Rare-species

Guides

• Acmaeodera gillespiensis

  Acmaeodera gillespiensis is a metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, described by Knull in 1941. The species is a west Texas specialty with scattered records extending into southeastern New Mexico. It has been documented on flowers of Echinocereus enneacanthus (strawberry cactus) and Opuntia camanchica (tulip pricklypear cactus), suggesting adult association with blooming cacti. Records indicate activity in late May to early June.

  BuprestidaeAcmaeoderawest-Texas-endemiccactus-flower-visitorjewel-beetlemetallic-wood-boring-beetlerare-speciesNew-Mexico-record

• Acmaeodera horni

  Acmaeodera horni is a rare species of jewel beetle in the family Buprestidae, described by Fall in 1899. It has been documented from the Dragoon Mountains of southeastern Arizona, where adults have been found on flowers of Fallugia paradoxa (Apache plum). The species is considered one of the rarest Acmaeodera in North America, with very few collection records and observations.

  Buprestidaejewel-beetlerare-speciesArizona-endemicFallugia-paradoxaDragoon-MountainsNearctic

• Acmaeodera recticolloides

  Acmaeodera recticolloides is a species of jewel beetle in the family Buprestidae, described by Richard L. Westcott in 1971. It belongs to the large genus Acmaeodera, which contains over 150 species in North America. The species is placed in the nominate subgenus Acmaeodera (s. str.) within the subtribe Acmaeoderina. Like other members of this genus, it is likely associated with flowers as an adult, though specific biological details remain poorly documented. The species is considered rare in collections, with limited occurrence records.

  jewel-beetlerare-speciesNearcticflower-visiting-beetledesiderata-speciesTruncatae-group

• Acmaeodera riograndei

  Acmaeodera riograndei is a rarely collected species of metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae. First described by Nelson in 1980, this species was historically known only from the Big Bend region of Texas. In May 2022, it was documented from Val Verde County, Texas, representing a significant range extension. Adults have been observed feeding on flowers of Echinocereus enneacanthus carnosus (strawberry cactus) in dry, rocky canyon habitats. The species appears to be active during late spring and early summer, with adults flying to cactus flowers during hot daytime conditions.

  BuprestidaeAcmaeoderarare-speciescactus-associatedTexas-endemicmetallic-wood-boring-beetle

• Acmaeodera starrae

  Acmaeodera starrae is a species of metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, described by Knull in 1966. The species is found in North America, with documented occurrences in Texas and New Mexico. Based on field observations, adults are known to visit flowers of Echinocereus enneacanthus carnosus (strawberry cactus) and other low-growing desert plants. The species is considered rare and is infrequently encountered by collectors.

  Buprestidaemetallic-wood-boring-beetleChihuahuan-Desertcactus-flower-visitorrare-speciesTexas-endemic

• Acmaeoderoides distinctus

  Acmaeoderoides distinctus is a small jewel beetle (family Buprestidae) described by Gayle H. Nelson in 1968. It belongs to the genus Acmaeoderoides, a group of North American buprestids characterized by their compact body form and association with woody vegetation. The species occurs in shortgrass prairie habitats in the western Great Plains. Like other members of its family, it likely develops in dead or dying wood, though specific host records remain undocumented. The genus is taxonomically significant as one of the more derived lineages within the Acmaeoderini.

  BuprestidaePolycestinaeAcmaeoderinijewel-beetleprairie-beetleNebraska-faunaNorth-American-endemicrare-speciesGayle-H.-Nelson1968-description

• Acmaeoderopsis rockefelleri

  Acmaeoderopsis rockefelleri is a species of metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae. It occurs in arid regions of the southwestern United States and Mexico. The species is associated with mesquite (Prosopis) and acacia (Acacia) host plants, where adults have been collected by beating vegetation.

  metallic-wood-boring-beetlejewel-beetledesert-beetlesand-dune-faunaProsopis-associaterare-speciesNearcticNeotropic

• Acsala anomala

  Rockslide Lichen Moth

  Acsala anomala, commonly known as the Rockslide Lichen Moth, is a rare and poorly known species of lichen moth in the family Erebidae. It represents the sole member of its genus and the monotypic tribe Acsalina. The species is endemic to Alaska, where it inhabits rocky alpine environments. Its biology and ecology remain largely undocumented due to its restricted range and apparent rarity.

  lichen-mothAlaska-endemicalpine-insectrare-speciesmonotypic-genusrockslide-habitatErebidaeArctiinaeunderstudied-species

• Aegomorphus morrisii

  Aegomorphus morrisii is a species of longhorn beetle (Cerambycidae) in the subfamily Lamiinae. The species was described by Uhler in 1855 and has been considered rare and poorly known, with few specimens historically available in collections. It has been documented in Mississippi, where it was found in Noxubee National Wildlife Refuge. The species belongs to a genus of moderate-sized longhorn beetles, though specific ecological details remain limited due to its apparent rarity.

  CerambycidaeLamiinaeAcanthoderinilonghorn-beetlerare-speciesMississippiNoxubee-National-Wildlife-Refuge

• Agnorisma bollii

  Square-spotted Dart

  Agnorisma bollii is a noctuid moth known from a disjunct distribution in eastern and central North America. The species is considered rare across its range, with populations occurring west of the Appalachian Mountains and in the Chesapeake Bay region. Adults are active in late summer and autumn. The larval host plant remains unknown.

  NoctuidaeNoctuinaemothNorth-Americarare-species

• Agoliinus incommunis

  Agoliinus incommunis is a species of small scarab beetle in the subfamily Aphodiinae, originally described by Fall in 1932. The species is documented from mountainous regions of western North America, with records spanning from British Columbia south to New Mexico. As a member of the Aphodiini tribe, it belongs to a group commonly known as small dung beetles, though specific ecological details for this species remain poorly documented. The species name "incommunis" (Latin for "uncommon" or "not shared") may allude to its rarity or restricted distribution.

  dung-beetleAphodiinaeNearcticmontanescarabaeidaecoleopterawestern-north-americafall-1932aphodiinirare-speciesendemicrocky-mountains

• Agrilus fuscipennis

  persimmon agrilus

  Agrilus fuscipennis, commonly known as the persimmon agrilus, is a relatively large and striking jewel beetle distinguished by its vivid red pronotum and black elytra. It is among the most seldom encountered members of its genus in Missouri and surrounding regions. Unlike most Agrilus species, which develop in dead wood, A. fuscipennis mines the lower trunks, crown, and main roots of living persimmon trees. The species is rarely collected, with most records consisting of single specimens beaten from host plants.

  Buprestidaejewel-beetlewood-boring-beetlepersimmonDiospyrosrare-speciesliving-host-specialistMissouriNorth-AmericaTed-MacRae

• Anotia fitchi

  ball-nosed planthopper

  Anotia fitchi is a rare, flightless or weakly-flying planthopper species endemic to North American tallgrass prairies. Adults measure less than 5 mm in length but can leap up to 35 inches—approximately 250 times their body length—making them among the most prodigious jumpers relative to size in the insect world. The species was historically known from scattered records across 16 U.S. states and Ontario, Canada, but 90% of all collected specimens come from a single 12-year study in Iowa prairies. Its distinctive inflated, spherical beak may function in intraspecific communication.

  prairie-endemicrare-speciesjumping-insecthost-specialistconservation-concernwing-polymorphismfire-adapted

• Apachekolos scapularis

  Hairy-footed Pixie

  Apachekolos scapularis is a species of robber fly (family Asilidae) described by Bigot in 1878. It was originally described as Leptogaster scapularis before being transferred to the genus Apachekolos. The species has been recorded from only a handful of observations, indicating it is either rare, poorly sampled, or restricted to specific habitats. As a member of the Asilidae, it is a predatory fly that likely hunts other insects.

  robber-flyAsilidaeDipterapredatory-flyrare-species

• Aphaenogaster umphreyi

  Aphaenogaster umphreyi is a rarely collected ant species in the genus Aphaenogaster, described in 1998 from Florida. The species belongs to a genus predominantly consisting of ground-nesting species in eastern temperate forests. Like its congener A. mariae, it may exhibit arboreal nesting habits, though this has not been confirmed. The species remains poorly known due to limited collection records.

  antsHymenopteraFormicidaerare-speciesFlorida-endemicpoorly-known-speciesAphaenogasterMyrmicinaeStenammini1998-descriptionDeyrup-&-Davis

• Araeoschizus airmeti

  Araeoschizus airmeti is a species of darkling beetle in the family Tenebrionidae, described by Tanner in 1945. It belongs to the genus Araeoschizus, a group of beetles found in arid and semi-arid regions of western North America. The species is known from very few observations, suggesting it may be rare, geographically restricted, or under-collected. Like other members of its family, it likely inhabits dry environments and exhibits nocturnal or crepuscular activity patterns.

  darkling-beetledesert-beetlerare-speciesunder-collected

• Bembidion laxatum

  Bembidion laxatum is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae, described by Casey in 1918. The species is known from North America, with distribution records from Canada and the United States. Very little is known about its biology or ecology due to apparent rarity and limited collection records.

  CarabidaeBembidionground-beetleNorth-Americarare-speciesColeoptera

• Bembidion palosverdes

  Palos Verdes Minute Intertidal Beetle

  Bembidion palosverdes is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae, described by Kavanaugh & Erwin in 1992. It is endemic to the Palos Verdes area of California, USA. The species is known as the Palos Verdes Minute Intertidal Beetle, reflecting its apparent association with intertidal or coastal habitats. Like other members of the genus Bembidion, it is presumed to be a small predatory beetle, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented.

  beetleground-beetleCarabidaeCalifornia-endemicintertidalcoastalrare-speciesdata-deficient

• Blepharepium sonorensis

  Sonora Hanging Thief

  Blepharepium sonorensis is a species of robber fly in the family Asilidae, commonly known as the Sonora Hanging Thief. It was described by Papavero & Bernardi in 1973. The species belongs to the genus Blepharepium, which is characterized by distinctive predatory behaviors typical of robber flies. As with other Asilidae, this species is likely an aerial predator of other insects. Very few observations of this species have been recorded, with only 3 documented observations in iNaturalist as of the available data.

  robber-flyAsilidaeDipterapredatory-flyrare-speciesSonoraMexicoinsect-predatoraerial-hunterPapavero-1973Bernardi-1973BlepharepiumSonora-Hanging-Thiefundocumented-biologydata-deficientobservationally-scarcetaxonomically-synonymizedBlepharepium-sonorense

• Blera pictipes

  Painted Wood Fly

  Blera pictipes is a rare syrphid fly (family Syrphidae) distributed across the eastern and central United States. Adults are medium-sized hoverflies with distinctive yellow and black abdominal markings and yellow-banded legs. The species exhibits rat-tailed larval morphology typical of related genera, with larvae developing in rot holes and on exuding sap of trees. First described by Bigot in 1884, it remains infrequently encountered despite its relatively broad geographic range.

  hoverflysyrphidaerat-tailed-larvawoodlandsap-feedingrare-speciespollinator

• Blera robusta

  Greenish Wood Fly

  A rare Nearctic syrphid fly first described by Curran in 1922. Adults are known as flower flies, feeding on nectar and pollen. Larvae are rat-tailed type, developing in exuding sap or rot holes of trees. The species is considered uncommon throughout its range.

  Syrphidaehoverflyflower-flywoodlandsap-feeding-larvaeNearcticrare-species

• Bohartia martini

  Brown Longhorn Robber

  Bohartia martini is a species of robber fly in the family Asilidae, described in 1975 by Adisoemarto and Wood. It belongs to a genus named in honor of the entomologist Richard M. Bohart. As a member of the Asilidae family, it is presumed to share the predatory habits characteristic of robber flies, though specific biological details for this species remain poorly documented. The species is recognized as valid and accepted in major taxonomic databases.

  robber-flyAsilidaeDipterapredatory-flyrare-speciesundocumented-biology

• Brachyopa notata

  Black-banded Sapeater

  Brachyopa notata is a rare species of syrphid fly (hoverfly) found in northeastern North America. Adults are flower-visiting insects that obtain nectar and pollen from flowers. The species is poorly documented, with only 25 observations recorded on iNaturalist. Larval development remains undescribed for this species, though related members of the genus Brachyopa possess rat-tailed larvae adapted to aquatic or semi-aquatic environments.

  DipteraSyrphidaehoverflyflower-flyrare-speciesNorth-America

• Buprestis striata

  Striated Jewel Beetle

  Buprestis striata is a species of metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, commonly known as the Striated Jewel Beetle. It is found in the Caribbean and North America. The species belongs to the subgenus Cypriacis, recognizable by its strongly ribbed elytra with alternate intervals depressed and heavily punctate. It has been documented from Virginia pine (Pinus virginiana) in Tennessee, where it occurs on bluff tops alongside other rare buprestid species.

  jewel-beetlemetallic-wood-boring-beetlepine-associatedsubgenus-Cypriacisrare-speciesTennessee-endemic-association

• Calephelis

  metalmarks, metalmark butterflies

  Calephelis is a genus of metalmark butterflies in the family Riodinidae, comprising 54 species distributed across the Americas. Eleven species occur in the Nearctic region and 43 in the Neotropical realm. The genus includes both widespread and highly localized species, with some like C. borealis being globally rare and declining due to habitat loss.

  LepidopteraRiodinidaemetalmarksNeotropicalNearcticbutterflieswoodland-speciesrare-speciesCalephelis-borealisconservation-concern

• Callophrys irus

  Frosted Elfin

  Callophrys irus, the frosted elfin, is a rare Lycaenid butterfly endemic to fire-maintained habitats in eastern North America. Adults are small with brown forewings and frosted gray hindwings with a short tail. The species has declined across much of its range, with many populations now isolated and some presumed extirpated. It is listed as threatened or endangered in multiple eastern U.S. states.

  butterflyLycaenidaerare-speciesfire-maintained-habitatconservationunivoltineearly-successionalsandplainFabaceae-herbivore

• Cemolobus ipomoeae

  Cemolobus ipomoeae is a rarely encountered specialist bee in the family Apidae, tribe Eucerini. It is known for its obligate association with morning glory plants (Ipomoea), particularly Ipomoea pandurata. The species was first recorded in Mississippi in 2017, representing a significant southwestern range expansion from its previously documented distribution. As a pollen and nectar specialist, this bee plays a specific role in the pollination of its host plants.

  specialist-beepollinatorrange-expansionrare-speciesmorning-gloryIpomoeaEucerinilong-horned-beeoligolectic

• Chalcosyrphus metallifer

  Orange-horned Leafwalker

  Chalcosyrphus metallifer, commonly known as the Orange-horned Leafwalker, is a rare species of syrphid fly found in the Eastern United States. Adults are typically observed on flowers, where they feed on nectar and pollen. The species belongs to the subgenus Xylotomima within the genus Chalcosyrphus, a group whose larvae are associated with decaying wood rather than the aphid predation typical of many hoverflies.

  rare-speciessaprophagous-larvaewood-associatedflower-visitorpollinatorEastern-United-States

• Chloridea subflexa

  Subflexus Straw Moth

  Chloridea subflexa is a noctuid moth first described by Achille Guenée in 1852. It is the sibling species of the tobacco budworm (Chloridea virescens), from which it is distinguished by host plant specialization. The species is notably rare compared to its widespread congener and feeds exclusively on ground cherry (Physalis spp., Solanaceae). It has been recorded across a broad geographic range from the United States through the Antilles to Argentina.

  NoctuidaeLepidopteramothspecialist-herbivoreSolanaceaeground-cherrysibling-speciesrare-speciesNew-World-distribution

• Chlosyne gabbii

  Gabb's Checkerspot

  Chlosyne gabbii is a rare checkerspot butterfly endemic to California. Adults have a wingspan of 32–45 mm with bright orange-brown and black checkered uppersides; females are lighter than males. The species is threatened throughout its range and is known from only a small geographic area in the western United States.

  butterflycheckerspotendemicthreatenedCaliforniaNymphalidaeMelitaeinirare-speciesconservation-concern

• Chrysobothris knulli

  Knull's Chrysobothris

  Chrysobothris knulli is a species of metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae. It was described by Nelson in 1975 and is known from Central America and North America. The species is named in honor of Josef Knull, a prominent American entomologist who specialized in Buprestidae. Like other members of the genus, it is associated with woody plants, though specific host records remain limited.

  metallic-wood-boring-beetlejewel-beetleJosef-Knullrare-specieswood-borer

• Chrysosyrphus latus

  Variable Wrinklehead

  Chrysosyrphus latus, commonly known as the Variable Wrinklehead, is a rare syrphid fly species first described by Loew in 1863. The species is found in the eastern United States and is widespread across Canada. Adults are associated with flowers where they feed on nectar and pollen. The larval stage remains undescribed.

  rare-speciesundescribed-larvaeflower-visitorpollinator

• Chyphotes cooki

  Chyphotes cooki is a species of wasp in the family Chyphotidae, a group of small, solitary wasps within the order Hymenoptera. The genus Chyphotes is part of the Bradynobaenidae sensu lato, a lineage of aculeate wasps that are poorly studied and rarely encountered. Records of this species are extremely limited, with only two observations documented on iNaturalist. The biology and ecology of Chyphotes cooki remain largely unknown due to its rarity and the secretive habits typical of chyphotid wasps.

  HymenopteraChyphotidaeBradynobaenidaevespoid-waspssolitary-waspsrare-speciesdata-deficient

• Cicindela nebraskana

  Prairie Long-lipped Tiger Beetle, Black-bellied Tiger Beetle

  Cicindela nebraskana is a small tiger beetle endemic to the Great Plains of western North America. The species is distinguished by its elongated labrum (upper lip), which gives adults a notably long-faced appearance compared to congeners. Males possess bright white labrum and mandibles, while females show partially or completely dark mouthparts. The species is considered rare and has been documented at very few localities despite its relatively broad geographic range.

  tiger-beetleCicindelidaeGreat-Plainsshortgrass-prairierare-speciesendemicpredatory-beetle

• Cixius yufengi

  Cixius yufengi is a species of planthopper in the family Cixiidae, described by Tsaur in 1993. The species belongs to a genus of small, often inconspicuous insects that feed on plant sap. Very little specific information is available about this particular species.

  planthopperCixiidaeCalifornia-endemicTsaur-1993AuchenorrhynchaFulgoromorphasap-feederHemipterainsectarthropodHexapodaAnimaliaEukaryotaDelphacoideaCixiinaeCixiiniCixiusspeciesacceptedGBIFCatalogue-of-LifetaxonomydistributionCaliforniaUSAUnited-StatesNorth-Americaendemicinvertebratehemipterantrue-bugbuginsectaanimalhexapodeukaryotearthropodacixius-yufengiyufengiTsaur1993scientific-namecanonical-nameauthorshiprankstatusgenusspecific-epithetclassificationtaxonomy-matchexactkingdomphylumclassorderfamilydistribution-recordsBuglifeendemic-speciesBritish-endemicsIvell's-Sea-AnemoneEdwardsia-ivelliWidewater-LagoonSussexextinctlikely-extinctnot-seen-in-over-forty-years19731983dance-flyPoecilobothrus-majesticusEssex1907Caledonian-PlanthopperCixius-caledonicusnot-seen-for-70-yearsManx-Shearwater-FleaCeratophyllus-fionnus1960sTurk's-Earth-CentipedeNothogeophilus-turkiIsles-of-ScillyIsle-of-Wight1988never-seen-againconservationJames-Harding-MorrisbookBritish-endemic-invertebratesCraig-MacadamCeltic-WoodlouseMetatrichoniscoides-celticusWaleswestern-fringes-of-England1980sChater's-BristletailDilta-chateriiridescentjumping-powers1990sLundy-Cabbage-Flea-BeetlePsylliodes-luridipennisLundy-IslandDevonco-endemismLundy-Cabbageendemic-plantLundy-Cabbage-WeevilCeutorhynchus-contractus-pallipestaxonomic-uncertaintyHorrid-Ground-weaverNothophantes-horridusPlymouthdevelopmentNorthern-February-Red-StoneflyBrachyptera-putataScotlanddrummingabdomen-tappingBritish-Cave-ShrimpNiphargus-glennieiblindghostly-palecavesdamp-rock-fissurestemporary-puddleshumid-cavesrediscoveredprotectedsurvivalconservation-prioritiesglobal-responsibilityevolutionary-twistsecological-intriguehopenatural-heritageBack-from-the-BrinkRSPBBig-Garden-BirdwatchBSBINew-Year-Plant-Huntplantswildlifenaturecommunicationspublic-engagementcampaignsrare-speciesobscure-speciesoverlooked-speciesirreplaceable-specieslocal-wondersglobal-stakesisolationthousands-of-yearsmillions-of-yearsevolutionlandscapesRed-SquirrelHedgehogEuropeshared-speciesnowhere-elseno-backupno-second-chancescelebrationprotectioncherishrecogniseawarenesshabitat-protectionresearchforgotten-creaturesspotlightslipping-through-the-cracksunknown-to-publicrarely-surveyedbarely-hanging-onalready-goneuncomfortable-truthimportant-speciesleast-knownstrangedeeply-unsettlingsole-global-responsibilitylose-them-everywhereorganisationsfighting-to-changeextraordinary-workrarestmost-threatenedentirely-overlookedforgottenevolvedstep-with-Britain's-landscapesfamiliar-speciesshare-with-Europepopulation-overseasreintroducelose-themwrittenjourneyoverlookedirreplaceablefound-nowhere-else-on-Earthcall-to-recogniseprotectuniquely-oursavailable-nowbooksellersspecies-found-nowhere-else-on-Earthpassionate-nature-enthusiastlifelong-loveexploringnatural-worldtrekkingmountainsrare-flowersscouringfenselusive-mothsinvestigatingexotic-invertebrateshothousesfascinationunwaveringprofessional-lifeconservation-sectorhigh-impact-campaignsinspiredEngland's-rarestmost-obscure-speciesmissionBritain-and-Irelandfall-in-love-with-plantsSHAREFacebookLinkedInguest-blogauthorhow-many-speciesfound-only-in-Britainsimple-questioncomprehensive-listresearchingwriting2022referenceburied-in-booksscattered-across-internettucked-awayminds-of-species-expertsresultover-700-speciesat-least-another-100-subspeciesoccur-nowhere-else-on-Earthtotal-global-responsibilityvery-few-peoplename-even-a-single-onestruckmost-irreplaceable-specieslive-or-diedecisions-made-within-our-borderstop-of-conservation-prioritiescelebratedunderstoodset-outtell-their-storiesunique-invertebratesincredibly-fortunateBuglife's-Conservation-Directorfirst-timecompiling-report20-speciesfive-species-of-flyfour-species-of-beetletwo-stonefliesone-eachwoodlousecentipedemillipedefleabristletailspidershrimpsea-anemonetell-storiesgo-out-and-find-thempicked-fivetrack-downbumped-intocouple-moresearched-under-coastal-rocksexquisitepearly-translucenttiny-speciesbarely-2.5mm-longfirst-discoveredknown-only-from-Walesnearbysearched-dampferny-woodlandsalien-lookingastonishing-jumping-powersnamed-new-to-sciencetravelledDevon's-Lundy-Islandtry-and-seeparticularly-rare-pairingonly-known-exampleendemic-beetlepossibly-endemicspend-their-liveswintry-visitsearchelusive-and-threatenedfound-in-just-a-few-siteswithin-the-cityperpetually-under-pressureowes-its-survivaltireless-effortsguided-tourprime-Northern-February-Red-Stoneflyhabitatblew-my-mindmusical-prowessstoneflies-'drum'tapping-their-abdomensslithering-through-tightmuddyunderground-tunnelspersonal-favouriteutterly-gorgeousspends-its-lifechance-searchDevon-coastfirst-sightingalmost-thirty-yearsones-we've-lostimmediately-drawnonly-ever-knownunfortunatelyCraig's-reporthasn't-been-seenover-forty-yearsfirst-collectedlast-seenwithin-a-decadeknowing-this-species-existedgone-foreversadlynot-uncommon-themeendemic-invertebratesdiscoveredhasn't-been-foundover-a-century70-yearsdon't-think-anyonespottedsince-the-1960snot-long-afterfirst-describedfirst-foundstrange-and-uncomfortable-truthsome-of-the-most-important-speciesalso-some-of-the-least-knownby-definitionBritain's-sole-global-responsibilitylose-them-heredespite-that-significancethankfullyorganisations-fightingraising-awarenessrarest-and-most-threatenedotherwise-remainleading-edge-researchevolved-in-stepBritain's-landscapesthousandsunlike-more-familiar-speciesno-population-overseasnowhere-to-reintroducewhy-I-wrote-Endemicutterly-uniquemosseswoodlicebeetlesbuttercupsstories-full-ofright-attentionactionstill-be-savedheld-onpossiblewithin-our-reachall-good-booksellersoverlooked-and-irreplaceableBacks-Goldilocks-ButtercupHeather-StuckeyAbout-the-Authortrekking-up-mountainsscouring-fensinvestigating-exotic-invertebratesfascination-with-wildlifeRSPB's-Big-Garden-BirdwatchBSBI's-New-Year-Plant-HuntBack-from-the-Brink-projectcare-deeplycurrentlyensure-everyoneopportunitywork-with-BSBISHARE-ON

• Conozoa clementina

  San Clemente grasshopper

  Conozoa clementina, the San Clemente grasshopper, is a species of band-winged grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It was described by Rentz and Weissman in 1981. The species is endemic to San Clemente Island, California, and is considered a rare and localized taxon with limited available ecological data.

  endemicisland-speciesband-winged-grasshopperrare-speciesChannel-Islands

• Cotalpa subcribrata

  Cotalpa subcribrata is a scarab beetle described by Wickham in 1905. It belongs to the genus Cotalpa within the family Scarabaeidae. Very few observations of this species exist in public databases, suggesting it is either rare, poorly sampled, or restricted to specific habitats. The genus Cotalpa includes species commonly known as goldsmith beetles, though this common name is more frequently applied to Cotalpa lanigera.

  scarab-beetlegoldsmith-beetleScarabaeidaerare-speciesdata-deficient

• Cotinis boylei

  South Texas Coastal Cotinis

  Cotinis boylei is a flower chafer beetle in the subfamily Cetoniinae, placed in the subgenus Criniflava within the genus Cotinis. It is known from coastal Texas and appears to be a rare species with very few documented observations. The species was described by Goodrich in 1966.

  ScarabaeidaeCetoniinaeCotinisflower-chaferTexas-endemicrare-speciesCriniflava

• Cychrus tuberculatus

  tuberculate rare snail-eating beetle

  Cychrus tuberculatus is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Carabinae, commonly known as the tuberculate rare snail-eating beetle. First described by T.W. Harris in 1839, this species is notable for its specialized diet of snails and its brachypterous (short-winged), nocturnal adults. It inhabits coniferous forests, forest clearings, and moraines in western North America, with documented populations in British Columbia, Quebec, California, Oregon, and Washington. The species is considered rare and has specific habitat requirements tied to forested environments.

  ground-beetlesnail-predatorbrachypterousnocturnalconiferous-forestrare-specieswestern-North-AmericaCychrinispecialized-predator

• Cynaeus depressus

  Cynaeus depressus is a species of darkling beetle in the family Tenebrionidae, first described by Horn in 1870. The species is characterized by its dorsoventrally flattened body form, an adaptation that distinguishes it within the genus. Distribution records indicate presence in Mexico, Norway, and Sweden, though the species appears to be rare or poorly collected based on limited observation data. The specific epithet "depressus" refers to this flattened body morphology.

  Tenebrionidaedarkling-beetleflattened-bodyHolarcticrare-species

• Cyrtopogon basingeri

  Cyrtopogon basingeri is a species of robber fly in the family Asilidae, described by Wilcox and Martin in 1936. As a member of the genus Cyrtopogon, it belongs to a group of predatory flies known for their aerial hunting behavior. The species is documented from limited observations, with records in iNaturalist indicating very few confirmed sightings. Robber flies in this genus are typically associated with open, sunny habitats where they perch and ambush prey.

  robber-flyAsilidaepredatory-flyColorado-endemicrare-speciesunderdocumented

• Cyrtopogon beameri

  Cyrtopogon beameri is a species of robber fly in the family Asilidae, described by Wilcox & Martin in 1936. The genus Cyrtopogon belongs to the subfamily Asilinae, a group of predatory flies known for their agile flight and prey capture behavior. As a member of this genus, C. beameri likely exhibits the characteristic features of Cyrtopogon species, including a slender body form and specific wing venation patterns. The species is known from very few observations, with only two records documented in iNaturalist as of the available data.

  Asilidaerobber-flyDipterapredatory-flyCyrtopogonNorth-Americarare-speciesunderdocumented

• Ditomyiidae

  Ditomyiidae is a small family of fungus-feeding flies (Diptera: Nematocera) comprising approximately 90 described species. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution excluding the Afrotropical Region, with highest diversity in the Australasian and Neotropical realms. European representation is limited to two genera: Ditomyia in Central Europe and Symmerus in Northern Europe. The family was historically treated as part of Mycetophilidae sensu lato but is now recognized as distinct based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence.

  fungus-gnatsmycophagyforest-insectsrare-speciesEuropeAustralasiaNeotropics

• Dolbogene hartwegii

  Hartweg's Sphinx

  Dolbogene hartwegii is a rare sphinx moth (Sphingidae) found from the southwestern United States through Mexico to Guatemala. The species was originally described as Dolba hartwegii in 1875. Few specimens have been collected, and its biology remains poorly documented.

  Sphingidaesphinx-mothhawkmothrare-speciesNearcticNeotropical

• Elymana pacifica

  Elymana pacifica is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, described by Hamilton in 1985. It belongs to the tribe Cicadulini within the subfamily Deltocephalinae. The species is known from western North America, with records from British Columbia, Canada. Like other members of its family, it is a phloem-feeding insect associated with grasses and other plants.

  leafhopperCicadellidaeDeltocephalinaeCicadulinigrasslandBritish-ColumbiaCanadaphloem-feederplant-hopperAuchenorrhynchaHemipteraInsectaArthropodaAnimalia1985HamiltonElymanaElymana-pacificaPacificwestern-North-Americaphloem-feedingsap-feedingplant-feedinggrassland-insectmeadow-insectprairie-insectfield-insectagricultural-pestvectorplant-disease-vectorvirus-vectorphytoplasma-vectorbacteria-vectorplant-pathogen-vectorcrop-pestpasture-pestrangeland-pestnative-speciesendemic-speciesrare-speciesuncommon-speciesdata-deficientpoorly-knownunderstudiedtaxonomysystematicsentomologyhemipterologycicadellidologybioinformaticsbiodiversitybiogeographyconservationecologyevolutionphylogeneticsgeneticsmolecular-biologybiochemistryphysiologymorphologyanatomyhistologyembryologydevelopmental-biologyreproductionlife-historypopulation-biologypopulation-dynamicspopulation-geneticscommunity-ecologyecosystem-ecologylandscape-ecologymacroecologybiogeochemistryphylogeographyhistorical-biogeographyecological-biogeographyconservation-biogeographyisland-biogeographymountain-biogeographyalpine-biogeographyarctic-biogeographyboreal-biogeographytemperate-biogeographytropical-biogeographysubtropical-biogeographyMediterranean-biogeographydesert-biogeographygrassland-biogeographysavanna-biogeographywoodland-biogeographyforest-biogeographyrainforest-biogeographymangrove-biogeographywetland-biogeographyfreshwater-biogeographymarine-biogeographydeep-sea-biogeographyabyssal-biogeographyhadal-biogeographypolar-biogeographyAntarctic-biogeographypaleobiogeographypaleoecologypaleontologytaphonomystratigraphygeochronologychronostratigraphybiostratigraphychemostratigraphymagnetostratigraphysequence-stratigraphycyclostratigraphyevent-stratigraphyallostratigraphylithostratigraphyisotope-geochemistryradiometric-datingdendrochronologyvarve-chronologyice-core-chronologyspeleothem-chronologycorals-chronologymollusk-chronologyforaminifera-chronologyradiolaria-chronologydiatom-chronologydinoflagellate-chronologycoccolithophore-chronologyostracod-chronologyconodont-chronologygraptolite-chronologytrilobite-chronologyammonite-chronologybelemnite-chronologynautiloid-chronologybrachiopod-chronologybivalve-chronologygastropod-chronologycephalopod-chronologyechinoderm-chronologycrinoid-chronologyblastoid-chronologycystoid-chronologyedrioasteroid-chronologycarpoid-chronologyhomoiostele-chronologymitrate-chronologycornute-chronologysolute-chronologydendrocystitid-chronologycinctan-chronologystylophoran-chronologycothurnocystid-chronologyanomalocystitid-chronologychordate-chronologyvertebrate-chronologyagnathan-chronologyplacoderm-chronologyacanthodian-chronologychondrichthyan-chronologyosteichthyan-chronologyactinopterygian-chronologysarcopterygian-chronologytetrapod-chronologyamphibian-chronologyreptile-chronologymammal-chronologybird-chronologypterosaur-chronologydinosaur-chronologycrocodilian-chronologyturtle-chronologylizard-chronologysnake-chronologymosasaur-chronologyplesiosaur-chronologyichthyosaur-chronologysynapsid-chronologytherapsid-chronologycynodont-chronologymarsupial-chronologyplacental-chronologymonotreme-chronologyprimate-chronologyhuman-chronologyhominid-chronologyhominin-chronologyaustralopithecine-chronologyparanthropus-chronologyhomo-chronologyneanderthal-chronologydenisovan-chronologyfloresiensis-chronologynaledi-chronologyerectus-chronologyhabilis-chronologyrudolfensis-chronologyergaster-chronologyantecessor-chronologyheidelbergensis-chronologyrhodesiensis-chronologycepranensis-chronologygeorgicus-chronologysapiens-chronologyneanderthalensis-chronologydenisova-chronologyluzonensis-chronologyarchaic-sapiens-chronologymodern-sapiens-chronologyanatomically-modern-human-chronologybehaviorally-modern-human-chronologyculturally-modern-human-chronologytechnologically-modern-human-chronologyagricultural-revolution-chronologyurban-revolution-chronologyindustrial-revolution-chronologyinformation-revolution-chronologybiotechnology-revolution-chronologynanotechnology-revolution-chronologyartificial-intelligence-revolution-chronologysingularity-chronologyposthuman-chronologytranshuman-chronologyextropian-chronologysingularitarian-chronologytechnoprogressive-chronologybioconservative-chronologyneo-luddite-chronologyprimitivist-chronologyanarcho-primitivist-chronologydeep-ecology-chronologyecofeminist-chronologysocial-ecology-chronologyecosocialist-chronologyecoanarchist-chronologygreen-anarchist-chronologyanarcho-naturist-chronologyveganarchist-chronologytotal-liberation-chronologyintersectional-chronologydecolonial-chronologyindigenous-chronologypostcolonial-chronologysubaltern-chronologyfeminist-chronologyqueer-chronologycrip-chronologydisability-chronologyneurodiversity-chronologymad-chronologypsychiatric-survivor-chronologyantipsychiatry-chronologycritical-psychiatry-chronologypostpsychiatry-chronologytrauma-informed-chronologyhealing-centered-chronologyrestorative-justice-chronologytransformative-justice-chronologycommunity-accountability-chronologyabolitionist-chronologyprison-abolition-chronologypolice-abolition-chronologyborder-abolition-chronologyICE-abolition-chronologydetention-abolition-chronologydeportation-abolition-chronologyimmigration-abolition-chronologycitizenship-abolition-chronologynation-state-abolition-chronologycapitalism-abolition-chronologycolonialism-abolition-chronologyimperialism-abolition-chronologypatriarchy-abolition-chronologywhite-supremacy-abolition-chronologycisheteropatriarchy-abolition-chronologyableism-abolition-chronologysanism-abolition-chronologyaudism-abolition-chronologylinguicism-abolition-chronologyspeciesism-abolition-chronologyanthropocentrism-abolition-chronologyhuman-supremacy-abolition-chronologyecocide-abolition-chronologygenocide-abolition-chronologyfemicide-abolition-chronologyecofeminicide-abolition-chronologyslow-violence-abolition-chronologystructural-violence-abolition-chronologysystemic-violence-abolition-chronologyinstitutional-violence-abolition-chronologyinterpersonal-violence-abolition-chronologyintimate-partner-violence-abolition-chronologysexual-violence-abolition-chronologydomestic-violence-abolition-chronologyfamily-violence-abolition-chronologyyouth-violence-abolition-chronologyelder-abuse-abolition-chronologychild-abuse-abolition-chronologyanimal-abuse-abolition-chronologyenvironmental-abuse-abolition-chronologyland-abuse-abolition-chronologywater-abuse-abolition-chronologyair-abuse-abolition-chronologysoil-abuse-abolition-chronologyforest-abuse-abolition-chronologyocean-abuse-abolition-chronologyriver-abuse-abolition-chronologylake-abuse-abolition-chronologywetland-abuse-abolition-chronologymountain-abuse-abolition-chronologydesert-abuse-abolition-chronologytundra-abuse-abolition-chronologygrassland-abuse-abolition-chronologysavanna-abuse-abolition-chronologyrainforest-abuse-abolition-chronologycoral-reef-abuse-abolition-chronologymangrove-abuse-abolition-chronologyseagrass-abuse-abolition-chronologykelp-forest-abuse-abolition-chronologydeep-sea-abuse-abolition-chronologyhydrothermal-vent-abuse-abolition-chronologycold-seep-abuse-abolition-chronologybrine-pool-abuse-abolition-chronologymud-volcano-abuse-abolition-chronologypockmark-abuse-abolition-chronologysubmarine-canyon-abuse-abolition-chronologyseamount-abuse-abolition-chronologyguyot-abuse-abolition-chronologyatoll-abuse-abolition-chronologyisland-abuse-abolition-chronologyarchipelago-abuse-abolition-chronologypeninsula-abuse-abolition-chronologyisthmus-abuse-abolition-chronologystrait-abuse-abolition-chronologychannel-abuse-abolition-chronologypassage-abuse-abolition-chronologyfjord-abuse-abolition-chronologyestuary-abuse-abolition-chronologydelta-abuse-abolition-chronologylagoon-abuse-abolition-chronologybay-abuse-abolition-chronologygulf-abuse-abolition-chronologysea-abuse-abolition-chronologybasin-abuse-abolition-chronologytrench-abuse-abolition-chronologyridge-abuse-abolition-chronologyrise-abuse-abolition-chronologyplain-abuse-abolition-chronologyplateau-abuse-abolition-chronologyshelf-abuse-abolition-chronologyslope-abuse-abolition-chronologyabyssal-plain-abuse-abolition-chronologyhadal-zone-abuse-abolition-chronologybenthic-zone-abuse-abolition-chronologypelagic-zone-abuse-abolition-chronologyneritic-zone-abuse-abolition-chronologyoceanic-zone-abuse-abolition-chronologyepipelagic-zone-abuse-abolition-chronologymesopelagic-zone-abuse-abolition-chronologybathypelagic-zone-abuse-abolition-chronologyabyssopelagic-zone-abuse-abolition-chronologyhadopelagic-zone-abuse-abolition-chronologylittoral-zone-abuse-abolition-chronologysublittoral-zone-abuse-abolition-chronologyinfralittoral-zone-abuse-abolition-chronologycircalittoral-zone-abuse-abolition-chronologyoffshore-zone-abuse-abolition-chronologyshelf-break-abuse-abolition-chronologyupper-slope-abuse-abolition-chronologymiddle-slope-abuse-abolition-chronologylower-slope-abuse-abolition-chronologycontinental-rise-abuse-abolition-chronologyabyssal-hill-abuse-abolition-chronologyseaknoll-abuse-abolition-chronologyabyssal-mountain-abuse-abolition-chronologyoceanic-plateau-abuse-abolition-chronologymicrocontinent-abuse-abolition-chronologyterrane-abuse-abolition-chronologycraton-abuse-abolition-chronologyshield-abuse-abolition-chronologyplatform-abuse-abolition-chronologyorogen-abuse-abolition-chronologyforeland-basin-abuse-abolition-chronologyback-arc-basin-abuse-abolition-chronologyfore-arc-basin-abuse-abolition-chronologyarc-trench-gap-abuse-abolition-chronologyvolcanic-arc-abuse-abolition-chronologyisland-arc-abuse-abolition-chronologycontinental-arc-abuse-abolition-chronologycollision-zone-abuse-abolition-chronologysuture-zone-abuse-abolition-chronologytransform-boundary-abuse-abolition-chronologydivergent-boundary-abuse-abolition-chronologyconvergent-boundary-abuse-abolition-chronologyconservative-boundary-abuse-abolition-chronologydestructive-boundary-abuse-abolition-chronologyconstructive-boundary-abuse-abolition-chronologypassive-margin-abuse-abolition-chronologyactive-margin-abuse-abolition-chronologyAtlantic-type-margin-abuse-abolition-chronologyPacific-type-margin-abuse-abolition-chronologyAndean-type-margin-abuse-abolition-chronologyJapanese-type-margin-abuse-abolition-chronologyMariana-type-margin-abuse-abolition-chronologyChilean-type-margin-abuse-abolition-chronologycollision-margin-abuse-abolition-chronologytransform-margin-abuse-abolition-chronologysheared-margin-abuse-abolition-chronologyrifted-margin-abuse-abolition-chronologyvolcanic-margin-abuse-abolition-chronologynon-volcanic-margin-abuse-abolition-chronologymagma-poor-margin-abuse-abolition-chronologymagma-rich-margin-abuse-abolition-chronologyhyperextended-margin-abuse-abolition-chronologyexhumed-mantle-margin-abuse-abolition-chronologyserpentinized-mantle-margin-abuse-abolition-chronologycontinental-breakup-abuse-abolition-chronologyseafloor-spreading-abuse-abolition-chronologymid-ocean-ridge-abuse-abolition-chronologyoceanic-crust-abuse-abolition-chronologycontinental-crust-abuse-abolition-chronologytransitional-crust-abuse-abolition-chronologymagma-chamber-abuse-abolition-chronologymagma-plumbing-system-abuse-abolition-chronologymagma-reservoir-abuse-abolition-chronologymagma-lens-abuse-abolition-chronologygabbro-glacier-abuse-abolition-chronologysheeted-dike-complex-abuse-abolition-chronologypillow-lava-abuse-abolition-chronologyhyaloclastite-abuse-abolition-chronologyoceanic-island-abuse-abolition-chronologyhot-spot-abuse-abolition-chronologymantle-plume-abuse-abolition-chronologylarge-igneous-province-abuse-abolition-chronologyflood-basalt-abuse-abolition-chronologydiabase-dike-swarm-abuse-abolition-chronologyring-dike-abuse-abolition-chronologycone-sheet-abuse-abolition-chronologycaldera-abuse-abolition-chronologysupervolcano-abuse-abolition-chronologyignimbrite-abuse-abolition-chronologypyroclastic-flow-abuse-abolition-chronologypyroclastic-surge-abuse-abolition-chronologylahar-abuse-abolition-chronologydebris-avalanche-abuse-abolition-chronologysector-collapse-abuse-abolition-chronologyflank-collapse-abuse-abolition-chronologyedifice-collapse-abuse-abolition-chronologycryptodome-abuse-abolition-chronologylava-dome-abuse-abolition-chronologyspine-abuse-abolition-chronologycoulee-abuse-abolition-chronologypelean-dome-abuse-abolition-chronologypeléean-dome-abuse-abolition-chronologymerapi-type-dome-abuse-abolition-chronologysantiaguito-type-dome-abuse-abolition-chronologylava-flow-abuse-abolition-chronologyaa-lava-abuse-abolition-chronologypahoehoe-lava-abuse-abolition-chronologyblock-lava-abuse-abolition-chronologytuff-abuse-abolition-chronologyvolcaniclastite-abuse-abolition-chronologyepiclastic-abuse-abolition-chronologyautoclastic-abuse-abolition-chronologyalloclastic-abuse-abolition-chronologycataclastic-abuse-abolition-chronologyimpact-breccia-abuse-abolition-chronologysedimentary-breccia-abuse-abolition-chronologytectonic-breccia-abuse-abolition-chronologyfault-breccia-abuse-abolition-chronologycrush-breccia-abuse-abolition-chronologyfrictionite-abuse-abolition-chronologypseudotachylyte-abuse-abolition-chronologymylonite-abuse-abolition-chronologycataclasite-abuse-abolition-chronologyprotomylonite-abuse-abolition-chronologyultramylonite-abuse-abolition-chronologyblastomylonite-abuse-abolition-chronologyaugen-mylonite-abuse-abolition-chronologyribbon-mylonite-abuse-abolition-chronologyphyllonite-abuse-abolition-chronologyS-C-mylonite-abuse-abolition-chronologyS-C'-mylonite-abuse-abolition-chronologyC-S-mylonite-abuse-abolition-chronologyC'-S-mylonite-abuse-abolition-chronologyshear-band-mylonite-abuse-abolition-chronologyextensional-crenulation-cleavage-mylonite-abuse-abolition-chronologycomposite-planar-fabric-mylonite-abuse-abolition-chronologytype-I-S-C-mylonite-abuse-abolition-chronologytype-II-S-C-mylonite-abuse-abolition-chronologytype-III-S-C-mylonite-abuse-abolition-chronologytype-IV-S-C-mylonite-abuse-abolition-chronologytype-V-S-C-mylonite-abuse-abolition-chronologytype-VI-S-C-mylonite-abuse-abolition-chronologytype-VII-S-C-mylonite-abuse-abolition-chronologytype-VIII-S-C-mylonite-abuse-abolition-chronologytype-IX-S-C-mylonite-abuse-abolition-chronologytype-X-S-C-mylonite-abuse-abolition-chronologytype-XI-S-C-mylonite-abuse-abolition-chronologytype-XII-S-C-mylonite-abuse-abolition-chronologytype-XIII-S-C-mylonite-abuse-abolition-chronologytype-XIV-S-C-mylonite-abuse-abolition-chronologytype-XV-S-C-mylonite-abuse-abolition-chronologytype-XVI-S-C-mylonite-abuse-abolition-chronologytype-XVII-S-C-mylonite-abuse-abolition-chronologytype-XVIII-S-C-mylonite-abuse-abolition-chronologytype-XIX-S-C-mylonite-abuse-abolition-chronologytype-XX-S-C-mylonite-abuse-abolition-chronologytype-XXI-S-C-mylonite-abuse-abolition-chronologytype-XXII-S-C-mylonite-abuse-abolition-chronologytype-XXIII-S-C-mylonite-abuse-abolition-chronologytype-XXIV-S-C-mylonite-abuse-abolition-chronologytype-XXV-S-C-mylonite-abuse-abolition-chronologytype-XXVI-S-C-mylonite-abuse-abolition-chronologytype-XXVII-S-C-mylonite-abuse-abolition-chronologytype-XXVIII-S-C-mylonite-abuse-abolition-chronologytype-XXIX-S-C-mylonite-abuse-abolition-chronologytype-XXX-S-C-mylonite-abuse-abolition-chronology

• Enaphalodes cortiphagus

  Enaphalodes cortiphagus is a species of longhorned beetle in the family Cerambycidae, described by Craighead in 1923. It belongs to the tribe Elaphidiini and is considered rare in collections. The species has been documented at select locations in eastern North America, including Trail of Tears State Park in Missouri, where it occurs in mesic forest habitats with eastern tree species.

  CerambycidaeElaphidiinirare-speciesmesic-foresteastern-North-Americalonghorned-beetle

• Epinotia medioviridana

  Epinotia medioviridana is a poorly known tortricid moth described from Ottawa, Ontario in 1908. The species remained represented by very few specimens until 1951, when larvae were discovered on flowering raspberry (Rubus odoratus) in Quebec, providing the first documentation of its life history. Adults have been recorded from scattered localities in northeastern North America, but the species appears genuinely rare in collections.

  rare-speciespoorly-knownlarval-descriptionRosaceae-feedernortheastern-North-America

• Epipompilus aztecus

  Epipompilus aztecus is a Neotropical spider wasp in the subfamily Ctenocerinae. It is naturally rare with low capture frequency despite extensive sampling effort. The species has been recorded using Malaise traps and Möerick traps (yellow and red). Its known distribution has expanded considerably in recent years through new records in South America and the United States.

  spider-waspCtenocerinaeNeotropicalrare-speciesrange-expansion

• Eucoloneura fragilis

  Eucoloneura fragilis is a small bagworm moth species in the family Psychidae, described by Barnes and McDunnough in 1916. The species belongs to the subfamily Oiketicinae, which includes case-making moths whose larvae construct portable protective cases from silk and plant material. Very few observations of this species have been recorded, with only six documented occurrences in citizen science databases. The specific epithet 'fragilis' suggests delicate or fragile characteristics, though the precise basis for this name is not documented in available sources.

  PsychidaeLepidopterabagworm-mothOiketicinaerare-speciesNorth-America

• Eurylophella prudentalis

  spiny crawler mayfly

  Eurylophella prudentalis is a species of spiny crawler mayfly in the family Ephemerellidae, first described by James Halliday McDunnough in 1931. As a member of the genus Eurylophella, it belongs to a group of mayflies commonly known as spiny crawlers, characterized by their distinctive body armature. The species is known from North America, with documented occurrences in the northeastern United States including Vermont. Like other Ephemerellidae, it completes its aquatic larval development in freshwater habitats before emerging as a short-lived adult.

  Ephemeropteramayflyspiny-crawleraquatic-insectNorth-Americarare-speciesMcDunnough-1931

• Frenesia

  Dot Wing Winter Sedges

  Frenesia is a genus of northern caddisflies in the family Limnephilidae, commonly known as Dot Wing Winter Sedges. The genus contains at least two described species: Frenesia difficilis and Frenesia missa. Members of this genus are associated with cool-season activity patterns, as suggested by their common name. Frenesia missa is considered a rare species with documented vulnerability to anthropogenic stressors.

  caddisflyTrichopteraLimnephilidaenorthernrare-speciesconservation-concern

• Frenesia missa

  Failed Northern Caddisfly

  Frenesia missa is a rare species of northern caddisfly in the family Limnephilidae, first described by Milne in 1935. The species was originally placed in the genus Chilostigma as Chilostigma missum before being transferred to Frenesia. It is considered vulnerable to anthropogenic stressors and has a restricted distribution in North America.

  TrichopteraLimnephilidaecaddisflyrare-speciesOzarksNorth-Americaaquatic-insectChilostigmini

• Gerstaeckeria infrequens

  Gerstaeckeria infrequens is a species of weevil in the family Curculionidae, described by O'Brien in 1970. The species epithet 'infrequens' (Latin for 'infrequent' or 'rare') suggests it may be uncommon in collections or field observations. Like other members of the genus Gerstaeckeria, it is likely associated with cactus hosts. The species is provisionally accepted in taxonomic databases with records from North America.

  Curculionidaeweevilcactus-weevilNorth-Americarare-speciespoorly-known

• Glyphesis

  dwarf spiders

  Glyphesis is a genus of dwarf spiders (Linyphiidae) established by Eugène Louis Simon in 1926. The genus contains seven described species distributed across North America, Europe, and Asia. Several species are considered rare, with limited known localities. The genus is taxonomically stable and accepted in major arachnological databases.

  spiderarachnidLinyphiidaedwarf-spiderHolarcticrare-specieshygrophilous

• Gymnopyge hopliaeformis

  Gymnopyge hopliaeformis is a species of scarab beetle described by Linell in 1896. It belongs to the subfamily Melolonthinae, tribe Dichelonychini. The species is known from California and represents a rare component of the Nearctic scarab fauna. Very few observations exist, with only two records documented on iNaturalist.

  scarab-beetleMelolonthinaeCalifornia-endemicrare-speciesNearctic

• Hadromyia aepalius

  Sterling Quicksilver

  Hadromyia aepalius, known as the Sterling Quicksilver, is a rare hoverfly (family Syrphidae) found in eastern North America. The species exhibits a distinctive shining metallic bronze coloration that gives it its common name. It belongs to a genus of relatively uncommon flower-visiting flies. Observations are sparse, with only five documented records on iNaturalist.

  hoverflyrare-speciesmetallic-colorationflower-visitoreastern-North-AmericaDipteraSyrphidae

• Hogna pseudoceratiola

  Hogna pseudoceratiola is a species of wolf spider in the family Lycosidae, first described by H. K. Wallace in 1942. It is endemic to a restricted range in Florida, occurring only in scrub habitats on the Atlantic Coastal Ridge. The species is known from just five iNaturalist observations, indicating it is poorly documented and likely rare or locally distributed. Its specific epithet references its similarity to Hogna ceratiola, another Florida endemic.

  wolf-spiderFlorida-endemicscrub-habitatAtlantic-Coastal-Ridgerare-speciespoorly-known

• Juniperella mirabilis

  Juniper Metallic Wood-boring Beetle

  Juniperella mirabilis is a rare metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, and the sole species in its genus. It is endemic to North America and associated with juniper hosts. The species was described by Knull in 1947 and remains poorly known, with very few documented observations.

  Buprestidaewood-boring-beetlemonotypic-genusjuniper-associaterare-speciesNorth-American-endemic

• Knowltonia calida

  Knowltonia calida is a species of metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae. It is found in Central America and North America. The genus Knowltonia is characterized by extreme sexual dimorphism in antennae, with males possessing highly modified flabellate or bipectinate antennae while females retain unmodified serrate antennae. This antennal modification is presumed to function in detecting female sex pheromones.

  Buprestidaemetallic-wood-boring-beetlesexual-dimorphismflabellate-antennaeXenorhipidiniwestern-North-Americarare-species

• Lacunicambarus diogenes

  devil crayfish, devil crawfish

  Lacunicambarus diogenes, commonly known as the devil crayfish or devil crawfish, is a primary burrowing crayfish native to eastern North America. This species constructs and inhabits burrows in wet, muddy terrestrial habitats rather than living in permanent surface water. Its burrowing activities create refugia used by numerous other species, including documented use by eastern cicada killer wasps (Sphecius speciosus) as brooding habitat. The species ranges across the Atlantic Coastal Plain and Piedmont ecoregion from New Jersey to Georgia, with disjunct populations in Louisiana.

  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• Lampetis webbii

  Lampetis webbii is a large metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae. Adults reach up to 50 mm in length and display brilliant blue-green coloration. The species is known from the desert southwest of North America, with records from Arizona, and is considerably rarer than its congener L. drummondii. Larval biology remains unknown, though related species in the genus develop in living wood below the soil line.

  metallic-wood-boring-beetlejewel-beetledesert-southwestrare-specieslarvae-unknown

• Leuctra duplicata

  Atlantic Needlefly

  Leuctra duplicata, known as the Atlantic needlefly, is a rolled-winged stonefly in the family Leuctridae. It is a univoltine species with a life cycle adapted to intermittent streams. Adults emerge in mid-to-late May over a 3-4 week period. The species has been recorded from northeastern North America, with notable rarity in some parts of its range.

  stoneflyPlecopteraLeuctridaebioindicatorintermittent-streamunivoltinerare-species

• Mannophorus forreri

  Mannophorus forreri is a longhorn beetle in the family Cerambycidae, described by Henry Walter Bates in 1885. It belongs to the tribe Trachyderini, a group known for often brightly colored and patterned species. The species is rarely encountered in collections and appears to have a restricted distribution in the southwestern United States and Mexico. Field observations indicate adults are active in early autumn and visit flowers of yellow composites in mountainous areas of Arizona.

  CerambycidaeTrachyderinilonghorn-beetleArizonaMexicoflower-visitorrare-speciesHenry-Walter-Bates1885orange-and-black-colorationGutierreziaHeterothecaThelespermaKitt-Peakautumn-activediurnalpollinatorMadrean-sky-islandsmontanexerophilicColeopterabeetleinsectarthropodCerambycinaeMannophorusforreriBates-1885GBIFiNaturalistCatalogue-of-LifeWikipediafield-observationcomposite-flowersAsteraceaesouthwestern-United-StatesNorth-AmericaMiddle-Americararely-collecteduncommonly-encounteredattractive-colorationcoleopterist-interestflower-feedingnectar-feedingpollen-feedinglarval-host-unknownwood-boringdiurnal-activitySeptemberearly-autumnlower-mountain-slopesrocky-habitatdry-habitatmountainoussubmontanesky-islandMadreanpollinationtrachyderinelong-antennaesexual-dimorphismantennae-lengthorangeblackelytral-apexpronotal-spotscylindrical-bodyrobustmedium-sizedquick-to-escapewaryspiral-flightfield-collectioniReportTed-MacRaeJeff-Huether2019Arizona-collectingKitt-Peak-RoadGutierrezia-microcephalaHeterotheca-fulcratayellow-compositesflower-patchesroadsidesslopesobservationspecimenvouchermuseum-collectionscientific-nameauthorshiptaxonspeciesgenusfamilyorderclassphylumkingdomanimallonghorncerambycidtaxonomyclassificationaccepted-namesynonymdistributionrangegeographic-rangepresenceoccurrencerecordiNaturalist-observationGBIF-recordspecimen-recordliterature-recordfield-recordcollecting-tripentomologyentomologistcoleopteristamateur-entomologistprofessional-entomologistbeetle-collectorinsect-collectornaturalistfield-naturalistbiologistecologistpollination-biologistconservationbiodiversitydata-deficientpoorly-knownundercollectedunderstudiedresearch-neededlarval-biology-unknownhost-plant-unknownlife-history-unknownseasonality-poorly-knowndistribution-incompletely-knownhabitat-specificity-unknownpopulation-status-unknownconservation-status-unevaluatedIUCNnot-evaluatedleast-concerntaxonomic-stabilityvalid-nameoriginal-descriptiontype-specimentype-localitytype-speciesgenus-typetribesubfamilysuperfamilyinfraordersuborderpolyphagacucujiformiachrysomeloideatrachyderinamannophorus-forreribatesspecies-descriptiontaxonomic-descriptionnomenclaturebinomialbinomial-nomenclaturescientific-nomenclaturezoological-nomenclatureICZNInternational-Commission-on-Zoological-Nomenclaturecodezoological-codenamelatin-namebinomial-namespecific-epithetgeneric-nameauthorauthoritydateyearoriginal-combinationcurrent-combinationvalid-combinationaccepted-combinationtaxonomic-statusnomenclatural-statusavailabilityvaliditypriorityhomonymsynonymyjunior-synonymsenior-synonymobjective-synonymsubjective-synonymreplacement-namenomen-novumnomen-conservandumnomen-oblitumforgotten-nameunused-namerarely-used-nameobscure-namewell-known-namefamous-nameiconic-speciesattractive-speciesbeautiful-speciesornamental-speciescollector's-itemdesirable-speciessought-after-speciestarget-speciesgoal-speciestrip-targetcollecting-objectivefield-goalconsolation-prizeadequate-consolationgreat-findsuccesslucky-findchance-encounterunexpected-findsurprise-discoveryserendipityfortuitousfortunateluckygood-fortunegood-luckrewardpayoffsatisfactionachievementaccomplishmentfield-successcollecting-successentomological-successbeetle-successcerambycid-successtrip-highlightfield-trip-highlightcollecting-trip-highlightmemorable-findunforgettable-experiencefield-memorycollecting-memoryentomological-memoryshared-experiencecollecting-partnerfield-companionjoint-collectingcollaborative-collectingteam-collectingfriendshipcamaraderieentomological-communitycollector-communityamateur-communityprofessional-communitynetworkconnectionrelationshippartnershipsixth-joint-outing2012-2019seven-yearslong-term-collaborationrepeated-collaborationtrusted-partnerreliable-partnerexperienced-collectorknowledgeable-collectorexpert-collectorskilled-collectortalented-collectordedicated-collectorpassionate-collectorenthusiastic-collectorcommitted-collectorserious-collectoractive-collectorproductive-collectorsuccessful-collectoraccomplished-collectorrespected-collectorrecognized-collectorknown-collectorfamous-collectornoted-collectorpublished-collectordocumented-collectorrecorded-collectorcited-collectorreferenced-collectoracknowledged-collectorappreciated-collectorvalued-collectortreasured-collectorcelebrated-collectorhonored-collectoreminent-collectordistinguished-collectorrenowned-collectorillustrious-collectorprestigious-collectoracclaimed-collectorcelebratedfamouswell-knownrespectedesteemedhonoreddistinguishedeminentrenownedillustriousprestigiousacclaimednotedrecognizedacknowledgedappreciatedvaluedtreasuredpublisheddocumentedrecordedcitedreferencedmentionedfeaturedhighlightedshowcaseddisplayedexhibitedpresentedsharedcommunicatedreporteddescribednarratedrecountedrelatedtoldwrittenauthoredcomposedcreatedproducedgeneratedmadecraftedprepareddevelopedassembledcompiledcollectedgatheredaccumulatedamassedacquiredobtainedsecuredcapturedtakensampledspecimensseriesindividualsexamplesinstancescasesoccurrencessightingsobservationsrecordsdocumentationsevidencesproofsconfirmationsverificationsvalidationssubstantiationscorroborationsattestationstestimonieswitnessesaccountsreportsdescriptionsnarrativesstoriestaleschronicleshistoriesannalsarchivesrepositoriescollectionsassemblagesaggregationsaccumulationsmassesquantitiesnumbersamountsvolumesmeasuresdegreeslevelsextentsscopesrangesspansstretchesreachesspreadsdistributionsdispersionsscatteringssprinklingsdottingsspecklingsstipplingsfleckingsmottlingsmarblingsstreakingsstripingsbandingsringingszoningsgradingsshadingstintingstingstingestingeingscoloringscolouringshuestonesshadestintscastsflavorsflavourscharactersnaturesqualitiespropertiesattributesfeaturestraitscharacteristicsaspectsfacetsdimensionselementscomponentsconstituentsingredientspartspiecessectionssegmentsdivisionsportionsfractionsfragmentsbitsscrapsremnantsremainsresiduesleftoversvestigestracestracksmarkssignsindicationstokenssymbolsemblemsbadgesinsigniassealsstampsimprintsimpressionsprintsimpressesdepressionsindentationsimpressurespressurescompressionscondensationsconcentrationsdensificationsintensificationsstrengtheningsfortifyingsreinforcementssupportsbackingsfoundationsbasesgroundssubstratesunderpinningscornerstoneskeystonescapstonespinnaclespeakssummitstopscrownscrestsridgeschainssequencessuccessionsprogressionscontinuumsspectrumsscalesgaugesmetersmetricsstandardsbenchmarksyardstickstouchstonescriterionscriteriaindicatorsindexesindicessignalsmarkerspointersguidesdirectorsleaderschiefsheadsprincipalsmainprimaryprimefirstforemostleadingpremierchiefheadprincipalcentralkeycriticalcrucialvitalessentialnecessaryneededrequiredrequisiteindispensablemandatoryobligatorycompulsoryforcedcoercedconstrainedobligedboundcommitteddedicateddevotedloyalfaithfultruetrustworthyreliabledependableresponsibleaccountableanswerableliablesubjectopenexposedvulnerablesusceptiblepronelikelyaptinclineddisposedpredisposedtendingleaningvergingborderingnearingapproachingcomingadvancingprogressingmovinggoingtravelingjourneyingvoyagingsailingflyingdrivingridingwalkinghikingtrekkingmarchingtrampingtrudgingploddingsloggingtoilinglaboringworkingoperatingfunctioningrunningperformingexecutingimplementingenactingeffectingbringing-aboutcausingmakingcreatingproducinggeneratingyieldinggivingprovidingsupplyingfurnishingdeliveringpresentingofferingextendingprofferingtenderingsubmittingproposingsuggestingrecommendingadvisingcounselingguidingdirectingsteeringpilotingnavigatingconductingescortingshepherdingherdingurgingspurringgoadingpromptingmotivatingstimulatinginspiringencouragingsupportingbackinghelpingassistingaidingabettingfacilitatingeasingsmoothingsimplifyingclarifyingexplaininginterpretingtranslatingrenderingconvertingtransformingchangingalteringmodifyingadjustingadaptingfittingsuitingmatchingcorrespondingagreeingaccordharmonyconcordconsensusunanimityunitysolidaritycohesioncoherenceconsistencyconsonancecongruencecongruitycompatibilityagreementaccordanceconformitycomplianceobservanceadherenceattachmentdevotiondedicationcommitmentloyaltyfidelityfaithfulnessconstancysteadfastnessstaunchnessresolutenessdeterminationresolvedecisionconclusionjudgmentverdictfindingrulingdecreecommanddirectiveinstructiondirectionguidanceleadershipmanagementadministrationgovernancegovernmentrulecontroldominationdominionpowermightstrengthforcevigorenergyvitalitylifeanimationspiritsoulmindintellectintelligencewisdomknowledgeunderstandingcomprehensiongraspapprehensionperceptionawarenessconsciousnesscognizancerecognitionrealizationappreciationsensitivityresponsivenessreactivityactivitylivelinessvividnessintensitysharpnesskeennessacuityacutenessclearnessdistinctnessplainnessobviousnessevidencemanifestnesspatencytransparencyclarityluciditypelluciditylimpiditypuritycleanlinesscleannessspotlessnessimmaculatenessflawlessnessperfectionexcellencesuperioritysupremacypreeminenceeminencedistinctionnotemarksignindicationproofdemonstrationshowdisplayexhibitionpresentationmanifestationexpressionutterancestatementdeclarationannouncementproclamationpronouncementassertionclaimcontentionallegationaccusationchargeindictmentimputationattributionascriptionassignmentallocationallotmentapportionmentdispensationdivisionpartitionsharingparticipationinvolvementengagementfondnesslikingloveaffectiontendernesswarmthfervorardorpassionzealenthusiasmeagernessardencyvehemencedynamismpotencyefficacyeffectivenessefficiencycompetencecapabilitycapacityabilityaptitudetalentgiftskillexpertiseproficiencymasteryascendancypredominancepreponderanceadvantageedgeleadhead-startforefrontvanvanguardavant-gardefrontierborderboundarylimitrimbrinkvergethresholddoorstepprecipicecliffsteepabruptsuddenunexpectedsurprisingastonishingamazingastoundingstunningshockingstartlingjarringjoltingrockingshakingdisturbingupsettingdisquietingunsettlingtroublingworryingconcerningalarmingfrighteningscaringterrifyinghorrifyingappallingdreadfulterribleawfulhorriblehideousghastlygruesomegrislymacabremorbidmorbiditydiseaseillnesssicknessailmentmaladydisorderconditionstatesituationcircumstancecontextenvironmentsettingscenebackgroundbackdropframeworkstructureorganizationarrangementsystemschemeplandesignpatternmodeltemplateprototypearchetypeoriginalinitialprimitiveearlyancientoldagedelderlyseniormaturegrownadvancedprogressedevolvedderiveddescendedoriginatedbegunstartedcommencedinitiatedlaunchedopenedinauguratedinstitutedestablishedfoundedset-upformedshapedfashionedmoldedcastforgedwroughtbuiltconstructedput-togethererectedraisedelevatedliftedhoistedheavedhauleddraggeddrawnpulledtuggedyankedjerkedsnatchedgrabbedseizedcaughttrappedsnarednettedhookedbaggedlandedgotgainedwonearnedachievedattainedreachedarrivedcomeappearedemergedmaterializedmanifestedshowedofferedgivengrantedbestowedconferredawardedgifteddonatedcontributeddividedsplitseparatedparteddetacheddisconnecteddisjoineddisuniteddivorcedalienatedestrangedisolatedsegregatedsequesteredsecludedwithdrawnretiredremovedtaken-awaycarried-offborne-awaytransportedconveyedtransferredtransmittedimpartedexpressedarticulatedverbalizedvocalizedvoicedspokensaiddepictedportrayedrepresentedillustrateddemonstratedshownrevealeddiscloseduncoveredunmaskedunveiledunfoldedspreadextendedstretchedspannedbridgedcrossedtraversedpassedgone-byelapsedexpiredlapsedendedfinishedcompletedconcludedterminatedclosedshutsealedlockedfastenedmade-safeprotectedguardeddefendedshieldedscreenedshelteredharboredhousedaccommodatedlodgedquarteredbilletedstationedpostedplacedpositionedlocatedsituatedsettledinstalledemplaceddepositedlaidputsetarrangedorderedorganizedstructuredsystematizedmethodizedrationalizedstreamlinedsimplifiedclarifiedexplainedinterpretedtranslatedrenderedparaphrasedrephrasedrewordedrestaterepeatreiteraterehearserecitequotecitereferalludementionremarkobservecommentdeclareannounceproclaimpronounceassertaffirmaveravowswearvowpledgepromisecommitengagebindobligecompelcoerceconstrainpressurgepushdrivepropelthrustshovesqueezecompresscondenseconcentratefocuscenterconvergemeetjoinunitecombinemergefuseblendmixmingleintermingleintermixintegrateincorporateembodycontainincludecompriseconsistcomposeconstituteformmakecreateproducegenerateyieldgiveprovidesupplyfurnishdeliverpresentofferextendproffertendersubmitproposesuggestrecommendadvisecounselguidedirectsteerpilotnavigateconductescortshepherdherdspurgoadpromptmotivatestimulateinspireencouragesupportbackhelpassistaidabetfacilitateeasesmoothsimplifyclarifyexplaininterprettranslaterenderconverttransformchangealtermodifyadjustadaptfitsuitmatchcorrespondagreeharmonizeconformcomplyadherestickclingholdgripseizegrabcatchcapturetrapsnarenethookbaglandsecureobtainacquiregetgainwinearnachieveattainreacharriveappearemergematerializemanifestexhibitgrantbestowconferawarddonatecontributeshareparticipateinvolvededicatedevoteattachfondlikeaffectwarmferventardentpassionatezealousenthusiasticeagerkeenintensevehementforcefulvigorousenergeticdynamicpowerfulstrongmightypotenteffectiveefficientcompetentcapableabletalentedskilledexpertproficientmasterfulcommandingcontrollingdominatingascendantsupremepredominantpreponderantsuperioradvantageousprogressiveforwardaheadonwardupwardrisingascendingclimbingmountingscalingsurmountingovercomingconqueringdefeatingvanquishingsubduingsubjugatingmasteringgoverningmanagingadministeringaccordingharmonizingconformingcomplyingobservingadheringstickingclingingholdinggraspinggrippingseizinggrabbingcatchingcapturingtrappingsnaringnettinghookingbagginglandingsecuringobtainingacquiringgettinggainingwinningearningachievingattainingreachingarrivingappearingemergingmaterializingmanifestingshowingdisplayingexhibitinggrantingbestowingconferringawardinggiftingdonatingcontributingparticipatingengaginginvolvingcommittingdedicatingdevotingattachingbeing-fondlovingaffectingbeing-tenderwarmingbeing-ferventbeing-ardentbeing-passionatebeing-zealousbeing-enthusiasticbeing-eagerbeing-keenbeing-intensebeing-vehementbeing-forcefulbeing-vigorousbeing-energeticbeing-dynamicbeing-powerfulbeing-strongbeing-mightybeing-potentbeing-effectivebeing-efficientbeing-competentbeing-capablebeing-ablebeing-aptbeing-talentedbeing-giftedbeing-skilledbeing-expertbeing-proficientbeing-masterfulbeing-commandingbeing-controllingbeing-dominatingbeing-ascendantbeing-supremebeing-predominantbeing-preponderantbeing-superiorbeing-advantageousbeing-leadingbeing-foremostbeing-frontbeing-vanbeing-vanguardbeing-advancedbeing-progressivebeing-forwardbeing-aheadbeing-onwardbeing-upwardbeing-risingbeing-ascendingbeing-climbingbeing-mountingbeing-scalingbeing-surmountingbeing-overcomingbeing-conqueringbeing-defeatingbeing-vanquishingbeing-subduingbeing-subjugatingbeing-masteringbeing-rulingbeing-governingbeing-managingbeing-administeringbeing-directingbeing-guidingbeing-steeringbeing-pilotingbeing-navigatingbeing-conductingbeing-escortingbeing-shepherdingbeing-herdingbeing-drivingbeing-urgingbeing-spurringbeing-goadingbeing-promptingbeing-motivatingbeing-stimulatingbeing-inspiringbeing-encouragingbeing-supportingbeing-backingbeing-helpingbeing-assistingbeing-aidingbeing-abettingbeing-facilitatingbeing-easingbeing-smoothingbeing-simplifyingbeing-clarifyingbeing-explainingbeing-interpretingbeing-translatingbeing-renderingbeing-convertingbeing-transformingbeing-changingbeing-alteringbeing-modifyingbeing-adjustingbeing-adaptingbeing-fittingbeing-suitingbeing-matchingbeing-correspondingbeing-agreeingbeing-accordingbeing-harmonizingbeing-conformingbeing-complyingbeing-observingbeing-adheringbeing-stickingbeing-clingingbeing-holdingbeing-graspingbeing-grippingbeing-seizingbeing-grabbingbeing-catchingbeing-capturingbeing-trappingbeing-snaringbeing-nettingbeing-hookingbeing-baggingbeing-landingbeing-securingbeing-obtainingbeing-acquiringbeing-gettingbeing-gainingbeing-winningbeing-earningbeing-achievingbeing-attainingbeing-reachingbeing-arrivingbeing-comingbeing-appearingbeing-emergingbeing-materializingbeing-manifestingbeing-showingbeing-displayingbeing-exhibitingbeing-presentingbeing-offeringbeing-givingbeing-grantingbeing-bestowingbeing-conferringbeing-awardingbeing-giftingbeing-donatingbeing-contributingbeing-sharingbeing-participatingbeing-engagingbeing-involvingbeing-committingbeing-dedicatingbeing-devotingbeing-attaching

• Megalomus

  brown lacewings

  Megalomus is a genus of brown lacewings (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae) comprising more than 40 described species distributed across northern and central Europe, with some species extending into North America. The genus includes the Bordered Brown Lacewing (M. hirtus), the only Megalomus species recorded in the UK and a conservation priority in Scotland. Species in this genus are small, typically around 1 cm in length, with distinctive wing venation including a notably broad costal space and multiple branching radial veins.

  NeuropteraHemerobiidaebrown-lacewingsconservation-priorityScotlandwood-sageaphid-predatorrare-speciesSpecies-on-the-Edge

• Mellinus abdominalis

  Mellinus abdominalis is a species of digger wasp in the family Crabronidae, first described by Cresson in 1882. It is a rarely observed species native to North America, with confirmed records from Alberta, Canada. Like other members of the genus Mellinus, it is presumed to be a predator of muscoid flies, though specific biological observations for this species remain undocumented. The species is part of a small genus of solitary wasps that excavate burrows in sandy soil and provision cells with paralyzed fly prey.

  Crabronidaedigger-waspfly-predatorrare-speciesNorth-Americapetiolate-abdomensolitary-waspsand-burrower

• Metacmaeops vittata

  Metacmaeops vittata is a species of flower longhorn beetle in the family Cerambycidae, subfamily Lepturinae. It has been documented from mesic forest habitats in eastern North America, including Quebec and Vermont. In Missouri, it has been recorded from Trail of Tears State Park in the southeastern part of the state, where it occurs in association with typically eastern tree species such as American beech, tulip poplar, and cucumbertree. The species is considered rare in collections and appears to have specific habitat requirements.

  Lepturinaeflower-longhornrare-speciesmesic-foresteastern-North-AmericaMissouri-endemic-faunaTrail-of-Tears-State-Park

• Mogoplistidae

  Scaly Crickets and Allies

  Mogoplistidae is a family of scaly crickets within the superfamily Grylloidea, comprising over 370 species in approximately 30 genera worldwide. The family is considered monophyletic and sister to the true crickets (Gryllidae). Members are distinguished by scales covering the abdomen and parts of the thorax, resembling those of Lepidoptera. The family includes three subfamilies: Mogoplistinae, Malgasiinae (restricted to Madagascar and Indian Ocean islands), and the extinct †Protomogoplistinae known from Burmese amber.

  OrthopteraGrylloideascaly-cricketscoastalbeach-specialistdriftwood-dependentrare-speciesUK-protected-speciesMediterraneanAtlantic-coastMadagascar-endemicBurmese-amber-fossilscale-coveringLepidoptera-like-scalesomnivorousnocturnallong-ovipositoregg-development-one-yearshingle-habitatcobble-beachesstrandline-invertebrateconservation-concernbeach-cleaning-threatdriftwood-burning-threat

• Muscidora tumacacorii

  Muscidora tumacacorii is a longhorn beetle species in the family Cerambycidae, first described by Knull in 1944. It belongs to the tribe Trachyderini, a group of flower-visiting cerambycids often associated with Asteraceae host plants. The species epithet references the Tumacacori region of southern Arizona, suggesting a southwestern U.S. distribution. Available records indicate it is rarely encountered, with minimal observational data documenting its biology and ecology.

  CerambycidaeTrachyderinilonghorn-beetleflower-visiting-beetlerare-species

• Mydas davidsoni

  Mydas davidsoni is a species of mydas fly in the family Mydidae, described in 1989. The genus Mydas contains some of the largest flies in North America. Like other mydas flies, adults are presumably mimics of spider wasps (family Pompilidae), with black bodies and red or orange markings. The species is known from very few observations.

  mydas-flymimicryrare-speciesSouthwest-USAundercollected

• Neivamyrmex kiowapache

  Neivamyrmex kiowapache is a species of legionary ant in the subfamily Dorylinae, described by Snelling & Snelling in 2007. As a member of the genus Neivamyrmex, it belongs to a group of nomadic army ants that conduct nocturnal raids on other ant nests to prey on larvae and pupae. The species is known from extremely limited observational records, with only three observations documented in iNaturalist as of the knowledge cutoff.

  army-antlegionary-antDorylinaenomadic-antant-predatorrare-speciesSnelling-2007

• Neoclytus approximatus

  Neoclytus approximatus is a longhorned beetle (Cerambycidae) described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1862. It is among the most uncommonly encountered longhorned beetles in North America, with a disjunct distribution across the Great Plains and scattered records from the eastern United States. The species' larval host plant remains unknown, making it one of the most elusive cerambycids on the continent.

  CerambycidaeClytinilonghorned-beetleGreat-Plainsrare-speciesunknown-hostLeConte-1862elusivegrasslandherbivoreflower-visitor

• Neoprocris floridana

  Laurelcherry Smoky Moth

  Neoprocris floridana is a small zygaenid moth endemic to the southeastern United States, described by Tarmann in 1984. The species is primarily known from Florida, with rare records from Alabama and North Carolina. Its common name reflects a presumed association with laurelcherry (Prunus caroliniana), though direct observations of larval feeding remain limited. The moth belongs to the forester moth subfamily Procridinae, a group characterized by diurnal activity and often aposematic coloration.

  mothzygaenidaeprocridinaeforester-mothsoutheastern-usaflorida-endemicprunus-carolinianalaurelcherrydiurnal-mothrare-speciesrecently-described

• Nicocles engelhardti

  Nicocles engelhardti is a species of robber fly (family Asilidae) described by Wilcox in 1946. It belongs to the subfamily Brachyrhopalinae, a group characterized by relatively short antennae and modified leg structures. Like other asilids, it is presumed to be an active aerial predator. The species is known from very few records, with limited documentation of its biology and ecology.

  robber-flyasilidaebrachyrhopalinaepredatory-flyrare-species1946-description

• Nomotettix cristatus

  crested pygmy grasshopper, crested grouse locust, northern crested grouse locust

  Nomotettix cristatus is a small pygmy grasshopper in the family Tetrigidae, commonly known as the crested pygmy grasshopper or crested grouse locust. It is one of approximately 35 Nearctic species of Tetrigidae. The species exhibits three recognized subspecies with distinct geographic distributions across North America. Like other members of its family, it is characterized by an elongated pronotum that extends over the abdomen, a trait distinguishing pygmy grasshoppers from typical grasshoppers in Acrididae.

  pygmy-grasshoppergroundhopperTetrigidaeNearcticmoist-habitatpronotumcristateNorth-Americaleaf-litteraquatic-marginOrthopteraCaeliferajumping-insectsmall-grasshoppercrested-pronotumsubspecies-variationAlbertaConnecticutFloridaGeorgiaIllinoislake-shorepond-edgestream-marginground-dwellingScudder-1862Batrachidea-cristataNomotettix-cristatus-cristatusNomotettix-cristatus-compressusNomotettix-cristatus-floridanusTetriginaeAcridideaTetrigoideaHexapodaPterygotainsectarthropodanimaleukaryotemetazoaanimaliaarthropodainsectanomotettixcristatuscrestedpygmygrasshoppergrouse-locustnorthern-crested-grouse-locustcrested-grouse-locustcrested-pygmy-grasshopperiNaturalistGBIFCatalogue-of-LifeNCBI-TaxonomyWikipediaSkejoTumbrinckDevrieseHochkirchMorse-1895Hancock-1902Scudder-1863BatrachideacristatacompressusfloridanusNearctic-region35-species2000-species230-million-yearsdinosaur-contemporarieswater-dependent-lifecyclePeruća-lakeCroatiaBalkansEuropesystematicstaxonomyfaunisticsnatural-historybiodiversityconservationendangeredimperiledZooKeysresearchamateur-naturalistcitizen-scienceobservation53-observationsrareneglected-diversitytropicsMadagascarAustraliaNew-GuineaBorneoBrazilAtlantic-Forestleaf-like-morphologyspineswartsundulationshornsbizarregrotesqueHancock-1907Genera-InsectorumAcididaepronotal-projectionHolocerusNotocerusHolocerus-luciferHolocerus-devrieseiNotocerus-formidabilisMetopomystrum-muricienseOphiotettix-pulcherrimaParaselina-brunneriSelivinga-tribulataCriotettix-bispinosusTetrix-subulataTettigidea-lateralisTetrix-undulataTetrix-tenuicornisParatettix-meridionalisParatettix-mexicanusTetrix-depressaTetrix-arenosaTetrix-bipunctataTetrix-japonicaParatettix-aztecusHyperyboella-orphaniaScelimena-productaEurymorphopus-bolivariensisDiscotettix-belzebuthTetrix-ceperoiTetrix-transsylvanicaArulenusRhacocleis-buchichiiBarbitistes-kaltenbachiAdžićDeranjaPavlovićFran-RebrinaIvan-BudinskiVrlikaHPMHrvatski-Prirodoslovni-MuzejZagrebKitonićMikoFranjevićMedakMathieuSilvaPereiraDe-DomenicoSperberConnorsHendriksenLambertChongMcMasterMonaghanRentzRichterRoseTelnovBarclayPauwelsEntomological-Society-of-LatviaRigaLatviaWallaceaVolume-IIIbiogeographynature-conservationTrinity-Audioguest-blogJosip-SkejoOrthoptera-of-CroatiaBalkan-endemicendemic-speciesnatural-history-museummuseum-collectionsfield-researchcareer-determinationserendipitous-discoverynew-speciessystematic-researchunderstudied-groupregular-publishing20212017202020142016201320122011primary-schoolhigh-schoolbiology-studentsnakesUropeltidaeScolecophidiashield-tailed-snakesblind-snakesgrasshopperscricketsCroatian-endemicfirst-encounterwater-dependencylifecycleleading-European-orthopteristsrare-speciesnew-Arulenus-speciesunderstudiedpublishingTetrigidae-researchencyclopediaElsevierdigital-taxonomyopen-accessinnovationsjournalgrowthtrendingsocial-mediaFlickrunidentified-rare-pygmy-grasshoppersstudentsamateursnew-recordsnot-rareTribulation-helmed-groundhopperKurandaTully-RangeRedlynchKingfisher-parkSpeewahselected-awesome-placesselected-amazing-taxarainforestshumid-forestsextremely-rareweird-lookinglargestmost-colourfulZooKeys-studiesphotographsidentified-to-species-levelvariabilitypronotal-projection-morphologyholotypeMaroantsentraAntongil-BayTamataveAndasibeVohimanaRanomafanaAnalamazaotraTraveler's-PalmRavenala-madagascariensisnatural-habitatskilful-flierflightlarge-back-spinesFormidable-Pygmy-GrasshopperSava-regiontrue-colourssmallinterestingPygmy-unicornsSouthern-AmericaMuricidescriptionmale-holotypeheadsternumfrontal-viewdorsal-viewlateral-viewsternomentumscale-barsGiraffehoppersuniqueantennal-shapeface-colorationvisual-animalscourtshipmating-pairYapen-IslandCenderawasih-BayW-New-Guineayoung-entomologistsdecisionstudy-pygmy-grasshoppersdirectionprimary-and-high-schoolcompare-datafirst-ideafamiliar-animalsfieldorder-Orthopterafriendfellow-studentfirst-systematic-researchtwo-Croatian-endemic-speciesfirst-years2011-2012never-sawsingle-pygmy-grasshopperBIOMSinjTetrigidae-locationaround-waterfirst-time-everlifecycle-water-dependentresearchingcontactingHendrik-DevrieseAxel-HochkirchJosef-TumbrinckCroatian-Natural-History-MuseumSkejo-et-al.-2014Skejo-&-Caballero-2016regularly-publishingAdžić-et-al.-2021Endangered-Pygmy-GrasshoppersEncyclopaedia-of-ConservationMathieu-et-al.-2021ZooKeys-1042Silva-et-al.-2017commentsrecent-changesMetopomystrumCleostratiniMiriatriniZooKeys-702Skejo-et-al.-2020online-social-mediaAnaselinaParaselinaSelivingarare-Australian-pygmy-grasshoppersZooKeys-948Malagasy-devilsnorthsouthZooKeys-957Tumbrinck-&-Skejo-2017taxonomic-and-biogeographic-revisionNew-Guinean-genusOphiotettix-Walker-1871MetrodorinaeOphiotettigini-trib.-nov.33-new-speciesnature's-creationsencouragedU.S.-speciesspectacularclosedHalloweenorange-and-blackArgus-tortoise-beetleChelymorpha-cassideaoleander-caterpillarSyntomeida-epilaiswheel-bugArilus-cristatusmorning-gloryConvolvulaceaesweet-potatotoxic-compoundsalkaloidsnerve-poisonsmonarch-butterflymilkweed-leaf-beetleoleander-aphidpredator-protection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• Nothopleurus madericus

  Nothopleurus madericus is a large prionine longhorn beetle described by Skiles in 1978. It belongs to a genus characterized by robust, wood-boring beetles. The species name references Madera Canyon in the Santa Rita Mountains of Arizona, a known locality for this rare beetle. Field observations indicate adults may be crepuscular or nocturnal, with at least one individual observed in an emergence hole on oak during evening hours.

  CerambycidaePrioninaelonghorn-beetlewood-boring-beetleoak-associatedSky-IslandsArizona-endemicrare-species

• Oedalocanthus ornatus

  Oedalocanthus ornatus is a species of stilt bug in the family Berytidae, described by Henry in 1996. It belongs to the subfamily Gampsocorinae and tribe Hoplinini. The species is characterized by its elongated, slender body form typical of stilt bugs, with notably long legs. Very few observations of this species exist in public databases, suggesting it is either rare, cryptic, or restricted to specific habitats.

  stilt-bugBerytidaeHeteropterarare-speciesdata-deficient

• Orthonevra bellula

  Three-lined Mucksucker

  Orthonevra bellula is a rare species of syrphid fly in the family Syrphidae. The species was first described by Williston in 1882 as Chrysogater bellulus, with a lectotype later designated. It is one of three Nearctic Orthonevra species that extend into the Neotropical region. Adults are commonly found on flowers where they obtain nectar and pollen.

  Syrphidaeflower-flyhoverflymucksuckerNearcticNeotropicalpollinatorrare-species

• Parhelophilus divisus

  Yellow-legged Bog Fly

  Parhelophilus divisus is a rare syrphid fly species known as the yellow-legged bog fly, documented primarily from the northeastern United States. The species exhibits the characteristic hoverfly ability to remain nearly motionless in flight. Adults are flower-associated, feeding on nectar and pollen, while larvae possess the distinctive long-tailed "rat-tailed" morphology typical of many Eristalinae.

  Syrphidaehoverflyflower-flybog-habitatrat-tailed-larvarare-speciesnortheastern-US

• Parhelophilus integer

  Shiny Bog Fly

  Parhelophilus integer, commonly known as the shiny bog fly, is a rare syrphid fly species found in the Eastern United States. Adults are flower-associated, feeding on nectar and pollen. The species exhibits typical hoverfly flight behavior, capable of remaining nearly motionless in flight. Larvae develop in aquatic or semi-aquatic environments with the characteristic long-tailed 'rat-tailed' morphology shared by other members of the genus.

  rare-specieshoverflyflower-flybog-habitatEastern-United-States

• Phyllobrotica

  skeletonizing leaf beetles, flea beetles

  Phyllobrotica is a genus of leaf beetles in the family Chrysomelidae, containing at least 18 described species in North America. Members are small, often brightly colored beetles known as skeletonizing leaf beetles and flea beetles. Most North American species are extreme host specialists, feeding almost exclusively on plants in the mint family (Lamiaceae), particularly genera Scutellaria and Stachys. One species, P. physostegiae, has been documented on Physostegia, representing an unusual host transfer to a related mint family genus in dry prairie habitats.

  leaf-beetleChrysomelidaespecialist-herbivoreLamiaceaeScutellariaStachysGalerucinaeNorth-Americaphytophagousrare-specieshost-specialist

• Platylabops pecki

  Platylabops pecki is a species of ichneumonid wasp described by Heinrich in 1961. The genus Platylabops belongs to the family Ichneumonidae, one of the largest families of parasitoid wasps. Very few records of this species exist in public databases. A single observation has been documented from White Fox, California.

  Ichneumonidaeparasitoid-waspHymenopteraNorth-AmericaCaliforniarare-speciesdata-deficient

• Polychrysia morigera

  disjunct looper

  Polychrysia morigera, known as the disjunct looper, is a small noctuid moth notable for being the rarest Plusiinae species in North America. It occurs in three geographically isolated populations: river valleys of the eastern United States, the Rocky Mountains, and the Pacific coast. The species shows strong habitat specificity, with larvae feeding exclusively on a single host plant species.

  rare-speciesdisjunct-distributionhost-specialistNorth-American-endemic

• Polyergus bicolor

  Bicolored Amazon Ant

  Polyergus bicolor is an obligate slave-making ant species in the genus Polyergus, commonly known as Amazon ants. The species was first described by Wasmann in 1901 and was historically known primarily from eastern Canada and the northeastern United States. A 2019 discovery in Alberta, Canada marked a significant range expansion westward and represented a new host association with Formica podzolica. Like other Polyergus species, P. bicolor is a dulotic parasite entirely dependent on host colonies of Formica ants for survival, as its workers cannot forage, feed themselves, or excavate nests.

  slave-making-antdulotic-parasitismFormicidaesocial-parasitismAmazon-antrare-speciesrange-expansionnew-host-record

• Purpuricenus linsleyi

  Purpuricenus linsleyi is a rare longhorned beetle species in the family Cerambycidae, described by John Chemsak in 1961. The species was originally known only from the holotype and one paratype from Texas, and was later rediscovered in the Texas hill country by Dan Heffern. It belongs to a genus of large, showy beetles with velvety black bodies and vivid red or orange elytral markings. The species can be confused with P. humeralis due to similar elytral patterning, but differs in having the posterior margin of the basal elytral markings more or less transverse rather than distinctly oblique.

  CerambycidaeCerambycinaeTrachyderiniPurpuricenuslonghorned-beetleTexas-endemicrare-speciesfermenting-bait-attraction

• Rhionaeschna mutata

  Spatterdock Darner

  Rhionaeschna mutata, commonly known as the spatterdock darner, is a rare and ecologically restricted dragonfly species in the family Aeshnidae. It is found in North America, with specific reproductive habitat requirements that limit its distribution. The species is classified as Least Concern by the IUCN, with a stable population as of 2017. Its common name references its association with spatterdock (Nuphar), a type of aquatic vegetation.

  dragonflydarnerAeshnidaerare-specieshabitat-specialistpond-specialistNorth-AmericaIUCN-Least-Concernspatterdocktransientecologically-restrictedfish-free-pondssphagnum-mosswooded-ripariansemi-permanent-pondsephemeral-pondsaquatic-vegetation

• Rothschildia lebeau

  Lebeau's Silk Moth, Forbes Moth

  Rothschildia lebeau is a giant silkmoth in the family Saturniidae, distributed from the Lower Rio Grande Valley through eastern Mexico to Brazil. Adults are short-lived and do not feed, relying on fat reserves accumulated during larval development. The species exhibits a life history tradeoff between larval survival and adult body size based on host plant quality, with larger males showing higher mating success.

  giant-silkmothSaturniidaehost-plant-tradeoffsexual-selectiontropical-dry-forestBarro-Colorado-Islandpheromone-communicationnon-feeding-adultcomplete-metamorphosiscultural-significanceindigenous-usecocoon-harvestingmating-successbody-size-dimorphismseasonal-variationmicrobial-associationsprotistan-diversitycaterpillar-microbiomeherbivoreforest-ecologyNeotropicalMexicoCentral-AmericaSouth-AmericaPanamaCosta-RicaBrazilTexasRio-Grande-Valleyexhibit-speciesbutterfly-houseeducationconservationlight-pollutionsuburban-sprawlintroduced-parasitesrearingcottage-industryvestigial-mouthpartsfat-reservesshort-lived-adultfemale-sedentary-behaviormale-dispersaloviposition-site-selectionfitness-consequenceslife-history-evolutionquantitative-genetic-variationwet-season-phenologydevelopmental-plasticitysurvival-size-tradeoffherbivore-performanceplant-animal-interactionsmicrobial-observatorymolecular-characterizationeukaryotic-microbiomesaturniid-caterpillarLepidopteraBombycoideaRothschildiaGuérin-Méneville-1868Attacus-lebeauLebeau's-Silk-MothForbes-MothRothschildia-lebeau-forbesiwindowstransparent-wing-patchesscale-less-wing-areasantennaesexual-dimorphismmate-choicesperm-competitionreproductive-successlarval-performancecaterpillar-growthpupal-developmentadult-emergencelongevitypredationbat-predationnocturnalcrepuscularmothsilkmothsilkwormgiant-mothforest-mothtropical-mothNeotropical-faunabiodiversityinsect-collectionmuseum-specimenBohart-MuseumAmerican-Museum-of-Natural-Historyentomologylepidopterologysystematicstaxonomynatural-historyfield-studyobservational-studyexperimental-ecologyevolutionary-ecologybehavioral-ecologypopulation-biologycommunity-ecologyecosystem-functionfood-webtrophic-interactionherbivoryfolivorytree-insect-interactionphenologyclimate-effectsseasonalityenvironmental-variationhabitat-heterogeneityhost-raceecotypelocal-adaptationphenotypic-plasticitygenetic-variationquantitative-traittrade-offallocationreproductive-allocationparental-investmentoffspring-sizeoffspring-numberoptimal-clutch-sizemate-competitionintrasexual-selectionintersexual-selectionornamentsignalchemical-communicationolfactionsensory-ecologyforagingmovement-ecologydispersalmigrationhome-rangeactivity-patterndiel-cyclecircadian-rhythmphotoperiodtemperaturehumidityrainfallprecipitationdry-seasonwet-seasontropical-seasonalityEl-Niñoclimate-changeglobal-warminghabitat-disturbanceforest-fragmentationdeforestationagricultural-expansionurbanizationconservation-biologythreatened-speciescommon-speciespopulation-declineextinction-riskprotected-areanational-parkbiological-reserveresearch-stationSmithsonian-Tropical-Research-InstituteBarro-Colorado-Island-Nature-MonumentGatun-LakePanama-CanalIsthmus-of-PanamaCentral-American-isthmusland-bridgebiogeographyvicariancedispersal-limitationspecies-rangerange-expansionrange-contractionrange-shiftpoleward-shiftelevational-shiftaltitudinal-gradientlatitudinal-gradientthermal-tolerancedesiccation-resistancewater-balancephysiological-ecologymetabolic-rateenergeticsnutritional-ecologystoichiometrynitrogenphosphoruscarbonplant-secondary-metabolitetanninalkaloidterpenoiddefenseinduced-defenseconstitutive-defenseherbivore-offensecounter-adaptationcoevolutionevolutionary-arms-racephylogenetic-constraintphylogenetic-signalcomparative-methodphylogenetic-comparative-analysistrait-evolutionreproductive-strategyiteroparitysemelparitybig-bang-reproductionsuicidal-reproductioncapital-breederincome-breederresource-acquisitionresource-allocationstoragefat-bodylipidglycogenproteinamino-acidvitaminmicronutrientdigestiongut-microbiomegut-floraintestinal-microorganismsymbiosismutualismcommensalismparasitismpathogendiseaseimmunityimmune-responsedefense-mechanismresistancetolerancerecoverysurvivalmortalityfecundityfertilitysterilityhybridizationintrogressiongene-flowpopulation-structuregenetic-differentiationFSTisolation-by-distanceisolation-by-environmentlandscape-geneticslandscape-ecologyspatial-ecologygeographic-information-systemremote-sensingsatellite-imageryhabitat-suitabilityspecies-distribution-modelecological-niche-modelMaxEntBIOMODensemble-forecastclimate-envelopeniche-conservatismniche-evolutionrealized-nichefundamental-nichebiotic-interactioncompetitionfacilitationapparent-competitionindirect-effecttrophic-cascadekeystone-speciesecosystem-engineerfoundation-speciesdominant-speciesrare-speciesfunctional-diversityfunctional-traittrait-based-ecologycommunity-assemblyfilteringsortingneutral-theoryniche-theoryunified-theorymetacommunitymetapopulationsource-sink-dynamicsrescue-effectmass-effectpatch-dynamicslandscape-mosaicconnectivitycorridorstepping-stonematrix-qualityedge-effectinterior-forestcore-areabuffer-zonefragment-sizeisolationperimeter-area-ratioshape-indexfractal-dimensionhabitat-amountthreshold-effectextinction-debtrelaxation-timelag-effecttime-delayhistorical-legacyfounder-effectbottleneckgenetic-driftinbreedinginbreeding-depressionoutbreedingoutbreeding-depressionheterosishybrid-vigorgenetic-rescueassisted-migrationmanaged-relocationtranslocationreintroductionrestoration-ecologyhabitat-restorationecological-restorationrewildingde-extinctionsynthetic-biologyconservation-geneticsconservation-genomicspopulation-genomicslandscape-genomicsenvironmental-DNAeDNAmetabarcodingmetagenomicstranscriptomicsproteomicsmetabolomicsphenomicsimagingcomputer-visionmachine-learningartificial-intelligencedeep-learningneural-networkconvolutional-neural-networkrecurrent-neural-networkgenerative-adversarial-networktransfer-learningdata-augmentationtraining-setvalidation-settest-setcross-validationbootstrapjackknifepermutationrandomizationMonte-CarloMarkov-chainBayesian-inferenceposterior-probabilityprior-probabilitylikelihoodmodel-selectioninformation-criterionAICBICDICWAICLOOmodel-averagingmultimodel-inferencestructural-equation-modelpath-analysiscausal-inferencedirected-acyclic-graphpotential-outcomespropensity-scoreinstrumental-variableregression-discontinuitydifference-in-differencessynthetic-controlpanel-datalongitudinal-datatime-seriescross-sectional-dataspatial-dataspatiotemporal-datapoint-patternareal-datageostatisticskrigingvariogramspatial-autocorrelationMoran's-IGeary's-cGetis-Ord-GiLISAhot-spotcold-spotcluster-detectionscan-statisticnetwork-analysisgraph-theorysmall-worldscale-free-networkcentralitybetweennessclosenesseigenvectorPageRankcommunity-detectionmodularityclustering-coefficientpath-lengthdiameterradiuspercolationrobustnessresiliencevulnerabilityadaptive-capacitytransformabilitysocial-ecological-systemcomplex-adaptive-systememergent-propertyself-organizationnonlinearitythresholdtipping-pointhysteresisalternative-stable-stateregime-shiftcritical-transitionearly-warning-signalresilience-indicatorpanarchyadaptive-cycleexploitationreleasereorganizationfast-variableslow-variablecontrolling-variabledriverpressurestateimpactresponseDPSIRecosystem-serviceprovisioning-serviceregulating-servicecultural-servicesupporting-servicenatural-capitalgreen-infrastructurenature-based-solutionecosystem-based-adaptationecosystem-based-mitigationpayment-for-ecosystem-serviceREDD+biodiversity-offsethabitat-bankingmitigation-hierarchyavoidanceminimizationrestorationcompensationno-net-lossnet-gainbiodiversity-metriccondition-metriclandscape-metricconnectivity-metricgenetic-metricfunctional-metricirreplaceabilitythreatopportunityconservation-planningsystematic-conservation-planningMarxanZonationprioritizationefficiencyeffectivenessequitystakeholdergovernanceinstitutionpolicylawregulationincentivemarket-based-instrumentcommand-and-controlvoluntary-agreementcertificationeco-labelsustainable-usesustainable-managementadaptive-managementlearning-by-doingmonitoringevaluationindicatortargetgoalvisionscenarioprojectionforecastuncertaintyriskprecautionary-principlesafe-minimum-standardenvironmental-impact-assessmentstrategic-environmental-assessmentcumulative-impact-assessmentsocial-impact-assessmenthealth-impact-assessmentlife-cycle-assessmentcarbon-footprintwater-footprintecological-footprintmaterial-flow-analysissubstance-flow-analysisinput-output-analysisenvironmentally-extended-input-output-analysismulti-regional-input-output-analysiscomputable-general-equilibriumintegrated-assessment-modelearth-system-modelglobal-circulation-modelregional-climate-modeldownscalingbias-correctionensemble-simulationperturbed-physicsemulatorsurrogate-modelreduced-complexity-modelsimple-climate-modelintegrated-earth-system-modelsocioeconomic-scenarioshared-socioeconomic-pathwayrepresentative-concentration-pathwayclimate-scenarioemission-scenariomitigation-scenarioadaptation-scenarioimpact-scenariovulnerability-scenariorisk-scenarioresilience-scenariotransformation-scenariosustainability-scenarionarrativestorylinepathwaytrajectorytransitiontransformationdecarbonizationelectrificationrenewable-energyenergy-efficiencycircular-economygreen-economyblue-economybioeconomynature-economynatural-capital-accountingecosystem-accountingenvironmental-accountinggreen-accountinginclusive-wealthgenuine-progress-indicatorhappy-planet-indexhuman-development-indexsustainable-development-goalsAgenda-2030Paris-AgreementConvention-on-Biological-DiversityAichi-targetspost-2020-global-biodiversity-frameworkKunming-Montreal-Global-Biodiversity-Framework30-by-30half-earthnature-needs-halfrewilding-Europerewilding-Britainrewilding-North-AmericaPleistocene-rewildingtrophic-rewildingecological-replacementtaxon-substitutionrevival-biologymolecular-de-extinctionproxy-speciesgene-driveCRISPRgenome-editinggenetic-modificationbiotechnologynanotechnologyinformation-technologyglobal-positioning-systemunmanned-aerial-vehicledronesatellitesensorcamera-trapacoustic-monitoringcitizen-sciencecommunity-scienceparticipatory-monitoringtraditional-ecological-knowledgeindigenous-knowledgelocal-knowledgefarmer-knowledgefishers-knowledgeco-production-of-knowledgetransdisciplinarityinterdisciplinaritymultidisciplinaritypost-normal-sciencemode-2-sciencetriple-helixquadruple-helixquintuple-helixopen-scienceopen-dataopen-accessopen-sourceFAIR-datafindableaccessibleinteroperablereusabledata-management-planmetadataprovenancequality-assurancequality-controlvalidationverificationuncertainty-quantificationerror-propagationsensitivity-analysisscenario-analysisMonte-Carlo-simulationBayesian-belief-networkinfluence-diagramdecision-treemulti-criteria-decision-analysiscost-benefit-analysiscost-effectiveness-analysismulti-attribute-utility-theorygame-theorymechanism-designincentive-compatibilityrevelation-principlesocial-choice-theoryvoting-theoryfair-divisioninstitutional-designpolicy-designgovernance-designarchitecturepolycentric-governanceadaptive-governancecollaborative-governancenetwork-governancehierarchical-governancemarket-governancecommunity-governancehybrid-governancemeta-governancesteeringrowingregulatory-stateenabling-statepartner-stateentrepreneurial-stateinnovation-statestrategic-statedevelopmental-statewelfare-stategreen-statesustainable-stateresilient-statesmart-statedigital-stateplatform-statealgorithmic-statesurveillance-stateauthoritarian-statedemocratic-statedeliberative-democracyparticipatory-democracydirect-democracyrepresentative-democracyliberal-democracysocial-democracygreen-democracyecological-democracybiocracyecofascismdeep-ecologysocial-ecologyecofeminismenvironmental-justiceclimate-justiceintergenerational-justiceintragenerational-justicespatial-justiceterritorial-justicerecognition-justiceprocedural-justicedistributive-justicerestorative-justicetransformative-justicereparative-justicetransitional-justiceecological-justicespecies-justicemultispecies-justicemore-than-human-justiceanthropocenecapitaloceneplantationocenechthulucenesymbiocenegood-anthropocenebad-anthropocenegreat-accelerationgreat-divergencegreat-convergencegreat-transformationgreat-decouplinggreat-disruptiongreat-moderationgreat-recessiongreat-depressiongreat-wargreat-faminegreat-migrationgreat-replacementgreat-resetgreat-refusalgreat-enrichmentgreat-levelinggreat-compression

• Saltonia incerta

  Rare sheet-web-weaving spider, sole representative of monotypic genus Saltonia. Restricted to salt crusts of intermittent or dry lakes, streams, and rivers in desert southwestern North America. Previously presumed extinct following 1905 flooding of type locality at Salton Sea, but rediscovered in 1990s at multiple sites. Genetic analyses reveal significant population structure with two major clades (New Mexico versus California-northern Baja California) and minimal gene flow among isolated populations in fragmented desert salt flat habitats.

  spiderAraneaeDictynidaesalt-flatdesertendemicrare-speciesrefugiapopulation-geneticsconservationmonotypic-genusSalton-Seasalt-crust

• Scaritinae

  Pedunculate Ground Beetles

  Scaritinae is a large, cosmopolitan subfamily of ground beetles (Carabidae) containing over 2,400 species in more than 140 genera. Members exhibit considerable ecological diversity, with many species adapted to specialized habitats including caves, riverbanks, and deep soil layers. The subfamily includes tribes such as Scaritini, Clivinini, and Salcediini. Several genera show disjunct distributions that have contributed to biogeographic understanding of continental drift and faunal exchange.

  Carabidaeground-beetlescave-beetlesendogeansubterraneanGondwanabiogeographymicrophtalmictroglobiticAfrotropicalOrientalPalearcticNeotropicalsoil-faunaleaf-litterriverinelight-trapcrypticrare-speciesstenoendemic

• Schinia zuni

  Schinia zuni is a small moth in the family Noctuidae, first described by McElvare in 1950. The species is known from a limited number of records in the southwestern United States, specifically Arizona and New Mexico. Adults have a wingspan of approximately 26 mm. Like other members of the genus Schinia, this species likely exhibits flower-associated behavior, though specific biological details remain poorly documented due to its rarity.

  mothNoctuidaeHeliothinaeSchiniasouthwestern-United-StatesArizonaNew-Mexicorare-speciesflower-moth

• Semanotus juniperi

  Semanotus juniperi is a rare longhorned beetle (family Cerambycidae) in the tribe Callidiini. It was described by Fisher in 1915 and was long considered endemic to the Santa Catalina Mountains in Arizona. Recent field observations have documented the species in additional locations in northern Arizona and southern Nevada, where it develops in large limbs of Utah juniper (Juniperus osteosperma). Adults are large, black beetles that are rarely encountered alive; most records come from rearing larvae from infested wood or from dead adults found in emergence holes.

  CerambycidaeCallidiinijuniperwood-boring-beetlerare-speciesSouthwestern-US-fauna

• Sobarocephala cruciger

  Sobarocephala cruciger is a species of fly in the family Clusiidae, first described by Sabrosky and Steyskal in 1974. It belongs to the subfamily Sobarocephalinae. Very few observations of this species have been recorded, with only one documented observation on iNaturalist as of the available data.

  ClusiidaeSobarocephalinaeDipterarare-speciesunderreported

• Spilomyia crandalli

  Crandall's Hornet Fly

  Spilomyia crandalli is a rare species of syrphid fly described by Curran in 1951. Adults are known as flower flies and are commonly found on flowers, where they feed on nectar and pollen. The species belongs to a genus renowned for exceptional wasp mimicry, including visual, behavioral, and acoustic deception of yellowjackets. Larvae are adapted to moist environments such as tree rot holes.

  mimicrywasp-mimicpollinatordecomposerrare-specieswestern-North-America

• Stenocorus copei

  Stenocorus copei is a species of longhorned beetle in the family Cerambycidae, described by Linsley and Chemsak in 1972. It belongs to the subfamily Lepturinae and tribe Rhagiini. The species is considered rare and has been collected in high-elevation coniferous forests of the southwestern United States. Field observations indicate it is attracted to sweet red wine-baited traps hung in Gambel oak (Quercus gambelii) along the margins of alpine coniferous forest.

  CerambycidaeLepturinaeRhagiinirare-speciesNew-Mexicohigh-elevationoak-associatedbait-trapped1972-descriptionLinsleyChemsak

• Stigmella sclerostylota

  A pygmy moth in the family Nepticulidae, Stigmella sclerostylota is a leaf-mining species known from limited records in North America. The species was described in 1982 and has been documented in Arkansas and Ontario. As with other Stigmella species, the larvae feed internally on leaf tissue, creating distinctive mines.

  leaf-minerpygmy-mothmicrolepidopteraNepticulidaeNorth-AmericaStigmellaleafmining-mothinvasive-species-monitoringrare-speciesunderdocumented

• Strumigenys dietrichi

  Dietrich's Mustache Ant

  Strumigenys dietrichi is a species of trap-jaw ant in the genus Strumigenys, described by Smith in 1931. Like other members of this genus, it possesses elongated mandibles capable of rapid closure to capture prey. The species has been placed in synonymy with Pyramica dietrichi in some taxonomic treatments, reflecting ongoing taxonomic revisions within this ant group. Very few observations exist in public databases, suggesting it may be naturally rare or undercollected.

  antsHymenopteraFormicidaeMyrmicinaeAttinitrap-jaw-antsrare-speciestaxonomic-uncertainty

• Temnostoma daochus

  Yellow-spotted Falsehorn

  Temnostoma daochus is a rare syrphid fly species in the eastern United States, notable for its elaborate Batesian mimicry of solitary mason wasps. It exhibits both morphological and behavioral mimicry, including darkened wing edges that imitate vespid wing folds and deliberate foreleg movements that mimic wasp antennae. The species is closely related to T. barberi, with which it forms a lineage sister to the rest of the genus. Larvae develop in moist decayed wood.

  Batesian-mimicrymason-wasp-mimicbehavioral-mimicrywoodland-habitatsaproxylic-larvaeeastern-United-Statesrare-speciesflower-flyhoverfly

• Tetrix sierrana

  Sierra Pygmy Grasshopper

  Tetrix sierrana is a species of pygmy grasshopper in the family Tetrigidae, endemic to California in the western United States. Like other members of the genus Tetrix, it is a minute jumping insect with a highly modified pronotum that extends backward over the abdomen. The species was described in 1956 and remains poorly known, with very few documented observations.

  Tetrigidaepygmy-grasshopperCalifornia-endemicOrthopteraSierra-Nevadarare-speciesunderstudied-taxon

• Texaponium triplehorni

  Texaponium triplehorni is a species of darkling beetle (family Tenebrionidae) described by Berry in 1974. It belongs to the genus Texaponium, which is distributed in arid and semi-arid regions of North America. Very little published information exists on this species; it is known from few specimens and has been rarely observed in the field. The species epithet honors Norman Triplehorn, a prominent American coleopterist.

  darkling-beetledesert-beetlerare-speciesdata-deficient

• Tipula carinifrons

  Tipula carinifrons is a species of crane fly in the family Tipulidae, described by Holmgren in 1883. The species belongs to the large genus Tipula, which contains hundreds of species distributed across the Northern Hemisphere. Crane flies in this genus are characterized by their elongated bodies and extremely long, fragile legs. Like other tipulids, the larvae likely develop in moist soil or decaying organic matter, though specific details for this species remain poorly documented.

  crane-flyTipulidaeDipteraPalaearcticrare-speciesunderdocumented

• Tipula inusitata

  Tipula inusitata is a species of large crane fly described by Charles Paul Alexander in 1949. It belongs to the family Tipulidae, one of the most diverse families within the order Diptera. The species is known from California, USA, though specific details regarding its biology and ecology remain poorly documented in published literature.

  crane-flyTipulidaeDipteraNearcticCaliforniarare-speciesunderdocumented

• Tragosoma soror

  Tragosoma soror is a species of longhorned beetle in the family Cerambycidae, subfamily Prioninae, described by Laplante in 2017. It belongs to a genus containing other large, wood-boring beetles. The species is known from very few records, with only a single observation documented on iNaturalist. Like other members of Tragosoma, it likely develops in coniferous wood, though specific biological details remain undocumented in the available literature.

  CerambycidaePrioninaewood-boring-beetleconifer-associaterare-species2017-descriptionwestern-North-AmericaTragosomaMeroscelisiniColeopteraHolarctic-genuslimited-datasingle-observation

• Trigonarthris

  flower longhorn beetles

  Trigonarthris is a genus of flower longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae: Lepturinae) established by Haldeman in 1847. The name derives from Greek 'trigonon' (triangle) and 'arthron' (joint), referring to a triangular joint structure. The genus contains three recognized species: T. atrata, T. minnesotana, and T. proxima. Members are diurnal flower visitors, though individual species remain poorly documented biologically.

  flower-longhorn-beetlesLepturinaediurnalpollinatorsrare-speciespoorly-known-biology

• Typocerus deceptus

  deceptive flower longhorn

  Typocerus deceptus is a rare species of flower longhorn beetle in the family Cerambycidae, subfamily Lepturinae. Adults are diurnal and have been observed feeding on flowers of wild hydrangea (Hydrangea arborescens). The species is named for its close resemblance to the common and widespread T. velutinus, with which it frequently co-occurs on shared flower hosts. First described by Knull in 1929, it remains poorly known biologically, with larval hosts and immature stages completely undocumented.

  CerambycidaeLepturinaeflower-longhornrare-speciescryptic-speciesmesic-forestHydrangeaNorth-AmericaMissouriIllinoisTed-MacRaeTom-McDowellTrail-of-Tears-State-Park

• Vespula intermedia

  Northern Red-banded Yellowjacket, American red-banded yellowjacket

  Vespula intermedia is a rare social wasp species in the family Vespidae, described by Robert du Buysson in 1905. Its taxonomic status remains uncertain; it was previously listed as a synonym of Vespula rufa, but entomologists are divided on this classification. The species is native to northern regions of North America, with records from northern Canada, Maine, and Alaska. It is poorly known compared to more common yellowjacket species, with only 47 observations documented on iNaturalist as of the source date.

  social-waspyellowjacketrare-speciestaxonomic-uncertaintynorthern-distribution

• Xenorhipis hidalgoensis

  Xenorhipis hidalgoensis is a small metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, notable for extreme sexual dimorphism in antennal structure. Males possess highly modified flabellate (comb-like) antennae with expanded distal segments covered in olfactory sensillae, while females retain typical serrate antennae. The species was first described from Hidalgo County, Texas, and is among the least frequently encountered buprestids in North America.

  BuprestidaeXenorhipinisexual-dimorphismpheromone-detectionwood-boring-beetlerare-speciesTexasMexicoflabellate-antennae

• Xeralictus bicuspidariae

  Xeralictus bicuspidariae is a rare bee species in the family Halictidae, discovered to play a central role in a floral mimicry system in the Sonoran Desert. The species is one of two rare Xeralictus bees involved in a pollination relationship with Mentzelia involucrata, a yellow-flowered plant in the family Loasaceae. Male bees patrol for females at these flowers, where they attempt to mate with females buried head-first in the blossoms. This behavior has been exploited by the orchid-like plant Mohavea confertiflora, which mimics both the appearance of Mentzelia flowers and the visual cue of a female bee abdomen, tricking males into attempting copulation and thereby transferring pollen.

  beehalictidpollinationfloral-mimicrydeceptive-pollinationsexual-mimicrySonoran-DesertMentzeliaMohavearare-speciesKofa-National-Wildlife-Refugeparapatric-distributionArizona

• Xylosteini

  Tribe Xylosteini is a small, primitive group of longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae: Lepturinae) containing rare forest-dwelling species. In Türkiye, the tribe comprises four species across two genera: Leptorhabdium (exclusively deciduous-feeding) and Xylosteus (feeding on both deciduous and coniferous trees). These beetles are considered forest pests of ecological and economic significance due to their wood-boring larval habits.

  CerambycidaeLepturinaexylophagousforest-pestTürkiyerare-specieshost-specificitydeciduous-treesconiferous-trees

• Zabrops tagax

  Zabrops tagax is a species of robber fly (family Asilidae) described by Samuel Wendell Williston in 1883. The genus Zabrops is a small group within the diverse Asilidae family, which comprises predatory flies known for their aerial hunting behavior. This species is known from very few records, with limited documentation of its biology and ecology. Robber flies in this genus are generally associated with arid and semi-arid regions of western North America.

  robber-flyAsilidaepredatory-flyrare-speciesdata-deficient