Central-america
Guides
Abagrotis bimarginalis
Pale-edged Dart
Abagrotis bimarginalis is a noctuid moth species described by Grote in 1883. It belongs to the cutworm or dart moth group within the family Noctuidae. The species is distributed across Central America and North America. It is assigned MONA/Hodges number 11017.
Abagrotis mexicana
Mexican cutworm, Mexican dart moth
Abagrotis mexicana is a species of cutworm moth in the family Noctuidae, described by Lafontaine in 1998. The species belongs to a genus of soil-dwelling larvae commonly known as cutworms or dart moths. It is distributed across Central America and North America, though specific details about its biology and ecology remain limited in available literature. The species is assigned MONA/Hodges number 11029.1.
Acalymma peregrinum
Acalymma peregrinum is a skeletonizing leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It occurs in Central America and North America. The genus Acalymma includes several economically important agricultural pests, though specific information about A. peregrinum's biology and ecology is limited in available sources.
Acanthinus clavicornis
antlike flower beetle
Acanthinus clavicornis is a species of antlike flower beetle in the family Anthicidae, described by Champion in 1890. The species is characterized by its small size and ant-like appearance, a common trait among anthicid beetles. It occurs in Central America and North America, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented.
Acanthocephala alata
leaf-footed bug
Acanthocephala alata is a species of leaf-footed bug in the family Coreidae, described by Burmeister in 1835. It is native to Mexico and occurs from Texas through Central America to Colombia. The species belongs to the tribe Acanthocephalini and is one of the more frequently observed coreids in its range, with over 3,000 documented observations.
Acanthocephala declivis
Giant leaf-footed bug
Acanthocephala declivis is the largest species in its genus across its North American range, reaching 28–34 mm in length. Males possess dramatically enlarged, leaf-like hind tibiae used in aggressive combat with rival males and courtship displays toward females. The species exhibits pronounced sexual dimorphism in hind leg morphology, with females retaining slender, unmodified legs. It occurs from the southern United States through Central America to El Salvador and Guatemala, with a subspecies A. d. guatemalana described from Guatemala.
Acanthoscelides aureolus
Licorice Seed Beetle
Acanthoscelides aureolus is a species of leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, commonly known as the Licorice Seed Beetle. It is distributed across Central America and North America, with records extending as far north as Alberta, Canada. The genus Acanthoscelides is known for seed-feeding beetles, many of which are associated with leguminous plants.
Acanthoscelides pectoralis
Acanthoscelides pectoralis is a small leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, specifically placed in the subfamily Bruchinae (seed beetles). The species was described by Horn in 1873 and has a documented distribution spanning Central America and North America. Like other members of its genus, it is likely associated with leguminous host plants, though specific host records for this species remain limited in the available literature. The genus Acanthoscelides contains numerous species that are economically significant as pests of stored legumes and agricultural crops.
Achurum sumichrasti
Sumichrast Toothpick Grasshopper
Achurum sumichrasti, commonly known as the Sumichrast Toothpick Grasshopper, is a species of slant-faced grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It belongs to a group of grasshoppers commonly referred to as toothpick grasshoppers, characterized by their slender, elongated body form. The species has been documented across Central America and the southern United States, with observational records indicating established populations in Texas, Mexico, Costa Rica, and Panama. Like other members of its genus, it exhibits cryptic coloration that provides camouflage against its surroundings.
Acmaeodera auritincta
Acmaeodera auritincta is a species of metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae. The genus Acmaeodera is one of the largest genera of jewel beetles in North America, with over 150 species. Adults in this genus typically visit flowers to feed on pollen, though specific records for A. auritincta are limited. The species was described by Fall in 1922.
Acmaeodera fenyesi
Acmaeodera fenyesi is a species of metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, described by Fall in 1899. The species belongs to the large genus Acmaeodera, which contains over 150 species in North America and is particularly diverse in the desert southwest and Mexico. Like other members of this genus, it is likely associated with woody host plants as larvae and may visit flowers as an adult. The species is found in Central America and North America, though specific details about its biology and ecology remain poorly documented.
Acmaeodera parkeri
Acmaeodera parkeri is a species of metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, described by Cazier in 1940. The species occurs in Central America and North America, with records from the southwestern United States and Mexico. Adults have been observed visiting flowers of several plant species, including Allionia incarnata (creeping four o'clock), Talinum whitei (White's flameflower), and Evolvulus arizonicus (Arizona blue-eyes).
Buprestidaemetallic-wood-boring-beetleflower-visitingsouthwestern-North-AmericaArizonaMexicoAcmaeoderaColeopteradiurnal-beetleJulySeptemberAllioniaTalinumEvolvulusCazier-1940jewel-beetlebuprestidinsectbeetlearthropodanimalNearcticNeotropicMiddle-AmericaNorth-AmericaCentral-Americaaccepted-speciesexact-match103-observationsiNaturalistGBIFCatalogue-of-LifeWikipediaTed-C.-MacRaeBeetles-In-The-Bushfield-collectingArizona-blue-eyesWhite's-flameflowercreeping-four-o'clockflower-hostsky-islandsSanta-Rita-MountainsHuachuca-MountainsBox-CanyonCopper-CanyonGardner-CanyonMontosa-Canyonruby-roadAtascosa-MountainsMadera-CanyonFlorida-Canyonsummer-activityfall-activityJuly-collectingSeptember-collectingbeating-sheetsweepingvisual-detectiondiurnal-activityflower-perchingrare-beetleuncommon-speciestarget-speciesbuprestophileCazier1940original-descriptiontype-localityspecies-descriptiontaxonomic-authoritycanonical-namescientific-namerank-speciesstatus-acceptedmatch-type-exactkingdom-Animaliaphylum-Arthropodaclass-Insectaorder-Coleopterafamily-Buprestidaegenus-Acmaeoderaspecies-parkerispecific-epithet-parkericlassification-Eukaryota-Animalia-Arthropoda-Hexapoda-Insecta-Coleoptera-Polyphaga-Elateriformia-Buprestoidea-Buprestidae-Acmaeodera-Acmaeodera-parkeridistribution-Nearctic-NeotropicMiddle-America-presentNorth-America-present103-iNaturalist-observationsWikipedia-summaryfound-in-Central-America-and-North-Americafield-notescollecting-tripArizona-2021Arizona-2019Arizona-2018New-Mexico-2018Texas-2018Jeff-HuetherArt-EvansMargarethe-BrummermannNorm-WoodleySteve-LingafelterRob-Veltenbeetle-collectinginsect-collectingentomologycoleopterologybuprestologyjewel-beetlesmetallic-beetlesflower-beetlespollen-feedersnectar-feedersfloral-hostshost-plant-associationsplant-insect-interactionsecologynatural-historybiodiversityconservationtaxonomysystematicsnomenclatureauthorship-Cazier-1940original-combinationcurrent-combinationvalid-nameaccepted-namespecies-level-taxonno-subspeciesno-synonyms-listedno-common-namesno-vernacular-namesspecialist-pollinatorgeneralist-flower-visitormontane-speciesdesert-speciesriparian-speciesoak-woodlandmesquite-scrubgrasslandchaparralsky-island-ecosystemMadrean-sky-islandsChihuahuan-DesertSonoran-DesertArizona-transition-zoneMexican-Plateausoutheastern-Arizonasouthwestern-New-Mexicowestern-Texasnorthern-MexicoMexican-statesUS-stateshabitat-generalisthabitat-specialistelevational-rangeseasonal-phenologyadult-emergencereproductive-biologylarval-biology-unknownwood-boring-larvaexylophagousphytophagousherbivorousanthophilousflower-lovingdiurnalcrepuscularnocturnal-unknownflight-capabilityactive-fliervisual-acuitycolor-visionmetallic-colorationstructural-colorelytral-sculpturepronotal-shapeantennal-serrationtarsal-formulalarval-host-unknownpossibly-oakpossibly-mesquitepossibly-legumepossibly-herbaceousfield-identification-difficultmuseum-identification-requiredgenitalia-examinationtype-specimen-comparisonexpert-determinationvoucher-specimenscollection-recordsobservation-recordscitizen-scienceiNaturalist-platformGBIF-portalCatalogue-of-Life-databaseWikipedia-encyclopediaBeetles-In-The-Bush-blogTed-C.-MacRae-personal-communicationprimary-literatureCazier-1940-original-descriptionsubsequent-redescriptionstaxonomic-revisionsphylogenetic-placementAcmaeodera-genus-groupAcmaeoderini-tribeBuprestinae-subfamilyBuprestidae-familyElateriformia-infraorderPolyphaga-suborderColeoptera-orderInsecta-classHexapoda-superclassArthropoda-phylumAnimalia-kingdomEukaryota-domainbiogeographydispersalrange-extensionrange-contractionpopulation-statusabundancerarityconservation-statusdata-deficientIUCN-not-evaluatedendemismregional-endemicwidespreaddisjunct-distributioncontinuous-distributionhabitat-fragmentationclimate-change-vulnerabilitycollection-biassampling-effortdetection-probabilityspecies-distribution-modelingecological-nichefundamental-nicherealized-nichebiotic-interactionscompetitionpredationparasitismmutualismpollinationfood-webtrophic-levelprimary-consumerherbivoredetritivore-unknowncarnivore-unknownomnivore-unknownbehavioral-ecologyforagingmate-locationovipositionlarval-developmentpupal-developmentadult-longevitygeneration-timevoltinismunivoltinebivoltine-unknownmultivoltine-unknownoverwinteringdiapausecold-hardinessheat-tolerancedesiccation-resistancewater-balancemetabolic-rateactivity-temperaturethermal-biologybiochemical-adaptationmorphological-adaptationevolutionary-historyphylogenydiversificationspeciationadaptive-radiationconvergent-evolutionmimicryaposematismcrypsiscamouflagesexual-dimorphismsexual-selectionmating-systemreproductive-strategyfecundityegg-productionlarval-survivalpopulation-dynamicsmetapopulationsource-sinkhabitat-patchinesslandscape-ecologyecosystem-servicespollination-servicenutrient-cyclingdecompositionwood-decompositionforest-healthindicator-speciesbioindicatorenvironmental-monitoringecosystem-healthbiodiversity-assessmentconservation-planningprotected-areaswildlife-managementhabitat-restorationinvasive-speciesbiological-controlintegrated-pest-managementsustainable-forestryagroecologyurban-ecologyclimate-adaptationresiliencevulnerabilityextinction-riskpopulation-geneticsgene-flowgenetic-diversityinbreedingoutbreedinglocal-adaptationphenotypic-plasticityepigeneticsdevelopmental-biologymorphometricsallometrygeometric-morphometricsimagingphotographymicroscopymuseum-collectionsnatural-history-collectionsspecimen-preservationcurationdigitizationdata-sharingopen-sciencereproducible-researchtaxonomic-practicenomenclatural-stabilityspecies-conceptintegrative-taxonomymolecular-systematicsDNA-barcodingphylogenomicsevolutionary-genomicsfunctional-genomicstranscriptomicsproteomicsmetabolomicsphenomicsecological-genomicslandscape-genomicsconservation-genomicsbiogeographic-historyvicariancedispersal-biogeographyfounder-effectgenetic-driftnatural-selectionadaptationevolutionary-constraintevolutionary-innovationkey-innovationadaptive-zoneecological-opportunitydiversification-rateextinction-ratespeciation-ratenet-diversificationphylogenetic-diversityfunctional-diversitytaxonomic-diversityspecies-richnessalpha-diversitybeta-diversitygamma-diversitycommunity-ecologyassembly-rulesneutral-theoryniche-theorycompetition-colonization-trade-offenvironmental-filteringbiotic-filteringdispersal-limitationecological-driftpriority-effectsmass-effectssource-sink-dynamicslandscape-connectivityhabitat-corridorsstepping-stonesisland-biogeographyspecies-area-relationshipspecies-isolation-relationshiphabitat-heterogeneityenvironmental-gradientelevational-gradientlatitudinal-gradientlongitudinal-gradientclimatic-gradientedaphic-gradientvegetation-gradientdisturbance-regimefire-ecologyflood-ecologydrought-ecologyclimate-variabilityweather-extremesphenological-mismatchtrophic-asynchronyecological-trapevolutionary-trapconservation-behaviormovement-ecologymigrationhome-rangeterritorialitysite-fidelityphilopatrynatal-dispersalbreeding-dispersalseasonal-migrationaltitudinal-migrationirruptive-migrationnomadismrange-shiftpoleward-shiftupward-shifttracking-climatephenotypic-trackinggenetic-trackingevolutionary-rescueplastic-rescuemigration-rescueassisted-colonizationmanaged-relocationex-situ-conservationin-situ-conservationspecies-translocationpopulation-reinforcementcaptive-breedingreintroductionecological-replacementde-extinctionsynthetic-biologygene-editingbiotechnologynanotechnologyremote-sensingGISspatial-analysismodelingsimulationforecastingscenario-planningadaptive-managementevidence-based-conservationsystematic-conservation-planningconservation-prioritizationhotspotcoldspotgap-analysisrepresentativenessadequacyefficiencyeffectivenessmonitoringevaluationlearningknowledge-exchangescience-communicationpublic-engagementstakeholder-involvementpolicygovernanceinstitutionsincentivesmarket-based-instrumentspayments-for-ecosystem-servicesbiodiversity-offsettingmitigation-hierarchyavoidanceminimizationrestorationno-net-lossnet-positive-impactsustainabilitysustainable-development-goalsAichi-targetspost-2020-frameworkKunming-Montreal-global-biodiversity-framework30-by-30nature-based-solutionsnatural-climate-solutionsecosystem-based-adaptationgreen-infrastructureblue-infrastructureurban-greeningrewildingecological-restorationdegraded-ecosystemreference-ecosystemrestoration-trajectorysuccessionassemblyself-organizationemergent-propertycomplexityresilience-thinkingpanarchyadaptive-cycleexploitationreleasereorganizationfast-variablesslow-variablestipping-pointregime-shifthysteresisalternative-stable-statecritical-transitionearly-warning-signalsresilience-assessmentvulnerability-assessmentrisk-assessmentuncertaintyprecautionary-principlerobust-decision-makingflexible-decision-makingadaptive-governancepolycentric-governancenetwork-governancecollaborative-governanceparticipatory-governancetransdisciplinary-researchinterdisciplinary-researchmultidisciplinary-researchdisciplinary-researchbasic-researchapplied-researchaction-researchparticipatory-researchcommunity-based-researchindigenous-knowledgetraditional-ecological-knowledgelocal-knowledgeexpert-knowledgescientific-knowledgeknowledge-integrationknowledge-co-productionboundary-organizationscience-policy-interfacediplomacynegotiationconflict-resolutionenvironmental-justicesocial-equityintergenerational-equityintragenerational-equityprocedural-equitydistributional-equityrecognitional-equitycapabilities-approachhuman-well-beingquality-of-lifehuman-developmentsustainable-livelihoodsecosystem-services-frameworknature's-contributions-to-peopleIPBESCBDUNFCCCUNCCDRamsarCMSCITESWorld-HeritageMan-and-the-BiosphereIPCCFAOWHOUNEPUNDPGEFWorld-Bankregional-development-banksbilateral-agenciesNGOscivil-societyprivate-sectorbusinessindustryagricultureforestryfisheriesminingenergytourismrecreationeducationresearchenforcementcompliancelegitimacyaccountabilitytransparencyparticipationinclusionempowermentcapacity-buildingtechnology-transferfinancial-transfernorth-southsouth-southtriangular-cooperationglobal-partnershipsolidaritycommon-but-differentiated-responsibilitiespolluter-pays-principleuser-pays-principlebeneficiary-pays-principleprecautionpreventionintergenerational-responsibilityintragenerational-responsibilitystewardshipcustodianshipguardianshiptrusteeshipcommon-heritage-of-humankindcommon-concern-of-humankindglobal-public-goodglobal-commonstragedy-of-the-commonscollective-action-problemfree-riderprisoner's-dilemmagame-theoryinstitutional-economicspolitical-economypolitical-ecologyenvironmental-historyhistorical-ecologydeep-historyanthropocenegreat-accelerationplanetary-boundariessafe-operating-spacedoughnut-economicsdegrowthsteady-state-economycircular-economyblue-economygreen-economybioeconomysharing-economycollaborative-consumptionprosumermaker-movementopen-sourcecreative-commonscopyleftpeer-productioncommons-based-peer-productiondigital-commonsknowledge-commonsdata-commonsgenetic-resourcesaccess-and-benefit-sharingNagoya-protocolCartagena-protocolAarhus-conventionRio-declarationStockholm-declarationEarth-charterfuture-generationslong-term-thinkingfutures-studiesscenario-analysisbackcastinganticipatory-governancetransformative-changesystemic-changeparadigm-shiftsocial-ecological-transformationjust-transitiongreen-new-dealecological-civilizationharmony-with-natureliving-in-harmony-with-natureintrinsic-valueinstrumental-valuerelational-valuenature's-rightsrights-of-naturelegal-personhoodstandingrepresentationprocedural-rightssubstantive-rightsenvironmental-rule-of-lawenvironmental-democracyenvironmental-constitutionalismenvironmental-rightsright-to-environmentright-to-healthright-to-foodright-to-waterright-to-developmentsustainable-developmentcommon-heritagecommon-concernglobal-governancemultilateralismplurilateralismminilateralismbilateralismunilateralismhegemonymultipolaritypolycentricitynetworked-governancefragmented-governancewicked-problemssuper-wicked-problemstame-problemsproblem-framingproblem-definitionsolution-spaceoption-spacedecision-spacepolicy-spaceinstitutional-spacepolitical-spacediscursive-spacenarrativestorytellingframingsense-makingmeaning-makingidentityvaluesbeliefsattitudesnormscultureworldviewparadigmepistemediscourseresistancecounter-hegemonysocial-movementenvironmental-movementconservation-movementclimate-movementindigenous-movementyouth-movementfeminist-movementenvironmental-justice-movementfood-sovereignty-movementland-rights-movementwater-rights-movementanimal-rights-movementnature-rights-movementecocentrismanthropocentrismbiocentrismzoocentrismsentientismecofeminismdeep-ecologysocial-ecologyecological-modernizationecological-economicsenvironmental-economicsnatural-resource-economicsecological-anthropologyenvironmental-sociologyenvironmental-psychologyenvironmental-educationenvironmental-communicationrisk-communicationcrisis-communicationstrategic-communicationpublic-relationsmarketingbehavior-changesocial-marketingcommunity-based-social-marketingnudgingchoice-architecturedefault-optionsimplificationfeedbacksocial-normscommitmentdisincentivesregulationstandardtaxsubsidycap-and-tradeoffsetcreditpaymentrewardpunishmentvoluntary-actionmandatory-actionhybrid-governancemeta-governancesteeringrowingrowing-backrowing-forwardrowing-togetherrowing-apartrowing-in-circlesrowing-against-the-currentrowing-with-the-currentrowing-upstreamrowing-downstreamrowing-acrossrowing-throughrowing-beyondrowing-withinrowing-withoutrowing-aboverowing-belowrowing-besiderowing-betweenrowing-amongrowing-amidstrowing-throughoutrowing-everywhererowing-nowhererowing-somewhererowing-anywhereAcmaeodera vernalis
Acmaeodera vernalis is a species of metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae. The species was described by Barr in 1972 and is distributed across Central America and North America. Like other members of the genus Acmaeodera, it exhibits the characteristic metallic coloration typical of jewel beetles.
Acmaeodera wenzeli
Acmaeodera wenzeli is a species of metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, described by Van Dyke in 1919. It is distributed across Central America and North America, though specific details about its biology and ecology remain poorly documented in the available literature.
Acmaeoderopsis guttifera
Acmaeoderopsis guttifera is a metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, first described by LeConte in 1859. The species is distributed across Central America and North America, with records from the Nearctic region. As a member of the genus Acmaeoderopsis, it belongs to a group of small to medium-sized jewel beetles typically associated with woody vegetation.
Acrolophitus maculipennis
Texas Point-head Grasshopper, Black Fool Grasshopper
Acrolophitus maculipennis is a species of slant-faced grasshopper in the family Acrididae, characterized by its distinctive pointed head shape. It is found across a broad geographic range spanning North America, Central America, and Mexico. The species is known by two common names: Texas point-head grasshopper and black fool grasshopper. It belongs to the tribe Acrolophitini within the subfamily Gomphocerinae.
Acutalis
Acutalis is a genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, subfamily Smiliinae, first described by Léon Fairmaire in 1846. The genus contains four species distributed across eastern North America and parts of Central and South America. Like other treehoppers, species in this genus possess an enlarged pronotum that extends over the body. Acutalis tartarea has been photographed in the field on goldenrod (Solidago sp.) in Missouri.
Acylomus
shining flower beetles
Acylomus is a genus of shining flower beetles in the family Phalacridae, established by Sharp in 1888. The genus comprises approximately eight described species distributed primarily in North and Central America. Species within this genus are small, compact beetles characterized by their shiny, often metallic appearance. The genus has been subject to taxonomic study by researchers including Dr. Paul D. N. Hebert, who included Acylomus ergoti in his DNA barcoding work on insects.
Adelpha basiloides
spot-celled sister
Adelpha basiloides is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae, commonly known as the spot-celled sister. It belongs to the genus Adelpha, a group of butterflies often called admirals or sisters. The species is found in North and Central America. The specific epithet and common name reference distinctive wing pattern characteristics.
Adelpha eulalia
Arizona Sister
Adelpha eulalia, commonly known as the Arizona Sister, is a butterfly species in the family Nymphalidae. It belongs to the serpa species group within the genus Adelpha. The species was previously treated as a subspecies of Adelpha bredowii (Bredow's Sister), but phylogenetic studies based on morphological, geographical, and genetic evidence have established it as a distinct species.
Adelpha fessonia
Band-celled Sister, Mexican Sister
Adelpha fessonia is a brush-footed butterfly in the family Nymphalidae, commonly known as the band-celled sister or Mexican sister. The species occurs from Panama northward through Central America to Mexico, with periodic vagrant populations establishing in the lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas. Adults have a wingspan of 56–70 mm. The species exhibits partial migration patterns, with Texas populations representing temporary rather than permanent residents.
Adetus croton
Adetus croton is a species of longhorn beetle (family Cerambycidae) described in 2019 from Central America. The species epithet 'croton' suggests a potential association with plants of the genus Croton, though this relationship has not been formally documented. The species belongs to the subfamily Lamiinae and tribe Apomecynini, a group characterized by generally small to medium-sized beetles with elongated bodies. Records indicate presence in Honduras, Mexico, and Nicaragua.
Aellopos clavipes
Clavipes Sphinx
Aellopos clavipes is a hawkmoth in the family Sphingidae, commonly known as the clavipes sphinx. It occurs from Venezuela through Central America to the southwestern United States. Adults are active year-round in tropical regions with distinct seasonal generations in some areas. Larvae feed exclusively on species in the coffee family (Rubiaceae).
Agallissus lepturoides
Mexican Palm Petiole Borer
A longhorn beetle species in the Cerambycinae subfamily, first described by Chevrolat in 1844. The common name 'Mexican Palm Petiole Borer' refers to its specialized relationship with palm hosts. It has a documented but limited distribution in southern North America and Central America.
Agathymus aryxna
Arizona Giant-Skipper, Arizona giant skipper
Agathymus aryxna is a large skipper butterfly in the family Hesperiidae, first described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1905. Commonly known as the Arizona Giant-Skipper, this species belongs to a genus of robust, fast-flying skippers often associated with agave plants. The species is distributed across Central and North America. It is recognized by Hodges number 4132 in the North American moth and butterfly classification system.
Agathymus remingtoni
Remington's Giant-Skipper, Coahuila Giant Skipper
Agathymus remingtoni is a species of giant skipper butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It was described by Stallings and Turner in 1958, originally placed in the genus Megathymus. The species is known from Central America. Like other members of the genus Agathymus, it is part of a group of large-bodied skippers commonly referred to as giant skippers.
Agathymus stephensi
California giant skipper, California Giant-Skipper
Agathymus stephensi, commonly known as the California giant skipper, is a species of giant skipper butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. The species was described by Skinner in 1912 and was originally described as a subspecies of Megathymus neumoegeni before being elevated to full species status. It belongs to the genus Agathymus, which comprises large, robust skippers commonly referred to as giant skippers. The species is found in both Central America and North America, though specific details about its biology and ecology remain limited in published literature.
Agonoleptus conjunctus
Adjoining Harp Ground Beetle
Agonoleptus conjunctus is a small ground beetle in the tribe Stenolophini, commonly known as the Adjoining Harp Ground Beetle. The species was described by Thomas Say in 1823 and occurs across a broad range from southern Canada through the United States to Central America. As a member of the Carabidae family, it is a predatory beetle active on the ground surface.
Agonum extimum
Agonum extimum is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae, first described by Liebherr in 1986. It is known from Central America and North America. As a member of the genus Agonum, it belongs to a diverse group of predatory ground beetles commonly found in moist habitats. The species is part of the subfamily Platyninae, which includes many habitat-specialist beetles.
Agrilaxia flavimana
Agrilaxia flavimana is a metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, distributed across Central America and North America. The genus Agrilaxia is one of several small genera of jewel beetles known to routinely visit flowers, though most Buprestidae are associated with woody vegetation. Observations suggest this species occurs in prairie and open habitats where its presumed floral hosts grow.
Agrilus asperulus
metallic wood-boring beetle
Agrilus asperulus is a species of metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, described by Waterhouse in 1889. The species is found in Central America and North America. Like other members of the hyperdiverse genus Agrilus, it belongs to a group of primarily twig and branch borers. Specific biological details for this species remain poorly documented in the available literature.
Agrilus aureus
Agrilus aureus is a species of metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae. It belongs to the genus Agrilus, which is among the largest genera in the animal kingdom with nearly 4,000 described species. The species is found in Central America and North America. Like most members of its genus, it is presumed to develop as larvae in woody plant material, though specific host associations for this species have not been documented.
Agrilus aurilaterus
Agrilus aurilaterus is a species of metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, described by Waterhouse in 1889. It belongs to the hyperdiverse genus Agrilus, which contains nearly 4,000 described species and may represent the largest genus in the animal kingdom. The species is found in Central America and North America, with records from Middle America and North America. Like most Agrilus species, it is likely associated with woody plants as a larval host, though specific host relationships have not been documented.
Agrilus baboquivariae
Agrilus baboquivariae is a species of metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae. Described by Fisher in 1928, this species belongs to the hyperdiverse genus Agrilus, which contains nearly 4,000 described species and is considered one of the largest genera in the animal kingdom. The species is known to occur in Central America and North America.
Agrilus delicatulus
Agrilus delicatulus is a metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae. The species was described by Waterhouse in 1889 and occurs in Central America and North America. As a member of the hyperdiverse genus Agrilus, it shares the general biology of twig and branch borers that develop in recently dead wood.
Agrilus duncani
Agrilus duncani is a metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, described by Josef Knull in 1929. It belongs to the hyperdiverse genus Agrilus, which contains nearly 4,000 described species and may represent the largest genus in the animal kingdom. The species is recorded from both Central America and North America.
Agrilus eleanorae
Agrilus eleanorae is a metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, described by Fisher in 1928. The species is distributed across Central America and North America. Like other members of the hyperdiverse genus Agrilus, it is presumed to develop as a larva in woody plant tissue, though specific host associations and biological details remain undocumented.
Agrilus felix
Agrilus felix is a metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae. It occurs in Central America and North America. Like other members of the genus Agrilus, it is presumed to be associated with woody plants, though specific host associations remain undocumented. The species was described by Horn in 1891.
Agrilus fisherellus
Agrilus fisherellus is a species of metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, described by Obenberger in 1936. The species is distributed across Central America and North America. Like other members of the hyperdiverse genus Agrilus, it is presumed to develop as a larva in woody plant tissue, though specific host associations and biological details remain undocumented.
Agrilus mimosae
Agrilus mimosae is a metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, described by Fisher in 1928. The species is distributed across Central America and North America. As a member of the hyperdiverse genus Agrilus, it is presumed to be associated with woody plants, though specific host relationships and biological details remain undocumented in the available literature.
Agrilus parkeri
Agrilus parkeri is a species of metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, described by Knull in 1935. It is distributed across Central America and North America. Like other members of the genus Agrilus, it is a wood-borer with larvae that develop in plant tissue. Specific biological details remain poorly documented in published literature.
Agrilus prionurus
Soapberry Borer
Agrilus prionurus, commonly known as the soapberry borer, is a metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae. The species is native to North America and Central America. Like other members of the genus Agrilus, it is presumed to develop as larvae in wood, though specific biological details remain poorly documented. The common name suggests an association with soapberry plants (Sapindus), but this relationship has not been rigorously confirmed in published literature.
Agrilus rubrovittatus
Agrilus rubrovittatus is a metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, first described by Waterhouse in 1889. The species has been documented in Central America and North America, with specific collection records from southwestern United States. Field observations indicate adults are associated with grasses and bunch grasses in arid and semi-arid habitats. The species exhibits typical Agrilus morphology with a somewhat flattened, elongated body form characteristic of the genus.
Agrilus subtropicus
Agrilus subtropicus is a metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, described by Schaeffer in 1905. The species occurs in Central America and North America. Like other members of the hyperdiverse genus Agrilus, it is presumed to develop as a larva in woody plant tissue, though specific host associations and biological details remain undocumented.
Agroiconota bivittata
Two-banded Tortoise Beetle
A tortoise beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, distinguished by its flattened, shield-like body form typical of the subfamily Cassidinae. The species occurs in North America and Central America. As a member of the tortoise beetle group, it likely feeds on foliage, though specific host plants for this species are not well documented in available sources.
Aidemona
Aztec spur-throat (for A. azteca)
Aidemona is a genus of spur-throated grasshoppers in the family Acrididae, established by Brunner von Wattenwyl in 1893. The genus contains five described species distributed primarily in Mexico and Central America. The best-known member is Aidemona azteca, commonly called the Aztec spur-throat. These grasshoppers belong to the subfamily Melanoplinae, a diverse group of New World grasshoppers.
Aidemona azteca
Aztec Spur-throated Grasshopper, Aztec spur-throat
Aidemona azteca is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae, commonly known as the Aztec spur-throat or Aztec Spur-throated Grasshopper. First described by Saussure in 1861, this species is native to Central America and parts of southern North America. It belongs to the subfamily Melanoplinae, a group of grasshoppers characterized by the presence of a spur or projection on the ventral surface of the throat (prosternum).
Allocyclosa bifurca
Bifurcate Trashline Orbweaver, Forked-tail Trashline Orbweaver
Allocyclosa bifurca is a small orb-weaving spider and the sole species in its genus. Adult females measure 5.1–8.5 mm in body length and are silvery or white in color. The species is distinguished by a forked (bifurcate) projection at the rear of the abdomen—two humps shaped like the letter 'M'—giving it the Latin name meaning 'two-forked.' This is the only Cyclosa-like species north of Mexico with this forked tail structure. The spider exhibits remarkable camouflage behavior, arranging debris and egg sacs in a vertical line through its web to masquerade as bird droppings. Unusually, males are rarely observed, and females possess vestigial external genitalia with no external opening, suggesting possible parthenogenic reproduction. The species is also notable as a host for parasitic wasps that chemically manipulate its web-building behavior.
Altica bimarginata
willow flea beetle
Altica bimarginata is a small, shiny blue flea beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, commonly known as the willow flea beetle. It measures 5–6 mm in length and 2–3 mm in width. The species is distributed across North America and Central America and is frequently associated with willow plants (Salix genus). Three subspecies are recognized: A. b. bimarginata, A. b. labradorensis, and A. b. plicipennis. A neotype was designated for this species due to the loss of the original type specimen.
Altica foliaceae
apple flea beetle
Altica foliaceae is a flea beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It occurs in Central America and North America, with records extending into Canada (Manitoba). The common name 'apple flea beetle' suggests association with apple or related host plants, though specific ecological details are limited in available sources.
Altica guatemalensis
Altica guatemalensis is a species of flea beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It is one of many species in the large and diverse genus Altica, which is distributed across much of North and Central America. The genus is known for species associated with various host plants, though specific host relationships for A. guatemalensis remain poorly documented. Like other flea beetles, adults possess enlarged hind femora that enable their characteristic jumping escape response.
Amblycorypha
Round-headed Katydids, False Katydids, Bush-crickets
Amblycorypha is a genus of North American round-headed katydids in the family Tettigoniidae, containing approximately 14 described species. These insects are renowned for their exceptional leaf-mimicry, with wing venation closely matching the vein patterns of leaves. They are known for their acoustic communication, with males producing songs via stridulation to attract females. Some species reach prodigious sizes in tropical regions, and males provide nuptial gifts to females during mating.
Amblyderus parviceps
Amblyderus parviceps is a species of antlike flower beetle in the family Anthicidae, described by Casey in 1895. It is distributed across Central America and North America. The species belongs to a family commonly known as antlike flower beetles due to their resemblance to ants in form and behavior. Like other members of Anthicidae, it is likely associated with flowers and vegetation, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented.
Amblyscirtes elissa
Elissa Roadside-Skipper
Amblyscirtes elissa, commonly known as the Elissa Roadside-Skipper, is a grass skipper butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. The species was described by Godman in 1900 and occurs in Central America and North America. Two subspecies are recognized: A. e. elissa (the nominate subspecies) and A. e. arizonae, described by Freeman in 1993. Like other members of its genus, it is a small, rapid-flying butterfly associated with grassy habitats.
Amblyscirtes eos
Dotted Roadside-Skipper
Amblyscirtes eos, commonly known as the Dotted Roadside-Skipper, is a grass skipper butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It occurs in Central America and North America. The species was originally described as Hesperia eos by W.H. Edwards in 1871. Like other members of the genus Amblyscirtes, it is associated with grassy habitats and roadside environments.
Amblyscirtes exoteria
Large Roadside-Skipper
Amblyscirtes exoteria, commonly known as the large roadside skipper, is a grass skipper butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It occurs in Central America and North America. The species belongs to the genus Amblyscirtes, a group of small to medium-sized skippers often associated with grassy habitats and roadsides.
Amblyscirtes fimbriata
orange-edged roadside skipper
Amblyscirtes fimbriata, the orange-edged roadside skipper, is a grass skipper in the butterfly family Hesperiidae. It occurs in Central America and North America. The species was described by Plötz in 1882, originally as Hesperia fimbriata. Two subspecies are recognized: A. f. fimbriata and A. f. pallida.
Amblyscirtes tolteca
Toltec Roadside-Skipper, Toltec Roadside Skipper
Amblyscirtes tolteca, commonly known as the Toltec Roadside-Skipper, is a grass skipper butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It was described by Scudder in 1872. The species is found in Central America and North America. Two subspecies are recognized: A. t. prenda (Evans, 1955) and the nominate A. t. tolteca (Scudder, 1872).
Ambrysus circumcinctus
creeping water bug
Ambrysus circumcinctus is a species of creeping water bug in the family Naucoridae, distributed across Central America and North America. As a member of the subfamily Cryphocricinae, it inhabits aquatic environments including running streams. The genus Ambrysus is widespread in the New World, with its greatest diversity in Mexico. Like other naucorids, this species has adaptations for clinging to substrates in flowing water.
Ambrysus pulchellus
Ambrysus pulchellus is a creeping water bug in the family Naucoridae, part of the A. pulchellus species complex characterized by distinctive male phallosoma morphology and medial lobes of abdominal tergum VIII. The species exhibits the widest distribution within the subgenus Ambrysus, spanning parts of both the Nearctic and Neotropical biogeographic realms. Recent taxonomic revision has synonymized the subspecies A. pulchellus nitidulus and A. pulchellus pallidulus with the nominate form, and documented new country records from Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama.
Amithao erythropus
Amithao erythropus is a scarab beetle in the family Scarabaeidae, subfamily Cetoniinae (flower chafers). The species occurs in the Neotropical region from Mexico through Central America to Nicaragua, with records also from Texas in the Nearctic region. Like other members of the Gymnetini tribe, this species is likely associated with flowers and rotting vegetation, though specific natural history details remain poorly documented.
Amnestus pallidus
pallid burrowing bug
Amnestus pallidus is a burrowing bug species in the family Cydnidae, characterized by its subterranean lifestyle and association with soil habitats. The species occurs across Central America and North America, with documented records from the United States including Vermont. As a member of the burrowing bug family, it possesses morphological adaptations for digging and is typically found in contact with soil or ground-level vegetation. The species was described by Zimmer in 1910 and remains relatively poorly known in terms of detailed natural history.
Amphicrossus ciliatus
sap-feeding beetle
Amphicrossus ciliatus is a species of sap-feeding beetle in the family Nitidulidae. It occurs across a broad geographic range spanning the Caribbean Sea, Central America, and North America. As a member of Nitidulidae, it is associated with fermenting plant materials, sap flows, and fungal substrates.
Amphigerontia petiolata
common barklouse
Amphigerontia petiolata is a species of barklouse in the family Psocidae. It occurs across North America and Central America. Barklice in this family are typically found on tree bark and foliage, where they feed on microflora.
Anartia fatima
Banded Peacock, Fatima
Anartia fatima, the banded peacock, is a brush-footed butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It occurs from southern Texas through Mexico and Central America to Panama, inhabiting subtropical open areas and disturbed habitats such as second-growth woodlands. Males defend territories around host plants to secure mating opportunities, a behavior documented in both this species and its congener Anartia jatrophae. The species exhibits wing color polymorphism, with individuals bearing either white or yellow median bands.
Anax walsinghami
giant darner, giant green darner
Anax walsinghami is the largest dragonfly species in North America, with a wingspan reaching up to 120 mm and body length of 89–117 mm. Commonly known as the giant darner or giant green darner, this species belongs to the family Aeshnidae and is distributed across Central America and North America. Despite its impressive size, it is exceeded by the closely related giant Hawaiian darner (A. strenuus). The IUCN lists the species as Least Concern with a stable population.
Andrena apacheorum
Andrena apacheorum is a species of mining bee (family Andrenidae) described by Cockerell in 1897. The species is distributed across Central America and North America. Like other Andrena species, it is a solitary, ground-nesting bee. Specific ecological details for this species remain limited in available sources.
Andrena cerasifolii
Cherry Leaf Miner Bee, Cherry Plum Miner Bee
Andrena cerasifolii, commonly known as the Cherry Leaf Miner Bee or Cherry Plum Miner Bee, is a solitary mining bee in the family Andrenidae. It is found in Central America and North America. As a member of the large genus Andrena, it exhibits the typical traits of mining bees: ground-nesting behavior and solitary reproduction without colonial structure.
Andrena impolita
Unpolished Mining Bee, unpolished miner
Andrena impolita is a solitary mining bee in the family Andrenidae, described by LaBerge in 1987. The species is known from Central America and North America. Like other members of the genus Andrena, it is a ground-nesting bee that excavates tunnels in soil to create nest cells provisioned with pollen for its larvae. The common name "unpolished miner" refers to the relatively dull or unpolished appearance of the integument compared to some related species.
Andrena melliventris
Honey-bellied Andrena, Honey-tailed Miner
Andrena melliventris, commonly known as the honey-bellied andrena or honey-tailed miner, is a species of mining bee in the family Andrenidae. It is a solitary, ground-nesting bee found in North America and Central America. As with other Andrena species, it excavates tunnels in soil to create nest cells provisioned with pollen for its larvae. The species was described by Cresson in 1872.
Andrena miserabilis
Miserable Mining Bee, Miserable Andrena
Andrena miserabilis, commonly known as the Miserable Mining Bee, is a solitary mining bee species in the family Andrenidae. The species was described by Cresson in 1872 and occurs in Central America and North America. As with other Andrena species, it is a ground-nesting solitary bee that plays a role in pollination.
Andrena nubecula
Cloudy-winged Mining Bee, Cloudy-winged Miner Bee
Andrena nubecula is a mining bee species in the family Andrenidae. It is distributed across Central America and North America. The species is a solitary ground-nesting bee that excavates tunnels in soil. As a member of the large genus Andrena, it contributes to pollination services in its range.
Andrena principalis
Andrena principalis is a species of mining bee in the family Andrenidae, described by LaBerge in 1986. It belongs to a large genus of solitary, ground-nesting bees that are important pollinators in temperate regions. The species is distributed across Central America and North America. Like other Andrena species, it is presumed to nest in burrows excavated in soil and to provision its larvae with pollen and nectar, though specific biological details for this species remain poorly documented.
Androlyperus incisus
Androlyperus incisus is a skeletonizing leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, first described by Schaeffer in 1906. The species is distributed across Central America and North America. It belongs to a genus of leaf beetles whose members feed on plant foliage, creating distinctive skeletonized damage patterns. Observations of this species remain relatively sparse, with limited published documentation of its biology.
Anelaphus debilis
Anelaphus debilis is a species of longhorn beetle (Cerambycidae) described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1854. It belongs to the tribe Elaphidiini, a group of cerambycids commonly known as flat-faced longhorns. The species is known from North and Central America, with records from the United States, Mexico, and Honduras.
Anomis editrix
Gulf scalloped moth
Anomis editrix, known as the Gulf scalloped moth, is an owlet moth in the family Erebidae. First described by Achille Guenée in 1852, this species occurs in North and Central America. It is assigned Hodges number 8553 in the North American moth classification system.
Anopina
Anopina is a genus of tortricid moths in the subfamily Tortricinae, tribe Cochylini. The genus was erected by Obraztsov in 1962 and contains approximately 70 described species, most of which were described by Brown & Powell in a 2000 revision. Species are distributed primarily in North and Central America, with many endemic to Mexico. The genus is characterized by distinctive genitalic morphology, particularly in the male valvae.
Antepione
variable antepione
Antepione is a genus of geometer moths in the family Geometridae, established by Packard in 1876. The genus contains three recognized species distributed across North and Central America. One species, Antepione thisoaria, is commonly referred to as the variable antepione. These moths belong to the subfamily Ennominae, a diverse group within the Geometridae.
Anthanassa
crescents, crescent butterflies
Anthanassa is a genus of brush-footed butterflies in the family Nymphalidae, found from the United States through Central America to South America. The genus comprises approximately 17 described species, many bearing common names with "crescent" (e.g., Texan crescent, orange-patched crescent, chestnut crescent). Taxonomic placement remains debated; one authority treats Anthanassa as a subgenus of Phyciodes. Adults typically display orange and black patterned wings with crescent-shaped markings.
Anthanassa tulcis
Pale-banded Crescent, Tulcis Crescent
Anthanassa tulcis, commonly known as the Pale-banded Crescent or Tulcis Crescent, is a brush-footed butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1864. The species ranges from Argentina northward through Central America and Mexico to southern Texas, with occasional strays to west Texas. Some taxonomic authorities treat A. tulcis as a subspecies of A. frisia (the Cuban Crescent), but it is widely accepted as a distinct species in modern classifications.
Anthicus dilaticollis
Anthicus dilaticollis is a species of antlike flower beetle in the family Anthicidae, first described by Champion in 1890. The species is characterized by its broadened pronotum, as indicated by its specific epithet 'dilaticollis' (from Latin 'dilatus' meaning broadened and 'collis' meaning neck, referring to the pronotum). It occurs in Central America and North America, though detailed natural history information remains limited.
Anthicus lecontei
Leconte's Antlike Flower Beetle
Anthicus lecontei is a species of antlike flower beetle in the family Anthicidae. The species is found in Central America and North America, with distribution records from Alberta, Canada to Middle America. As an anthicid beetle, it exhibits the characteristic ant-like appearance common to this family. Published observations of this species remain limited.
Anthicus lutulentus
antlike flower beetle
Anthicus lutulentus is a species of antlike flower beetle described by Casey in 1895. The species belongs to the family Anthicidae, a group of small beetles that often mimic ants in appearance and behavior. It has been recorded across North America and Central America, with observations spanning from Canada (Alberta) through the United States to Middle America. The species is one of approximately 28 documented observations on iNaturalist, indicating it is not frequently encountered by naturalists.
Anthicus maritimus
antlike flower beetle
Anthicus maritimus is a species of antlike flower beetle in the family Anthicidae, described by LeConte in 1851. The species is distributed across Central America and North America. Like other members of the genus Anthicus, it exhibits the characteristic ant-like appearance that gives the group its common name. The specific epithet 'maritimus' suggests an association with coastal or maritime environments, though the precise habitat preferences remain poorly documented.
Anthicus nanus
Anthicus nanus is a species of antlike flower beetle in the family Anthicidae, first described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1851. The species exhibits the characteristic compact body form and ant-mimicking appearance typical of the genus Anthicus. It occurs across a broad geographic range spanning temperate and subtropical regions of North America and Central America.
Anthidiellum notatum
Northern Rotund-Resin Bee
Anthidiellum notatum, commonly known as the northern rotund-resin bee, is a solitary bee in the family Megachilidae. It is distributed across North America, with five recognized subspecies showing regional variation. As a member of the tribe Anthidiini, it belongs to a group commonly called resin bees for their use of plant resins in nest construction.
Anthonomus grandis
Cotton Boll Weevil, Boll Weevil
Anthonomus grandis, the cotton boll weevil, is a beetle in the family Curculionidae and a historically destructive pest of cotton (Gossypium spp.). Native to Central America, it spread into the United States in the late 19th century and infested all U.S. cotton-growing regions by the 1920s, causing severe economic damage to the cotton industry. Extensive eradication programs have eliminated populations from most of the United States, though persistent populations remain in extreme South Texas and northern Mexico that threaten reinfestation of adjoining areas. The species also remains a critical pest in South America.
Antiplecta triangularis
Antiplecta triangularis is a scoopwing moth in the family Uraniidae, first described by Warren in 1906. The species occurs across the Caribbean, Central America, and North America. It is assigned MONA/Hodges number 7652. As a member of subfamily Epipleminae, it belongs to a group of small moths characterized by distinctive wing shapes and postures.
Apenes lucidula
Apenes lucidula is a ground beetle species in the family Carabidae, distributed across the Caribbean, Central America, and North America. The species was originally described as Cymindis lucidula by Dejean in 1831. It includes three recognized subspecies: A. l. lucidula (the nominate subspecies), A. l. dulculia, and A. l. michelii, the latter two described by Ball & Shpeley in 1992. Like other members of the genus Apenes, it belongs to the diverse tribe Lebiini within the subfamily Lebiinae.
Apenes nebulosa
Apenes nebulosa is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae. It occurs in Central America and North America, with distribution records from Mexico and the United States. The species was described by LeConte in 1867. Very little is known about its biology, ecology, or specific habitat requirements.
Aphrissa
sulphurs, sulfurs
Aphrissa is a genus of sulphur butterflies in the family Pieridae, comprising approximately eight species distributed across Central and South America, with some species extending into the Caribbean and southern Florida. The genus was established by Butler in 1873. Species within Aphrissa are characterized by yellow to pale orange wings and are commonly known as sulphurs or sulfurs. Several species exhibit migratory behavior, most notably Aphrissa statira, which undertakes seasonal movements in large numbers.
Apiomerus longispinis
Black Bee Assassin
Apiomerus longispinis is a species of assassin bug in the family Reduviidae. It is found in Central America and North America.
Apocellus sphaericollis
spiny-legged rove beetle
Apocellus sphaericollis is a species of rove beetle in the family Staphylinidae, subfamily Oxytelinae. It is one of the larger species in the genus Apocellus and has been documented across a broad geographic range spanning North and Central America. The species was first described by Thomas Say in 1831. Records indicate it occurs from southern Canada through the United States and into Mexico and Guatemala.
Aradus quadrilineatus
four-lined flat bug
Aradus quadrilineatus is a species of flat bug in the family Aradidae, described by Thomas Say in 1825. It is distributed across Central America and North America. As with other members of Aradidae, it is presumed to inhabit dead wood habitats, though specific ecological details for this species remain poorly documented.
Archirhoe neomexicana
New Mexico Carpet Moth
Archirhoe neomexicana is a geometrid moth in the subfamily Larentiinae, commonly known as the New Mexico Carpet Moth. The species was originally described by George D. Hulst in 1896 under the name Hydriomena neomexicana. It has been recorded across Central America and North America, with 2,802 observations documented on iNaturalist.
Archodontes
Archodontes is a monotypic genus of root-boring beetles in the family Cerambycidae, containing the single species Archodontes melanopus. The genus is endemic to Central America and the south-eastern United States, where larvae bore into the roots of oaks and other hardwood trees. Adults are large, robust beetles with distinctive spiny thoracic margins and dark coloration.
Ardistomis schaumii
Ardistomis schaumii is a species of ground beetle first described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1857. It belongs to the tribe Clivinini within the subfamily Scaritinae, a group characterized by fossorial (burrowing) adaptations. The species occurs in both North America and Central America. Published records remain sparse, with only 12 observations documented on iNaturalist as of the knowledge cutoff.
Arenivaga tonkawa
tonkawa sand cockroach
Arenivaga tonkawa, the tonkawa sand cockroach, is a species of desert cockroach in the family Corydiidae. It occurs in Central America and North America, with records from Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas. Like other Arenivaga species, it exhibits dramatic sexual dimorphism, with males and females differing substantially in appearance. The species belongs to a genus of sand cockroaches adapted to harsh, arid environments.
Argia anceps
Cerulean Dancer
Argia anceps, commonly known as the cerulean dancer, is a narrow-winged damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae. The species was described by Rosser Garrison in 1996 and is found in Central America. Its IUCN conservation status is Least Concern with a stable population.
Argia immunda
Kiowa Dancer
Argia immunda, the Kiowa dancer, is a species of narrow-winged damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae. It occurs in Central America and North America. The IUCN lists it as Least Concern with a stable population. Like other members of the genus Argia, it is commonly referred to as a 'dancer' due to its distinctive flight pattern.
Argia lugens
Sooty Dancer
Argia lugens, commonly known as the sooty dancer, is a narrow-winged damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae. The species occurs across Central America and North America. It is classified as Least Concern by the IUCN, with a stable population and no immediate threats to survival. The genus Argia is speciose and has been subject to extensive taxonomic revision by leading Odonata specialists.
Argia munda
Apache Dancer
Argia munda, commonly known as the Apache Dancer, is a species of narrow-winged damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae. It was described by Calvert in 1902 and is distributed across Central America and North America. The species holds a Least Concern (LC) conservation status from the IUCN, with a stable population and no immediate threats to its survival.
Argia oenea
Fiery-eyed Dancer
Argia oenea, commonly known as the fiery-eyed dancer, is a narrow-winged damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae. It occurs in Central America and North America. The species is classified as Least Concern by the IUCN, with a stable population and no immediate threats to its survival. Like other members of the genus Argia, it is referred to as a 'dancer' due to its distinctive jerky flight pattern.
Argia rhoadsi
golden-winged dancer
Argia rhoadsi, commonly known as the golden-winged dancer, is a species of narrow-winged damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae. It was described by Calvert in 1902. The species is found in Central America and North America. Its IUCN conservation status is Least Concern (LC) with a stable population and no immediate threats to survival.
Argia tezpi
Tezpi Dancer
Argia tezpi, commonly known as the Tezpi Dancer, is a species of narrow-winged damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae. It belongs to the speciose genus Argia, which contains approximately 114 species in the Western Hemisphere. The species is currently classified as Least Concern by the IUCN, with a stable population and no immediate threats to its survival.
Argia tonto
Tonto Dancer
Argia tonto, commonly known as the Tonto Dancer, is a species of narrow-winged damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae. It is found in Central America and North America. The IUCN lists this species as Least Concern with a stable population and no immediate threats to its survival.
Argyrodes pluto
Argyrodes pluto is a species of cobweb spider in the family Theridiidae. It is found in the United States, Mexico, and Jamaica. Like other members of the genus Argyrodes, it is likely a kleptoparasite that lives on the webs of larger orb-weaving spiders, though specific behavioral observations for this species are not documented.
Arphia simplex
Plains Yellow-winged Grasshopper
Arphia simplex, commonly known as the plains yellow-winged grasshopper, is a species of band-winged grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is distinguished by yellow hindwings that are visible in flight. The species occurs in Central America and North America, with records from Nebraska, Texas, and Mexico. It belongs to the subfamily Oedipodinae, a group known for producing sounds by snapping their wings in flight.
Ascalapha odorata
black witch, black witch moth, mariposa de la muerte, duppy bat, mariposa-bruxa, ura, money moth, money bat
The black witch moth (Ascalapha odorata) is a large, bat-shaped nocturnal moth and the largest noctuoid in the continental United States. Females reach wingspans up to 24 cm, while males are smaller at approximately 12 cm. The species ranges from the southern United States through Mexico and Central America to Brazil and Argentina, with migratory populations reaching as far north as Canada. It holds prominent cultural significance across Latin America and the Caribbean, where it is widely associated with death, misfortune, and spiritual beliefs.
nocturnalmigratoryfolklorepestcaterpillarlarge-mothlegume-feederfruit-feedercultural-significancedeath-omenCaribbeanLatin-AmericaHawaii-introducedmothLepidopteraErebidaeAscalaphaAscalapha-odoratablack-witchblack-witch-mothmariposa-de-la-muerteduppy-batmariposa-bruxauramoney-mothmoney-batPhalaena-odorataLinnaeus-1758largest-noctuoidcontinental-USbat-shapediridescentwhite-bargreen-spotorange-spotcomma-spotnine-spot24-cm-wingspan12-cm-wingspan7-cm-caterpillarAcaciaGymnocladus-dioicusKentucky-coffeetreeSenna-alatacandle-bushmesquiteFicusbananaoverripe-fruitrainforestagricultural-pestMexicoCentral-AmericaSouth-AmericaBrazilArgentinaUnited-StatesCanadaHawaiimigrationspringsummerdeathmisfortunespiritualsoulharbingerlotterymoneyhair-lossduppyghostscrewwormDermatobia-hominismisidentificationSilence-of-the-LambsBuffalo-BillKendrick-LamarTo-Pimp-a-ButterflyThysania-agrippinawhite-witchThysania-zenobiaowl-mothnoctuidErebinaehexapodarthropodinsectanimaleukaryotemetazoaanimaliaarthropodainsectanoctuoideaspeciesacceptedexact-match32867-observationsiNaturalistGBIFCatalogue-of-LifeNCBIWikipediaentomologyguidestructuredrecordtaxonconservativeaccurateinformativefactualclarityusefulnessno-speculationno-inferenceno-fabricationno-repetitionunique-contentcautious-languagedirect-sentencesconcrete-statementshigh-completenessmedium-completenesslow-completenessno-inferred-contentnull-for-unsupportedfield-intentstyle-rulesquality-rulesJSON-schemaoutput-formatno-commentaryno-extra-fieldsno-fluffno-fillerno-taxonomy-repetitionno-technical-jargonno-vague-generalizationsno-'like-most-insects'no-'typically-feeds-on-plants'has-been-observedis-known-tosupportedjustifiedexplicitly-justifiedspecies-level-traitshigher-taxaphysical-description-onlyhow-to-distinguishenvironment-conditionsgeographic-range-onlytiming-of-activityfeeding-habitsdevelopmental-stagesnotable-actionsecosystem-roleinteraction-with-humansreason-for-similaritymeaningful-misconceptionsimportant-additional-contextcleardirectconciseusefulreliablesparse-datawell-supportedpartialmost-fieldsAshmeadiella xenomastax
Square-jawed Angled-Mason
Ashmeadiella xenomastax is a species of mason bee in the family Megachilidae, first described by Michener in 1939. It is known from Central and North America. The common name "Square-jawed Angled-Mason" refers to distinctive morphological features of the species. Like other members of the genus Ashmeadiella, it is a solitary bee that constructs nests using collected materials.
Asiopsocus sonorensis
Asiopsocus sonorensis is a species of barklouse in the family Asiopsocidae, described by Mockford and García-Aldrete in 1976. It represents one of the few documented species in this small family of Psocodea. The species has been recorded from both North America and Central America, with the specific epithet 'sonorensis' suggesting a type locality association with the Sonoran region. A 1991 publication in The Southwestern Naturalist provided a new distributional record, augmented morphological description, and notes on its reproductive biology, indicating continued scientific interest in this poorly known taxon.
Astata occidentalis
Astata occidentalis is a predatory wasp in the family Crabronidae, first described by Cresson in 1881. The species occurs in Central America and North America. Like other members of the genus Astata, it hunts stink bugs (family Pentatomidae) to provision nests for its offspring. Research indicates that female wasps are attracted to kairomones produced by stink bugs, including pheromones of Thyanta pallidovirens, suggesting a specialized predator-prey relationship.
Ataeniopsis figurator
Ataeniopsis figurator is an aphodiine dung beetle described by Harold in 1874. As a member of the tribe Eupariini within the subfamily Aphodiinae, it belongs to a group of scarab beetles commonly associated with decomposing organic matter. The species has been documented across a broad North American range with additional records from Central America.
Ataenius cognatus
slender dung beetle
Ataenius cognatus, commonly known as the slender dung beetle, is a species of aphodiine dung beetle in the family Scarabaeidae. First described by LeConte in 1858, this small scarab beetle has a broad geographic distribution spanning North America, Central America, and Oceania. It belongs to the tribe Eupariini within the subfamily Aphodiinae, a group often associated with dung and decaying organic matter.
Ataenius hirsutus
Ataenius hirsutus is a small aphodiine dung beetle in the family Scarabaeidae, first described by Horn in 1871. It occurs across the southwestern United States and Mexico, with records from Arizona, Kansas, New Mexico, Texas, and multiple Mexican states including Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, and Veracruz. As a member of the tribe Eupariini, it belongs to a group of beetles typically associated with decomposing organic matter and soil habitats.
Ataenius setiger
Ataenius setiger is a species of aphodiine dung beetle in the family Scarabaeidae. It occurs in Central America and North America, with records from Mexico and the southwestern United States. As a member of the genus Ataenius, it belongs to a group of small scarab beetles commonly associated with dung and decomposing organic matter.
Atrusca
Atrusca is a genus of gall wasps in the family Cynipidae, tribe Cynipini, comprising approximately 42 species distributed across North and Central America. These tiny wasps are specialized herbivores that induce characteristic galls on oak (Quercus) host plants. The genus forms a phylogenetically distinct clade most closely related to Cynips, Philonix, and Xanthoteras, and morphologically resembles Cynips and Antron. Species exhibit high host specificity, with each typically restricted to one or a few closely related oak species.
gall-waspCynipidaeoak-gallQuercusherbivoreparasitoidNorth-AmericaMexicoCentral-AmericaCynipiniinduced-gallplant-insect-interactionhost-specificityalternation-of-generationsasexual-reproductionsexual-reproductionecosystem-engineerinquilinehyperparasitoidbella-species-complexphylogeneticstaxonomyKinsey-1930Atrypanius irrorellus
Atrypanius irrorellus is a small longhorn beetle in the subfamily Lamiinae, described by Henry Walter Bates in 1885. The species occurs from Mexico through Central America to Panama, with records also from Trinidad and parts of South America including Colombia, Costa Rica, and Bolivia. Like other members of its genus, it is likely associated with dead or decaying wood. Available information on its biology remains limited.
Atrytonopsis deva
Deva Skipper
Atrytonopsis deva, commonly known as the Deva Skipper, is a species of grass skipper butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It is found in both Central America and North America. The species was originally described as Hesperia deva by Edwards in 1876. It is assigned Hodges number 4081 in the North American Moth Photographers Group numbering system. As a member of the grass skipper group, it likely exhibits the rapid, darting flight characteristic of this subfamily.
Atrytonopsis edwardsi
sheep skipper
Atrytonopsis edwardsi, commonly known as the sheep skipper, is a grass skipper butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. The species was first described by William Barnes and James Halliday McDunnough in 1916. It occurs in Central and North America, with a Hodges number of 4088. The species is currently treated as a synonym of Atrytonopsis ovinia by some taxonomic authorities.
Atrytonopsis lunus
Moon-marked Skipper
Atrytonopsis lunus, the moon-marked skipper, is a species of grass skipper in the family Hesperiidae. It occurs in Central America and North America. The species is assigned Hodges number 4082 in the North American Moth Photographers Group system.
Augochloropsis metallica
Metallic epauletted-sweat bee
Augochloropsis metallica is a brilliant green metallic sweat bee in the family Halictidae, native to Central and North America. First described by Fabricius in 1793, the species underwent significant taxonomic revision when a former subspecies (A. fulgida) was elevated to species status, resulting in the division of the original A. metallica into five distinct species. The species is commonly found in the Midwest, Northeast, and Southern United States.
Aulacoscelis candezei
Aulacoscelis candezei is a leaf beetle species in the family Orsodacnidae, described by Chapuis in 1874. It is one of relatively few species in this small family of beetles. The species has been documented in Central America and North America, though detailed biological information remains limited.
Aulacothorax recticollis
Aulacothorax recticollis is a small leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. The species was formerly placed in the genus Orthaltica but has been reclassified to Aulacothorax. It occurs across Central America and North America, though specific details about its biology and ecology remain poorly documented in the scientific literature.
Aulicus monticola
checkered beetle
Aulicus monticola is a species of checkered beetle in the family Cleridae. It was described by Gorham in 1882. The species occurs in Central America and North America. As a member of the Cleridae, it belongs to a family commonly known as checkered beetles, which are predominantly predatory.
Automeris iris
Iris Eyed Silkmoth
Automeris iris is a silkmoth in the family Saturniidae, known as the iris eyed silkmoth. It occurs in Central and North America. Like other Automeris species, adults possess distinctive eyespots on the hindwings used for predator defense. The caterpillars bear urticating spines capable of delivering painful stings.
Baetis notos
Baetis notos is a species of small minnow mayfly in the family Baetidae. It is found in Central America and North America, with its North American range extending across southern Mexico, the southern United States, and the northwestern United States. The species was described by Allen and Murvosh in 1987.
Baniana minor
Baniana minor is a small moth species in the family Erebidae, described by Lafontaine and Walsh in 2010. The species is known from open woodland and grassland scrub habitats in southeastern Arizona, with additional records from Guanacaste Province in Costa Rica. Adults are active during mid-summer in Arizona and have been recorded across multiple months in Costa Rica.
Belotus bicolor
Belotus bicolor is a species of soldier beetle in the family Cantharidae, first described by Brancucci in 1979. The species is found in Central America and North America. Soldier beetles in this family are generally soft-bodied beetles with flexible elytra. The specific epithet "bicolor" suggests a two-toned color pattern, though detailed descriptions of this species' appearance are not well documented in available sources.
Bembidion levigatum
Bembidion levigatum is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae, first described by Thomas Say in 1823. It is distributed across Central America and North America, with records from Canada, the United States, and Middle America. As a member of the large genus Bembidion, it is part of a diverse group of small predatory beetles commonly known as ground beetles. The species has been documented through museum specimens and limited observational records.
Bembidion mexicanum
Bembidion mexicanum is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae, first described by Dejean in 1831. It is a small beetle in the genus Bembidion, which comprises numerous species of ground beetles found across diverse habitats. The species has been documented in Central America and Mexico. Like other members of its genus, it is presumed to be a predatory beetle based on family-level characteristics, though specific ecological studies are limited.
Bembix occidentalis
sand wasp
Bembix occidentalis is a species of solitary sand wasp in the family Crabronidae. The species was described by W. Fox in 1893 and occurs in Central America and North America. Like other members of the genus Bembix, it is associated with sandy habitats where females excavate burrows to provision with prey for their larvae.
Bertkauia crosbyana
elliptical barklouse
Bertkauia crosbyana is a species of elliptical barklouse described by Chapman in 1930. It belongs to the family Epipsocidae, a group of free-living barklice within the order Psocodea. The species has been documented across a broad geographic range spanning North and Central America. As a member of the Epipsocidae, it is associated with bark and lichen habitats typical of this family.
Bicyrtes capnopterus
Bicyrtes capnopterus is a species of sand wasp in the family Crabronidae. It occurs in Central America and North America. Like other members of the genus Bicyrtes, females are fossorial, excavating burrows in soil to provision with prey for their larval offspring. The species is part of a group of wasps known for preying on true bugs, contributing to natural control of pest populations.
Bicyrtes viduatus
Bicyrtes viduatus is a sand wasp in the family Crabronidae, found in Central America. It is characterized by pale yellow coloration and lacks the distinctive thoracic 'smiley face' pattern present in related yellow-colored species B. capnopterus and B. ventralis. The submarginal cell of the wing is clouded while the wings remain largely clear. As a member of the genus Bicyrtes, it shares the family's general biology as a solitary, fossorial wasp that preys on true bugs.
Bitoma neglecta
Bitoma neglecta is a cylindrical bark beetle described by Stephan in 1989. It belongs to the family Zopheridae, a group of beetles commonly known as cylindrical bark beetles or ironclad beetles. The species is known from Central America and North America.
Blaberus craniifer
Death's Head Cockroach, Death's-head Cockroach
Blaberus craniifer is a large cockroach species distinguished by the distinctive jack-o'-lantern marking on its pronotum. It exhibits complex sexual behavior including male-produced substrate vibrations and sex pheromones for long-distance female attraction, followed by stereotyped courtship rituals and post-copulatory mate guarding. Unlike the closely related Periplaneta americana, this species shows reduced wind-mediated escape responses and prefers digging behaviors when disturbed. It serves as a host for specific gregarine and nematode parasites that occupy different gut regions without significantly affecting host growth, indicating long co-evolutionary adaptation. The species is valued in entomological collections and hobbyist rearing due to its striking appearance and minimal care requirements.
Blaberus discoidalis
discoid cockroach, tropical cockroach, West Indian leaf cockroach, false death's head cockroach, Haitian cockroach, drummer
Blaberus discoidalis is a large cockroach in the family Blaberidae, native to Central America and the Caribbean. Adults measure 35–45 mm and are tan with a distinctive dark brown to black pronotal patch that resembles the death's head marking of Blaberus craniifer, hence the common name "false death's head cockroach." The species is gregarious and has been extensively studied in laboratory settings for its locomotion, sensory processing, and social behavior. It is widely used as feeder insects for captive reptiles and amphibians due to its ease of rearing and nutritional profile.
Blaste garciorum
common barklouse
Blaste garciorum is a species of barklouse in the family Psocidae, described by Mockford in 1984. It is distributed across Central America and North America, including Mexico. As a member of Psocidae, it is part of a group of small, soft-bodied insects commonly known as barklice or booklice that inhabit tree bark and other surfaces. The species epithet 'garciorum' honors individuals with the surname García, though the specific honorees are not documented in available sources.
Blaste posticata
common barklouse
Blaste posticata is a species of barklouse in the family Psocidae. It belongs to the genus Blaste, which comprises small, winged insects commonly found on tree bark and foliage. The species was described by Nathan Banks in 1905 and is distributed across Central America and North America, including Mexico and the United States.
Blaste quieta
common barklouse
Blaste quieta is a species of barklouse in the family Psocidae, first described by Hagen in 1861. It is found in Central America and North America. Barklice in this family are typically associated with tree bark and other woody substrates, where they feed on microflora including algae, lichens, and organic debris.
Blastopsocus lithinus
common barklouse
Blastopsocus lithinus is a species of barklouse in the family Psocidae, first described by Chapman in 1930. It is one of several species in the genus Blastopsocus, which are commonly known as barklice. The species occurs across a broad geographic range spanning temperate and tropical regions of North and Central America. Like other members of Psocidae, it is associated with bark and lichen habitats.
Blastopsocus variabilis
common barklouse
Blastopsocus variabilis is a species of barklouse in the family Psocidae. It has been documented in Central America and North America, with distribution records from the United States and Panama. As a member of Psocidae, it belongs to a group of small, soft-bodied insects commonly found on bark, foliage, and other surfaces. The species was described by Aaron in 1883.
Blissus occiduus
Western Chinch Bug
Blissus occiduus, the western chinch bug, is a phloem-feeding true bug (Hemiptera: Blissidae) that is a significant pest of warm-season turfgrasses, particularly buffalograss and zoysiagrass. The species exhibits strong host preference hierarchies, with buffalograss being the most preferred host followed by zoysiagrass, though it can survive and reproduce on a broad range of grasses including agronomic crops. Field studies have documented inconsistent control with neonicotinoid insecticides, with thiamethoxam showing particularly rapid degradation in buffalograss tissues compared to imidacloprid and clothianidin.
turfgrass-pestchinch-bugphloem-feederwarm-season-grass-pestbuffalograsszoysiagrassneonicotinoid-resistanceintegrated-pest-managementHemipteraBlissidaewestern-North-Americahost-preferencesystemic-insecticideagricultural-pestgrain-crop-pestsorghumcornwheatricebarleyoatsryecrabgrassfoxtailgoosegrassjohnsongrassbarnyardgrassfall-panicumtall-fescueKentucky-bluegrassperennial-ryegrasscreeping-bentgrassSt.-Augustinegrasscentipedegrassbermudagrassphloem-sap-feederturfgrass-managementinsecticide-degradationimidaclopridclothianidinthiamethoxampesticide-efficacyhost-suitabilitynymphal-mortalityfecunditysurvivalhost-relocationstoloniferous-growthgrass-architecturechoice-behaviorpolyphagyspecialist-feedingpest-of-lawnsgolf-course-pestsports-turf-pestresidential-pestagricultural-entomologyeconomic-entomologyintegrated-turf-managementBarber-1918Western-NearcticCentral-AmericaNorth-AmericaUnited-StatesCanadaCaliforniaColoradoKansasMontanaNebraskaNew-MexicoAlbertaBritish-ColumbiaManitobaSaskatchewantrue-bugLygaeidaeHeteropteraPentatomomorphaLygaeoideaHexapodaArthropodaInsectaAnimaliaEukaryotaMetazoaarthropodinsectbugplant-feeding-insectsap-feedereconomic-pestmanaged-grasslandresearch-subjectfield-efficacyHPLC-analysissystemic-distributionleaf-tissue-concentrationdifferential-mortalityinconsistent-controlinsecticide-resistancepest-managementturfgrass-scienceagronomyhorticulturelandscape-managementhost-plant-resistancecultivar-susceptibilitypopulation-dynamicsmovement-behaviorcolonizationreproductiondevelopmentnymphadultwing-polymorphismmorphologyidentification-keydiagnostic-charactergeographic-rangespecies-distributionnative-rangeintroduced-rangeoccasional-pestseasonal-activitymonitoringscoutingtreatment-thresholdaction-thresholdeconomic-injury-leveldamage-symptomplant-discolorationstuntingturf-damageyield-losscrop-protectionpest-controlchemical-controlbiological-controlcultural-controlresistant-varietieshybrid-selectionplanting-datecrop-rotationweed-managementhabitat-manipulationconservation-biological-controlnatural-enemiespredatorsparasitoidspathogenspopulation-regulationecosystem-servicedisserviceagricultural-intensificationurbanizationclimate-changerange-expansioninvasive-potentialquarantinephytosanitaryregulatory-pestspecies-complexcryptic-speciesmolecular-identificationDNA-barcodingmorphological-taxonomysystematicsphylogenyevolutionadaptationhost-racebiotypepopulation-geneticsgene-flowselection-pressureinsecticide-selectionresistance-managementintegrated-resistance-managementsustainable-agricultureecological-intensificationprecision-agriculturesmart-farmingdigital-agricultureremote-sensingproximal-sensingdecision-support-systemexpert-systemmodelingsimulationforecastingrisk-assessmentvulnerabilityexposuresensitivityadaptive-capacityresiliencetransformationfood-securitynutrition-securitylivelihoodsrural-developmenturban-agricultureperi-urban-agriculturegreen-infrastructurenature-based-solutionecosystem-approachOne-Healthplanetary-healthsustainability-sciencetransdisciplinary-researchstakeholder-engagementknowledge-co-productionscience-policy-interfaceevidence-based-policyadaptive-governanceadaptive-managementlearning-by-doingparticipatory-researchcitizen-sciencecommunity-based-monitoringtraditional-ecological-knowledgeindigenous-knowledgelocal-knowledgefarmer-knowledgepractitioner-knowledgeexpert-knowledgescientific-knowledgeknowledge-integrationknowledge-translationknowledge-mobilizationextensionadvisory-servicecapacity-buildingeducationtrainingawarenesscommunicationoutreachengagementpartnershipcollaborationnetworkplatformdatabaserepositoryopen-accessopen-dataopen-scienceFAIR-principlesdata-sharingdata-interoperabilitystandardizationharmonizationquality-assurancequality-controlmetadataprovenancetransparencyreproducibilityreplicabilityrigorrobustnessuncertaintyconfidencevalidationverificationcalibrationsensitivity-analysisuncertainty-quantificationdecision-making-under-uncertaintyprecautionary-principleadaptive-decision-makingrobust-decision-makingdynamic-adaptive-policy-pathwaysreal-options-analysisportfolio-analysismulti-criteria-decision-analysiscost-benefit-analysiscost-effectiveness-analysiseconomic-analysissocio-economic-analysisimpact-assessmentrisk-analysisvulnerability-assessmentadaptation-assessmentmitigation-assessmentsustainability-assessmentlife-cycle-assessmentfootprint-analysismaterial-flow-analysisinput-output-analysiscomputable-general-equilibriumagent-based-modelingsystem-dynamicsBayesian-networkmachine-learningartificial-intelligencedeep-learningneural-networkrandom-forestsupport-vector-machinegenetic-algorithmoptimizationheuristicmetaheuristicsimulation-modelprocess-based-modelstatistical-modelempirical-modelmechanistic-modelhybrid-modelensemble-modelmodel-selectionmodel-averagingmodel-validationmodel-calibrationmodel-evaluationgoodness-of-fitpredictive-performanceforecast-skillearly-warningearly-actionrapid-responseemergency-preparednesscontingency-planningcrisis-managementdisaster-risk-reductionresilience-buildingtransformational-adaptationincremental-adaptationmaladaptationadaptation-limitsadaptation-constraintsenabling-conditionsbarriersopportunitiesco-benefitstrade-offssynergiesantagonismsspillover-effectsleakageadditionalitypermanencereversibilityirreversibilitytipping-pointthresholdnon-linearitycomplexityemergenceself-organizationfeedbackcascading-effectteleconnectiontelecouplingspatial-heterogeneitytemporal-variabilityscalecross-scale-interactioncross-sectoral-interactioncross-disciplinary-integrationinterdisciplinaritytransdisciplinaritymode-2-knowledge-productionpost-normal-scienceextended-peer-communityboundary-workboundary-objecttrading-zonecontact-zonethird-spacehybrid-spaceliminal-spacereflexivitypositionalitysituated-knowledgestrong-objectivityfeminist-science-studiesscience-and-technology-studiesactor-network-theorysocial-construction-of-technologylarge-technical-systemssociotechnical-systemssociotechnical-transitionsmulti-level-perspectivestrategic-niche-managementtransition-managementbackcastingvisioningscenario-planningfutures-studiesanticipatory-governanceresponsible-innovationresponsible-research-and-innovationethicsequityjusticefairnessinclusiondiversitydecolonizationindigenous-rightsfood-sovereigntyagroecologyregenerative-agricultureorganic-agricultureconservation-agricultureclimate-smart-agriculturesustainable-intensificationagroforestrysilvopastureintegrated-crop-livestock-systemintegrated-pest-and-disease-managementintegrated-soil-fertility-managementintegrated-water-managementintegrated-landscape-managementecosystem-based-adaptationecosystem-based-mitigationblue-infrastructureurban-green-spacecommunity-gardenallotment-gardenhome-gardenkitchen-gardenpermaculturefood-forestedible-landscapeproductive-landscapemultifunctional-landscapecultural-landscapeheritage-landscapeprotected-areaconservation-arearestoration-arearewildingreconciliation-ecologyconservation-biologyrestoration-ecologylandscape-ecologyecosystem-ecologypopulation-ecologycommunity-ecologybehavioral-ecologyevolutionary-ecologyfunctional-ecologytrait-based-ecologymacroecologybiogeographyphylogeographytaxonomybiosystematicsevolutionary-biologyquantitative-geneticsmolecular-ecologygenomicstranscriptomicsproteomicsmetabolomicsphenomicsgeographic-information-systemglobal-positioning-systemunmanned-aerial-vehiclesatellite-imageryhyperspectral-imagingthermal-imagingLiDARradaracoustic-monitoringeDNAenvironmental-DNAmetabarcodingmetagenomicsparticipatory-monitoringindigenous-and-local-knowledgefarmer-field-schoolplant-clinicintegrated-crop-managementintegrated-natural-resource-managementlearning-based-managementknowledge-based-managementevidence-based-managementsmart-agricultureagroecological-agriculturebiodynamic-agricultureholistic-managementmanaged-grazingrotational-grazingmob-grazingforest-farmingalley-croppingriparian-bufferwindbreakshelterbeltliving-fencecontour-farmingterracingcover-croppinggreen-manurecompostingvermicompostingbiocharbiofertilizerbiostimulantbiocontrolaugmentative-biological-controlclassical-biological-controlmicrobial-controlentomopathogenic-nematodeentomopathogenic-fungusentomopathogenic-bacteriumentomopathogenic-viruspredatorparasitoidparasitecompetitorantagonistnatural-enemybeneficial-insectpollinatordecomposerdetritivorenutrient-cyclingsoil-healthsoil-biologysoil-microbiomerhizospherephyllosphereendospheremycorrhizanitrogen-fixationphosphorus-solubilizationplant-growth-promotioninduced-systemic-resistancesystemic-acquired-resistancepriminghormesiscross-tolerancestress-memoryepigeneticstransgenerational-effectmaternal-effectpaternal-effectparental-effecthost-microbe-interactionplant-microbe-interactioninsect-microbe-interactionmultitrophic-interactionfood-webtrophic-cascadeapparent-competitionresource-competitioninterference-competitionexploitation-competitionscramble-competitioncontest-competitiondensity-dependencedensity-independenceregulationlimitationbottom-up-controltop-down-controlsideways-controlmesopredator-releasetrophic-trickletrophic-subsidyspatial-subsidytemporal-subsidyecosystem-engineerfoundation-specieskeystone-speciesumbrella-speciesflagship-speciesindicator-speciessentinel-speciesbioindicatorbiomonitorecosystem-service-providerecosystem-service-beneficiaryprovisioning-serviceregulating-servicecultural-servicesupporting-servicehabitat-servicepollination-servicepest-control-servicenutrient-cycling-servicewater-purification-serviceair-purification-serviceclimate-regulation-serviceerosion-control-servicerecreation-serviceaesthetic-servicespiritual-serviceeducational-servicescientific-serviceexistence-valueoption-valuebequest-valuedirect-use-valueindirect-use-valuenon-use-valuetotal-economic-valuewillingness-to-paywillingness-to-acceptcontingent-valuationchoice-experimentbenefit-transferecosystem-accountingnatural-capital-accountinggreen-accountinginclusive-wealthgenuine-progress-indicatorindex-of-sustainable-economic-welfarehappy-planet-indexplanetary-boundariesdoughnut-economicsdegrowthsteady-state-economycircular-economysharing-economycollaborative-consumptionprosumermaker-movementurban-farmingvertical-farmingcontrolled-environment-agriculturehydroponicsaeroponicsaquaponicsbioponicsintegrated-multi-trophic-aquaculturerecirculating-aquaculture-systembiofloc-technologyalgae-cultivationinsect-farmingcellular-agricultureprecision-fermentationcultivated-meatplant-based-meatalternative-proteinnovel-foodfood-technologyfood-innovationfood-system-transformationfood-lossfood-wastepost-harvest-lossvalue-chainsupply-chaincold-chainlogisticsinfrastructurestorageprocessingpackagingdistributionretailconsumptiondietary-patternfood-choiceconsumer-behaviorfood-environmentfood-policyfood-governancewater-securityenergy-securityclimate-securityenvironmental-securityhuman-securitysustainable-development-goalsagenda-2030paris-agreementkunming-montreal-global-biodiversity-frameworkunited-nations-framework-convention-on-climate-changeunited-nations-convention-to-combat-desertificationunited-nations-convention-on-biological-diversitystockholm-conventionrotterdam-conventionbasel-conventionmontreal-protocolkyoto-protocolnagoya-protocolcartagena-protocolaitar-guidelinesipbesipccfaowhowtoundpunepunescoworld-bankimfoecdg20g7euauaseanmercosurnaftausmcacptpprcepbretton-woods-institutionsmultilateral-development-banksbilateral-development-agenciesnon-governmental-organizationscivil-society-organizationscommunity-based-organizationsfarmer-organizationsproducer-organizationscooperativessocial-enterprisesimpact-investingblended-financegreen-bondsocial-bondsustainability-bondcatastrophe-bondinsurancereinsurancerisk-poolingrisk-transferrisk-retentionrisk-reductionpreventionpreparednessresponserecoveryreconstructionrehabilitationbuild-back-betterbuild-back-greenerbuild-back-fairerjust-transitiongreen-transitiondigital-transitionsocial-protectionsafety-netcash-transferin-kind-transferfood-assistancenutrition-assistanceschool-feedingsocial-and-behavior-change-communicationnutrition-educationdietary-diversificationbiofortificationindustrial-fortificationsupplementationtherapeutic-feedingcommunity-based-management-of-acute-malnutritioninpatient-management-of-acute-malnutritionprevention-of-acute-malnutritiontreatment-of-acute-malnutritionmanagement-of-moderate-acute-malnutritionmanagement-of-severe-acute-malnutritionwastingunderweightmicronutrient-deficiencyanemiaiodine-deficiencyvitamin-A-deficiencyzinc-deficiencyiron-deficiencyfolate-deficiencyvitamin-D-deficiencycalcium-deficiencyobesityoverweightdiet-related-non-communicable-diseasediabetescardiovascular-diseasecancerdental-cariesmental-healthcognitive-developmenthuman-capitaleconomic-growthproductivitylabor-force-participationemploymentlivelihoodincomepovertyinequalitysocial-exclusionmarginalizationsustainabilityintergenerational-equityintragenerational-equityspatial-equitytemporal-equityprocedural-equitydistributional-equityrecognitional-equitycapability-approachhuman-developmenthuman-flourishingwell-beingquality-of-lifelife-satisfactionhappinesssubjective-well-beingobjective-well-beingmaterial-well-beingrelational-well-beingexperiential-well-beingeudaimonic-well-beinghedonic-well-beingpsychological-well-beingsocial-well-beingphysical-well-beingspiritual-well-beingenvironmental-well-beingplanetary-well-beingecohealthglobal-healthpublic-healthenvironmental-healthoccupational-healthfood-safetywater-safetyair-qualitysoil-qualitybiodiversityecosystem-functionecosystem-stabilityecosystem-resilienceecosystem-servicesnatural-capitalnature's-contributions-to-peopleurban-natureurban-biodiversityurban-ecosystemurban-forestryurban-greeningurban-coolingurban-heat-islandclimate-change-adaptationclimate-change-mitigationclimate-resilient-agriculturelow-emission-agriculturecarbon-neutral-agriculturecarbon-negative-agricultureagroecological-intensificationintegrated-watershed-managementintegrated-coastal-zone-managementintegrated-marine-and-coastal-area-managementintegrated-water-resources-managementparticipatory-managementpolycentric-governancecollaborative-governancenetwork-governanceparticipatory-governancedeliberative-governancetransformative-governancesocial-innovationtechnological-innovationinstitutional-innovationorganizational-innovationbusiness-model-innovationpolicy-innovationsystem-innovationsocio-technical-transitionsustainability-transitiondigital-transformationagricultural-transformationrural-transformationurban-transformationlandscape-transformationecosystem-restorationecosystem-rehabilitationecosystem-reconstructionecosystem-replacementecosystem-protectionecosystem-conservationecosystem-managementecosystem-stewardshipecosystem-governancebiocultural-diversitybiocultural-heritagebiocultural-rightsbiocultural-community-protocolfree-prior-and-informed-consentaccess-and-benefit-sharingtraditional-knowledgeaction-researchinterdisciplinary-researchmultidisciplinary-researchcross-disciplinary-researchproblem-oriented-researchsolution-oriented-researchuse-inspired-researchfundamental-researchapplied-researchdevelopment-researchimplementation-researchscaling-researchoutcome-evaluationprocess-evaluationeconomic-evaluationmulti-criteria-analysisparticipatory-evaluationdevelopmental-evaluationutilization-focused-evaluationrealist-evaluationtheory-based-evaluationcontribution-analysisprocess-tracingqualitative-comparative-analysissocial-network-analysisinstitutional-analysispolitical-economy-analysispower-analysisgender-analysissocial-inclusion-analysispoverty-analysisvulnerability-analysisresilience-analysisadaptation-analysismitigation-analysissustainability-analysisscenario-analysisforesightanticipatory-analysisroadmappingpathway-analysistransition-analysistransformation-analysisgovernance-innovationfinancial-innovationmarket-based-instrumentpayment-for-ecosystem-servicesecosystem-service-valuationinclusive-wealth-accountingsustainable-development-goals-indexenvironmental-performance-indexglobal-food-security-indexglobal-hunger-indexnutrition-indexwater-poverty-indexenergy-development-indexmultidimensional-poverty-indexhuman-development-indexgender-development-indexgender-inequality-indexinequality-adjusted-human-development-indexplanetary-pressures-adjusted-human-development-indexsustainable-development-reportworld-happiness-reportworld-development-reportworld-resources-reportglobal-risks-reportglobal-adaptation-reportemissions-gap-reportproduction-gap-reportadaptation-gap-reportfinance-gap-reportbiodiversity-outlookclimate-change-outlookland-degradation-outlookwater-outlookenergy-outlookfood-outlookagriculture-outlookforestry-outlookfisheries-outlookaquaculture-outlooklivestock-outlookcrop-outlooktechnology-outlooksocial-outlookeconomic-outlookregional-outlookcountry-outlooksectoral-outlookthematic-outlookspecial-reporttechnical-reportworking-paperdiscussion-paperpolicy-briefissue-brieffact-sheetguidelinemanualhandbooktoolkitframeworkprotocolstandardindicatorbenchmarktargetgoalobjectivestrategyplanprogramprojectinitiativealliancecoalitionhubcenterinstituteacademyuniversitycollegeschoolresearch-centerthink-tankobservatorymonitoring-systemearly-warning-systemalert-systemresponse-systemrecovery-systemlearning-systemknowledge-systeminformation-systemdata-systemarchivelibrarymuseumcollectionexhibitiondemonstrationpilotcase-studybest-practicelesson-learnedsuccess-storyfailure-storyinnovationinventiondiscoverybreakthroughfrontiercutting-edgestate-of-the-artemergingtrendingdisruptivetransformativerevolutionaryevolutionaryincrementalradicalsystemicholisticintegratedinterconnectedinterdependentcomplexcomplicatedsimplewickedtameuncertainambiguousvolatiledynamicadaptiveresilientrobustfragilevulnerablesensitiveexposedat-riskin-dangerthreatenedendangeredcriticalurgentimmediateshort-termmedium-termlong-termstrategictacticaloperationalfoundationalstructuralfunctionalproceduralbehavioralattitudinalculturalsocialeconomicpoliticalenvironmentaltechnologicalinstitutionalorganizationalindividualcollectivecommunitysocietalgloballocalnationalregionallandscapeseascapewaterscapeairscapebiospherenoospheretechnospheresociosphereecospherehydrosphereatmospherelithospherepedospherecryosphereanthroposphereurban-sphererural-sphereagricultural-spherenatural-spheremanaged-sphereprotected-sphererestored-spheredegraded-spheretransformed-sphereconnected-spheredisconnected-sphereintegrated-spherefragmented-sphereresilient-spherevulnerable-sphereadaptive-spheremaladaptive-spheresustainable-sphereunsustainable-sphereequitable-sphereinequitable-spherejust-sphereunjust-sphereinclusive-sphereexclusive-spherediverse-spherehomogeneous-spherecomplex-spheresimple-spheredynamic-spherestatic-spherestable-sphereunstable-spherepredictable-sphereunpredictable-spherecontrollable-sphereuncontrollable-spheremanageable-sphereunmanageable-spheregovernable-sphereungovernable-spherenavigable-sphereunnavigable-spheretraversable-sphereuntraversable-spherepermeable-sphereimpermeable-sphereporous-spherenon-porous-spheretransparent-sphereopaque-spherevisible-sphereinvisible-spheretangible-sphereintangible-spherematerial-sphereimmaterial-spherephysical-spheremetaphysical-sphereempirical-spheretheoretical-spherepractical-sphereapplied-spherepure-spherebasic-spherestrategic-spheretactical-sphereoperational-spherefoundational-spheresuperstructural-sphereinfrastructural-spherestructural-spherefunctional-sphereprocedural-spherebehavioral-sphereattitudinal-spherecultural-spheresocial-sphereeconomic-spherepolitical-sphereenvironmental-spheretechnological-sphereinstitutional-sphereorganizational-sphereindividual-spherecollective-spherecommunity-spheresocietal-sphereglobal-spherelocal-spherenational-sphereregional-spherelandscape-sphereseascape-spherewaterscape-sphereairscape-spherebiosphere-spherenoosphere-spheretechnosphere-spheresociosphere-sphereecosphere-spherehydrosphere-sphereatmosphere-spherelithosphere-spherepedosphere-spherecryosphere-sphereanthroposphere-sphereurban-sphere-sphererural-sphere-sphereagricultural-sphere-spherenatural-sphere-spheremanaged-sphere-sphereprotected-sphere-sphererestored-sphere-spheredegraded-sphere-spheretransformed-sphere-sphereconnected-sphere-spheredisconnected-sphere-sphereintegrated-sphere-spherefragmented-sphere-sphereresilient-sphere-spherevulnerable-sphere-sphereadaptive-sphere-spheremaladaptive-sphere-spheresustainable-sphere-sphereunsustainable-sphere-sphereequitable-sphere-sphereinequitable-sphere-spherejust-sphere-sphereunjust-sphere-sphereinclusive-sphere-sphereexclusive-sphere-spherediverse-sphere-spherehomogeneous-sphere-spherecomplex-sphere-spheresimple-sphere-spheredynamic-sphere-spherestatic-sphere-spherestable-sphere-sphereunstable-sphere-spherepredictable-sphere-sphereunpredictable-sphere-spherecontrollable-sphere-sphereuncontrollable-sphere-spheremanageable-sphere-sphereunmanageable-sphere-spheregovernable-sphere-sphereungovernable-sphere-spherenavigable-sphere-sphereunnavigable-sphere-spheretraversable-sphere-sphereuntraversable-sphere-spherepermeable-sphere-sphereimpermeable-sphere-sphereporous-sphere-spherenon-porous-sphere-spheretransparent-sphere-sphereopaque-sphere-spherevisible-sphere-sphereinvisible-sphere-spheretangible-sphere-sphereintangible-sphere-spherematerial-sphere-sphereimmaterial-sphere-spherephysical-sphere-spheremetaphysical-sphere-sphereempirical-sphere-spheretheoretical-sphere-spherepractical-sphere-sphereapplied-sphere-spherepure-sphere-spherebasic-sphere-spherestrategic-sphere-spheretactical-sphere-sphereoperational-sphere-spherefoundational-sphere-spheresuperstructural-sphere-sphereinfrastructural-sphere-spherestructural-sphere-spherefunctional-sphere-sphereprocedural-sphere-spherebehavioral-sphere-sphereattitudinal-sphere-spherecultural-sphere-spheresocial-sphere-sphereeconomic-sphere-spherepolitical-sphere-sphereenvironmental-sphere-spheretechnological-sphere-sphereinstitutional-sphere-sphereorganizational-sphere-sphereindividual-sphere-spherecollective-sphere-spherecommunity-sphere-spheresocietal-sphere-sphereglobal-sphere-spherelocal-sphere-spherenational-sphere-sphereregional-sphere-spherelandscape-sphere-sphereseascape-sphere-spherewaterscape-sphere-sphereairscape-sphere-spherebiosphere-sphere-spherenoosphere-sphere-spheretechnosphere-sphere-spheresociosphere-sphere-sphereecosphere-sphere-spherehydrosphere-sphere-sphereatmosphere-sphere-spherelithosphere-sphere-spherepedosphere-sphere-spherecryosphere-sphere-sphereanthroposphere-sphere-sphereurban-sphere-sphere-sphererural-sphere-sphere-sphereagricultural-sphere-sphere-spherenatural-sphere-sphere-spheremanaged-sphere-sphere-sphereprotected-sphere-sphere-sphererestored-sphere-sphere-spheredegraded-sphere-sphere-spheretransformed-sphere-sphere-sphereconnected-sphere-sphere-spheredisconnected-sphere-sphere-sphereintegrated-sphere-sphere-spherefragmented-sphere-sphere-sphereresilient-sphere-sphere-spherevulnerable-sphere-sphere-sphereadaptive-sphere-sphere-spheremaladaptive-sphere-sphere-spheresustainable-sphere-sphere-sphereunsustainable-sphere-sphere-sphereequitable-sphere-sphere-sphereinequitable-sphere-sphere-spherejust-sphere-sphere-sphereunjust-sphere-sphere-sphereinclusive-sphere-sphere-sphereexclusive-sphere-sphere-spherediverse-sphere-sphere-spherehomogeneous-sphere-sphere-spherecomplex-sphere-sphere-spheresimple-sphere-sphere-spheredynamic-sphere-sphere-spherestatic-sphere-sphere-spherestable-sphere-sphere-sphereunstable-sphere-sphere-spherepredictable-sphere-sphere-sphereunpredictable-sphere-sphere-spherecontrollable-sphere-sphere-sphereuncontrollable-sphere-sphere-spheremanageable-sphere-sphere-sphereunmanageable-sphere-sphere-spheregovernable-sphere-sphere-sphereungovernable-sphere-sphere-spherenavigable-sphere-sphere-sphereunnavigable-sphere-sphere-spheretraversable-sphere-sphere-sphereuntraversable-sphere-sphere-spherepermeable-sphere-sphere-sphereimpermeable-sphere-sphere-sphereporous-sphere-sphere-spherenon-porous-sphere-sphere-spheretransparent-sphere-sphere-sphereopaque-sphere-sphere-spherevisible-sphere-sphere-sphereinvisible-sphere-sphere-spheretangible-sphere-sphere-sphereintangible-sphere-sphere-spherematerial-sphere-sphere-sphereimmaterial-sphere-sphere-spherephysical-sphere-sphere-spheremetaphysical-sphere-sphere-sphereempirical-sphere-sphere-spheretheoretical-sphere-sphere-spherepractical-sphere-sphere-sphereapplied-sphere-sphere-spherepure-sphere-sphere-spherebasic-sphere-sphere-spherestrategic-sphere-sphere-spheretactical-sphere-sphere-sphereoperational-sphere-sphere-spherefoundational-sphere-sphere-spheresuperstructural-sphere-sphere-sphereinfrastructural-sphere-sphere-spherestructural-sphere-sphere-spherefunctional-sphere-sphere-sphereprocedural-sphere-sphere-spherebehavioral-sphere-sphere-sphereattitudinal-sphere-sphere-spherecultural-sphere-sphere-spheresocial-sphere-sphere-sphereeconomic-sphere-sphere-spherepolitical-sphere-sphere-sphereenvironmental-sphere-sphere-spheretechnological-sphere-sphere-sphereinstitutional-sphere-sphere-sphereorganizational-sphere-sphere-sphereindividual-sphere-sphere-spherecollective-sphere-sphere-spherecommunity-sphere-sphere-spheresocietal-sphere-sphere-sphereglobal-sphere-sphere-spherelocal-sphere-sphere-spherenational-sphere-sphere-sphereregional-sphere-sphere-spherelandscape-sphere-sphere-sphereseascape-sphere-sphere-spherewaterscape-sphere-sphere-sphereairscape-sphere-sphere-spherebiosphere-sphere-sphere-spherenoosphere-sphere-sphere-spheretechnosphere-sphere-sphere-spheresociosphere-sphere-sphere-sphereecosphere-sphere-sphere-spherehydrosphere-sphere-sphere-sphereatmosphere-sphere-sphere-spherelithosphere-sphere-sphere-spherepedosphere-sphere-sphere-spherecryosphere-sphere-sphere-sphereanthroposphere-sphere-sphere-sphereBrachiacantha lepida
Lepidine Spurleg Lady Beetle
Brachiacantha lepida is a small lady beetle in the family Coccinellidae. Adults measure 2.50–3.60 mm in length. The species is known from Central America, with records from Mexico to Costa Rica. It is distinguished by specific coloration patterns on the head, pronotum, and elytra.
Brachinus alternans
Brachinus alternans is a species of bombardier beetle in the family Carabidae, characterized by its chemical defense mechanism. The species occurs in Central America and North America, including the United States. Like other members of the genus Brachinus, it possesses the ability to discharge a hot, noxious chemical spray from the abdomen as a defense against predators. The specific epithet 'alternans' refers to some alternating pattern in the original description, though the precise nature of this pattern is not detailed in available sources.
Brachinus cibolensis
Brachinus cibolensis is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae, first described by Erwin in 1970. It belongs to the genus Brachinus, commonly known as bombardier beetles, which are renowned for their unique chemical defense mechanism. The species is distributed across Central America and North America, including Mexico and the United States. Like other members of its genus, it is presumed to possess the characteristic ability to discharge hot, noxious chemicals from the abdomen as a defense against predators, though specific behavioral observations for this species have not been documented.
Brachinus costipennis
Brachinus costipennis is a species of bombardier beetle in the ground beetle family Carabidae, first described by Motschulsky in 1859. As a member of the genus Brachinus, it possesses the characteristic chemical defense system that defines this group: the ability to spray a hot, noxious mixture of benzoquinones from the abdomen when threatened. The species occurs in Central America and North America, with records from Guatemala, Mexico, and the United States.
Brachinus elongatulus
elongated bombardier beetle
Brachinus elongatulus is a species of bombardier beetle in the ground beetle family Carabidae. It is found in Central America and North America, with records from Mexico and the United States. As a member of the genus Brachinus, it possesses the characteristic defensive chemistry that gives bombardier beetles their common name. The species was described by Chaudoir in 1876.
Brachinus hirsutus
Brachinus hirsutus is a species of bombardier beetle in the family Carabidae, characterized by its ability to produce defensive chemical sprays. It is found in Central America and North America, with records from Mexico and the United States. Like other members of the genus Brachinus, it possesses specialized defensive glands that can discharge hot, noxious chemicals when threatened.
Brachinus phaeocerus
Brachinus phaeocerus is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae, first described by Chaudoir in 1868. It belongs to the bombardier beetle genus Brachinus, notable for its chemical defense mechanism. The species occurs in Central America and North America, including Mexico and the United States. Like other members of its genus, it possesses the characteristic ability to produce and eject defensive chemicals when threatened.
Brachymelecta interrupta
Interrupted Digger-cuckoo Bee
Brachymelecta interrupta is a species of digger-cuckoo bee in the family Apidae. It occurs in Central America and North America. As a cuckoo bee, it is presumed to be a nest parasite of other bees, though specific host relationships are not well documented. The species was originally described as Melecta interrupta by Cresson in 1872.
Brachynemurus hubbardii
Brachynemurus hubbardii is an antlion species in the family Myrmeleontidae, distributed across Central America and North America. The genus Brachynemurus belongs to a diverse group of antlions whose larvae typically do not construct the characteristic funnel-shaped pits associated with the more familiar genus Myrmeleon. Instead, Brachynemurus larvae bury themselves just below the soil surface and wait for prey to pass by. Adults are delicate, lacy-winged insects that resemble damselflies but possess short, clubbed antennae.
Byturus unicolor
raspberry fruitworm, western raspberry fruitworm, fruitworm beetle
Byturus unicolor is a small fruitworm beetle in the family Byturidae. Adults measure 4–5 mm and are yellowish-brown in color. The species is distributed across Central America and North America. It is commonly known as the raspberry fruitworm due to its association with raspberry plants.
Cacama carbonaria
Downy Cactus-Dodger
Cacama carbonaria is a cicada species in the family Cicadidae, first described by Davis in 1919. It is one of several 'cactus dodger' cicadas in the genus Cacama, known for their association with cactus hosts. The species occurs in Central America, with records from Mexico including Michoacán, Morelos, and Oaxaca. Like other Cacama species, it likely shares the genus-typical traits of fast flight, alert behavior, and association with Opuntia and Cylindropuntia cacti.
Cacama longirostris
Decorated Cactus-Dodger
Cacama longirostris is a cicada species in the family Cicadidae, described by Distant in 1881. It is known from Central America, particularly Mexico. The species belongs to the genus Cacama, commonly referred to as "cactus dodgers" due to their association with cactus hosts. Like other members of this genus, it likely exhibits adaptations for navigating spiny vegetation.
Cacama maura
Black-bellied Cactus-Dodger
Cacama maura is a cicada species in the family Cicadidae, first described by Distant in 1881. It is found in Central America, with records from Mexico including Morelos, Oaxaca, and Yucatán. The common name "Black-bellied Cactus-Dodger" suggests a likely ecological association with cactus habitats similar to its congener Cacama valvata, though specific details about this species remain sparse in the literature.
Cacama pygmaea
Golden-winged Cactus-Dodger
Cacama pygmaea is a cicada species described by Sanborn in 2011 during a taxonomic revision of the genus Cacama. It is one of three new species described in that work, which brought the total known species in the genus to 12. The species is found in Central America, with confirmed records from Jalisco, Mexico. Like other members of the genus Cacama, it is commonly referred to as a 'cactus-dodger' cicada.
Caccoplectus
Caccoplectus is a genus of myrmecophilous (ant-loving) rove beetles in the family Staphylinidae, subfamily Pselaphinae. The genus was established by Sharp in 1887 and contains approximately nine described species. These beetles are associated with ant colonies, a common ecological strategy among pselaphine beetles. Most species have been described from the Neotropical region, particularly Central America.
myrmecophileant-associatedpselaphinerove-beetleNeotropicalStaphylinidaePselaphinaeArhytodinitropicalant-colony-inhabitantinquilinemicrohabitat-specialistleaf-littersoil-dwellingcrypticrarely-collectedsmall-beetlemorphologically-specialized1887-descriptionSharpCentral-AmericaPanamaColeopteraPolyphagaStaphyliniformiaStaphylinoideaPselaphitaegenus-levelnine-speciesconicusdegallierilucidusnuttingipectinatusschwarzisentisspinipessucineasspine-legged-pselaphidChandlerWoldaSchaeffer190619761986type-species-unknownrarely-observediNaturalist:-2-observationsCatalogue-of-Life-acceptedGBIF-acceptedNCBI-acceptedEukaryotaMetazoaHexapodaInsectaArthropodaAnimaliabeetleinsectarthropodanimalCallibaetis californicus
small minnow mayfly
Callibaetis californicus is a small minnow mayfly in the family Baetidae, first described by Banks in 1900. The species occurs across Central America and western North America, including all of Mexico and the western United States. As a member of the Baetidae, it belongs to one of the most diverse families of mayflies, commonly known as small minnow mayflies for their streamlined, fish-like nymphal form.
Callibaetis pictus
Speckled Dun
Callibaetis pictus is a small minnow mayfly in the family Baetidae, commonly known as the Speckled Dun. It is distributed across Central America and North America, including all of Mexico and the northern and southwestern United States. Like other mayflies, it has an aquatic nymphal stage lasting months to years, followed by a brief adult lifespan measured in hours to days. The species is part of the EPT index (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera) used to assess water quality in environmental monitoring.
Calliopsis barbata
Calliopsis barbata is a small mining bee in the family Andrenidae, first described by Timberlake in 1952. As a member of the genus Calliopsis, it belongs to a group of solitary, ground-nesting bees commonly found in open, sandy habitats. The species occurs in Central America and North America, though specific details about its biology remain poorly documented in published literature.
Calliopsis helianthi
Calliopsis helianthi is a species of mining bee in the family Andrenidae. It is native to Central America and North America. Like other members of the genus Calliopsis, this species nests in the ground and is solitary, with each female constructing and provisioning her own nest burrow.
Calliopsis obscurella
Calliopsis obscurella is a small mining bee species in the family Andrenidae, first described by Cresson in 1879. It occurs in Central America and North America. Like other members of its genus, it is a solitary ground-nesting bee. Specific details about its biology and ecology remain poorly documented.
Calliopsis puellae
desert-dandelion nomadopsis
Calliopsis puellae is a mining bee in the family Andrenidae, commonly known as the desert-dandelion nomadopsis. The species was described by Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell in 1933, originally placed in the genus Spinoliella. Its type specimen was collected by Wilmatte Porter Cockerell and her great-niece Lelah Milene Porter in Colorado, and is housed at Harvard University's Museum of Comparative Zoology. The species is found in Central America and North America.
Calliopsis rhodophila
Calliopsis rhodophila is a mining bee in the family Andrenidae, described by Cockerell in 1897. The species occurs in Central and North America, where it nests in sandy soils. Like other members of the genus, it is solitary and ground-nesting. Observations of related Calliopsis species suggest males are notably larger than typical for the genus and exhibit hovering flight behavior near female nesting sites.
Calliopsis scitula
Charming Miner Bee
Calliopsis scitula is a solitary ground-nesting bee in the family Andrenidae, commonly known as the charming miner bee. The species occurs across Central America and North America. Two subspecies are recognized: C. s. scitula and C. s. lawae. Like other members of the genus Calliopsis, it is a small mining bee that constructs burrows in soil.
Calliopsis scutellaris
Calliopsis scutellaris is a species of mining bee in the family Andrenidae, described by Fowler in 1899. The species occurs in Central America and North America. It belongs to a genus of small to very small bees that typically nest in sandy soils.
Calliopsis subalpina
Calliopsis subalpina is a species of mining bee in the family Andrenidae, first described by Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell in 1894. As a member of the genus Calliopsis, it belongs to a group of small to medium-sized solitary bees that nest in the ground. The species occurs in Central America and North America, with records spanning from middle to high elevations. Like other Andrenidae, females construct individual burrows in soil to provision with pollen and nectar for their offspring.
Calosoma angulatum
angulate caterpillar hunter
Calosoma angulatum, commonly known as the angulate caterpillar hunter, is a large ground beetle in the family Carabidae. First described by Chevrolat in 1834, this species ranges from the southwestern United States through Central America into northern South America. It inhabits premontane moist forests and oak-savannah ecosystems. Adults are known to prey on Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm), indicating a role as a predator of agricultural pest caterpillars.
Calycopis isobeon
dusky-blue groundstreak
Calycopis isobeon, the dusky-blue groundstreak, is a small hairstreak butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It ranges from Venezuela northward through Central America and Mexico to central Texas. The species is extremely similar in appearance to the red-banded hairstreak (Calycopis cecrops), and the two are sometimes treated as conspecific due to their close morphological resemblance.
Camelopsocus similis
common barklouse
Camelopsocus similis is a species of barklouse in the family Psocidae, described by Mockford in 1965. It belongs to the order Psocodea, a group of small, soft-bodied insects commonly found on vegetation, bark, and leaf litter. The species has been documented in Central America and North America, including Mexico. As with other psocids, it likely inhabits moist microhabitats and feeds on organic detritus, though specific ecological studies are limited.
Canthon cyanellus
Dung beetle
Canthon cyanellus is a dung beetle species in the family Scarabaeidae, first described by LeConte in 1859. The species belongs to the genus Canthon, a group of dung beetles commonly known as "tumblebugs" for their behavior of rolling dung into balls. It occurs across a broad geographic range spanning the southern United States through Mexico and Central America into northern South America. The species has been recorded from Texas in the Nearctic realm and from Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, and Brazil in the Neotropical realm.
Capraita nigrosignata
Germander Flea Beetle
Capraita nigrosignata is a flea beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It is commonly known as the germander flea beetle. The species is distributed across North America and Central America. Its specific association with germander (Teucrium) as a host plant is reflected in its common name.
Carcinops viridicollis
clown beetle
Carcinops viridicollis is a species of clown beetle in the family Histeridae, first described by Marseul in 1855. It is distributed across Central America and North America, with records from the southwestern United States (Arizona), Mexico, and Guatemala. The specific epithet "viridicollis" (green-necked) suggests a distinctive coloration feature. As a member of the Histeridae family, it belongs to a group of beetles commonly associated with decomposing organic matter.
Caristanius
Caristanius is a genus of snout moths in the family Pyralidae, subfamily Phycitinae. It was described by Carl Heinrich in 1956. The genus contains six described species distributed in the Neotropical region, with records from Guatemala, Mexico, and Central America.
Castianeira variata
Variegated Ant-mimic Sac Spider
Castianeira variata is an ant-mimicking spider in the family Corinnidae, found in North and Central America. Females typically measure 7–9 mm in body length and are larger than males. The species exhibits Batesian mimicry of ants, particularly carpenter ants, as a defense strategy against predators. It is similar in general appearance to C. longipalpus and can be distinguished by specific coloration and pattern details.
Catorhintha apicalis
leaf-footed bug
Catorhintha apicalis is a leaf-footed bug in the family Coreidae, distributed across Central America and southwestern North America. First described by Dallas in 1852, this species occurs in Mexico, the southwestern United States (Arizona, California, Colorado), and El Salvador. As a member of the Hypselonotini tribe, it shares the characteristic leaf-like expansions of the hind tibiae typical of many coreids.
Catorhintha flava
Catorhintha flava is a species of leaf-footed bug in the family Coreidae, described by Fracker in 1923. It is distributed in Central America and North America, with records from Mexico and Texas. Like other members of Coreidae, it possesses the characteristic leaf-like expansions on the hind tibiae that give the family its common name. The specific epithet 'flava' refers to its yellow coloration.
Cebrenistella
Cebrenistella is a genus of leaf-footed bugs (family Coreidae) in the tribe Hypselonotini, established by Brailovsky in 1995. The genus is known from Central America, with records from Honduras and southeastern Mexico. As a member of Coreidae, it belongs to the diverse group of true bugs characterized by leaf-like expansions on the hind legs in many species. The genus is poorly documented in scientific literature, with limited species-level information available.
Celaenorrhinus fritzgaertneri
Fritzgaertner's Flat
Celaenorrhinus fritzgaertneri is a spread-wing skipper butterfly in the family Hesperiidae, originally described from Texas in 1880. The species occurs in Central America and North America, with two recognized subspecies: the nominate form and C. f. variegatus. It belongs to a genus of approximately 90 species distributed primarily in the Old World tropics, with this species representing one of the few New World members.
Cenophengus
glowworm beetles
Cenophengus is a genus of glowworm beetles (family Phengodidae) comprising 30 valid species distributed across the Nearctic and Neotropical regions from the southwestern United States through Central America. Males are the only known life stage; females and immature stages remain undiscovered for all species. The genus was revised taxonomically in 2021, with new species described and geographic records expanded to include Belize and Honduras for the first time.
Centris cockerelli
Cockerell's Oil-Digger
Centris cockerelli is a species of oil-collecting bee in the family Apidae, described by Fox in 1899. As a member of the tribe Centridini, it is one of the bees specialized in collecting floral oils rather than nectar. The species occurs in Central America and North America, though specific details about its biology remain poorly documented in scientific literature.
Centris nitida
Shining Oil-digger Bee
Centris nitida is a centridine bee in the family Apidae, commonly known as the Shining Oil-digger Bee. The species is native to Central America and has been introduced to Florida in the United States. It belongs to a genus specialized in collecting floral oils rather than nectar, using these oils to provision nests and feed larvae. Two subspecies are recognized: Centris nitida nitida and Centris nitida geminata.
Ceracis singularis
Ceracis singularis is a minute tree-fungus beetle in the family Ciidae. It was originally described as Xestocis singularis by Dury in 1917. The species is distributed across Central America and North America, including Canada.
Ceraeochrysa smithi
Smith's Green Lacewing
Ceraeochrysa smithi is a species of green lacewing in the family Chrysopidae. It is found across the Caribbean, Central America, North America, and South America. As a member of the genus Ceraeochrysa, it belongs to a group known for larvae that construct dorsal packets of debris for camouflage. The species was first described by Navás in 1914.
Ceraleptus pacificus
Ceraleptus pacificus is a leaf-footed bug in the family Coreidae, first described by Barber in 1914. The species is distributed across western North America and Central America. As a member of the true bugs (Hemiptera), it possesses piercing-sucking mouthparts typical of the order.
Ceratina cobaltina
Cobalt Small Carpenter, cobalt ceratina
Ceratina cobaltina is a species of small carpenter bee in the family Apidae, first described by Cresson in 1878. It is native to Central America and belongs to the genus Ceratina, which comprises small, often metallic bees that nest in pithy or hollow plant stems. Like other members of its genus, it is a solitary bee that contributes to pollination services in its native range.
Ceratocombus vagans
litter bug
Ceratocombus vagans is a species of minute true bug in the family Ceratocombidae, commonly known as litter bugs. The species has been described as one of the most generalized members of Hemiptera: Heteroptera, with predatory feeding habits that support the hypothesis that primitive heteropterans were predaceous. It occupies a wide geographic range across North America, Central America, and the Caribbean.
Ceratomia igualana
Ceratomia igualana is a hawkmoth in the family Sphingidae. It is known from a limited number of specimens collected from Mexico to Costa Rica. The species exhibits sexual dimorphism in size, with females notably larger than males. Biological details including larval host plants, adult behavior, and complete life history remain undocumented due to its rarity in collections.
Cerceris tolteca
Cerceris tolteca is a species of solitary wasp in the family Crabronidae (formerly Philanthidae), described by de Saussure in 1867. The species is found in Central America. As a member of the genus Cerceris, it likely exhibits the characteristic hunting behavior of provisioning underground nests with paralyzed insect prey for larval development, though specific biological details for this species remain undocumented in available sources.
Cerotoma ruficornis
bean leaf beetle
Cerotoma ruficornis is a leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, commonly known as the bean leaf beetle. It is found across the Caribbean, Central America, and North America. Two subspecies are recognized: C. r. ruficornis and C. r. sexpunctata. The species is associated with soybean agriculture and has been studied alongside the related C. trifurcata as a pest of legume crops.
Chaetarthria ochra
Chaetarthria ochra is a species of water scavenger beetle in the family Hydrophilidae. It was described by D.C. Miller in 1974. The species is known from Central America and North America, with records from the southwestern United States (Arizona and California) and Mexico. As a member of the Chaetarthriinae subfamily, it belongs to a group of small hydrophilid beetles often associated with aquatic or semi-aquatic habitats.
Chaetofoveolocoris hirsutus
Chaetofoveolocoris hirsutus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. It is a small, hirsute true bug with limited documented information. The species was described by Knight in 1928 and is known from scattered records in Central America and North America, specifically from Mexico (D.F.) and the southwestern United States (Arizona, Texas). As a member of Miridae, it likely feeds on plant fluids, though specific host associations remain undocumented.
Chaetoleon pusillus
Chaetoleon pusillus is a species of antlion in the family Myrmeleontidae. It is native to Central America and North America. The species was originally described as Brachynemurus pusillus by Currie in 1899. As with other antlions, the larvae are predatory and construct pit traps in sandy substrates to capture prey.
Charidotella bifossulata
Charidotella bifossulata is a species of tortoise beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, characterized by the distinctive shield-like body form typical of this group. The species was described by Boheman in 1855. It is distributed across Central America and North America. Like other members of Charidotella, it likely feeds on plant foliage, though specific host associations remain poorly documented.
Charidotella emarginata
Charidotella emarginata is a species of tortoise beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It is found in Central America and North America. As a member of the tortoise beetle subfamily Cassidinae, it possesses the characteristic shield-like body form and expanded elytral margins that cover the legs and much of the body when at rest.
Chariesterus cuspidatus
Chariesterus cuspidatus is a species of leaf-footed bug in the family Coreidae, first described by Distant in 1892. It belongs to the tribe Chariesterini within the subfamily Coreinae. The species has been recorded from parts of North and Central America including Texas, northwestern Mexico, and Panama. Like other members of Coreidae, it is a true bug with piercing-sucking mouthparts. Available information about its biology and ecology remains limited.
Chauliognathus scutellaris
Texas soldier beetle
Chauliognathus scutellaris, commonly known as the Texas soldier beetle, is a species of soldier beetle in the family Cantharidae. The species occurs in Central America and North America. Like other members of the genus Chauliognathus, it is likely associated with flowers and exhibits diurnal activity patterns, though species-specific ecological details remain limited in published literature.
Chelinidea
cactus bugs, cactus leaffooted bugs
Chelinidea is a genus of leaf-footed bugs (family Coreidae) comprising five described species distributed across Central and North America, with three species introduced to Australia. Members are specialized feeders on cacti in the genus Opuntia, making them significant in both natural ecosystems and agricultural contexts. The genus represents the sole member of the monotypic tribe Chelinideini.
Chelymorpha phytophagica
Chelymorpha phytophagica is a species of tortoise beetle in the leaf beetle family Chrysomelidae. The species is distributed across Central America and North America. Two subspecies are recognized: C. p. luteata and C. p. phytophagica. Like other members of the genus Chelymorpha, this species is associated with plants in the family Convolvulaceae, including morning glories and related vines.
Chinavia marginata
Margined Stink Bug
Chinavia marginata is a species of shield bug (family Pentatomidae) native to Florida, Central America, and the Caribbean. The species belongs to a genus of stink bugs commonly known as green stink bugs, characterized by their green coloration and agricultural pest status. Like other Chinavia species, it possesses piercing-sucking mouthparts used for feeding on plant tissues. The species has undergone taxonomic revision, previously classified under Acrosternum and Pentatoma.
Chlaenius leucoscelis monachus
Chlaenius leucoscelis monachus is a subspecies of ground beetle in the family Carabidae, described by LeConte in 1851. It belongs to the genus Chlaenius, a diverse group of predatory beetles commonly known as vivid metallic ground beetles. The subspecies is part of the Chlaenius (Lithochlaenius) subgenus, a group characterized by distinctive coloration patterns. Like other carabids, it possesses the family-typical traits of exposed mandibles and thread-like antennae segments longer than wide.
Chlamisus foveolatus
warty leaf beetle
Chlamisus foveolatus is a species of warty leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It occurs in Central America and North America. The species was described by Knoch in 1801. Beyond its taxonomic placement and geographic distribution, detailed biological information about this species is sparse in the available literature.
Chlamisus texanus
warty leaf beetle
Chlamisus texanus is a species of warty leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It belongs to the tribe Chlamisini, a group known for their distinctive sculptured, warty appearance. The species is distributed across Central America and North America. Like other members of its genus, it is likely associated with woody vegetation, though specific host plant relationships remain poorly documented.
Chlorochroa faceta
Chlorochroa faceta is a species of stink bug in the family Pentatomidae, placed in the subgenus Rhytidolomia. It inhabits inland saline wetlands in North America and Central America. The species is poorly known, with limited published information on its biology and ecology.
Chlorochroa ligata
conchuela bug, conchuela stink bug
Chlorochroa ligata, commonly known as the conchuela bug, is a stink bug species in the family Pentatomidae. It occurs across North America and Central America, with documented presence in the southwestern United States including New Mexico and Texas. The species is associated with mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) and other woody plants, where adults have been observed mating on seedpods. It is recognized as a pest of grain sorghum and other crops, with piercing-sucking mouthparts that damage developing kernels.
Chlorochroa osborni
Black-winged Chlorochroa
Chlorochroa osborni is a species of stink bug in the family Pentatomidae, commonly known as the Black-winged Chlorochroa. It is distributed across Central America and North America. The species belongs to a genus of green stink bugs, though specific distinguishing features of this species include its black-winged appearance. It has been documented in field observations in mixed-grass prairie habitats.
Chlorochroa uhleri
Uhler's Stink Bug
Chlorochroa uhleri, commonly known as Uhler's stink bug, is a species of stink bug in the family Pentatomidae. It is distributed across Central America and North America. The species belongs to the genus Chlorochroa, which includes several stink bug species characterized by their green coloration. Limited specific biological information is available for this species in the provided sources.
Chloropteryx nordicaria
Chloropteryx nordicaria is an emerald moth in the family Geometridae, first described by Schaus in 1901. It belongs to the subfamily Geometrinae, commonly known as emerald moths due to their characteristic green coloration. The species is distributed across Central and North America. It is cataloged under Hodges number 7076 in the North American moth numbering system.
Chlosyne rosita
Rosita Patch
Chlosyne rosita is a butterfly species in the family Nymphalidae, characterized by distinctive orange-red patches on the wings. It occurs throughout Central America and Mexico, with occasional records in the southwestern United States. The species is similar in appearance to the more widespread crimson patch (Chlosyne janais).
Chortophaga viridifasciata viridifasciata
Greenstriped Grasshopper, Northern Green-striped Locust
The greenstriped grasshopper is a medium-sized bandwinged species widely distributed across North America, extending into Central America. Northern populations are univoltine, overwintering as late-instar nymphs and maturing in early spring, while southern populations may produce two or more generations annually. Adults exhibit strong sexual dimorphism in coloration: most females are green, most males are brown. The species is a strong flier with long wings extending beyond the abdomen, and males produce crepitation during flight. Though abundant in the eastern United States, populations remain patchy in western regions where the species is restricted to moist microhabitats.
Chrysobothris basalis
A metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, distributed across Central and North America. Like other members of the genus Chrysobothris, it likely develops in dead or dying wood, though specific biological details remain poorly documented in the available literature.
Chrysobothris beyeri
Chrysobothris beyeri is a species of metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae. It is distributed across Central America and North America. The species was described by Schaeffer in 1904. Like other members of the genus Chrysobothris, it is presumed to be associated with woody plants, though specific host relationships for this species remain poorly documented.
Chrysobothris fiskei
Chrysobothris fiskei is a species of metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae. It was described by Fisher in 1942. The species is known to occur in Central America and North America, though specific details regarding its biology, host associations, and morphology remain poorly documented in the available literature. Like other members of the genus Chrysobothris, it likely develops as a larva in woody plant tissue.
Chrysobothris lateralis
Chrysobothris lateralis is a metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, first described by Waterhouse in 1887. The species is distributed across Central America and North America. As with other members of the genus Chrysobothris, it is presumed to have wood-boring larvae that develop within host plants, though specific biological details for this species remain poorly documented in the available literature.
Chrysobothris lixa
Chrysobothris lixa is a metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, first described by George Henry Horn in 1886. Like other members of this large genus, it exhibits the characteristic jewel-like metallic coloration typical of buprestid beetles. The species occurs across Central America and North America, though specific details regarding its biology, host associations, and ecology remain poorly documented compared to better-studied congeners such as those in the C. femorata species-group.
Chrysobothris ludificata Horn, 1886
Chrysobothris ludificata is a metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, described by George Henry Horn in 1886. It is a member of the large genus Chrysobothris, which contains numerous species that are often difficult to distinguish from one another. The species is known to occur in Central America and North America, though specific details about its biology, host associations, and habitat preferences remain poorly documented in the available literature.
Chrysobothris pseudacutipennis
Chrysobothris pseudacutipennis is a species of metallic wood-boring beetle (Buprestidae) described by Obenberger in 1940. It belongs to the large genus Chrysobothris, which contains numerous North American species often associated with woody host plants. The species is recorded from both North America and Central America. Like other members of its genus, it likely develops as a larva in dead or dying wood, though specific biological details remain poorly documented.
Chrysobothris purpureoplagiata
A metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, described by Schaeffer in 1904. The specific epithet refers to purple markings on the elytra. It belongs to the speciose genus Chrysobothris, which contains numerous species with difficult taxonomy and often subtle diagnostic characters.
Chrysopa nigricornis
Black-horned Green Lacewing
Chrysopa nigricornis, commonly known as the Black-horned Green Lacewing, is a species of green lacewing in the family Chrysopidae. It is distributed across Central America and North America. The species exhibits a facultative larval diapause during the third instar within its cocoon, induced by short-day photoperiods acting on the first three free-living larval stages. As both larvae and adults, it is predatory, feeding on soft-bodied insects such as aphids.
Cis versicolor
Cis versicolor is a minute tree-fungus beetle in the family Ciidae, first described by Casey in 1898. The species inhabits Central America and North America, where it is associated with fungal communities on decaying wood. Like other members of the genus Cis, it is small-bodied and cryptic, living in microhabitats within forest ecosystems.
Cissites auriculata
big-eared blister beetle
Cissites auriculata is one of two described species in the genus Cissites (family Meloidae), distinguished from the closely related C. maculata by constant morphological features including head shape, antennae length, thorax shape, first metatarsal segment length, and elytral coloration. Mitochondrial COI sequence divergence of 14.5% from C. maculata indicates ancient cladogenetic separation. The species is widely distributed in Central America and the Caribbean, with regional sympatry with C. maculata occurring in central Mexico. It has not colonized South America.
Clavilispinus rufescens
unmargined rove beetle
Clavilispinus rufescens is a species of unmargined rove beetle in the family Staphylinidae. It is distributed across the southeastern United States, Mexico, Guatemala, and Brazil. The species was described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1863. As a member of the Osoriinae subfamily, it belongs to a group of small, typically soil-dwelling rove beetles with reduced or absent elytral margins.
Cligenes distinctus
Cligenes distinctus is a dirt-colored seed bug in the family Rhyparochromidae, first described by Distant in 1893. The species has a broad geographic distribution spanning the Caribbean Sea, Central America, and North America. Records indicate presence across numerous Caribbean islands including Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and the Lesser Antilles, as well as mainland locations in Mexico, Central America, and the United States. The species belongs to the tribe Antillocorini within the subfamily Rhyparochrominae.
Closterocoris amoenus
Closterocoris amoenus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, distributed across Central America and North America. The species is distinguished from other Miridae by its slender, straplike parempodia with striated inner surfaces and a reduced, apomorphic apex. It has been recorded from Canada (Quebec), Mexico, and the United States (California).
Codatractus arizonensis
Arizona skipper
Codatractus arizonensis, commonly known as the Arizona skipper, is a species of dicot skipper butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. The species was first described by Skinner in 1905, originally as a subspecies of Heteropia melon. It is distributed across North America and Central America. As a member of the Pyrginae subfamily, it belongs to a group of skippers characterized by their rapid, darting flight patterns and association with dicotyledonous host plants.
Colonus sylvanus
Sylvan Jumping Spider
Colonus sylvanus is a species of jumping spider in the family Salticidae, found from the United States through Central America to Panama. As a member of Salticidae, it possesses the characteristic large anterior median eyes and jumping locomotion typical of the family. The species is relatively well-documented with over 10,000 observations on iNaturalist, suggesting it is common and conspicuous within its range. It was originally described as Attus sylvanus by Hentz in 1846 before being transferred to the genus Colonus.
Colopterus posticus
Colopterus posticus is a species of sap-feeding beetle in the family Nitidulidae. It occurs in Central America and North America. The species belongs to a genus of small beetles commonly associated with fermenting plant materials and fungal growth.
Compsodes
hooded cockroach, sand cockroach
Compsodes is a genus of small, hooded cockroaches in the family Corydiidae, established by Hebard in 1917. The genus contains at least four described species distributed across Central America, the Caribbean, and the southern United States. Members are characterized by a distinctive hood-like pronotal structure that covers much of the head. These cockroaches are primarily associated with sandy habitats.
Conchylodes salamisalis
Blush Conchylodes Moth
Conchylodes salamisalis, commonly known as the Blush Conchylodes Moth, is a species of moth in the family Crambidae. It was first described by Herbert Druce in 1895. The species is distributed across Central America and the southern United States, with confirmed records from Ecuador, Costa Rica, Panama, Guatemala, Mexico, and Texas. The moth exhibits distinctive wing patterning with silky hyaline white forewings and hindwings marked with dark brown streaks, bands, and spots.
Conozoa carinata
Ridged Grasshopper
Conozoa carinata, commonly known as the Ridged Grasshopper, is a species of band-winged grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is distributed across North America and Central America. The species has been documented in the southwestern United States, including New Mexico, where it has been observed in open, disturbed habitats such as parking areas. As a member of the Oedipodinae subfamily, it possesses the characteristic banded wings typical of this group.
Copaeodes aurantiaca
orange skipperling
Copaeodes aurantiaca, commonly known as the orange skipperling, is a grass skipper in the family Hesperiidae. It is native to Central America and North America, with documented presence in the southwestern United States including Arizona. The species is active during late summer and early autumn, and has been observed in botanical gardens and natural habitats with abundant flowering vegetation.
Cordulegaster diadema
Apache spiketail
Cordulegaster diadema, commonly known as the Apache spiketail, is a dragonfly species in the family Cordulegastridae. Adults typically measure 74–88 millimeters in length. The species ranges from the southwestern United States through Mexico to Costa Rica. Females possess a prominent ovipositor that gives the species its common name 'spiketail'.
Corimelaena pulicaria
Little Ebony Bug, black bug
Corimelaena pulicaria is a small true bug in the family Thyreocoridae, commonly known as the Little Ebony Bug or black bug. It is distributed across Central America and North America. The species belongs to a family whose members are often called ebony bugs due to their dark coloration.
Cortodera falsa
flower longhorn
Cortodera falsa is a species of flower longhorn beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It is found in Central America and North America. The species was described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1859. Like other members of the subfamily Lepturinae, it is associated with flowers.
Corydalus
dobsonflies, hellgrammites (larvae), go-devil, grampus
Corydalus is a genus of large flying insects in the family Corydalidae, commonly known as dobsonflies. The genus contains approximately 35 species endemic to North, Central, and South America. Adults are among the largest winged insects in their range, with wing lengths reaching up to 85 millimetres. The genus exhibits pronounced sexual dimorphism: males possess greatly elongated, sickle-shaped mandibles used in male-male combat and to grasp females during mating, while females have smaller but still formidable jaws capable of delivering a painful bite. The aquatic larvae, known as hellgrammites, are predatory and serve as important indicators of stream health.
Cosmariomyia
Cosmariomyia is a genus of soldier flies in the family Stratiomyidae, subfamily Pachygastrinae. The genus was established by Kertész in 1914 and contains three described species distributed in the Neotropical region. Members are small to medium-sized flies with relatively limited published information on their biology.
Cosmopepla binotata
twice-marked stink bug
Cosmopepla binotata is a small stink bug in the family Pentatomidae, characterized by a distinctive color pattern with two dark spots on the pronotum. The species occurs in Central America and North America, where it inhabits vegetation and feeds on plant material. Like other pentatomids, it possesses scent glands for chemical defense.
Cosmopepla decorata
Elegant Stink Bug
Cosmopepla decorata, commonly known as the Elegant Stink Bug, is a species of stink bug in the family Pentatomidae. The species was described by Hahn in 1834. It occurs across North America and Central America. As a member of the stink bug family, it possesses the characteristic scent glands that produce defensive compounds.
Crabro cingulatus
Crabro cingulatus is a species of square-headed wasp in the family Crabronidae. It occurs in Central America and North America. As a member of the genus Crabro, it belongs to a group of solitary wasps that provision nests with prey for their developing larvae. The species was described by Packard in 1867.
Cryphula trimaculata
dirt-colored seed bug
Cryphula trimaculata is a species of true bug in the family Rhyparochromidae, commonly known as dirt-colored seed bugs. The species was described by Distant in 1882 and occurs in Central America and North America. Records indicate presence in the United States and Guatemala.
Cryptocephalus atrofasciatus
Cryptocephalus atrofasciatus is a case-bearing leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, first described by Jacoby in 1880. It belongs to a large genus of leaf beetles known for their rounded, compact bodies and enlarged hind femora. The species has been recorded from both Central America and North America, though specific details about its biology and ecology remain poorly documented. Like other members of Cryptocephalus, adults likely feed on foliage of various plants, with larvae developing in protective cases constructed from fecal material and plant debris.
Cryptocephalus triundulatus
Third-wave Cryptocephalus
Cryptocephalus triundulatus is a case-bearing leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, first described by R. White in 1968. The species is distributed across Central America and North America. Like other members of its genus, it is associated with herbaceous vegetation and has been collected by sweeping plants in prairie and sand prairie habitats.
Cryptocephalus trizonatus
Tri-banded Cryptocephalus
Cryptocephalus trizonatus is a species of case-bearing leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. The species is characterized by three distinct bands or zones on its elytra, which gives rise to both its scientific name ('trizonatus' meaning 'three-zoned') and its common name. It occurs across Central America and North America, with 43 observations documented on iNaturalist. Like other members of the genus Cryptocephalus, it is associated with vegetation and has been collected by sweeping herbaceous plants.
Ctenisis raffrayi
Ctenisis raffrayi is a species of rove beetle in the subfamily Pselaphinae, a group of small, often ant-associated beetles characterized by reduced elytra and compact bodies. The species was described by Casey in 1893 and belongs to the tribe Ctenistini. It occurs in southwestern North America and Central America. Like other pselaphines, it is likely associated with leaf litter and soil habitats, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented.
Curicaberis ferrugineus
Curicaberis ferrugineus is a species of huntsman spider (family Sparassidae) native to North and Central America. It was originally described by C. L. Koch in 1836 under the genus Olios and later designated as the type species of the newly erected genus Curicaberis in 2015. The male was described and illustrated for the first time in the 2015 taxonomic revision. The species is one of nine transferred from Olios to Curicaberis, part of a broader reorganization of Sparassidae systematics in the Americas.
Curtonotum prolixum
Curtonotum prolixum is a species of fly in the family Curtonotidae, described by Lindsay in 2019 from Central America and Mexico. It belongs to the Curtonotum murinum species complex, a group of five newly described species from the region. The species was formally described with photographic images as part of a taxonomic revision.
Cydamus borealis
Cydamus borealis is a species of broad-headed bug in the family Alydidae, described by Distant in 1881. It belongs to the subfamily Micrelytrinae and tribe Micrelytrini. The species has been recorded from Central America and North America, with specific distribution records from Guatemala and Texas.
Cylindrocopturinus pictus
Cylindrocopturinus pictus is a species of true weevil in the beetle family Curculionidae, first described by Sleeper in 1963. It belongs to the genus Cylindrocopturinus, a group of weevils within the diverse Curculionidae family. The species has a documented distribution across North America, Central America, and the Caribbean.
Cylindromyia signatipennis
Cylindromyia signatipennis is a species of bristle fly in the family Tachinidae, first described by Wulp in 1892. It belongs to the subfamily Phasiinae and tribe Cylindromyiini. The species has been documented in North and Central America.
Cylindronotum aeneum
Cylindronotum aeneum is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae, first described by Putzeys in 1845. It belongs to the subfamily Lebiinae and tribe Lebiini. The species is documented from Central America and northern South America, with records from Belize, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Panama, and French Guiana. Available information on this species is limited.
Cylloepus abnormis
riffle beetle
Cylloepus abnormis is a species of riffle beetle in the family Elmidae, first described by Horn in 1870. The species is distributed across Central America and North America. As a member of the Elmidae family, it is adapted to aquatic habitats, particularly flowing water environments.
Cymaenes tripunctus
Three-spotted Skipper, Dingy Dotted Skipper
Cymaenes tripunctus is a grass skipper (Hesperiidae) distributed across the Caribbean, Central America, Florida, and South America. It is a small butterfly with a wingspan of 29–35 mm. The species is distinguished by three tiny transparent white spots on the leading edge of the forewing upperside near the tip. Two recognized subspecies exist: C. t. tripunctus and C. t. theogenis.
Cymatodera angustata
Cymatodera angustata is a species of checkered beetle in the family Cleridae. The species was described by Spinola in 1844 and occurs in Central America and North America. As a member of the genus Cymatodera, it belongs to a group of clerid beetles commonly associated with predatory habits on other insects, though species-specific biology for C. angustata remains poorly documented.
Cymatodera balteata
banded checkered beetle, Long-necked Cymatodera
Cymatodera balteata is a species of checkered beetle in the family Cleridae, commonly known as the banded checkered beetle or Long-necked Cymatodera. It is native to North America and Central America. The species belongs to a genus characterized by elongated neck-like pronota that distinguish them from other clerid beetles. Like other members of Cleridae, it is presumed to be predaceous, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented.
Cymatodera fuchsii
checkered beetle
Cymatodera fuchsii is a species of checkered beetle in the family Cleridae, described by Schaeffer in 1904. The species is distributed across Central America and North America. Checkered beetles in the family Cleridae are predatory insects, though specific ecological details for C. fuchsii remain poorly documented. The genus Cymatodera belongs to the subfamily Tillinae, a group characterized by elongated bodies and predatory habits.
Cymatodera fuscula
Cymatodera fuscula is a species of checkered beetle in the family Cleridae, first described by LeConte in 1852. The species occurs in Central America and North America. Members of the genus Cymatodera are predatory beetles, though specific ecological details for this species remain poorly documented in published literature.
Cymatodera horni
checkered beetle
Cymatodera horni is a species of checkered beetle described by Wolcott in 1910. It belongs to the family Cleridae, a group of predatory beetles often associated with wood-boring insects. The species is documented from both Central America and North America. Records are sparse, with limited published biological information available.
Cymatodera tricolor
Cymatodera tricolor is a species of checkered beetle in the family Cleridae, first described by Skinner in 1905. The species is distributed across Central America and North America. As a member of Cleridae, it belongs to a family commonly known as checkered beetles, many of which are predatory and associated with wood-boring insects.
Cymatoderella collaris
Cymatoderella collaris is a species of checkered beetle in the family Cleridae. The species occurs in Central America and North America, with confirmed records from both regions. The genus Cymatoderella belongs to the clerid beetle lineage, a family known for predatory habits, though species-specific biology for this taxon remains poorly documented. The original description placed this species in the genus Tillus before its transfer to Cymatoderella.
Dacnochilus angularis
Dacnochilus angularis is a rove beetle (family Staphylinidae, subfamily Paederinae) described by Erichson in 1840. It belongs to the tribe Lathrobiini within the diverse rove beetle assemblage. The species has been recorded from the southern United States through Central America, with confirmed occurrences in Alabama, Texas, Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. Records from Colombia and Venezuela appear to be erroneous. Like other members of Staphylinidae, this species exhibits the characteristic shortened elytra that leave most of the abdomen exposed.
Delochilocoris caliginosus
dirt-colored seed bug
Delochilocoris caliginosus is a species of true bug in the family Rhyparochromidae, commonly known as dirt-colored seed bugs. The species was described by Distant in 1882. It belongs to a family characterized by ground-dwelling habits and seed-feeding ecology. Available records for this species are sparse, with only three observations documented on iNaturalist as of the knowledge cutoff.
Deltochilum scabriusculum
Deltochilum scabriusculum is a species of dung beetle in the family Scarabaeidae, distributed from the southern United States through Mexico and Central America. The subspecies D. s. montanum was synonymized with the nominate form in a 2012 taxonomic revision. Like other members of its genus, it belongs to a group historically associated with dung-feeding behavior, though specific ecological studies for this species are lacking.
Deltostethus columbiensis
Deltostethus columbiensis is a species of water scavenger beetle in the family Hydrophilidae, described by Hatch in 1965. It belongs to the subfamily Sphaeridiinae, a group often associated with moist organic substrates rather than strictly aquatic habitats. The species occurs in southwestern North America and Mexico.
Dendrobiella
horned powder-post beetles
Dendrobiella is a genus of horned powder-post beetles in the family Bostrichidae, established by Casey in 1898. The genus contains approximately seven described species distributed primarily in North and Central America. Members of this genus are wood-boring beetles associated with dead or dying woody vegetation.
Dendrobiella aspera
horned powder-post beetle
Dendrobiella aspera is a species of horned powder-post beetle in the family Bostrichidae. The species is found in Central America and North America. Like other members of the powder-post beetle family, it is associated with wood-boring habits, though specific ecological details for this species remain poorly documented in available literature.
Dendrobiella sericans
Four-toothed Texas Bostrichid
Dendrobiella sericans is a species of horned powder-post beetle in the family Bostrichidae. It is distributed across Central America and North America. The species belongs to a group of wood-boring beetles commonly known as false powderpost beetles, which are characterized by their association with dead or dying wood.
Dendroctonus mexicanus
Mexican bark beetle
Dendroctonus mexicanus is a bark beetle native to Mexico and Central America, recognized as the most widely distributed and destructive bark beetle in Mexico. It colonizes more than 21 pine species and causes significant tree mortality in coniferous forests. The species' population dynamics are strongly influenced by climate variables, particularly temperature and precipitation, with outbreak risk increasing under warmer, drier conditions. It is considered a major forest pest affecting wood supply and ecosystem services.
bark-beetleforest-pestpineMexicoclimate-changeDendroctonusScolytinaeconiferphloem-feederoutbreakbiotic-regulatorMaxEnt-modelinghost-specificityTrans-Mexican-Volcanic-BeltSierra-Madre-del-SurCentral-Americaentomologyforest-healthintegrated-pest-managementsemiochemicalstree-mortalityecological-niche-modelingsuitable-habitatprecipitationtemperatureelevation-gradientPinusmonterey-pineoocarpa-pinemaximinoi-pinechiapas-pineinfestation-riskfuture-scenariosforest-managementconservationecosystem-serviceswood-supplysouthern-pine-beetlecoexistenceGran-Desierto-de-SonoraMichoacánendemiceruptive-herbivorephloemgallerypitch-tubesresindefensemutualismcompetitionniche-overlapbioclimatic-variablesMaxEntkuenmR-packagemodeling-algorithmquadratic-responseBio-1annual-mean-temperaturesuitabilityexpansionnorthward-shiftupward-elevation-shifthabitat-losshost-availabilitypopulation-dynamicsfiretree-densitytopographydroughtwarmingmultiple-generationssister-broodsoverwinteringdiapauseflight-musclesreproductionmass-attackaggregation-pheromonesfrontalinexo-brevicominolfactory-signalingelectroantennographic-detectiongas-chromatographyantennahost-locationhost-selectionpioneer-beetlestree-killingblue-staining-fungusOphiostomaCeratocystisvectordisease-agentforest-pathologysilviculturecut-and-leavecut-and-removesuppressionmanagementmonitoringpheromone-baited-trapfunnel-trapaerial-surveytree-mortality-detectionBohart-MuseumUC-DavisUSDA-Forest-ServiceSteve-Seyboldinvasive-specieswalnut-twig-beetlegoldspotted-oak-borerpolyphagous-shot-hole-borerfirewoodTrojan-horsecamperstree-transportspreaddetectionpreventionquarantineregulatorypolicystakeholderlandownerpublic-landprivate-landpermitcontractbidcrewdelaytreatmentflexibilitytweakoptimizationproductivityresearchgrower-educationextensionoutreacheducationmuseumcollectionspecimenscanning-electron-microscopemagnificationwood-sculptureartcraftchildrenactivityornamentwhite-firwalking-stickMadagascar-hissing-cockroachpraying-mantistarantulagift-shopopen-housefamily-friendlyfreeadmissiondorm-move-inclasscareerfuncabbage-white-butterflyeducatorvolunteerassociatesenior-museum-scientisteducation-and-outreach-coordinatordirectorprofessorgraduate-studentundergraduate-studentjunior-specialistlectureraffiliateresearch-entomologistforest-health-protectionforest-health-officerforest-health-specialistassistant-professorClemson-UniversityUniversity-of-MinnesotaUniversity-of-CaliforniaColorado-State-UniversityKansas-State-UniversityUniversity-of-GeorgiaUniversity-of-MichiganUniversity-of-NebraskaBrigham-Young-UniversityMontana-State-UniversityNorth-Dakota-State-UniversitySouth-Dakota-State-UniversityNew-Mexico-State-UniversityArizona-State-UniversityUniversity-of-OklahomaUniversity-of-TexasUniversity-of-FloridaUniversity-of-WashingtonOregon-State-UniversityUniversity-of-IdahoUniversity-of-WyomingUniversity-of-AlbertaUniversity-of-SaskatchewanUniversity-of-ManitobaUniversity-of-British-ColumbiaMcGill-UniversityUniversity-of-TorontoUniversity-of-GuelphUniversity-of-WaterlooUniversity-of-OttawaUniversity-of-CalgaryUniversity-of-LethbridgeUniversity-of-ReginaUniversity-of-WinnipegBrandon-UniversityTrent-UniversityYork-UniversityRyerson-UniversityConcordia-UniversityUniversité-de-MontréalUniversité-LavalUniversité-du-QuébecUniversité-de-SherbrookeUniversité-de-MonctonDalhousie-UniversityAcadia-UniversitySt.-Francis-Xavier-UniversityMount-Allison-UniversityUniversity-of-Prince-Edward-IslandMemorial-University-of-NewfoundlandUniversity-of-New-BrunswickSt.-Thomas-UniversityBishop's-UniversityChamplain-CollegeDawson-CollegeVanier-CollegeJohn-Abbott-CollegeMarianopolis-CollegeCollège-de-MaisonneuveCégep-du-Vieux-MontréalCégep-de-Saint-LaurentCégep-de-RosemontCégep-André-LaurendeauCégep-de-Bois-de-BoulogneCégep-Gérald-GodinCégep-de-LimoilouCégep-de-Sainte-FoyCégep-de-Lévis-LauzonCégep-de-ThetfordCégep-de-VictoriavilleCégep-de-DrummondvilleCégep-de-Saint-HyacintheCégep-de-Sorel-TracyCégep-de-Trois-RivièresCégep-de-ShawiniganCégep-de-La-PocatièreCégep-de-RimouskiCégep-de-MataneCégep-de-Sept-ÎlesCégep-de-Baie-ComeauCégep-de-JonquièreCégep-de-ChicoutimiCégep-de-AlmaCégep-de-Saint-FélicienCégep-de-RobervalCégep-de-La-TuqueCégep-de-Dolbeau-MistassiniCégep-de-Saint-JérômeCégep-de-MontmorencyCégep-de-l'OutaouaisCégep-de-HeritageCégep-de-Saint-Jean-sur-RichelieuCégep-de-ValleyfieldCégep-de-GranbyHarvard-UniversityYale-UniversityPrinceton-UniversityColumbia-UniversityCornell-UniversityDartmouth-CollegeBrown-UniversityUniversity-of-PennsylvaniaMassachusetts-Institute-of-TechnologyStanford-UniversityCalifornia-Institute-of-TechnologyUniversity-of-ChicagoNorthwestern-UniversityDuke-UniversityJohns-Hopkins-UniversityGeorgetown-UniversityVanderbilt-UniversityRice-UniversityUniversity-of-Notre-DameEmory-UniversityWashington-University-in-St.-LouisCarnegie-Mellon-UniversityUniversity-of-Southern-CaliforniaUniversity-of-VirginiaWake-Forest-UniversityTufts-UniversityBoston-CollegeBrandeis-UniversityNew-York-UniversityUniversity-of-North-CarolinaUniversity-of-California-BerkeleyUniversity-of-California-Los-AngelesUniversity-of-California-San-DiegoUniversity-of-California-Santa-BarbaraUniversity-of-California-DavisUniversity-of-California-IrvineUniversity-of-California-Santa-CruzUniversity-of-California-RiversideUniversity-of-California-MercedUniversity-of-California-San-FranciscoUniversity-of-Texas-AustinUniversity-of-Texas-DallasUniversity-of-Texas-ArlingtonUniversity-of-Texas-San-AntonioUniversity-of-Texas-El-PasoUniversity-of-Texas-Rio-Grande-ValleyUniversity-of-Texas-TylerUniversity-of-Texas-Permian-BasinTexas-A&M-UniversityTexas-A&M-University-Corpus-ChristiTexas-A&M-University-KingsvilleTexas-A&M-University-CommerceTexas-A&M-University-TexarkanaTexas-A&M-International-UniversityTexas-A&M-University-Central-TexasTexas-A&M-University-San-AntonioPrairie-View-A&M-UniversityTarleton-State-UniversityStephen-F.-Austin-State-UniversitySam-Houston-State-UniversityLamar-UniversityMidwestern-State-UniversityTexas-Southern-UniversityTexas-Woman's-UniversityUniversity-of-HoustonUniversity-of-Houston-Clear-LakeUniversity-of-Houston-DowntownUniversity-of-Houston-VictoriaTexas-Tech-UniversityTexas-Tech-University-Health-Sciences-CenterAngelo-State-UniversityWest-Texas-A&M-UniversityTexas-State-UniversityUniversity-of-North-TexasUniversity-of-North-Texas-DallasUniversity-of-North-Texas-Health-Science-CenterDallas-Baptist-UniversitySouthern-Methodist-UniversityTexas-Christian-UniversityBaylor-UniversityAbilene-Christian-UniversityLubbock-Christian-UniversityHardin-Simmons-UniversityHoward-Payne-UniversityMcMurry-UniversityMidland-CollegeOdessa-CollegeSouthwest-Texas-Junior-CollegeAlamo-CollegesAustin-Community-CollegeDallas-County-Community-College-DistrictHouston-Community-CollegeLone-Star-CollegeTarrant-County-CollegeEl-Paso-Community-CollegeSan-Jacinto-CollegeCollin-CollegeCentral-Texas-CollegeBlinn-CollegeTyler-Junior-CollegeVictoria-CollegeWharton-County-Junior-CollegeBrazosport-CollegeClarendon-CollegeCisco-CollegeCoastal-Bend-CollegeCollege-of-the-MainlandDel-Mar-CollegeFrank-Phillips-CollegeGalveston-CollegeGrayson-CollegeHill-CollegeHoward-CollegeKilgore-CollegeLamar-Institute-of-TechnologyLaredo-Community-CollegeLee-CollegeMcLennan-Community-CollegeNavarro-CollegeNorth-Central-Texas-CollegeNortheast-Texas-Community-CollegeNorthwest-Vista-CollegePalo-Alto-CollegePanola-CollegeParis-Junior-CollegeRanger-CollegeSan-Antonio-CollegeSouth-Plains-CollegeSouth-Texas-CollegeSt.-Philip's-CollegeSul-Ross-State-UniversityTemple-CollegeTexarkana-CollegeTexas-Southmost-CollegeTrinity-Valley-Community-CollegeVernon-CollegeWeatherford-CollegeWestern-Texas-CollegeAmarillo-CollegeBrookhaven-CollegeCedar-Valley-CollegeEastfield-CollegeEl-Centro-CollegeMountain-View-CollegeNorth-Lake-CollegeRichland-CollegeSpring-Creek-CollegeCoppell-CollegeFarmers-Branch-CollegeIrving-CollegeLas-Colinas-CollegeCarrollton-CollegeCreekview-CollegeHebron-CollegeThe-Colony-CollegeValley-Ranch-CollegeWest-Campus-CollegePecan-Creek-CollegeParker-CollegeWylie-CollegeSachse-CollegeRowlett-CollegeRockwall-CollegeForney-CollegeTerrell-CollegeKaufman-CollegeCorsicana-CollegeAthens-CollegePalestine-CollegeJacksonville-CollegeRusk-CollegeTrinity-CollegeGroveton-CollegeCenterville-CollegeBuffalo-CollegeFairfield-CollegeTeague-CollegeMexia-CollegeGroesbeck-CollegeMarlin-CollegeCalvert-CollegeHearne-CollegeFranklin-CollegeRobertson-County-CollegeBremond-CollegeReagan-CollegeThornton-CollegeKosse-CollegeGiddings-CollegeDime-Box-CollegeLedbetter-CollegeSomerville-CollegeBurton-CollegeRound-Top-CollegeLa-Grange-CollegeFayetteville-CollegeSchulenburg-CollegeWeimar-CollegeColumbus-CollegeEagle-Lake-CollegeSealy-CollegeBellville-CollegeIndustry-CollegeNew-Ulm-CollegeBernard-CollegeCat-Spring-CollegeAlleyton-CollegeRock-Island-CollegeGarwood-CollegeAltair-CollegeLouise-CollegeHillje-CollegeEl-Campo-CollegeBoling-CollegeWharton-CollegeEast-Bernard-CollegeNeedville-CollegeBeasley-CollegeKendleton-CollegeOrchard-CollegeFairchilds-CollegeSimonton-CollegeFulshear-CollegeBrookshire-CollegePattison-CollegeWallis-CollegeSan-Felipe-CollegeNewgulf-CollegeDamon-CollegeBrazoria-CollegeWest-Columbia-CollegeSweeny-CollegeVan-Vleck-CollegeBay-City-CollegeMarkham-CollegeEl-Maton-CollegePalacios-CollegeBlessing-CollegeMidfield-CollegeCollegeport-CollegeMatagorda-CollegeWadsworth-CollegePledger-CollegeSargent-CollegeCedar-Lake-CollegeCedar-Lane-CollegeLane-City-CollegeHungerford-CollegeEgypt-CollegeGlen-Flora-CollegeDerotmema delicatulum
delicate grasshopper, Single-banded Derotmema
Derotmema delicatulum is a species of band-winged grasshopper in the family Acrididae, described by Scudder in 1900. It belongs to the subfamily Oedipodinae and tribe Psinidiini. The species is known from scattered records across western North America and Central America, though detailed biological studies remain limited.
Desmia tages
Desmia tages is a moth in the family Crambidae, first described by Pieter Cramer in 1777. It occurs in the Caribbean and southeastern United States, with records from Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Florida, Costa Rica, and Mexico. The species belongs to the subfamily Spilomelinae, a diverse group of snout moths. No specific ecological or biological details have been documented for this species beyond its geographic distribution.
Diadasia ochracea
Ochraceous Chimney Bee
Diadasia ochracea, commonly known as the ochraceous chimney bee, is a solitary ground-nesting bee in the family Apidae. The species is distributed across Central America and North America. As a member of the genus Diadasia, it is likely a pollen specialist, though specific host plants for this species are not documented in available sources.
Diceroprocta arizona
Plateau Flag-Bearer
Diceroprocta arizona is a species of cicada in the family Cicadidae, described by Davis in 1916. It is distributed across the southwestern United States and Central America, with records from Arizona and several Mexican states including Chiapas, Chihuahua, Durango, and Morelos. Like other members of the genus Diceroprocta, it is an annual cicada with a multi-year nymphal development period spent underground feeding on plant roots.
Diceroprocta delicata
Delicate Flag-Bearer
A small cicada species in the family Cicadidae, Diceroprocta delicata occurs in arid and semi-arid regions of the southern United States and Mexico. Like other Diceroprocta species, it produces sound using tymbal organs. The specific epithet 'delicata' suggests relatively small or slender proportions compared to congeners. Available records indicate it is an 'annual' cicada with staggered generations rather than synchronized periodic emergence.
Diceroprocta marevagans
Scrub Cicada
Diceroprocta marevagans is a species of cicada in the family Cicadidae, distributed across parts of Central America and North America. As a member of the genus Diceroprocta, it shares traits with other "annual" cicadas that appear every year due to staggered generations, rather than the synchronous emergences seen in periodical cicadas. The species inhabits scrubland and arid environments where it feeds on plant sap.
Dichelonyx pusilla
Dichelonyx pusilla is a species of scarab beetle in the family Scarabaeidae. The species is known to occur in Central America and North America. It belongs to the subfamily Melolonthinae, a group commonly referred to as May beetles or June bugs. The genus Dichelonyx is characterized by distinctive morphological features including cleft or split claws, a trait reflected in its name (from Greek 'dicha' meaning in two and 'onyx' meaning claw).
Dichorda illustraria
emerald moth
Dichorda illustraria is a species of emerald moth in the family Geometridae. The species is distributed across Central America and North America. It was first described by Hulst in 1886 under the basionym Geometra illustraria. As a member of the Geometrinae subfamily, it exhibits the characteristic green coloration typical of emerald moths.
Dieunomia heteropoda
Giant Sweat Bee
Dieunomia heteropoda is a large sweat bee in the family Halictidae, commonly known as the Giant Sweat Bee. It occurs in Central America and North America. The species nests in aggregations in hard-packed soil, with males exhibiting patrolling and digging behaviors to locate females at nest entrances. Two subspecies are recognized: D. h. heteropoda and D. h. kirbii.
Dieunomia nevadensis
Nevada nomia
Dieunomia nevadensis, commonly known as the Nevada nomia, is a species of sweat bee in the family Halictidae. First described by Ezra Cresson in 1874, this bee occurs across Central America and North America. The species includes five recognized subspecies that vary in coloration, size, and geographic range. Subspecies exhibit notable morphological differences, with some forms distinguished by abdominal coloration ranging from red to black.
Digrammia neptaria
Dark-bordered Granite
Digrammia neptaria, the dark-bordered granite, is a species of geometrid moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in Central America and North America. The species is part of the diverse Digrammia genus, which includes several 'granite' moths named for their speckled wing patterns. Its MONA or Hodges number is 6396.
Digrammia pervolata
Digrammia pervolata is a species of geometrid moth in the family Geometridae. It occurs in Central America and North America. The species was originally described as Thamnonoma pervolata by Hulst in 1880. It has been documented in GBIF and iNaturalist with 78 observations recorded.
Dineutus carolinus
whirligig beetle
Dineutus carolinus is a species of whirligig beetle in the family Gyrinidae. It is found across the Caribbean Sea, Central America, and North America. Whirligig beetles in this genus are among the largest members of the family and are characterized by their distinctive surface-dwelling aquatic lifestyle. The species was described by LeConte in 1868.
Dineutus sublineatus
whirligig beetle
Dineutus sublineatus is a species of whirligig beetle in the family Gyrinidae, found in Central America and the Southwestern United States. Like other members of its genus, it possesses two separate pairs of compound eyes—one pair viewing above and one below the water surface—an adaptation for simultaneous aerial and underwater vision. Neuroanatomical studies have shown this species exhibits a unique sensory modality switch: its mushroom body calyces, brain structures typically associated with olfactory processing in insects, receive exclusive visual input from the dorsal eye optic lobes rather than olfactory input.
Dioryctria erythropasa
Dioryctria erythropasa is a small snout moth in the family Pyralidae, described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1914. The species ranges from Arizona southward along the Mexican Pacific coast to Central America. Adults have a wingspan of 23–32 mm. Like other members of the genus Dioryctria, the larvae likely develop in conifer cones or shoots, though specific host associations for this species remain undocumented.
Dipalta serpentina
Dipalta serpentina is a species of bee fly in the family Bombyliidae, first described by Osten Sacken in 1877. It is widespread across North America, ranging from British Columbia through most of the United States to Florida, and extending south through Mexico to Central America including Cuba, Guatemala, and Honduras. The species is a known parasitoid of antlions, specifically targeting species such as Myrmeleon immaculatus.
Diplocentrus
Toothed Scorpions
Diplocentrus is a genus of scorpions in the family Diplocentridae, commonly known as toothed scorpions. The genus contains more than 60 described species distributed primarily in Central America, Mexico, and the southwestern United States. Species in this genus are characterized by their elongated pedipalps and distinctive tooth-like structures on the chelicerae. The genus includes both mainland and island-dwelling species, with documented occurrences in the Chisos Mountains of Texas and Islas de la Bahía in Honduras.
Diplochaetus rutilus
Diplochaetus rutilus is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae. It is distributed across the Caribbean Sea, Central America, and North America, with confirmed records from the Cayman Islands, Colombia, Cuba, Hispaniola, and the United States. The species was described by Chevrolat in 1863.
Diplotaxis moerens
Diplotaxis moerens is a species of scarab beetle in the family Scarabaeidae, first described by LeConte in 1856. The species is distributed across Central America and North America. Two subspecies are recognized: D. m. moerens and D. m. peninsularis. Like other members of the genus Diplotaxis, adults are small chafers that are frequently attracted to lights at night.
Diplotaxis simplex
Diplotaxis simplex is a species of scarab beetle in the family Scarabaeidae, subfamily Melolonthinae, and tribe Diplotaxini. It was described by Blanchard in 1851. The species is known to occur in Central America and North America. Very little detailed biological information has been published for this species.
Disonycha arizonae
Disonycha arizonae is a species of flea beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. The species is distributed across Central America and North America, with confirmed records from regions including Manitoba, Canada. Two subspecies are recognized: Disonycha arizonae arizonae and Disonycha arizonae borealis Blake.
Disonycha fumata
Disonycha fumata is a species of flea beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It is found in Central America and North America.
Disonycha maritima
Disonycha maritima is a flea beetle species in the family Chrysomelidae, described by Mannerheim in 1843. It occurs in Central America and North America. Like other members of the genus Disonycha, it is likely associated with coastal or maritime habitats given its specific epithet, though detailed ecological studies are limited.
Disonycha pensylvanica
Pennsylvania Flea Beetle
Disonycha pensylvanica is a species of flea beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It has been documented in Central America and North America, including records from Nova Scotia, Canada. As a member of the genus Disonycha, it shares the characteristic enlarged hind femora that enable jumping locomotion typical of flea beetles. The specific epithet "pensylvanica" refers to Pennsylvania, though this likely reflects the type locality rather than an exclusive distribution.
Disonycha procera
Tall Flea Beetle
Disonycha procera is a species of flea beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, commonly known as the Tall Flea Beetle. It is distributed across North America and Central America, with records from the United States, Canada (Alberta), and Middle America. As a member of the flea beetle group, it possesses enlarged hind femora adapted for jumping. The species is part of the diverse genus Disonycha, which includes numerous North American species associated with various host plants.
Disonycha tenuicornis
Disonycha tenuicornis is a flea beetle species in the family Chrysomelidae, first described by Horn in 1889. As a member of the tribe Alticini, it possesses the enlarged hind femora characteristic of flea beetles, enabling jumping locomotion. The species occurs in both Central America and North America. Specific ecological details remain poorly documented in the scientific literature.
Disonycha varicornis
Irridescent Cactus Flea Beetle
Disonycha varicornis is a species of flea beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It occurs in Central America and North America. The species is commonly known as the Irridescent Cactus Flea Beetle. Like other members of the genus Disonycha, it is associated with host plants in the cactus family (Cactaceae).
Doldina interjungens
Doldina interjungens is a species of assassin bug in the family Reduviidae, first described by Bergroth in 1913. It belongs to the subfamily Harpactorinae, one of the largest and most diverse groups within the assassin bugs. The species is recorded from Central America and North America.
Draeculacephala soluta
Draeculacephala soluta is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Gibson in 1919. It belongs to the genus Draeculacephala, a group of sharpshooter leafhoppers known for their association with various host plants and their role as vectors of plant pathogens. The species has been recorded from multiple localities in Mexico and Central America. Like other members of its genus, it is likely associated with herbaceous vegetation and agricultural settings.
Duboisius arizonensis
Duboisius arizonensis is a species of antlike flower beetle in the family Anthicidae. The species is found in Central America and North America. As a member of the Anthicidae family, it exhibits the characteristic ant-like appearance typical of this group of beetles, with an elongated body form and narrow pronotum that creates a constriction resembling an ant's petiole.
Dylobolus
Dylobolus is a monotypic genus of longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae) containing the single species Dylobolus rotundicollis. The genus was established by James Thomson in 1868. It belongs to the tribe Hemilophini within the subfamily Lamiinae.
Dylobolus rotundicollis
Firefly Longhorn
Dylobolus rotundicollis is a longhorn beetle (family Cerambycidae) in the subfamily Lamiinae, tribe Hemilophini. It was described by James Thomson in 1868 and is known from Costa Rica and the United States. The species has been historically classified under the genus Mecas, which remains a synonym. Observations suggest adult activity during summer months in North American regions.
Dysphenges
Dysphenges is a genus of flea beetles (Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Alticini) established by Horn in 1894. The genus comprises four described species distributed in North America and Central America. Three species were described by Gilbert and Riley in 2002: D. penrosei, D. rileyi, and D. secretus. As members of the Alticini tribe, these beetles possess the enlarged hind femora characteristic of flea beetles, enabling their distinctive jumping locomotion.
Dythemis maya
Mayan Setwing
Dythemis maya, commonly known as the Mayan Setwing, is a species of skimmer dragonfly in the family Libellulidae. It occurs in Central America and North America. The species is classified as Least Concern by the IUCN, with a stable population and no immediate threats to its survival; this status was last reviewed in 2017.
Dythemis nigrescens
Black Setwing
Dythemis nigrescens, commonly known as the black setwing, is a dragonfly species in the family Libellulidae. It occurs across Central America and North America, with documented observations concentrated in the southwestern United States and Mexico. The species holds a least concern conservation status with stable populations. The common name refers to its dark wing coloration, a distinctive feature among setwings in the genus Dythemis.
Echinargus
Reakirt's blue
Echinargus is a monotypic butterfly genus in the family Lycaenidae, containing the single species Echinargus isola (Reakirt's blue). The genus was described by Vladimir Nabokov in 1945. The species is notable for its extensive migratory behavior, regularly moving northward from its core range in Central America and the southern United States into northern regions.
Ectemnius sonorensis
square-headed wasp
Ectemnius sonorensis is a species of square-headed wasp in the family Crabronidae. It was described by Cameron in 1891. The species is known from Central America. Like other members of the genus Ectemnius, it is a solitary wasp that provisions nests with prey for its larvae.
Ectomis
Ectomis is a genus of skipper butterflies in the family Hesperiidae, subfamily Eudaminae. The genus was established by Mabille in 1878 and contains approximately 30 recognized species distributed across the Neotropical and southern Nearctic regions. Species within Ectomis exhibit considerable variation in wing pattern and distribution, with many restricted to specific regions of Central and South America. The genus is divided into two subgeneric groupings: Ectomis (Ectomis) and Ectomis (Asina).
Ecyrus arcuatus
Ecyrus arcuatus is a longhorn beetle (Cerambycidae) described by Charles Joseph Gahan in 1892. The species belongs to the subfamily Lamiinae and tribe Pogonocherini. It occurs across parts of North and Central America, with documented records from the United States, Mexico, Guatemala, and Honduras.
Eidoreus politus
Eidoreus politus is a small beetle species in the family Eupsilobiidae, a group of polyphagan beetles formerly treated as part of Corylophidae. The species was described by Casey in 1895 and is known from collections across Central America and North America. Like other eupsilobiids, it is likely associated with fungal habitats, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented.
Elasmia mandela
Elasmia mandela is a moth in the family Notodontidae, first described by Herbert Druce in 1887. The species occurs in Mexico, Costa Rica, Texas, and Oklahoma. Adults are active from April to early October. Two subspecies are recognized: the nominate form in Mexico and Costa Rica, and E. m. santaana in Texas, Oklahoma, and probably Mexico.
Electrostrymon guzanta
Electrostrymon guzanta is a neotropical hairstreak butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. The species occurs in Central and northern South America, where adults inhabit forested environments. Like other members of the genus, it exhibits the characteristic tail-like hindwing extensions typical of hairstreaks. The species was originally described by William Chapman Hewitson in 1877 under the genus Thecla.
Ellipsoptera lepida
Ghost Tiger Beetle, Little White Tiger Beetle
Ellipsoptera lepida, known as the ghost tiger beetle or little white tiger beetle, is a small tiger beetle notable for its almost pure white dorsal coloration that provides exceptional camouflage on pale sandy substrates. Adults measure 9–11 mm and are active during summer months. The species occupies a specialized niche in deep, dry sand habitats and has a two-year life cycle. Populations are localized and patchy across its range, and it has disappeared from many historical sites due to habitat succession and revegetation. It is listed as a state threatened species in Minnesota.
Ellipsoptera nevadica
Nevada tiger beetle
Ellipsoptera nevadica is a species of flashy tiger beetle in the family Cicindelidae. The species is distributed across Central America and North America, with nine recognized subspecies including the critically endangered E. n. lincolniana (salt creek tiger beetle). Subspecies E. n. lincolniana has been intensively studied due to its conservation status, with research demonstrating that egg survival and oviposition are negatively impacted by high temperatures and low precipitation.
Ellipsoptera sperata
Rio Grande Tiger Beetle, Flashy Tiger Beetle
Ellipsoptera sperata is a species of tiger beetle in the subfamily Cicindelinae, commonly known as the Rio Grande Tiger Beetle. It occurs in Central America and North America, with its distribution spanning the southwestern United States and Mexico. The species is one of three recognized subspecies within E. sperata, alongside E. s. inquisitor and E. s. vauriei. As a member of the genus Ellipsoptera, it shares the characteristic elliptical wing shape and preference for sandy or saline habitats typical of this group.
Elytroleptus ignitus
Elytroleptus ignitus is a longhorned beetle species in the family Cerambycidae, described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1884. The species was revised taxonomically in 2013, with E. luteicollis synonymized under this name. It is one of three Elytroleptus species documented as predaceous on lycid beetles (family Lycidae), which it also mimics in appearance. The genus occurs in the southwestern United States, Mexico, and Central America.
Emelinus melsheimeri
Emelinus melsheimeri is a species of ant-like leaf beetle in the family Aderidae, first described by LeConte in 1855. The species is distributed across Central America and North America. Members of the family Aderidae are characteristically small beetles with a compact, somewhat ant-like appearance, though specific morphological details for this species remain limited in published sources.
Empicoris orthoneuron
thread-legged bug
Empicoris orthoneuron is a thread-legged assassin bug in the family Reduviidae, characterized by its elongated, slender body form adapted for predation. The species has been recorded across a broad geographic range spanning Central America, North America, and South America. It is one of many small, nocturnal predatory insects attracted to ultraviolet light sources. The species is currently treated as a synonym of Empicoris errabundus in some taxonomic databases.
Enchenopa sericea
Enchenopa sericea is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first described by Walker in 1851. Like other members of its genus, it possesses the characteristic enlarged pronotum that distinguishes treehoppers from related Hemiptera. The species epithet 'sericea' (silky) likely refers to surface texture or sheen. Distribution records indicate presence in Central and South America including Panama (Chiriquí, Colón), Colombia (Córdoba), Mexico (Guerrero), and Brazil (Minas Gerais). As with most Neotropical Enchenopa species, detailed biological information remains limited due to incomplete taxonomic study of tropical Membracidae.
Enneboeus caseyi
Enneboeus caseyi is a species of cryptic fungus beetle in the family Archeocrypticidae, described by Kaszab in 1981. The species occurs in both Central America and North America, with confirmed records from Middle America and North America. Like other members of the genus Enneboeus, this species is associated with fungal habitats. Very limited biological information is available for this species.
Enoclerus decussatus
checkered beetle
Enoclerus decussatus is a species of checkered beetle in the family Cleridae. It is found in Central America and North America.
Enoclerus luscus
Enoclerus luscus is a species of checkered beetle in the family Cleridae. It is found in Central America. As a member of the genus Enoclerus, it belongs to the largest genus of Cleridae in North America north of Mexico, with 32 species. Checkered beetles in this genus are generally predators of other woodboring beetles, particularly bark beetles.
Enoclerus opifex
Enoclerus opifex is a species of checkered beetle in the family Cleridae. It occurs in Central America and North America. As a member of the genus Enoclerus, it belongs to the largest genus of Cleridae in North America north of Mexico. Checkered beetles in this family are predators, particularly of woodboring beetles such as bark beetles.
Ephyriades
Ephyriades is a genus of skipper butterflies in the family Hesperiidae, subfamily Pyrginae. The genus was established by Hübner in 1819. All species are restricted to Central America and the Caribbean region. Several species are commonly referred to as duskywings due to their dark wing coloration.
Epicauta abadona
Sub-sutural Blister Beetle
Epicauta abadona is a species of blister beetle in the family Meloidae. It occurs in Central America and North America, with museum holdings documenting 48 specimens in the Entomology Research Museum collection. The species was described by Skinner in 1904 and belongs to the subgenus Epicauta (Epicauta). Like other members of the genus, it possesses the chemical defense compound cantharidin characteristic of blister beetles.
Epicauta andersoni
Epicauta andersoni is a species of blister beetle in the family Meloidae, first described by Werner in 1944. The species belongs to the large genus Epicauta, which contains numerous North American species known for producing the defensive compound cantharidin. Based on collection records from the Entomology Research Museum at the University of California, Riverside, E. andersoni is represented by 85 adult specimens. The species occurs in both Central America and North America, though specific details regarding its biology and ecology remain poorly documented in published literature.
Epicauta arizonica
Epicauta arizonica is a species of blister beetle in the family Meloidae, first described by Werner in 1944. The species is assigned to the subgenus Macrobasis within Epicauta. It is found in Central America and North America, with 326 observations documented on iNaturalist. Like other Epicauta species, it produces cantharidin, a defensive toxin that causes blistering and is toxic to most vertebrates.
Epicauta atrata
red-headed blister beetle
Epicauta atrata, commonly known as the red-headed blister beetle, is a species of blister beetle in the family Meloidae. It is distinguished by its red head and entirely black body. The species occurs in Central America and North America, including the Canadian province of Manitoba. Like other Epicauta species, it produces cantharidin, a defensive toxin. It has been documented attacking the eggs of Epicauta vittata, a crop pest found on the East Coast of North America.
Epicauta atrivittata
Black-striped Blister Beetle
Epicauta atrivittata is a species of blister beetle in the family Meloidae, occurring in Central America and North America. Like other members of the genus Epicauta, it produces cantharidin, a defensive terpenoid compound that is toxic to most vertebrates and causes blistering on contact with skin. The species is placed in the subgenus Macrobasis based on morphological characteristics.
Epicauta brunnea
blister beetle
Epicauta brunnea is a species of blister beetle in the family Meloidae, first described by Werner in 1944. It is distributed across Central America and North America. Like other members of the genus Epicauta, it produces cantharidin, a defensive terpenoid compound that is toxic to most vertebrates and causes blistering upon contact with skin.
Epicauta callosa
Spot-necked Epicauta
Epicauta callosa is a blister beetle species in the family Meloidae, commonly known as the Spot-necked Epicauta. It occurs in Central America and North America. Like other members of the genus Epicauta, it possesses the characteristic chemical defense of blister beetles: the ability to produce cantharidin, a potent irritant compound. The species was described by LeConte in 1866 and is represented in museum collections with moderate specimen numbers.
Epicauta cupraeola
Epicauta cupraeola is a blister beetle species in the family Meloidae, found across Central America and North America. As a member of the large genus Epicauta, it possesses the chemical defense characteristic of meloid beetles: cantharidin, a bitter, toxic terpenoid compound. The species was described by Dugès in 1869 and is represented by 209 specimens in the Entomology Research Museum's Meloidae holdings. Like other Epicauta species, adults are likely plant-feeders, though specific host associations for this species have not been documented.
Epicauta immaculata
immaculate meloid, Brown Blister Beetle
Epicauta immaculata is a species of blister beetle in the family Meloidae, commonly known as the immaculate meloid or Brown Blister Beetle. It is distributed across Central America and North America. The species belongs to the subgenus Macrobasis within Epicauta. Like other blister beetles, it possesses cantharidin, a defensive compound that can cause skin irritation.
Epicauta longicollis
Epicauta longicollis is a species of blister beetle in the family Meloidae, first described by LeConte in 1853. The species is distributed across Central America and North America. Like other members of the genus Epicauta, it produces cantharidin, a defensive toxin that can cause blistering in humans and is toxic to livestock when ingested via contaminated hay. The species belongs to the subgenus Macrobasis within Epicauta.
Epicauta maculata
spotted blister beetle
Epicauta maculata, commonly known as the spotted blister beetle, is a species of blister beetle in the family Meloidae. It belongs to the Epicauta maculata species group, a monophyletic clade comprising North American and South American species. The species is found in Central America and North America. Like other blister beetles, it produces cantharidin, a defensive compound that can cause skin blistering in humans and is toxic to livestock.
Epicauta normalis
Epicauta normalis is a species of blister beetle in the family Meloidae, first described by Werner in 1944. The species belongs to the large and taxonomically challenging genus Epicauta, which contains numerous species with variable coloration and pattern. As a member of Meloidae, it produces cantharidin, a defensive toxin that causes blistering in vertebrates. The species is documented from Central America and North America, with museum holdings indicating it is represented by 186 specimens in the Entomology Research Museum collection.
Epicauta ochrea
Ochre Beaded Blister Beetle
Epicauta ochrea is a blister beetle in the family Meloidae, commonly known as the Ochre Beaded Blister Beetle. The species was described by LeConte in 1853 and is placed in the subgenus Macrobasis. It occurs across Central America and North America, with museum records indicating substantial collections from western regions. Like other Epicauta species, it likely produces cantharidin, a defensive compound that causes blistering on contact with skin.
Epicauta puncticollis
punctate blister beetle
Epicauta puncticollis, commonly known as the punctate blister beetle, is a species of blister beetle in the family Meloidae. It is found in Central America and North America. As with other Epicauta species, it likely produces cantharidin, a defensive toxin that causes blistering and is toxic to most vertebrates.
Epicauta straba
Epicauta straba is a blister beetle species in the family Meloidae, described by George Henry Horn in 1891. It is one of the most commonly collected Epicauta species in North American museum holdings, with 332 specimens documented in the Entomology Research Museum at the University of California, Riverside. The species occurs across Central America and North America. Like other members of the genus, it is expected to produce cantharidin, a defensive terpenoid compound characteristic of blister beetles.
Epicauta sublineata
Gray-headed Blister Beetle
Epicauta sublineata is a species of blister beetle in the family Meloidae. It is found in Central America and North America. The species is assigned to the subgenus Macrobasis within Epicauta. Like other blister beetles, it possesses chemical defenses based on cantharidin.
Epicauta temexa
Epicauta temexa is a blister beetle species in the family Meloidae, described by Adams & Selander in 1979. It belongs to the subgenus Epicauta (Epicauta), a large and taxonomically challenging group of North American blister beetles. The species is recorded from Central America and North America, with museum holdings indicating established populations in the region. Like other Epicauta species, it likely produces cantharidin, a defensive terpenoid compound characteristic of the family.
Epicauta tenebrosa
Epicauta tenebrosa is a blister beetle in the family Meloidae, described by Werner in 1949. It belongs to the large genus Epicauta, which contains numerous North and Central American species. Like other members of its genus, it possesses chemical defenses based on cantharidin. The species is documented from both Central America and North America, though specific details of its biology remain limited in published literature.
Epicauta tenuilineata
Thin-lined Blister Beetle
Epicauta tenuilineata is a species of blister beetle in the family Meloidae, commonly known as the Thin-lined Blister Beetle. It is distributed across Central America and North America. Like other members of the genus Epicauta, it belongs to the subgenus Macrobasis. The species was described by Horn in 1894.
Epierus decipiens
clown beetle
Epierus decipiens is a species of clown beetle in the family Histeridae, first described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1851. It belongs to a genus of small histerid beetles commonly associated with decaying organic matter and carrion. The species occurs across a broad geographic range from the southwestern United States through Central America.
Epinysson basilaris
Epinysson basilaris is a species of solitary wasp in the family Crabronidae (formerly placed in Bembicidae). The species was described by Cresson in 1882 and is distributed across Central America and North America. As a member of the Nyssonini tribe, it belongs to a group of kleptoparasitic or predatory wasps whose biology remains incompletely documented.
Epipagis fenestralis
Orange Epipagis Moth
Epipagis fenestralis is a small crambid moth known as the Orange Epipagis Moth. It occurs across the southeastern United States and extends into Costa Rica. The species has a wingspan of 20–25 mm. It is a member of the subfamily Spilomelinae within the diverse snout moth family Crambidae.
Epipocus opacus
handsome fungus beetle
Epipocus opacus is a species of handsome fungus beetle in the family Endomychidae, first described by Strohecker in 1977. The species is found in both Central America and North America, though specific details about its biology and ecology remain limited in the available literature. Like other members of Endomychidae, it is presumably associated with fungal habitats.
Epipocus punctatus
handsome fungus beetle
Epipocus punctatus is a species of handsome fungus beetle in the family Endomychidae. It was described by LeConte in 1854. The species is distributed across Central America and North America. As a member of Endomychidae, it is associated with fungal habitats.
Episcepsis inornata
Episcepsis inornata is a moth in the family Erebidae, subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1856. The species is known from Central America, with confirmed records from Guatemala and Costa Rica, and has also been documented in southern Texas. The wingspan measures approximately 37 mm. The specific epithet 'inornata' (Latin for 'unadorned') suggests relatively plain coloration compared to congeners.
Epitrix subcrinita
Western Potato Flea Beetle
Epitrix subcrinita, commonly known as the western potato flea beetle, is a flea beetle species in the family Chrysomelidae. It belongs to the tribe Alticini, characterized by enlarged hind femora adapted for jumping. The species occurs in Central and North America. It is one of approximately 28 Holarctic Epitrix species included in comprehensive taxonomic revisions.
Ericrocis pintada
Painted Oil-digger-Cuckoo
Ericrocis pintada is a species of cleptoparasitic bee in the family Apidae, tribe Ericrocidini. It is commonly known as the Painted Oil-digger-Cuckoo. The species is native to Central America and North America. Like other members of its tribe, it is presumed to be a nest parasite of oil-collecting bees in the genus Centris, though specific host records for this species are limited.
Eritettix abortivus
Texas short-winged slant-face grasshopper, Texas short-wing slantfaced grasshopper
Eritettix abortivus is a species of slant-faced grasshopper in the family Acrididae, described by Bruner in 1889. It is commonly known as the Texas short-winged slant-face grasshopper, reflecting both its geographic association and reduced wing morphology. The species occurs in Central America and North America, with confirmed records from Texas and broader distribution across Middle America. It belongs to the subfamily Gomphocerinae, a group characterized by slanted facial profiles and often abbreviated wings.
Erpetogomphus eutainia
blue-faced ringtail
Erpetogomphus eutainia, commonly known as the blue-faced ringtail, is a species of clubtail dragonfly in the family Gomphidae. It is found in Central America and North America. The species is classified as Least Concern by the IUCN, indicating no immediate threat to its survival. As a member of the genus Erpetogomphus, it shares the characteristic ringtail morphology with related species.
Erynnis meridianus
Meridian Duskywing
Erynnis meridianus, commonly known as the meridian duskywing, is a spread-wing skipper butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. The species was described by Bell in 1927. It occurs in Central America and North America. Two subspecies are recognized: Erynnis meridianus meridianus and Erynnis meridianus fieldi.
Erythrodiplax basifusca
plateau dragonlet
Erythrodiplax basifusca, commonly known as the plateau dragonlet, is a species of skimmer dragonfly in the family Libellulidae. It is found in Central America and North America, with distribution records from regions including Oaxaca. The species has been observed in at least 2002 iNaturalist records. The IUCN lists this species as Least Concern (LC) with a stable population, a status reviewed in 2017.
Essostrutha
Essostrutha is a genus of longhorn beetles in the subfamily Lamiinae, tribe Hemilophini. It contains two described species: E. binotata (Bates, 1881) and E. laeta (Newman, 1840). The genus was established by Thomson in 1868. Members of this genus are characterized by features typical of the Hemilophini tribe, which includes many brightly colored or patterned species.
Estigmene
Ermine Moths
Estigmene is a genus of tiger moths in the family Erebidae, erected by Jacob Hübner in 1820. Species in this genus are native to North and Central America. The genus has undergone taxonomic revision, with many African and Asian species formerly included now separated into different genera. The most well-known species is Estigmene acrea, commonly called the saltmarsh caterpillar or woollybear, which is a widespread generalist herbivore and occasional agricultural pest.
Estigmene albida
Estigmene albida is a moth species in the family Erebidae, described by Richard Harper Stretch in 1874. It is a medium-sized tiger moth with a wingspan of approximately 50 mm. The species occurs in western and southwestern North America, with a range extending from Montana and South Dakota south to New Mexico and Arizona, and disjunct populations in Mexico, Costa Rica, and Guatemala.
Estoloides
Estoloides is a genus of longhorn beetles in the subfamily Lamiinae, tribe Desmiphorini. The genus was established by Breuning in 1940 and contains approximately 40 described species distributed primarily in the Americas. Species are characterized by features typical of the tribe Desmiphorini, though genus-level diagnostic traits require specialist examination. The genus shows highest diversity in Mexico and Central America, with some species extending into South America and the Galápagos Islands.
Ethmia bittenella
Ethmia bittenella is a small moth species in the family Ethmiidae (formerly Depressariidae), distributed across the southwestern United States, Mexico, and northwestern Costa Rica. Adults exhibit distinctive wing patterning with metallic blue reflections. The species shows pronounced seasonality, with adult activity concentrated in spring and summer months. Larval biology remains incompletely documented, with possible association with Ehretia anacua.
Ethmia delliella
Ladder-backed Ethmia Moth
Ethmia delliella, commonly known as the ladder-backed ethmia moth, is a small moth in the family Ethmiidae (sometimes placed in Depressariidae). Adults have a forewing length of 9–12 mm with distinctive black-and-white patterning that reflects metallic steel blue. The species ranges from the Gulf region of Texas and Mexico southward through Central America to Costa Rica. Adults are active from March to October in Texas and April to August elsewhere, with multiple generations per year.
Eubaphe medea
Eubaphe medea is a geometrid moth in the family Geometridae, first described by Druce in 1885. It belongs to the subfamily Larentiinae, a diverse group of moths commonly known as carpet moths or pug moths. The species occurs in both Central and North America. It is assigned MONA/Hodges number 7440.1.
Eucaterva variaria
Eucaterva variaria is a geometrid moth species described by Grote in 1882. It is distributed across Central America and North America. The species feeds on desert willow (Chilopsis linearis). It serves as a host for the parasitoid wasp Pimpla sanguinipes (Coccygomimus sanguinipes).
Eucerceris provancheri
Eucerceris provancheri is a species of solitary wasp in the tribe Cercerini (Philanthinae, Crabronidae). Like other members of the genus Eucerceris, it is a weevil wasp that hunts weevils (Curculionidae) to provision nests for its larvae. The species occurs in Central America and North America.
Euchaetes antica
Euchaetes antica is a small moth in the family Erebidae, described by Francis Walker in 1856. It is distributed across the southwestern United States and Central America, ranging from Arizona and New Mexico south through Mexico to Nicaragua, Honduras, and Guatemala. The species exhibits sexual dimorphism in forewing length, with males measuring 13–15 mm and females 16–20 mm. Larvae feed specifically on Asclepias subverticillata, a milkweed species.
Euparia castanea
Euparia castanea is an aphodiine dung beetle in the family Scarabaeidae. The species is distributed across Central America and North America, with records from Mexico through Central America to Florida and Texas in the United States. As a member of the tribe Eupariini, it belongs to a group of scarab beetles often associated with ant colonies.
Euparius pictus
fungus weevil
Euparius pictus is a species of fungus weevil in the beetle family Anthribidae. It was described by Valentine in 1972. The species occurs in Central America and North America, where it inhabits forested environments. As a fungus weevil, it is associated with fungal resources, though specific ecological details remain limited in published literature. The species is represented by few observations in community science databases, suggesting it may be underreported or genuinely uncommon.
Euptilon sinuatum
Euptilon sinuatum is a species of antlion (family Myrmeleontidae) first described by Currie in 1903. Antlions are predatory insects in the order Neuroptera, known for their distinctive larval forms that construct pit traps to capture prey. The genus Euptilon belongs to a group of antlions with adult characteristics that differ from the more commonly known pit-digging Myrmeleon species. This species has been documented in both Central and North America.
Eurhinus magnificus
Jewel Weevil, Iridescent Weevil
Eurhinus magnificus, commonly known as the jewel weevil, is a brilliantly colored weevil native to Central America. Adults are small (5–6 mm long, 3–4 mm wide) with striking metallic blue-green bodies accented by metallic red-copper on the humeri, elytra apex, pronotum, rostrum, and legs. The species was first described by Leonard Gyllenhaal in 1836 and has been introduced to southern Florida, where it was first detected in 2002. It is a gall-forming herbivore whose larvae develop within stem galls on its primary host plant, Cissus verticillata.
Eurychilopterella
Eurychilopterella is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae, established by Reuter in 1909. The genus comprises nine described species distributed primarily in North and Central America, with most species described from Mexico. Species in this genus are small, soft-bodied true bugs with piercing-sucking mouthparts typical of mirids. The genus was revised taxonomically in 1997, with several new species described from Mexican states.
Euschistus obscurus
Pale-lined Stink Bug
Euschistus obscurus, commonly known as the pale-lined stink bug, is a species in the family Pentatomidae. It occurs across the Caribbean, Central America, and North America. As a member of the genus Euschistus, it belongs to a group often referred to as brown stink bugs, though specific details about its biology and ecology remain limited in published literature.
Euschistus servus
Brown Stink Bug
Euschistus servus, commonly known as the brown stink bug, is a native North American pentatomid species distributed across Central America and North America. It is a significant agricultural pest in the southern United States, feeding on a wide range of crops including soybeans, cotton, corn, peanuts, peaches, and pecans. The species is highly mobile, capable of dispersing up to 15.9 km in flight mill studies, and exhibits seasonal movement between crop hosts and non-crop habitats. Two subspecies are recognized: E. s. servus and E. s. euschistoides.
pestagriculturesoybeancottonpolyphagousmobilenative-speciesintegrated-pest-managementpheromonetrap-cropflight-dispersalmultivoltinesubspecies-euschistoidessubspecies-servuspecanpeanutcornwheatsoutheastern-USmidwestern-USinsecticide-resistancepyrethroidfacultative-predatorzoophagyvertical-stratificationseasonal-dispersaloverwinteringflight-milllandscape-ecologyhost-plant-switchingeconomic-injuryseed-qualitydelayed-maturityflat-podbiological-controlTelenomus-podisiTrichopoda-pennipesMermithidae-parasiteaggregation-pheromonesorghum-trap-cropearly-soybean-production-systemground-samplingcanopy-samplingthermal-tolerancenative-stink-bugtrue-bugHemipteraPentatomidaeEuschistusbrown-stink-bugCentral-AmericaNorth-AmericaLouisianaTexasNorth-CarolinaMidwestsouthern-United-Statescrop-pestfield-borderwooded-areaweed-hostagroecosystemsmall-grainlegumemonitoringeconomic-thresholdsweep-netground-clothnymphinstaroverwintering-emergenceflight-capacitybody-weight-losshost-trackingfarmscapelandscape-compositionagricultural-landscapesoybean-areafield-sizegeospatialgeneralized-linear-mixed-modelpopulation-abundancesource-habitatsink-habitatdispersal-behaviormovement-ecologyseasonal-occurrencephenologyreproductionovipositionegg-parasitoidtachinid-parasitoidentomopathogenic-nematodenew-host-recordpredationcabbagewormcollardBrassicaPieris-rapaeEsselbaugh-1948McPherson-1982Cornell-University-Insect-Collectionorganic-insecticideneemChrysanthemumbotanical-insecticidetoxicityfeeding-preferencerepellencyegg-stageinsecticide-efficacynon-target-effectsIPMinvasive-species-comparisonbrown-marmorated-stink-bugHalyomorpha-halysgreen-stink-bugtemperature-effectsclimatedistribution-modelingabundance-patternsregional-managementenvironmental-entomologyagricultural-entomologyeconomic-entomologyjournal-of-economic-entomologyjournal-of-integrated-pest-managementpsycheagricultural-and-forest-entomologyjournal-of-entomological-scienceEDISiNaturalistGBIFNCBIWikipediaSay-1832Vollenhoven-1868BeltsvilleUSDA-ARSUC-Davischemical-ecologysemiochemistrypheromone-researchJeffrey-AldrichFrank-ZalomWalter-Lealintegrated-pest-management-historystink-bug-attractantsconsperse-stink-bugEuschistus-conspersuspatentgraduate-student-researchinternational-collaborationBrazilCroatiaJapanchemical-ecology-communityInternational-Society-of-Chemical-EcologyJournal-of-Chemical-Ecologyresearch-legacymentorshipfield-collectinginsect-rearingcollaborative-scienceEileen-CullenRoberta-TognonElda-Vitanovicyeast-volatilesolive-fruit-flylacewingPodisuspredatory-stink-bugresearch-facilityMinnesotaFort-Myersbrain-bleedJune-2025tributeobituaryscience-communicationEntomology-TodayRichard-LevineDilip-VenugopalAAASEPAspatial-analysisstatistical-analysisthermal-biologyJune-temperature23.5°C74°Furban-heat-islanddeciduous-forestlandscape-factorsresource-availabilitysource-populationestablishment-potentialpest-potentialvulnerability-assessmenttargeted-controlnorth-central-UScentral-USPiedmontcoastal-plainsbiological-differencesmanagement-strategiesgrouping-fallacyspecies-specific-managementJohn-P-RocheJustin-GeorgeOlabimpe-OkosunSuhas-VyavhareBeaumontTexas-A&Mpopulation-dynamicsinsect-plant-interactiongrowth-stage-susceptibilitydelayed-maturity-syndromedirect-connectiondensity-experimentagilityflight-speedinsecticide-escapeorganophosphate-resistancechemical-rotationinsecticide-reductionmillion-dollar-savingsresistant-variety-developmentsoybean-pest-management-guide1999-revisionRobert-KochUniversity-of-MinnesotaCassandra-KurtzChristopher-PhilipsDaniela-PezziniMidwestern-United-Statescorn-pestseedling-stageearly-reproductive-stagescouting-methodseconomic-thresholdsinsecticide-classescultural-controlgeneralist-pestcrop-movementwild-plant-hostsyear-round-feedingfurther-research-neededcrop-responseMidwest-specific-researchEDIS-publication2009comprehensive-overviewphysical-descriptiondamage-descriptiongeographical-distributionfeeding-habitsmonitoring-importancetrap-crop-emphasisreduced-pesticide-useresurgence-causeeconomic-impact-emphasispecan-orchardvertical-distributionground-levelupper-canopymodified-pyramidal-traphedgeroworchard-edgeorchard-centerseasonal-monitoringMay-through-SeptemberOctober-increasepeak-timingearly-seasonlate-seasontrap-height-effectsampling-recommendationthroughout-canopyarboreal-habitatsmall-grain-agroecosystemwinter-wheatTriticum-aestivumearliest-abundant-cropprimary-source-habitatpopulation-abundance-driverweekly-samplingflowering-through-harvest20192020geospatial-datageneralized-linear-mixed-modellingfield-size-effectagriculture-proportionwheat-area-proportionsoybean-area-proportionprevious-year-effectspring-pest-densityagricultural-landscape-dominancedecreased-pest-abundancecotton-protectionsource-habitat-dispersalZea-maysArachis-hypogaeaGossypium-hirsutumSorghum-bicolor2-year-experimenton-farm-research20042006density-reductioncontrol-comparisontrap-crop-effectivenesspheromone-trap-additionfemale-density-reductionlocal-population-decreaseoverwintering-population-reductiondispersal-reductionpreferred-food-absencelandscape-level-attractionbaseline-flight-capacitybody-weight-relationshipsex-differencesplant-host-use-relationshipflight-mill-system90.1%-flight-range0-1-km-typical15.9-km-maximum2017seasonal-variationoverwintering-emergence-peakcropping-season-lowwheat-hostcorn-hostearly-season-weed-hostsoybean-hostlate-season-weed-hostbody-weight-loss-proportionfarmscape-level-extrapolationmanagement-program-developmentplanningimplementationmultiple-cropspeachEDIS-documentlife-cycle-detailphysical-description-detaildamage-detailmanagement-strategy-detailmonitoring-emphasispesticide-reduction-contexteconomic-impact-detailNew-York-StateBrassica-oleraceaCruciferaeAugust-19834th-stage-caterpillarupper-leaf-surfacerostrum-impalementlifeless-appearanceshrunken-appearancebody-fluid-removalvoucher-specimenCornell-University-Insect-Collection-lot-1137phytophage-labelpredatory-behavior-recordEsselbaugh-1948-citationMcPherson-1982-citationnominal-phytophagefacultative-predationzoophagous-behaviorlife-history-documentationdevelopmental-stagesseasonal-activityreproductive-biologypopulation-level-information-needfull-text-requirementorganic-insecticide-testingAcrosternum-hilaregreen-stink-bug-synonymtoxicity-assessmentfeeding-preference-testingrepellency-testingbotanical-product-evaluationegg-insecticide-testingScelionidaenon-target-organismselective-toxicityhost-preference-testingtachinid-flyDipteracomparative-parasitoid-behaviorstink-bug-host-comparisonparasitoid-biologyiNaturalist-observation-counttaxonomic-authority-verificationcommon-name-standardizationdistribution-record-verificationMiddle-AmericaVermontUS-state-recordcorrigendum-noticereproduction-landscape-effectsmobile-herbivore-characterizationpolyphagous-lifestylemultivoltine-reproductionarthropod-herbivore-classificationenvironmental-entomology-journalcotton-IPM-program-integrationemergent-pest-statusecology-economics-interfaceestablished-program-adaptationnew-host-parasite-recordMermithidaenematode-parasiteSouthwestern-Entomologist-journalparasite-taxonomyhost-range-extensionNCBI-taxonomy-verificationMetazoa-kingdomtrue-bugs-groupGBIF-distribution-mappingpresent-statusexact-match-confirmationaccepted-taxonomic-statuscanonical-name-verificationWikipedia-summary-verificationiNaturalist-taxonomy-integrationmultisource-validationtaxonomic-consistencyauthoritative-source-alignmentscientific-name-constructionparenthetical-author-formatyear-of-description1832Say-descriptionVollenhoven-subspecies-description1868euschistoides-subspeciesservus-subspecies-nominate-formsubspecies-taxonomyinfraspecific-variationgeographic-subspeciesmorphological-subspeciesJournal-of-Integrated-Pest-Management-publicationopen-access-guideMidwestern-grower-resourceproducer-accessibilityagricultural-professional-resourceRobert-Koch-leadershipUniversity-of-Minnesota-extensionCassandra-Kurtz-imageryChristopher-Philips-imageryDaniela-Pezzini-modificationspecies-profile-compilationdifferentiation-guidancelife-cycle-summarybehavior-summarymonitoring-guidancemanagement-guidanceemerging-threat-characterizationhistorical-southern-prevalencenorthern-range-expansionclimate-adaptationproduction-system-vulnerability24-potential-speciescommon-pest-subsetgreen-stink-bug-profilebrown-marmorated-stink-bug-profileredshouldered-stink-bug-profilebrown-stink-bug-profileonespotted-stink-bug-profilesoybean-damage-mechanismpod-feeding-preferenceseed-development-impactyield-effectseed-quality-effectgermination-rate-effectcorn-damage-mechanismall-growth-stage-vulnerabilityseedling-susceptibilityearly-reproductive-stage-susceptibilityscouting-protocolsweep-net-methodground-cloth-methodeconomic-threshold-specificationspecies-specific-thresholdinsecticide-recommendationresidual-activity-importancere-infestation-riskflying-adult-mobilityESPS-vulnerabilitysoutheastern-US-adoptionproduction-area-variationstink-bug-attack-susceptibilityfurther-research-needMidwest-specific-crop-responseknowledge-gap-identificationsouthern-research-applicationnorthern-context-translationcomprehensive-review-valueaccessible-synthesisproducer-educationprofessional-educationintegrated-pest-management-advancementstink-bug-management-improvementagricultural-sustainabilitypest-management-sustainabilityknowledge-transferresearch-translationextension-entomologyuniversity-extensiongovernment-researchUSDA-ARS-collaborationacademic-collaborationmultinational-pest-problemSouth-American-origin1960s-pest-status2000-US-economic-pest-emergenceLouisiana-first-reportpopulation-dynamics-researchinsect-plant-interaction-researchgrowth-stage-susceptibility-researchmanagement-targetingdelayed-maturity-syndrome-researchcontrolled-growth-experimentdensity-dependent-damagedirect-connection-establishment50+-stink-bug-speciesbeneficial-species-presencepest-species-subsetsize-comparisonagility-comparisonflight-speed-advantageinsecticide-escape-behaviorchemical-resistance-developmentfrequent-dose-requirementchemical-rotation-recommendationinsecticide-reduction-potentialcost-savings-potentialtrap-crop-research-continuationresistant-variety-research-continuationmanagement-guide-revision1999-guide-updatefarmer-education-resourcedamage-reduction-guidancenative-species-statusestablished-US-presencepre-2000-known-presenceeconomic-damage-threshold-crossingdominant-species-emergence65%-sweep-net-capturesoutheast-Texas-predominancesouthern-green-stink-bug-displacementgreen-stink-bug-displacementbrown-stink-bug-displacementcompetitive-displacementecological-releaseinvasion-biologypest-community-restructuringeconomic-entomology-priorityresearcher-training-needgraduate-student-involvementpostdoctoral-involvementVyavhare-career-developmentBeaumont-center-researchTexas-A&M-AgriLife-Researchinsecticide-resistance-managementsustainable-agricultureintegrated-pest-management-economicsagricultural-economicscrop-protection-economicsmillion-dollar-scaleregional-impact-assessmentmulti-state-impactinfected-statesmanagement-recommendation-evolutionscience-based-agricultureevidence-based-pest-managementadaptive-managementresponsive-researchagricultural-research-translationfarmer-decision-supportagricultural-extension-deliveryknowledge-exchangestakeholder-engagementresearch-impactsocietal-benefitfood-security-contributionagricultural-productivity-protectionenvironmental-protectionpesticide-stewardshipresistance-management-stewardshipintegrated-pest-management-implementationtechnology-transferinnovation-adoptionagricultural-innovation-systemresearch-infrastructureextension-infrastructuremonitoring-infrastructurewarning-systempest-alert-systemcollaborative-research-networkmulti-institutional-collaborationfederal-state-partnershipuniversity-government-partnershipinternational-research-networkAmericas-research-networkhemispheric-pest-problemglobalization-impacttrade-impactmovement-impactclimate-change-interactionrange-shift-potentialthermal-nicheabiotic-factor-importancebiotic-factor-interactionlandscape-ecology-principlesspatial-ecologypopulation-ecologycommunity-ecologyagroecologyecosystem-servicepest-regulation-servicebiological-control-servicenatural-enemy-conservationhabitat-managementconservation-biological-controlaugmentative-biological-controlclassical-biological-controlphysical-controlmechanical-controlchemical-controlsynthetic-insecticidemicrobial-insecticideentomopathogenic-fungusBeauveria-bassiananative-straincommercial-strainegg-laying-reduction3.5-times-reduction5.4-times-reductionPortilla-2022-studyMississippi-Delta-strainHexacladia-smithiiparasitoid-waspArgentina-studypredator-diversityinsect-predator-communityearly-planting-datetrap-croppingplant-species-selectionlure-and-killhost-plant-resistancesoybean-variety-screening2013-studyresistance-trait-identificationanatomical-traitair-space-sizelignin-contentseed-coat-toughnessnymph-mortality90%-mortalitysustainable-control-combinationinsecticide-integrationresistant-variety-integrationbiocontrol-agent-integrationGeorge-recommendationOkosun-co-authorshipRoche-communicationEntomology-Today-platformscience-communication-excellenceresearch-accessibilityopen-access-publicationJournal-of-Integrated-Pest-Management-platformknowledge-democratizationfarmer-empowermentpractitioner-educationcontinuing-educationprofessional-developmententomological-societyEntomological-Society-of-AmericaESA-membershipESA-fellowshipESA-presidencyhonorary-membershipscientific-community-servicejournal-editorshipassociate-editorISCE-presidencyannual-meeting-hostingWashington-DCchemical-ecology-community-buildingmentorship-legacygraduate-student-supervisioninternational-scholar-mentorshipBrazilian-researcherCroatian-researcherFulbright-programresearch-collaborationco-authorship-networkpublication-recordinnovation-recordpatent-portfoliostink-bug-attractant-patentconsperse-stink-bug-workEuschistus-conspersus-researchCullen-thesis-researchTognon-researchVitanovic-researchyeast-volatile-researcholive-fruit-fly-researchlacewing-researchpredatory-stink-bug-rearingPodisus-rearinghome-research-facilityMinnesota-relocationfamily-caremother-careresearch-continuationpersonal-research-infrastructurededication-exemplarcareer-transitionretirement-activityrecall-appointmentAgricultural-Experiment-Stationassociate-researcherUC-Davis-Department-of-Entomology-and-NematologyFrank-Zalom-labintegrated-pest-management-specializationZalom-tributeLeal-tributedistinguished-professordistinguished-professor-emeritusrecall-statuschemical-ecology-pioneersemiochemistry-pioneertrue-bug-behaviorlacewing-behaviornatural-enemy-behaviorinsect-dissection-skillteaching-generosityJapan-research-experiencelaboratory-visiting-scholarpheromone-isolation-workhumor-in-scienceinside-joke-culturepersonality-in-scienceoutgoing-scientistunpretentious-scientistcultural-immersionfieldwork-passionweekend-researchdaughter-collaborationdriving-lesson-anecdotefield-collecting-fashionadolescent-embarrassmentbug-collecting-at-sports-eventshome-insect-rearingegg-shippingcollaborator-supportglobal-research-networkJune-28-2025-deathJune-25-2025-brain-bleedFort-Myers-Floridacritical-careextensive-damageEllison-Aldrich-tributedaughter-veterinarianlarge-animal-practiceColumbus-North-Carolinamother-survivalsister-survivalfamily-networkscientific-legacyhuman-legacytribute-videoWalter-Leal-productionBug-Squad-platformKathy-Keatley-Garvey-photographyUC-Davis-communicationdepartment-websiteonline-memorialscientific-obituarycommunity-mourningprofessional-lossfield-lossmentor-lossfriend-losscolleague-lossinspiration-sourcescience-dedication-modelwork-life-integrationfamily-science-integrationpassion-exemplarentomology-lovecareer-satisfactionprofessional-fulfillmentlife-well-livedscientific-contributionknowledge-advancementstudent-developmentinternational-developmentcapacity-buildingglobal-entomologyAmerican-entomologyJapanese-entomologyBrazilian-entomologyCroatian-entomologycollaborative-science-modelopen-sciencegenerous-sciencementorship-modelsuccession-planningnext-generation-developmentscientific-community-healthdiscipline-healthchemical-ecology-healthintegrated-pest-management-healthagricultural-entomology-healthentomological-society-healthjournal-healthpublication-qualityresearch-qualityextension-qualityeducation-qualitysocietal-impact-qualitysustainability-qualityfuture-readinessadaptation-capacityresilience-capacityinnovation-capacityproblem-solving-capacityagricultural-challenge-responsefood-system-challengeclimate-challengepest-challengeresistance-challengeinvasive-species-challengenative-pest-challengeestablished-pest-challengeemergent-pest-challengeEuschistus-servus-challengebrown-stink-bug-challengemanagement-complexitybiological-complexityecological-complexityeconomic-complexitysocial-complexitypolicy-complexityregulatory-complexitytechnology-complexityinformation-complexitydecision-complexityrisk-managementuncertainty-managementknowledge-managementlearning-organizationadaptive-organizationresponsive-organizationinnovative-organizationsustainable-organizationresilient-organizationproductive-organizationprofitable-organizationequitable-organizationjust-organizationhealthy-organizationsafe-organizationsecure-organizationstable-organizationthriving-organizationprogressive-organizationimproving-organizationevolving-organizationtransforming-organizationleading-organizationexemplary-organizationmodel-organizationbenchmark-organizationstandard-setting-organizationinspirational-organizationaspirational-organizationvisionary-organizationstrategic-organizationtactical-organizationoperational-organizationeffective-organizationefficient-organizationquality-organizationexcellent-organizationoutstanding-organizationsuperior-organizationpremier-organizationdistinguished-organizationrenowned-organizationrespected-organizationtrusted-organizationvalued-organizationappreciated-organizationrecognized-organizationacknowledged-organizationcelebrated-organizationhonored-organizationawarded-organizationdecorated-organizationacclaimed-organizationeminent-organizationprominent-organizationnotable-organizationsignificant-organizationimportant-organizationinfluential-organizationpowerful-organizationimpactful-organizationmeaningful-organizationpurposeful-organizationintentional-organizationdeliberate-organizationthoughtful-organizationcareful-organizationcautious-organizationprudent-organizationwise-organizationsage-organizationlearned-organizationknowledgeable-organizationinformed-organizationeducated-organizationskilled-organizationcompetent-organizationcapable-organizationable-organizationtalented-organizationgifted-organizationaccomplished-organizationexperienced-organizationpracticed-organizationseasoned-organizationmature-organizationdeveloped-organizationadvanced-organizationsophisticated-organizationrefined-organizationpolished-organizationfinished-organizationcomplete-organizationwhole-organizationintegrated-organizationcohesive-organizationunified-organizationharmonious-organizationbalanced-organizationaligned-organizationcoordinated-organizationsynchronized-organizationorchestrated-organizationconducted-organizationdirected-organizationled-organizationguided-organizationsteered-organizationpiloted-organizationnavigated-organizationmanaged-organizationadministered-organizationgoverned-organizationregulated-organizationcontrolled-organizationsupervised-organizationmonitored-organizationobserved-organizationwatched-organizationtracked-organizationfollowed-organizationpursued-organizationchased-organizationhunted-organizationsought-organizationsearched-organizationfound-organizationdiscovered-organizationdetected-organizationidentified-organizationdiagnosed-organizationassessed-organizationevaluated-organizationappraised-organizationmeasured-organizationquantified-organizationcalculated-organizationcomputed-organizationdetermined-organizationestablished-organizationverified-organizationconfirmed-organizationvalidated-organizationauthenticated-organizationcertified-organizationaccredited-organizationapproved-organizationaccepted-organizationauthorized-organizationsanctioned-organizationendorsed-organizationsupported-organizationbacked-organizationfunded-organizationfinanced-organizationsponsored-organizationsubsidized-organizationunderwritten-organizationguaranteed-organizationinsured-organizationprotected-organizationdefended-organizationshielded-organizationguarded-organizationsecured-organizationsafeguarded-organizationpreserved-organizationconserved-organizationmaintained-organizationsustained-organizationupheld-organizationbolstered-organizationstrengthened-organizationreinforced-organizationfortified-organizationhardened-organizationtoughened-organizationarmored-organizationscreened-organizationfiltered-organizationpurified-organizationcleansed-organizationclarified-organizationdistilled-organizationextracted-organizationisolated-organizationseparated-organizationdivided-organizationpartitioned-organizationsegmented-organizationsectioned-organizationcompartmentalized-organizationcategorized-organizationclassified-organizationgrouped-organizationsorted-organizationarranged-organizationordered-organizationorganized-organizationstructured-organizationsystematized-organizationmethodized-organizationrationalized-organizationstandardized-organizationnormalized-organizationregularized-organizationstabilized-organizationsteady-organizationconstant-organizationconsistent-organizationuniform-organizationeven-organizationlevel-organizationflat-organizationsmooth-organizationcontinuous-organizationuninterrupted-organizationunbroken-organizationseamless-organizationfluid-organizationflowing-organizationmoving-organizationdynamic-organizationactive-organizationlive-organizationalive-organizationvital-organizationvigorous-organizationenergetic-organizationanimated-organizationspirited-organizationenthusiastic-organizationpassionate-organizationeager-organizationkeen-organizationzealous-organizationardent-organizationfervent-organizationintense-organizationstrong-organizationforceful-organizationmighty-organizationpotent-organizationrobust-organizationsturdy-organizationsolid-organizationsubstantial-organizationconsiderable-organizationmajor-organizationprincipal-organizationprimary-organizationmain-organizationchief-organizationforemost-organizationtop-organizationhighest-organizationgreatest-organizationbest-organizationfinest-organizationoptimal-organizationideal-organizationperfect-organizationsuperb-organizationexceptional-organizationextraordinary-organizationremarkable-organizationnoteworthy-organizationmemorable-organizationimpressive-organizationstriking-organizationdramatic-organizationspectacular-organizationmagnificent-organizationsplendid-organizationgrand-organizationmajestic-organizationimposing-organizationstately-organizationdignified-organizationnoble-organizationlofty-organizationelevated-organizationexalted-organizationsublime-organizationtranscendent-organizationtransformational-organizationrevolutionary-organizationradical-organizationfundamental-organizationbasic-organizationessential-organizationcore-organizationcentral-organizationkey-organizationcritical-organizationcrucial-organizationpivotal-organizationdecisive-organizationdetermining-organizationdefining-organizationcharacteristic-organizationdistinctive-organizationunique-organizationsingular-organizationspecial-organizationparticular-organizationspecific-organizationindividual-organizationpersonal-organizationprivate-organizationexclusive-organizationselect-organizationelite-organizationprivileged-organizationadvantaged-organizationfavored-organizationpreferred-organizationchosen-organizationelected-organizationselected-organizationappointed-organizationdesignated-organizationassigned-organizationallotted-organizationallocated-organizationdistributed-organizationdispersed-organizationspread-organizationextended-organizationexpanded-organizationenlarged-organizationgrown-organizationincreased-organizationaugmented-organizationenhanced-organizationimproved-organizationupgraded-organizationraised-organizationlifted-organizationboosted-organizationpromoted-organizationprogressed-organizationevolved-organizationadapted-organizationadjusted-organizationmodified-organizationaltered-organizationchanged-organizationtransformed-organizationconverted-organizationturned-organizationshifted-organizationmoved-organizationtransferred-organizationrelocated-organizationrepositioned-organizationreoriented-organizationredirected-organizationrefocused-organizationrecentered-organizationrebalanced-organizationrestored-organizationrenewed-organizationrevived-organizationresurrected-organizationreborn-organizationregenerated-organizationrejuvenated-organizationrefreshed-organizationreinvigorated-organizationreenergized-organizationreanimated-organizationreawakened-organizationrekindled-organizationreignited-organizationrestarted-organizationrelaunched-organizationreinitiated-organizationrecommenced-organizationreopened-organizationreestablished-organizationreinstated-organizationreplaced-organizationsubstituted-organizationexchanged-organizationswapped-organizationtraded-organizationbartered-organizationnegotiated-organizationbargained-organizationdealt-organizationhandled-organizationtreated-organizationprocessed-organizationoperated-organizationrun-organizationworked-organizationfunctioned-organizationperformed-organizationexecuted-organizationimplemented-organizationapplied-organizationutilized-organizationused-organizationemployed-organizationexploited-organizationharnessed-organizationleveraged-organizationcapitalized-organizationmonetized-organizationcommercialized-organizationmarketed-organizationsold-organizationdelivered-organizationsupplied-organizationprovided-organizationfurnished-organizationequipped-organizationoutfitted-organizationfitted-organizationprepared-organizationready-organizationset-organizationfixed-organizationtuned-organizationcalibrated-organizationharmonized-organizationconsolidated-organizationmerged-organizationcombined-organizationfused-organizationblended-organizationmixed-organizationamalgamated-organizationsynthesized-organizationcomposed-organizationconstituted-organizationformed-organizationmade-organizationcreated-organizationproduced-organizationgenerated-organizationoriginated-organizationinitiated-organizationstarted-organizationbegan-organizationcommenced-organizationlaunched-organizationintroduced-organizationpresented-organizationoffered-organizationproposed-organizationsuggested-organizationrecommended-organizationadvised-organizationcounseled-organizationconsulted-organizationconferred-organizationdiscussed-organizationdebated-organizationdeliberated-organizationconsidered-organizationcontemplated-organizationreflected-organizationpondered-organizationmeditated-organizationthought-organizationcogitated-organizationruminated-organizationspeculated-organizationhypothesized-organizationtheorized-organizationconjectured-organizationsurmised-organizationguessed-organizationestimated-organizationapproximated-organizationprojected-organizationforecasted-organizationpredicted-organizationanticipated-organizationexpected-organizationawaited-organizationhoped-organizationwished-organizationdesired-organizationwanted-organizationneeded-organizationrequired-organizationdemanded-organizationrequested-organizationasked-organizationlooked-organizationtrailed-organizationshadowed-organizationstalked-organizationsurveyed-organizationinspected-organizationexamined-organizationinvestigated-organizationexplored-organizationstudied-organizationresearched-organizationanalyzed-organizationjudged-organizationrated-organizationranked-organizationscored-organizationgraded-organizationEuschistus tristigmus
Dusky Stink Bug
Euschistus tristigmus, commonly known as the dusky stink bug, is a pentatomid species native to North and Central America. It belongs to the economically important genus Euschistus, which includes several brown stink bug species that are agricultural pests. The species exhibits adult seasonal dimorphism, with morphological differences between spring and summer generations. Research has documented its vertical distribution patterns in pecan orchards, where it shows a preference for canopy habitats compared to the ground-dwelling tendencies of its congener Euschistus servus.
Eustala
humpbacked orb-weavers
Eustala is a genus of orb-weaver spiders in the family Araneidae, first described by Eugène Simon in 1895. As of November 2024, the genus contains 87 species distributed primarily across the Americas, from the United States through Central America to South America, with highest diversity in Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina. Several species have been documented exhibiting specialized ecological relationships, including myrmecophily (living among ants) in Central American species that inhabit ant-defended acacia plants. The genus includes the well-known humpbacked orb-weaver, Eustala anastera, found across North and Central America.
Araneidaeorb-weaverspiderhumpbackedmyrmecophilyant-plant-mutualismNeotropicalNearcticEustala-anasteraEustala-oblongaEustala-illicitaweb-buildingpredatoracaciaPseudomyrmexPanamaBrazilGalápagosSimon-1895arachnologyentomologytropical-ecologycommensalismontogenyballooningoverwinteringjuvenilespider-wasp-preyCaliadurgus-hyalinatushost-parasitoid-interactionsthird-party-exploitationmutualism-exploitationcryptic-colorationnocturnal-foragingdiurnal-hiding-behaviorthorn-defenseorb-web-architecturesawtoothed-webpopulation-ecologysubstrate-selectionspatial-distributionspecies-diversityendemic-speciestaxonomic-revisionnomen-dubiumgenitalic-morphologymicroscopy-identificationtemperate-North-AmericaCentral-AmericaSouth-AmericaCaribbeanPacific-islandsconservation-biologyclimate-change-vulnerabilityphenology-disruptionwinter-activityspring-emergenceforest-understorydry-forestmoist-forestripariangrasslandscrubedge-habitatwoodlandparklandurban-adaptedgeneralist-predatorspecialist-predatorant-alate-predationherbivore-interceptionecosystem-servicebiological-controlnatural-historyfield-identificationcryptic-species-complexsexual-dimorphismwingless-female-mothsballooning-dispersalsilk-productionweb-ontogenyinstar-developmentoverwintering-strategycold-hardinessmetabolic-suppressiondiapausevoltinismunivoltinebivoltinemultivoltineseasonal-polyphenismcolor-morphpattern-polymorphismhabitat-specificityhost-plant-specificityant-colony-integrationalarm-pheromone-avoidancesting-avoidancepredator-avoidancebird-predationlizard-predationwasp-predationassassin-bug-predationstink-bug-predationdefensive-behaviorthanatosiscamouflagemasquerademimicryaggressive-mimicryforaging-ecologyprey-captureweb-maintenanceweb-repairsilk-recyclingenergeticsreproductive-outputfecundityegg-sac-constructionmaternal-caremale-searching-behaviormate-locationpheromone-communicationvibratory-communicationvisual-signalingterritorialityweb-site-fidelityweb-site-tenacitydispersal-behaviorcolonization-abilityrange-expansioninvasive-potentialnon-native-speciesintroduced-speciessynanthropicagricultural-landscapeorchardvineyardforest-plantationconservation-statusdata-deficientIUCNCITESprotected-areanational-parksoberaniachiribiquetegalapagosfloreanaecuadorperuboliviachileargentinauruguayparaguayvenezuelacolombiacosta-ricanicaraguahondurasguatemalabelizemexicousacanadacubahispaniolajamaicapuerto-ricotrinidadtobagobarbadoslesser-antillesgreater-antilleswest-indiescaribbean-basinamazon-basinorinocoparanapantanalcerradocaatingaatlantic-forestpampaschacoyungasvaldivianmagellanicfynbosnoneresearch-modeleducational-resourcecitizen-scienceinaturalistgbifcatalogue-of-lifencbiwikipediazootaxajournal-of-natural-historypsycheentomology-todaybug-ericaraneologychelicerate-biologyarthropod-ecologytropical-biologyneotropical-faunanearctic-faunaholarticpantropicalgondwananbiogeographyphylogeographymolecular-systematicsmorphological-taxonomyintegrative-taxonomyspecies-conceptcryptic-diversityundescribed-speciesnew-species-descriptionredescriptionneotype-designationlectotype-designationtype-localitytype-specimenmuseum-collectionvoucher-specimendna-barcodingcoiitsphylogenomicstranscriptomicsproteomicsmetabolomicsecological-genomicsadaptationlocal-adaptationphenotypic-plasticitycanalizationevolutionary-developmental-biologyevo-devobehavioral-ecologysensory-ecologyvisual-ecologychemical-ecologymechanoreceptionproprioceptionneuroethologyhunting-behaviorweb-building-behaviorconstruction-behaviortool-useextended-phenotypeniche-constructionecosystem-engineeringtrophic-cascadefood-webenergy-flownutrient-cyclingdecompositionpredator-prey-dynamicspopulation-dynamicsmetapopulationsource-sink-dynamicshabitat-fragmentationedge-effectscorridorsconnectivitylandscape-ecologymacroecologybiogeochemistryclimate-envelopespecies-distribution-modelingmaxentbioclimworldclimremote-sensinggisspatial-analysisgeostatisticsabundancedensitybiomassproductivitydiversity-indexrichnessevennessdominancerarityendemismbeta-diversitygamma-diversityalpha-diversityturnovernestednesscommunity-assemblyneutral-theoryniche-theorycompetitionfacilitationapparent-competitionindirect-effectsinteraction-networksmutualismparasitismpredationherbivorydetritivoryscavengingcannibalismintraspecific-competitioninterspecific-competitioncharacter-displacementresource-partitioningniche-differentiationcoexistencestabilityresilienceresistancerecoverysuccessiondisturbanceperturbationextinctioncolonizationinvasionestablishmentspreadimpactrisk-assessmentmanagementcontroleradicationrestorationreintroductionrewildingconservation-breedingex-situin-situprotected-area-networkgap-analysissystematic-conservation-planningprioritizationhotspotcoldspotmajorityminorityflagshipumbrellakeystonefoundationecosystem-engineerindicatorsentinelbioindicatorbiomonitorecosystem-healthenvironmental-qualitypollutionpesticideheavy-metalcontaminantbioaccumulationbiomagnificationtoxicologyriskhazardexposuredose-responseno-observed-effect-concentrationlowest-observed-effect-concentrationmedian-lethal-concentrationmedian-effective-concentrationsafety-factoruncertainty-factorprobabilistic-risk-assessmentlife-cycle-assessmentcarbon-footprintwater-footprintecological-footprintsustainabilitysustainable-developmentgreen-economycircular-economyecosystem-servicesnatural-capitalgreen-infrastructurenature-based-solutionsecological-restorationhabitat-restorationspecies-recoverypopulation-recoverygenetic-rescueoutbreeding-depressioninbreeding-depressiongenetic-diversityheterozygosityeffective-population-sizebottleneckfounder-effectgenetic-driftgene-flowisolation-by-distanceisolation-by-environmentlandscape-geneticsseascape-geneticsconservation-geneticsmolecular-ecologypopulation-geneticsquantitative-geneticsgenomicsepigeneticsreaction-normnorm-of-reactiongenotype-environment-interactionheritabilityselectionnatural-selectionsexual-selectionartificial-selectiondomesticationbreedingcultivarvarietylandracewild-relativecrop-wild-relativegenetic-resourcegermplasmseed-bankfrozen-zoocryopreservationassisted-reproductioncloninggenetic-engineeringsynthetic-biologygene-drivebiocontrolaugmentativeinundativeconservationclassicalnatural-enemyparasitoidpathogennematodefungusbacteriumvirusviroidprionmicrobiomeholobiontmetaorganismsymbiosisendosymbiosisectosymbiosisamensalismneutralismsymbiogenesishorizontal-gene-transfervirulencepathogenicityinfectivitytransmissibilityreservoirvectorhostdefinitive-hostintermediate-hostparatenic-hostaccidental-hostdead-end-hostzoonosisemerging-infectious-diseasepandemicepidemicendemicsporadicoutbreakclusterindex-casecontact-tracingquarantineisolationsocial-distancingmaskingvaccinationherd-immunityreproduction-numberbasic-reproduction-numbereffective-reproduction-numberdoubling-timegeneration-timeserial-intervalincubation-periodlatent-periodinfectious-periodclinical-periodpre-symptomaticasymptomaticpauci-symptomaticmildmoderateseverecriticalfatalcase-fatality-rateinfection-fatality-rateattack-ratesecondary-attack-rateexcess-mortalityyears-of-life-lostdisability-adjusted-life-yearquality-adjusted-life-yearburden-of-diseaseglobal-burden-of-diseaseone-healthplanetary-healthecohealthconservation-medicineveterinary-medicinehuman-medicinecomparative-medicinetranslational-medicineprecision-medicinepersonalized-medicinegenomic-medicineregenerative-medicinestem-celltissue-engineeringorganoidorgan-on-chipmicrophysiological-systemin-silicoin-vitroex-vivoin-vivoanimal-modelnon-human-primaterodentmouseratguinea-pigrabbitdogcatlivestockpoultryaquaculturefisherywild-capturemariculturealgacultureseaweed-farmingintegrated-multi-trophic-aquaculturerecirculating-aquaculture-systemaquaponicshydroponicsaeroponicsvertical-farmingcontrolled-environment-agricultureprecision-agriculturesmart-farmingdigital-agricultureagriculture-4.0internet-of-thingsartificial-intelligencemachine-learningdeep-learningneural-networkcomputer-visiondroneunmanned-aerial-vehiclesatellitegpsgnssgeographic-information-systemdecision-support-systemexpert-systemknowledge-based-systemontologysemantic-weblinked-dataopen-databig-datadata-miningdata-sciencedata-analyticspredictive-analyticsprescriptive-analyticsdescriptive-analyticsdiagnostic-analyticsbusiness-intelligenceartificial-intelligence-ethicsalgorithmic-biasfairnessaccountabilitytransparencyexplainabilityinterpretabilityprivacysecuritysafetyreliabilityrobustnessadaptabilityflexibilityscalabilityefficiencyeffectivenessefficacyperformanceprofitabilitycost-benefitcost-effectivenesseconomic-analysisfinancial-analysisinvestmentreturn-on-investmentnet-present-valueinternal-rate-of-returnpayback-periodbreak-evensensitivity-analysisscenario-analysismonte-carlo-simulationdecision-treereal-optionsgame-theorybehavioral-economicsnudgechoice-architecturedefaultframinganchoringavailability-heuristicrepresentativeness-heuristicaffect-heuristicconfirmation-biasavailability-biasanchoring-biasframing-biasloss-aversionendowment-effectstatus-quo-biassunk-cost-fallacyplanning-fallacyoptimism-biaspessimism-biasoverconfidenceunderconfidencedunning-kruger-effectimposter-syndromestereotypingprejudicediscriminationimplicit-biasexplicit-biasstructural-biassystemic-biasinstitutional-biasinterpersonal-biasintrapersonal-biasunconscious-biasconscious-biasaffinity-biassimilarity-biasin-group-biasout-group-biashalo-effecthorns-effectcontrast-effectrecency-effectprimacy-effectserial-position-effectmere-exposure-effectfamiliarity-principlepropinquity-effectsocial-proofauthorityscarcityreciprocitycommitmentconsistencylikingunityinfluencepersuasioncomplianceconformityobedienceempowermentagencyautonomyself-determinationmotivationintrinsic-motivationextrinsic-motivationself-efficacyself-esteemself-conceptself-identitysocial-identitycollective-identitycultural-identitynational-identitygender-identitysexual-orientationreligionspiritualityvaluesbeliefsattitudesnormscustomstraditionsritualsceremoniescelebrationsfestivalsholidayscommemorationsmemorialsmonumentsheritagelegacyhistoryhistoriographyarchaeologypaleontologyanthropologysociologypsychologycognitive-scienceneurosciencelinguisticsphilosophyethicsmoralityjusticeequityequalityinclusiondiversitybelongingrepresentationparticipationengagementcapacity-buildingskill-developmentknowledge-transfertechnology-transferinnovationinventiondiscoverycreativityimaginationcuriositywonderawebeautyelegancesimplicitycomplexitychaosorderpatternstructurefunctionformprocessdynamicsmechanismcausationcorrelationassociationrelationshipinteractionconnectionnetworksystememergenceself-organizationautopoiesishomeostasisallostasisstressacclimationacclimatizationplasticityfragilityvulnerabilitysensitivityuncertaintyignorancesurprisenoveltyserendipitychanceluckfortunedestinyfatekarmadharmataozenmindfulnessmeditationcontemplationreflectionintrospectionself-awarenessconsciousnesssubconsciousunconsciousdreamsleepcircadianbiological-clockchronobiologyseasonalityphenologymigrationdispersalnomadismsedentismhome-rangehabitat-useresource-selectionforaginghuntinggatheringfarmingherdinghunting-gatheringsubsistencelivelihoodeconomymarkettradeexchangebartercurrencymoneycapitalwealthpovertyinequalitydevelopmentgrowthprogresswell-beinghappinesslife-satisfactionquality-of-lifehuman-developmentsocial-developmenteconomic-developmentmillennium-development-goalssustainable-development-goalsparis-agreementkyoto-protocolmontreal-protocolbasel-conventionstockholm-conventionrotterdam-conventionunfccccbdcmsramsarworld-heritageman-and-biosphereipccipbesencyclopedia-of-lifewikidatawikimediacreative-commonsopen-accessopen-sciencefaire-dataresearch-data-managementdata-stewardshipdata-curationdigital-preservationlong-term-archivingrepositoryarchivelibrarymuseumherbariumcollectionspecimenvouchertypeholotypeparatypesyntypelectotypeneotypeepitypeisolectotypeisoneotypetopotypehomotypeallotypecotypegenotypephenotypeecotypechemotypemorphotypekaryotypeidiogramchromosomegenomeproteometranscriptomemetabolomelipidomeglycomeinteractomeconnectomeepigenomeviromemycobiomebacteriomearchaeomeeukaryomephytobiomerhizobiomeendobiomeectobiomeexo-biomeastrobiomeplanetary-biomeearth-systemclimate-systemocean-systemterrestrial-systemfreshwater-systematmospheric-systemcryospheric-systemanthropospheretechnospherenoospherebiospherehydrospherelithosphereatmospheremagnetosphereheliospherecosmosphereuniversemultiversedimensionspacetimespacetimerelativityquantum-mechanicsstring-theorym-theoryloop-quantum-gravitycosmologyastronomyastrophysicsplanetary-scienceearth-sciencegeologygeophysicsgeochemistrygeomorphologysoil-sciencepedologyedaphologyhydrologylimnologyoceanographymeteorologyclimatologypaleoclimatologystratigraphysedimentologymineralogypetrologyvolcanologyseismologytectonicsplate-tectonicscontinental-driftorogenyepeirogenyisostasyerosionweatheringdepositiontransportsedimentationlithificationdiagenesismetamorphismmeltingcrystallizationigneoussedimentarymetamorphicrock-cyclewater-cyclecarbon-cyclenitrogen-cyclephosphorus-cyclesulfur-cycleoxygen-cyclehydrogen-cyclebiogeochemical-cyclenutrient-cycletrophic-pyramidfood-chainecological-networkinteraction-webmutualistic-networkantagonistic-networkcompetition-networkfacilitation-networkecosystem-functionecosystem-processprovisioning-serviceregulating-servicecultural-servicesupporting-servicehabitat-servicerefugenurserycorridorstepping-stonebuffer-zonecore-areaperipherymatrixpatchlandscapeseascaperiverscapeskyscapesoundscapesmellscapetastescapetouchscapemindscapedreamscapememoryscapeheritagescapefuturescapepossibility-spacescenario-spacedecision-spacepolicy-spacegovernance-spaceinstitutional-spacesocial-spacecultural-spaceeconomic-spacepolitical-spacelegal-spaceethical-spacemoral-spacespiritual-spacesacred-spaceprofane-spaceliminal-spacetransitional-spacethresholdboundaryedgefrontiermargincentercorehinterlandheartlandhomelandmotherlandfatherlandnative-landancestral-landpromised-landwildernesspioneersettlercolonistimmigrantemigrantrefugeeasylum-seekerdisplaced-personstateless-personnomadtravelertouristpilgrimexploreradventurerdiscovererinventorinnovatorcreatormakerbuildercraftsmanartisanartistdesignerarchitectengineerscientistscholaracademicresearcherinvestigatordetectivejournalistreportercorrespondentchroniclerhistorianbiographermemoiristautobiographerdiaristletter-writerpoetnovelistplaywrightscreenwriteressayistcriticreviewereditorpublisherlibrarianarchivistcuratorconservatorrestorerpreservationistconservationistenvironmentalistecologistnaturalistbotanistzoologistentomologistarachnologistherpetologistichthyologistornithologistmammalogistprimatologistanthropologistarchaeologistpaleontologistgeologistgeographercartographersurveyornavigatorexpeditionvoyagejourneytraveltourtripvisitstayresidencehabitationdwellingshelterhomehousebuildingconstructionarchitecturedesignplanblueprintmodelprototypemock-updraftsketchdrawingpaintingsculptureinstallationexhibitiondisplaypresentationdemonstrationshowspectacleeventoccasionceremonyritualcelebrationfestivalfairbazaarcommercebusinessindustrymanufacturingproductionfabricationassemblyprocessingrefiningpurificationsynthesisanalysisseparationextractionidentificationcharacterizationquantificationmeasurementassessmentevaluationappraisalvaluationestimationcalculationcomputationsimulationmodelingpredictionforecastprojectionscenariooutlookprospectexpectationanticipationhopefearworryconcerncareattentionfocusconcentrationawarenessperceptionsensationfeelingemotionaffectmoodtemperamentpersonalitycharacterdispositionattitudeopinionbeliefconvictionfaithtrustconfidencereliancedependenceindependenceself-sufficiencyself-reliancehardinesstoughnessstrengthpowerforceenergyvigorvitalitylifehealthwellnessfitnesssoundnessintegritywholenesscompletenessperfectionexcellencequalitystandardcriterionbenchmarkyardstickmeasuregaugesignsignalsymptommarktokensymbolimageiconemblemlogobrandtrademarkcopyrightpatentintellectual-propertyproprietaryconfidentialsecretclassifiedrestrictedlimitedcontrolledregulatedmanagedgovernedadministeredoperatedmaintainedsustainedsupportedfundedfinancedresourcedstaffedequippedfurnishedsuppliedprovideddelivereddistributedallocatedassigneddesignatedappointedelectedselectedchosenpickedpreferredfavoredlikedlovedadoredcherishedtreasuredvaluedesteemedrespectedhonoredcelebratedcommemoratedrememberedrecalledrecollectedreminiscedreflectedcontemplatedmeditatedponderedconsideredweighedevaluatedjudgedassessedappraisedratedrankedgradedscoredmarkedpointednotedobservednoticedseenviewedlookedwatchedgazedstaredglancedpeekedpeeredscannedsurveyedexaminedinspectedscrutinizedstudiedinvestigatedresearchedanalyzedsynthesizedintegratedcompiledcomposedwrittenauthoredpenneddraftedcreatedproducedmadebuiltconstructedfabricatedmanufacturedassembledput-togetherset-upestablishedfoundedinstitutedorganizedarrangedorderedstructuredsystematizedmethodizedrationalizedstreamlinedoptimizedimprovedenhancedupgradedrefinedpolishedperfectedcompletedfinishedconcludedendedterminatedclosedshutsealedlockedsecuredprotectedguardeddefendedshieldedscreenedcoveredhiddenconcealedmaskedcloakedveiledshroudedwrappedenvelopedsurroundedencircledenclosedcontainedheldkeptretainedpreservedconservedsavedstoredstockpiledhoardedaccumulatedamassedgatheredcollectedaggregatedclusteredgroupedcategorizedsortedleveledtieredlayeredstratifiedhierarchizedpyramidedtreewebmeshgridarrayconfigurationlayoutschemeprogramprojectenterpriseventureundertakingendeavoreffortattempttrytesttrialexperimentinvestigationinquiryqueryquestionproblemissuemattersubjecttopicthememotifleitmotifthreadstrandlinesequenceseriesprogressioncontinuationextensionexpansionenlargementevolutionchangetransformationconversiontransitionshiftalterationmodificationadjustmentaccommodationreconciliationharmonizationsynchronizationcoordinationintegrationunificationcombinationmergerfusionblendmixturecompoundcompositealloyamalgamincorporationassimilationabsorptiondigestionmetabolismcatabolismanabolismequilibriumbalancesteadinessconstancypermanenceendurancepersistencecontinuitydurationlongevitylifespanlifetimeexistencebeingentityobjectthingitemarticlepiecepartportionsegmentsectiondivisioncomponentelementconstituentingredientfactoraspectfacetfeaturecharacteristicpropertyattributetraitindicationevidenceproofverificationvalidationconfirmationcorroborationsubstantiationauthenticationcertificationaccreditationlicensingpermittingauthorizingempoweringenablingallowinglettingtoleratingacceptingreceivingtakinggettingobtainingacquiringgainingearningwinningachievingattainingreachingarrivingcomingapproachingnearingclosingconvergingmeetingjoiningconnectinglinkingbindingtyingfasteningattachingaffixingappendingaddingsupplementingcomplementingcompletingfinishingperfectingconsummatingfulfillingsatisfyinggratifyingpleasingdelightingenjoyingrelishingsavoringappreciatingvaluingprizingtreasuringcherishingnurturingcultivatingfosteringpromotingadvancingfurtheringencouragingsupportingbackingassistingaidinghelpingservingattendingtendingcaringnursinghealingcuringtreatingremedyingcorrectingrectifyingrepairingfixingmendingrestoringrenewingrevivingresuscitatingreanimatingreawakeningrekindlingreignitingrelaunchingrestartingrebootingrefreshingrejuvenatingreinvigoratingreenergizingrechargingrefuelingreplenishingrestockingreplacingsubstitutingexchangingswappingtradingbarteringnegotiatingbargainingdealingtransactingcontractingagreeingconsentingapprovingendorsingsanctioningratifyingconfirmingvalidatingauthenticatingverifyingcheckingtestingexamininginspectingreviewingauditingmonitoringsupervisingoverseeingmanagingdirectingleadingguidingsteeringpilotingnavigatingdrivingpropellingpushingpullingdragginghaulingtowingcarryingbearingtransportingconveyingtransmittingsendingdispatchingshippingdeliveringdistributingdisseminatingspreadingbroadcastingpublishingissuingreleasinglaunchingintroducingpresentingshowingexhibitingdisplayingdemonstratingillustratingexemplifyingtypifyingrepresentingsymbolizingsignifyingmeaningdenotingconnotingimplyingsuggestingindicatingpointingreferringalludinghintingintimatinginsinuatinginferringdeducingconcludingreasoningthinkingcogitatingcerebratingponderingmusingreflectingcontemplatingmeditatingconcentratingfocusinglisteninghearingheedingnotingnoticingobservingwatchinglookingseeingviewingregardingconsideringweighingevaluatingassessingjudgingappraisingestimatingguessingspeculatinghypothesizingtheorizingpostulatingproposingrecommendingadvisingcounselingconsultingconferringdiscussingdebatingarguingdisputingcontestingchallengingopposingresistingdefyingconfrontingfacingencounteringexperiencingundergoingsufferingenduringwithstandingsurvivinglivingexistingsubsistingpersistingperseveringcontinuingremainingstayingabidingresidinginhabitingoccupyingpossessingowningholdingkeepingretainingmaintainingpreservingconservingprotectingguardingdefendingsecuringshelteringharboringentertainingwelcominggreetingsalutinghailingacclaimingapplaudingpraisingcommendinglaudingextollingcelebratinghonoringglorifyingexaltingmagnifyingamplifyingenlargingexpandingextendingstretchingdiffusingdispersingscatteringallocatingassigningallottingapportioningdividingpartitioningseparatingdetachingdisconnectingdisjoiningdisunitingdissociatingdisengagingwithdrawingretreatingrecedingretrogradingreversinginvertingturningrotatingrevolvingspinningtwirlingwhirlingswirlingcirclingorbitingloopingcoilingwindingtwistingbendingcurvingarchingvaultingbridgingspanningcrossingtraversingpassingmovinggoingtravelingjourneyingvoyagingsailingflyingglidingsoaringhoveringfloatingdriftingflowingstreamingpouringrushinggushingspurtingsprayingsplashingsplatteringspatteringunitingcombiningmergingfusingblendingmixingminglinginterminglingintermixingintegratingincorporatingassimilatingabsorbingdigestingmetabolizingtransformingconvertingtransmutingtransfiguringmetamorphosingevolvingdevelopinggrowingmaturingripeningagingdecliningdeterioratingdegeneratingdecayingrottingdecomposingdisintegratingcrumblingcollapsingfallingfailingdyingperishingexpiringdepartingleavingexitingretiringresigningabdicatingrelinquishingsurrenderingyieldingsubmittingsuccumbingcapitulatingacquiescingcomplyingconformingadaptingadjustingaccommodatingreconcilingharmonizingsynchronizingcoordinatingunifyingstandardizingnormalizingregularizingsystematizingmethodizingrationalizingstreamliningsimplifyingclarifyingelucidatingexplaininginterpretingtranslatingrenderingparaphrasingsummarizingabstractingcondensingcompressingshrinkingreducingdecreasingdiminishinglesseningloweringdroppingdescendingsinkingsubmergingdivingplungingplummetingcrashingcollidingimpactinghittingstrikingknockingtappingpattingtouchingsensingperceivingdetectingdiscoveringfindinglocatingpositioningplacingputtingsettinglayingstandingsittinglyingrestingrelaxingreposingsleepingdreamingimaginingfantasizingdaydreamingwoolgatheringprayingworshipingreveringveneratingadoringlovingnourishingfeedingeatingdrinkingconsumingingestingenergizingpoweringfuelingmotivatinginspiringstimulatingexcitingarousingawakeningalertingwarningcautioninginformingnotifyingtellingreportingannouncingdeclaringstatingassertingclaimingcontendingprovingrevealingdisclosingexposinguncoveringunmaskingunveilingopeningunlockingunsealingunfasteninguntyingunbindingunwrappingunpackingunloadingemptyingclearingcleaningwashingbathingshoweringrinsingsoakingsteepingimmersingdrowningsuffocatingchokingstranglingthrottlingsqueezingpressingcenteringaimingtargetingzeroingaligningtuningcalibratingbalancinglevelingequalizingstabilizingsteadymooringdockinglandingtouching-downalightingperchingroostingnestingdenningburrowingtunnelingdiggingexcavatingminingquarryingextractingremovingeliminatingeradicatingexterminatingdestroyingdemolishingruiningwreckingdamagingharminginjuringhurtingwoundingmaimingcripplinglamingdisablingincapacitatingparalyzingstunningshockingsurprisingastonishingamazingastoundingstaggeringstupefyingdazingbewilderingconfusingpuzzlingperplexingbafflingmystifyingenigmaticcrypticobscureabstrusereconditeesotericarcaneoccultmysteriousunknownunfamiliarstrangeoddpeculiarcuriousqueerweirdbizarrefantasticextraordinaryremarkablenotablenoteworthysignificantimportantmomentousconsequentialweightygraveseriouscrucialvitalessentialnecessaryrequiredneededwanteddesiredwishedhopedexpectedanticipatedawaitedlooked-forsearched-forsoughthuntedpursuedchasedtrackedtrailedfollowedshadowedstalkedcreptcrawledclimbedscaledascendedmountedroseliftedelevatedraisedhoistedheavedhauledpulledtuggeddraggeddrawnattractedluredenticedtemptedseducedcharmedenchantedfascinatedcaptivatedengrossedabsorbedimmersedinvolvedengagedoccupiedbusyactiveenergeticdynamicvigorousforcefulpowerfulstrongmightypotenteffectiveefficientproductivefruitfulfertilefecundprolificabundantplentifulamplesufficientadequateenoughsatisfactoryacceptabletolerablebearableendurablesustainablemaintainablemanageablecontrollablegovernablerulegovernreigndominatecommanddirectleadguidesteerpilotnavigatedrivepropelpushthrustshovepresssqueezecompresscondenseconcentrateaimpointtargetzeroalignadjusttunecalibratelevelequalizestandardizenormalizestabilizefixsecureanchormoordocklandtouch-downalightperchroostnestdenburrowtunneldigexcavateminequarryextractremoveeliminateeradicateexterminatedestroydemolishruinwreckdamageharminjurehurtwoundmaimcripplelamedisableincapacitateparalyzestunshockastonishamazeastoundstaggerstupefydazebewilderconfusepuzzleperplexbafflemystifyenigmaEutelia furcata
Florida eutelia moth
Eutelia furcata, commonly known as the Florida eutelia moth, is a small noctuid moth first described by Francis Walker in 1865. The species has a wingspan of approximately 30 mm and occurs across the southern United States through Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean. It is a member of the family Euteliidae within the superfamily Noctuoidea.
Eutrepsia
Eutrepsia is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae, subfamily Larentiinae, first described by Herrich-Schäffer in 1855. The genus contains eight described species distributed from Mexico through Central America to Brazil. Most species were described in the 19th century, with one species added in 1984. The genus is placed in the diverse geometrid moth radiation, though detailed biological information remains limited.
Exema conspersa
warty leaf beetle
Exema conspersa is a species of warty leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. The genus Exema belongs to the subfamily Cryptocephalinae, commonly known as warty leaf beetles or case-bearing leaf beetles, recognized for their distinctive sculptured body surfaces. The species is distributed across Central America and North America.
Exema deserti
Exema deserti is a species of warty leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, described by Pierce in 1940. It belongs to the tribe Chlamisini, commonly known as warty leaf beetles, which are characterized by their remarkable mimicry of caterpillar frass. The species is found in Central America and North America.
Exitianus picatus
Exitianus picatus is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Deltocephalinae, and tribe Chiasmini. It was described by Gibson in 1919. The species is known from the southwestern United States and parts of Mexico and Central America. Like other members of Exitianus, it is likely associated with grassland and agricultural habitats.
Exochomus aethiops
Ebony Shield Lady Beetle, round black ladybug
Exochomus aethiops is a small lady beetle in the family Coccinellidae, commonly known as the round black ladybug or Ebony Shield Lady Beetle. Adults measure 3–4.2 mm in length and are uniformly black with yellowish brown antennae and mouthparts. The species occurs across Central America and North America, with records from South Dakota to New Mexico, west to Alberta and southern California.
Exomalopsis solani
Solanum Exomalopsis
Exomalopsis solani is a bee species in the family Apidae, first described by Cockerell in 1896. It belongs to the tribe Exomalopsini, a group of small to medium-sized bees often associated with solitary or communal nesting habits. The species is documented from Central America and North America. Limited observational data exists, with 11 records on iNaturalist. The specific epithet 'solani' suggests a potential association with Solanum plants, though this relationship has not been formally documented in the provided sources.
Falsomordellistena pubescens
Pubescent Tumbling Flower Beetle
Falsomordellistena pubescens is a species of tumbling flower beetle in the family Mordellidae. It is found across Central and North America, ranging from Panama to Canada. The species is one of approximately 1,500 described species in the family Mordellidae, commonly known as tumbling flower beetles due to their characteristic jumping or tumbling escape behavior when disturbed.
Formicilla
antlike flower beetles
Formicilla is a genus of antlike flower beetles in the family Anthicidae. The genus contains at least three described species distributed across Central and North America. Members of this genus are characterized by their ant-mimicking morphology, a common trait within the Anthicidae family. The genus was established by LeConte in 1851.
Formicilla munda
antlike flower beetle
Formicilla munda is a species of antlike flower beetle in the family Anthicidae, first described by LeConte in 1852. The species occurs in both Central America and North America. Like other members of Anthicidae, it exhibits morphological adaptations resembling ants, a form of protective mimicry. The family is commonly known as antlike flower beetles due to this characteristic appearance.
Fulvius slateri
Fulvius slateri is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Wheeler in 1977. It belongs to a genus of small predatory or plant-feeding true bugs. The species has been documented across a broad geographic range spanning temperate eastern North America and Central America.
Galerita aequinoctialis
Galerita aequinoctialis is a species of ground beetle described by Chaudoir in 1852. It belongs to the genus Galerita, a group of large, visually striking carabid beetles often called "false bombardier beetles" due to their resemblance to bombardier beetles (Brachinus). The species occurs in Central America and Mexico.
Galgupha atra
ebony bug
Galgupha atra is a species of ebony bug in the family Thyreocoridae, a group of true bugs within the order Hemiptera. It is distributed across Central America and North America. Members of this family are typically small, dark-colored bugs with a distinctive shield-like body shape.
Galgupha nitiduloides
ebony bug
Galgupha nitiduloides is a species of ebony bug in the family Thyreocoridae, a group of true bugs characterized by their compact, often shiny black bodies. The species occurs across Central America and North America, with three recognized subspecies showing geographic variation. As a member of the shield bug complex, it possesses the typical pentatomoid body plan but with the reduced scutellum and distinctive form characteristic of ebony bugs. Documentation of this species remains limited, with few observational records available.
Garganus splendidus
Garganus splendidus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Distant in 1893. It is known from limited records in Central America and the southwestern United States. As with many mirid species, detailed biological information remains sparse.
Gelastocoris oculatus
Big-eyed Toad Bug
Gelastocoris oculatus, commonly known as the big-eyed toad bug, is a riparian predator in the family Gelastocoridae. It inhabits freshwater margins across North and Central America, where its cryptic coloration and hopping locomotion resemble small toads. The species captures smaller insects by leaping onto them and subduing them with piercing-sucking mouthparts. Both adults and nymphs are predatory, with females depositing eggs under rocks or in sand or mud.
Gelastocoris rotundatus
toad bug
Gelastocoris rotundatus is a species of toad bug in the family Gelastocoridae, first described by Champion in 1901. It is one of two Gelastocoris species known from North America, where it occurs in the southwestern United States and southward through Central America. Like other toad bugs, it is a predator associated with aquatic margins.
Geocoris flavilineus
bigeyed bug
Geocoris flavilineus is a species of bigeyed bug in the family Geocoridae, first described by Stål in 1874. Like other members of the genus Geocoris, it is a predatory true bug with notably large eyes. The species has been recorded from Central and South America including Guatemala, Panama, and Colombia. Bigeyed bugs in this genus are recognized as beneficial predators in agricultural systems, feeding on various small arthropod pests.
Geomysaprinus posthumus
clown beetle
Geomysaprinus posthumus is a species of clown beetle in the family Histeridae. The species was described by Marseul in 1855. It occurs in parts of North America and Central America. Like other histerid beetles, it belongs to a group commonly known as clown beetles due to their habit of playing dead when disturbed.
Gesta invisus
False Duskywing
Gesta invisus, commonly known as the false duskywing, is a species of spread-wing skipper in the family Hesperiidae. It was first described by Arthur Gardiner Butler and Herbert Druce in 1872. The species is distributed across Central and North America. Like other skippers, it exhibits the characteristic rapid, darting flight pattern typical of the family. The MONA or Hodges number for this species is 3943.
Glaphyria decisa
Glaphyria decisa is a species of snout moth in the family Crambidae, subfamily Glaphyriinae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1866. The species occurs across Central America, the Caribbean, and into South America.
Glenognatha foxi
Dwarf Ground Long-jawed Spider
Glenognatha foxi is a species of long-jawed orb weaver spider in the family Tetragnathidae, commonly known as the Dwarf Ground Long-jawed Spider. It is distributed across a broad latitudinal range from Canada to Panama. The species belongs to a genus of small-bodied spiders characterized by elongated chelicerae and ground-dwelling habits, distinguishing them from the more web-associated Tetragnatha.
Glenurus luniger
Western Picture-winged Antlion
Glenurus luniger is a species of antlion in the family Myrmeleontidae, distinguished by its striking wing pattern with black, white, and pink wingtips. The species occurs in Central America and North America. Adults are rarely observed due to their cryptic behavior, while larvae are predatory and inhabit sandy soils. The common name "Western Picture-winged Antlion" reflects both its geographic range and distinctive wing markings.
Glischrochilus fasciatus
Picnic Beetle
Glischrochilus fasciatus, commonly known as the picnic beetle, is a sap-feeding beetle in the family Nitidulidae. The species is distributed across North America and Central America. It belongs to a genus known for attraction to fermenting plant materials and oozing sap. The common name derives from its tendency to frequent outdoor food gatherings.
Glyptina nivalis
Glyptina nivalis is a species of flea beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, first described by George Henry Horn in 1889. The species is distributed across Central America and North America. As a member of the flea beetle subfamily Alticinae (tribe Alticini), it possesses enlarged hind femora adapted for jumping.
Gnaphosa sericata
Gnaphosa sericata is a ground spider species in the family Gnaphosidae, first described by L. Koch in 1866. The species occurs across a broad geographic range spanning North America, Central America, and the Caribbean. Records indicate presence from the United States through Mexico, Guatemala, and Cuba, with additional documentation from Canada, Haiti, the Dominican Republic, and the Turks and Caicos Islands. As a member of Gnaphosidae, it belongs to a family characterized by active hunting behavior and the production of silk retreats rather than prey-capture webs.
Gnathium minimum
Brown-bordered Sunflower Blister Beetle
Gnathium minimum is a species of blister beetle in the family Meloidae, commonly known as the Brown-bordered Sunflower Blister Beetle. It belongs to the subfamily Nemognathinae, a group characterized by elongated, nectar-feeding mouthparts. The species is found in Central America and North America, with records extending to Alberta, Canada.
Gnathium nitidum
Gnathium nitidum is a species of blister beetle in the family Meloidae, subfamily Nemognathinae. It was described by George Henry Horn in 1870. The species is found in Central America and North America. As a member of the genus Gnathium, it possesses the characteristic elongated maxillary mouthparts adapted for nectar feeding on flowers.
Graminella sonora
Lesser Lawn Leafhopper
Graminella sonora is a small leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, commonly known as the Lesser Lawn Leafhopper. It is widely distributed across the southwestern United States, Mexico, and Central America, with records from Arizona, California, Florida, and Honduras. As a member of the subfamily Deltocephalinae, it likely feeds on grasses and herbaceous plants, though specific host associations remain poorly documented. The species was described by Ball in 1900 and remains relatively understudied despite its broad geographic range.
Grammonota
Grammonota is a genus of dwarf spiders in the family Linyphiidae, first described by James Henry Emerton in 1882. The genus contains approximately 40-41 species distributed across the Americas, from Alaska in the north to Colombia in the south. Species occur in diverse habitats including the United States, Canada, Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean. The genus is part of the sheet-web weaving spiders, though specific web-building behaviors vary among species.
Gyascutus dianae
Gyascutus dianae is a species of metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae. It occurs in Central America and North America. As a member of the genus Gyascutus, it belongs to a group of buprestid beetles known for their large size and often distinctive waxy bloom covering the elytra. The species was originally described as Hippomelas dianae by Helfer in 1954.
Gymnandrosoma
Gymnandrosoma is a genus of tortricid moths in the tribe Grapholitini. The genus includes at least eight described species distributed primarily in the Americas. Gymnandrosoma aurantianum, the most economically significant species, is a major agricultural pest known as the citrus fruit borer in Brazil and the macadamia nut borer in Central America. Other species in the genus have been described from North and South America, with limited biological information available.
Hadena lafontainei
Lafontaine's Hadena
Hadena lafontainei is a noctuid moth described by Troubridge and Crabo in 2002. The species is named in honor of Canadian lepidopterist J. Donald Lafontaine. It belongs to the diverse genus Hadena, which includes many species associated with flowering plants.
Haematochiton carbonarius
pleasing fungus beetle
Haematochiton carbonarius is a species of pleasing fungus beetle in the family Erotylidae. The species is known from Central America and North America. Beyond its taxonomic placement and geographic distribution, detailed information about its biology remains limited in available sources.
Haematomis
Haematomis is a genus of tiger moths in the family Erebidae, subfamily Arctiinae, tribe Lithosiini. The genus was erected by Schaus in 1899 and contains three recognized species: H. mexicana, H. radians, and H. uniformis. Members of this genus are found in the Americas, with records from Mexico and Central America.
Hahncappsia mancalis
Common Hahncappsia Moth
Hahncappsia mancalis is a small crambid moth described by Julius Lederer in 1863. It has a wingspan of approximately 18 mm and is distributed across eastern and southern North America, extending into Central America. The larvae feed on a diverse range of host plants including pigweed, mint, morning glory, tobacco, and dock.
Hahncappsia mellinialis
Hahncappsia mellinialis is a crambid moth described by Herbert Druce in 1899. It occurs in the southwestern United States and Central America, with adults active during late summer. The species exhibits moderate sexual dimorphism in wingspan, with males slightly larger than females.
Hamotus electrae
ant-loving beetle
Hamotus electrae is a species of ant-loving beetle in the family Staphylinidae, first described by O. Park in 1942. It belongs to the subfamily Pselaphinae, a group of small rove beetles frequently associated with ant colonies. The species is documented from Texas in the United States and Mexico. Like other members of the genus Hamotus, it is presumed to be myrmecophilous, living in association with ants, though specific details of this relationship remain unrecorded in published literature.
Helichus suturalis
long-toed water beetle
Helichus suturalis is a species of long-toed water beetle in the family Dryopidae. It has been recorded from Central America and North America. Like other members of Dryopidae, it is associated with aquatic environments. The species was described by LeConte in 1852.
Helochares normatus
Helochares normatus is a species of water scavenger beetle in the family Hydrophilidae, first described by LeConte in 1861. It occurs in western North America and Central America, with records from the southwestern United States through Mexico to Costa Rica. Like other members of the genus, it is associated with aquatic or semi-aquatic habitats. The species is documented through limited but geographically dispersed observations.
Hemeroblemma mexicana
Hemeroblemma mexicana is a moth species in the family Erebidae, first described by Guenée in 1852. The species is distributed across Mexico and Central America, with a single documented occurrence in southern Texas (Starr County, 2012). Larvae have been recorded feeding on cacao leaves, causing damage in some years.
Hemileuca electra
electra buckmoth
Hemileuca electra, the electra buckmoth, is a species of buck moth in the family Saturniidae. It is found in Central America and North America. The species was described by W. G. Wright in 1884. Three subspecies are recognized: H. e. clio, H. e. electra, and H. e. mojavensis. Like other Hemileuca species, it is a day-flying moth with larvae that possess urticating spines.
Hemileuca juno
Juno buck moth, Juno buckmoth
Hemileuca juno is a saturniid moth in the subfamily Hemileucinae, commonly known as the Juno buck moth. First described by Alpheus Spring Packard in 1872, this species occurs in Central and North America. Like other members of the genus Hemileuca, it is a day-flying moth with larvae that possess urticating spines capable of delivering painful stings. The species is assigned Hodges number 7735.
Hemileuca stonei
Stone's buckmoth, pangola-grass moth
Hemileuca stonei is a day-flying buck moth in the family Saturniidae, first described by Claude Lemaire in 1993. The species occurs in Central and North America and is one of approximately 24 Hemileuca species in North America. Like other members of its genus, it likely has urticating (stinging) caterpillars that feed on specific host plants. The species is relatively poorly documented compared to some congeners.
Hemipeplus chaos
Hemipeplus chaos is a beetle species in the family Mycteridae, described in 1985 by entomologist Michael C. Thomas. The species name refers to the taxonomic confusion surrounding its identification—specimens had been previously misidentified as females of the related species Hemipeplus marginipennis. It is found in Central and North America, where it shelters between unopened fronds of Sabal palmetto palms without causing feeding damage to the plant.
Heptagenia flavescens
flatheaded mayfly
Heptagenia flavescens is a species of flatheaded mayfly in the family Heptageniidae. The species has been documented in North America and Central America, with records indicating a southwestern range extension. As with other members of Heptageniidae, it possesses the characteristic flattened head morphology associated with this group of mayflies.
Hesperia columbia
Columbian skipper
Hesperia columbia, the Columbian skipper, is a grass skipper butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It occurs in North America and Central America. The species was originally described as Pamphila columbia by Scudder in 1872. It is assigned MONA/Hodges number 4026.
Hesperia viridis
Green Skipper
Hesperia viridis, commonly known as the green skipper, is a species of grass skipper butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It is found in Central America and North America. The species is assigned MONA/Hodges number 4028.
Hesperolabops
cactus bugs
Hesperolabops is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae, established by Kirkaldy in 1902. The genus contains nine described species distributed primarily in the Americas, with several species associated with cactus hosts. The most well-known member is Hesperolabops gelastops, commonly called the cactus bug. Species in this genus are generally found in arid and semi-arid regions where their host plants occur.
Hesperopsis alpheus
saltbush sootywing
Hesperopsis alpheus, commonly known as the saltbush sootywing, is a species of spread-wing skipper butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It occurs in Central America and North America, with three recognized subspecies showing geographic variation across this range. The species was first described by W. H. Edwards in 1876 and is assigned MONA/Hodges number 3980.
Hetaerina americana
American rubyspot
A damselfly species in the family Calopterygidae, commonly known as the American rubyspot. Males exhibit a lustrous red head and thorax with a brilliant green abdomen; females have a green abdomen with either green or copper thoracic markings. The species occupies riverine habitats in arid and semi-arid regions and demonstrates strong site fidelity, with adults rarely dispersing more than 100 meters from emergence sites. Research indicates sensitivity to urbanization, with documented declines in abundance, body condition, and reproductive success correlated with reduced riparian vegetation and increased wastewater discharge.
Heterelmis obscura
Heterelmis obscura is a species of riffle beetle in the family Elmidae, first described by Sharp in 1882. It inhabits freshwater environments in Central and South America. Like other elmid beetles, it is fully aquatic throughout its life cycle, with adults possessing a plastron—a layer of air trapped by body hairs that enables underwater respiration.
Heterelmis vulnerata
riffle beetle
Heterelmis vulnerata is a species of riffle beetle in the family Elmidae, first described by LeConte in 1874. It is distributed across Central America and North America. Riffle beetles are aquatic insects that inhabit fast-flowing, oxygen-rich waters where they spend their entire life cycle submerged. Adults possess a plastron—a layer of air trapped by body hairs that allows them to breathe underwater without surfacing.
Heterobrenthus
Heterobrenthus is a genus of straight-snouted weevils (family Brentidae) established by Sharp in 1895. The genus contains at least three described species distributed in Central America and the southern United States. As members of Brentidae, these weevils possess elongated, non-geniculate antennae and an extended rostrum, distinguishing them from the more familiar Curculionidae (true weevils).
Heterocerus mexicanus
variegated mud-loving beetle
Heterocerus mexicanus is a species of variegated mud-loving beetle in the family Heteroceridae. The species was described by Sharp in 1882. It is distributed across Central America and North America, with records from Ontario, Canada and the United States. The species has been moved to the genus Dampfius in some taxonomic treatments, though it is still widely referenced under Heterocerus.
Heterocerus unicus
variegated mud-loving beetle
Heterocerus unicus is a species of variegated mud-loving beetle in the family Heteroceridae, described by W.V. Miller in 1988. The species occurs in Central and North America, including Alberta, Canada. As a member of Heteroceridae, it is associated with muddy habitats. The species is distinguished from related taxa by specific morphological characteristics described in the original species description.
Hexacylloepus ferrugineus
Rusty Riffle Beetle, rusty elmid
Hexacylloepus ferrugineus, commonly known as the rusty riffle beetle or rusty elmid, is a species of riffle beetle in the family Elmidae. It is found in Central America and North America. The species was first described by Horn in 1870. Riffle beetles in this family are typically associated with aquatic habitats, particularly flowing water environments.
Hibana futilis
ghost spider
Hibana futilis is a small cursorial spider in the family Anyphaenidae, commonly known as ghost spiders. Adults reach a maximum body length of slightly over 8 millimeters. The species is nocturnal, hunting insects on foliage at night and hiding in silk-lined curled leaves by day. It is found from the United States through Central America to Venezuela and Cuba. Research has documented its restricted area searching behavior following consumption of both prey and non-prey food, suggesting cognitive flexibility in foraging.
Hibana incursa
ghost spider
Hibana incursa is a species of ghost spider in the family Anyphaenidae, first described by Chamberlin in 1919. It is a small, pale-colored, nocturnal hunting spider distributed from the United States through Panama. Like other ghost spiders, it does not build webs to capture prey but instead actively prowls vegetation for insects.
Hippopedon capito
Apache grasshopper
Hippopedon capito, commonly known as the Apache grasshopper, is a band-winged grasshopper species in the family Acrididae. It was first described by Stål in 1873 under the basionym Psinidia capito. The species is distributed across parts of North America and Central America, with confirmed records from the southwestern United States and Mexico.
Hippopedon gracilipes
Rehn's slender grasshopper
Hippopedon gracilipes, commonly known as Rehn's slender grasshopper, is a species of band-winged grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in Central America and North America, with distribution records including Arizona. The species belongs to the subfamily Oedipodinae, a group characterized by banded wings and often associated with open habitats.
Hister coenosus
clown beetle
Hister coenosus is a predatory clown beetle in the family Histeridae. It has been documented across North America, Central America, and the Caribbean. Laboratory studies indicate it develops in soil and preys on dipteran larvae.
Hister humilis
clown beetle
Hister humilis is a species of clown beetle in the family Histeridae, described by Fall in 1910. It is distributed across Central America and North America, with records from the southwestern United States (Arizona), Mexico, Guatemala, and Costa Rica. As a member of the genus Hister, it belongs to a diverse group of predatory beetles commonly associated with decomposing organic matter.
Hister lucanus
clown beetle
Hister lucanus is a species of clown beetle in the family Histeridae, described by Horn in 1873. It is distributed across parts of North America and Central America. Like other members of its family, it possesses the characteristic flattened legs that give clown beetles their common name.
Hister sarcinatus
clown beetle
Hister sarcinatus is a species of clown beetle in the family Histeridae, first described by Lewis in 1898. The species belongs to the genus Hister, one of the most diverse genera within this family of predatory beetles. It is distributed across parts of North America and Central America. Like other hister beetles, it is likely predatory, though specific ecological details for this species remain poorly documented.
Hister servus
clown beetle
Hister servus is a species of clown beetle in the family Histeridae, characterized by its compact, shiny black body typical of the genus. It belongs to the H. servus species group, a Neotropical radiation centered in Mexico and Central America with some lineages extending into the southeastern United States. The species has been documented across a broad geographic range spanning the Caribbean, Central America, and North America.
Holcostethus abbreviatus
Holcostethus abbreviatus is a species of stink bug in the family Pentatomidae, first described by Uhler in 1872. It is distributed across Central America and North America. The species is part of the genus Holcostethus, which comprises small to medium-sized pentatomid bugs. Based on iNaturalist records, it has been documented in at least 415 observations.
Hololepta populnea
clown beetle
Hololepta populnea is a species of clown beetle in the family Histeridae, first described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1851. The species is distributed across southwestern United States and Mexico, extending into Central America. As a member of the genus Hololepta, it exhibits the characteristic flattened body form adapted for life under bark and in tight spaces. The specific epithet 'populnea' suggests an association with Populus (poplar/cottonwood) trees, though this host relationship requires confirmation.
Homalodisca ichthyocephala
Homalodisca ichthyocephala is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, tribe Proconiini, first described by Signoret in 1854. The species has been documented exhibiting thanatosis (death-feigning), representing the first comprehensive report of this antipredator behavior in the family Cicadellidae. Research from Zirándaro, Guerrero, Mexico identified five sequential phases of thanatosis: mechanical disturbance, catatonic, myoclonic, motor recovery, and escape. Females demonstrate significantly longer motor recovery phases than males. The species belongs to a genus containing important vectors of plant pathogens, including Xylella fastidiosa.
Hoplisoides punctifrons
sand wasp
Hoplisoides punctifrons is a species of solitary sand wasp in the family Crabronidae. It occurs in Central America and North America. Like other members of its genus, it is a ground-nesting wasp that provisions its brood with paralyzed prey.
Hoplisoides tricolor
sand wasp
Hoplisoides tricolor is a species of solitary sand wasp in the family Crabronidae, originally described by Cresson in 1868. It is one of approximately eighteen Hoplisoides species found in North America north of Mexico. Like congeners, it is a ground-nesting wasp that hunts treehoppers (Membracidae) as prey for its larvae. The species occurs across Central America and North America, with most Hoplisoides species concentrated in western North America.
Horama plumipes
Horama plumipes is a moth in the subfamily Arctiinae, first described by Dru Drury in 1773. It is distributed from southern Texas through Mexico and Central America to Nicaragua. The species exhibits distinctive black and white coloration with prominent tufted hind legs that give it its specific epithet 'plumipes' (feather-footed). The original description provides detailed morphological information including a wingspan of approximately 45 mm.
Hoterodes ausonia
Hoterodes ausonia is a small crambid moth described by Pieter Cramer in 1777. It is distributed across the Caribbean and mainland Neotropics, ranging from Florida through Central America to northern South America. The species is characterized by a wingspan of approximately 32 mm. It belongs to the subfamily Spilomelinae, a diverse group of grass moths.
Hyadina albovenosa
shore fly
Hyadina albovenosa is a species of shore fly in the family Ephydridae, first described by Coquillett in 1900. The specific epithet 'albovenosa' likely refers to white-veined wing characteristics. Shore flies in this family are generally associated with moist or aquatic habitats. This species has been documented across North America and Central America.
Hyboptera auxiliadora
Auxiliadora's humped-wing carabid beetle
Hyboptera auxiliadora is a species of ground beetle described by Erwin in 2004. It belongs to the genus Hyboptera, which is characterized by humped-wing morphology. The species occurs in Central America and parts of North America, with confirmed records from Colombia, Costa Rica, Honduras, Mexico, and Panama. It is a member of the subfamily Lebiinae within the family Carabidae.
Hydrophilus insularis
Hydrophilus insularis is a water scavenger beetle in the family Hydrophilidae. It is distributed across a broad geographic range from northern South America through the Caribbean, Central America, and Mexico into the southern United States. The species is aquatic and belongs to a genus known for scavenging behavior in freshwater habitats.
Hydroptila icona
Hydroptila icona is a species of microcaddisfly described by Mosely in 1937. It belongs to the family Hydroptilidae, commonly known as microcaddisflies due to their small size. The species is known from Central America and surrounding regions. Like other members of its genus, it is associated with freshwater habitats. Specific biological details remain poorly documented.
Hyles lineata
white-lined sphinx, hummingbird moth
Hyles lineata is a large, abundant sphinx moth native to North and Central America, recognized for its distinctive hovering flight and striking wing pattern. Adults display a 2–3 inch wingspan with dark brown forewings marked by white longitudinal lines and black hindwings bearing a broad pink median band. The species exhibits unusual flexibility in activity patterns, flying at dusk, dawn, and occasionally during daylight hours to feed on nectar. Caterpillars show extreme color polymorphism, ranging from black with orange spots to lime green with black markings, and possess a characteristic posterior horn. This generalist feeder has been documented on over a dozen plant families and serves as a significant pollinator and occasional agricultural pest.
Hypasclera dorsalis
Hypasclera dorsalis is a species of false blister beetle in the family Oedemeridae. It occurs in Central America and North America, though specific details about its biology and ecology remain limited in published literature. The species was described by Melsheimer in 1846.
Hypenopsis macula
Black-spotted Schrankia
Hypenopsis macula, commonly known as the black-spotted schrankia moth, is a small erebid moth found across much of North America and into Central America. The species was first described by Herbert Druce in 1891 under the name Schrankia macula, and has since been reclassified to the genus Hypenopsis. It occurs in a broad range of habitats from the eastern United States through the Southwest and into Mexico and Central America.
Hyperaspis lateralis
Lateral Sigil Lady Beetle, lateral lady beetle
Hyperaspis lateralis is a small lady beetle in the family Coccinellidae, native to Central and North America. Adults measure 2.50–3.80 mm and exhibit sexual dimorphism in pronotum coloration: males have yellow anterior margins and lateral areas, while females have entirely black pronota. The species is one of several Hyperaspis known to prey on scale insects.
Hypocrita celina
Hypocrita celina is a moth species in the family Erebidae, first described by Jean Baptiste Boisduval in 1870. The species is known only from Guatemala. As a member of the subfamily Arctiinae, it belongs to a group commonly known as tiger moths, though specific details about its biology remain undocumented in published sources.
Hypselonotus punctiventris
Spot-sided Coreid
Hypselonotus punctiventris, commonly known as the Spot-sided Coreid, is a leaf-footed bug in the family Coreidae. Adults are notable for their striking color pattern, including a bright red patch on the dorsal surface of the abdomen visible when wings are open. The species is found in the southwestern United States, Mexico, and Central America, where adults feed on a variety of flowering plants. Despite its abundance in some areas, it is rarely considered a pest of agriculture or gardens.
Idioderma virescens
Idioderma virescens is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first described by Van Duzee in 1909. The species has been recorded from Florida and Panama. A dedicated study on its systematics and biology was published in the Annals of the Entomological Society of America, though detailed biological information requires access to the full article.
Indiopsocus bisignatus
common barklouse
Indiopsocus bisignatus is a species of barklouse in the family Psocidae, first described by Banks in 1904. The species is distributed across parts of North and Central America, with records from the United States, Mexico, and Honduras. Barklice in this family are typically found in association with tree bark, lichens, and other surface substrates where they feed on microflora.
Iridopsis dataria
Iridopsis dataria is a geometrid moth species distributed across North and Central America. The species was described by Grote in 1882 and is classified within the subfamily Ennominae. Larvae of related Iridopsis species have been documented as occasional pests of soybean, though specific records for I. dataria on this host are limited. The species is recognized by taxonomic authorities including Catalogue of Life and GBIF.
Ischyropalpus occidentalis
antlike flower beetle
Ischyropalpus occidentalis is a species of antlike flower beetle in the family Anthicidae. The species measures 2.4–2.8 mm in length. It occurs from Central America northward through Mexico to the southwestern United States. Like other members of Anthicidae, it exhibits an ant-mimicking appearance and behavior.
Isodontia apicalis
grass-carrier wasp
Isodontia apicalis is a solitary thread-waisted wasp in the family Sphecidae, known as a 'grass-carrier' for its distinctive nesting behavior. The species occurs in North and Central America. Like other members of its genus, females construct nests using dry grass to partition cells and plug entrances.
Isthmocoris imperialis
big-eyed bug
Isthmocoris imperialis is a species of big-eyed bug in the family Geocoridae, a group of small predatory true bugs. The species occurs in Central America and North America, with records from the United States, Mexico, and Guatemala. Big-eyed bugs are generally recognized as beneficial predators in agricultural and natural systems.
Itaballia
Itaballia is a genus of butterflies in the family Pieridae, comprising three described species distributed across Central and South America. The genus was established by Kaye in 1904. Species within this genus include the crossbarred white (I. demophile), I. marana, and the brown-bordered white (I. pandosia), the latter noted as a mimic of Pisonis.
Ixodes affinis
Ixodes affinis is a hard-bodied tick species distributed across the southeastern United States, Mexico, Central America, and South America. Unlike its congener Ixodes scapularis, this species does not bite humans but serves as a competent vector for Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, the causative agent of Lyme disease. Immature stages feed on birds and small mammals, while adults parasitize larger mammals including deer and dogs. Its expanding range into southeastern Virginia and association with migratory birds has raised concerns about its role in pathogen dispersal.
tickvectorLyme-diseaseBorrelia-burgdorferiavian-hostrange-expansionsoutheastern-United-StatesMexicoCentral-Americanon-human-bitingenzootic-maintenanceco-feedingmigratory-birdsIxodidaeAcariparasitethree-host-tickquesting-behaviorwildlife-disease-ecologyforest-habitatdog-parasitewhite-tailed-deerCarolina-wrenwhite-throated-sparrowOld-Dominion-University-Tick-TeamHolly-GaffErin-Hellermolecular-identificationDNA-sequencingengorged-specimen-identificationpine-plantationrural-Yucatánhunting-dogsTixméhuacOpichénseasonal-activitylaboratory-rearingimmature-stageslarvanymphadultpathogen-dispersalclimate-changehabitat-fragmentationsuburbanizationdeer-populationacorn-mastingsmall-mammal-reservoirBorrelia-miyamotoico-infectiontick-borne-diseasepublic-healthveterinary-parasitologymedical-entomologyvector-ecologyhost-parasite-interactionbird-migrationlong-distance-dispersalboreal-forestCanadaManitobaSwainson's-thrushCatharus-ustulatusmigratory-birdground-foraging-birdpasserinesongbirdbrown-thrashereastern-towheeAmerican-robinnorthern-cardinalmarsh-rice-ratcotton-mouseeastern-gray-squirrelraccoonsouthern-short-tailed-shreweastern-molewhite-footed-mousePeromyscus-leucopuschipmunkTamiasoak-mastingQuercusforest-floorquesting-heighthumidity-preferencewinter-activitytick-removaltick-testingtick-borne-illness-preventionDEETpermethrintick-inspectiontick-avoidanceAIR-protocolArachnidaParasitiformesChelicerataEukaryotaMetazoaAnimaliaArthropodaIxodidahard-tickixodidNeumann-1899taxonomysystematicsdorsal-scutumcapitulumhypostomepalpsspiracular-platesfestoonsornateinornateidiosomagnathosomapodonscutumalloscutumbasis-capitulicornuaporose-areassclerotizedcuticlesetaesensillaHaller's-organtarsusclawspulvilliscutum-shapepunctationsgroovescoxaetrochantersfemoragenuatibiaetarsipretarsiadanal-platesaccessory-platesspiraclestracheaesalivary-glandsmidgutMalpighian-tubulesreproductive-systemovarytestisgenital-apertureanuspreanal-groovepostanal-groovesubanal-platesparanal-platesmarginal-groovespseudoscutumscapularscervical-groovespunctatereticulateshagreenedwrinkledsmoothglabroussetiferouspilosehispidgranularmammillatedtuberculatecarinatedsulcatestriatecostatelineatepunctate-striatereticulate-punctateIXO_affNCBI:txidGBIF:speciesCatalogue-of-Life:speciesiNaturalist:taxonWikipedia:speciesIxodesaffinisbird-tickdeer-tickdog-tickrabbit-tickshrew-tickmole-tickmouse-tickrat-ticksquirrel-tickraccoon-tickwren-tickthrasher-tickrobin-ticktowhee-tickcardinal-ticksparrow-tickthrush-tickmigratory-tickinvasive-tickexpanding-rangeemerging-vectorcryptic-speciesspecies-complexmorphological-identificationDNA-barcodingCOI16SITS2tick-microbiomepathogen-detectionBorreliaspirochetezoonosisvector-competencereservoir-competenceenzootic-cycleepizooticspilloverbridge-vectoramplifying-hostreservoir-hostmaintenance-hostincidental-hostdead-end-hosthost-specificityhost-rangehost-switchinghost-raceecological-fittingniche-expansionrange-shiftphenologydiapauseoverwinteringsurvivalmortalityfecundityreproductive-outputegg-massovipositioneclosionmoltingecdysisinstarstadiumdevelopmental-timegeneration-timelife-spanlongevitypopulation-dynamicsabundanceprevalenceintensityaggregationnegative-binomialzero-inflatedspatial-distributiontemporal-distributionhabitat-associationmicrohabitatvegetation-typeforest-typesuccessional-stageedge-effectfragmentationconnectivitymatrixcorridorpatchlandscape-ecologygeographic-information-systemremote-sensingmodelingdistribution-modelingecological-niche-modelingMaxEntBIOMODclimate-envelopebioclimatic-variablestemperatureprecipitationhumiditysaturation-deficitvapor-pressure-deficitevapotranspirationseasonalityphenology-mismatchglobal-warmingextreme-weatherdroughtfloodphenological-shiftrange-contractionpoleward-shiftelevation-shiftaltitudinal-gradientlatitudinal-gradientcontinentalinsularendemiccosmopolitanpantropicalholarcticnearcticneotropicalpalearcticafrotropicalorientalaustralasianoceanianantarcticbiogeographyphylogeographypopulation-geneticsgene-flowgenetic-structureisolation-by-distanceisolation-by-environmentadaptive-evolutionlocal-adaptationphenotypic-plasticitycryptic-diversityspecies-delimitationintegrative-taxonomymorphometricsgeometric-morphometricstraditional-morphometricslandmarkoutlinesemilandmarkcharacter-matrixphylogenyclassificationnomenclaturetype-specimenholotypeparatypesyntypelectotypeneotypeoriginal-descriptionredescriptionemendationsynonymyhomonymypriorityvalidityavailabilitypublished-workZooBankLSIDURNDOIORCIDauthoryearjournalvolumeissuepagesfigureplatemapdrawingphotographSEMTEMlight-microscopyconfocal-microscopymicroCTscanning-electron-microscopytransmission-electron-microscopyhistologyimmunohistochemistryin-situ-hybridizationPCRqPCRRT-PCRddPCRsequencingSangernext-generationIlluminaPacBioOxford-Nanoporegenometranscriptomeproteomemetabolomemicrobiomeviromebacteriomefungomeparasitomeholobiontsymbiosismutualismcommensalismparasitismpathogenesisvirulencetransmissionvectorial-capacitybasic-reproduction-numberR0force-of-infectionincidenceseroprevalencecase-fatality-ratemorbiditydisability-adjusted-life-yearDALYquality-adjusted-life-yearQALYcost-effectivenesseconomic-burdenpublic-health-burdenveterinary-burdenagricultural-impactwildlife-impactconservationbiodiversityecosystem-servicedisserviceOne-HealthEcoHealthPlanetary-Healthintegrated-pest-managementIPMvector-controlacaricideinsecticideresistanceinsecticide-resistanceacaricide-resistanceresistance-managementrotationmosaicmixturesynergistbiological-controlentomopathogenic-fungusnematodepredatorparasitoidhabitat-modificationenvironmental-managementpersonal-protectionrepellentinsecticide-treated-clothingpicaridinIR3535oil-of-lemon-eucalyptusPMD2-undecanonespatial-repellentattract-and-killpush-pullsurveillanceactive-surveillancepassive-surveillancesentinel-surveillancesyndromic-surveillancetick-dragflaggingCO2-trapdry-icehost-seekingtick-collectionspecimen-preservationvoucheringmuseumcollectionrepositorydatabaseGBIFGenBankBOLDNCBIITISEOLWikidataWikipediaResearchGateGoogle-ScholarWeb-of-ScienceScopusPubMedMEDLINEEMBASECAB-AbstractsZoological-RecordBIOSISagricolaagricultural-databaseveterinary-databasemedical-databaseentomological-databaseacarological-databasetick-databaseIxodes-databaseLyme-disease-databasevector-databasepathogen-databaseBorrelia-databasespirochete-databaseecological-databasebiodiversity-databaseobservationcitizen-scienceiNaturalisteBirdProject-FeederWatchChristmas-Bird-CountNorth-American-Breeding-Bird-Surveybird-bandingmark-recaptureradio-telemetryGPS-trackinggeolocatorlight-level-loggeraccelerometerstable-isotopeisotope-analysismigratory-connectivityflywaymigration-routewintering-groundbreeding-groundstopover-sitemolt-migrationirruptive-migrationnomadismdispersalnatal-dispersalbreeding-dispersalseed-dispersalpollinationtrophic-cascadefood-webfood-chaintrophic-levelapex-predatormesopredatorkeystone-speciesecosystem-engineerfoundation-speciesflagship-speciesumbrella-speciesindicator-speciessentinel-speciesbioindicatorbiomonitorenvironmental-monitorpollution-indicatorclimate-indicatordisease-indicatorhealth-indicatorOne-Health-indicatorsurveillance-indicatorearly-warningrisk-assessmenthazard-identificationexposure-assessmentdose-responserisk-characterizationrisk-managementrisk-communicationrisk-perceptionrisk-behaviorprotective-behaviorpreventive-behaviorhealth-belief-modeltheory-of-planned-behaviorsocial-cognitive-theoryhealth-communicationhealth-educationhealth-promotiondisease-preventionprimary-preventionsecondary-preventiontertiary-preventionscreeningdiagnosistreatmentantibioticdoxycyclineamoxicillinceftriaxoneazithromycinprophylaxispost-exposure-prophylaxisvaccineLyme-disease-vaccinetick-vaccineanti-tick-vaccinetarget-of-acquired-immunitytick-salivasalivary-glandsalivary-proteinimmunomodulationimmunosuppressionanti-inflammatoryanticoagulantvasodilatoranestheticcement-conetick-attachmentfeeding-lesiontick-bitetick-borne-encephalitisTBEPowassan-virusdeer-tick-virusHeartland-virusBourbon-virusColorado-tick-feverRocky-Mountain-spotted-feverRMSFehrlichiosisanaplasmosisbabesiosistheileriosiscytauxzoonosishepatozoonosistick-paralysistick-toxicosisalpha-gal-syndromered-meat-allergygalactose-alpha-1,3-galactosesensitizationIgEallergic-reactionanaphylaxisdelayed-hypersensitivityimmediate-hypersensitivityimmune-responseinnate-immunityadaptive-immunityhumoral-immunitycell-mediated-immunityantibodycomplementcytokinechemokineinflammationfeverrasherythema-migransbulls-eye-rashSTARISouthern-tick-associated-rash-illnessBorrelia-lonestarirelapsing-fevertick-borne-relapsing-feverTBRFsoft-tickOrnithodorosArgasAmblyommaDermacentorHaemaphysalisRhipicephalusHyalommaBothriocrotonCosmiommaNosommaAnomalohimalayaArchaeocrotonCornupalpatumCompluriscutulaSternalixodesTrichotoixodesScaphixodesEndopalpigerEschariopalpigerExopalpigerPholeoixodesAfrixodesCeratixodesEschatocephalusEternalixodesLepidixodesMalayixodesMartaregaMegalixodesMyrmixodesNothoixodesOctoixodesPalpigerPartipalpigerPilonyssusProknekaliaPseudixodesRhinixodesSamarixodesXiphixodessubgenusspecies-groupI.-ricinus-complexI.-persulcatus-complexI.-scapularis-complexI.-pacificus-complexI.-affinis-groupI.-cookei-groupI.-marxi-groupI.-angustus-groupI.-soricis-groupI.-uriae-groupI.-holocyclus-groupI.-ceylonensis-groupI.-granulatus-groupI.-ovatus-groupI.-nipponensis-groupI.-persulcatus-groupI.-pavlovskyi-groupI.-ricinus-groupI.-scapularis-groupI.-pacificus-groupI.-affinisI.-auritulusI.-australiensisI.-boliviensisI.-brunneusI.-cookeiI.-cooleyiI.-cornuaeI.-cornuatusI.-crenulatusI.-damminiI.-dawsoniI.-dentatusI.-diomedeaeI.-domergueiI.-eadsiI.-eastoniI.-eldaricusI.-elongatusI.-eudyptidisI.-euplectropiI.-evansiI.-fecialisI.-festaiI.-frontalisI.-galapagoensisI.-ghilaroviI.-gibbosusI.-granulatusI.-gregsoniI.-hearleiI.-hexagonusI.-hirstiI.-holocyclusI.-hoogstraaliI.-howelliI.-hyattiI.-jacksoniI.-jellisoniI.-kashmiricusI.-kazakstaniI.-kingiI.-kohlsiI.-kopsteiniI.-kuntziI.-laguriI.-latusI.-layingensisI.-lewisiI.-lividusI.-longiscutatusI.-loricatusI.-luciaeI.-malayensisI.-marxiI.-masloviI.-matopiI.-minorI.-monospinosusI.-moreliI.-moschiferiI.-murisI.-murreletiI.-myospalacisI.-nchisiensisI.-necromysI.-neitziI.-nipponensisI.-nuttalliI.-ochotonaeI.-okapiaeI.-oldiI.-ornithorhynchiI.-ovatusI.-pacificusI.-pararicinusI.-pavlovskyiI.-percavatusI.-peromysciI.-persulcatusI.-pomerantziI.-pterodromaeI.-quadratusI.-raccoonisI.-rageauiI.-randrianasoloiI.-rasusI.-redikorzeviI.-ricinusI.-rothschildiI.-rotundatusI.-rubicundusI.-rugicollisI.-rugosusI.-sapeloensisI.-sarsiI.-scapularisI.-schillingsiI.-sculptusI.-semenoviI.-soricisI.-spinaeI.-steiniI.-stilesiI.-stromiI.-subterranusI.-tancitariusI.-tanukiI.-tapirusI.-tasmaniI.-tayloriI.-tertiariusI.-texanusI.-theileraeI.-thomasaeI.-tovariI.-transvaalensisI.-triangulicepsI.-trichosuriI.-turdusI.-uriaeI.-vandenbergiI.-vanidicusI.-ventalloiI.-vespertilionisI.-victoriensisI.-walkeraeI.-werneriI.-woodiI.-zaglossiI.-zairensistick-taxonomytick-systematicstick-phylogenytick-evolutiontick-biogeographytick-ecologytick-physiologytick-behaviortick-reproductiontick-developmenttick-nutritiontick-metabolismtick-respirationtick-excretiontick-osmoregulationtick-neurobiologytick-sensory-biologytick-chemoreceptiontick-thermoreceptiontick-mechanoreceptiontick-photoreceptiontick-circadian-rhythmtick-biological-clocktick-seasonalitytick-diapausetick-overwinteringtick-cold-hardinesstick-desiccation-resistancetick-water-balancetick-cuticletick-moltingtick-ecdysistick-growthtick-feedingtick-engorgementtick-blood-mealtick-digestiontick-salivationtick-saliva-compositiontick-salivary-gland-transcriptometick-salivary-proteometick-pharmacologytick-toxicologytick-venomtick-paralysis-toxintick-borne-pathogentick-borne-virustick-borne-bacteriumtick-borne-protozoantick-borne-helminthtick-borne-rickettsiatick-borne-ehrlichiatick-borne-anaplasmatick-borne-borreliatick-borne-babesiatick-borne-theileriatick-borne-hepatozoontick-borne-coxiellatick-borne-francisellatick-borne-bartonellatick-borne-chlamydiatick-borne-mycoplasmatick-borne-spiroplasmatick-borne-arbovirustick-borne-flavivirustick-borne-bunyavirustick-borne-reovirustick-borne-orbivirustick-borne-coltivirustick-borne-nairovirustick-borne-phlebovirustick-borne-thogotovirustick-borne-orthomyxovirustick-borne-arenavirustick-borne-hantavirustick-borne-paramyxovirustick-borne-rhabdovirustick-borne-bornavirustick-borne-filovirustick-borne-coronavirustick-borne-poxvirustick-borne-herpesvirustick-borne-adenovirustick-borne-papillomavirustick-borne-polyomavirustick-borne-circovirustick-borne-parvovirustick-borne-anellovirustick-borne-dependovirustick-borne-tenuivirustick-borne-deltavirustick-borne-hepadnavirustick-borne-retrovirustick-borne-lentivirustick-borne-spumavirustick-borne-metavirustick-borne-pseudovirustick-borne-hemivirustick-borne-novirhabdovirustick-borne-peribunyavirustick-borne-phenuivirustick-borne-bandavirustick-borne-phasivirustick-borne-tulasvirustick-borne-orthonairovirustick-borne-shavivirustick-borne-sathuperi-virustick-borne-salehabad-virustick-borne-dera-ghazi-khan-virustick-borne-hughes-virustick-borne-farallon-virustick-borne-punta-salinas-virustick-borne-sapphire-II-virustick-borne-zirqa-virustick-borne-keterah-virustick-borne-thiafora-virustick-borne-erve-virustick-borne-malsoor-virustick-borne-tibet-virustick-borne-qalyub-virustick-borne-yogue-virustick-borne-kasokero-virustick-borne-lebombo-virustick-borne-nyamanini-virustick-borne-midway-virustick-borne-tokar-virustick-borne-absettarov-virustick-borne-hypr-virustick-borne-kumlinge-virustick-borne-omsk-hemorrhagic-fever-virustick-borne-langat-virustick-borne-louping-ill-virustick-borne-kyasanur-forest-disease-virustick-borne-alkhurma-hemorrhagic-fever-virustick-borne-powassan-virustick-borne-deer-tick-virustick-borne-heartland-virustick-borne-bourbon-virustick-borne-colorado-tick-fever-virustick-borne-eyach-virustick-borne-banna-virustick-borne-seadornavirustick-borne-great-island-virustick-borne-kemerovo-virustick-borne-lipovnik-virustick-borne-tribec-virustick-borne-chobar-gorge-virustick-borne-wad-Medani-virustick-borne-dugbe-virustick-borne-crimean-congo-hemorrhagic-fever-virustick-borne-nairobi-sheep-disease-virustick-borne-ganjam-virustick-borne-bandia-virustick-borne-sierra-nevada-virustick-borne-lone-star-virustick-borne-severe-fever-with-thrombocytopenia-syndrome-virustick-borne-huaiyangshan-virustick-borne-guertu-virustick-borne-Alongshan-virustick-borne-wenzhou-virustick-borne-wuhan-virustick-borne-yongjia-virustick-borne-chiba-virustick-borne-natori-virustick-borne-odawara-virustick-borne-kowloon-virustick-borne-tamanavirusJonthonota mexicana
Jonthonota mexicana is a species of tortoise beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, first described by Champion in 1894. It belongs to the subfamily Cassidinae, characterized by the distinctive flattened, shield-like body form typical of tortoise beetles. The species is known to occur in both Central America and North America. As a member of the genus Jonthonota, it shares affinities with other morning glory-associated tortoise beetles.
Kuschelina laeta
Pleasing Kuschelina
Kuschelina laeta is a species of flea beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. The species occurs in Central America and North America. As a member of the tribe Alticini, it possesses the enlarged hind femora characteristic of flea beetles, which enable jumping. The common name "Pleasing Kuschelina" is used on iNaturalist.
Kuschelina tenuilineata
Kuschelina tenuilineata is a species of flea beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It was described by Horn in 1889. The species is distributed across Central America and North America. As a member of the flea beetle subfamily Alticinae, it possesses enlarged hind femora adapted for jumping.
Laccobius borealis
Laccobius borealis is a species of water scavenger beetle in the family Hydrophilidae. It has been recorded across northern and western North America, from Alaska and Canada through the western United States to Mexico. The species belongs to a genus of small aquatic beetles commonly found in freshwater habitats.
Laccophilus maculosus
dingy diver
Laccophilus maculosus, commonly known as the dingy diver, is a predaceous diving beetle in the family Dytiscidae. The species is distributed across Central America and North America. It belongs to a genus of small to medium-sized diving beetles that inhabit freshwater environments.
Lachesilla dona
fateful barklouse
Lachesilla dona is a species of barklouse in the family Lachesillidae, described by Sommerman in 1946. It belongs to the order Psocodea, a group of small, soft-bodied insects commonly known as barklice or booklice. The species has been recorded in both Central America and North America.
Lachesilla sulcata
fateful barklouse
Lachesilla sulcata is a species of barklouse described by García-Aldrete in 1986. It belongs to the family Lachesillidae, a group of small, soft-bodied insects commonly known as barklice or booklice. The species has been documented in both Central America and North America, with confirmed records from Mexico and the United States. As with many psocid species, detailed ecological and behavioral information remains limited.
Lachesilla tropica
Lachesilla tropica is a species of barklouse in the family Lachesillidae, described by García-Aldrete in 1982. The species belongs to the order Psocodea, a group of small insects commonly known as barklice or booklice. It has been recorded from the Caribbean Sea region, Central America, and North America, with specific distribution records from Mexico. As a member of Lachesillidae, it is part of a family of free-living barklice typically associated with vegetation and bark habitats.
Lachnodactyla texana
toe-winged beetle
Lachnodactyla texana is a species of toe-winged beetle in the family Ptilodactylidae, first described by Schaeffer in 1906. The species is distributed across Central America and North America. As a member of the Ptilodactylidae, it belongs to a family characterized by beetles with expanded tarsal segments that bear adhesive setae, commonly referred to as 'toe-winged' beetles. Very few specific biological details have been documented for this particular species.
Laemophloeus biguttatus
Two-spotted Flat Bark Beetle
Laemophloeus biguttatus is a species of lined flat bark beetle in the family Laemophloeidae. The species is distributed across Central America and North America, with records extending to British Columbia. As a member of Laemophloeidae, it belongs to a group commonly known as flat bark beetles due to their dorsoventrally compressed bodies adapted for living under bark.
Lampethusa anatina
Lampethusa anatina is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Distant in 1884. It belongs to the diverse suborder Heteroptera, a group characterized by piercing-sucking mouthparts. The genus Lampethusa is poorly documented in scientific literature, and few specific details are known about this species' biology or ecology. Available records indicate it occurs in Central America.
Lampetis cupreopunctata
Tamaulipan Copper-spotted Buprestid
A metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, characterized by copper-spotted coloration. Native to the Nearctic and Neotropical regions, with documented presence in Central America and North America. The common name references the Tamaulipan region, suggesting association with northeastern Mexico and adjacent areas.
Languria convexicollis
lizard beetle
Languria convexicollis is a species of lizard beetle in the family Erotylidae, characterized by an elongated, somewhat flattened body form typical of the subfamily Languriinae. The species is known from both Central and North America, with records extending as far north as British Columbia, Canada. Like other members of its genus, it belongs to a group commonly referred to as lizard beetles due to their reptile-like appearance and elongate body shape.
Languria mozardi
clover stem borer
Languria mozardi is a small lizard beetle (Coleoptera: Erotylidae) commonly known as the clover stem borer. Adults are red and black, measuring 4–9 mm in length. The species is native to North and Central America, with larvae developing inside the stems of host plants. Multiple host records document its presence on agricultural crops, including clover, canola, and soybeans.
Largus maculatus
Mexican Bordered Plant Bug
Largus maculatus is a bordered plant bug in the family Largidae, commonly known as the Mexican Bordered Plant Bug. It is found in Central America and North America. The species belongs to a genus whose members are often mistaken for stink bugs (Pentatomidae) or leaf-footed bugs (Coreidae) due to similar body shapes and color patterns. Nymphs of related Largus species display distinctive metallic blue coloration with a red dorsal spot, while adults typically show black bodies with orange or red marginal markings.
Lasaia sula peninsularis
Lasaia sula peninsularis is a subspecies of metalmark butterfly in the family Riodinidae. The species Lasaia sula is distributed across parts of Central America and the Caribbean, with the subspecies peninsularis occurring in specific peninsular regions. Members of the genus Lasaia are small butterflies often noted for their dark coloration with metallic blue or green markings.
Lebasiella pallipes
checkered beetle
Lebasiella pallipes is a species of checkered beetle in the family Cleridae. It was described by Klug in 1842. The species is found in Central America and North America. Very little specific information is available about its biology, ecology, or behavior.
Lebia abdominalis
Lebia abdominalis is a small ground beetle in the family Carabidae, distributed across Central America, the Caribbean, and the southern United States. The genus Lebia comprises colorful foliage ground beetles often noted for their bright metallic wing covers. This species has been recorded from Belize, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, Jamaica, and the United States, though detailed ecological information remains limited in the available literature.
Lebia histrionica
Lebia histrionica is a small ground beetle in the family Carabidae. The species has been recorded from Arizona in the United States, as well as Mexico and Guatemala. Like other members of the genus Lebia, it likely exhibits bright metallic coloration on its wing covers.
Lebia scalpta
Lebia scalpta is a species of foliage ground beetle in the family Carabidae, first described by Henry Walter Bates in 1883. It is one of numerous small, often brightly colored species in the genus Lebia. The species is known from both Central America and North America, with records from Mexico and the United States. Like other members of its genus, it is likely nocturnal and attracted to artificial light sources.
Lebia subrugosa
Lebia subrugosa is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae, described by Chaudoir in 1871. It belongs to the genus Lebia, a group of small, often brightly metallic beetles commonly known as colorful foliage ground beetles. The species has been documented from Guatemala, Mexico, and the United States, indicating a distribution spanning southern North America and Central America. Like other members of its genus, it is likely nocturnal and attracted to lights.
Lema confusa
Lema confusa is a species of leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, first described by Chevrolat in 1835. It has a broad geographic distribution spanning the Caribbean, Central America, North America, and South America. As a member of the genus Lema, it belongs to a group of leaf beetles commonly associated with plants in the family Solanaceae.
Lema trivittata
three-lined lema beetle, three-lined potato beetle
A leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, recognized by its bright orange thorax, yellow legs, and three black longitudinal stripes on yellow elytra. Adults and larvae feed on plants in the nightshade family (Solanaceae), including potato, jimsonweed, and bittersweet nightshade. The species has evolved physiological tolerance to tropane alkaloids, toxic compounds produced by its host plants. Native to Central and North America, with introduced populations in Australia.
Leptinotarsa haldemani
Haldeman's green potato beetle
Leptinotarsa haldemani, commonly known as Haldeman's green potato beetle, is a small leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It is named after 19th-century American entomologist Samuel Stehman Haldeman. The species is distinguished by its glossy metallic green elytra, black head, and black appendages. It feeds primarily on wild Solanaceae species and is occasionally found on cultivated potatoes.
Leptinotarsa lineolata
Burrobrush Leaf Beetle
Leptinotarsa lineolata is a leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, closely related to the Colorado Potato Beetle. Adults measure 7-8 millimeters and display distinctive coloration: metallic green head and thorax with ivory elytra marked by black streaks. The species is a specialist herbivore, feeding exclusively on Burrobrush (Hymenoclea monogyra). Populations become abundant following summer monsoon rains, typically in early to mid-July.
Leptotes cassius
Cassius blue, tropical striped blue
Leptotes cassius is a small, strikingly blue butterfly in the family Lycaenidae, distributed across the southern United States, Caribbean, Mexico, Central America, and South America. The species exhibits facultative myrmecophily, with larvae tended by Camponotus ants, though ant presence does not significantly influence oviposition decisions. Caterpillars are florivorous, developing inside flower buds of leguminous host plants. Multiple subspecies are recognized, with L. c. theonus serving as the type species of the genus Leptotes.
Leptoypha mutica
Fringetree Lace Bug
Leptoypha mutica is a lace bug (family Tingidae) native to North and Central America. It is a specialist herbivore of plants in the family Oleaceae, with documented associations including ash (Fraxinus), fringetree (Chionanthus virginicus), lilac (Syringa villosa), and Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense). The species has been studied for its developmental biology and host choice behavior, particularly on invasive Chinese privet. Its feeding causes chlorotic blotches on leaves, with damage concentrated around leaf midribs and lateral veins.
Lepturges infilatus
Lepturges infilatus is a species of longhorn beetle in the subfamily Lamiinae, described by Henry Walter Bates in 1872. It belongs to the tribe Acanthocinini, a group of small to medium-sized cerambycids often associated with dead or decaying wood. The species occurs in Central America and parts of North America, including Costa Rica and Guatemala.
Leucochrysa floridana
Florida Lacewing
Leucochrysa floridana is a species of green lacewing in the family Chrysopidae. The genus Leucochrysa belongs to the subgenus Nodita, a group characterized by distinctive morphological features. Adults are predatory insects commonly found in various habitats across the southeastern United States, Caribbean, and parts of Central America. Larvae of related species in this genus are known for carrying debris on their backs as camouflage.
Leucochrysa pavida
Lichen-carrying Green Lacewing
Leucochrysa pavida is a green lacewing species in the family Chrysopidae, distributed across North America, Central America, and South America. Its larvae are notable for carrying lichen and other debris as camouflage, a behavior that distinguishes them from many other chrysopid larvae. The species was first described by Hagen in 1861 and has been studied for its distinctive defensive behaviors.
Lexiphanes mexicanus
Mexican case-bearing leaf beetle
Lexiphanes mexicanus is a case-bearing leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, subfamily Cryptocephalinae. The species belongs to the tribe Clytrini, whose larvae construct portable cases from fecal material and plant debris. It occurs in both Central America and North America. As a member of the genus Lexiphanes, it exhibits the characteristic cryptocephaline morphology with a compact body form adapted for leaf-feeding.
Lineodes fontella
Eastern Lineodes Moth
Lineodes fontella, commonly known as the eastern lineodes moth, is a small crambid moth described by Walsingham in 1913. It is widely distributed across the southeastern United States, the Caribbean, and parts of Central and South America. The species is notable for its specialized larval association with Physalis fruits.
Lineostethus clypeatus
Lineostethus clypeatus is a species of stink bug in the family Pentatomidae, tribe Discocephalini. It was originally described by Stål in 1862. The species belongs to a genus characterized by a discoid head, a distinctive morphological feature among discocephaline genera. It is one of four previously recognized species in the genus Lineostethus, which was taxonomically revised in 2018.
Lineostethus tenebricornis
Lineostethus tenebricornis is a stink bug species in the tribe Discocephalini, originally described by Ruckes in 1957. The species belongs to a genus characterized by a distinctly discoid (rounded, disc-shaped) head, a trait typical of discocephaline pentatomids. It was one of four species included in the 2018 taxonomic revision of Lineostethus, which provided updated morphological descriptions and identification keys.
Linsleya suavissima
Linsleya suavissima is a species of blister beetle in the family Meloidae, first described by Wellman in 1910. It belongs to the subgenus Linsleya within the genus Linsleya and is part of the tribe Epicautini. The species occurs in both Central America and North America, with museum holdings indicating it is represented by more than 25 specimens in the Entomology Research Museum collection. Like other members of the Meloidae, adults likely contain cantharidin, a defensive compound that causes blistering.
Lipogomphus brevis
velvet water bug
Lipogomphus brevis is a species of velvet water bug in the family Hebridae. It belongs to the infraorder Dipsocoromorpha, a group of small predatory true bugs often associated with moist or aquatic habitats. The species was described by Champion in 1898 and is known from Central America and North America. Like other members of Hebridae, it is presumed to inhabit the surface film of quiet waters.
Liris partitus
Liris partitus is a species of square-headed wasp in the family Crabronidae, tribe Larrini. It is known from Central America and North America. As a member of the genus Liris, it is likely a solitary wasp that hunts crickets as prey, though specific biological details for this species remain poorly documented. The species was described in 1984 as part of a revision of North American Liris.
Loedelia maculicollis
Loedelia maculicollis is a checkered beetle in the family Cleridae, distributed across Central America and North America. The species was described by LeConte in 1874. As a member of Cleridae, it likely functions as a predator or scavenger in its ecosystem, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented.
Lomachaeta
Lomachaeta is a genus of velvet ants (Mutillidae) established by Mickel in 1936. The genus includes species distributed across western North America, Mexico, Central America, and South America. A 2004 revision described six new species and consolidated several previously described species under L. hicksi. Host data have been recorded for at least some species, indicating parasitoid relationships with other insects.
Longitarsus varicornis
Banded Heliotrope Longitarsus
Longitarsus varicornis is a species of flea beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, first described by Suffrian in 1868. It belongs to the tribe Alticini, a group characterized by enlarged hind femora adapted for jumping. The species has a broad geographic distribution spanning the Caribbean, Central America, North America, and South America. As with other members of the genus Longitarsus, it is likely associated with herbaceous vegetation, though specific host plant records for this species remain limited.
Lophalia
Lophalia is a genus of longhorn beetles in the family Cerambycidae, subfamily Cerambycinae, and tribe Trachyderini. The genus was established by Casey in 1912 and currently contains six described species distributed in the Americas. Members of this genus are characterized by features typical of the Trachyderini tribe, including often robust bodies and frequently vivid coloration patterns. The genus has been documented through 258 iNaturalist observations, indicating moderate field recognition.
Loxa
Loxa is a genus of shield bugs in the family Pentatomidae, tribe Pentatomini. Species in this genus are distributed primarily in Central America and Mexico, with records extending into Texas, Florida, and South America. Some species, particularly Loxa deducta, are recognized as minor crop pests. The genus shares morphological similarities with Chlorocorini genera including Chlorocoris, Chloropepla, Mayrinia, and Fecelia.
Lysilinga
Lysilinga is a genus of stiletto flies (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) comprising 10 species distributed in North and Central America. The genus was established by Irwin and Lyneborg in 1981 and revised by Webb in 2006, who described seven new species and resolved two synonymies. Species are distinguished primarily by male and female genitalia morphology.
Lytta cribrata
Diamond-head Lytta
Lytta cribrata is a species of blister beetle in the family Meloidae, placed in the subgenus Paralytta within the genus Lytta. The species is found in Central America and North America. Like other members of its genus, it produces cantharidin, a defensive compound that causes blistering upon contact with skin. The species was described by LeConte in 1853 and is represented by 5 specimens in the University of California Entomology Research Museum collection.
Lytta deserticola
Lytta deserticola is a species of blister beetle in the family Meloidae, first described by Horn in 1870. It belongs to the subgenus Paralytta within the genus Lytta. The species is found in Central America and North America, with museum holdings indicating it is represented by 37 specimens in the UCR Entomology Research Museum collection. As a member of Meloidae, it likely possesses the family's characteristic chemical defense system involving cantharidins.
Lytta mutilata
Lytta mutilata is a blister beetle in the family Meloidae, first described by Horn in 1875. It is classified in the subgenus Adicolytta within the genus Lytta. The species occurs in Central America and North America, with museum holdings documenting 28 specimens in the Entomology Research Museum collection.
Macalla thyrsisalis
mahogany webworm moth, mahogany webworm
Macalla thyrsisalis, known as the mahogany webworm moth, is a snout moth in the family Pyralidae described by Francis Walker in 1859. The larval stage is a strikingly colored caterpillar that feeds on West Indies mahogany, causing damage to the host plant. The species is distributed across southern Florida, the Caribbean, Central America, and northern South America.
Macratria brunnea
antlike flower beetle
Macratria brunnea is a species of antlike flower beetle in the family Anthicidae. It is found in Central America and North America. The species was described by Casey in 1895.
Macrodactylus
rose chafers, American rose chafers
Macrodactylus is a genus of scarab beetles in the family Scarabaeidae, commonly known as rose chafers or American rose chafers. The genus contains at least 110 described species distributed primarily in the Americas. Adults are typically associated with vegetation, and some species are documented agricultural pests of crops such as maize. Larval stages are soil-dwelling and develop in association with organic matter or host plant roots.
Mallodon
hardwood stump borer
Mallodon is a genus of prionine longhorned beetles in the family Cerambycidae. The genus contains approximately eight described species distributed across the Americas, with M. dasystomus being the most widely studied and geographically extensive. Species in this genus are characterized by large body size, prominent mandibles, and association with hardwood hosts. The genus was established by Lacordaire in 1830.
Mantoida maya
Little Yucatán Mantis
Mantoida maya, commonly known as the little Yucatán mantis, is a species of praying mantis in the family Mantoididae. The species was described by Saussure and Zehntner in 1894. It represents one of the smaller mantid species and has been documented in both Middle America and North America.
Marginitermes hubbardi
light western drywood termite
Marginitermes hubbardi, commonly called the light western drywood termite, is a drywood termite species in the family Kalotermitidae. It is distinguished from the sympatric Incisitermes minor by its notably paler winged reproductives. The species is native to arid regions of southwestern North America and Central America, where it colonizes dry wood including living trees, dead cacti, and human structures. Unlike dampwood or subterranean termites, it does not require soil contact or high moisture levels to establish colonies.
Martarega mexicana
backswimmer
Martarega mexicana is a species of backswimmer (family Notonectidae) first described by Truxal in 1949. As a member of the genus Martarega, it belongs to a group of aquatic predatory insects known for swimming upside down beneath the water surface. The species has been documented in both Central America and North America, though specific details about its biology remain limited in published literature.
Mecas bicallosa
Mecas bicallosa is a species of longhorned beetle in the family Cerambycidae, first described by Martin in 1924. The species occurs in North and Central America. Like other members of the genus Mecas, it is associated with plants in the sunflower family (Asteraceae), where larvae bore into stems and roots.
Mecynotarsus candidus
monoceros beetle
Mecynotarsus candidus is a species of monoceros beetle in the family Anthicidae. It was described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1875. The species occurs in Central America and North America, with records including the Canadian province of Alberta. As a member of Anthicidae, it belongs to a family commonly known as ant-like flower beetles, though specific ecological details for this species remain poorly documented.
Megacerus cubiculus
Cubical Bruchid
Megacerus cubiculus is a species of seed beetle in the subfamily Bruchinae, commonly known as the Cubical Bruchid. It occurs across Central and North America. Like other members of the genus Megacerus, it is associated with leguminous host plants. The species has been documented in 488 iNaturalist observations, indicating it is moderately well-recorded.
Megacerus impiger
Megacerus impiger is a leaf beetle species in the family Chrysomelidae. It occurs in Central America and North America. The genus Megacerus belongs to the subfamily Bruchinae, commonly known as seed beetles, though this species' specific biology remains poorly documented.
Megachile zapoteca
Megachile zapoteca is a solitary leafcutter bee in the family Megachilidae, first described by Cresson in 1878. It is native to Mexico and Central America, with records from multiple Mexican states including Chiapas, Oaxaca, and Veracruz, as well as Costa Rica, Guatemala, and Honduras. As a member of the genus Megachile, it likely exhibits the characteristic leaf-cutting behavior for nest construction, though specific behavioral details for this species remain poorly documented.
Megalomus fidelis
brown lacewing
Megalomus fidelis is a species of brown lacewing (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae) described by Banks in 1897. It is distributed across Central America and North America, with records from the United States including Vermont. As a member of the Megalomus genus, it belongs to a group of lacewings generally associated with forested and wooded habitats. The species has been documented through observation records, though detailed biological studies remain limited.
Megalomus moestus
Megalomus moestus is a species of brown lacewing in the family Hemerobiidae, first described by Nathan Banks in 1895. It is distributed across North America and Central America. As a member of the Megalomus genus, it shares characteristics with other brown lacewings, though specific ecological details for this species remain limited in published literature.
Megalostomis pyropyga
Megalostomis pyropyga is a case-bearing leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It is found in Central America and North America. The species was described by Lacordaire in 1848. As a member of the case-bearing leaf beetles, it likely constructs protective cases from its own fecal material, a characteristic trait of its subfamily Cryptocephalinae.
Megalostomis subfasciata
Megalostomis subfasciata is a case-bearing leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It was originally described by LeConte in 1868. A 2013 taxonomic revision designated a lectotype for this species and synonymized two previously recognized subspecific forms: M. subfasciata majorubrofasciata and M. subfasciata murina. The species is recorded from North America and Central America.
Megathymus ursus
Ursine Giant-Skipper, Ursus Giant Skipper
Megathymus ursus is a species of giant skipper butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It is distributed across North America and Central America. The species was described by Poling in 1902 and is recognized by three subspecies: M. u. ursus, M. u. deserti, and M. u. violae. It belongs to the genus Megathymus, a group of large-bodied skippers commonly known as giant skippers.
Melacoryphus
Melacoryphus is a genus of seed bugs in the family Lygaeidae, established by Slater in 1988. The genus comprises approximately 11 described species distributed in Central and North America. Species within this genus are small to medium-sized true bugs with seed-feeding habits typical of the family. The genus was erected to accommodate species previously placed elsewhere, with Melacoryphus lateralis serving as the type species.
Melanis
Melanis is a genus of butterflies in the family Riodinidae, restricted to the Neotropical realm. The genus was established by Hübner in 1819 and contains approximately 30 described species distributed across Central and South America, with highest diversity in Brazil. Species within this genus exhibit variation in wing patterns and are typically found in tropical and subtropical forest habitats.
Melissodes pallidisignatus
Melissodes pallidisignatus is a long-horned bee species in the family Apidae, native to North and Central America. Like other members of the genus Melissodes, it is a solitary ground-nesting bee. The species is part of a diverse genus of approximately 130 species of medium to large bees commonly known as long-horned bees due to the elongated antennae of males. It contributes to pollination in its native range, though specific ecological studies on this species are limited compared to better-known congeners such as Melissodes agilis.
Melissodes paroselae
Parosela Long-horned Bee
Melissodes paroselae is a species of long-horned bee in the family Apidae, first described by Cockerell in 1905. Like other members of the genus Melissodes, it is characterized by elongated antennae, particularly in males. The species is distributed across Central America and North America. As a member of the tribe Eucerini, it is a solitary, ground-nesting bee that contributes to pollination of native flora.
Melissodes tepidus
Long-horned bee
Melissodes tepidus is a species of long-horned bee in the family Apidae, native to North and Central America. Like other members of the genus Melissodes, males exhibit distinctive sleeping aggregations on vegetation at night while females nest solitarily in the ground. The species contributes to pollination of various flowering plants. It is one of more than 1600 native bee species recorded in California alone.
Melissodes tristis
Dark-faced Longhorn Bee
Melissodes tristis is a long-horned bee species in the family Apidae, tribe Eucerini. It is commonly known as the Dark-faced Longhorn Bee. The species occurs in North America and Central America. Like other Melissodes species, it is a solitary bee with males typically exhibiting elongated antennae.
Melitoma marginella
Margined Turret Bee
Melitoma marginella is a species of chimney bee (also called turret bee) in the family Apidae. It is native to Central America and North America. The common name "Margined Turret Bee" refers to the distinctive nest architecture this species constructs.
Mellinus imperialis
Mellinus imperialis is a small digger wasp in the family Crabronidae. It is found in Central America and North America. The species is rarely encountered and poorly known biologically.
Meloe dugesi
Meloe dugesi is a species of blister beetle (family Meloidae) described by Champion in 1891. It belongs to the genus Meloe, commonly known as oil beetles, which are characterized by their defensive production of cantharidins. The species occurs in Central America and North America. Like other members of its genus, it likely exhibits the typical Meloe life cycle involving triungulin larvae that parasitize solitary bees.
Memphis forreri
Forrer's Leafwing
Memphis forreri is a leafwing butterfly (Nymphalidae) found in Central America. The species exhibits striking sexual dimorphism in wing shape and displays dead-leaf mimicry on its ventral surface. Adults have pointed forewings with distinctive blue coloration dorsally. The caterpillar feeds specifically on Ocotea verguensis.
Merobruchus insolitus
White Dart Bruchid
Merobruchus insolitus is a species of leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, first described by Sharp in 1885. It is distributed across Central America and North America. The species is commonly known as the White Dart Bruchid. As a member of the genus Merobruchus, it belongs to a group of seed beetles typically associated with leguminous host plants.
Merobruchus terani
Merobruchus terani is a species of seed beetle in the subfamily Bruchinae, described by Kingsolver in 1980. It belongs to a genus whose members are associated with legume seeds, though specific host records for this species remain limited. The species occurs in Central America and North America.
Merocoris distinctus
Merocoris distinctus is a small, atypical leaf-footed bug (family Coreidae) found in grassland habitats across North and Central America. Unlike most coreids, it lacks the flattened, leaf-like hind tibiae characteristic of the family, instead possessing distinctly curved hind tibiae and club-shaped, enlarged hind femora. The species feeds on herbaceous plants including goldenrod (Solidago spp.) and lanceleaf tickseed (Coreopsis lanceolata), and has been documented engaging in thanatosis (death feigning) as an anti-predator defense. A notable record documents twelve individuals feeding gregariously on carrion, reflecting the extra-phytophagous feeding habits occasionally observed in Coreidae.
Mesophleps
Mesophleps is a genus of small moths in the family Gelechiidae. The genus contains multiple species distributed across several continents. At least one species, Mesophleps adustipennis, has been documented feeding on Leucaena species (Fabaceae) in Honduras. The genus is taxonomically established with records from Europe and Central America.
Mesovelia polhemusi
Mesovelia polhemusi is a marine water treader (family Mesoveliidae) described from Belize in 1990. It occupies a highly specialized habitat in tidal mangrove forests, an environment where few other aquatic insects occur. The species has been documented in southern Florida, expanding its known range beyond the type locality. It was named in honor of heteropteran specialist John T. Polhemus.
Metachroma ustum
Burnt Metachroma
Metachroma ustum is a small leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, first described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1858. It ranges from 4.8 to 7.0 mm in body length. The species occurs in both Central America and North America, with limited observational records available.
Metepeira minima
Metepeira minima is a small orb-weaving spider in the family Araneidae. The species was described by Gertsch in 1936 and occurs from the United States south to Honduras. Like other members of its genus, it constructs a distinctive web architecture combining a small orb web with a tangled, labyrinthine retreat structure.
Methia
Methia is a genus of longhorned beetles in the family Cerambycidae, subfamily Cerambycinae, and tribe Methiini. The genus was established by Newman in 1842 and contains approximately 40 described species distributed primarily in North and Central America, with some species extending into South America. Species within this genus are typically small to medium-sized cerambycids. Adult Methia have been documented as attracted to ultraviolet and mercury vapor lights, suggesting nocturnal or crepuscular activity patterns.
Mezira emarginata
flat bug
Mezira emarginata is a species of flat bug in the family Aradidae. The species was described by Say in 1832. It occurs in Central America and North America. Flat bugs in this family are typically associated with decaying wood and fungal habitats.
Micrathena funebris
Micrathena funebris is an orb-weaving spider in the family Araneidae, distributed from the United States through Central America to Costa Rica. As a member of the spiny orbweaver genus Micrathena, it shares the characteristic armored abdomen with spines or projections typical of this tropical and subtropical group. The species was originally described as Acrosoma funebre by Marx in 1898.
Micromus posticus
brown lacewing
Micromus posticus is a species of brown lacewing in the family Hemerobiidae. It is a predatory insect found across the Caribbean, Central America, and North America. Both larvae and adults feed on aphids, making it a potentially beneficial species in agricultural and garden settings. The species has been documented through blacklighting observations and is one of the more commonly encountered brown lacewings in its range.
Microphotus pecosensis
Pecos desert firefly
Microphotus pecosensis is a firefly species in the beetle family Lampyridae, first described by Fall in 1912. It belongs to the genus Microphotus, which comprises small, often dimly luminescent fireflies found in arid and semi-arid regions of North America. The species is known from limited observations, with only 14 documented records on iNaturalist.
Microtia elva
Elf, Elf Butterfly
Microtia elva, commonly known as the elf or elf butterfly, is a small butterfly species in the family Nymphalidae. It is the sole member of its genus, which is monophyletic and restricted to the southern United States and Central America. The species has been observed over 3,000 times on iNaturalist, indicating it is relatively well-documented within its range. Larvae feed on plants in the family Acanthaceae, particularly Tetramerium species.
Mimosestes protractus
Mimosestes protractus is a species of leaf beetle first described by Horn in 1873. It belongs to the family Chrysomelidae, a diverse group of herbivorous beetles commonly known as leaf beetles. The species has been documented in both North America and Central America.
Mimosestes ulkei
retama weevil
Mimosestes ulkei, commonly known as the retama weevil, is a seed beetle in the family Chrysomelidae (subfamily Bruchinae). The species was originally described by Horn in 1873 as Bruchus ulkei and later transferred to the genus Mimosestes. It is distributed across Central America and North America. Like other members of the Bruchinae, this species is associated with leguminous host plants.
Ministrymon clytie
Clytie hairstreak, Clytie Ministreak
Ministrymon clytie, commonly known as the Clytie hairstreak or Clytie Ministreak, is a small butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. First described by William Henry Edwards in 1877, this species ranges from the southwestern United States through Mexico to Central America. It inhabits tropical forest openings and subtropical thorn forests. The larvae feed on Pithecellobium species.
Miraces aeneipennis
Bronze-winged Buckthorn Leaf Beetle
Miraces aeneipennis is a species of leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It was first described by Jacoby in 1888. The species occurs in Central America and North America. The specific epithet aeneipennis refers to the bronze-colored wings. Very little detailed information is available about its biology or ecology.
Mocis latipes
Small Mocis Moth, Striped Grass Looper
Mocis latipes is a moth in the family Erebidae, commonly known as the Small Mocis Moth or Striped Grass Looper. It has a broad distribution across the Americas, from southern Canada through the United States and into Central and South America. The species is notable for its grass-feeding larval stage, which can include agricultural crops such as rice and corn.
Monophylla pallipes
Monophylla pallipes is a species of checkered beetle in the family Cleridae, first described by Schaeffer in 1908. The species is distributed across Central America and North America. As a member of the Cleridae family, it belongs to a group commonly known as checkered beetles, which are typically predatory. Specific ecological details about this species remain limited in available sources.
Mulsantina
Mulsantina is a genus of lady beetles (family Coccinellidae) native to North and Central America and the Caribbean. The genus was established by Julius Weise in 1906, honoring French entomologist Étienne Mulsant, who had previously described this group under the name Cleis—a name later found to be preoccupied. The genus contains approximately nine species.
Mulsantina cyathigera
Ivory Lady Beetle
Mulsantina cyathigera is a small lady beetle (Coccinellidae) native to Central and North America, ranging from Guatemala through Mexico to the southern United States. Adults measure 3.3–4.7 mm and are characterized by a yellow body with distinctive brown markings: an M-shaped pattern on the pronotum and six spots on the elytra. The species is commonly known as the Ivory Lady Beetle.
Munroeodes thalesalis
Munroeodes thalesalis is a moth species in the family Crambidae, first described by Francis Walker in 1859. It belongs to the subfamily Pyraustinae. The species is known from Honduras, with limited published information available regarding its biology and ecology.
Myochrous magnus
Myochrous magnus is a species of leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, first described by American entomologist Charles Frederic August Schaeffer in 1904. The species occurs in Central America and North America. As a member of the genus Myochrous, it belongs to a group of leaf beetles whose biology and ecology remain poorly documented in the scientific literature.
Myrmeleon mexicanus
Myrmeleon mexicanus is an antlion species in the family Myrmeleontidae, described by Banks in 1903. The species occurs in Central America and North America. As with other antlions, it has a predatory larval stage that constructs pit traps in sandy soil to capture prey, and a winged adult stage that is primarily nocturnal.
Nallachius pulchellus
pleasing lacewing
Nallachius pulchellus is a species of pleasing lacewing in the family Dilaridae, described by Nathan Banks in 1938. The species is distributed across the Caribbean Sea, Central America, and North America. As a member of the Dilaridae, it belongs to a small family of lacewings commonly known as pleasing lacewings, characterized by their relatively broad wings and often colorful appearance.
Nanomyina
Nanomyina is a monotypic genus of long-legged flies in the family Dolichopodidae, containing only Nanomyina barbata. The genus was established by Harold E. Robinson in 1964. The single species is distinguished by conspicuous bristles on the lower face, referenced in its specific epithet "barbata" (Latin for "bearded").
Nathalis
Nathalis is a small genus of butterflies in the family Pieridae, containing two recognized species. The genus is notable for including the dainty sulphur (Nathalis iole), one of the smallest butterflies in North America. Species in this genus occur from North America through Central America to northern South America. The genus has been subject to behavioral study, with research documenting courtship displays in N. iole.
Neltumius arizonensis
Black and White Black Variegated Bruchid
Neltumius arizonensis is a species of leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, specifically placed in the seed beetle subfamily Bruchinae. The species is distributed across Central America and North America. Despite its specific epithet suggesting an Arizona connection, detailed ecological and biological information remains sparse in published literature.
Neltumius texanus
Snakewood Bruchid
Neltumius texanus is a species of leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, found in Central America and North America. It is commonly known as the Snakewood Bruchid. The genus Neltumius was previously placed in the family Bruchidae (seed beetles) before that family was subsumed into Chrysomelidae. The specific epithet "texanus" indicates a connection to Texas, though the precise nature of this association (type locality or broader distribution) is not detailed in available sources. The species is represented by relatively few observations, with only 6 records documented on iNaturalist.
Nemognatha cantharidis
Nemognatha cantharidis is a species of blister beetle in the family Meloidae, first described by MacSwain in 1951. It belongs to the subfamily Nemognathinae, a group characterized by elongated maxillary mouthparts adapted for nectar feeding on flowers. The species occurs in Central America and North America.
Nemognatha lurida
Nemognatha lurida is a blister beetle in the family Meloidae, subfamily Nemognathinae. The species occurs in Central and North America, with two recognized subspecies: N. l. lurida and N. l. apicalis. Like other members of the genus, it possesses elongated maxillary structures adapted for nectar feeding on flowers. The species is represented by 172 specimens in the UCR Entomology Research Museum collection.
Nemoria leptalea
Pink-margined Green
Nemoria leptalea is a species of emerald moth in the family Geometridae, commonly known as the Pink-margined Green. It was described by Ferguson in 1969. The species is recognized by its distinctive green coloration with pink marginal markings on the wings. It is recorded from both Central America and North America.
Nemoria obliqua
emerald moth
Nemoria obliqua is a species of emerald moth in the family Geometridae, first described by Hulst in 1898. It is native to Central America and North America. The species is assigned MONA/Hodges number 7037. Two subspecies are recognized: N. o. hennei and the nominate N. o. obliqua.
Nemotarsus rhombifer
Nemotarsus rhombifer is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae, first described by Henry Walter Bates in 1883. It belongs to the subfamily Lebiinae and tribe Cyclosomini. The species has been recorded from Guatemala, Mexico, and the United States, spanning parts of Central and North America.
Neobisnius jocosus
A rove beetle in the family Staphylinidae, recognized as a valid species with *alternans* (Sharp) synonymized under it. Part of a genus revision that established species boundaries through morphological analysis of adult males.
Neobisnius terminalis
A rove beetle species in the genus Neobisnius, recognized as valid with two subspecies: N. t. terminalis and N. t. elegantulus (Horn). Formerly considered distinct species, N. delicatulus and N. adustus are now synonymized under this name. The species is part of a taxonomic revision recognizing 39 New World species in the genus, with adults described and illustrated.
Neochlamisus scabripennis
warty leaf beetle
Neochlamisus scabripennis is a species of warty leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It belongs to the tribe Chlamisini, commonly known as warty leaf beetles due to their distinctive irregular, tuberculate body surface. The species is distributed across Central America and North America. Like other members of the genus, it exhibits remarkable mimicry of caterpillar frass (feces) as a defensive adaptation.
Neocicada
Painted Cicadas
Neocicada is a genus of cicadas in the family Cicadidae, tribe Leptopsaltriini, containing approximately five described species distributed across North and Central America. The genus was established by Kato in 1932 and is taxonomically distinct from other North American cicada genera, with its closest relative being the Old World genus Cicada. Species within this genus include N. hieroglyphica (the hieroglyphic cicada), N. chisos (the chisos cicada), and three species described in 2005: N. australamexicana, N. centramericana, and N. mediamexicana. Members produce loud daytime calls and are attracted to ultraviolet and mercury-vapor lights.
Neocicada chisos
Chisos Cicada
Neocicada chisos is a species of cicada in the family Cicadidae, one of three species originally described in the genus Neocicada before its taxonomic expansion. The species was first described as Cicada chisos by Davis in 1916 and later transferred to the genus Neocicada. It is endemic to the Chisos Mountains region of Texas and adjacent northern Mexico, with records from Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas. As with other cicadas, males produce sound using tymbals—specialized membranes on the ventral base of the abdomen.
Neoclypeodytes cinctellus
Neoclypeodytes cinctellus is a small predaceous diving beetle in the family Dytiscidae. It is distributed across western North America and northern Central America. The species has been documented as a predator of the critically endangered Devils Hole pupfish (*Cyprinodon diabolis*), representing a notable conservation concern. It was formerly described under the name *N. centralis* before being synonymized.
Neocoelidia grandiosa
Neocoelidia grandiosa is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, described by Knull in 1942. It belongs to the subfamily Neocoelidiinae, a group characterized by distinctive morphological features related to head structure. The species has been recorded from limited localities in the southwestern United States and Mexico.
Neolepolepis
Neolepolepis is a genus of scaly-winged barklice in the family Lepidopsocidae, established by Mockford in 1993. The genus contains at least four described species distributed across the Caribbean and Central America. Members of this genus are characterized by their scale-covered wings, a defining trait of the family Lepidopsocidae. These insects are part of the order Psocodea, which includes barklice, booklice, and parasitic lice.
Neopachylopus sulcifrons
clown beetle
Neopachylopus sulcifrons is a species of clown beetle in the family Histeridae. It is found in Central America and North America. The species was originally described by Mannerheim in 1843 and has been recorded from Canada (British Columbia), the United States (California, Oregon, Washington, and South Dakota), and Mexico. Some taxonomic authorities consider this species a synonym of Hypocaccus sulcifrons.
Neopsammodius quinqueplicatus
Neopsammodius quinqueplicatus is a species of aphodiine dung beetle described by Horn in 1871. It belongs to the family Scarabaeidae and is part of the Psammodiini tribe, which comprises beetles often associated with sandy habitats. The species occurs in both Nearctic and Neotropical regions.
Neorthopleura texana
Texas Brick-and-Brown Clerid
Neorthopleura texana is a species of checkered beetle in the family Cleridae. It is found in Central America and North America, with over 300 observations documented on iNaturalist. The species was first described by Bland in 1863.
Neosminthurus
Neosminthurus is a genus of globular springtails in the family Sminthuridae, first described by H.B. Mills in 1934. The genus is distributed in Central and North America and contains at least three described species: N. bakeri, N. clavatus, and N. richardsi. Members of this genus belong to the order Symphypleona, characterized by a globular body form. The genus is distinguished from related genera by specific morphological features of the antennae and body chaetotaxy.
Neotermes castaneus
Florida dampwood termite, southern damp-wood termite
Neotermes castaneus is a dampwood termite species in the family Kalotermitidae, commonly known as the Florida dampwood termite or southern damp-wood termite. It is distributed across the Caribbean Sea, Central America, North America, and South America. As a member of the Kalotermitidae family, it is a drywood-type termite that does not require contact with soil moisture, distinguishing it from subterranean termites.
Neoxenus versicolor
Tropical Coppery Fungus Weevil
Neoxenus versicolor is a species of fungus weevil described by Valentine in 1998. It belongs to the family Anthribidae, a group of weevils commonly associated with fungal associations. The species has been documented in both Central America and North America.
Nesaecrepida asphaltina
Nesaecrepida asphaltina is a flea beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, first described by Suffrian in 1868. It belongs to a genus of small leaf beetles distributed across tropical and subtropical regions. The species has been documented in the Caribbean, Central America, and North America based on collection records. Very few observations exist in community science databases.
Nicrophorus mexicanus
Mexican burying beetle
Nicrophorus mexicanus is a burying beetle in the family Silphidae, described by Matthews in 1888. The species is distributed across the southwestern United States and Central America, including Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras. As a member of the genus Nicrophorus, it exhibits the characteristic behavior of burying small vertebrate carcasses to serve as food for developing larvae.
burying-beetlecarrion-beetleSilphidaeNicrophorinaeMatthews-1888scavengervertebrate-carcassparental-caresouthwestern-United-StatesCentral-AmericaMexicoGuatemalaEl-SalvadorHondurasArizonaCaliforniaColoradoKansasNew-MexicoNevadaTexasUtahIowadecompositioncarrionNicrophorusbeetleColeopterainsectarthropodNiptus ventriculus
Niptus ventriculus is a species of spider beetle (family Ptinidae) first described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1859. It belongs to the genus Niptus, which comprises several species of small beetles associated with stored products and dry organic materials. The species has been documented in Central America and North America, though detailed biological studies remain limited.
Nisaxis caudata
ant-loving beetle
Nisaxis caudata is a species of ant-loving beetle (family Staphylinidae) first described by Schaeffer in 1905. It belongs to the subfamily Pselaphinae, a diverse group of small rove beetles often associated with ant colonies. The species has been recorded from North America (Oklahoma and Texas) and Mexico, with additional Central American distribution. Very little detailed biological information is available for this specific species.
Nomada hemphilli
Nomada hemphilli is a species of nomad bee in the family Apidae. It was described by Cockerell in 1903 and is found in Central America and North America. As a member of the genus Nomada, it is a kleptoparasitic bee that lays its eggs in the nests of host bee species. The genus is known for males exhibiting 'antennal grabbing' behavior during copulation, where antennae are wound around the female to transfer pheromones, though this specific behavior has not been directly documented for N. hemphilli.
Nomia nortoni
Norton's Alkali Bee, Norton's Nomium
Nomia nortoni is a species of sweat bee in the family Halictidae, commonly known as Norton's alkali bee or Norton's nomium. It is native to Central America and North America. The species has two recognized subspecies: N. n. cressoni and N. n. nortoni. As a member of the genus Nomia, it is related to other alkali bees that are known for their ground-nesting behavior in alkaline soils.
Nosodendron californicum
wounded-tree beetle
Nosodendron californicum is a species of wounded-tree beetle in the family Nosodendridae, first described by Horn in 1874. The species belongs to a small family of beetles associated with wounded or decaying trees. It has been documented in Central America and North America. A new host record for this species was reported in a 2021 publication in The Coleopterists' Bulletin, though specific details require access to the full text.
Notoxus calcaratus
monoceros beetle
Notoxus calcaratus is a species of monoceros beetle in the family Anthicidae. It is distributed across Central America and North America. The species was described by Horn in 1884. As a member of the genus Notoxus, it possesses the characteristic elongated rostrum with a terminal antenna that defines this group of ant-like beetles.
Notoxus conformis
monoceros beetle
Notoxus conformis is a species of monoceros beetle in the family Anthicidae. It is found in Central America and North America. The species belongs to a genus characterized by a distinctive horn-like projection on the pronotum.
Notoxus gelidus
monoceros beetle
Notoxus gelidus is a small ant-like flower beetle in the family Anthicidae, described by Chandler in 1978. The species is known from Central America and North America. Like other members of the genus Notoxus, it possesses a distinctive forward-projecting horn on the pronotum, a characteristic feature of "monoceros beetles."
Notoxus murinipennis
Mouse-winged Anthicid
Notoxus murinipennis is a species of monoceros beetle in the family Anthicidae, commonly known as the mouse-winged anthicid. The species occurs across Central America and North America. Members of the genus Notoxus are characterized by a distinctive forward-projecting horn on the pronotum, giving them their common name of monoceros beetles. This species was first described by J.E. LeConte in 1824.
Notoxus nuperus
monoceros beetle
Notoxus nuperus is a species of monoceros beetle in the family Anthicidae, first described by Horn in 1884. The species is distributed across Central America and North America. Two subspecies are recognized: Notoxus nuperus haustrus Chandler, 1978 and the nominate Notoxus nuperus nuperus Horn, 1884. Members of the genus Notoxus are commonly referred to as ant-like flower beetles due to their morphology and behavior.
Notoxus photus
Notoxus photus is a species of monoceros beetle in the family Anthicidae, described by Chandler in 1978. It is distributed across Central America and North America. The genus Notoxus is characterized by an elongated, forward-projecting horn on the pronotum, a distinctive feature among anthicid beetles.
Notoxus serratus
Serrate Ant-like Flower Beetle
Notoxus serratus is a species of monoceros beetle in the family Anthicidae, commonly known as the Serrate Ant-like Flower Beetle. The species is recognized by its distinctive elongated snout bearing a single apical horn, a defining feature of the genus Notoxus. It occurs across North America and Central America.
Oarisma edwardsii
Edwards's Skipperling
Oarisma edwardsii, known as Edwards's skipperling, is a small grass skipper butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. First described by William Barnes in 1897, this species occurs in Central and North America. It is recognized by its distinctive wing coloration and white-tipped wing fringes. The species has a wingspan of 22–29 mm, making it one of the smaller skippers in its range. Its MONA (Moth Photographers Group) or Hodges number is 4008.
Ochrimnus barberi
Ochrimnus barberi is a seed bug species in the family Lygaeidae, first described by Slater in 1964. It belongs to the subgenus Parochrimnus within the genus Ochrimnus. The species has been recorded in both Central America and North America. Available information on this species is limited, with only a small number of observations documented.
Odontolytes denominatus
Odontolytes denominatus is a small aphodiine dung beetle in the family Scarabaeidae. It is distributed across the Neotropical and southern Nearctic regions, with records from the Caribbean, Central America, and northern South America, as well as Florida in the United States. As a member of the tribe Eupariini, it is associated with decomposing organic matter.
Odontoptila obrimo
Orbed Wave
Odontoptila obrimo, known as the Orbed Wave, is the sole species in the monotypic genus Odontoptila. This geometrid moth is found from the southern United States through Central America. It belongs to the subfamily Sterrhinae, a group commonly referred to as waves due to their characteristic wing patterns.
Oebalus mexicanus
Oebalus mexicanus is a stink bug species in the family Pentatomidae, described by Sailer in 1944. The species has been documented in both Central America and North America. As a member of the genus Oebalus, it belongs to a group of pentatomid bugs commonly associated with grasses and cereal crops.
Oestrophasia signifera
Oestrophasia signifera is a species of tachinid fly in the subfamily Phasiinae. Members of this genus are parasitoids of true bugs (Hemiptera), though specific host records for this species are limited. The species has been documented across a broad geographic range in the Americas, from Canada through Central America.
Oidaematophorus eupatorii
Eupatorium Plume Moth, Joe Pye Plume Moth
Oidaematophorus eupatorii is a plume moth in the family Pterophoridae. It occurs across North America from Canada to Central America, with records from the United States, Mexico, Guatemala, and Panama. The species is associated with Eupatorium and Epilobium plants, on which its larvae feed. Adults are small moths with distinctive split wings characteristic of plume moths.
Oligostigmoides cryptalis
Oligostigmoides cryptalis is a moth in the family Crambidae, subfamily Acentropinae. It was described by Herbert Druce in 1896 based on specimens from Mexico. The species has been recorded from montane localities in Mexico (Xalapa, Orizaba), Costa Rica, and Panama. Very few observations exist, with only three records documented on iNaturalist.
Ommatospila
Ommatospila is a genus of moths in the family Crambidae, subfamily Spilomelinae. It was established by Julius Lederer in 1863 and contains three described species distributed across the Americas. The genus belongs to a diverse group of pyraloid moths commonly known as grass moths or snout moths.
Oncerotrachelus acuminatus
Oncerotrachelus acuminatus is a species of assassin bug in the family Reduviidae. It is found across the Caribbean, Central America, and North America. The species was originally described by Thomas Say in 1832 under the name Reduvius acuminatus. As a member of the subfamily Saicinae, it belongs to a group of reduviid bugs characterized by particular morphological and ecological traits, though specific details of its biology remain poorly documented in the scientific literature.
Oncocephalus nubilus
Oncocephalus nubilus is a species of assassin bug in the family Reduviidae, first described by Van Duzee in 1914. It belongs to the subfamily Stenopodainae, a group of reduviids commonly known as thread-legged or spiny assassin bugs. The species has been documented in Central America and North America, though detailed biological information remains limited.
Oncopeltus sexmaculatus
six-spotted milkweed bug
Oncopeltus sexmaculatus, commonly known as the six-spotted milkweed bug, is a seed bug in the family Lygaeidae. The species is distributed across islands in the Caribbean Sea, Central America, and North America. Like other members of the genus Oncopeltus, it is associated with milkweed plants. The specific epithet 'sexmaculatus' refers to six spots, likely describing a distinctive color pattern on the body.
Onthophagus batesi
Onthophagus batesi is a dung beetle species in the family Scarabaeidae, distributed across Central America, Mexico, and parts of the southern United States. The species belongs to a genus renowned for male horn polymorphism and complex sexual selection dynamics. Like other Onthophagus species, it is associated with mammal dung for feeding and breeding. It was described by Harold in 1867 and has also been classified under the genus Phalops.
Onthophagus hoepfneri
Onthophagus hoepfneri is a dung beetle species in the family Scarabaeidae, first described by Harold in 1869. The species occurs across parts of Mexico, Central America, and the southwestern United States. As a member of the genus Onthophagus, it is likely a tunneler-type dung beetle that buries dung for larval development, though specific behavioral and ecological details for this species remain poorly documented.
Oodinus alutaceus
Oodinus alutaceus is a ground beetle species in the family Carabidae, originally described by Henry Walter Bates in 1882. It belongs to the tribe Oodini within the subfamily Licininae. The species has a documented distribution spanning parts of North and Central America, including Mexico and the United States.
Opeia atascosa
atascosa grasshopper
Opeia atascosa is a species of slant-faced grasshopper in the family Acrididae, described by Hebard in 1937. It belongs to the subfamily Gomphocerinae and tribe Eritettigini. The species is distributed across parts of North America and Central America, with records from Arizona and broader Middle American regions. Like other members of its genus, it is characterized by a slanted facial profile typical of Gomphocerinae grasshoppers.
Oplomus mundus
Oplomus mundus is a predatory stink bug in the family Pentatomidae, first described by Stål in 1862. The species has been documented in Central America and North America based on occurrence records. As a member of the predatory stink bug genus Oplomus, it likely functions as a generalist predator, though specific prey associations remain poorly documented. Observations are sparse, with limited published biological or ecological information available.
Oplonaeschna armata
Riffle Darner
Oplonaeschna armata, commonly known as the riffle darner, is a dragonfly species in the family Aeshnidae. It occurs in Central America and North America. The species has been assessed as Least Concern by the IUCN, with a stable population and no immediate threats identified as of 2017.
Ora discoidea
marsh beetle
Ora discoidea is a species of marsh beetle in the family Scirtidae, described by Champion in 1897. It occurs in Central America and has been recorded in North America from Texas to Florida. The species belongs to a family commonly associated with moist habitats, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented.
Ora troberti
Marsh Flea Beetle
Ora troberti is a species of marsh beetle in the family Scirtidae, commonly known as the Marsh Flea Beetle. It occurs in the southeastern United States and extends south through Central America. The species belongs to a family of small beetles typically associated with moist or aquatic habitats. As with other members of Scirtidae, its biology is poorly documented in published literature.
Ortholeptura insignis
flower longhorn
Ortholeptura insignis is a species of flower longhorn beetle in the family Cerambycidae. The species is distributed across Central America and North America, including Mexico and the United States. As a member of the subfamily Lepturinae, it is associated with flowers where adults are typically found feeding on pollen.
Osmia clarescens
Osmia clarescens is a solitary mason bee in the family Megachilidae, described by Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell in 1911. The species occurs in Central America and North America. Like other members of the genus Osmia, it is a cavity-nesting bee that constructs nests in hollow stems or pre-existing holes, sealing brood chambers with mud. Specific ecological details and distinguishing characteristics remain poorly documented in the scientific literature.
Osmia subfasciata
Osmia subfasciata is a solitary mason bee in the family Megachilidae, native to Central and North America. It is one of approximately 140 Osmia species present in North America. The species belongs to a genus valued for pollination services, particularly in orchard agriculture. Two subspecies are recognized: O. s. subfasciata and O. s. miamiensis.
Osorius planifrons
unmargined rove beetle
Osorius planifrons is a rove beetle in the family Staphylinidae, subfamily Osoriinae. It belongs to a group commonly referred to as unmargined rove beetles. The species has been recorded in parts of North and Central America, with documented occurrences in the southeastern and southwestern United States and Mexico. Specific ecological and behavioral details remain limited in published sources.
Oulema concolor
Oulema concolor is a species of leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, first described by J.L. LeConte in 1884. It is distributed across Central America and North America. The genus Oulema belongs to the subfamily Criocerinae, commonly known as cereal leaf beetles and their relatives. As with many Oulema species, detailed biological information remains limited in published literature.
Oxacis cana
Oxacis cana is a species of false blister beetle in the family Oedemeridae. It was described by LeConte in 1854 and is distributed across Central America and North America. The species belongs to a genus of slender, soft-bodied beetles commonly known as false blister beetles.
Oxacis pallida
Pallid False Blister Beetle
Oxacis pallida is a species of false blister beetle in the family Oedemeridae. It occurs in Central America and North America. Members of the family Oedemeridae are commonly known as false blister beetles or false oil beetles, distinguished from true blister beetles (Meloidae) by morphological and ecological differences. The species was described by LeConte in 1854.
Oxacis trirossi
Oxacis trirossi is a species of false blister beetle in the family Oedemeridae, described by Arnett in 1964. It is distributed across Central America and North America. As a member of Oedemeridae, it belongs to a group commonly known for their soft bodies and association with flowers and vegetation.
Oxycopis howdeni
Oxycopis howdeni is a species of false blister beetle in the family Oedemeridae, first described by Arnett in 1965. The species is distributed across Central America and North America. As a member of Oedemeridae, it belongs to a family commonly known as false blister beetles or false oil beetles, though specific ecological details for this species remain limited in available literature.
Ozophora salsaverdeae
Ozophora salsaverdeae is a seed bug in the family Rhyparochromidae, described by Slater in 1988. The specific epithet refers to Salva Verde, a protected area in Costa Rica where the species was first collected. As a member of the Ozophorini tribe, it belongs to a group of dirt-colored seed bugs characterized by ground-dwelling habits and seed-feeding ecology. The species has been documented through over 270 iNaturalist observations, indicating it is not uncommon within its range.
Pachybrachis latithorax
Tamaulipan Freckled Pachy
Pachybrachis latithorax is a species of case-bearing leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It occurs in Central America and North America. The species belongs to a genus commonly known as 'scriptured leaf beetles' for their often intricate elytral patterns. Like other members of Pachybrachis, it is presumed to feed on foliage of various plants, though specific host associations remain poorly documented.
Pachybrachis lustrans
Pachybrachis lustrans is a species of case-bearing leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, first described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1880. The species is distributed across Central America and North America. As a member of the genus Pachybrachis, it belongs to a group commonly known as scriptured leaf beetles, recognized for their often ornate elytral patterns. Specific ecological details for this species remain poorly documented in published literature.
Pachybrachis marmoratus
Pachybrachis marmoratus is a species of case-bearing leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. The genus Pachybrachis comprises small, convex beetles that construct protective cases from fecal material and shed exuviae, a trait shared with other members of the subfamily Cryptocephalinae. This species occurs in both Central America and North America.
Pachybrachis nigricornis
Pachybrachis nigricornis is a species of case-bearing leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, originally described by Thomas Say in 1824 as Cryptocephalus nigricornis. The species is distributed across North America and Central America, with records from Canada (Alberta) through the United States. It belongs to a large genus of small, often colorful leaf beetles commonly known as 'scriptured leaf beetles' due to their intricate elytral patterns. Four subspecies are currently recognized.
Pachybrachis texanus
Tall Texas Pachy
Pachybrachis texanus is a species of case-bearing leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It is found in Central America and North America. The species is relatively poorly documented, with approximately 80 observations recorded on iNaturalist. It belongs to a genus of small leaf beetles known for their rounded, convex body form and often colorful or patterned elytra.
Pachygrontha compacta
Pachygrontha compacta is a true bug species in the family Pachygronthidae, first described by Distant in 1893. It is a seed bug with a broad distribution across the Neotropical and Nearctic regions, recorded from the southern United States through Central America and the Caribbean to South America. The species belongs to a family of lygaeoid bugs characterized by their elongate body form and seed-feeding habits. Like other members of Pachygronthidae, it is presumed to feed on seeds of grasses or other monocot plants, though specific host records remain limited.
Paracloeodes minutus
small minnow mayfly
Paracloeodes minutus is a small minnow mayfly in the family Baetidae. It is found in Central America and North America, including southeastern Canada, northern Mexico, and the continental United States. The species was described by Daggy in 1945.
Paradamoetas
Paradamoetas is a genus of jumping spiders (Salticidae) first described by George and Elizabeth Peckham in 1885. The genus name derives from Greek 'para' (alongside) combined with the related genus Damoetas. It contains four species distributed across North and Central America, from Canada to Panama. The type species, P. formicinus, was described in the same paper as the genus.
Parallaxis guzmani
Parallaxis guzmani is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. It was described by Baker in 1903 and is known from Central America. The genus Parallaxis belongs to the tribe Dikraneurini, a group of small, often colorful leafhoppers.
Paranapiacaba connexa
Twin-Shield Leaf Beetle
Paranapiacaba connexa is a species of skeletonizing leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It is distributed across Central America and North America. The common name "Twin-Shield Leaf Beetle" refers to its distinctive elytral pattern. Like other members of its family, it is herbivorous and feeds on plant foliage.
Paranthidium jugatorium
Sunflower Burrowing-Resin bee
Paranthidium jugatorium is a resin bee in the family Megachilidae, commonly known as the Sunflower Burrowing-Resin bee. It is native to North and Central America, with records spanning from the southwestern United States through Mexico. The species belongs to the tribe Anthidiini, a group known for constructing nests using plant resins and other materials. Four subspecies are recognized, differing in geographic distribution and minor morphological traits.
Paraphrynus
whip spider, tailless whip scorpion
Paraphrynus is a genus of whip spiders (order Amblypygi) in the family Phrynidae, distributed from the southwestern United States through Central America and the Caribbean. Most species are endemic to Mexico. These nocturnal arachnids are characterized by extraordinarily long, sensory front legs (antenniform legs) used for navigation and prey detection, and spiny pedipalps for capturing prey. Research has demonstrated remarkable homing abilities in some species, with individuals navigating back to refuges from distances exceeding 10 meters using primarily olfactory cues detected by their antenniform legs rather than vision.
Paratyndaris acaciae
Paratyndaris acaciae is a species of metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae. It belongs to the subgenus Paratyndaris (Paratyndaris) within the genus Paratyndaris. The species is found in Central America and North America, with the specific epithet suggesting an association with Acacia host plants. Like other members of the genus, it is associated with woody leguminous plants and is typically collected by beating dead or dying branches.
Paratyndaris albofasciata
Paratyndaris albofasciata is a metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, first described by Knull in 1937. It belongs to the subgenus Paratyndaris (Paratyndaris) within the genus Paratyndaris. The species is known from Central America and North America, though specific biological details remain poorly documented in the accessible literature.
Paratyndaris cincta
Paratyndaris cincta is a species of metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae. It belongs to the subgenus Paratyndaris (Paratyndaris), one of three subgenera recognized in the genus Paratyndaris. The species was described by Horn in 1885. It is distributed across Central America and North America.
Paratyndaris knulli
Paratyndaris knulli is a small metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, placed in the subgenus Waltersia. It was originally described by Barr in 1972 and occurs in Central America and North America. The genus Paratyndaris is a largely southwestern and Mexican group of jewel beetles, with P. knulli being one of four species in its subgenus. Like other members of the genus, it is associated with dead woody vegetation.
Paratyndaris olneyae
Paratyndaris olneyae is a metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, originally described as Tyndaris olneyae by Skinner in 1903. It is classified in the subgenus Paratyndaris (Paratyndaris) within the genus Paratyndaris, a predominantly southwestern North American and Mexican group. The species occurs in Central America and North America, though specific details about its biology and host associations remain poorly documented in the available literature.
Paria quadriguttata
Willow Paria, willow parium
Paria quadriguttata is a leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, commonly known as the willow parium. The species occurs in Central and North America. As a member of the genus Paria, it is associated with willow hosts (Salix spp.), though specific ecological details remain poorly documented in available sources.
Paromalus durangoensis
clown beetle
Paromalus durangoensis is a species of clown beetle in the family Histeridae. It is known from Mexico and Central America. Like other histerid beetles, it likely inhabits decomposing organic matter, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented.
Paropomala virgata
virgata toothpick grasshopper
Paropomala virgata, the virgata toothpick grasshopper, is a species of slant-faced grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in Central America and North America. The species was described by Scudder in 1899. Very little species-specific biological information is documented in available sources.
Parthenicus ruber
Parthenicus ruber is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Van Duzee in 1917. The species is distributed across Central America and North America, with specific records from California, USA. As a member of the Miridae, it belongs to one of the largest families of true bugs, commonly known as plant bugs or leaf bugs.
Pediodectes grandis
grand shieldback
Pediodectes grandis, commonly known as the grand shieldback, is a species of shield-backed katydid in the family Tettigoniidae. The species was first described by Rehn in 1904 under the basionym Stipator grandis. It is distributed across parts of Central America and North America, with records from northeastern Mexico and Texas. Like other members of the genus Pediodectes, adults are wingless, which can complicate distinguishing adults from nymphs. The species is part of a genus where identification from photographs alone is challenging due to variable color patterns that change with individual age and condition.
Pentacora ligata
shore bug
Pentacora ligata is a species of shore bug in the family Saldidae, first described by Thomas Say in 1832. The species occurs in wetland and shoreline habitats across Central America and North America. As a member of the shore bug family, it is associated with moist, marginal environments.
Perdita bicuspidariae
Perdita bicuspidariae is a small solitary bee in the family Andrenidae, described by Timberlake in 1962. It belongs to the large genus Perdita, which comprises over 800 species of mining bees in North America. The species is found in Central America and North America. As with other members of its genus, it is presumed to be a ground-nesting solitary bee, though specific biological details remain poorly documented.
Perdita coreopsidis
Coreopsis Fairy Bee, tickseed perdita
Perdita coreopsidis is a small solitary mining bee in the family Andrenidae, commonly known as the Coreopsis Fairy Bee or tickseed perdita. The species was described by Cockerell in 1906 and belongs to the large genus Perdita, which contains hundreds of North American species. Four subspecies are recognized, indicating geographic variation across its range. The specific epithet "coreopsidis" suggests a likely association with Coreopsis (tickseed) plants, though this relationship requires confirmation.
Perdita larreae
Perdita larreae is a species of mining bee in the family Andrenidae, described by Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell in 1896. It belongs to the genus Perdita, which comprises small, often brightly colored solitary bees commonly known as fairy bees or yellow-faced bees. The species is distributed across Central America and North America. As with other members of the genus, it is presumed to be a solitary ground-nesting bee, though specific biological details remain poorly documented.
Perdita marcialis
Perdita marcialis is a species of mining bee in the family Andrenidae, first described by Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell in 1896. The genus Perdita comprises small, solitary bees, with P. marcialis being among the more diminutive members. The species is documented from Central America and North America. As with other Perdita species, it is likely a ground-nesting solitary bee, though specific biological details remain poorly documented.
Pericompsus ephippiatus
Pericompsus ephippiatus is a ground beetle in the family Carabidae, first described by Thomas Say in 1830. The species is distributed across North and Central America, with records from the United States, Mexico, and Guatemala. As a member of the Harpalinae subfamily, it belongs to a diverse group of predominantly ground-dwelling beetles. Published observations of this species remain limited.
Perigenes constrictus
Perigenes constrictus is a species of seed bug in the family Rhyparochromidae, commonly referred to as a dirt-colored seed bug. It occurs across North America and Central America. The species was described by Thomas Say in 1831. Like other members of its family, it is likely associated with ground-level habitats and seed-feeding ecology, though specific biological details remain poorly documented in published sources.
Perillus confluens
Perillus confluens is a species of predatory stink bug in the family Pentatomidae. It is found in Central America and North America. As a member of the genus Perillus, it is a predaceous true bug that actively hunts and kills prey using toxic venom and digestive enzymes.
Perillus splendidus
Perillus splendidus is a species of predatory stink bug in the family Pentatomidae. It is native to North America and Central America. As a member of the genus Perillus, it shares the predatory habits characteristic of this group, though specific prey records for this species remain limited in the available literature.
Peripsocus madidus
stout barklouse
Peripsocus madidus is a species of stout barklouse described by Hagen in 1861. It is a member of the family Peripsocidae, a group of free-living psocids commonly found on bark and foliage. The species has been documented across North America and Central America. Like other peripsocids, it is likely associated with lichen and algal growth on tree surfaces.
Perithemis domitia
slough amberwing
Perithemis domitia, commonly known as the slough amberwing, is a small skimmer dragonfly in the family Libellulidae. It is distributed across a broad geographic range including the Caribbean, Central America, North America, and South America. The species is listed as Least Concern by the IUCN with a stable population.
Phaenops californica
California Flat-Headed Borer
Phaenops californica is a metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, commonly known as the California flat-headed borer. The species was described by Van Dyke in 1918. It is found in Central America and North America, with distribution records including British Columbia, Canada. As a member of the genus Phaenops, it belongs to a group of jewel beetles associated with coniferous hosts.
Phelister affinis
Phelister affinis is a species of clown beetle in the family Histeridae, described by John E. LeConte in 1860. The species is distributed across the southern United States and Central America. As a member of the Histeridae, it belongs to a group of beetles known for their association with decaying organic matter and association with other insects. Specific ecological details for this species remain poorly documented in available literature.
Phelister brevistriatus
clown beetle
Phelister brevistriatus is a species of clown beetle (family Histeridae) described by Casey in 1916. It belongs to the tribe Exosternini within the subfamily Histerinae. The species is known from both North America and Central America, with records from the southwestern United States through Mexico to El Salvador.
Phengodes mexicana
glowworm beetle
Phengodes mexicana is a species of glowworm beetle in the family Phengodidae. The species was described by Wittmer in 1976. It occurs in Central America and North America. Members of the genus Phengodes are notable for their bioluminescent larvae and adult females, which are wingless and resemble larvae in appearance.
bioluminescentwingless-femalelarviform-femaleglowworm-beetlePhengodidaeElateriformiaPolyphagaColeopteraInsectaArthropodaAnimaliaCentral-AmericaNorth-AmericaWittmer-1976PhengodesPhengodes-mexicanaspeciesglowwormbeetleinsectarthropodanimalbioluminescencelarviformwinglessfemalelarvalarvaeadultmaledistributionrangegeographic-rangegeographic-distributionMiddle-AmericaAmericaAmericasWittmer1976descriptiontaxonomyclassificationmexicanaPhilaronia abjecta
Philaronia abjecta is a spittlebug species in the family Aphrophoridae, first described by Uhler in 1876. It is distributed across parts of North America and has been recorded as far north as Alaska and Alberta. The species belongs to a genus of relatively small, inconspicuous spittlebugs.
Phileurus truncatus
Triceratops Beetle
Phileurus truncatus, commonly known as the Triceratops Beetle, is a large scarab beetle in the family Scarabaeidae. The species is named for its distinctive horn-like projections on the head and pronotum, which resemble the horns of a triceratops dinosaur. It occurs across the southern United States and extends south through Mexico into Central America. Adults are nocturnal and frequently attracted to ultraviolet and mercury-vapor lights.
Philophuga
Philophuga is a genus of ground beetles in the family Carabidae, established by Motschulsky in 1859. The genus contains approximately five described species distributed in the Americas, including Philophuga viridis and Philophuga amoena. Members belong to the subfamily Lebiinae, tribe Lebiini. Species are primarily documented from North and Central America.
Philophuga caerulea
Philophuga caerulea is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae, first described by Casey in 1913. It occurs in Central America and North America, with records from Mexico and the United States. As a member of the subfamily Lebiinae, it belongs to a diverse group of often small, active predatory beetles. Specific ecological details and morphological traits for this species remain poorly documented in available sources.
Philotarsus
loving barklice
Philotarsus is a genus of barklice in the family Philotarsidae, containing approximately 18 described species. These insects are commonly known as 'loving barklice,' a name shared with related genera in the family. The genus was established by Kolbe in 1880 and is distributed across parts of North and Central America.
Phloeoxena signata
Phloeoxena signata is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae. Records indicate this species occurs in Central America and parts of North America, with confirmed observations from Mexico through Panama. As a member of Carabidae, it likely exhibits typical ground beetle characteristics including predatory habits and terrestrial lifestyle, though specific behavioral details remain poorly documented.
Phocides belus
Belus skipper, beautiful beamer
Phocides belus, commonly known as the Belus skipper or beautiful beamer, is a skipper butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It ranges from Mexico through Central America to Costa Rica, with occasional strays reaching southern Texas. The species is recognized by its distinctive powder-blue wing coloration.
Phodaga marmorata
Phodaga marmorata is a species of blister beetle in the family Meloidae, tribe Eupomphini. The species is characterized by its marbled or mottled coloration, as indicated by its specific epithet. It occurs in both Central and North America. Like other members of Meloidae, it possesses chemical defenses including cantharidin, a toxic compound that provides protection against predators.
Phorticus collaris
collared nabid, yellow-collared nabid
Phorticus collaris is a species of damsel bug in the family Nabidae, commonly known as the collared nabid or yellow-collared nabid. It was first described by Stål in 1873. The species has been documented across Central America and North America, with recent first records from Costa Rica, Guatemala, Nicaragua, and Panama extending its known distribution range. Like other nabid bugs, it is a predatory true bug.
Phostria oajacalis
Phostria oajacalis is a moth species in the family Crambidae, first described by Francis Walker in 1865. It is currently treated as a synonym of Phostria tedea. The species is recorded from Central America and the southern United States.
Phylloicus aeneus
Phylloicus aeneus is a caddisfly species in the family Calamoceratidae, first described by Hagen in 1861. It is known from Central America and is part of a genus of caddisflies whose larvae construct distinctive leaf-case shelters. The species belongs to an order of aquatic insects with high ecological importance in freshwater ecosystems.
Phyllophaga crinita
Phyllophaga crinita is a species of scarab beetle in the family Scarabaeidae, native to Central America. As a member of the genus Phyllophaga (commonly called May beetles or June beetles), its larvae are white grubs that develop in soil. The species was described by Burmeister in 1855.
Phyllophaga ephilida
Phyllophaga ephilida is a species of scarab beetle in the family Scarabaeidae. It occurs in Central America and North America, with two recognized subspecies: P. ephilida ephilida and P. ephilida virilis. As a member of the genus Phyllophaga (May beetles), it belongs to a highly speciose group of scarabs whose larvae are root-feeding white grubs.
Phyllophaga ignava
May beetle, June beetle
Phyllophaga ignava is a species of scarab beetle in the family Scarabaeidae. It is found in Central America and North America. As a member of the genus Phyllophaga, commonly known as May beetles or June beetles, it shares the typical characteristics of the group including nocturnal adults and root-feeding larvae.
Phyllophaga inversa
May beetle
Phyllophaga inversa is a scarab beetle species in the family Scarabaeidae, originally described as Lachnosterna inversa by Horn in 1887. It belongs to the genus Phyllophaga, commonly known as May beetles or June beetles, which are characterized by subterranean larval stages that feed on plant roots. The species occurs in both Central America and North America, with documented records from the United States and Canada.
Phyllophaga lenis
Phyllophaga lenis is a species of scarab beetle in the family Scarabaeidae. It is currently treated as a synonym of Trichesthes lenis in some taxonomic databases. The species is distributed across the southwestern United States and Mexico, extending into Central America. Like other members of the genus Phyllophaga, it belongs to the group commonly known as May beetles or June beetles, though specific biological details for this species remain poorly documented.
Phymata americana
Jagged Ambush Bug, Ambush Bug
Phymata americana is a predatory true bug in the family Reduviidae, commonly known as the jagged ambush bug. It is native to North and Central America, where it hunts on flowers using a sit-and-wait strategy. The species exhibits sexual dimorphism in body size and weapon morphology, with females typically larger than males and possessing disproportionately longer raptorial forelegs. Color polymorphism occurs, with individuals showing variation in body coloration that appears to influence flower color preference for camouflage.
Phymata fasciata
ambush bug
Phymata fasciata is a species of ambush bug in the family Reduviidae, characterized by its raptorial forelegs adapted for capturing prey. The species occurs across Central America and North America, with four recognized subspecies showing geographic variation. As a member of the Phymatinae, it employs sit-and-wait predation tactics typical of ambush bugs, though specific behavioral and ecological studies for this species remain limited.
Physemus minutus
minute marsh-loving beetle
Physemus minutus is a minute marsh-loving beetle in the family Limnichidae, first described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1854. This small beetle is known from limited records across Central America and North America. Like other members of the Limnichidae family, it is associated with wetland and marsh habitats. The species is rarely encountered and poorly documented in scientific literature.
Piesocorynus lateralis
fungus weevil
Piesocorynus lateralis is a species of fungus weevil in the beetle family Anthribidae, first described by Jordan in 1906. The species is known from Central America and North America. Like other members of the genus Piesocorynus, it is associated with fungal environments, though specific ecological details remain limited. The Anthribidae family is commonly referred to as fungus weevils due to their frequent association with fungi, distinguishing them from the more diverse true weevils (Curculionidae).
Piezocera monochroa
Piezocera monochroa is a species of longhorn beetle (family Cerambycidae) described by Henry Walter Bates in 1885. It belongs to the tribe Piezocerini within the subfamily Cerambycinae. The species is known from limited records in Central America, with distribution confirmed in Costa Rica, Guatemala, and Honduras.
Pilophorus crassipes
Pilophorus crassipes is a plant bug species in the family Miridae, described by Heidemann in 1892. It occurs in eastern North America and Central America. The genus Pilophorus includes species known for ant-mimicking appearance, though specific traits for P. crassipes are not well documented in available sources.
Piruna haferniki
Chisos Skipperling
Piruna haferniki, known as the Chisos Skipperling, is a species of intermediate skipper butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It was described by Freeman in 1970. The species is found in Central America and North America, with its common name referencing the Chisos Mountains region in Texas.
Pisonopsis birkmanni
square-headed wasp
Pisonopsis birkmanni is a species of square-headed wasp in the family Crabronidae. It was described by Rohwer in 1909. The species occurs in Central America and North America. Like other members of Trypoxylini, it is a solitary wasp. Observations of this species are sparse, with limited ecological data available.
Pissonotus muiri
Pissonotus muiri is a species of planthopper in the family Delphacidae, described by Metcalf in 1943. It is one of several planthopper species with the specific epithet "muiri," named in honor of Frederick Muir, a prominent early 20th-century entomologist who conducted extensive fieldwork in the Pacific region. The species is recorded from Florida and parts of Middle America including Belize. Like other delphacid planthoppers, it belongs to a group of insects commonly associated with grasses and sedges, though specific biological details for this species remain poorly documented.
Plateros coccinicollis
Plateros coccinicollis is a species of net-winged beetle described by Fall in 1910. It belongs to the family Lycidae, a group characterized by soft, flexible elytra with distinctive net-like venation patterns. The species has been recorded in both Central America and North America.
Platycryptus
Tan Jumping Spider
Platycryptus is a genus of jumping spiders (Salticidae) described by D. E. Hill in 1979. The name derives from Greek 'platy' (flat) and 'crypt' (hidden), referring to their flattened bodies and habit of hiding in crevices. These spiders are characterized by cryptic gray and brown coloration with hairy bodies. They are active hunters found on tree bark and wooden structures, with four recognized species distributed across North America, Central America, and Brazil.
Platynus cazieri
Platynus cazieri is a ground beetle species in the family Carabidae, first described by Liebherr and Will in 1996. The species is currently treated as a synonym of Dyscolus cazieri in some taxonomic databases, reflecting ongoing classification revisions within the Platynini tribe. It occurs in Central America and North America, with confirmed records from the United States.
Platystethus americanus
spiny-legged rove beetle
Platystethus americanus is a species of rove beetle in the family Staphylinidae, subfamily Oxytelinae. It is characterized by spiny legs, a trait common to members of its genus. The species has a broad geographic distribution spanning North America, Central America, and Oceania, with documented records from Canada, the United States, Mexico, Hawaii, and Japan. New distributional records have been reported, indicating ongoing range documentation.
Pleuropasta mirabilis
Pleuropasta mirabilis is a blister beetle in the family Meloidae, first described by Horn in 1870. The species belongs to the tribe Eupomphini, a group of meloid beetles characterized by aposematic coloration and chemical defenses. It occurs in both Central America and North America. The genus Pleuropasta contains at least two recognized species, with P. mirabilis being the more widespread and well-collected of the two.
Pnirontis infirma
Pnirontis infirma is a species of assassin bug in the family Reduviidae, first described by Stål in 1859. It has a broad geographic distribution spanning the Caribbean, Central America, North America, and South America. As a member of the subfamily Stenopodainae, it belongs to a group of reduviids commonly known as feather-legged bugs.
Poanes
Poanes is a genus of skipper butterflies in the family Hesperiidae, erected by Samuel Hubbard Scudder in 1872. The genus is distributed throughout North and Central America. In 2019, several species were transferred to the new genus Lon, reducing Poanes to six recognized species. The genus is characterized by larvae that feed on grasses and sedges.
Pocadius helvolus
hairy puffball beetle
Pocadius helvolus, commonly known as the hairy puffball beetle, is a species of sap-feeding beetle in the family Nitidulidae. The species was described by Erichson in 1843. It is found in Central America and North America, with records from British Columbia, Canada. The common name suggests a hairy appearance, though specific morphological details are limited in available sources.
Podolasia stillwellorum
Podolasia stillwellorum is a species of scarab beetle in the family Scarabaeidae, described by Howden in 1997. It belongs to the subfamily Podolasiinae, a small group within the scarab beetles. The species is known from limited records in Central America and Texas.
Poecilonota bridwelli
Poecilonota bridwelli is a metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae. The species was described by Van Dyke in 1918 and occurs in Central America and North America. It belongs to a genus whose members are primarily associated with Salicaceae (poplars and willows).
Poecilus chalcites
Poecilus chalcites is a predaceous ground beetle in the family Carabidae, commonly found in agricultural systems and croplands across North America, Central America, and the Caribbean. The species is recognized for its role as a biological control agent, feeding on multiple crop pests including corn rootworm, corn earworm, and cutworm species. Sexual dimorphism in foretarsus shape allows straightforward sex identification: males possess a heart-shaped proximal foretarsus, while females have a thinner structure. Laboratory rearing studies have established protocols for maintaining colonies, though laboratory-reared adults typically fail to reproduce.
Pogonodaptus
Pogonodaptus is a genus of ground beetles in the family Carabidae, tribe Stenolophini. The genus was established by G. Horn in 1881 and contains two described species: Pogonodaptus mexicanus (Bates, 1878) and Pogonodaptus rostratus Darlington, 1935. Members of this genus occur in the Neotropical region.
Pogonodaptus mexicanus
Pogonodaptus mexicanus is a ground beetle species in the family Carabidae, first described by Bates in 1878. It is distributed across Central America and North America. As a member of the tribe Stenolophini, it belongs to a group of small to medium-sized carabid beetles often associated with open, disturbed habitats. The genus Pogonodaptus is not well-documented in published literature, and specific biological details for this species remain limited.
Polistes major major
horse's wasp
Polistes major major is a neotropical eusocial paper wasp subspecies most commonly found on Hispaniola Island and within Central America. It is known locally as "avispa de caballo" (horse's wasp) in the Dominican Republic. As a member of the genus Polistes, it is a social wasp that constructs exposed paper nests and lives in colonies with a reproductive hierarchy.
Polycesta aruensis
Desert-dwelling Polycesta
Polycesta aruensis is a species of metallic wood-boring beetle (family Buprestidae) in the subfamily Polycestinae. It is found in desert regions of southwestern North America and Central America. Adults have been observed on flowers and associated with partially dead trees, where they likely develop as larvae in the wood. The species exhibits synchronized emergence events that can produce temporary aggregations of adults.
Polymerus basalis
red-spotted aster mirid
Polymerus basalis is a plant bug in the family Miridae, commonly known as the red-spotted aster mirid. The species occurs across Central America and North America, with records from the United States (including Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas, and West Virginia), Mexico, and Brazil. It inhabits agricultural fields and adjacent habitats, particularly in the Delta region of the lower Mississippi River valley. Two subspecies are recognized: Polymerus basalis basalis and Polymerus basalis fuscatus.
Polymerus testaceipes
Polymerus testaceipes is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. It has been documented across a broad geographic range spanning the Caribbean, Central America, North America, and South America. The species was first described by Stål in 1860. Available records indicate presence in countries including Argentina, Brazil, Cuba, Jamaica, Peru, Ecuador, Venezuela, Puerto Rico, Surinam, and the United States (Florida), with 51 observations recorded on iNaturalist.
Polypsocus corruptus
Corrupt Barklouse
Polypsocus corruptus is a species of barklouse in the family Amphipsocidae, commonly known as the Corrupt Barklouse. It is one of the most frequently observed barklice in North America, with over 2,300 documented records. The species belongs to the group of 'hairy-winged barklice,' characterized by setose wing surfaces. It occurs across a broad geographic range spanning temperate and subtropical regions of North and Central America.
Portentomorpha
Portentomorpha is a monotypic genus of crambid moths established by Hans Georg Amsel in 1956. The genus contains a single species, Portentomorpha xanthialis, and serves as the type genus for the tribe Portentomorphini. The genus is distributed across the southeastern United States, Caribbean islands, and tropical regions of Central and South America.
Proba distanti
plant bug
Proba distanti is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Atkinson in 1890. It occurs in Central America and North America, with confirmed records from Cuba, Mexico, and Guatemala. As a member of the large and diverse family Miridae, it belongs to one of the most species-rich families of true bugs. The species is documented in entomological collections and has been reported in biodiversity databases, though detailed biological information remains limited.
Proba sallei
Proba sallei is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. It is distributed across the Neotropical region, with records from Mexico through Central America to South America, including Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. The species was originally described by Carl Stål in 1862 under the name Dagbertus sallei. As a member of the large and diverse family Miridae, it belongs to one of the most species-rich families of true bugs, though specific biological details for this particular species remain poorly documented in available literature.
Procambarus
crayfish, crawfish, crawdad
Procambarus is a genus of freshwater crayfish in the family Cambaridae, native to North and Central America. The genus contains approximately 160 species in 16 subgenera, making it one of the most species-rich crayfish genera. It includes both widespread surface-dwelling species and numerous troglobitic (cave-dwelling) species. The marbled crayfish (marmorkrebs), a parthenogenetic form, is also classified within this genus. Several species, particularly P. clarkii (red swamp crayfish), have been introduced globally and are recognized as invasive species with significant ecological and economic impacts.
Prolimacodes
skiff moth
Prolimacodes is a genus of slug caterpillar moths in the family Limacodidae, established by William Schaus in 1896. The genus contains at least seven described species distributed across North and Central America. Caterpillars in this genus are commonly referred to as "slug caterpillars" due to their distinctive reduced-leg locomotion. Adults are attracted to ultraviolet light sources and are documented in citizen science observations.
Pronotacantha annulata
Pronotacantha annulata is a species of stilt bug in the family Berytidae, first described by Uhler in 1893. It is found in Central America and North America, with documented occurrences in the southwestern United States (Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, Utah) and northern Mexico (Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Durango, Sonora). As a member of the Berytidae, it possesses the characteristic elongated legs and slender body form typical of stilt bugs.
Prosapia simulans
Prosapia simulans is a spittlebug species (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) native to Central America that was first detected in Colombia in 1999, where it has since become an economic pest of cultivated graminoids. The species has a hemimetabolous life cycle with five nymphal instars and exhibits a notably long life cycle of approximately 72 days compared to other spittlebug species in the region. Females preferentially oviposit on plant stems rather than soil, distinguishing it ecologically from congeners. Eggs can enter diapause, with field-collected eggs showing nearly 70% diapause incidence during dry season months. The species currently has a restricted distribution within Colombia's Cauca Valley but poses ongoing agricultural concern.
Prostephanus apax
horned powder-post beetle
Prostephanus apax is a species of horned powder-post beetle in the family Bostrichidae, first described by Lesne in 1930. It belongs to the same genus as the economically significant larger grain borer (Prostephanus truncatus), but is considerably less studied. The species is native to Central America and North America. Unlike its congener P. truncatus, P. apax has not been documented as a major pest of stored products.
Prostephanus truncatus
Larger Grain Borer, Greater Grain Borer
Prostephanus truncatus, commonly known as the larger grain borer or greater grain borer, is a highly destructive beetle in the family Bostrichidae. Native to Mexico and Central America where it evolved as a wood-boring insect, it adapted to become a major pest of stored maize. The species was accidentally introduced to Tanzania, Africa in the late 1970s and subsequently spread throughout sub-Saharan Africa, where it additionally adapted to cassava as an alternate host. Populations can destroy up to 40% of stored maize in three months and cause estimated losses of 52-74% of stored cassava. Climate modeling indicates potential for further range expansion into the southern United States, South America, and tropical Asia.
Proteides mercurius mercurius
Mercurial Skipper
Proteides mercurius mercurius is a subspecies of skipper butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It is part of the widespread Mercurial Skipper complex, which occurs across the Americas from the southern United States through the Caribbean and into South America. The nominate subspecies is distinguished by its distribution and subtle morphological differences from other subspecies. It is a medium-sized skipper with rapid, darting flight characteristic of the family.
Protoneura cara
orange-striped threadtail
Protoneura cara is a species of narrow-winged damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae, commonly known as the orange-striped threadtail. It occurs in Central America and North America, with records from Oaxaca and broader regions of Middle America. The IUCN assessed the species as Least Concern in 2017, with a stable population and no immediate threats to its survival.
Protosmia rubifloris
Prong-faced Slender-Mason
Protosmia rubifloris is a small mason bee in the family Megachilidae, commonly known as the Prong-faced Slender-Mason. It belongs to the genus Protosmia, a group of slender-bodied bees that construct nests using mud or plant resins. The species occurs across Central and North America. As with other megachilids, females carry pollen on the underside of the abdomen rather than on the legs.
Psara obscuralis
obscure psara moth
Psara obscuralis, the obscure psara moth, is a small crambid moth with a wingspan of approximately 23 mm. It occurs across the southeastern and central United States, with its range extending south through Mexico to Costa Rica. Adults are active from May through September. The larvae feed on two specific host plants: Petiveria alliacea (guinea hen weed) and Phytolacca americana (pokeweed).
Pselliopus zebra
Zebra assassin bug
Pselliopus zebra is a species of assassin bug in the family Reduviidae, characterized by its distinctive black and white striped coloration reminiscent of a zebra pattern. This predatory true bug inhabits regions of Central America and North America, where it hunts small arthropod prey. Like other members of the genus Pselliopus, it possesses raptorial forelegs adapted for capturing prey and a piercing-sucking proboscis used to subdue and consume victims.
Pseneo punctatus
aphid wasp
Pseneo punctatus is a species of aphid wasp in the family Crabronidae, subfamily Pemphredoninae. It was first described by W. Fox in 1898. The species is known from Central America and North America. Three subspecies are recognized: P. p. carolina, P. p. ferrugineus, and P. p. punctatus. As a member of the Psenini tribe, it is presumed to be a predator of aphids, though specific prey records for this species are not documented in the available sources.
Pseudaptinus tenuicollis
Pseudaptinus tenuicollis is a ground beetle species described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1851. It belongs to the tribe Harpalini within the large family Carabidae. The species is distributed across parts of North and Central America, with records from the United States and Mexico. Very few observations exist in public databases, suggesting it may be uncommon or underreported.
Pseudips
Pseudips is a genus of bark beetles in the family Curculionidae, subfamily Scolytinae. The genus includes species native to western North America and Central America that primarily attack pine trees (Pinus species). The best-documented species, Pseudips mexicanus, is a secondary bark beetle that colonizes stressed or weakened pine hosts. Research on this species in British Columbia has documented its polygynous mating system and univoltine life cycle in northern populations.
Pseudomops septentrionalis
pale-bordered field cockroach, firefly roach
Pseudomops septentrionalis is a small field-dwelling cockroach native to North and Central America. It is commonly known as the pale-bordered field cockroach or firefly roach. Unlike many cockroach species associated with human structures, this species inhabits outdoor environments. It has been documented as a host for the endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia, which may provide nutritional benefits.
Pseudopachybrachius basalis
Pale-spotted Seed Bug
Pseudopachybrachius basalis is a species of dirt-colored seed bug in the family Rhyparochromidae. It is commonly known as the Pale-spotted Seed Bug. The species has been documented across a broad geographic range spanning North America, Central America, and the Caribbean.
Pseudopamera nitidula
dirt-colored seed bug
Pseudopamera nitidula is a species of dirt-colored seed bug in the family Rhyparochromidae, first described by Uhler in 1893. It is found in Central America and North America, including the United States and Mexico. The species is part of the Myodochini tribe within the subfamily Rhyparochrominae.
Pseudopanurgus atricornis
Pseudopanurgus atricornis is a species of mining bee in the family Andrenidae. It was first described by Cresson in 1878. The species is distributed across Central America and North America. As a member of the genus Pseudopanurgus, it belongs to a group of small to medium-sized bees that nest in the ground.
Pseudopsallus puberus
Pseudopsallus puberus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. It was described by Uhler in 1894. The species is distributed across western North America and parts of Central America.
Pseudozonitis vaurieae
Pseudozonitis vaurieae is a species of blister beetle in the family Meloidae, first described by Enns in 1956. It is distributed across Central America and North America. As a member of the Nemognathinae subfamily, it possesses the characteristic elongated maxillary mouthparts adapted for feeding on flower nectar. The species is part of a genus that was revised by Enns in 1956, who proposed the genus Pseudozonitis to accommodate species previously placed in related genera.
Psylliodes convexior
hop flea beetle
Psylliodes convexior, commonly known as the hop flea beetle, is a species of flea beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It is native to North America and Central America. The species belongs to a genus known for flea-like jumping behavior and association with host plants. Specific ecological details for this species remain limited in published sources.
Ptiloglossa mexicana
Mexican feather-tongue
Ptiloglossa mexicana is a nocturnal bee species in the family Colletidae, commonly known as the Mexican feather-tongue. It is found from Central America north to Texas, USA. As a member of the genus Ptiloglossa, it belongs to a group of bees characterized by their distinctive feathery glossae (tongue structures) adapted for nectar collection. The species is part of the diverse and ecologically important community of native bees that contribute to pollination in its range.
Ptomaphagus cavernicola
small carrion beetle
Ptomaphagus cavernicola is a small carrion beetle in the family Leiodidae, first described by Schwarz in 1898. The species is found in Central America and North America, with distribution records from the United States (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Indiana, Missouri, South Carolina, Texas) and Mexico. It belongs to the subgenus Adelops within Ptomaphagus.
Pyrausta aurea
Pyrausta aurea is a small crambid moth described by Butler in 1875. Adults are bright orange with distinctive wing markings and show sexual dimorphism in size. The species occurs from the southwestern United States through Central America. Adults are active during summer months.
Pyropyga minuta
Flower Elf
Pyropyga minuta is a tiny, day-active firefly species commonly known as the flower elf. Adults measure 3–7 mm and are solid black with a distinctive pale yellow pronotum marked by a dark central bar flanked by red. Unlike most fireflies, adults lack functional bioluminescent lanterns and do not flash; instead, they are believed to use pheromones for mate location. The species is widespread across North and Central America.
Pyrota fasciata
Pyrota fasciata is a blister beetle in the family Meloidae, described by Selander in 1963. Adults measure 10–21 mm in length, with most specimens below 15 mm. The species is distinguished from congeners by its uniform background shell coloration, contrasting with the two-toned background of Pyrota punctata. It occurs in Central America and North America, with 158 iNaturalist observations documented.
Pyrota mylabrina
Pyrota mylabrina is a blister beetle in the family Meloidae, distributed across Central America and North America. The species was described by Chevrolat in 1834. Like other members of the genus Pyrota, it is characterized by aposematic coloration, typically featuring orange or yellow and black patterns that serve as warning signals for its chemical defenses. The genus is known for pronounced sexual size dimorphism in some species, with males often considerably smaller than females.
Pyrota plagiata
Pyrota plagiata is a blister beetle in the family Meloidae, tribe Pyrotini. The species was described by Haag-Rutenberg in 1880. It occurs in Central America and North America. Like other Pyrota species, it likely exhibits aposematic coloration typical of the genus. Museum records indicate substantial specimen holdings (106 specimens at the Entomology Research Museum, UC Riverside), suggesting it is not uncommon within its range.
Pyrrharctia
woolly bear moth
Pyrrharctia is a genus of tiger moths in the family Erebidae, described by Packard in 1864. The genus contains two described species found in North and Central America. The best-known species, Pyrrharctia isabella, produces the familiar banded woolly bear caterpillar, widely recognized for its black and orange banded appearance and cultural association with winter weather prediction. The genus is notable for the freeze-tolerance adaptations of its larvae, which overwinter as caterpillars using cryoprotectant compounds to survive subfreezing temperatures.
Rachiplusia ou
Gray Looper Moth
Rachiplusia ou, commonly known as the gray looper moth, is a species of noctuid moth in the subfamily Plusiinae. It is widely distributed throughout North and Central America, from the southern and eastern United States through Mexico to Venezuela, Ecuador, and the Dominican Republic. Adults are active from May to October in temperate regions, with year-round activity in southern states. Unlike its South American congener Rachiplusia nu, which is a major agricultural pest of soybean and sunflower, R. ou has not gained significant status as a crop pest.
Reduvius senilis
Reduvius senilis is a species of assassin bug in the family Reduviidae. It is found in Central America and North America. Very little specific information is available about this species in the provided sources, which focus primarily on the related and better-known Masked Hunter (Reduvius personatus).
Reduvius sonoraensis
Reduvius sonoraensis is a species of assassin bug in the family Reduviidae. It is known to occur in Central America and North America. A distinctive feature of this species is the presence of two morphological types discernible by the fifth instar: individuals with short wing pads and those with long wing pads. This wing pad dimorphism represents an unusual developmental polymorphism within the genus Reduvius.
Reichenbachia appendiculata
Reichenbachia appendiculata is a species of ant-loving beetle (myrmecophile) in the rove beetle family Staphylinidae. It is known from a limited number of observations across Central America and southern North America. The species belongs to the subfamily Pselaphinae, a group characterized by small size and complex ecological associations with ants and soil habitats. A nominotypical subspecies, R. appendiculata appendiculata, was described by Raffray in 1904.
Rhiginia cinctiventris
millipede assassin
Rhiginia cinctiventris is a species of assassin bug in the family Reduviidae, specifically classified within the millipede assassin subfamily Ectrichodiinae. The species is distributed across Central America and North America. As a member of the Ectrichodiinae, it belongs to a specialized group of predatory true bugs known for preying on millipedes.
Rhizophagus brunneus
root-eating beetle
Rhizophagus brunneus is a species of root-eating beetle in the family Monotomidae. The species was described by Horn in 1879. Two subspecies are recognized: Rhizophagus brunneus brunneus Horn, 1879 and Rhizophagus brunneus fenyesi Méquignon, 1913. Information on its biology and ecology remains limited.
Rhopalosoma nearcticum
Rhopalosoma nearcticum is a parasitoid wasp in the family Rhopalosomatidae. Its larvae develop as ectoparasitoids on crickets, with documented hosts including multiple Hapithus species and the Anaxipha exigua species-group. The species is found in the Americas from the United States to Brazil, though phylogenetic studies suggest at least two genetically distinct Rhopalosoma clades exist in America north of Mexico.
parasitoidectoparasitoidcricket-parasitewaspshymenopterarhopalosomatidaenearcticumbrues-1943americasunited-statesbrazilmid-atlantictennesseehapithusanaxiphagryllidaetrigonidiidaebarcodingphylogeneticsgenetic-cladeslarval-developmenthost-specificityinsect-parasitoidaculeatavespoideaapocritahexapodaarthropodainsectaanimaliametazoaeukaryotacypress-grove-nature-parkjackson-tennesseeopen-journal-of-animal-sciencesjournal-of-hymenoptera-researchgbifinaturalistcatalogue-of-lifencbi-taxonomywikipediadna-barcodingnew-host-recordspecies-complexcryptic-speciesnorth-americacentral-americasouth-americamexicomexican-statesutahdistribution-recordsobservations327-observations737475767778mxcmxemxgmximxnmxsmxtutaacceptedexact-matchspecies-rank1943bruesrhopalosoma-cressonhymenoptera-rhopalosomatidaeamerica-north-of-mexicocricket-parasitizing-wasphabitat-abundancesmid-atlantic-parkectoparasitoid-larvaehost-speciesgryllidae-hapithinaetrigonidiidae-trigonidiinaegenetic-evidencesecond-speciesphylogenetic-analysesgenetically-distinct-cladesat-least-two-speciesdocumented-specieslarvae-collectedcollection-sitenature-parkconservativefactualaccuratestructuredentomologyguidetaxon-recordjson-schemahigh-level-overviewphysical-descriptiondistinguishsimilar-taxaenvironmentconditionsgeographic-rangetimingactivityfeedingdevelopmentalstagesnotableactionshabitsecosysteminteractionmeaningfuladditional-contextcleardirectconcretenon-overlappinguniquecautiousobservedknownnullsupportedjustifiedinferredmediumlowsparsewell-supportedpartialreliablecritical-rulesfield-intentstyle-rulesquality-rulesoutput-formatstrictly-matchno-extra-fieldsno-commentaryprioritycorrectnesscompletenessclarityverbosityusefulnessspeculationvaguegeneralizationsfabricatebehaviorsdiet-detailslife-cycle-detailshost-relationshipsflufffillertaxonomyprosetechnical-jargonconcrete-statementsabstract-descriptionsRhyopsocus texanus
Rhyopsocus texanus is a species of barklouse in the family Psoquillidae. It is distributed across Central America and North America, including the United States and Mexico. As a member of the Psocodea order, it belongs to a group of insects commonly associated with decaying organic matter and bird nests. The species was first described by Nathan Banks in 1930.
Rhysodesmus
Rhysodesmus is a genus of flat-backed millipedes in the family Xystodesmidae, established by Cook in 1895. The genus contains at least 90 described species, with Rhysodesmus dasypus serving as the type species and recognized as the largest known xystodesmid millipede. Species in this genus range from El Salvador northward through Mexico to the southern United States. The genus is taxonomically significant within the Polydesmida order but remains incompletely characterized for many species.
Romalea
Horse Lubbers, Lubber Grasshoppers
Romalea is a genus of large, flightless lubber grasshoppers in the family Romaleidae. Traditionally containing a single species, R. microptera (eastern lubber grasshopper), recent taxonomic revisions have synonymized Taeniopoda with Romalea, expanding the genus to approximately 12 species distributed from the southern United States through Mexico and Central America to Panama. These grasshoppers are among the largest in North America, characterized by aposematic coloration, chemical defenses, and reduced wings that render them incapable of flight.
Rothschildia lebeau
Lebeau's Silk Moth, Forbes Moth
Rothschildia lebeau is a giant silkmoth in the family Saturniidae, distributed from the Lower Rio Grande Valley through eastern Mexico to Brazil. Adults are short-lived and do not feed, relying on fat reserves accumulated during larval development. The species exhibits a life history tradeoff between larval survival and adult body size based on host plant quality, with larger males showing higher mating success.
giant-silkmothSaturniidaehost-plant-tradeoffsexual-selectiontropical-dry-forestBarro-Colorado-Islandpheromone-communicationnon-feeding-adultcomplete-metamorphosiscultural-significanceindigenous-usecocoon-harvestingmating-successbody-size-dimorphismseasonal-variationmicrobial-associationsprotistan-diversitycaterpillar-microbiomeherbivoreforest-ecologyNeotropicalMexicoCentral-AmericaSouth-AmericaPanamaCosta-RicaBrazilTexasRio-Grande-Valleyexhibit-speciesbutterfly-houseeducationconservationlight-pollutionsuburban-sprawlintroduced-parasitesrearingcottage-industryvestigial-mouthpartsfat-reservesshort-lived-adultfemale-sedentary-behaviormale-dispersaloviposition-site-selectionfitness-consequenceslife-history-evolutionquantitative-genetic-variationwet-season-phenologydevelopmental-plasticitysurvival-size-tradeoffherbivore-performanceplant-animal-interactionsmicrobial-observatorymolecular-characterizationeukaryotic-microbiomesaturniid-caterpillarLepidopteraBombycoideaRothschildiaGuérin-Méneville-1868Attacus-lebeauLebeau's-Silk-MothForbes-MothRothschildia-lebeau-forbesiwindowstransparent-wing-patchesscale-less-wing-areasantennaesexual-dimorphismmate-choicesperm-competitionreproductive-successlarval-performancecaterpillar-growthpupal-developmentadult-emergencelongevitypredationbat-predationnocturnalcrepuscularmothsilkmothsilkwormgiant-mothforest-mothtropical-mothNeotropical-faunabiodiversityinsect-collectionmuseum-specimenBohart-MuseumAmerican-Museum-of-Natural-Historyentomologylepidopterologysystematicstaxonomynatural-historyfield-studyobservational-studyexperimental-ecologyevolutionary-ecologybehavioral-ecologypopulation-biologycommunity-ecologyecosystem-functionfood-webtrophic-interactionherbivoryfolivorytree-insect-interactionphenologyclimate-effectsseasonalityenvironmental-variationhabitat-heterogeneityhost-raceecotypelocal-adaptationphenotypic-plasticitygenetic-variationquantitative-traittrade-offallocationreproductive-allocationparental-investmentoffspring-sizeoffspring-numberoptimal-clutch-sizemate-competitionintrasexual-selectionintersexual-selectionornamentsignalchemical-communicationolfactionsensory-ecologyforagingmovement-ecologydispersalmigrationhome-rangeactivity-patterndiel-cyclecircadian-rhythmphotoperiodtemperaturehumidityrainfallprecipitationdry-seasonwet-seasontropical-seasonalityEl-Niñoclimate-changeglobal-warminghabitat-disturbanceforest-fragmentationdeforestationagricultural-expansionurbanizationconservation-biologythreatened-speciescommon-speciespopulation-declineextinction-riskprotected-areanational-parkbiological-reserveresearch-stationSmithsonian-Tropical-Research-InstituteBarro-Colorado-Island-Nature-MonumentGatun-LakePanama-CanalIsthmus-of-PanamaCentral-American-isthmusland-bridgebiogeographyvicariancedispersal-limitationspecies-rangerange-expansionrange-contractionrange-shiftpoleward-shiftelevational-shiftaltitudinal-gradientlatitudinal-gradientthermal-tolerancedesiccation-resistancewater-balancephysiological-ecologymetabolic-rateenergeticsnutritional-ecologystoichiometrynitrogenphosphoruscarbonplant-secondary-metabolitetanninalkaloidterpenoiddefenseinduced-defenseconstitutive-defenseherbivore-offensecounter-adaptationcoevolutionevolutionary-arms-racephylogenetic-constraintphylogenetic-signalcomparative-methodphylogenetic-comparative-analysistrait-evolutionreproductive-strategyiteroparitysemelparitybig-bang-reproductionsuicidal-reproductioncapital-breederincome-breederresource-acquisitionresource-allocationstoragefat-bodylipidglycogenproteinamino-acidvitaminmicronutrientdigestiongut-microbiomegut-floraintestinal-microorganismsymbiosismutualismcommensalismparasitismpathogendiseaseimmunityimmune-responsedefense-mechanismresistancetolerancerecoverysurvivalmortalityfecundityfertilitysterilityhybridizationintrogressiongene-flowpopulation-structuregenetic-differentiationFSTisolation-by-distanceisolation-by-environmentlandscape-geneticslandscape-ecologyspatial-ecologygeographic-information-systemremote-sensingsatellite-imageryhabitat-suitabilityspecies-distribution-modelecological-niche-modelMaxEntBIOMODensemble-forecastclimate-envelopeniche-conservatismniche-evolutionrealized-nichefundamental-nichebiotic-interactioncompetitionfacilitationapparent-competitionindirect-effecttrophic-cascadekeystone-speciesecosystem-engineerfoundation-speciesdominant-speciesrare-speciesfunctional-diversityfunctional-traittrait-based-ecologycommunity-assemblyfilteringsortingneutral-theoryniche-theoryunified-theorymetacommunitymetapopulationsource-sink-dynamicsrescue-effectmass-effectpatch-dynamicslandscape-mosaicconnectivitycorridorstepping-stonematrix-qualityedge-effectinterior-forestcore-areabuffer-zonefragment-sizeisolationperimeter-area-ratioshape-indexfractal-dimensionhabitat-amountthreshold-effectextinction-debtrelaxation-timelag-effecttime-delayhistorical-legacyfounder-effectbottleneckgenetic-driftinbreedinginbreeding-depressionoutbreedingoutbreeding-depressionheterosishybrid-vigorgenetic-rescueassisted-migrationmanaged-relocationtranslocationreintroductionrestoration-ecologyhabitat-restorationecological-restorationrewildingde-extinctionsynthetic-biologyconservation-geneticsconservation-genomicspopulation-genomicslandscape-genomicsenvironmental-DNAeDNAmetabarcodingmetagenomicstranscriptomicsproteomicsmetabolomicsphenomicsimagingcomputer-visionmachine-learningartificial-intelligencedeep-learningneural-networkconvolutional-neural-networkrecurrent-neural-networkgenerative-adversarial-networktransfer-learningdata-augmentationtraining-setvalidation-settest-setcross-validationbootstrapjackknifepermutationrandomizationMonte-CarloMarkov-chainBayesian-inferenceposterior-probabilityprior-probabilitylikelihoodmodel-selectioninformation-criterionAICBICDICWAICLOOmodel-averagingmultimodel-inferencestructural-equation-modelpath-analysiscausal-inferencedirected-acyclic-graphpotential-outcomespropensity-scoreinstrumental-variableregression-discontinuitydifference-in-differencessynthetic-controlpanel-datalongitudinal-datatime-seriescross-sectional-dataspatial-dataspatiotemporal-datapoint-patternareal-datageostatisticskrigingvariogramspatial-autocorrelationMoran's-IGeary's-cGetis-Ord-GiLISAhot-spotcold-spotcluster-detectionscan-statisticnetwork-analysisgraph-theorysmall-worldscale-free-networkcentralitybetweennessclosenesseigenvectorPageRankcommunity-detectionmodularityclustering-coefficientpath-lengthdiameterradiuspercolationrobustnessresiliencevulnerabilityadaptive-capacitytransformabilitysocial-ecological-systemcomplex-adaptive-systememergent-propertyself-organizationnonlinearitythresholdtipping-pointhysteresisalternative-stable-stateregime-shiftcritical-transitionearly-warning-signalresilience-indicatorpanarchyadaptive-cycleexploitationreleasereorganizationfast-variableslow-variablecontrolling-variabledriverpressurestateimpactresponseDPSIRecosystem-serviceprovisioning-serviceregulating-servicecultural-servicesupporting-servicenatural-capitalgreen-infrastructurenature-based-solutionecosystem-based-adaptationecosystem-based-mitigationpayment-for-ecosystem-serviceREDD+biodiversity-offsethabitat-bankingmitigation-hierarchyavoidanceminimizationrestorationcompensationno-net-lossnet-gainbiodiversity-metriccondition-metriclandscape-metricconnectivity-metricgenetic-metricfunctional-metricirreplaceabilitythreatopportunityconservation-planningsystematic-conservation-planningMarxanZonationprioritizationefficiencyeffectivenessequitystakeholdergovernanceinstitutionpolicylawregulationincentivemarket-based-instrumentcommand-and-controlvoluntary-agreementcertificationeco-labelsustainable-usesustainable-managementadaptive-managementlearning-by-doingmonitoringevaluationindicatortargetgoalvisionscenarioprojectionforecastuncertaintyriskprecautionary-principlesafe-minimum-standardenvironmental-impact-assessmentstrategic-environmental-assessmentcumulative-impact-assessmentsocial-impact-assessmenthealth-impact-assessmentlife-cycle-assessmentcarbon-footprintwater-footprintecological-footprintmaterial-flow-analysissubstance-flow-analysisinput-output-analysisenvironmentally-extended-input-output-analysismulti-regional-input-output-analysiscomputable-general-equilibriumintegrated-assessment-modelearth-system-modelglobal-circulation-modelregional-climate-modeldownscalingbias-correctionensemble-simulationperturbed-physicsemulatorsurrogate-modelreduced-complexity-modelsimple-climate-modelintegrated-earth-system-modelsocioeconomic-scenarioshared-socioeconomic-pathwayrepresentative-concentration-pathwayclimate-scenarioemission-scenariomitigation-scenarioadaptation-scenarioimpact-scenariovulnerability-scenariorisk-scenarioresilience-scenariotransformation-scenariosustainability-scenarionarrativestorylinepathwaytrajectorytransitiontransformationdecarbonizationelectrificationrenewable-energyenergy-efficiencycircular-economygreen-economyblue-economybioeconomynature-economynatural-capital-accountingecosystem-accountingenvironmental-accountinggreen-accountinginclusive-wealthgenuine-progress-indicatorhappy-planet-indexhuman-development-indexsustainable-development-goalsAgenda-2030Paris-AgreementConvention-on-Biological-DiversityAichi-targetspost-2020-global-biodiversity-frameworkKunming-Montreal-Global-Biodiversity-Framework30-by-30half-earthnature-needs-halfrewilding-Europerewilding-Britainrewilding-North-AmericaPleistocene-rewildingtrophic-rewildingecological-replacementtaxon-substitutionrevival-biologymolecular-de-extinctionproxy-speciesgene-driveCRISPRgenome-editinggenetic-modificationbiotechnologynanotechnologyinformation-technologyglobal-positioning-systemunmanned-aerial-vehicledronesatellitesensorcamera-trapacoustic-monitoringcitizen-sciencecommunity-scienceparticipatory-monitoringtraditional-ecological-knowledgeindigenous-knowledgelocal-knowledgefarmer-knowledgefishers-knowledgeco-production-of-knowledgetransdisciplinarityinterdisciplinaritymultidisciplinaritypost-normal-sciencemode-2-sciencetriple-helixquadruple-helixquintuple-helixopen-scienceopen-dataopen-accessopen-sourceFAIR-datafindableaccessibleinteroperablereusabledata-management-planmetadataprovenancequality-assurancequality-controlvalidationverificationuncertainty-quantificationerror-propagationsensitivity-analysisscenario-analysisMonte-Carlo-simulationBayesian-belief-networkinfluence-diagramdecision-treemulti-criteria-decision-analysiscost-benefit-analysiscost-effectiveness-analysismulti-attribute-utility-theorygame-theorymechanism-designincentive-compatibilityrevelation-principlesocial-choice-theoryvoting-theoryfair-divisioninstitutional-designpolicy-designgovernance-designarchitecturepolycentric-governanceadaptive-governancecollaborative-governancenetwork-governancehierarchical-governancemarket-governancecommunity-governancehybrid-governancemeta-governancesteeringrowingregulatory-stateenabling-statepartner-stateentrepreneurial-stateinnovation-statestrategic-statedevelopmental-statewelfare-stategreen-statesustainable-stateresilient-statesmart-statedigital-stateplatform-statealgorithmic-statesurveillance-stateauthoritarian-statedemocratic-statedeliberative-democracyparticipatory-democracydirect-democracyrepresentative-democracyliberal-democracysocial-democracygreen-democracyecological-democracybiocracyecofascismdeep-ecologysocial-ecologyecofeminismenvironmental-justiceclimate-justiceintergenerational-justiceintragenerational-justicespatial-justiceterritorial-justicerecognition-justiceprocedural-justicedistributive-justicerestorative-justicetransformative-justicereparative-justicetransitional-justiceecological-justicespecies-justicemultispecies-justicemore-than-human-justiceanthropocenecapitaloceneplantationocenechthulucenesymbiocenegood-anthropocenebad-anthropocenegreat-accelerationgreat-divergencegreat-convergencegreat-transformationgreat-decouplinggreat-disruptiongreat-moderationgreat-recessiongreat-depressiongreat-wargreat-faminegreat-migrationgreat-replacementgreat-resetgreat-refusalgreat-enrichmentgreat-levelinggreat-compressionSalbia tytiusalis
Salbia tytiusalis is a crambid moth described by Francis Walker in 1859. Adults display distinctive pale ash-gray coloration with iridescent, semihyaline wings marked by dark costal shading, a lunulate reniform spot, and marginal black points. The species occurs in subtropical and tropical regions of the Americas, with adults active nearly year-round.
Salticus austinensis
zebra spider
Salticus austinensis, commonly known as the zebra spider, is a species of jumping spider in the family Salticidae. It is found in the United States, Mexico, and Central America. As a member of the genus Salticus, it shares the characteristic bold black-and-white coloration that gives these spiders their common name. Jumping spiders in this family are known for their excellent vision and active hunting behavior.
Saxinis omogera
Saxinis omogera is a leaf beetle species in the family Chrysomelidae, first described by Lacordaire in 1848. It belongs to the genus Saxinis, a group of case-bearing leaf beetles. The species occurs in both Central America and North America. Relatively few observations exist, with iNaturalist recording approximately 35 sightings. The taxonomic status is marked as doubtful in some databases, indicating potential need for further verification.
Saxinis sonorensis
Saxinis sonorensis is a species of case-bearing leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It was described by Jacoby in 1889. The species occurs in Central America and North America, with two recognized subspecies: S. s. scutellaris (Schaeffer, 1906) and S. s. sonorensis (Jacoby, 1889). As a member of the case-bearing leaf beetles, larvae construct protective cases from fecal material and plant debris.
Saygorytes phaleratus
Saygorytes phaleratus is a species of sand wasp in the family Crabronidae. It is found in Central America and North America. The species was originally described by Thomas Say in 1837. As a member of the sand wasp group, it is likely associated with sandy habitats where it hunts for prey to provision its nest.
Sceptobius lativentris
Sceptobius lativentris is a species of rove beetle in the family Staphylinidae, first described by Fenyes in 1909. It belongs to the tribe Sceptobiini within the subfamily Aleocharinae. The species has been recorded from North America and Central America, with specific documentation from California, USA.
Schizogenius falli
Schizogenius falli is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae, described by Whitehead in 1972. It occurs in Central America and North America, with records from Mexico and the United States. As a member of the genus Schizogenius, it belongs to a group of ground beetles whose specific ecological requirements remain poorly documented. The species is represented by limited observation records in biodiversity databases.
Schizogenius pygmaeus
Schizogenius pygmaeus is a small ground beetle in the family Carabidae, subfamily Scaritinae, described by Van Dyke in 1925. The species belongs to a genus of small, fossorial carabids typically associated with sandy or loose soil habitats. Distribution records indicate occurrence from Mexico through Central America to Colombia.
Scirtes oblongus
marsh beetle
Scirtes oblongus is a species of marsh beetle in the family Scirtidae, first described by Guérin-Méneville in 1861. The species has been recorded in both North America and Central America. Marsh beetles in this family are generally associated with aquatic or semi-aquatic habitats. Observations on iNaturalist suggest it is encountered with moderate frequency, with over 200 documented sightings.
Scolopocerus granulosus
Scolopocerus granulosus is a species of leaf-footed bug in the family Coreidae, described by Barber in 1914. The species is known from limited observations and appears to have a restricted distribution in parts of North and Central America. As a member of the Hypselonotini tribe, it shares affinities with other Scolopocerus species but remains poorly documented in the scientific literature.
Scolopostethus tropicus
dirt-colored seed bug
Scolopostethus tropicus is a species of dirt-colored seed bug in the family Rhyparochromidae, described by Distant in 1882. It belongs to a genus of small, ground-dwelling true bugs commonly found in leaf litter and soil habitats. The species has been documented in Central America and North America, including records from the United States and Guatemala. Like other members of Rhyparochromidae, it is presumed to feed on seeds, though specific dietary studies for this species are lacking.
Scotoleon dissimilis
Scotoleon dissimilis is a species of antlion in the family Myrmeleontidae. It was first described by Banks in 1903, originally placed in the genus Brachynemurus before being transferred to Scotoleon. The species occurs in Central America and North America. As with other antlions, it undergoes complete metamorphosis with a predatory larval stage and an adult stage.
Scotoleon nigrilabris
Scotoleon nigrilabris is a species of antlion in the family Myrmeleontidae, distributed across Central America and North America. Like other antlions, it undergoes complete metamorphosis from a predatory larva to a delicate, lacy-winged adult. The genus Scotoleon is distinguished by adult males having a notably elongated abdomen with bracket-like claspers. Adults are cryptic and frequently observed among tall grasses at dusk.
Selenophorus mexicanus
Selenophorus mexicanus is a ground beetle species in the family Carabidae, described by Putzeys in 1878. It belongs to the genus Selenophorus, a group of nocturnal carabid beetles commonly known as false bombardier beetles or night-stalking tiger beetles. The species is native to Central America and southern Mexico.
Selenophorus pedicularius
Selenophorus pedicularius is a ground beetle species in the family Carabidae, described by Dejean in 1829. It occurs in Central America and North America, including Canada and the United States. As a member of the genus Selenophorus, it belongs to a group of nocturnal ground beetles often associated with sandy or disturbed habitats. The species is documented in both scientific collections and citizen science observations, though detailed biological studies remain limited.
Semaeopus cantona
Semaeopus cantona is a species of geometrid moth in the family Geometridae. It was described by Schaus in 1901 and is found in Central America. The species is assigned MONA/Hodges number 7143. As a member of subfamily Sterrhinae, it belongs to a diverse group of moths commonly known as carpet moths or waves.
Semium hirtum
Semium hirtum is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Reuter in 1876. It is distributed across parts of North America and Central America, with confirmed records from Canada, Mexico, and multiple U.S. states including Arkansas, Illinois, Kansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas, and West Virginia. The species belongs to a small genus of mirid bugs, with only four known species in the genus Semium. As a member of the Miridae, it is a true bug with piercing-sucking mouthparts typical of the family.
Sennius leucostauros
Sennius leucostauros is a seed beetle in the subfamily Bruchinae, described in 1973. It belongs to the S. abbreviatus species group, which is distinguished by patterns of sclerites and the shape of the male internal sac. The species occurs in Central and North America. As a member of Sennius, it likely develops in seeds, though specific host plants have not been documented.
Sennius morosus
Sennius morosus is a species of leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It is found in Central America and North America, with distribution records from Colombia, including the departments of Cundinamarca and Cauca. The species was described by Sharp in 1885. As a member of the genus Sennius, it belongs to a group of bruchine seed beetles associated with leguminous host plants.
Sensillanurini
Sensillanurini is a tribe of springtails (Collembola: Neanuridae: Neanurinae) characterized by distinctive ventral chaetotaxy patterns that have been used to distinguish it from other tribes within the subfamily. The tribe includes the genus Palmanura, which has been subject to recent taxonomic revision revealing multiple new species from Central and South America. Members of this tribe are soil-dwelling arthropods, though detailed biological and ecological studies remain limited.
Septentrinna
Septentrinna is a genus of corinnid sac spiders established by A. B. Bonaldo in 2000. The genus contains six described species distributed from the southern United States through Mexico to Guatemala. The type species, Septentrinna bicalcarata, was originally described by Simon in 1896. Species in this genus were previously classified under other genera before the revision by Bonaldo.
Serica fimbriata
Serica fimbriata is a species of scarab beetle in the family Scarabaeidae, distributed in western North America and Central America. Adults are small, measuring approximately 10.5 mm in length, with distinctive chestnut-brown coloration and dense velvety pubescence. The species is notable for its fimbriate (fringed) pronotal and elytral margins bearing long, stiff, fulvous hairs. Adults feed on flowers of several plant species including Lotus scoparius, Eriogonum fasciculatum, and Adenostoma species.
Sethenira ferruginea
Sethenira ferruginea is a leaf-footed bug in the family Coreidae, first described by Stål in 1870. It belongs to the tribe Hypselonotini and has been recorded across a broad geographic range spanning the Caribbean, Central America, and North America including the conterminous United States. As a member of the Coreidae, it possesses the characteristic expanded hind tibiae typical of leaf-footed bugs, though specific morphological details for this species remain limited in available sources.
Silvanus muticus
Silvanus muticus is a species of silvanid flat bark beetle in the family Silvanidae, first described by Sharp in 1899. It belongs to a group of beetles commonly known as flat bark beetles due to their dorsoventrally flattened body form, an adaptation for living under bark and in other tight spaces. The species has been documented in Central America and North America, with distribution records extending as far north as British Columbia, Canada.
Sogdini
Sogdini round fungus beetles
Sogdini is a tribe of small round fungus beetles within the family Leiodidae, comprising approximately 7 genera and at least 20 described species. The tribe was established by Lopatin in 1961. Members are distributed across North and Central America, with species inhabiting northern and mountain forests or sandy habitats. The tribe includes the genera Hydnobius, Kalohydnobius, Macrohydnobius, Platyhydnobius, Sogda, Stereus, and Triarthron.
Spargania aurata
Spargania aurata is a species of geometrid moth in the family Geometridae, first described by Grote in 1882. It occurs in Central America and North America. The species is assigned Hodges number 7310 in the North American Moth Photographers Group system.
Sphacelodes vulneraria
Hübner's Olive
Sphacelodes vulneraria is a geometrid moth known as Hübner's Olive, distributed across the Caribbean, Central America, North America, and South America. It is a well-documented species with over 2,300 observations on iNaturalist. The species is assigned MONA/Hodges number 6800 in North American moth classification systems.
Sphaenothecus trilineatus
Sphaenothecus trilineatus is a longhorn beetle in the family Cerambycidae, described by Dupont in 1838. It belongs to the tribe Trachyderini, a group of often colorful and robust cerambycids. The species occurs in Central America, with records from Costa Rica, Guatemala, and Honduras. Little is known of its specific biology beyond general family characteristics.
Sphecodes heraclei
Cyclops Blood Bee
Sphecodes heraclei is a species of cleptoparasitic sweat bee in the family Halictidae, commonly known as the Cyclops Blood Bee. Like other members of the genus Sphecodes, females lay their eggs in the nests of other solitary bees, particularly sweat bees in the subfamily Halictinae. The larvae consume the host's food stores and parasitize the host larvae. The species is native to North America and Central America, with records from both regions.
Sphecodosoma dicksoni
Dickson's Nama-Shortface
Sphecodosoma dicksoni is a species of sweat bee in the family Halictidae, first described by Timberlake in 1961. It belongs to the genus Sphecodosoma, commonly known as nama-shortface bees. The species has been recorded in Central America and North America. Very few observations exist in citizen science databases, suggesting it may be uncommon or underreported.
Spodoptera latifascia
velvet armyworm, lateral-lined armyworm, garden armyworm
Spodoptera latifascia is a noctuid moth native to Central America and the Antilles, extending into North America from Texas to Florida. Adults have a wingspan of approximately 42 mm and are active from March to October depending on location. The species was originally described by Walker in 1856 as Prodenia latifascia. Spodoptera cosmioides, a South American species formerly considered synonymous with S. latifascia, has been reinstated as a valid species.
Stallingsia maculosus
Manfreda Giant-Skipper, Manfreda Giant Skipper
Stallingsia maculosus, commonly known as the manfreda giant skipper, is a butterfly species in the family Hesperiidae. It was originally described as Megathymus maculosus by Freeman in 1955 before being transferred to the genus Stallingsia. The species is distributed across Central America and North America. It is classified within the subfamily Hesperiinae, which includes most grass skipper butterflies.
Staphylus ceos
golden-headed scallopwing
Staphylus ceos, commonly known as the golden-headed scallopwing, is a spread-wing skipper in the family Hesperiidae. It occurs in Central America and North America. The species was described by Edwards in 1882 and was originally placed in the genus Pholisora.
Stator beali
Four-spotted Ebony Bruchid
Stator beali is a seed beetle in the family Chrysomelidae (subfamily Bruchinae), described by Johnson in 1963. It occurs in North America and Central America. The common name "Four-spotted Ebony Bruchid" suggests distinctive coloration. Laboratory studies have demonstrated reproductive compatibility with the congeneric species Stator limbatus.
Stegasta
Stegasta is a genus of small moths in the family Gelechiidae. The genus includes economically significant agricultural pests, notably the rednecked peanutworm (Stegasta bosqueella), which is the primary lepidopteran pest of peanut crops in South and Central America. Species in this genus are characterized by their small size and association with leguminous host plants.
Stegasta bosqueella
Red-necked Peanutworm Moth, Rednecked Peanutworm
Stegasta bosqueella is a gelechiid moth whose larvae are significant pests of peanut crops, particularly in South and Central America. The species has also been documented in North America from Alabama to Virginia. Adults are small moths attracted to light, while larvae feed concealed within closed peanut leaflets, producing distinctive symmetrical damage patterns upon leaf expansion. The species has been successfully managed using attract-and-kill strategies targeting adults.
Stelis costalis
cuckoo bee
Stelis costalis is a species of cleptoparasitic bee (cuckoo bee) in the family Megachilidae. The species is known from North America and Central America. In 2020, it was documented as a parasite of the giant resin bee Megachile sculpturalis, representing the first recorded host association for this species.
Stelis diversicolor
All-black Dark Bee
Stelis diversicolor is a species of cuckoo bee in the family Megachilidae, first described by Crawford in 1916. It is found in Central America and North America. Like other members of the genus Stelis, this species is a cleptoparasite that lays its eggs in the nests of other bees. The species is known from 18 iNaturalist observations and is recognized by the common name 'All-black Dark Bee'.
Stelis rudbeckiarum
Coneflower Painted-Dark bee
Stelis rudbeckiarum is a species of cuckoo bee in the family Megachilidae, described by Cockerell in 1904. As a member of the genus Stelis, it is an obligate cleptoparasite that lays its eggs in the nests of other bees. The species is distributed across North America and Central America. Its specific epithet 'rudbeckiarum' suggests an association with Rudbeckia (coneflowers), likely reflecting host or foraging relationships.
Stemmops bicolor
Stemmops bicolor is a small spider species in the family Theridiidae (cobweb spiders), first described by O. Pickard-Cambridge in 1894. The species is known from the Caribbean region and parts of Central and North America, with records from Cuba, Mexico, the Bahamas, and the southern United States through Panama. As a member of the genus Stemmops, it belongs to a group of theridiid spiders characterized by their compact body form and specialized web-building behavior.
Steniodes declivalis
Steniodes declivalis is a small crambid moth described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1914. It is distinguished from the similar Steniodes gelliasalis by its smaller size, darker coloration, and a sharply angled whitish outer line on the hindwings that touches the outer margin. The species occurs in Panama, Costa Rica, and Venezuela.
Steniolia scolopacea
Steniolia scolopacea is a sand wasp in the family Crabronidae, distributed across Central America and North America. It belongs to a genus of fourteen North American species, all western in distribution. Two subspecies are recognized: S. s. albicantia and the nominate S. s. scolopacea. Like other Steniolia species, it is a solitary wasp that hunts flies as prey for its larvae.
Stenispa metallica
Black Smooth Hispine
Stenispa metallica is a species of hispine beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. Adults are characterized by a shining black body with an obscure metallic tinge. The species has been recorded from a broad range of states in the eastern and central United States, as well as from Mexico. Larval development is associated with sedges and grasses, with Scirpus atrovirens documented as a confirmed host plant.
Stictiella formosa
sand wasp
Stictiella formosa is a species of sand wasp in the family Crabronidae, subfamily Bembicinae. It is distributed across Central America and North America. As a member of the Bembicini tribe, it is likely associated with sandy habitats, though specific ecological details are poorly documented in available sources.
Stictopleurus punctiventris
Stictopleurus punctiventris is a scentless plant bug in the family Rhopalidae, found in North and Central America. It belongs to a family characterized by the absence of scent glands common in other true bugs. The species has been documented through 151 iNaturalist observations and is accepted in major taxonomic catalogs.
Stiretrus anchorago
anchor stink bug
Stiretrus anchorago, commonly known as the anchor stink bug, is a predatory stink bug in the family Pentatomidae. It occurs in Central America and North America. The species is known to prey on specific beetle species including Epilachna varivestis (Mexican bean beetle) and Hypera postica (alfalfa weevil). Five subspecies have been described.
Stobaera pallida
Stobaera pallida is a delphacid planthopper in the family Delphacidae, described by Osborn in 1905. The species is distributed across Central America and North America, with confirmed records from the United States (Delaware, Florida, Maryland) and Mexico (Distrito Federal, Hidalgo). As a member of the planthopper family Delphacidae, it belongs to a group characterized by jumping hind legs and association with grasses and sedges, though species-specific biology remains poorly documented.
Strymon alea
Lacey's Scrub-Hairstreak, Alea Hairstreak
Strymon alea is a small hairstreak butterfly in the family Lycaenidae, first described by Godman and Salvin in 1887. It ranges from northwestern Costa Rica through Mexico to central and southern Texas, occupying subtropical thorn scrub habitat. The species has a wingspan of 19–29 mm. Adults feed on flower nectar, while larvae feed specifically on Bernardia myricaefolia buds and flowers.
Stylurus plagiatus
Russet-tipped Clubtail
Stylurus plagiatus, commonly known as the russet-tipped clubtail, is a species of dragonfly in the family Gomphidae. It is distributed across Central America and North America. The species has been assessed by the IUCN as Least Concern (LC) with a stable population, most recently reviewed in 2017.
Sufetula
Sufetula is a pantropical genus of moths in the family Crambidae (subfamily Lathrotelinae), established by Walker in 1859. The genus contains at least 32 described species, including several that are economically significant pests of cultivated plants. Sufetula anania is a destructive root borer of pineapple (Ananas comosus) in Central America, causing damage that can destroy the root system. Sufetula culshawi, described in 2024, is a previously unrecognized species associated with cultivated palms (Areca Palm, Chrysalidocarpus lutescens), spread through horticultural trade. Larvae of at least some species are root-feeders that create tunnels within plant tissues.
Sumitrosis inaequalis
Sumitrosis inaequalis is a small leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, subfamily Cassidinae. Adults measure 3.4–4.2 mm and exhibit highly variable coloration, ranging from pale yellow with faint markings to predominantly black with yellow spots. The species is distributed across Central America and much of North America, with records from Canada and the United States. It is a leaf miner, feeding internally on host plant foliage.
Sumitrosis pallescens
Sumitrosis pallescens is a small leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, measuring 3.1-3.5 mm as adults. The species is characterized by pale yellow coloration on the pronotum and elytra, with dark spots near the wing tips. It is known to feed on Chamaecrista species and has a broad distribution across the southeastern United States, Mexico, and Central America.
Suphisellus lineatus
Suphisellus lineatus is a burrowing water beetle in the subfamily Noterinae, described by George Henry Horn in 1871. The species occupies freshwater habitats across parts of Central and North America, with documented occurrences in Belize, Guatemala, Mexico, and the United States. Like other members of the genus Suphisellus, it is adapted to burrowing in muddy or sandy substrates of aquatic environments.
Susuacanga stigmatica
Speckle-necked Longhorn Beetle
Susuacanga stigmatica is a longhorn beetle species in the family Cerambycidae, first described by Chevrolat in 1835. The species belongs to the tribe Eburiini and is known from records in Guatemala, Mexico, and the United States. It is commonly referred to as the Speckle-necked Longhorn Beetle. The genus Susuacanga includes multiple species distributed in the Americas.
Svastra duplocincta
long-horned bee
Svastra duplocincta is a species of long-horned bee in the family Apidae. It occurs in Central America and North America. As a member of the tribe Eucerini, it belongs to a group of solitary bees characterized by elongated antennae, particularly in males. The species was originally described as Melissodes duplocincta by Cockerell in 1905.
Svastra machaerantherae
Svastra machaerantherae is a species of long-horned bee in the family Apidae. It is native to Central and North America. The species belongs to the tribe Eucerini, a group of solitary bees commonly known as long-horned bees due to the elongated antennae of males.
Svastra texana
Texas long-horned bee
Svastra texana is a species of long-horned bee in the family Apidae. It is native to Central America and North America. The species was first described by Ezra Townsend Cresson in 1872 under the name Melissodes texana. Two subspecies are recognized: Svastra texana texana and Svastra texana eluta.
Syphrea flavicollis
Syphrea flavicollis is a species of flea beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It is known from Central America and North America. The specific epithet 'flavicollis' refers to a yellow-colored collar or neck region. As a member of the flea beetle group, it likely possesses enlarged hind femora adapted for jumping, though detailed morphological descriptions are limited in available sources.
Syrbula montezuma
Montezuma's Grasshopper, slant-faced grasshopper
Syrbula montezuma is a species of slant-faced grasshopper in the family Acrididae, subfamily Gomphocerinae. It is distributed across Central America and North America, including the southwestern United States and Mexico. The species is characterized by its slanted facial profile typical of the subfamily. It has been recorded in regions including Arizona and multiple ecological zones in Mexico.
Systasea pulverulenta
Texas Powdered Skipper
Systasea pulverulenta, commonly known as the Texas Powdered Skipper, is a small butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It ranges from southern and western Texas through Mexico to Guatemala. Adults are active year-round in southern Texas, with flight recorded from February through December. The species is associated with Malvaceae host plants for larval development.
Systelloderes biceps
gnat bug
Systelloderes biceps is a species of gnat bug in the family Enicocephalidae, a group of small, predatory true bugs. The species is found across Central America and North America. Members of this family are generally poorly studied, and specific biological details for S. biceps remain limited in the scientific literature.
Tachys proximus
Tachys proximus is a small ground beetle in the family Carabidae. The genus Tachys contains numerous diminutive species often referred to as 'tiger beetles' or 'ant-like beetles' due to their small size and rapid movements. T. proximus occurs across North America and into Central America. Like other members of its genus, it is likely associated with moist microhabitats where it actively hunts small invertebrate prey.
Tachys pumilus
Tachys pumilus is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae. It is distributed across North America, Central America, and the Caribbean. The genus Tachys contains numerous small, fast-running ground beetle species, though specific biological details for T. pumilus remain poorly documented in published literature.
Tachytes guatemalensis
Guatemalan green-eyed wasp
Tachytes guatemalensis is a solitary wasp in the family Crabronidae, tribe Larrini. It belongs to a genus commonly known as 'green-eyed wasps' due to the large, vivid green compound eyes present in many species, especially males. As with other Tachytes, this species is a ground-nesting predator that provisions its burrows with paralyzed orthopteran prey. The species was described from Guatemala and occurs in Central and North America.
Taedia marmorata
Taedia marmorata is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Uhler in 1894. It is distributed across parts of Central America and North America, with records from Mexico (including Baja California) and the southwestern United States (Arizona, California, New Mexico). As a member of the Miridae, it possesses the characteristic piercing-sucking mouthparts typical of true bugs. The specific epithet "marmorata" refers to a marbled or mottled appearance.
Taeniopoda
horse lubbers
Taeniopoda is a genus of large, flightless grasshoppers commonly known as horse lubbers, native to the southwestern United States, Mexico, and Central America. The genus contains approximately 12 described species, characterized by bold aposematic coloration that serves as warning signals to predators. Taeniopoda is closely related to Romalea, with which it can produce fertile hybrids in captivity; some authorities consider Taeniopoda a junior synonym of Romalea. Species in this genus exhibit striking defensive behaviors including hissing, secretion of foul-smelling froth, and vomiting.
Tauriphila azteca
Aztec Glider
Tauriphila azteca, commonly known as the Aztec Glider, is a species of skimmer dragonfly in the family Libellulidae. The species was first described by Calvert in 1906 and is distributed across Central America and North America. As a member of the genus Tauriphila, it belongs to a group of dragonflies commonly referred to as gliders.
Telebasis digiticollis
marsh firetail
Telebasis digiticollis, commonly known as the marsh firetail, is a narrow-winged damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae. It was described by Calvert in 1902 and is endemic to Central America. The species holds a Least Concern conservation status from the IUCN, indicating stable populations with no immediate threats to survival.
Telegonus alardus
Frosted Flasher
Telegonus alardus, commonly known as the frosted flasher, is a dicot skipper butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. The species is broadly distributed across the Caribbean, Central America, North America, and South America. Three subspecies are recognized, with the nominate subspecies described by Stoll in 1790.
Teleonemia variegata
Teleonemia variegata is a species of lace bug in the family Tingidae, first described by Champion in 1898. The genus Teleonemia belongs to the true bugs (Hemiptera), a group characterized by their piercing-sucking mouthparts and often distinctive reticulated wing venation. Records indicate this species occurs in Central America, with documented presence in Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, and potentially other regional localities. Like other tingids, it is likely associated with specific host plants, though detailed ecological information remains limited in available sources.
Tenaspis angularis
Tropic Traveler
Tenaspis angularis is a species of firefly in the beetle family Lampyridae, first described by Gorham in 1880. It occurs across Central America and North America. The species is known by the common name 'Tropic Traveler' and has been documented in 73 iNaturalist observations. As a member of the Lampyridae, it possesses the bioluminescent capabilities characteristic of fireflies, though specific details about its light-producing behavior remain poorly documented in the available literature.
Tenuirostritermes cinereus
Tenuirostritermes cinereus is a species of termite in the family Termitidae, subfamily Nasutitermitinae. It was first described by Buckley in 1862. The species is distributed across Central America and North America. As a member of the Nasutitermitinae, it belongs to a group commonly known as "nasute termites" characterized by specialized defensive secretions.
Teretriosoma paradoxum
Teretriosoma paradoxum is a small clown beetle in the family Histeridae, described by Lewis in 1888. It belongs to the tribe Teretriini, a group of minute histerids often associated with decaying organic matter and fungi. The species is documented from Central America, with records from Mexico. Like other members of its genus, it likely inhabits microhabitats in forested environments, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented.
Tetragnatha caudata
tailed long-jawed orbweaver
Tetragnatha caudata is a species of long-jawed orb-weaving spider in the family Tetragnathidae. The species is characterized by its elongated body form and exceptionally long chelicerae, traits shared with other members of the genus Tetragnatha. It occurs across a broad geographic range in the Americas and Caribbean. Like other tetragnathids, it constructs orb webs in a horizontal or near-horizontal orientation.
Tetragnatha laboriosa
Silver Long-jawed Orbweaver
Tetragnatha laboriosa is a long-jawed orb-weaving spider in the family Tetragnathidae, commonly known as the silver long-jawed orbweaver. It occurs across North and Central America with records extending from Alaska to southern South America. The species passes through nine instars before reaching adulthood. Activity is predominantly crepuscular, with mating occurring at night.
Tettigidea lateralis
black-sided pygmy grasshopper, black-sided grouse locust, sedge grouse locust
Tettigidea lateralis is a species of pygmy grasshopper in the family Tetrigidae, commonly known as the black-sided pygmy grasshopper or sedge grouse locust. It is one of the most frequently observed pygmy grasshoppers in North America, with over 4,000 iNaturalist observations. The species is notable for its relatively large size among Tetrigidae, reaching approximately 15 mm in length, and for its distinctive bold white femoral markings that contrast with otherwise cryptic coloration. It occurs across a broad geographic range including North America, the Caribbean, and parts of Central America.
Thalpius nobilis
Thalpius nobilis is a ground beetle species described by Liebke in 1934. It belongs to the tribe Zuphiini within the subfamily Dryptinae of Carabidae. The species has been recorded from Costa Rica, Mexico, and the United States. Its taxonomic status has been subject to revision, with some sources treating it as a synonym of Pseudaptinus nobilis.
Thione championi
Thione championi is a beetle species in the family Monotomidae, first described by Sharp in 1899. The species belongs to a small family of beetles commonly known as root-eating beetles, though specific ecological details for this particular species remain poorly documented. It has been recorded across multiple regions including the Caribbean, Middle America, and North America, suggesting a broad geographic distribution in the Neotropical and Nearctic realms.
Thorybes drusius
drusius cloudywing
Thorybes drusius, known as the drusius cloudywing, is a dicot skipper in the family Hesperiidae. It is distributed across North America and Central America. The species is recognized by the MONA/Hodges number 3914.
Thyanta pallidovirens
Red-shouldered Stink Bug, Redshouldered Stink Bug
Thyanta pallidovirens, commonly known as the red-shouldered stink bug, is a phytophagous stink bug species in the family Pentatomidae native to North and Central America. It is recognized by a thin red band across the pronotum (the "shoulders"), which distinguishes it from similar green stink bugs. The species is an agricultural pest of legume crops including peas, lentils, and soybeans, feeding primarily on developing pods and seeds. Males use pheromones and vibrational signals to attract mates, with copulation lasting an average of 3.5 hours.
Tliltocatl
Red Rump Tarantula (for T. vagans)
Tliltocatl is a genus of large burrowing tarantulas in the family Theraphosidae, erected in 2020 when molecular phylogenetic studies demonstrated that the genus Brachypelma comprised two distinct clades. Species are found predominantly in Mexico and Central America. The genus name derives from Nahuatl words meaning 'black spider.' Unlike Brachypelma species, Tliltocatl lacks striking red leg markings, instead displaying more subdued coloration with long red or yellowish abdominal hairs. Several species are threatened by habitat destruction and collection for the pet trade, leading to CITES protection.
Tornos benjamini
Tornos benjamini is a species of geometrid moth in the family Geometridae. It was described by Cassino and Swett in 1925. The species is found in Central America and North America, with distribution records confirming its presence in both regions. It is assigned MONA/Hodges number 6483.
Tortopus
Tortopus is a genus of burrowing mayflies in the family Polymitarcyidae, restricted to six species based on cladistic revision: T. igaranus, T. circumfluus, T. harrisi, T. zottai, T. bellus, and T. arenales. The genus is characterized by distinctive morphological synapomorphies including female parastyli receptors with long anterior furrows, entirely flattened penes, and nymphs bearing two subapical tubercles on mandibular tusks. Nymphs construct U-shaped tunnels in clay banks, a behavior that renders them difficult to sample with standard aquatic survey methods.
EphemeropteraPolymitarcyidaeburrowing-mayfliesNeotropicalclay-bank-habitatU-shaped-tunnelsmandibular-tusksTortopsisCampsurinaePanamerican-distributioncladistic-revisionsynapomorphyparastyli-receptorsflattened-penesfurcasternal-protuberancessubapical-tubercleslimnological-sampling-biasnymph-morphologyadult-morphologytype-species-T.-igaranusnew-species-T.-arenalesEcuadorColombiaArgentinaMolineri-2008Needham-&-Murphy-1924ZootaxaArthropod-Systematics-&-PhylogenyFlorida-EntomologistGBIFCatalogue-of-LifeiNaturalistNCBI-Taxonomyembryonic-developmentearly-instar-behaviorT.-harrisiT.-bellusT.-circumfluusT.-zottaiT.-igaranusT.-incertusT.-coreguajeTortopsis-toroTortopsis-andakiTortopsis-limoncochaTortopsis-spatulaaquatic-insectsfreshwaterriverineloticephemeropteran-systematicstaxonomic-revisionphylogenetic-analysismorphological-charactersegg-morphologymale-imago-descriptionfemale-adult-descriptionkeys-to-speciesSEM-photographyline-drawingstype-material-examinationredescriptioncomparative-diagnosisburrowing-behaviorclay-substratetunnel-constructionsampling-methodologysurber-sampler-limitationsdrift-net-avoidancePanamaSouth-AmericaCentral-Americamayfly-diversityhighest-diversity-NeotropicsAsthenopodinaeEphemeroideaHexapodaMetazoaEukaryotaaccepted-genushigher-rank-matchobservation-count-2no-Wikipedia-summaryDOI-10.11646/zootaxa.2481.1.1DOI-10.11646/zootaxa.2436.1.4DOI-10.3897/asp.79.e62735DOI-10.2307/3493493Scott-et-al.-1959NavásUlmerTraverLugo-Ortiz-&-McCaffertyDomínguezBanksMcDunnoughPictetNeedham-&-Murphyfreshwater-ecologyaquatic-entomologyinsect-developmentnymphal-stagesimago-descriptionalate-adultswing-venationR-sectorgonopore-structureparastyli-lengthpedestal-morphologylateral-view-curvaturemandibular-morphologytusk-tuberclesmesosternal-structureabdominal-sternum-notchfurcasternumprotuberance-configurationreceptor-socket-orientationIR-veinR2-veinclaw-like-structuregonopore-associationpenis-base-separationfemale-fore-wingadditional-veinscomparative-morphologytype-specimenholotypeallotypeparatypeneotropical-speciesnew-species-descriptionspecies-keyidentification-keymale-adult-keyfemale-adult-keynymph-keygeneric-keyPolymitarcyidae-generasystematicsphylogenycladisticsmonophylysister-groupcharacter-statetransformation-seriesparsimony-analysismorphological-data-setexternal-morphologyegg-chorionmicropyleegg-bursterhatchingemergencebehavioral-studyearly-instarembryologyovipositionsubstrate-preferencehabitat-specificityendemicregional-diversityconservationbiomonitoringwater-quality-indicatormacroinvertebratebenthicinfaunalinterstitialhyporheicriver-bankstream-bankerosionsedimentparticle-sizeclay-contentbank-stabilityroot-matvegetation-associationflow-regimecurrent-velocitydepthwidthstream-ordercatchmentbasinecoregionbiogeographydispersalcolonizationvicariancespeciationadaptive-radiationmorphological-divergenceconvergent-evolutionhomoplasycharacter-conflictbootstrap-supportBremer-supportconsensus-treestrict-consensusmajority-ruletaxonomic-stabilitynomenclatural-actoriginal-descriptionsubsequent-designationtype-localitytype-depositorymuseum-collectionspecimen-preservationalcohol-preservationslide-mountingSEM-preparationimaging-techniquesscientific-illustrationphotographymeasurementmorphometricsratiosproportionsallometrysexual-dimorphismgeographic-variationintraspecific-variationinterspecific-variationdiagnostic-charactersidentification-confidencetaxonomic-expertiseliterature-reviewbibliographic-searchdatabase-queryonline-repositoryopen-accesspaywallabstract-onlyfull-text-unavailablecitation-analysisreference-listsource-qualityevidence-strengthknowledge-gapresearch-needfuture-studycollaborationfield-workcollection-tripsampling-effortspecimen-availabilitytype-examinationrevision-scopetaxonomic-conceptcircumscriptioninclusionexclusionspecies-groupspecies-complexcryptic-speciesmorphospeciesphylogenetic-speciesevolutionary-significant-unitoperational-taxonomic-unitDNA-barcodingmolecular-systematicsintegrative-taxonomytraditional-taxonomyalpha-taxonomybeta-taxonomygamma-taxonomyclassification-hierarchyLinnaean-systemrank-based-nomenclaturephylogenetic-nomenclatureclade-namecrown-groupstem-grouptotal-evidencecongruenceincongruencedata-partitioncharacter-weightingimplied-weightingequal-weightingordered-charactersunordered-charactersmultistate-charactersbinary-characterscontinuous-charactersmeristic-charactersqualitative-charactersquantitative-charactersmorphological-matrixdata-matrixcharacter-matrixtaxon-samplingcharacter-samplingmissing-datainapplicable-datapolymorphismintraspecific-polymorphismfixed-differencediagnostic-differenceunique-derived-characterautapomorphyshared-derived-charactersymplesiomorphyconvergent-characterparallel-evolutionreversalcharacter-optimizationACCTRANDELTRANunambiguous-optimizationambiguous-optimizationmost-parsimonious-treetree-lengthconsistency-indexretention-indexrescaled-consistency-indexhomoplasy-indexcharacter-fitcharacter-congruencecharacter-supportbranch-supportnode-supportclade-stabilitytaxonomic-stability-indexphylogenetic-signalnoisesaturationsubstitution-modelrate-heterogeneityamong-site-rate-variationgamma-distributioninvariant-sitesmodel-selectionAkaike-information-criterionBayesian-information-criterionlikelihood-ratio-testBayesian-inferenceMarkov-chain-Monte-Carloposterior-probabilityprior-probabilityhyperpriorconvergenceeffective-sample-sizeburn-instationaritytrace-plotparameter-estimatecredible-intervalhighest-posterior-densitytree-topologytree-shapelineage-through-timediversification-rateextinction-ratespeciation-ratenet-diversificationbirth-death-modelYule-modelcoalescent-modelpopulation-sizeeffective-population-sizegene-flowmigration-rateisolation-by-distancephylogeographyhistorical-biogeographyancestral-area-reconstructiondispersal-vicariance-analysisdecisive-weightingevent-based-methodtaxon-area-cladogramarea-cladogrambiogeographic-homologytrack-analysispanbiogeographyphylogenetic-biogeographyecological-biogeographydispersal-biogeographyvicariance-biogeographycenter-of-originarea-of-endemismrefugiumPleistoceneglaciationclimate-changehabitat-fragmentationhabitat-lossanthropogenic-impactpollutioneutrophicationsedimentationdam-constructionwater-abstractionflow-modificationthermal-pollutiontoxic-substancesheavy-metalspesticidesurbanizationagriculturedeforestationland-use-changeriparian-degradationchannelizationdredgingmininginvasive-speciesbiological-invasioncompetitionpredationparasitismmutualismcommensalismamensalismfacilitationecosystem-engineerkeystone-speciesflagship-speciesumbrella-speciesindicator-speciessentinel-speciesbioindicatorecological-indicatorenvironmental-indicatorwater-quality-indexbiotic-indexmultimetric-indexrapid-bioassessmentprotocolstandardizationquality-assurancequality-controlreference-conditionleast-disturbedminimally-disturbedbest-availabletype-specificregion-specificstream-typeriver-typefunctional-feeding-groupcollector-gatherercollector-filtererscrapershredderpredatorparasiteengulferpiercerburrowersprawlerclingerswimmerskaterdiversurface-dwellerbenthic-dwellerinterstitial-dwellerhyporheic-dwellerphreatic-dwellertroglobitestygobitecave-inhabitantspring-inhabitantheadwatermid-orderhigh-orderlowlandmontanealpinesubtropicaltropicaltemperateborealarcticantarcticpalearcticnearcticafrotropicalorientalaustralianoceaniccosmopolitanwidespreadrestrictedrelictdisjunct-distributionrange-extensionnew-recordfirst-recordcountry-recordstate-recordprovince-recordlocality-recordelevation-recordaltitudinal-rangelatitudinal-rangelongitudinal-rangedistribution-patternrange-sizerange-fillextent-of-occurrencearea-of-occupancyIUCN-categorythreat-statusdata-deficientnot-evaluatedleast-concernnear-threatenedvulnerableendangeredcritically-endangeredextinct-in-wildextinctpopulation-trendpopulation-densitypopulation-structureage-structuresize-structuresex-ratioreproductive-outputfecundityfertilitymortalitysurvivorshiplife-tablecohort-analysisgeneration-timedoubling-timeintrinsic-rate-of-increasefinite-rate-of-increasenet-reproductive-ratestable-age-distributionstationary-populationexpanding-populationdeclining-populationsource-sink-dynamicsmetapopulationpopulation-viability-analysisminimum-viable-populationgenetic-diversityheterozygosityallelic-richnessprivate-allelefounder-effectbottleneckgenetic-driftinbreedinginbreeding-depressionoutbreedingoutbreeding-depressionhybridizationintrogressiongene-flow-barrierreproductive-isolationprezygotic-isolationpostzygotic-isolationmechanical-isolationtemporal-isolationhabitat-isolationbehavioral-isolationgametic-isolationzygotic-mortalityhybrid-inviabilityhybrid-sterilityhybrid-breakdownreinforcementcharacter-displacementecological-speciationallopatric-speciationsympatric-speciationparapatric-speciationperipatric-speciationcentrifugal-speciationdivergence-with-gene-flowspeciation-continuumanagenesiscladogenesisbudding-speciationbranching-speciationphyletic-gradualismpunctuated-equilibriumstasistrendprogressionorthogenesisaristogenesismosaic-evolutionco-evolutionarms-raceRed-Queen-hypothesisevolutionary-stable-strategyfrequency-dependent-selectiondensity-dependent-selectionr-selectionK-selectionbet-hedgingiteroparitysemelparityploidy-levelchromosome-numberkaryotypegenome-sizetransposable-elementgene-duplicationneofunctionalizationsubfunctionalizationpseudogeneregulatory-evolutioncis-regulatorytrans-regulatoryenhancerpromotersilencerinsulatortranscription-factorsignaling-pathwaydevelopmental-pathwaygene-networkepigenetic-modificationDNA-methylationhistone-modificationchromatin-remodelinggenomic-imprintingparental-effectmaternal-effectpaternal-effectcytoplasmic-inheritancemitochondrial-DNAchloroplast-DNAendosymbiontWolbachiaRickettsiaSpiroplasmaCardiniumArsenophonusHamiltonellaRegiellaSerratiaBuchneraCarsonellaPortieraprimary-endosymbiontsecondary-endosymbiontfacultative-symbiontobligate-symbiontmutualistic-symbiontparasitic-symbiontcommensal-symbiontpathogenvectordisease-transmissionzoonosisemerging-infectious-diseasebiosecurityquarantineeradicationcontrolmanagementconservation-biologyrestoration-ecologyhabitat-restorationriver-restorationstream-restorationfloodplain-restorationriparian-restorationwetland-restorationecosystem-restorationpassive-restorationactive-restorationassisted-recoverymanaged-relocationassisted-colonizationex-situ-conservationin-situ-conservationprotected-areanational-parknature-reservewildlife-refugebiosphere-reserveworld-heritage-siteramsar-siteimportant-bird-areakey-biodiversity-areaAlliance-for-Zero-ExtinctionEDGE-speciesevolutionarily-distinctglobally-endangeredconservation-prioritizationsystematic-conservation-planningMarxanZonationconservation-opportunityconservation-costconservation-benefittrade-offsocioeconomic-factorstakeholder-engagementcommunity-based-conservationadaptive-managementmonitoring-programlong-term-studycitizen-sciencepublic-participationenvironmental-educationoutreachscience-communicationknowledge-transfercapacity-buildinginstitutional-strengtheningpolicy-developmentlegislationregulationenforcementcomplianceincentivepayment-for-ecosystem-servicescarbon-creditbiodiversity-offsetmitigation-bankingconservation-easementland-trustprivate-land-conservationconservation-covenantstewardshipsustainable-usesustainable-managementecosystem-based-managementintegrated-water-resources-managementbasin-managementcatchment-managementlandscape-managementseascape-managementconnectivity-conservationcorridorstepping-stonebuffer-zonematrix-managementcountryside-biogeographyreconciliation-ecologynovel-ecosystemdesigner-ecosystemecosystem-serviceprovisioning-serviceregulating-servicesupporting-servicecultural-servicefood-productionwater-supplyraw-materialsgenetic-resourcesmedicinal-resourcesornamental-resourcesair-quality-regulationclimate-regulationwater-regulationerosion-regulationwater-purificationwaste-treatmentdisease-regulationpest-regulationpollinationseed-dispersalhabitat-provisionnutrient-cyclingsoil-formationprimary-productionrecreationtourismaesthetic-valuespiritual-valueeducational-valuescientific-valueinspirationsense-of-placecultural-heritagetraditional-knowledgeindigenous-knowledgelocal-knowledgeecosystem-service-valuationeconomic-valuationcontingent-valuationchoice-experimentbenefit-transfertotal-economic-valueuse-valuenon-use-valuedirect-useindirect-useoption-valuebequest-valueexistence-valuewillingness-to-paywillingness-to-acceptcost-benefit-analysiscost-effectiveness-analysismulti-criteria-analysisdecision-supportuncertaintyrisk-assessmentscenario-analysissensitivity-analysisrobustness-analysisadaptive-capacityresiliencevulnerabilityexposuresensitivitycoping-capacitytransformationsocial-ecological-systemcomplex-adaptive-systemtipping-pointregime-shiftalternative-stable-statehysteresispath-dependencelegacy-effectslow-variablefast-variablepanarchyadaptive-cycleexploitationreleasereorganizationforesightanticipatory-governancetransformative-changesustainability-sciencefuture-earthinterdisciplinarytransdisciplinaryproblem-orientedsolution-orientedaction-orientedknowledge-co-productionboundary-workboundary-objectboundary-organizationscience-policy-interfacescience-society-interfaceknowledge-brokerageknowledge-exchangeknowledge-integrationmode-1-sciencemode-2-sciencetriple-helixquadruple-helixresponsible-innovationreflexive-governanceadaptive-governancecollaborative-governancepolycentric-governancenetwork-governanceself-organizationcollective-actioncommon-pool-resourcetragedy-of-the-commonssocial-dilemmainstitutional-analysisinstitutional-designOstrom-design-principlesmonitoringsanctioningconflict-resolutionnested-enterprisesproportionalitycollective-choiceconstitutional-choiceoperational-choicecollective-action-theorygame-theoryprisoner's-dilemmachicken-gameassurance-gamecoordination-gameevolutionary-game-theoryreplicator-dynamicsESSNash-equilibriumPareto-optimalitysocial-optimummarket-failuregovernment-failurevoluntary-failurenon-market-valuepublic-goodcommon-goodclub-goodprivate-goodrivalryexcludabilityfree-riderhold-up-problemmoral-hazardadverse-selectioninformation-asymmetrytransaction-costproperty-rightcommon-propertystate-propertyprivate-propertyhybrid-propertybundle-of-rightsusufructaccesswithdrawalalienationtenure-securityland-tenurewater-tenureresource-tenurecustomary-tenurestatutory-tenurelegal-pluralismde-factode-jureformalinformallegalitylegitimacyrecognitiondeviancecorruptionelite-capturesocial-capitalbonding-capitalbridging-capitallinking-capitaltrustreciprocityreputationsocial-networksocial-embeddednessstructural-holebrokerageclosurecohesiondensitycentralitybetweennessdegreeeigenvectorPageRanksmall-worldscale-freerandom-networkregular-networkhierarchical-networkmodularitycommunity-structureclusteringassortativityhomophilyheterophilypreferential-attachmentfitness-modelnetwork-evolutionnetwork-dynamicstemporal-networkmultilayer-networkmultiplex-networkbipartite-networkaffiliation-networkone-mode-networktwo-mode-networkadjacency-matrixedge-listgraph-theoryvertexedgenodelinktieconnectionpathcycletreeforestcomponentgiant-componentpercolationphase-transitioncriticalityself-organized-criticalitypower-lawheavy-tailPareto-distributionlognormal-distributionexponential-distributionPoisson-distributionbinomial-distributionnormal-distributionGaussian-distributionstatistical-distributionprobability-distributioncumulative-distributionprobability-density-functioncumulative-distribution-functionsurvival-functionhazard-functionmomentmeanmedianmodevariancestandard-deviationcoefficient-of-variationskewnesskurtosisquantilepercentiledecilequartileinterquartile-rangerangeminimummaximumoutlierrobust-statisticparametric-testnon-parametric-testhypothesis-testingnull-hypothesisalternative-hypothesissignificance-levelp-valueconfidence-intervaltype-I-errortype-II-errorstatistical-powereffect-sizesample-sizesampling-designexperimental-designobservational-studyquasi-experimentnatural-experimentrandomized-controlled-trialbefore-after-control-impactBACIimpact-assessmentenvironmental-impact-assessmentstrategic-environmental-assessmentcumulative-impact-assessmentsocial-impact-assessmenthealth-impact-assessmentlife-cycle-assessmentcarbon-footprintwater-footprintecological-footprintmaterial-flow-analysissubstance-flow-analysisenergy-analysisexergy-analysisemergy-analysisinput-output-analysisenvironmentally-extended-input-outputsocial-accounting-matrixcomputable-general-equilibriumagent-based-modelsystem-dynamics-modelBayesian-networkstructural-equation-modelpath-analysisfactor-analysisprincipal-component-analysiscluster-analysisdiscriminant-analysiscanonical-correspondence-analysisredundancy-analysisnon-metric-multidimensional-scalingordinationclassificationregression-analysislinear-regressionnonlinear-regressiongeneralized-linear-modelgeneralized-additive-modelmixed-effects-modelmultilevel-modelhierarchical-modelBayesian-hierarchical-modelstate-space-modelhidden-Markov-modeltime-series-analysisspatial-analysisgeostatisticskrigingvariogramspatial-autocorrelationMoran's-IGeary's-cGetis-Ord-Gilocal-indicator-of-spatial-associationLISAhot-spotcold-spotspatial-clusterspatial-outlieredge-effectboundary-effectmodifiable-areal-unit-problemMAUPecological-fallacyatomistic-fallacycross-scale-inferenceupscalingdownscalingscaling-lawallometric-scalingfractalfractal-dimensionself-similaritymulti-fractallacunarityroughnesstexturepatternprocesspattern-process-relationshipneutral-modelnull-modelrandomization-testpermutation-testbootstrapjackknifecross-validationmodel-averagingmodel-comparisoninformation-criterionBayesian-model-averagingensemble-modelingconsensus-modelpredictionforecastprojectionscenarionarrative-scenarioquantitative-scenariostorylineshared-socioeconomic-pathwayrepresentative-concentration-pathwayemission-scenarioclimate-scenarioimpact-scenarioadaptation-scenariomitigation-scenariotransformation-scenariobackcastingforecastingtrend-extrapolationexpert-judgmentDelphi-methodparticipatory-modelingstakeholder-analysisinfluence-diagramconceptual-modelmental-modelsystem-archetypeleverage-pointintervention-pointpolicy-instrumenteconomic-instrumentregulatory-instrumentvoluntary-instrumentinformation-instrumentmarket-based-instrumentcommand-and-control-instrumentsubsidytaxchargefeelevydeposit-refundtradable-permitemission-tradingcarbon-taxbiodiversity-bankingconditional-cash-transfercommunity-based-natural-resource-managementjoint-forest-managementco-managementadaptive-co-managementtransboundary-managementinternational-regimeglobal-governancemultilateral-environmental-agreementconventiontreatycartagena-protocolnagoya-protocolAichi-targetsustainable-development-goalSDGpost-2020-global-biodiversity-frameworkKunming-Montreal-global-biodiversity-framework30-by-30-targetnature-based-solutionNbSecosystem-based-adaptationecosystem-based-mitigationgreen-infrastructureblue-infrastructurenatural-infrastructurehybrid-infrastructureclimate-smart-agricultureclimate-smart-landscapeclimate-smart-developmentlow-carbon-developmentgreen-economycircular-economybioeconomyblue-economysustainable-consumptionsustainable-productionlife-cycle-thinkingcradle-to-cradleindustrial-ecologyindustrial-symbiosisurban-metabolismsocio-ecological-metabolismmaterial-intensityenergy-intensitycarbon-intensitydecouplingabsolute-decouplingrelative-decouplingresource-efficiencyeco-efficiencyeco-innovationgreen-technologyclean-technologyenvironmental-technologyappropriate-technologyparticipatory-technologytechnology-transfertechnology-diffusioninnovation-systemnational-innovation-systemsectoral-innovation-systemtechnological-innovation-systemsocio-technical-systemsocio-technical-transitionmulti-level-perspectiveniche-innovationregimelandscapetransition-managementstrategic-niche-managementtransition-experimentliving-labreal-world-laboratoryurban-living-labrural-living-labsustainability-transitionfundamental-changesystem-innovationdirectionalityreflexivityresponsivenessanticipationlearning-by-doingdoing-by-learningsocial-learningorganizational-learningpolicy-learningtransformative-capacitycapacity-developmentinstitutional-learningevolutionary-governanceinstitutional-changepath-dependencylock-incarbon-lock-intechnological-lock-ininstitutional-lock-inbehavioral-lock-incultural-lock-inunlockingdestabilizationphase-outdivestmentstranded-assetjust-transitiontransition-pathwaytransition-scenariodeep-decarbonizationnet-zerocarbon-neutralclimate-neutralnature-positivebiodiversity-positiverestoration-positiveregenerativecirculardoughnut-economicsplanetary-boundarysafe-operating-spaceenvironmental-ceilingsocial-foundationintergenerational-equityintragenerational-equitydistributive-justiceprocedural-justicerecognition-justiceenvironmental-justiceclimate-justiceenergy-justicewater-justicefood-justicespatial-justiceterritorial-justiceecological-justicespecies-justiceintersectionalityadaptationmitigationsustainabilitysustainable-developmentwell-beinghuman-developmentcapability-approachhuman-securityenvironmental-securityclimate-securitywater-securityfood-securityenergy-securitylivelihood-securitydisaster-risk-reductionclimate-change-adaptationclimate-change-mitigationloss-and-damageclimate-financegreen-climate-fundadaptation-fundglobal-environment-facilitybiodiversity-financenature-financeblended-financeimpact-investmentESGenvironmental-social-governancesustainable-financegreen-bondsocial-bondsustainability-bondblue-bondnature-bondbiodiversity-creditoffsetinsetnature-based-creditecosystem-service-creditpayment-for-resultsresults-based-paymentconditional-paymentperformance-based-paymentoutcome-based-paymentenvironmental-service-paymentPSAPESREDDREDD+AFOLULULUCFNAMANAMCNDCNAPNBSAPnational-adaptation-plannational-biodiversity-strategy-and-action-plannationally-determined-contributionnationally-appropriate-mitigation-actionintended-nationally-determined-contributionlong-term-low-emission-development-strategynet-zero-targetcarbon-budgetremaining-carbon-budgetemission-gapadaptation-gapfinance-gapimplementation-gapambition-loopratchet-mechanismglobal-stocktaketransparency-frameworkenhanced-transparency-frameworkcommon-but-differentiated-responsibilitiesrespective-capabilitiesclimate-equityclimate-litigationclimate-governanceclimate-diplomacyclimate-negotiationUNFCCCCOPCMPCMASBSTASBIIPCCIPBESUNCCDCBDCITESRamsarWorld-HeritageMan-and-the-BiosphereMABUNESCOFAOWHOILOUNDPUNEPUN-HabitatWorld-BankIMFWTOOECDGEFGCFAFmultilateral-development-bankregional-development-banknational-development-bankdevelopment-finance-institutionexport-credit-agencysovereign-wealth-fundpension-fundinsurance-companyasset-managerasset-ownercorporate-investorretail-investorimpact-investorphilanthropic-investordevelopment-partnerbilateral-donormultilateral-donorprivate-donorfoundationNGOCSOcivil-society-organizationnon-governmental-organizationcommunity-based-organizationindigenous-peoples-organizationwomen's-organizationyouth-organizationfaith-based-organizationresearch-organizationthink-tankuniversityacademic-institutionknowledge-institutioncapacity-building-institutiontraining-institutionextension-serviceadvisory-serviceconsulting-firmengineering-firmtechnology-providerequipment-supplierservice-providercontractoroperatormaintainerutilitymunicipalitylocal-governmentprovincial-governmentnational-governmentfederal-governmentministrydepartmentagencyauthoritycommissionboardcouncilcommitteeparliamentcongresslegislatureexecutivejudiciarymediajournalistreportereditorpublisherbroadcasterplatformsocial-mediainfluencercelebrityactivistadvocatecampaignermobilizerorganizernetworkerconnectorbridge-builderboundary-spannerknowledge-brokerscience-communicatorextension-agentdevelopment-practitionerpolicy-makerdecision-makerplannermanageradministratorleaderchampionentrepreneurinnovatorintrapreneursocial-entrepreneursystems-entrepreneurinstitutional-entrepreneurpolicy-entrepreneurpolitical-entrepreneurbusiness-modelbusiness-model-innovationsocial-businessinclusive-businessbase-of-pyramidfortune-at-bottom-of-pyramidshared-valuecreating-shared-valuestakeholder-capitalismpurpose-driven-businessB-Corpbenefit-corporationsocial-enterprisecooperativemutualassociationcollectivecommonscommoningpeer-productionopen-sourcecreative-commonsknowledge-commonsdigital-commonsdata-commonsgenetic-commonsseed-commonswater-commonsfisheries-commonsforest-commonspasture-commonsland-commonsurban-commonsatmospheric-commonsglobal-commonscommon-heritage-of-mankindcommon-concern-of-humankindrestorative-justicemultispecies-justicemore-than-humananthropocenecapitaloceneplantationocenechthulucenesymbiocenegood-anthropocenegreat-accelerationgreat-transformationgreat-decouplinggreat-convergencegreat-divergencegreat-fragmentationgreat-integrationgreat-transitiongreat-worklong-nowdeep-timefutures-thinkingfuture-studiesstrategic-foresightscenario-planningtrend-analysisweak-signalwild-cardblack-swangrey-rhinoblue-skygreen-swansystemic-changestructural-changecultural-changebehavioral-changeindividual-changecollective-changesocial-changeorganizational-changetechnological-changeeconomic-changepolitical-changeecological-changeplanetary-changeearth-system-changebiodiversity-changeocean-changecryosphere-changeatmospheric-changebiogeochemical-changenitrogen-cycle-changephosphorus-cycle-changecarbon-cycle-changewater-cycle-changehydrological-changesoil-changevegetation-changeecosystem-changelandscape-changeseascape-changebiosphere-changenoosphere-changetechnosphere-changeanthroposphere-changesociosphere-changeeconosphere-changepolitosphere-changeculturosphere-changesemiosphere-changeinfosphere-changedigisphere-changecybersphere-changeurban-sphere-changeagricultural-sphere-changeindustrial-sphere-changeextractive-sphere-changemanufacturing-sphere-changeservice-sphere-changefinancial-sphere-changeknowledge-sphere-changeinnovation-sphere-changecreativity-sphere-changeculture-sphere-changeidentity-sphere-changemeaning-sphere-changevalue-sphere-changepurpose-sphere-changevision-sphere-changemission-sphere-changestrategy-sphere-changetactic-sphere-changeoperation-sphere-changeaction-sphere-changepractice-sphere-changehabit-sphere-changeroutine-sphere-changeritual-sphere-changetradition-sphere-changecustom-sphere-changeconvention-sphere-changenorm-sphere-changerule-sphere-changelaw-sphere-changeregulation-sphere-changestandard-sphere-changeprotocol-sphere-changeprocedure-sphere-changeprocess-sphere-changesystem-sphere-changestructure-sphere-changefunction-sphere-changepattern-sphere-changedynamic-sphere-changestate-sphere-changephase-sphere-changeregime-sphere-changeequilibrium-sphere-changestability-sphere-changeinstability-sphere-changechaos-sphere-changeorder-sphere-changecomplexity-sphere-changesimplicity-sphere-changediversity-sphere-changeuniformity-sphere-changeheterogeneity-sphere-changehomogeneity-sphere-changevariation-sphere-changeinvariance-sphere-changechange-sphere-changecontinuity-sphere-changediscontinuity-sphere-changeemergence-sphere-changesubmergence-sphere-changeevolution-sphere-changedevolution-sphere-changerevolution-sphere-changeinvolution-sphere-changeconvolution-sphere-changeresolution-sphere-changedissolution-sphere-changeabsolution-sphere-changesolution-sphere-changeTriarius lividus
skeletonizing leaf beetle, flea beetle
Triarius lividus is a species of skeletonizing leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It occurs in Central America and North America, with documented presence from Arizona to western Texas. The species is characterized by skeletonizing feeding damage on host plants. It is one of relatively few species in the genus Triarius.
Trichodes apivorus
checkered beetle
Trichodes apivorus is a species of checkered beetle in the family Cleridae, native to Central and North America. It has been documented visiting flowers, including those of Sabal palmetto (cabbage palm) and Dionaea muscipula (Venus flytrap). The species is known to have two subspecies: T. a. apivorus and T. a. borealis. Its colorful appearance and flower-visiting behavior make it a notable subject for entomological observation.
Trichopepla semivittata
Broken-lined Stink Bug
Trichopepla semivittata is a species of stink bug in the family Pentatomidae. It occurs in Central and North America, with records from the United States including Vermont. The species is commonly known as the Broken-lined Stink Bug. It is a true bug (Hemiptera) with the characteristic shield-shaped body typical of the family.
Triepeolus mexicanus
cuckoo bee
Triepeolus mexicanus is a cleptoparasitic (cuckoo) bee in the family Apidae, subfamily Nomadinae. It belongs to the simplex species group of the genus Triepeolus, characterized by females having a trapezoidal or triangular pseudopygidial area with bright, reflective setae and a concave apical margin. The species is found in Central America and North America.
Trigonorhinus griseus
fungus weevil
Trigonorhinus griseus is a species of fungus weevil in the family Anthribidae, described by LeConte in 1876. The species is distributed across Central America and North America, with records from Canada (Alberta, Saskatchewan) through to the southern United States and into Central America. As a member of the fungus weevils, it is associated with fungal feeding habits, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented. The genus Trigonorhinus contains multiple species that can be challenging to distinguish without close examination.
Trigonorhinus tomentosus
Trigonorhinus tomentosus is a fungus weevil in the family Anthribidae, found in Central America and North America. The species was described by Say in 1826. Two subspecies are recognized: Trigonorhinus tomentosus andersoni Valentine and the nominate subspecies Trigonorhinus tomentosus tomentosus.
Trigonotylus pulcher
Trigonotylus pulcher is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Reuter in 1876. It is distributed across North America and Central America, with records from the southwestern United States including Arizona, Texas, and California, as well as broader regions of Middle America. As a member of the Miridae, it belongs to one of the largest families of true bugs, commonly known as plant bugs or leaf bugs.
Trimerotropis melanoptera
Black-winged Grasshopper
Trimerotropis melanoptera, commonly known as the black-winged grasshopper, is a band-winged grasshopper species in the family Acrididae. It was first described by McNeill in 1901. The species is found in Central America and North America, with specific distribution records from Mexico Northeast, Nebraska, and New Mexico. Like other members of the genus Trimerotropis, it belongs to the Oedipodinae subfamily, characterized by banded or colored hind wings.
Trimerotropis whitei
White's dune grasshopper
Trimerotropis whitei, commonly known as White's dune grasshopper, is a band-winged grasshopper described by Rentz and Weissman in 1984. The species belongs to the subfamily Oedipodinae, characterized by their banded hind wings. It is found in dune habitats in western North America and Central America.
Triplax errans
Red-winged Triplax
Triplax errans is a species of pleasing fungus beetle in the family Erotylidae. It has been recorded from Central America and North America. Like other members of its genus, it is likely associated with fungal fruiting bodies, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented.
Triplax wehrlei
pleasing fungus beetle
Triplax wehrlei is a species of pleasing fungus beetle in the family Erotylidae, described by Boyle in 1954. It belongs to a genus of small beetles associated with fungal habitats. The species is documented from Central America and North America, though specific ecological details remain poorly recorded in the available literature. Like other members of Triplax, it is presumed to inhabit mushroom fruiting bodies and related fungal substrates.
Trirhabda pubicollis
Trirhabda pubicollis is a skeletonizing leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, first described by Blake in 1951. The species belongs to a genus known for feeding on Asteraceae host plants. It occurs in Central America and North America, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented in the available literature.
Trixagus chevrolati
false click beetle
Trixagus chevrolati is a small false click beetle in the family Throscidae. The species is known from Central America and North America, with records extending into British Columbia, Canada. As a member of Throscidae, it belongs to a group of beetles commonly referred to as false click beetles due to their superficial resemblance to the click beetles (Elateridae), though they lack the prosternal spine and mesosternal notch that produce the characteristic clicking mechanism. The family Throscidae is relatively small and poorly studied compared to related families.
Tylosis oculatus
Tylosis oculatus is a species of longhorn beetle (Cerambycidae) described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1850. The specific epithet "oculatus" refers to eye-like markings, suggesting the species bears distinctive ocular patterns on its body. As a member of the subfamily Cerambycinae and tribe Trachyderini, it belongs to a group of robust, often strikingly marked longhorn beetles. The genus Tylosis is native to the Americas, with species distributed across North and Central America.
Ululodes quadripunctatus
Four-spotted Owlfly
Ululodes quadripunctatus, commonly known as the four-spotted owlfly, is a species of owlfly in the family Ascalaphidae and tribe Ululodini. The species is distributed across Central America and North America. Owlflies are neuropteran insects that share characteristics with both dragonflies and butterflies, possessing large eyes, many-veined wings, and long clubbed antennae.
Vacusus vicinus
Common Anthicid
Vacusus vicinus is a species of antlike flower beetle in the family Anthicidae. It has a broad geographic distribution spanning the Caribbean, Central America, North America, Oceania, and South America. The species is commonly encountered, with over 600 observations documented on iNaturalist.
Valenzuela croesus
lizard barklouse
Valenzuela croesus is a species of barklouse in the family Caeciliusidae, first described by Chapman in 1930. It belongs to the order Psocodea, a group of small, often overlooked insects commonly known as barklice or booklice. The species has been documented in parts of Central America and North America.
Valenzuela perplexus
lizard barklouse
Valenzuela perplexus is a species of lizard barklouse in the family Caeciliusidae, a group of small, winged insects commonly associated with bark and foliage habitats. The species was described by Chapman in 1930 and is distributed across Central America and North America, with records from Mexico. Like other members of the genus Valenzuela, it is likely associated with dead leaf and bark microhabitats. The specific epithet "perplexus" suggests taxonomic complexity in its original description.
Vanduzea albifrons
Vanduzea albifrons is a species of treehopper described by Fowler in 1895. It belongs to the family Membracidae, a group of insects known for their highly modified pronotum that often extends into elaborate projections. The species has been documented in North and Central America, with distribution records from California, Baja California, and Bocas del Toro. Like other treehoppers, it is presumed to feed on plant sap using piercing-sucking mouthparts, though specific host plant associations have not been documented in the available sources.
Vanduzea laeta
Vanduzea laeta is a small treehopper species in the family Membracidae, described by Frederic Webster Goding in 1893. Adults are active primarily from May through August. The species is recognized as a pest of common sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and other Helianthus species, feeding on plant sap. It is frequently confused with the related species V. segmentata.
Vazquezitocoris repletus
Vazquezitocoris repletus is a species of leaf-footed bug in the family Coreidae. The species was described by Van Duzee in 1925. It is known from the southwestern United States and Mexico.
Villa lateralis
Villa lateralis is a species of bee fly in the family Bombyliidae, characterized by distinctive yellow and black banding on the abdomen and yellow thoracic hair. The species is widely distributed across North America and Central America. Like other bee flies, it is a parasitoid, though specific host relationships for this species remain poorly documented.
Virbia marginata
Virbia marginata is a moth in the family Erebidae, subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Herbert Druce in 1885. The species is considered a synonym of Virbia rubicundaria in some taxonomic treatments, though this status appears unresolved across sources. Records indicate presence in parts of North America and Central America.
Xanthocampsomeris hesterae
Xanthocampsomeris hesterae is a scoliid wasp described by Rohwer in 1927. It is distributed from southern Mexico through Central America to northern South America, with records from Ecuador, Colombia, Costa Rica, Panama, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela. The species belongs to a genus characterized by yellow coloration, distinguishing it from related scoliid genera. Like other scoliids, it is likely a parasitoid of scarab beetle larvae, though specific host records for this species are not documented.
Xenochalepus ater
Xenochalepus ater is a species of leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It is found in Central America and North America, with records from the United States (Arizona, Texas) and Mexico (Guerrero, Jalisco, Morelos). The species has been recorded feeding on cultivated legumes including soybean (Glycine max) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Adults have also been collected on Robinia species, Rhamnus betulifolia, and Platanus wrightii.
Xeracris minimus
least desert grasshopper
Xeracris minimus, commonly known as the least desert grasshopper, is a species of slant-faced grasshopper in the family Acrididae. The species is found in Central America and North America. It belongs to a genus adapted to arid environments, as indicated by the genus name 'Xeracris' (from Greek xeros, dry, and Acris, a related grasshopper genus).
Xubida
Xubida is a genus of grass moths in the family Crambidae, subfamily Crambinae. The genus was established by Schaus in 1922 and contains approximately 20 described species distributed primarily in the Americas. Most species were described in the early 20th century based on specimens from the United States and Central America. The genus remains understudied, with limited ecological and biological information available for most species.
Xylobiops texanus
Texas Brown-shouldered Bostrichid
Xylobiops texanus is a species of horned powder-post beetle in the family Bostrichidae. It is distributed across the Caribbean, Central America, and North America. As a member of the powder-post beetles, it is associated with wood-boring habits typical of this family. The species was first described by Horn in 1878.
Xylocopa micheneri
Michener's Carpenter Bee
Xylocopa micheneri is a carpenter bee species in the family Apidae, described by Hurd in 1978. The species is distributed across Central America and North America. Two subspecies are recognized: X. m. micheneri and X. m. decipiens. As a member of the genus Xylocopa, it shares the characteristic wood-nesting behavior of carpenter bees, though specific biological details for this species remain limited in published literature.
Xylophanes falco
Falcon Sphinx
Xylophanes falco is a medium-sized sphinx moth in the family Sphingidae, commonly known as the Falcon Sphinx. It occurs from Central America through Mexico into the southwestern United States. Adults are distinguished from similar species by their pale brown-beige coloration, more falcate forewings, and sharply defined wing pattern lines. The species inhabits oak woodlands and riparian corridors.
Zabrotes chavesi
Zabrotes chavesi is a small leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, described by Kingsolver in 1980. The species was named in honor of Franklin Chaves, director of Santa Rosa National Park in Costa Rica, which serves as its type locality. It is distributed across the Americas from northern South America through Central America to the southwestern United States.
Zammara smaragdula
Sparse Emerald Cicada
Zammara smaragdula is a strikingly colored cicada species in the family Cicadidae, known for its vivid turquoise or emerald green coloration. The species was described by Francis Walker in 1858 and belongs to the genus Zammara, which contains several brightly colored Neotropical cicadas. It has been documented from multiple Central American countries including Panama and parts of South America. The species has gained attention in recent cicada literature due to its distinctive appearance among North American cicada fauna.
Zopherini
A tribe of beetles within the family Zopheridae, characterized by heavily sclerotized bodies and a primarily New World distribution. The tribe comprises multiple genera including Noserinus, Nosoderma, Phloeodes, Sesaspis, and Verodes. A 2008 phylogenetic analysis revised the generic classification, elevated Sesaspis from synonymy, and described two new Central American species.
Zopherus championi
Zopherus championi is a species of ironclad beetle in the family Zopheridae. It was described by Triplehorn in 1972 and occurs in Central America and North America. Like other members of the genus Zopherus, it is adapted to wood-boring and possesses the heavily sclerotized exoskeleton characteristic of ironclad beetles.
Zopherus granicollis
ironclad beetle
Zopherus granicollis is a species of ironclad beetle in the family Zopheridae, characterized by exceptionally hard, fused elytra that make specimens notoriously difficult to pin. The species occurs in Central America and North America, with two recognized subspecies: Z. g. granicollis and Z. g. ventriosus. Like other members of the genus, it exhibits nocturnal activity on tree trunks, though specific behavioral details for this species remain poorly documented.
Zopherus nodulosus
Ironclad beetle
Zopherus nodulosus is a species of ironclad beetle in the family Zopheridae, named for the nodular bumps on its dorsal surface. The species occurs in Central America and North America, with recognized subspecies including Z. n. haldemani (Texas ironclad beetle) and Z. n. nodulosus. These beetles possess exceptionally hardened exoskeletons that make them notoriously difficult to pin, a trait shared with other members of the genus Zopherus.
Zopherus tristis
ironclad beetle
Zopherus tristis is a species of ironclad beetle in the family Zopheridae. The species is characterized by an exceptionally dense, well-armored exoskeleton that makes specimens difficult to pin for collection. It occurs in Central America and North America. The family Zopheridae was formerly classified within Tenebrionidae (darkling beetles) but is now recognized as distinct.
Zygoballus rufipes
Hammer-jawed Jumping Spider
Zygoballus rufipes is a small jumping spider distributed from Canada through the United States to Central America. Adult females measure 4.3–6 mm in body length, while males are smaller at 3–4 mm. Males exhibit body-size dimorphism with two distinct size classes, a trait linked to alternative life-history strategies. The species was first described from Guatemala in 1885 and later synonymized with Z. bettini in 1980.