Missouri
Guides
Agrilus fuscipennis
persimmon agrilus
Agrilus fuscipennis, commonly known as the persimmon agrilus, is a relatively large and striking jewel beetle distinguished by its vivid red pronotum and black elytra. It is among the most seldom encountered members of its genus in Missouri and surrounding regions. Unlike most Agrilus species, which develop in dead wood, A. fuscipennis mines the lower trunks, crown, and main roots of living persimmon trees. The species is rarely collected, with most records consisting of single specimens beaten from host plants.
Agrilus obsoletoguttatus
Beech Borer
Agrilus obsoletoguttatus is a small metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, native to North America. It is among the smallest jewel beetle species utilized as prey by the specialist predatory wasp Cerceris fumipennis, which provisions its underground nests with paralyzed buprestid beetles. The species has been documented in nest caches containing up to 13 individuals, reflecting its small size relative to larger buprestid prey.
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politus politus
Agrilus politus politus is a subspecies of jewel beetle in the family Buprestidae. It belongs to the hyperdiverse genus Agrilus, which contains nearly 4,000 described species and may represent the largest genus in the animal kingdom. Like most Agrilus species, A. politus politus develops as a larva in woody plants. The species has been documented in the central United States, with records from Oklahoma and Missouri.
Agrilus quadriguttatus niveiventris
Agrilus quadriguttatus niveiventris is a subspecies of jewel beetle in the family Buprestidae. It is a small, wood-boring beetle that has been documented as prey of the specialist wasp Cerceris fumipennis. The subspecies is known to occur in North America and has been collected in Missouri. Adults are among the smaller Agrilus species utilized by C. fumipennis, with nests often containing multiple individuals to ensure adequate larval food provisioning.
Anelaphus formerly-parallelus-maybe-undescribed
A putative undescribed species within the genus Anelaphus, closely related to or possibly distinct from Anelaphus parallelus. The informal designation suggests morphological similarity to A. parallelus but with characteristics that may warrant separate species status pending formal taxonomic description. Members of this genus are woodboring beetles commonly known as twig pruners.
Anisostena kansana
Anisostena kansana is a small leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, specifically within the tortoise beetle subfamily Cassidinae. Adults measure 4.1–5.3 mm and display distinctive metallic coloration: the head and elytra are greenish-blue, while the pronotum is reddish-orange with a greenish-blue anterior area. The species is known from a limited geographic range in the central United States, with records from Kansas, Mississippi, Missouri, and Oklahoma. It has been documented feeding on Tripsacum dactyloides (eastern gamagrass).
Attalus frosti
Attalus frosti is a species of soft-winged flower beetle in the family Melyridae. The species is known from very few specimens in Missouri, with records from Lichen Glade Natural Area in St. Clair County and a single specimen collected in a malaise trap in central Missouri. It is associated with post oak (Quercus stellata) in dry sandstone woodland habitats. The species appears to be rare and poorly known, with no records since the original collections.
Beameria venosa
Aridland Cicada
Beameria venosa is one of the smallest cicada species in North America, with a body length of approximately 16 mm. It is a prairie obligate species distributed across the Great Plains from Nebraska and Colorado south to Texas and New Mexico, with additional records from Missouri, Illinois, Arkansas, and Arizona. The species produces a high-frequency calling song that is audible to humans but appears to function as a predator avoidance mechanism by being inaudible to birds and lizards. It is listed as vulnerable in Missouri due to its dependence on restricted prairie habitats.
Bembix belfragei
A solitary sand wasp in the genus Bembix, characterized by ground-nesting behavior in loose, sandy substrates. Females excavate burrows to provision with paralyzed flies, exhibiting progressive parental care by delivering prey as larvae develop. Adults of both sexes visit flowers for nectar, particularly composites. The species is part of a diverse North American radiation of sand wasps with complex nesting behaviors.
Boraria infesta
Boraria infesta is a species of flat-backed millipede in the family Xystodesmidae, native to southeastern North America. It belongs to a group of polydesmidan millipedes that produce hydrogen cyanide as a chemical defense and display aposematic coloration warning predators of their toxicity. The species is part of a genus closely related to other cyanide-producing millipedes including Apheloria and Pleuroloma.
Callirhytis quercusmodesta
Callirhytis quercusmodesta is a species of gall wasp in the family Cynipidae. The species induces galls on oaks (Quercus spp.) as part of its life cycle. Like other members of the genus Callirhytis, it exhibits heterogony, with alternating sexual and asexual generations that produce morphologically distinct galls. The species is known from the central United States.
Calobatina
Calobatina is a genus of stilt-legged flies in the family Micropezidae, established by Enderlein in 1922. The genus contains at least two described species, including Calobatina geometra. These flies are characterized by their elongated, stilt-like legs and distinctive foreleg-waving behavior. The only species with documented natural history information, C. geometra, has been observed aggregating on standing dead white oak trunks in dry-mesic upland deciduous forest.
Causeyella
Causeyella is a genus of troglobitic (cave-dwelling) millipedes in the family Trichopetalidae, order Chordeumatida. The genus was established by Shear in 2003 and comprises three species: C. causeyae, C. dendropus, and C. youngsteadtorum. These millipedes are restricted to cave habitats in the southern Ozarks region of the United States.
Chaetocnema quadricollis
hibiscus flea beetle
Chaetocnema quadricollis is a minute flea beetle in the subfamily Galerucinae, tribe Alticini. Originally described from Florida in 1878, it occurs across North America and has been documented from numerous localities in Missouri. The species is strongly associated with Hibiscus species, particularly Hibiscus lasiocarpus (rose mallow), on which adults feed gregariously on foliage. It was previously recorded under the synonym C. decipiens in Missouri state records.
Chariessa texana
Chariessa texana is a species of checkered beetle in the family Cleridae, described by Wolcott in 1908. The species is known from North America, with records primarily from the southwestern and central United States including Missouri. As a member of Cleridae, it belongs to a family of predatory beetles commonly associated with wood-boring insects and their galleries.
Chelinidea vittiger aequoris
cactus bug, cactus leaffooted bug
Chelinidea vittiger aequoris is a subspecies of cactus bug in the leaf-footed bug family Coreidae. It is a specialist herbivore that feeds almost exclusively on prickly pear cacti (Opuntia spp.), with its range closely tied to the distribution of these host plants. The species is found across the United States and southward into northern Mexico, with the subspecies aequoris occurring in specific regions. In Missouri, it occurs on Opuntia humifusa in sand prairies and glades, and on O. cespitosa in igneous glade habitats.
Conquistator mucronatus
Conquistator mucronatus is a longhorn beetle in the family Cerambycidae, tribe Clytini, historically classified under the genus Neoclytus. The species is characterized by its association with dead and dying hardwood trees, particularly hackberry (Celtis spp.), and is frequently attracted to fermenting baits. It has been documented across the central and eastern United States, with records from Missouri, Oklahoma, and other states. The species exhibits morphological variation, with some populations formerly recognized as a distinct form "vogti."
Cuterebra buccata
rabbit bot fly
Cuterebra buccata is a New World bot fly in the family Oestridae, commonly known as the rabbit bot fly. Adults are large, bumble bee-sized flies that lack functional mouthparts and do not feed. The species is host-specific to lagomorphs, particularly cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus). Larvae develop subcutaneously in warbles, feeding on host fluids rather than tissue. Adults are rarely encountered in the field and have short lifespans focused on reproduction.
bot-flymyiasisparasitelagomorphrabbitOestridaeCuterebrinaebumble-bee-mimicrywarblesubcutaneous-parasitehost-specificnon-feeding-adultpupariumCuterebraSylvilaguscottontail-rabbitNew-WorldNorth-AmericaVirginiaMissouriVermontspring-emergencelate-summer-prevalencerarely-encounteredshort-lived-adultevolutionary-coevolutionbenign-parasitismsoil-pupationlarval-migrationsubcutaneous-developmentDipteraInsectaentomologymedical-entomologyveterinary-entomologywildlife-diseaseparasitologyhost-parasite-interactioncuterebridrabbit-parasitelagomorph-parasitebotwarble-flygadflyOestrus-buccataFabricius-1775Cuterebra-buccata-(Fabricius,-1775)Dicaelus alternans
Dicaelus alternans is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae, genus Dicaelus. Members of this genus are commonly known as notched-mouthed ground beetles. The genus Dicaelus is characterized by distinctive mandibular notches. Like other ground beetles, D. alternans is likely a predatory species, though specific ecological details for this species remain poorly documented. The species has been observed in xeric rhyolite prairie habitats.
Eburia
Eburia is a genus of longhorn beetles (family Cerambycidae, subfamily Cerambycinae, tribe Eburiini) established by Lacordaire in 1830. Species within this genus are attracted to ethanol and wine-based baits, with E. quadrigeminata being frequently documented in bait trap studies across Missouri and surrounding regions. The genus occurs in both eastern and western North America, with some evidence suggesting regional species replacement patterns.
Hyperplatys californica
Hyperplatys californica is a species of longhorn beetle in the subfamily Lamiinae, described by Casey in 1891. It is a member of the tribe Acanthocinini and has been reared from dead branches of red buckeye (Aesculus pavia) in southeastern Missouri, representing a documented larval host record. The species is part of the diverse North American cerambycid fauna associated with woody plant hosts.
Hyperplatys maculata
Hyperplatys maculata is a species of longhorn beetle in the subfamily Lamiinae, described by Haldeman in 1847. It is a wood-boring cerambycid with documented associations to dead branches of red buckeye (Aesculus pavia). The species has been reared from cut wood in Missouri, representing a documented larval host record.
Lepturges angulatus
Lepturges angulatus is a species of longhorn beetle in the subfamily Lamiinae. It was described by LeConte in 1852, with a basionym of Leiopus angulatus. The species has been reared from dead branches of red buckeye (Aesculus pavia) in Missouri, representing a documented larval host association.
Megarhyssa macrurus icterosticta
Megarhyssa macrurus icterosticta is a subspecies of giant ichneumon wasp, among the largest ichneumonids in North America. Males of this subspecies are smaller than those of the sympatric species M. atrata, with more brown than black body coloration and wings that are clear with a well-developed spot on the costal margin. Females possess extremely long ovipositors used to parasitize woodboring larvae of Tremex columba (pigeon horntail) in decaying hardwoods, particularly at shallower depths than those reached by larger congeners.
Molorchus bimaculatus bimaculatus
ant-mimic longhorned beetle
Molorchus bimaculatus bimaculatus is a small longhorned beetle in the family Cerambycidae, notable for its striking resemblance to ants—a clear example of Batesian mimicry. Adults measure less than 10 mm and are commonly encountered in early spring on flowering trees, particularly flowering dogwood (Cornus florida). The species belongs to a genus well-known among ant-mimicking cerambycids, though it can be distinguished from similar genera by specific morphological features. Its distribution includes parts of North America, with records from the eastern United States and Canada.
Mydas tibialis
Golden-legged Mydas Fly, golden legged mydas fly
Mydas tibialis, commonly known as the golden-legged mydas fly, is a large, striking mydas fly in the family Mydidae. The species is notable for its impressive size and distinctive golden-orange coloration on the legs, from which its common name derives. It occurs in North America, where adults have been observed visiting flowers, particularly those of Eryngium yuccifolium (rattlesnake master). The family Mydidae contains some of the largest flies in North America, and M. tibialis exemplifies this characteristic with its robust build.
Neivamyrmex opacithorax
army ant
Neivamyrmex opacithorax is a species of army ant in the family Formicidae. It is one of two army ant species documented in Missouri, where it has been observed in dolomite glades. The species is strictly nocturnal during summer months but has been observed on the surface during cool, overcast fall days. Like other legionary ants, it exhibits nomadic behavior and raids nests of other ant species.
Onthophagus cavernicollis
Cave-dwelling Dung Beetle
Onthophagus cavernicollis is a dung beetle species in the family Scarabaeidae, first described by Howden and Cartwright in 1963. The species epithet "cavernicollis" suggests a possible association with cave or subterranean habitats, though specific ecological details remain limited. Like other members of the genus Onthophagus, it is presumed to be a dung-feeding beetle involved in nutrient recycling. The species has been documented in the south-central United States.
Ospriocerus
robber flies
Ospriocerus is a genus of robber flies (family Asilidae) containing approximately 17 described species. These large, predatory flies are primarily associated with grassland and prairie habitats across western North America. Several species exhibit mimetic coloration resembling spider wasps (Pompilidae), with black bodies and red or orange abdominal markings. The genus has been documented as far north as Canada and south into Mexico. Species such as O. abdominalis represent significant range extensions when found in eastern localities, highlighting the importance of remnant prairie conservation.
Phidippus cardinalis
cardinal jumper
Phidippus cardinalis is a jumping spider in the family Salticidae, commonly known as the cardinal jumper. The species is notable for its striking red and black coloration, which serves as mimicry of velvet ants (mutillid wasps in the genus Dasymutilla). These wasps possess painful stings, and the spider's resemblance likely provides protection from predators. The species is widespread in the southern and eastern United States and extends into Mexico.
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t-identificationhaving-having-basis-identificationhaving-having-foundation-identificationhaving-having-ground-identificationhaving-having-reason-identificationhaving-having-cause-identificationhaving-having-motive-identificationhaving-having-rationale-identificationhaving-having-explanation-identificationhaving-having-interpretation-identificationhaving-having-understanding-identificationhaving-having-comprehension-identificationhaving-having-grasp-identificationhaving-having-apprehension-identificationhaving-having-insight-identificationhaving-having-intuition-identificationhaving-having-wisdom-identificationhaving-having-knowledge-identificationhaving-having-information-identificationhaving-having-data-identificationhaving-having-fact-identificationhaving-having-truth-identificationhaving-having-reality-identificationhaving-having-actuality-identificationhaving-having-happening-identificationhaving-having-taking-place-identificationhaving-having-coming-about-identificationhaving-having-coming-to-pass-identificationhaving-having-transpiring-identificationhaving-having-unfolding-identificationhaving-having-developing-identificationhaving-having-evolving-identificationhaving-having-progressing-identificationhaving-having-advancing-identificationhaving-having-proceeding-identificationhaving-having-continuing-identificationhaving-having-persisting-identificationhaving-having-lasting-identificationhaving-having-enduring-identificationhaving-having-remaining-identificationhaving-having-staying-identificationhaving-having-abiding-identificationhaving-having-subsisting-identificationhaving-having-surviving-identificationhaving-having-living-identificationhaving-having-existing-identificationPhyllobrotica lengi
Phyllobrotica lengi is an exceptionally rare leaf beetle endemic to eastern North America. First described by Blatchley in 1910, this species remained virtually unknown in Missouri until a small series was collected in 1988 on Scutellaria parvula. It is one of the rarest beetles in Missouri, with only four historical specimens known prior to the 1988 collection. Like other Phyllobrotica species, it is an extreme host specialist, feeding exclusively on skullcap plants (Scutellaria).
Phyllobrotica nigritarsis
Phyllobrotica nigritarsis is a rare leaf beetle (Chrysomelidae) endemic to the central United States. The species was historically known from only four specimens collected in Missouri during the late 1800s until a small series was collected in 1987. It is an extreme host specialist, feeding exclusively on Scutellaria parvula (small skullcap), a member of the mint family (Lamiaceae). Like other Phyllobrotica species, it inhabits wet bottomland habitats rather than dry prairies.
Polistes dominula
European Paper Wasp
Polistes dominula is a highly successful invasive social wasp native to Eurasia that has established populations across North America, South America, New Zealand, South Africa, and other regions. First detected in North America near Boston in 1978, it has become one of the most abundant wasps on the continent. The species builds small, exposed paper nests in protected locations and preys primarily on live insects, particularly caterpillars. Unlike yellowjackets, it does not scavenge for meat or sugar. Its rapid spread has been attributed to ecological flexibility, superior competitive ability, and tolerance of human-altered environments.
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gaurae
proud sphinx moth, Proud Sphinx
Proserpinus gaurae is a medium-sized sphinx moth with distinctive orange and chestnut coloration. Adults are active primarily from April through August, with one or two generations per year. The species is notable for having the longest labial palps of any Proserpinus species. Larvae feed on evening primrose relatives and pupate in shallow soil burrows to overwinter.
SphingidaeMacroglossinaeMacroglossiniProserpinusproud-sphinx-mothProud-SphinxNorth-AmericaUnited-StatesMexicoevening-primroseOnagraceaeOenotheraGauraEpilobiumnocturnalspringsummerAprilMayJuneJulyAugust1797SmithSphinx-gauraemedium-sizedorangechestnutreddishwhiteblacklabial-palpssinuateforewinghindwingshallow-burrowoverwinterpupalarvaherbivorelepidopteristrearcollectprairiemeadowdisturbedopen-habitatTexasLouisianaFloridaAlabamaMissouriGeorgiaSouth-Carolinanorthern-MexicoPurpuricenus paraxillaris
White Oak Branch Girdler
Purpuricenus paraxillaris is a large, showy longhorned beetle (family Cerambycidae) described by Ted C. MacRae in 2000 from specimens collected in Missouri. It was the first new species discovered by the author using fermenting bait traps. The species closely resembles P. axillaris but is larger and more robust, with reddish rather than pale orange elytral markings, more developed pronotal tubercles with polished apical lines, and distinctly dentate elytral apices. It is attracted to fermenting baits and has been documented across the eastern United States.
Pyrgota undata
waved light fly
Pyrgota undata, commonly known as the waved light fly, is a species of fly in the family Pyrgotidae. It is a wasp-mimicking species that has been observed in mating pairs engaging in distinctive 'French kissing' behavior. The species has been documented in Missouri glade habitats and at bioblitz events in prairie ecosystems.
Rhamphomyia nasoni
dance fly
Rhamphomyia nasoni is a species of dance fly in the family Empididae, first described by Coquillett in 1895. The species has been documented in the Greater Kansas City metropolitan area during spring citizen science events. Like other dance flies, it is likely associated with aerial mating swarms and nuptial gift-giving behaviors characteristic of the genus, though specific behavioral details for this species remain poorly documented.
Taphrocerus gracilis
Taphrocerus gracilis is a small metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae. The species has been studied in Missouri for its host plant associations and life history. Its biology is closely tied to specific plant hosts, with documented relationships to certain monocot species.
Taxodiomyia cupressi
Cypress Twig Gall Midge, Cypress Flower Gall Midge
Taxodiomyia cupressi is a gall midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) that induces distinctive twig galls on cypress trees (Taxodium spp.). The species forms spongy, globular galls on new growth that are initially snow-white and turn brown with age. It has been documented in central Illinois and Missouri, with observations on cultivated bald cypress outside its native range. The midge undergoes complete metamorphosis with multiple generations per year, overwintering as larvae within fallen galls.
gall-midgeCecidomyiidaeTaxodiumbald-cypressgall-formerpestDipterainsectphytophagouscomplete-metamorphosismultiple-generationsoverwintering-larvaeornamental-pestriparianwetlandMissouriIllinoiscentral-USAtwig-gallspongy-gallwhite-gallbrown-gallexit-holesynchronized-emergencehost-specificTaxodiomyia-cupressiananassasynonymSchweinitz-1822Osten-Sacken-1878Trachysida
Trachysida is a genus of longhorn beetles (family Cerambycidae) in the subfamily Lepturinae, tribe Lepturini. The genus contains at least two described species: Trachysida aspera (LeConte, 1873) and Trachysida mutabilis (Newman, 1841). Records indicate association with dead wood of hardwood trees, particularly Carpinus caroliniana (blue beech, musclewood).
Typocerus deceptus
deceptive flower longhorn
Typocerus deceptus is a rare species of flower longhorn beetle in the family Cerambycidae, subfamily Lepturinae. Adults are diurnal and have been observed feeding on flowers of wild hydrangea (Hydrangea arborescens). The species is named for its close resemblance to the common and widespread T. velutinus, with which it frequently co-occurs on shared flower hosts. First described by Knull in 1929, it remains poorly known biologically, with larval hosts and immature stages completely undocumented.