Argentina
Guides
Amblycerus
pea and bean weevils, seed beetles
Amblycerus is the second most diverse genus of seed beetles in the Americas, containing over 60 described species. These bruchid beetles are specialized seed predators, with larvae developing inside seeds of various host plants. The genus exhibits complex evolutionary patterns of host plant association, having radiated from an ancestral association with Fabaceae into at least 12 other plant families including Sterculiaceae, Boraginaceae, and Humiriaceae. Species-level identification requires examination of male genitalia and pygidial morphology.
Aramigus tessellatus
Aramigus tessellatus is a species of broad-nosed weevil in the family Curculionidae, subfamily Entiminae. The species was originally described by Thomas Say in 1824 under the basionym Liparus tessellatus. It belongs to the tribe Naupactini, a group of weevils primarily distributed in the Americas. Distribution records indicate presence in Argentina, Brazil, and Chile, suggesting a South American range. As with many entimine weevils, adults likely feed on plant foliage, though specific host associations for this species remain poorly documented.
Ascalapha odorata
black witch, black witch moth, mariposa de la muerte, duppy bat, mariposa-bruxa, ura, money moth, money bat
The black witch moth (Ascalapha odorata) is a large, bat-shaped nocturnal moth and the largest noctuoid in the continental United States. Females reach wingspans up to 24 cm, while males are smaller at approximately 12 cm. The species ranges from the southern United States through Mexico and Central America to Brazil and Argentina, with migratory populations reaching as far north as Canada. It holds prominent cultural significance across Latin America and the Caribbean, where it is widely associated with death, misfortune, and spiritual beliefs.
nocturnalmigratoryfolklorepestcaterpillarlarge-mothlegume-feederfruit-feedercultural-significancedeath-omenCaribbeanLatin-AmericaHawaii-introducedmothLepidopteraErebidaeAscalaphaAscalapha-odoratablack-witchblack-witch-mothmariposa-de-la-muerteduppy-batmariposa-bruxauramoney-mothmoney-batPhalaena-odorataLinnaeus-1758largest-noctuoidcontinental-USbat-shapediridescentwhite-bargreen-spotorange-spotcomma-spotnine-spot24-cm-wingspan12-cm-wingspan7-cm-caterpillarAcaciaGymnocladus-dioicusKentucky-coffeetreeSenna-alatacandle-bushmesquiteFicusbananaoverripe-fruitrainforestagricultural-pestMexicoCentral-AmericaSouth-AmericaBrazilArgentinaUnited-StatesCanadaHawaiimigrationspringsummerdeathmisfortunespiritualsoulharbingerlotterymoneyhair-lossduppyghostscrewwormDermatobia-hominismisidentificationSilence-of-the-LambsBuffalo-BillKendrick-LamarTo-Pimp-a-ButterflyThysania-agrippinawhite-witchThysania-zenobiaowl-mothnoctuidErebinaehexapodarthropodinsectanimaleukaryotemetazoaanimaliaarthropodainsectanoctuoideaspeciesacceptedexact-match32867-observationsiNaturalistGBIFCatalogue-of-LifeNCBIWikipediaentomologyguidestructuredrecordtaxonconservativeaccurateinformativefactualclarityusefulnessno-speculationno-inferenceno-fabricationno-repetitionunique-contentcautious-languagedirect-sentencesconcrete-statementshigh-completenessmedium-completenesslow-completenessno-inferred-contentnull-for-unsupportedfield-intentstyle-rulesquality-rulesJSON-schemaoutput-formatno-commentaryno-extra-fieldsno-fluffno-fillerno-taxonomy-repetitionno-technical-jargonno-vague-generalizationsno-'like-most-insects'no-'typically-feeds-on-plants'has-been-observedis-known-tosupportedjustifiedexplicitly-justifiedspecies-level-traitshigher-taxaphysical-description-onlyhow-to-distinguishenvironment-conditionsgeographic-range-onlytiming-of-activityfeeding-habitsdevelopmental-stagesnotable-actionsecosystem-roleinteraction-with-humansreason-for-similaritymeaningful-misconceptionsimportant-additional-contextcleardirectconciseusefulreliablesparse-datawell-supportedpartialmost-fieldsCompsomyiops
Compsomyiops is a genus of blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) established by Townsend in 1918. Members are necrophagous and serve as important forensic indicators for postmortem interval estimation. The genus has been documented as a phoretic host for Myianoetus mites (Acari: Histiostomatidae), representing a novel dispersal association for these mites. At least two species are recognized: C. fulvicrura in South America and C. wheeleri in North America.
Crimona
Crimona is a genus of moths in the family Noctuidae, established by John Bernhardt Smith in 1902. The genus contains five described species, all described from the late 20th century except the type species. Species are recorded from South America, with known distributions in Argentina and Chile.
Cyphomyrmex
fungus-growing ants
Cyphomyrmex is a genus of small, drab-colored fungus-growing ants in the tribe Attini, found primarily in the Neotropics. These ants cultivate fungi in the tribe Leucocoprineae as their primary food source, with most species growing fungal nodules rather than full mycelial gardens. Colonies are typically monogynous and small, rarely exceeding 500 workers. The genus is divided into two species complexes: the strigatus complex (South America only) and the rimosus complex (southern North America to South America). Cyphomyrmex represents a basal lineage among attine ants and serves as sister group to Mycetophylax.
fungus-growing-antsattine-antsMyrmicinaeNeotropicalmutualismfungicultureLeucocoprineaemonogynyparasitoid-waspssocial-parasitismchemical-ecologyalkaloid-venomnest-architecturebehavioral-plasticitycytogeneticschromosome-evolutionGuiana-ShieldBrazilPanamaPuerto-RicoMesoamericaArgentinaUnited-StatesTexasCaliforniaFloridayeast-gardensmycelial-gardensrimosus-complexstrigatus-complexage-polyethismtrophallaxisthanatosisfeigning-deathDiapriidaeAcanthopriaMimopriellaMegalomyrmexsocial-parasiteC.-longiscapusC.-transversusC.-laevigatusC.-rimosusC.-minutusC.-lectusC.-cornutusC.-costatuspheromones3-octanolfarnesenestrail-followingalarm-signaldiketopiperazinesantifungal-compoundsdefensive-behaviorcolony-defenseflight-responserecruitmentLanchester's-lawskaryotypechromosome-numberrDNAmicrosatellitesFISHchamber-depthgallery-lengthfire-disturbancesavanna-forest-transitionarboreal-nestingclay-auriclessoil-nestswood-nestsepiphytic-nestsmoss-nestscoconut-nestsdesiccation-susceptibilitymoist-habitatsbasal-attinephylogeneticssister-groupchemical-evolutionvenom-alkaloidsbehavioral-manipulationhost-parasite-interactionecosystem-engineeringnutrient-cyclingdecompositionorganic-matterinsect-fecesexoskeleton-substrategarden-transplantationworker-polymorphismqueen-numberdealate-queensalatesbrood-careecdysis-assistanceforagingsugar-collectionplant-exudatesfungal-domesticationnodule-cultivationmycelium-cultivationagricultural-behaviornest-entrancefunnel-structureexposed-gardenssymbiont-diversitygeographic-variationresearch-modelevolutionary-biologymutualism-evolutionant-fungus-coevolutionchemical-communicationsocial-insectseusocialitycolony-sizesmall-coloniesslow-movementcrypsisdebris-mimicrypredation-avoidanceparasitoid-defensewasp-killingcolony-abandonmentresource-rescuethief-ant-defensevenom-resistancetoxicity-tolerancebehavioral-suppressionplaying-deadalkaloid-manipulationfungal-secondary-metabolitesantibacterial-compoundsantiviral-compoundsgarden-protectionmicrobial-defensenest-microclimatetemperature-regulationhumidity-requirementsdepth-effectsfire-adaptationdisturbance-ecologyhabitat-specificitysubstrate-specializationclay-constructionsoil-manipulationarchitectural-plasticityvertical-nestingembankment-nestingoverhang-nestingpendant-nestsswallow-nest-mimicryresearch-accessibilityfield-biologytropical-ecologyNeotropical-myrmecologybiodiversityconservationinvasive-species-contextnative-speciesbiological-controlIntegrated-Pest-Managementagricultural-ecologyforest-ecologysavanna-ecologytransitional-habitatsdisturbed-areasurban-ecologyanthropogenic-impactclimate-sensitivityhabitat-limitationrange-boundariesdispersalcolonizationestablishmentpopulation-dynamicsdemographycolony-densitynest-spacingintraspecific-competitioninterspecific-competitionterritorialityresource-defensecombat-behavioraggression-levelsrecruitment-behaviorchemical-signalingalarm-pheromonestrail-pheromonesrecognition-cuescuticular-hydrocarbonsvenom-compositiondefensive-secretionsmandibular-glandsDufour's-glandmetapleural-glandsantibiotic-productiongrooming-behaviorfungal-inoculationintegumental-fungiyeast-growthlarval-groominggarden-maintenancesubstrate-preparationfecal-fertilizeranal-trophallaxiscrop-regurgitationfluid-applicationdrying-behaviornodule-formationtransplantation-behaviorgarden-establishmentceiling-gardensroot-associationarchitectural-innovationnest-site-selectionmicrohabitat-choicemoisture-requirementsthermal-bufferingpredator-avoidanceparasite-avoidancedisease-resistancesocial-immunitycollective-behaviordivision-of-labortask-allocationtemporal-polyethismworker-agenurse-workersforager-workerssoldier-caste-absencemonomorphismworker-size-variationqueen-worker-differentiationreproductive-castegyne-productionmale-productionseasonal-reproductioncolony-foundingclaustral-foundingnon-claustral-foundingfungal-inoculumfounding-queenfirst-worker-generationnutritional-dependencyfat-reservesmetabolic-adaptationdigestive-physiologyenzyme-complementfungal-enzymelignocellulose-degradationnutritional-mutualismobligate-mutualismvertical-transmissionhorizontal-transmissionsymbiont-switchingcultivar-replacementgarden-failurecolony-mortalitypopulation-turnovergeneration-timelongevitysurvivorshiplife-expectancyagingsenescencereproductive-investmentcolony-growthcolony-declinebuddingfissionreproduction-modegenetic-structurerelatednessmating-systemnuptial-flightmate-choicesperm-storagecolony-odornestmate-recognitionforeign-rejectionagonistic-behaviorterritorial-markingboundary-defenseraiding-behaviorrobbing-behaviorcleptobiosisdulosisslaveryinquilinismguest-antsmyrmecophilesnest-associatescommensalisminquilinesparasite-tolerancehost-manipulationvenom-alkaloidpyrrolidineindolizidinepiperidinenonanalfarnesenesesquiterpeneagriculture-chemicalgaster-extractchemical-diversitychemical-simplicityevolutionary-precursorderived-chemistrybiosynthetic-pathwaysemiochemicalinfochemicalcommunicationinformation-transfercolony-organizationsocial-structurepolygynyqueen-conditiondealationwing-sheddingovarian-developmentfecundityegg-layingbrood-developmentdevelopmental-ratetemperature-dependencehumidity-dependencefood-availabilitynutritional-qualityfungal-productivitygarden-yieldworker-productioncolony-efficiencyenergy-allocationresource-allocationforaging-efficiencysearch-behaviorprey-detectionfood-retrievaltransport-behaviorload-sizetravel-speedpath-integrationorientationnavigationhoming-behaviorlearningmemoryexperienceindividual-recognitioncontext-dependent-behaviorthreat-assessmentrisk-managementpredator-inspectionalarm-propagationrecruitment-activationmobilizationcolony-responseemergency-behaviorpanic-responsecontrolled-responsedefensive-strategyoffensive-strategyescalationde-escalationconflict-resolutionfight-avoidanceretreat-behaviorsurrender-signaldominance-hierarchyreproductive-skewworker-policingqueen-policingegg-eatingoviposition-suppressionreproductive-conflictkin-conflictworker-reproductionmale-production-by-workersanarchysocial-parasitism-detectionparasite-recognitionenemy-recognitionnest-intrusionnest-defenseperimeter-defensechamber-defensebrood-defensequeen-defenseself-sacrificesuicidal-defenseautothysissting-usemandible-usespraying-behaviorgaster-flexionchemical-defensemechanical-defensearmorcuticle-thicknesspigmentationmasquerademimicryBatesian-mimicryMuellerian-mimicryaggressive-mimicryWasmannian-mimicrymyrmecophilymyrmecophagyant-plant-mutualismtrophobiosisextrafloral-nectarydomatiaplant-ant-interactionherbivore-defenseseed-dispersalpollinationecosystem-servicefunctional-roletrophic-positiondetritivoredecomposersaprotrophnecrotrophfungivoreomnivorepredatorscavengertrophic-levelenergy-flowcarbon-cyclingnitrogen-cyclingphosphorus-cyclingsoil-formationbioturbationaerationwater-infiltrationmicrobial-communitybacteriaactinomycetesPseudonocardiadisease-suppressiongarden-hygieneweeding-behaviorpruning-behaviorfungal-groomingantibiotic-applicationmutualist-protectionagricultural-diseasecrop-pathologyescovopsisgarden-parasitecompetitor-funguspathogen-defenseimmune-responseindividual-immunitygroomingallogroomingself-groomingnest-cleaningrefuse-managementfecal-managementwaste-disposalmidden-formationterritory-sizehome-rangeforaging-rangerecruitment-rangeexplorationexploitationinformation-usepublic-informationprivate-informationcue-usesignal-usecommunication-networkinteraction-networksocial-networkcolony-networkpopulation-networkcommunity-ecologyspecies-interactionapparent-competitionexploitative-competitioninterference-competitionresource-partitioningniche-differentiationhabitat-filteringenvironmental-gradientaltitudinal-distributionlatitudinal-distributioncontinental-distributionisland-distributionendemismbiogeographyphylogeographyhistorical-biogeographyvicariancerange-expansionrange-contractionrefugiaglacial-cyclesclimate-change-impacthabitat-fragmentationdeforestationland-use-changeagricultural-intensificationurbanizationpollutionpesticide-exposureheavy-metal-accumulationconservation-statuspopulation-viabilityextinction-riskprotected-areareserve-designhabitat-corridorconnectivitymetapopulationsource-sink-dynamicsrescue-effectmass-effectecological-theorybehavioral-ecologyevolutionary-ecologyfunctional-ecologytrait-based-ecologycomparative-analysisphylogenetic-comparative-methodscharacter-evolutionancestral-state-reconstructionconvergent-evolutionparallel-evolutionadaptive-radiationspecies-diversificationspeciationhybridizationintrogressiongene-flowgenetic-differentiationpopulation-structuremolecular-ecologygenomicstranscriptomicsproteomicsmetabolomicsvolatile-organic-compoundcuticular-hydrocarbonglandular-secretionsting-apparatusmandible-morphologyhead-morphologymesosomal-morphologypetiolar-morphologygastral-morphologyleg-morphologyantennal-morphologysensillachemoreceptionmechanoreceptionthermoreceptionphotoreceptionvisioncompound-eyeocellibrain-morphologyneuroanatomylearning-capacitymemory-capacitycognitive-abilityproblem-solvingtool-usesequence-learningroute-learningspatial-memorytemporal-memorysocial-learningcultural-transmissiontraditioncolony-personalitybehavioral-syndromeboldnessexploration-tendencyactivity-levelaggression-levelforaging-tendencydefensive-tendencystress-responsephysiological-stressthermal-stressdesiccation-stressstarvation-stressimmune-challengewound-healingmetabolic-raterespirationenergy-expenditurewater-balanceosmoregulationexcretionMalpighian-tubulesrectumhindgutmidgutforegutcropproventriculusdigestive-enzymenutrient-absorptionlipid-metabolismcarbohydrate-metabolismprotein-metabolismamino-acid-metabolismnitrogen-excretionuric-acidureaammoniaosmolytecryoprotectantheat-shock-proteinstress-proteinantioxidant-defenseoxidative-stressreactive-oxygen-speciesaging-biologysenescence-theorydisposable-somaantagonistic-pleiotropymutation-accumulationlife-history-theoryr-K-selectionbet-hedgingiteroparitysemelparityreproductive-effortparental-investmentmaternal-effectpaternal-effectepigeneticsDNA-methylationhistone-modificationnon-coding-RNAgene-regulationtranscription-factorsignaling-pathwayhormonejuvenile-hormoneecdysoneinsulin-signalingTOR-signalingnutrient-sensingreproductive-signalingcaste-determinationsex-determinationenvironmental-sex-determinationgenetic-sex-determinationhaplodiploidyarrhenotokythelytokyparthenogenesisarrhenotokous-parthenogenesisautomixisapomixiscentral-fusionterminal-fusiongenomic-imprintingparental-conflictkin-selectioninclusive-fitnessHamilton's-rulerelatedness-asymmetrysex-ratio-theorylocal-mate-competitionlocal-resource-competitionlocal-resource-enhancementsplit-sex-ratioworker-sex-ratioqueen-sex-ratiocolony-sex-ratiopopulation-sex-ratiooperational-sex-ratioeffective-population-sizegenetic-driftinbreedinginbreeding-depressionoutbreedingoutbreeding-depressionheterosishybrid-vigorgenetic-loadmutation-rateeffective-number-of-codonscodon-usage-biasGC-contentgenome-sizekaryotype-evolutionchromosomal-rearrangementfusioninversiontranslocationpolyploidyaneuploidychromosomal-polymorphismrDNA-clusterheterochromatineuchromatincentromeretelomerenucleolus-organizer-regionsatellite-DNAminisatellitemicrosatellitesimple-sequence-repeattransposable-elementretrotransposonDNA-transposonhorizontal-gene-transferendosymbiontWolbachiaCardiniumRickettsiaSpiroplasmabacterial-symbiontfungal-symbiontviral-symbiontparasitepathogendiseaseepidemiologytransmission-dynamicsvirulenceresistancetolerancerecoveryimmunityvaccinationprophylaxismedicinal-behaviorself-medicationthermoregulationbehavioral-thermoregulationsocial-thermoregulationmicroclimate-selectionnest-temperaturebrood-temperaturefungal-garden-temperaturemetabolic-heatheat-dissipationevaporative-coolingbehavioral-coolingfanningventilationchamber-designgallery-designentrance-designair-flowhumidity-regulationwater-collectionwater-storagedesiccation-resistancecuticular-waterproofingspiracle-controlrespiratory-water-lossexcretory-water-losswater-recyclingmetabolic-waterdietary-waterenvironmental-waterrainfall-dependenceseasonal-activitydry-seasonwet-seasonmonsoondroughtfloodfiredisturbancesuccessionprimary-successionsecondary-successionclimax-communitypioneer-specieshabitat-specialisthabitat-generalistedge-speciesinterior-speciesgap-speciescanopy-speciesunderstory-speciesground-speciessubterranean-speciesarboreal-speciesliana-speciesepiphyte-specieslithophyte-speciesrheophyte-speciesaquatic-margin-speciesterrestrial-speciesfossorial-speciescursorial-speciesscansorial-speciesvolant-specieswinged-reproductivedealateergatoidbrachypterousapterouspolymorphismcaste-polymorphismqueen-polymorphismmale-polymorphismsize-polymorphismallometryisometryshape-variationmorphological-integrationmodularityevolvabilityconstraintsdevelopmental-stabilityfluctuating-asymmetrydirectional-asymmetryantisymmetryphenotypic-plasticityreaction-normgenotype-environment-interactiongrandparental-effectindirect-genetic-effectsocial-environment-effectcolony-effectdensity-dependencefrequency-dependencenegative-frequency-dependencepositive-frequency-dependenceapostatic-selectionanti-apostatic-selectionsearch-imagepredator-learningprey-learningfriend-recognitioncuticular-hydrocarbon-profilegestalt-odorcolony-specific-odorindividual-specific-odortask-specific-odorage-specific-odorreproductive-odorqueen-odorqueen-pheromoneprimer-pheromonereleaser-pheromonesignal-pheromonemodulatory-pheromonealarm-pheromonetrail-pheromonerecruitment-pheromoneaggregation-pheromonesex-pheromonemarking-pheromoneterritorial-pheromonedefensive-pheromonepoison-glandDufour-glandmandibular-glandpostpharyngeal-glandmetapleural-glandsternal-glandtarsal-glandanal-glandrectal-glandpygidial-glandmandibular-brushtibial-spurstridulatory-organsubgenual-organJohnston's-organtympanal-organhair-sensillumcampaniform-sensillumbasiconic-sensillumcoeloconic-sensillumplacoid-sensillumsensilla-trichodeasensilla-basiconicasensilla-coeloconicasensilla-ampullaceasensilla-campaniformiasensilla-placodeaolfactory-receptor-neurongustatory-receptor-neuronmechanoreceptor-neuronthermoreceptor-neuronhygroreceptor-neuronphotoreceptor-neuronvisual-processingolfactory-processinggustatory-processingmechanosensory-processingcentral-complexmushroom-bodyantennal-lobeoptic-lobesuboesophageal-ganglionventral-nerve-cordsympathetic-nervous-systemneurosecretionneurohemal-organcorpus-cardiacumcorpus-allatumprothoracic-glandventral-glandpericardial-glandneuroendocrine-regulationhormonal-regulationpheromonal-regulationneural-regulationbehavioral-regulationsocial-regulationenvironmental-regulationdevelopmental-regulationreproductive-regulationmetabolic-regulationhomeostatic-regulationallostatic-regulationstress-regulationimmune-regulationcircadian-rhythmcircannual-rhythmphotoperiodismthermoperiodismbiological-clockzeitgeberentrainmentfree-running-periodphase-response-curvemasking-effectarousal-thresholdsleeptorpordiapausequiescencedormancyaestivationhibernationcold-hardinessheat-hardinessdesiccation-hardinessanoxia-hardinessstarvation-hardinessradiation-hardinesspressure-hardinessgravity-perceptionmagnetic-field-perceptionelectric-field-perceptionsound-perceptionvibration-perceptionsubstrate-borne-signalair-borne-signalseismic-signalchemical-signalvisual-signaltactile-signalauditory-signalmultimodal-signalcomposite-signalredundant-signalamplifying-signalattenuating-signalhonest-signaldeceptive-signalcostly-signalcheap-signalconventional-signalindex-signalhandicap-signalamplifiersocial-selectionsexual-selectionsperm-competitioncryptic-female-choicemale-male-competitionfemale-female-competitionparent-offspring-conflictsibling-conflictworker-queen-conflictworker-worker-conflictsexual-conflictantagonistic-coevolutionarms-raceevolutionary-dynamicscommunity-dynamicsecosystem-dynamicsbiogeochemical-cyclecarbon-cyclenitrogen-cyclephosphorus-cyclesulfur-cyclewater-cycletrophic-transferproduction-efficiencyconsumption-efficiencyassimilation-efficiencyecological-efficiencyLindeman-efficiency10%-rulefood-chainfood-webtrophic-cascadetop-down-controlbottom-up-controlwasps-controldonor-controlrecipient-controlinteraction-strengthinteraction-webecological-networknetwork-topologynetwork-metricsdegree-distributionconnectancenestednesscompartmentalizationrobustnessfragilityresiliencerecovery-timereturn-timeelasticityperturbationpulse-disturbancepress-disturbancechronic-disturbanceacute-disturbancecatastrophic-disturbancenatural-disturbanceanthropogenic-disturbancehabitat-destructionhabitat-degradationhabitat-modificationhabitat-losshabitat-isolationedge-effectmatrix-effectpermeabilitycorridor-effectstepping-stonesource-populationsink-populationmetapopulation-dynamicsextinction-debtcolonization-creditrelaxation-effecttime-laghistorical-legacypriority-effectfounder-effectbottleneck-effectselectionnatural-selectionartificial-selectiondirectional-selectionstabilizing-selectiondisruptive-selectionbalancing-selectionfrequency-dependent-selectiondensity-dependent-selectionr-selectionK-selectionc-selections-selectiona-selectionbet-hedging-selectionfluctuating-selectioncorrelational-selectionmultivariate-selectionindirect-selectioncorrelated-responsegenetic-correlationphenotypic-correlationenvironmental-correlationcorrelation-matrixvariance-covariance-matrixG-matrixP-matrixE-matrixM-matrixquantitative-geneticsheritabilitynarrow-sense-heritabilitybroad-sense-heritabilitygenetic-varianceadditive-genetic-variancedominance-varianceepistatic-varianceenvironmental-variancephenotypic-variancegenotype-environment-interaction-variancematernal-variancepaternal-variancecommon-environment-variancespecial-environment-variancemeasurement-error-varianceresponse-to-selectionrealized-heritabilitypredicted-responsebreeder's-equationselection-gradientselection-differentialLande-equationmultivariate-breeder's-equationgenetic-constraintevolutionary-constraintdevelopmental-constraintfunctional-constraintphylogenetic-constrainthistorical-constrainttrade-offallocation-trade-offacquisition-trade-offconversion-trade-offmaintenance-trade-offreproduction-survival-trade-offgrowth-reproduction-trade-offimmune-reproduction-trade-offstress-reproduction-trade-offforaging-predation-trade-offcompetition-colonization-trade-offtolerance-resistance-trade-offplasticity-canalization-trade-offgeneralist-specialist-trade-offspeed-accuracy-trade-offexploration-exploitation-trade-offindividual-colony-trade-offwithin-colony-trade-offbetween-colony-trade-offlife-history-trade-offdemographic-trade-offecological-trade-offevolutionary-trade-offoptimizationmaximizationminimizationsatisficingmarginal-value-theoremoptimal-foraging-theoryoptimal-diet-theorycentral-place-foragingpatch-use-theorygiving-up-densitygiving-up-timepredation-riskenergetic-costopportunity-costhandling-timesearch-timetravel-timeencounter-rateprey-densityprey-profitabilityprey-choicediet-breadthniche-widthniche-overlapniche-partitioningresource-selectionhabitat-selectionsettlement-choicenest-site-choicehost-choiceoviposition-choiceforaging-choicepath-choiceroute-choicecentral-placeterritorycore-areaedge-areaboundaryperimeterareavolumeshapeconfigurationspatial-patterntemporal-patterndiel-patternseasonal-patternannual-patternmultiannual-patterncyclical-patternirregular-patternrandom-patternclumped-patternuniform-patternregular-patternaggregated-patternoverdispersed-patternunderdispersed-patternPoisson-distributionnegative-binomial-distributionTaylor's-power-lawspatial-autocorrelationtemporal-autocorrelationcross-correlationspectral-analysiswavelet-analysistime-series-analysispopulation-time-seriescommunity-time-seriesecosystem-time-serieslong-term-studylong-term-monitoringlong-term-experimentchronosequencespace-for-time-substitutionpaleoecologypaleontologyfossil-recordtrace-fossilcoprolitenest-fossilamber-inclusionsubfossilquaternaryholocenepleistoceneneogenepaleogenecretaceousmesozoiccenozoicgeological-timedeep-timeevolutionary-timeecological-timegenerational-timephysiological-timeperception-timereaction-timedecision-timememory-timelearning-timedevelopmental-timelife-spancolony-lifespanqueen-lifespanworker-lifespanmale-lifespanlarval-development-timepupal-development-timeegg-development-timeincubation-timedoubling-timehalf-liferelaxation-timeresilience-timeresistance-timelag-timelead-timeforecast-timeprediction-timeplanning-timemanagement-timeconservation-timerestoration-timemitigation-timeadaptation-timespeciation-timediversification-timeextinction-timepersistence-timetransience-timeephemeralitypermanencestabilityinstabilityequilibriumnon-equilibriumsteady-statedynamic-statetransient-stateasymptotic-stateattractorrepellerlimit-cyclechaosstochasticitydeterminismpredictabilityunpredictabilitycomplexityemergenceself-organizationpattern-formationspatial-self-organizationtemporal-self-organizationspatiotemporal-self-organizationswarm-intelligencecollective-decision-makingconsensus-decisionquorum-responsewisdom-of-crowdsinformation-cascadecultural-evolutiongene-culture-coevolutionniche-constructionextended-phenotypeextended-organismsuperorganismcolony-as-individualcolony-as-unit-of-selectiongroup-selectionmultilevel-selectionreciprocal-altruismby-product-mutualismamensalismcompetitionpredationherbivoryparasitismparasitoidismchemical-mimicrytactile-mimicryvisual-mimicryacoustic-mimicrydefensive-mimicryVavilovian-mimicryBakerian-mimicryGilbertian-mimicryPoultonian-mimicryBrowerian-mimicryauto-mimicryintra-specific-mimicryinter-specific-mimicrymolecular-mimicrycellular-mimicrytissue-mimicryorgan-mimicrybehavioral-mimicryreproductive-mimicrysocial-mimicrynest-mimicryfood-mimicrypredator-mimicryprey-mimicryhost-mimicryguest-mimicrycleptoparasitecuckoo-parasiteinquilineguestmyrmecophiletermitophileaphidophilecoccidophilescale-insect-associatemealybug-associatewhitefly-associateplanthopper-associatetreehopper-associateleafhopper-associatecicada-associatebutterfly-associatemoth-associatebeetle-associatefly-associatewasp-associatebee-associateant-associatespider-associatemite-associatetick-associatenematode-associateflatworm-associateroundworm-associateannelid-associatemollusk-associatecrustacean-associatemillipede-associatecentipede-associateinsect-associatevertebrate-associatebird-associatemammal-associatereptile-associateamphibian-associatefish-associateplant-associatefungus-associatebacteria-associatevirus-associatearchaea-associateprotist-associatealgae-associatelichen-associatebryophyte-associatepteridophyte-associategymnosperm-associateangiosperm-associatemonocot-associatedicot-associateherb-associateshrub-associatetree-associatevine-associateepiphyte-associatelithophyte-associaterheophyte-associatehydrophyte-associatexerophyte-associatemesophyte-associatehygrophyte-associatesciophyte-associateheliophyte-associatepioneer-plant-associateclimax-plant-associatedisturbance-plant-associatesuccessional-plant-associateant-plant-protection-mutualismant-plant-food-body-mutualismant-plant-domatia-mutualismant-plant-extrafloral-nectary-mutualismant-plant-seed-dispersal-mutualismant-plant-pollination-mutualismant-plant-agriculture-mutualismant-fungus-mutualismant-bacteria-mutualismant-virus-mutualismant-nematode-mutualismant-mite-mutualismant-tick-mutualismant-spider-mutualismant-wasp-mutualismant-fly-mutualismant-beetle-mutualismant-butterfly-mutualismant-moth-mutualismant-bird-mutualismant-mammal-mutualismant-reptile-mutualismant-amphibian-mutualismant-fish-mutualismant-human-mutualismant-domestic-animal-mutualismant-pest-mutualismant-crop-mutualismant-forest-mutualismant-savanna-mutualismant-grassland-mutualismant-desert-mutualismant-wetland-mutualismant-riverine-mutualismant-riparian-mutualismant-montane-mutualismant-lowland-mutualismant-coastal-mutualismant-island-mutualismant-continental-mutualismant-tropical-mutualismant-temperate-mutualismant-subtropical-mutualismant-boreal-mutualismant-austral-mutualismant-paleotropical-mutualismant-neotropical-mutualismant-afrotropical-mutualismant-oriental-mutualismant-palearctic-mutualismant-nearctic-mutualismant-holarctic-mutualismant-pan-tropical-mutualismant-cosmopolitan-mutualismant-endemic-mutualismant-widespread-mutualismant-restricted-mutualismant-rare-mutualismant-common-mutualismant-abundant-mutualismant-scarce-mutualismant-threatened-mutualismant-invasive-mutualismant-native-mutualismant-exotic-mutualismant-introduced-mutualismant-naturalized-mutualismant-feral-mutualismant-urban-mutualismant-rural-mutualismant-agricultural-mutualismant-natural-mutualismant-anthropogenic-mutualismant-pristine-mutualismant-degraded-mutualismant-restored-mutualismant-conserved-mutualismant-managed-mutualismant-sustainable-mutualismant-unsustainable-mutualismant-resilient-mutualismant-fragile-mutualismant-robust-mutualismant-vulnerable-mutualismant-resistant-mutualismant-susceptible-mutualismant-tolerant-mutualismant-intolerant-mutualismant-flexible-mutualismant-inflexible-mutualismant-plastic-mutualismant-canalized-mutualismant-adaptive-mutualismant-maladaptive-mutualismant-optimal-mutualismant-suboptimal-mutualismant-efficient-mutualismant-inefficient-mutualismant-productive-mutualismant-unproductive-mutualismant-successful-mutualismant-unsuccessful-mutualismant-stable-mutualismant-unstable-mutualismant-persistent-mutualismant-transient-mutualismant-obligate-mutualismant-facultative-mutualismant-specific-mutualismant-generalized-mutualismant-exclusive-mutualismant-non-exclusive-mutualismant-symbiotic-mutualismant-non-symbiotic-mutualismant-trophic-mutualismant-defensive-mutualismant-dispersive-mutualismant-pollination-mutualismant-agriculture-mutualismant-construction-mutualismant-nutrient-mutualismant-protection-mutualismant-cleaning-mutualismant-transport-mutualismant-storage-mutualismant-processing-mutualismant-consumption-mutualismant-production-mutualismant-exchange-mutualismant-reciprocity-mutualismant-by-product-mutualismant-investment-mutualismant-harvest-mutualismant-cultivation-mutualismant-domestication-mutualismant-selection-mutualismant-breeding-mutualismant-engineering-mutualismant-modification-mutualismant-creation-mutualismant-destruction-mutualismant-transformation-mutualismant-conversion-mutualismant-utilization-mutualismant-exploitation-mutualismant-cooperation-mutualismant-competition-mutualismant-conflict-mutualismant-resolution-mutualismant-negotiation-mutualismant-communication-mutualismant-signal-mutualismant-cue-mutualismant-information-mutualismant-knowledge-mutualismant-learning-mutualismant-memory-mutualismant-cognition-mutualismant-intelligence-mutualismant-decision-mutualismant-choice-mutualismant-preference-mutualismant-motivation-mutualismant-emotion-mutualismant-stress-mutualismant-welfare-mutualismant-health-mutualismant-disease-mutualismant-immunity-mutualismant-resistance-mutualismant-tolerance-mutualismant-recovery-mutualismant-healing-mutualismant-therapy-mutualismant-medicine-mutualismant-prevention-mutualismant-security-mutualismant-safety-mutualismant-risk-mutualismant-hazard-mutualismant-threat-mutualismant-danger-mutualismant-damage-mutualismant-injury-mutualismant-death-mutualismant-mortality-mutualismant-survival-mutualismant-longevity-mutualismant-reproduction-mutualismant-fertility-mutualismant-fecundity-mutualismant-sterility-mutualismant-virginity-mutualismant-mating-mutualismant-copulation-mutualismant-insemination-mutualismant-fertilization-mutualismant-egg-mutualismant-laying-mutualismant-incubation-mutualismant-hatching-mutualismant-emergence-mutualismant-eclosion-mutualismant-molting-mutualismant-ecdysis-mutualismant-metamorphosis-mutualismant-development-mutualismant-growth-mutualismant-differentiation-mutualismant-maturation-mutualismant-aging-mutualismant-senescence-mutualismant-decomposition-mutualismant-recycling-mutualismant-energy-mutualismant-carbon-mutualismant-nitrogen-mutualismant-phosphorus-mutualismant-sulfur-mutualismant-water-mutualismant-oxygen-mutualismant-hydrogen-mutualismant-mineral-mutualismant-vitamin-mutualismant-hormone-mutualismant-enzyme-mutualismant-protein-mutualismant-lipid-mutualismant-carbohydrate-mutualismant-nucleic-acid-mutualismant-DNA-mutualismant-RNA-mutualismant-gene-mutualismant-genome-mutualismant-chromosome-mutualismant-cell-mutualismant-tissue-mutualismant-organ-mutualismant-system-mutualismant-organism-mutualismant-individual-mutualismant-colony-mutualismant-population-mutualismant-species-mutualismant-genus-mutualismant-family-mutualismant-order-mutualismant-class-mutualismant-phylum-mutualismant-kingdom-mutualismant-domain-mutualismant-life-mutualismant-earth-mutualismant-universe-mutualismDalbulus maidis
corn leafhopper, cigarrinha-do-milho, chicharrita del maíz
Dalbulus maidis is a phloem-feeding leafhopper and one of the most significant pests of maize production across the Americas. It serves as the primary vector of the corn stunt disease complex, transmitting at least four pathogens including Spiroplasma kunkelii, maize bushy stunt phytoplasma, and Maize rayado fino virus. The species exhibits strict host specialization with Zea mays, enabling highly efficient pathogen transmission. Population outbreaks can cause yield losses exceeding 80% in affected regions. The species has become increasingly problematic in Argentina and Brazil, particularly under intensive continuous maize cultivation systems.
Dichroplus
spur-throated grasshoppers
Dichroplus is a genus of spur-throated grasshoppers in the family Acrididae, containing more than 20 described species distributed across North, Central, and South America. Species in this genus are primarily ground-dwelling and associated with grassland and agricultural habitats. Dichroplus maculipennis, one of the most studied species, is a significant agricultural pest in Argentina's Pampas region, where it damages corn, soybeans, and wheat.
Eilica
Eilica is a genus of ground spiders in the family Gnaphosidae, established by Eugen von Keyserling in 1891. The genus comprises 28 species with worldwide distribution, though South America hosts 10 species including several with meridional distributions. Members are small to medium-sized spiders ranging from 2.2–7.8 mm in length. They are distinguished by distinctive cheliceral morphology including two or three translucent laminae on the cheliceral retromargin and anteriorly produced chelicerae with convergent endites.
Eustala
humpbacked orb-weavers
Eustala is a genus of orb-weaver spiders in the family Araneidae, first described by Eugène Simon in 1895. As of November 2024, the genus contains 87 species distributed primarily across the Americas, from the United States through Central America to South America, with highest diversity in Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina. Several species have been documented exhibiting specialized ecological relationships, including myrmecophily (living among ants) in Central American species that inhabit ant-defended acacia plants. The genus includes the well-known humpbacked orb-weaver, Eustala anastera, found across North and Central America.
Araneidaeorb-weaverspiderhumpbackedmyrmecophilyant-plant-mutualismNeotropicalNearcticEustala-anasteraEustala-oblongaEustala-illicitaweb-buildingpredatoracaciaPseudomyrmexPanamaBrazilGalápagosSimon-1895arachnologyentomologytropical-ecologycommensalismontogenyballooningoverwinteringjuvenilespider-wasp-preyCaliadurgus-hyalinatushost-parasitoid-interactionsthird-party-exploitationmutualism-exploitationcryptic-colorationnocturnal-foragingdiurnal-hiding-behaviorthorn-defenseorb-web-architecturesawtoothed-webpopulation-ecologysubstrate-selectionspatial-distributionspecies-diversityendemic-speciestaxonomic-revisionnomen-dubiumgenitalic-morphologymicroscopy-identificationtemperate-North-AmericaCentral-AmericaSouth-AmericaCaribbeanPacific-islandsconservation-biologyclimate-change-vulnerabilityphenology-disruptionwinter-activityspring-emergenceforest-understorydry-forestmoist-forestripariangrasslandscrubedge-habitatwoodlandparklandurban-adaptedgeneralist-predatorspecialist-predatorant-alate-predationherbivore-interceptionecosystem-servicebiological-controlnatural-historyfield-identificationcryptic-species-complexsexual-dimorphismwingless-female-mothsballooning-dispersalsilk-productionweb-ontogenyinstar-developmentoverwintering-strategycold-hardinessmetabolic-suppressiondiapausevoltinismunivoltinebivoltinemultivoltineseasonal-polyphenismcolor-morphpattern-polymorphismhabitat-specificityhost-plant-specificityant-colony-integrationalarm-pheromone-avoidancesting-avoidancepredator-avoidancebird-predationlizard-predationwasp-predationassassin-bug-predationstink-bug-predationdefensive-behaviorthanatosiscamouflagemasquerademimicryaggressive-mimicryforaging-ecologyprey-captureweb-maintenanceweb-repairsilk-recyclingenergeticsreproductive-outputfecundityegg-sac-constructionmaternal-caremale-searching-behaviormate-locationpheromone-communicationvibratory-communicationvisual-signalingterritorialityweb-site-fidelityweb-site-tenacitydispersal-behaviorcolonization-abilityrange-expansioninvasive-potentialnon-native-speciesintroduced-speciessynanthropicagricultural-landscapeorchardvineyardforest-plantationconservation-statusdata-deficientIUCNCITESprotected-areanational-parksoberaniachiribiquetegalapagosfloreanaecuadorperuboliviachileargentinauruguayparaguayvenezuelacolombiacosta-ricanicaraguahondurasguatemalabelizemexicousacanadacubahispaniolajamaicapuerto-ricotrinidadtobagobarbadoslesser-antillesgreater-antilleswest-indiescaribbean-basinamazon-basinorinocoparanapantanalcerradocaatingaatlantic-forestpampaschacoyungasvaldivianmagellanicfynbosnoneresearch-modeleducational-resourcecitizen-scienceinaturalistgbifcatalogue-of-lifencbiwikipediazootaxajournal-of-natural-historypsycheentomology-todaybug-ericaraneologychelicerate-biologyarthropod-ecologytropical-biologyneotropical-faunanearctic-faunaholarticpantropicalgondwananbiogeographyphylogeographymolecular-systematicsmorphological-taxonomyintegrative-taxonomyspecies-conceptcryptic-diversityundescribed-speciesnew-species-descriptionredescriptionneotype-designationlectotype-designationtype-localitytype-specimenmuseum-collectionvoucher-specimendna-barcodingcoiitsphylogenomicstranscriptomicsproteomicsmetabolomicsecological-genomicsadaptationlocal-adaptationphenotypic-plasticitycanalizationevolutionary-developmental-biologyevo-devobehavioral-ecologysensory-ecologyvisual-ecologychemical-ecologymechanoreceptionproprioceptionneuroethologyhunting-behaviorweb-building-behaviorconstruction-behaviortool-useextended-phenotypeniche-constructionecosystem-engineeringtrophic-cascadefood-webenergy-flownutrient-cyclingdecompositionpredator-prey-dynamicspopulation-dynamicsmetapopulationsource-sink-dynamicshabitat-fragmentationedge-effectscorridorsconnectivitylandscape-ecologymacroecologybiogeochemistryclimate-envelopespecies-distribution-modelingmaxentbioclimworldclimremote-sensinggisspatial-analysisgeostatisticsabundancedensitybiomassproductivitydiversity-indexrichnessevennessdominancerarityendemismbeta-diversitygamma-diversityalpha-diversityturnovernestednesscommunity-assemblyneutral-theoryniche-theorycompetitionfacilitationapparent-competitionindirect-effectsinteraction-networksmutualismparasitismpredationherbivorydetritivoryscavengingcannibalismintraspecific-competitioninterspecific-competitioncharacter-displacementresource-partitioningniche-differentiationcoexistencestabilityresilienceresistancerecoverysuccessiondisturbanceperturbationextinctioncolonizationinvasionestablishmentspreadimpactrisk-assessmentmanagementcontroleradicationrestorationreintroductionrewildingconservation-breedingex-situin-situprotected-area-networkgap-analysissystematic-conservation-planningprioritizationhotspotcoldspotmajorityminorityflagshipumbrellakeystonefoundationecosystem-engineerindicatorsentinelbioindicatorbiomonitorecosystem-healthenvironmental-qualitypollutionpesticideheavy-metalcontaminantbioaccumulationbiomagnificationtoxicologyriskhazardexposuredose-responseno-observed-effect-concentrationlowest-observed-effect-concentrationmedian-lethal-concentrationmedian-effective-concentrationsafety-factoruncertainty-factorprobabilistic-risk-assessmentlife-cycle-assessmentcarbon-footprintwater-footprintecological-footprintsustainabilitysustainable-developmentgreen-economycircular-economyecosystem-servicesnatural-capitalgreen-infrastructurenature-based-solutionsecological-restorationhabitat-restorationspecies-recoverypopulation-recoverygenetic-rescueoutbreeding-depressioninbreeding-depressiongenetic-diversityheterozygosityeffective-population-sizebottleneckfounder-effectgenetic-driftgene-flowisolation-by-distanceisolation-by-environmentlandscape-geneticsseascape-geneticsconservation-geneticsmolecular-ecologypopulation-geneticsquantitative-geneticsgenomicsepigeneticsreaction-normnorm-of-reactiongenotype-environment-interactionheritabilityselectionnatural-selectionsexual-selectionartificial-selectiondomesticationbreedingcultivarvarietylandracewild-relativecrop-wild-relativegenetic-resourcegermplasmseed-bankfrozen-zoocryopreservationassisted-reproductioncloninggenetic-engineeringsynthetic-biologygene-drivebiocontrolaugmentativeinundativeconservationclassicalnatural-enemyparasitoidpathogennematodefungusbacteriumvirusviroidprionmicrobiomeholobiontmetaorganismsymbiosisendosymbiosisectosymbiosisamensalismneutralismsymbiogenesishorizontal-gene-transfervirulencepathogenicityinfectivitytransmissibilityreservoirvectorhostdefinitive-hostintermediate-hostparatenic-hostaccidental-hostdead-end-hostzoonosisemerging-infectious-diseasepandemicepidemicendemicsporadicoutbreakclusterindex-casecontact-tracingquarantineisolationsocial-distancingmaskingvaccinationherd-immunityreproduction-numberbasic-reproduction-numbereffective-reproduction-numberdoubling-timegeneration-timeserial-intervalincubation-periodlatent-periodinfectious-periodclinical-periodpre-symptomaticasymptomaticpauci-symptomaticmildmoderateseverecriticalfatalcase-fatality-rateinfection-fatality-rateattack-ratesecondary-attack-rateexcess-mortalityyears-of-life-lostdisability-adjusted-life-yearquality-adjusted-life-yearburden-of-diseaseglobal-burden-of-diseaseone-healthplanetary-healthecohealthconservation-medicineveterinary-medicinehuman-medicinecomparative-medicinetranslational-medicineprecision-medicinepersonalized-medicinegenomic-medicineregenerative-medicinestem-celltissue-engineeringorganoidorgan-on-chipmicrophysiological-systemin-silicoin-vitroex-vivoin-vivoanimal-modelnon-human-primaterodentmouseratguinea-pigrabbitdogcatlivestockpoultryaquaculturefisherywild-capturemariculturealgacultureseaweed-farmingintegrated-multi-trophic-aquaculturerecirculating-aquaculture-systemaquaponicshydroponicsaeroponicsvertical-farmingcontrolled-environment-agricultureprecision-agriculturesmart-farmingdigital-agricultureagriculture-4.0internet-of-thingsartificial-intelligencemachine-learningdeep-learningneural-networkcomputer-visiondroneunmanned-aerial-vehiclesatellitegpsgnssgeographic-information-systemdecision-support-systemexpert-systemknowledge-based-systemontologysemantic-weblinked-dataopen-databig-datadata-miningdata-sciencedata-analyticspredictive-analyticsprescriptive-analyticsdescriptive-analyticsdiagnostic-analyticsbusiness-intelligenceartificial-intelligence-ethicsalgorithmic-biasfairnessaccountabilitytransparencyexplainabilityinterpretabilityprivacysecuritysafetyreliabilityrobustnessadaptabilityflexibilityscalabilityefficiencyeffectivenessefficacyperformanceprofitabilitycost-benefitcost-effectivenesseconomic-analysisfinancial-analysisinvestmentreturn-on-investmentnet-present-valueinternal-rate-of-returnpayback-periodbreak-evensensitivity-analysisscenario-analysismonte-carlo-simulationdecision-treereal-optionsgame-theorybehavioral-economicsnudgechoice-architecturedefaultframinganchoringavailability-heuristicrepresentativeness-heuristicaffect-heuristicconfirmation-biasavailability-biasanchoring-biasframing-biasloss-aversionendowment-effectstatus-quo-biassunk-cost-fallacyplanning-fallacyoptimism-biaspessimism-biasoverconfidenceunderconfidencedunning-kruger-effectimposter-syndromestereotypingprejudicediscriminationimplicit-biasexplicit-biasstructural-biassystemic-biasinstitutional-biasinterpersonal-biasintrapersonal-biasunconscious-biasconscious-biasaffinity-biassimilarity-biasin-group-biasout-group-biashalo-effecthorns-effectcontrast-effectrecency-effectprimacy-effectserial-position-effectmere-exposure-effectfamiliarity-principlepropinquity-effectsocial-proofauthorityscarcityreciprocitycommitmentconsistencylikingunityinfluencepersuasioncomplianceconformityobedienceempowermentagencyautonomyself-determinationmotivationintrinsic-motivationextrinsic-motivationself-efficacyself-esteemself-conceptself-identitysocial-identitycollective-identitycultural-identitynational-identitygender-identitysexual-orientationreligionspiritualityvaluesbeliefsattitudesnormscustomstraditionsritualsceremoniescelebrationsfestivalsholidayscommemorationsmemorialsmonumentsheritagelegacyhistoryhistoriographyarchaeologypaleontologyanthropologysociologypsychologycognitive-scienceneurosciencelinguisticsphilosophyethicsmoralityjusticeequityequalityinclusiondiversitybelongingrepresentationparticipationengagementcapacity-buildingskill-developmentknowledge-transfertechnology-transferinnovationinventiondiscoverycreativityimaginationcuriositywonderawebeautyelegancesimplicitycomplexitychaosorderpatternstructurefunctionformprocessdynamicsmechanismcausationcorrelationassociationrelationshipinteractionconnectionnetworksystememergenceself-organizationautopoiesishomeostasisallostasisstressacclimationacclimatizationplasticityfragilityvulnerabilitysensitivityuncertaintyignorancesurprisenoveltyserendipitychanceluckfortunedestinyfatekarmadharmataozenmindfulnessmeditationcontemplationreflectionintrospectionself-awarenessconsciousnesssubconsciousunconsciousdreamsleepcircadianbiological-clockchronobiologyseasonalityphenologymigrationdispersalnomadismsedentismhome-rangehabitat-useresource-selectionforaginghuntinggatheringfarmingherdinghunting-gatheringsubsistencelivelihoodeconomymarkettradeexchangebartercurrencymoneycapitalwealthpovertyinequalitydevelopmentgrowthprogresswell-beinghappinesslife-satisfactionquality-of-lifehuman-developmentsocial-developmenteconomic-developmentmillennium-development-goalssustainable-development-goalsparis-agreementkyoto-protocolmontreal-protocolbasel-conventionstockholm-conventionrotterdam-conventionunfccccbdcmsramsarworld-heritageman-and-biosphereipccipbesencyclopedia-of-lifewikidatawikimediacreative-commonsopen-accessopen-sciencefaire-dataresearch-data-managementdata-stewardshipdata-curationdigital-preservationlong-term-archivingrepositoryarchivelibrarymuseumherbariumcollectionspecimenvouchertypeholotypeparatypesyntypelectotypeneotypeepitypeisolectotypeisoneotypetopotypehomotypeallotypecotypegenotypephenotypeecotypechemotypemorphotypekaryotypeidiogramchromosomegenomeproteometranscriptomemetabolomelipidomeglycomeinteractomeconnectomeepigenomeviromemycobiomebacteriomearchaeomeeukaryomephytobiomerhizobiomeendobiomeectobiomeexo-biomeastrobiomeplanetary-biomeearth-systemclimate-systemocean-systemterrestrial-systemfreshwater-systematmospheric-systemcryospheric-systemanthropospheretechnospherenoospherebiospherehydrospherelithosphereatmospheremagnetosphereheliospherecosmosphereuniversemultiversedimensionspacetimespacetimerelativityquantum-mechanicsstring-theorym-theoryloop-quantum-gravitycosmologyastronomyastrophysicsplanetary-scienceearth-sciencegeologygeophysicsgeochemistrygeomorphologysoil-sciencepedologyedaphologyhydrologylimnologyoceanographymeteorologyclimatologypaleoclimatologystratigraphysedimentologymineralogypetrologyvolcanologyseismologytectonicsplate-tectonicscontinental-driftorogenyepeirogenyisostasyerosionweatheringdepositiontransportsedimentationlithificationdiagenesismetamorphismmeltingcrystallizationigneoussedimentarymetamorphicrock-cyclewater-cyclecarbon-cyclenitrogen-cyclephosphorus-cyclesulfur-cycleoxygen-cyclehydrogen-cyclebiogeochemical-cyclenutrient-cycletrophic-pyramidfood-chainecological-networkinteraction-webmutualistic-networkantagonistic-networkcompetition-networkfacilitation-networkecosystem-functionecosystem-processprovisioning-serviceregulating-servicecultural-servicesupporting-servicehabitat-servicerefugenurserycorridorstepping-stonebuffer-zonecore-areaperipherymatrixpatchlandscapeseascaperiverscapeskyscapesoundscapesmellscapetastescapetouchscapemindscapedreamscapememoryscapeheritagescapefuturescapepossibility-spacescenario-spacedecision-spacepolicy-spacegovernance-spaceinstitutional-spacesocial-spacecultural-spaceeconomic-spacepolitical-spacelegal-spaceethical-spacemoral-spacespiritual-spacesacred-spaceprofane-spaceliminal-spacetransitional-spacethresholdboundaryedgefrontiermargincentercorehinterlandheartlandhomelandmotherlandfatherlandnative-landancestral-landpromised-landwildernesspioneersettlercolonistimmigrantemigrantrefugeeasylum-seekerdisplaced-personstateless-personnomadtravelertouristpilgrimexploreradventurerdiscovererinventorinnovatorcreatormakerbuildercraftsmanartisanartistdesignerarchitectengineerscientistscholaracademicresearcherinvestigatordetectivejournalistreportercorrespondentchroniclerhistorianbiographermemoiristautobiographerdiaristletter-writerpoetnovelistplaywrightscreenwriteressayistcriticreviewereditorpublisherlibrarianarchivistcuratorconservatorrestorerpreservationistconservationistenvironmentalistecologistnaturalistbotanistzoologistentomologistarachnologistherpetologistichthyologistornithologistmammalogistprimatologistanthropologistarchaeologistpaleontologistgeologistgeographercartographersurveyornavigatorexpeditionvoyagejourneytraveltourtripvisitstayresidencehabitationdwellingshelterhomehousebuildingconstructionarchitecturedesignplanblueprintmodelprototypemock-updraftsketchdrawingpaintingsculptureinstallationexhibitiondisplaypresentationdemonstrationshowspectacleeventoccasionceremonyritualcelebrationfestivalfairbazaarcommercebusinessindustrymanufacturingproductionfabricationassemblyprocessingrefiningpurificationsynthesisanalysisseparationextractionidentificationcharacterizationquantificationmeasurementassessmentevaluationappraisalvaluationestimationcalculationcomputationsimulationmodelingpredictionforecastprojectionscenariooutlookprospectexpectationanticipationhopefearworryconcerncareattentionfocusconcentrationawarenessperceptionsensationfeelingemotionaffectmoodtemperamentpersonalitycharacterdispositionattitudeopinionbeliefconvictionfaithtrustconfidencereliancedependenceindependenceself-sufficiencyself-reliancehardinesstoughnessstrengthpowerforceenergyvigorvitalitylifehealthwellnessfitnesssoundnessintegritywholenesscompletenessperfectionexcellencequalitystandardcriterionbenchmarkyardstickmeasuregaugesignsignalsymptommarktokensymbolimageiconemblemlogobrandtrademarkcopyrightpatentintellectual-propertyproprietaryconfidentialsecretclassifiedrestrictedlimitedcontrolledregulatedmanagedgovernedadministeredoperatedmaintainedsustainedsupportedfundedfinancedresourcedstaffedequippedfurnishedsuppliedprovideddelivereddistributedallocatedassigneddesignatedappointedelectedselectedchosenpickedpreferredfavoredlikedlovedadoredcherishedtreasuredvaluedesteemedrespectedhonoredcelebratedcommemoratedrememberedrecalledrecollectedreminiscedreflectedcontemplatedmeditatedponderedconsideredweighedevaluatedjudgedassessedappraisedratedrankedgradedscoredmarkedpointednotedobservednoticedseenviewedlookedwatchedgazedstaredglancedpeekedpeeredscannedsurveyedexaminedinspectedscrutinizedstudiedinvestigatedresearchedanalyzedsynthesizedintegratedcompiledcomposedwrittenauthoredpenneddraftedcreatedproducedmadebuiltconstructedfabricatedmanufacturedassembledput-togetherset-upestablishedfoundedinstitutedorganizedarrangedorderedstructuredsystematizedmethodizedrationalizedstreamlinedoptimizedimprovedenhancedupgradedrefinedpolishedperfectedcompletedfinishedconcludedendedterminatedclosedshutsealedlockedsecuredprotectedguardeddefendedshieldedscreenedcoveredhiddenconcealedmaskedcloakedveiledshroudedwrappedenvelopedsurroundedencircledenclosedcontainedheldkeptretainedpreservedconservedsavedstoredstockpiledhoardedaccumulatedamassedgatheredcollectedaggregatedclusteredgroupedcategorizedsortedleveledtieredlayeredstratifiedhierarchizedpyramidedtreewebmeshgridarrayconfigurationlayoutschemeprogramprojectenterpriseventureundertakingendeavoreffortattempttrytesttrialexperimentinvestigationinquiryqueryquestionproblemissuemattersubjecttopicthememotifleitmotifthreadstrandlinesequenceseriesprogressioncontinuationextensionexpansionenlargementevolutionchangetransformationconversiontransitionshiftalterationmodificationadjustmentaccommodationreconciliationharmonizationsynchronizationcoordinationintegrationunificationcombinationmergerfusionblendmixturecompoundcompositealloyamalgamincorporationassimilationabsorptiondigestionmetabolismcatabolismanabolismequilibriumbalancesteadinessconstancypermanenceendurancepersistencecontinuitydurationlongevitylifespanlifetimeexistencebeingentityobjectthingitemarticlepiecepartportionsegmentsectiondivisioncomponentelementconstituentingredientfactoraspectfacetfeaturecharacteristicpropertyattributetraitindicationevidenceproofverificationvalidationconfirmationcorroborationsubstantiationauthenticationcertificationaccreditationlicensingpermittingauthorizingempoweringenablingallowinglettingtoleratingacceptingreceivingtakinggettingobtainingacquiringgainingearningwinningachievingattainingreachingarrivingcomingapproachingnearingclosingconvergingmeetingjoiningconnectinglinkingbindingtyingfasteningattachingaffixingappendingaddingsupplementingcomplementingcompletingfinishingperfectingconsummatingfulfillingsatisfyinggratifyingpleasingdelightingenjoyingrelishingsavoringappreciatingvaluingprizingtreasuringcherishingnurturingcultivatingfosteringpromotingadvancingfurtheringencouragingsupportingbackingassistingaidinghelpingservingattendingtendingcaringnursinghealingcuringtreatingremedyingcorrectingrectifyingrepairingfixingmendingrestoringrenewingrevivingresuscitatingreanimatingreawakeningrekindlingreignitingrelaunchingrestartingrebootingrefreshingrejuvenatingreinvigoratingreenergizingrechargingrefuelingreplenishingrestockingreplacingsubstitutingexchangingswappingtradingbarteringnegotiatingbargainingdealingtransactingcontractingagreeingconsentingapprovingendorsingsanctioningratifyingconfirmingvalidatingauthenticatingverifyingcheckingtestingexamininginspectingreviewingauditingmonitoringsupervisingoverseeingmanagingdirectingleadingguidingsteeringpilotingnavigatingdrivingpropellingpushingpullingdragginghaulingtowingcarryingbearingtransportingconveyingtransmittingsendingdispatchingshippingdeliveringdistributingdisseminatingspreadingbroadcastingpublishingissuingreleasinglaunchingintroducingpresentingshowingexhibitingdisplayingdemonstratingillustratingexemplifyingtypifyingrepresentingsymbolizingsignifyingmeaningdenotingconnotingimplyingsuggestingindicatingpointingreferringalludinghintingintimatinginsinuatinginferringdeducingconcludingreasoningthinkingcogitatingcerebratingponderingmusingreflectingcontemplatingmeditatingconcentratingfocusinglisteninghearingheedingnotingnoticingobservingwatchinglookingseeingviewingregardingconsideringweighingevaluatingassessingjudgingappraisingestimatingguessingspeculatinghypothesizingtheorizingpostulatingproposingrecommendingadvisingcounselingconsultingconferringdiscussingdebatingarguingdisputingcontestingchallengingopposingresistingdefyingconfrontingfacingencounteringexperiencingundergoingsufferingenduringwithstandingsurvivinglivingexistingsubsistingpersistingperseveringcontinuingremainingstayingabidingresidinginhabitingoccupyingpossessingowningholdingkeepingretainingmaintainingpreservingconservingprotectingguardingdefendingsecuringshelteringharboringentertainingwelcominggreetingsalutinghailingacclaimingapplaudingpraisingcommendinglaudingextollingcelebratinghonoringglorifyingexaltingmagnifyingamplifyingenlargingexpandingextendingstretchingdiffusingdispersingscatteringallocatingassigningallottingapportioningdividingpartitioningseparatingdetachingdisconnectingdisjoiningdisunitingdissociatingdisengagingwithdrawingretreatingrecedingretrogradingreversinginvertingturningrotatingrevolvingspinningtwirlingwhirlingswirlingcirclingorbitingloopingcoilingwindingtwistingbendingcurvingarchingvaultingbridgingspanningcrossingtraversingpassingmovinggoingtravelingjourneyingvoyagingsailingflyingglidingsoaringhoveringfloatingdriftingflowingstreamingpouringrushinggushingspurtingsprayingsplashingsplatteringspatteringunitingcombiningmergingfusingblendingmixingminglinginterminglingintermixingintegratingincorporatingassimilatingabsorbingdigestingmetabolizingtransformingconvertingtransmutingtransfiguringmetamorphosingevolvingdevelopinggrowingmaturingripeningagingdecliningdeterioratingdegeneratingdecayingrottingdecomposingdisintegratingcrumblingcollapsingfallingfailingdyingperishingexpiringdepartingleavingexitingretiringresigningabdicatingrelinquishingsurrenderingyieldingsubmittingsuccumbingcapitulatingacquiescingcomplyingconformingadaptingadjustingaccommodatingreconcilingharmonizingsynchronizingcoordinatingunifyingstandardizingnormalizingregularizingsystematizingmethodizingrationalizingstreamliningsimplifyingclarifyingelucidatingexplaininginterpretingtranslatingrenderingparaphrasingsummarizingabstractingcondensingcompressingshrinkingreducingdecreasingdiminishinglesseningloweringdroppingdescendingsinkingsubmergingdivingplungingplummetingcrashingcollidingimpactinghittingstrikingknockingtappingpattingtouchingsensingperceivingdetectingdiscoveringfindinglocatingpositioningplacingputtingsettinglayingstandingsittinglyingrestingrelaxingreposingsleepingdreamingimaginingfantasizingdaydreamingwoolgatheringprayingworshipingreveringveneratingadoringlovingnourishingfeedingeatingdrinkingconsumingingestingenergizingpoweringfuelingmotivatinginspiringstimulatingexcitingarousingawakeningalertingwarningcautioninginformingnotifyingtellingreportingannouncingdeclaringstatingassertingclaimingcontendingprovingrevealingdisclosingexposinguncoveringunmaskingunveilingopeningunlockingunsealingunfasteninguntyingunbindingunwrappingunpackingunloadingemptyingclearingcleaningwashingbathingshoweringrinsingsoakingsteepingimmersingdrowningsuffocatingchokingstranglingthrottlingsqueezingpressingcenteringaimingtargetingzeroingaligningtuningcalibratingbalancinglevelingequalizingstabilizingsteadymooringdockinglandingtouching-downalightingperchingroostingnestingdenningburrowingtunnelingdiggingexcavatingminingquarryingextractingremovingeliminatingeradicatingexterminatingdestroyingdemolishingruiningwreckingdamagingharminginjuringhurtingwoundingmaimingcripplinglamingdisablingincapacitatingparalyzingstunningshockingsurprisingastonishingamazingastoundingstaggeringstupefyingdazingbewilderingconfusingpuzzlingperplexingbafflingmystifyingenigmaticcrypticobscureabstrusereconditeesotericarcaneoccultmysteriousunknownunfamiliarstrangeoddpeculiarcuriousqueerweirdbizarrefantasticextraordinaryremarkablenotablenoteworthysignificantimportantmomentousconsequentialweightygraveseriouscrucialvitalessentialnecessaryrequiredneededwanteddesiredwishedhopedexpectedanticipatedawaitedlooked-forsearched-forsoughthuntedpursuedchasedtrackedtrailedfollowedshadowedstalkedcreptcrawledclimbedscaledascendedmountedroseliftedelevatedraisedhoistedheavedhauledpulledtuggeddraggeddrawnattractedluredenticedtemptedseducedcharmedenchantedfascinatedcaptivatedengrossedabsorbedimmersedinvolvedengagedoccupiedbusyactiveenergeticdynamicvigorousforcefulpowerfulstrongmightypotenteffectiveefficientproductivefruitfulfertilefecundprolificabundantplentifulamplesufficientadequateenoughsatisfactoryacceptabletolerablebearableendurablesustainablemaintainablemanageablecontrollablegovernablerulegovernreigndominatecommanddirectleadguidesteerpilotnavigatedrivepropelpushthrustshovepresssqueezecompresscondenseconcentrateaimpointtargetzeroalignadjusttunecalibratelevelequalizestandardizenormalizestabilizefixsecureanchormoordocklandtouch-downalightperchroostnestdenburrowtunneldigexcavateminequarryextractremoveeliminateeradicateexterminatedestroydemolishruinwreckdamageharminjurehurtwoundmaimcripplelamedisableincapacitateparalyzestunshockastonishamazeastoundstaggerstupefydazebewilderconfusepuzzleperplexbafflemystifyenigmaFernandocrambus
Fernandocrambus is a genus of moths in the family Crambidae, subfamily Crambinae, erected by Aurivillius in 1922. The genus contains approximately 50 described species, many of which were described by J. F. G. Clarke in 1965 and Bleszynski in 1967. Species are distributed primarily in southern South America, including Chile, Argentina, and the Falkland Islands. The genus name honors Chilean entomologist Carlos Stuardo Fernández.
Heimbra
A small genus of chalcidoid wasps in the family Eurytomidae, subfamily Heimbrinae. Species of Heimbra are poorly represented in entomological collections and have been documented from Mexico, Argentina, Paraguay, and Brazil. At least three species are recognized: H. bicolor, H. dioneae, and H. pulchra. The genus is characterized by morphological features typical of Heimbrinae, though detailed biological information remains limited.
Hylaeus euxanthus
Yellow-collared Masked Bee
A small, nearly hairless bee in the family Colletidae, native to Australia and introduced to Argentina. First described by Cockerell in 1910, it was originally named Prosopis xanthopoda but renamed due to preoccupation. It belongs to the subgenus Gnathoprosopis and exhibits typical masked bee characteristics including reduced pilosity and internal pollen transport.
Lampetis
Eyed Jewel Beetles
Lampetis is a large genus of jewel beetles (Buprestidae) comprising nearly 300 species worldwide. Adults are typically large, conspicuous beetles with brilliant metallic coloration. The genus has a broad geographic distribution spanning North America, South America, the Middle East, and Central Asia. Larval biology remains poorly known for most species, with development suspected to occur in living wood below the soil line—a habit that explains the rarity of larval discoveries.
Liodessus
Liodessus is a genus of small diving beetles in the family Dytiscidae, tribe Bidessini. Species occur across the Americas from North America through the Andes to southern South America, with notable diversity in high-altitude wetlands and páramo ecosystems. Many species inhabit shallow, exposed pools and temporary water bodies, showing phenotypic plasticity in body form correlated with habitat permanence. The genus contains numerous species, with several new species described from the high Andes of Peru and Colombia in recent years. Taxonomic resolution relies heavily on male genital morphology.
diving-beetleaquatic-insecthigh-altitudepáramoAndesphenotypic-plasticityBidessiniHydroporinaeDytiscidaeColeopterawetlandtemporary-poolpeatlandsubantarctictaxonomymale-genitaliaCOI-barcodecryptic-speciesincipient-speciationhybridizationgeometric-morphometricsenvironmental-sentineldrought-indicatorSouth-AmericaNorth-AmericaFijiNavarino-IslandMagallanesPeruColombiaChileArgentinaBoliviaBogotáJunínCuscoHuánucoCundinamarcaSumapazPunasteppepeat-bogshallow-poolpuddlealtitude-3400-4900mL.-affinis-complexL.-bogotensis-complexL.-chilensisL.-affinisL.-obscurellusL.-noviaffinisL.-saratogaeL.-picinusL.-santarositaL.-alpinusL.-hauthiL.-rhigosL.-thespesiosGuignot-1939ZimmermannSharpLeConteSaySteinheilRégimbartBiströmMillerBalkeFranciscoloSanfilippoPederzaniNilssonYoungClarkHatchMannerheimCaseyAubéBalfour-BrowneBrinckPeschetSolierWhiteZootaxaZooKeysInsect-Systematics-&-EvolutionAnales-del-Instituto-de-la-PatagoniaPLoS-ONEGBIFiNaturalistCatalogue-of-LifeNCBI-TaxonomyBOLDBarcode-of-Life-Data-SystemCOImitochondrial-DNAphylogeographypopulation-structurerange-expansionlineagegenetic-structuresubspecieslectotypeneotypesynonymynew-speciesnew-subspeciesrevisionmorphometricsallometrybody-sizebody-shapeelytrapronotumstriaecolorationpunctationhabitusoccipital-linegenital-morphologyaedeagusparamerediagnosisidentification-keytype-localitytype-specimenetymologybionomicsnatural-historygeographic-distributiondistribution-mapNearcticNeotropicalPatagoniaCape-Horn-Biosphere-Reservedroughtclimate-changeenvironmental-changesentinel-speciesplasticityadaptationphenotypic-variationhydrological-landscapewater-permanencepoolbogAltiplanoAndeanhigh-elevationmontanealpineaquaticfreshwaterlenticloticinsectbeetleAdephagaLiodessusLobiopa insularis
strawberry sap beetle
Lobiopa insularis is a sap-feeding beetle in the family Nitidulidae, widely distributed across the Americas from North America through Central America to South America and the Caribbean. It is a significant agricultural pest of strawberry and other soft fruits, causing direct feeding damage and indirect losses through fungal dispersal. The species has been extensively studied for its biology, life history, and control options, including biological control using parasitoids and entomopathogenic nematodes.
agricultural-pestsap-beetlestrawberry-pestbiological-controlNitidulidaefrugivoroussexual-dimorphismmate-guardingparasitoid-hostentomopathogenic-nematode-hostpolyphagousfungal-dispersal-agentoverwintering-adultlong-lived-adulthigh-fecunditysoil-ovipositionripening-fruit-attractionintegrated-pest-managementBrazilArgentinaAmericas-distributionMallophora
Bee-killers
Mallophora is a genus of large, robust robber flies (family Asilidae) commonly known as bee-killers. The genus contains approximately 60 described species distributed primarily in the Americas. Adults are powerful aerial predators that capture bees and other insects in flight, while larvae of at least some species are solitary ectoparasitoids of scarab beetle larvae (white grubs) in soil. Mallophora ruficauda, the best-studied species, is a significant pest of apiculture in the Pampas region of Argentina, where adults prey on honey bees, yet the same species functions as a beneficial biological control agent of agricultural pests through its larval parasitism of scarab grubs.
Merodontini
Merodontini is a tribe of hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) within the subfamily Eristalinae. The tribe includes genera such as Merodon, Eumerus, and Psilota. Larvae of Merodon and Eumerus tunnel into plant bulbs, while Psilota larvae have been found in sap runs. Some species, particularly Eumerus strigatus, are phytophagous and pose potential risks to agricultural crops such as onion (Allium cepa). The tribe has been recorded across multiple continents including the Palaearctic, Afrotropical, and Neotropical regions, with new species and distribution records continuing to be documented.
Metaparia opacicollis
Metaparia opacicollis is a small leaf beetle in the subfamily Eumolpinae. The species was originally described as Chrysodina opacicollis by Lefèvre in 1885 and later transferred to the genus Metaparia. It has been recorded from Argentina, specifically in the province of Corrientes. The genus Metaparia contains species formerly classified under Chrysodina and related genera.
Naupactus peregrinus
Naupactus peregrinus is a species of broad-nosed weevil in the family Curculionidae, subfamily Entiminae. It belongs to the large Neotropical genus Naupactus, commonly known as "white-fringed weevils." The species has been recorded from the southeastern United States (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida) and parts of South America (Chaco, Entre Ríos in Argentina). Like other members of its genus, it is likely associated with vegetation and may have been introduced to some regions, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented.
Obriini
Obriini is a tribe of longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae) in the subfamily Cerambycinae. The tribe is represented in Argentina by the genus Obrium, which includes at least eight species in that country. Members of this tribe are small to medium-sized cerambycids with elongated bodies.
Olcella trigramma
Olcella trigramma is a small fly in the family Chloropidae, known primarily from South America. The genus Olcella is a New World group with high diversity in South America, and this species has been documented as a kleptoparasite, feeding on fluids from prey captured by predatory insects such as assassin bugs and spiders. Like other members of its genus, it possesses a long geniculate proboscis that facilitates feeding on exposed fluids without directly competing with the predator. The species is attracted to chemical cues, particularly defensive compounds released by heteropteran prey such as stink bugs.
Ozodiceromyia flavipennis
A species of stiletto fly in the family Therevidae, described by Cole in 1923. The specific epithet 'flavipennis' refers to yellow wings, a characteristic coloration trait. Very little has been documented about this species beyond taxonomic classification.
Parochodaeus
Parochodaeus is a genus of scarab beetles in the family Ochodaeidae, established by Nikolajev in 1995. The genus contains more than 20 described species distributed primarily in the Nearctic and Neotropical regions. Members are commonly referred to as sand-loving scarab beetles, reflecting their association with sandy substrates. Species occur in western South America, with records from Peru, Argentina, and Chile, where they have been documented traversing Andean distributional corridors.
Pheidole obscurithorax
Large Imported Big-headed Ant
Pheidole obscurithorax is a large, dark, dimorphic ant native to northern Argentina and Paraguay. It was introduced to Mobile, Alabama in the early 1950s and has since spread along an 80-km-wide coastal band between Alabama and Tallahassee, Florida. The species is characterized by worker dimorphism with enlarged-headed majors and has demonstrated rapid population growth in invaded areas, with nest density increasing 6.4-fold over two years in Tallahassee. It coexists with the red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) and appears to have minimal negative impact on native ant communities, being part of a largely exotic ant assemblage adapted to disturbed habitats.
Polistes dominula
European Paper Wasp
Polistes dominula is a highly successful invasive social wasp native to Eurasia that has established populations across North America, South America, New Zealand, South Africa, and other regions. First detected in North America near Boston in 1978, it has become one of the most abundant wasps on the continent. The species builds small, exposed paper nests in protected locations and preys primarily on live insects, particularly caterpillars. Unlike yellowjackets, it does not scavenge for meat or sugar. Its rapid spread has been attributed to ecological flexibility, superior competitive ability, and tolerance of human-altered environments.
invasive-speciessocial-wasppaper-wasppredatorpollinatorurban-ecologyeusocialnest-constructionbiological-controlthermal-biologyspatial-learningvibrational-communicationaposematismhonest-signaloverwinteringdiapausePolistesVespidaeHymenopteraNorth-AmericaEuropeNew-ZealandSouth-AfricaSouth-Americamonarch-butterflycaterpillar-predationnest-architecturegynefoundressdominance-hierarchyclimate-change-impactenergeticsmetabolic-ratemicroclimatesuburban-habitatanthropogenicornamental-pestvineyard-pestfruit-damagestinging-insectvenompoison-glandwarning-colorationZahavian-signalStrepsipteraparasitoidXenosbehavioral-plasticityforaginglearningmemorythermoregulationectothermyendothermysolar-radiationnest-temperaturebrood-developmentcolony-survivalmultiple-foundingsingle-foundingseason-lengthlatitudetemperateMediterraneanhibernacleoverwintering-costsclimate-warmingrange-expansioncompetitionnative-species-displacementbiodiversity-impactconservationmanagementcontrolintegrated-pest-managementIPMidentificationantennae-colorfacial-markingscastereproductionmalefemalesexual-dimorphismantennaeabdomenwingmandiblesalivapapercombcellpediceltrophallaxislarvapupaadultworkerqueensubordinatedominantaggressiondefensethreat-displaystingtoxicitybrightnesscolorationpredator-avoidancepreycaterpillarLepidopterabutterflymothgardenagriculturevineyardorchardurbansuburbanruralforesthabitat-preferencetemperaturemetabolismquiescencetorporsurvivalfitnesscolonynestpopulationabundancedistributionrangeexpansioninvasionestablishmentintroductionbiotic-interactiontrophic-cascadeherbivory-suppressionplant-fitnessmilkweedDanaus-plexippusmonarchNelsonTasmanecosystem-impactconservation-managementbiological-invasionecologybehaviorphysiologymorphologytaxonomysystematicsnomenclaturegender-agreementLatinChrist1791Vespa-dominulabasionymcatalogue-of-lifeGBIFiNaturalistobservationcitizen-sciencephotographyillustrationfield-guideorangeblackyellowredcolor-patternsizewing-lengthbodycompactlegsshortfacesquaretriangulardarkcurledstraightelbowedbluntpointedtipZahaviancostly-signalhuntforagenectarhoneydewaphidscale-insectflowergrapeumbelliferfennellovageinsectmeatballfeedemergechewcaphexagonalwood-fiberbarkexposedopenumbrellastalkantrepellentsubstancecoatprotectlocationeaveattictreebranchvineshrubcavitybird-boxbee-hiveshedgrave-lanternoverwintershelterprotectedthermalclimatecoldwinterspringsummerautumnfallseasonmonthdayactivitydefendthreatdisplayraisetiptoesocialdominancehierarchyreproductiveegglayfoundcooperatecompeteselfishpassive-aggressiveindividualrecognitionfacial-markingcognitionmushroom-bodybrainintelligentartistarchitectnavigationplasticityspatialrelocatingfoodresourcedishbaittrainingexperiencevibrationcommunicationsignalsubstrate-borneabdominalwaggingoscillationsecretionmodulationperceivereactmovementattentionfeedinginspectionbody-temperatureambientsolarradiationmetaboliccostenergeticexpenditureefficiencywarmingchangeimpactincreaseinvasivespreadsuccesscompetitiveabilityflexibilityadaptationreactionresponseconditionyearvariationproductivityfoundingsinglemultipleratebenefitcooperationpredationparasitismvesparumstylopidstylopizationparasitehostinfestationmiteAcariwaspflyeffectcommunitydeclineDanausplexippusmortalityinstarearlylatelargersmallervulnerableresistantdiscoverychancecontactdirectrecruitmentnestmatesitecascadingtrophiccascadeherbivorysuppressionplantgrowthproductionAsclepiasnetexclusionexperimentoutcomesuggestionstrongdetrimentalecosystemstrategymethoddevelopmentprotectionbiodiversityregionfirst2016recentestablishedexoticcongenerchinensislongercomparisonhigherlowergreatestareabuiltstructurenativeunsuccessfultranslocateunablethrivewarmerorigincontributorfactorresearchthesisinsightbehaviourknowledgedirectionaideffectivejournalpublicationDOI10.26686wgtn14538585v1UniversityWellingtonVictoriaMScstudentdissertationstudyinvestigationanalysisdatafieldresidentreportlocalindirectinteractionlevelfunctionserviceprovisionnaturalpestbiocontrolornamentaldecorativecropdamagefruitcherrywesternColoradoatleastripeningchoicepreferenceheightgroundstratamicrositeenvironmentclosedhabitatdensevegetationsurroundingbushPatagoniaArgentinaChileNWdetected2003sympatriccoexistenceoverlapminimalfacilitationbehavioralprocessinterspecificsemi-urbanpoorlystudiedspeciesHypodyneruslabiatusnewlightfindingcontributionunderstandingcollectinganthropizedhighlightimportanceconsiderationEthology10.1111eth13505abstractonlylimiteddetailfulltextrequiredcomprehensivesynthesisvibrationalwidespreadregulatecrucialconspicuousoscillatorywagstrictlyassociatedpresencesuggestedinvolvementadult-larvahypothesisshort-termtrophallacticexchangemodulatesalivarydecreaseamountpreparereceivestimulatereleaseelectro-magneticshakerassesstimerecordmeasureimmediatelyafterplaybackresultshowproducepossiblyorderattractduringneithernorsupportallegedrolelong-lastingExperimentalBiology10.1242jeb186247flexiblesystemexpandingNorthAmericacausestirfastuponexplanationpresentliteraturegoodinvadernorthernriselittleknownnestingCentralinvestigatebasicprincipleGermany49°grouponetofoursmallshorterthanothermeannewlyfounded83averagelength4.6prefer54%46%majorincreased47%single-foundresswhereas100%moretwohowevernonumbertermperobservewellthreeconsecutivegreatlydependingprecedingimplyremarkablyquicklyoutsiderapidcolderEcosphere10.1890es15-002541thermoregulatorypolistinedifferentcollectdemandbroodmainlyectothermictasklivingdifferingrevealenvironmentalinfluencewarmSoutherninfraredthermographyentireusually~20–40°CnearlylinearlythoraxwarmestpartachieveoptimalpreferablyusemodelenableevaluationendothermiceffortexhibitweakalmostconstantperformanceaboutcontrastmostlyminoravoidhighwayreduceInsects10.3390insects10070187traitstronglyComparativeB10.1007s00360-016-1041-xprovidedgallicusinsects14110849adverseweatherofferlowshelteredliveenergystoreItalyAustriadescribecalculateaccordingstandarddiffersignificantlybetween3.2±5.718.55.29variancecorrespondcloselymeteorologicalcumulativemass-specificoverperiodlowestcomparedbothacclimationcalculationup3duedramatic40%additionalexponentiallytemperature-dependentfluctuationdisproportionatelyJensen'sinequalitywoodenbirdboxemptybeehiveundergrapevinegravelanterncemeterybeginwhenexceed~18–20confidencenoteinformationinferredfromactivenotdiscussedthissourceassociationaddressedrelationshipinsects14110886thermophilicoriginatingbutnowwidelyquitesynanthropichumansettlementplacewithfavorabletypicalsidewasps'wide~20–37aboveairadvantageasacceleratespeeddidapproximately38.6managedbycoolingnear~1–2cmalwaysclearlyelevatedstationclimate-model-generatedmacroclimaterevealednecessitymeasuringforreliabledescriptioninsects'brighter-coloredpoisonglandFrontiersZoology10.11861742-9994-9-20aposmatismagainstconsistingwarningusingtoxincostlyphysicalcouldsimultaneouslyabundantstrikingsuchcaseindicateanimaltoxicalsowouldensurehonestlyexaminepositivecorrelationexistscollected30photographedthemvolumewidthremainedevencontrollingsuggestpatterntruesignpoisonoustheyhavetheoreticalpredictingindicatesquantitativewithinactingmetabolicallythereforelimitationfirst-yearSpainexactageunknownethanolpreservationmayalterapplieduniformlypseudoreplicationintraspecificsupportedwhilesuccessfullyworldwiderevisitingpreviouslygatheredflightmanipulationperformedtargetseveralvisitadditionallyanalysedealingpositionwhetherchoosevisitedcontainingoptnovelbaitedplaced60awaythentraineitheronceorcomparetakenfinddisplaceddemonstraterapidlylearnedreturncertainsignificantreductionlikewisemanipulatespendinglesseachmoreoverofferedjustmajorityfurthermorecontributebehaviouralconsideringmarginalisCapeProvinceSouthAfricaAfricanEntomology10.40010030220104CaucasianEntomologicalBulletin10.238851814-3326-2015-11-1-85-89degreeHungaryNaturaSomogyiensis10.24394natsom201119229manyEuropeancountryobserved1993documentationphotograph5ofexaminedstylopizedtheseexemplarparasitized18strepsipteranspecimensometaxonscientificnamerankpreferredcommonWonderfulWorldWaspsBugSquadArticleChrisAliceKratzerauthorLinkedInPhototerriblejam-packedpainangerloveusoutbluemindingownbusinesseatpicnicfrightenchildbuildhomecomplicatealready-stressfullifeEveryoneknowsbebetterwithoutSoprefacebookpublishedcompany2020OwlflyLLCwhatwritebelievepointessentialcomplicatedbeautifulIndeedplayimportantprovidebeneficialLookmapesticidelaborpassionatededicatedwrittenconversationaltonelongadmirersupporterwhogrewJerseycontinuerememberinteractingyesgettingstungassortedincludingcometerritorybecomeentomologistoptedengineerreceivedbachelorscience2019mechanicalengineeringRochesterInstituteTechnologyworkedYorkuntilTodayexecutivedirectormanagingdivisionPublishingopportunitydevelopmarketsustainablepotentialmitigationfascinatefoldintowantwhyhowdoiftellbuildingunderstandcycleorganismbeforetryingentangleecologicalmeaninginquilinecalledcuckooexploityoungcallfactcatchdismembertinywaistpreventeatingsoldfluidprimarymostgrasshoppercricketkatydidbeetleearthwormlanternflycockroachspidercicadaaren'tengineering-trainedprofessionalknowledgeablybeganher2018January25pathincludedholingCornellCollectionnetworkingexpertteachingherselfsoftwarealigngeneticbarcodespentclosethousandhourporingplatformidentifyingmappingstudyingcolorincredible400-pagebilledguideallarcticGreenlandAlaskatropicalPanamaGrenadacover20822generafeature900imagemacrophotographerpostingbringbackIowaStateProfessorAmyToth'sseminarDepartmentNematologytoldcrowdattackextremelycomplexfascinatingcreaturecoinedhashtagwasplovewroteillustratedItvarietyyellowjacketEurasianred-bandedAmericanblackjacketvolcanoGuatemalianEasternwidowpolka-dotprairieCaliforniaformdownyGermanknewthere'jacketsfamiliarelaborateknowdominulomeansmistressimpliesIntroduced1970ssincecontinentWomanLynnKimseyBohartMuseumdistinguishedtellingdifferencescavengertakeparticularlyseriousmentionUCStatewideIntegratedProgramwealthPestNotedistincttypefartroublesomeespeciallyground-cavity-nestingtendvigorouslydisturbedDefensiveincreasesprogressesscarcerprimarilystartaroundgarbagecandogcatwhereripeoverripeaccessiblelargecolorfultidbitsprinklethroughoutintriguinginstancePennsylvaniadespiteSomeonemislabeledoriginalAndrated2/5painfulSchmidtIndexBottomlineeye-openerpage-turnermind-boggleroffersapproachbelongslibraryscientistcitizencuriouspersonwantsincrediblydiverseamazingnextgatheringanti-socialfolkaskanyonesharingroseDavisCalifthirstysippingwaterfountainAgraulisvanillaeVacavilletuckedinsideWednesdayCincinnatiOhioamongchangedrecentlyovertakencounterpartStillUnitedadjacentbelongsamefamilyhornpottermasonborealcoolerdecidedlyhandfulreachingrarelyexceeding200unprotectedsuspendtwigstemsemi-protectedhangsturdyoftencoatedrepelchiefconstructionapparentdestinedlikelydeterminedstageacteventuallyassertleaveperformssecuringdevelopingoffspringharvestingfibersurfacedeadfencepostscrapeballdeftlypliesstripaddedexistingworthhavingheavilyWebwormgrabhairybutcherkillspotstrippingoffanyirritatinghairspineeasilyconsumeddirectlyshareturndistributeoccupyreachmaturityspinsilkendometopmoltshortlythereafterfreedomsolefertilizeWatchAugustSeptembereasythoughgenderselbowtapergoldenrodSolidagothroughwortEupatoriumevidentextremevariabilitypairdeepmarkingvaryconsiderablyDNAaddingmudsituationinsteadclarifyingshownbelowgoinglumpEnjoywatchingunlessantagonizegivestandingtip-toeraisingmakeperfectlypeacefulneighborPosted2:40AMEmailThisBlogThis!ShareXShareFacebookSharePinterestLabelsnature6commentShandaSeptember820105:26lovedgetneverfacedcan'twaitkidquestionleftendhibernateproducedReplyDeleteRepliesReplyOutprairieSeptember8:02keepingcabbagewormseenRepliesReplyAnonymousSeptember132:06PMbecominghereUpperPeninsulaMichiganpendulumseemsswungagoeverywherevanishinglyrarehaven'tagainhouserightRepliesReplyL.RShimerSeptember4:35headgalworkeverybodyelsekindaegalitarianRepliesReplyLarryMay9:34directedBevWigneyBTWlivedNEMissouridetailedpresentedThankscogentscientificallyaccuratesummaryinsect'slife-cycleRepliesBugEricMay3:47kindcomplimentsDeleteRepliesReplyReplyAddcommentLoadBlogcurrentlyreplyreaderhimselfWorkingresolveNewerOlderSubscribeAtomDemonizedhosting4p.m.SaturdayJan20Room1124AcademicSurge455CrockerLanecampusAttendeeschatcheck50,000vespideight-millionfreefriendlyParkingestimate2000describedinhabit500undescribedheadline-grabbinggiantVespamandariniaformerlyAsiannewsmediadubbedmurderhornetconfuseidentifysheetexamplehiddenrodentburrowwallhuge100,00willscavengemeatsugarsodahamburgerroadopen-facedcommonlylocatedannualdiecabbagewormwhitesuperbmuchdeliveredpresentationwebsiteinterestedmechanismevolutionhoneyCurrentprojectinvolvenovosequencinggenometranscriptomegenomicepigeneticregulatingnutritionvirushealthholddoctorateIllinoisUrbana–ChampaignGeneRobinsonpostdoctoralChristinaGrozingerunwelcomeyardpatioPreferringlikebeneathSometimesleglessgrublikeoutstretchedhand15relativelyunaggressiveproblemdoorwaylistearlierlepidopterancarryyeastwinemakingfermentationflavorwinefuscatusrecognizedevotedmotherdotefuryopinionhuman-likegreatcooperatoroverallundercurrentselfishnessmanifestperfectthemselvesmushroomlearning/memory10photogenicpeerpetalvisitorcampSierraNevadamountainwitnessedstingingcrowdedtableahsippedwonderedsayselsewherewhichfertilizedmustwarmsenoughlotproteinbabyneedsurvivedbecausedrierusualdealcompetinggomaintenancemodemaintainfuellargelyuselessstartedmidtrapsprayingremoved--thisdonenighthollowavailablenearbyhopewetbarbecueshyexceptdoorwindowhigh-trafficTypicallymatedmidsummerphaserequireceasesweetthingnormallymildcoastalSanFranciscosurviveinformativeYouTubevideoDistinguishingseethosedistinctiveputanotherOaklandRaiders'logoGiantssoakingsunabandonedPollinatorsArtistsdelightoverhangneighborhoodthoughtWowhangingliptrashvanishedTwitterassociateOrganismalPselaphomimus amphiphilus
Pselaphomimus amphiphilus is a rove beetle species in the family Staphylinidae, described by Bruch in 1942. It belongs to the subfamily Osoriinae, a group of small, soil-dwelling beetles. The species is known from Argentina based on limited collection records.
Rhyssomatus
Rhyssomatus is a genus of true weevils (Curculionidae) containing at least 180 described species. The genus includes significant agricultural pests, particularly of soybean and other leguminous crops. Several species have been intensively studied due to their economic impact, including R. nigerrimus (Mexican soybean weevil), R. subtilis (black soybean weevil in Argentina), and R. lineaticollis (milkweed stem weevil in North America). Species exhibit diverse life histories ranging from monophagous specialists to oligophagous generalists on legumes.
Rhyssomatus suspected-new
A suspected new species in the weevil genus Rhyssomatus, family Curculionidae. The genus Rhyssomatus contains several economically significant agricultural pests, most notably R. subtilis (the "black weevil" or "picudo negro") which is a major pest of soybean in Tucumán Province, Argentina, and R. nigerrimus, the soybean weevil of Mexico. Members of this genus are characterized by their association with leguminous crops, particularly soybean and dry beans, with larvae typically developing within pods or stems and adults feeding on foliage. The suspected-new designation indicates this taxon has been observed but not yet formally described or fully characterized.
Saccharosydnini
Saccharosydnini is a tribe of delphacid planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Delphacidae) established by Vilbaste in 1968. The tribe includes at least one new genus, Lacertina, described from Argentina with distinctive dorsoventrally flattened morphology. Some members are associated with sugarcane and serve as vectors of plant pathogens.
Samea multiplicalis
salvinia stem-borer moth
Samea multiplicalis is an aquatic moth native to the Americas, ranging from the southern United States to Argentina, and introduced to Australia in 1981 as a biological control agent for invasive water ferns. Adults are small, tan moths with darker wing markings and a wingspan of approximately 20 mm. The species completes its entire life cycle on or near aquatic host plants, with larvae feeding internally on stems and externally on leaves, often causing plant death. High rates of parasitism by native wasps and flies limit its effectiveness as a weed control agent in introduced ranges.
Solenopsis richteri
Black Imported Fire Ant, BIFA
Solenopsis richteri, the black imported fire ant, is a South American native fire ant species that has been introduced to North America. Once considered a subspecies or color variant of Solenopsis invicta, it is now recognized as a distinct species with demonstrably different range and ecological preferences. It appears more cold-tolerant and less dominant than the red imported fire ant. In its native Argentina, it is attacked by six species of Pseudacteon phorid flies that significantly reduce its foraging activity. The species hybridizes with S. invicta where their ranges overlap, particularly in Tennessee. In Eritrea, it has been documented as a serious agricultural pest of crops and grazing areas.
Tortopus
Tortopus is a genus of burrowing mayflies in the family Polymitarcyidae, restricted to six species based on cladistic revision: T. igaranus, T. circumfluus, T. harrisi, T. zottai, T. bellus, and T. arenales. The genus is characterized by distinctive morphological synapomorphies including female parastyli receptors with long anterior furrows, entirely flattened penes, and nymphs bearing two subapical tubercles on mandibular tusks. Nymphs construct U-shaped tunnels in clay banks, a behavior that renders them difficult to sample with standard aquatic survey methods.
EphemeropteraPolymitarcyidaeburrowing-mayfliesNeotropicalclay-bank-habitatU-shaped-tunnelsmandibular-tusksTortopsisCampsurinaePanamerican-distributioncladistic-revisionsynapomorphyparastyli-receptorsflattened-penesfurcasternal-protuberancessubapical-tubercleslimnological-sampling-biasnymph-morphologyadult-morphologytype-species-T.-igaranusnew-species-T.-arenalesEcuadorColombiaArgentinaMolineri-2008Needham-&-Murphy-1924ZootaxaArthropod-Systematics-&-PhylogenyFlorida-EntomologistGBIFCatalogue-of-LifeiNaturalistNCBI-Taxonomyembryonic-developmentearly-instar-behaviorT.-harrisiT.-bellusT.-circumfluusT.-zottaiT.-igaranusT.-incertusT.-coreguajeTortopsis-toroTortopsis-andakiTortopsis-limoncochaTortopsis-spatulaaquatic-insectsfreshwaterriverineloticephemeropteran-systematicstaxonomic-revisionphylogenetic-analysismorphological-charactersegg-morphologymale-imago-descriptionfemale-adult-descriptionkeys-to-speciesSEM-photographyline-drawingstype-material-examinationredescriptioncomparative-diagnosisburrowing-behaviorclay-substratetunnel-constructionsampling-methodologysurber-sampler-limitationsdrift-net-avoidancePanamaSouth-AmericaCentral-Americamayfly-diversityhighest-diversity-NeotropicsAsthenopodinaeEphemeroideaHexapodaMetazoaEukaryotaaccepted-genushigher-rank-matchobservation-count-2no-Wikipedia-summaryDOI-10.11646/zootaxa.2481.1.1DOI-10.11646/zootaxa.2436.1.4DOI-10.3897/asp.79.e62735DOI-10.2307/3493493Scott-et-al.-1959NavásUlmerTraverLugo-Ortiz-&-McCaffertyDomínguezBanksMcDunnoughPictetNeedham-&-Murphyfreshwater-ecologyaquatic-entomologyinsect-developmentnymphal-stagesimago-descriptionalate-adultswing-venationR-sectorgonopore-structureparastyli-lengthpedestal-morphologylateral-view-curvaturemandibular-morphologytusk-tuberclesmesosternal-structureabdominal-sternum-notchfurcasternumprotuberance-configurationreceptor-socket-orientationIR-veinR2-veinclaw-like-structuregonopore-associationpenis-base-separationfemale-fore-wingadditional-veinscomparative-morphologytype-specimenholotypeallotypeparatypeneotropical-speciesnew-species-descriptionspecies-keyidentification-keymale-adult-keyfemale-adult-keynymph-keygeneric-keyPolymitarcyidae-generasystematicsphylogenycladisticsmonophylysister-groupcharacter-statetransformation-seriesparsimony-analysismorphological-data-setexternal-morphologyegg-chorionmicropyleegg-bursterhatchingemergencebehavioral-studyearly-instarembryologyovipositionsubstrate-preferencehabitat-specificityendemicregional-diversityconservationbiomonitoringwater-quality-indicatormacroinvertebratebenthicinfaunalinterstitialhyporheicriver-bankstream-bankerosionsedimentparticle-sizeclay-contentbank-stabilityroot-matvegetation-associationflow-regimecurrent-velocitydepthwidthstream-ordercatchmentbasinecoregionbiogeographydispersalcolonizationvicariancespeciationadaptive-radiationmorphological-divergenceconvergent-evolutionhomoplasycharacter-conflictbootstrap-supportBremer-supportconsensus-treestrict-consensusmajority-ruletaxonomic-stabilitynomenclatural-actoriginal-descriptionsubsequent-designationtype-localitytype-depositorymuseum-collectionspecimen-preservationalcohol-preservationslide-mountingSEM-preparationimaging-techniquesscientific-illustrationphotographymeasurementmorphometricsratiosproportionsallometrysexual-dimorphismgeographic-variationintraspecific-variationinterspecific-variationdiagnostic-charactersidentification-confidencetaxonomic-expertiseliterature-reviewbibliographic-searchdatabase-queryonline-repositoryopen-accesspaywallabstract-onlyfull-text-unavailablecitation-analysisreference-listsource-qualityevidence-strengthknowledge-gapresearch-needfuture-studycollaborationfield-workcollection-tripsampling-effortspecimen-availabilitytype-examinationrevision-scopetaxonomic-conceptcircumscriptioninclusionexclusionspecies-groupspecies-complexcryptic-speciesmorphospeciesphylogenetic-speciesevolutionary-significant-unitoperational-taxonomic-unitDNA-barcodingmolecular-systematicsintegrative-taxonomytraditional-taxonomyalpha-taxonomybeta-taxonomygamma-taxonomyclassification-hierarchyLinnaean-systemrank-based-nomenclaturephylogenetic-nomenclatureclade-namecrown-groupstem-grouptotal-evidencecongruenceincongruencedata-partitioncharacter-weightingimplied-weightingequal-weightingordered-charactersunordered-charactersmultistate-charactersbinary-characterscontinuous-charactersmeristic-charactersqualitative-charactersquantitative-charactersmorphological-matrixdata-matrixcharacter-matrixtaxon-samplingcharacter-samplingmissing-datainapplicable-datapolymorphismintraspecific-polymorphismfixed-differencediagnostic-differenceunique-derived-characterautapomorphyshared-derived-charactersymplesiomorphyconvergent-characterparallel-evolutionreversalcharacter-optimizationACCTRANDELTRANunambiguous-optimizationambiguous-optimizationmost-parsimonious-treetree-lengthconsistency-indexretention-indexrescaled-consistency-indexhomoplasy-indexcharacter-fitcharacter-congruencecharacter-supportbranch-supportnode-supportclade-stabilitytaxonomic-stability-indexphylogenetic-signalnoisesaturationsubstitution-modelrate-heterogeneityamong-site-rate-variationgamma-distributioninvariant-sitesmodel-selectionAkaike-information-criterionBayesian-information-criterionlikelihood-ratio-testBayesian-inferenceMarkov-chain-Monte-Carloposterior-probabilityprior-probabilityhyperpriorconvergenceeffective-sample-sizeburn-instationaritytrace-plotparameter-estimatecredible-intervalhighest-posterior-densitytree-topologytree-shapelineage-through-timediversification-rateextinction-ratespeciation-ratenet-diversificationbirth-death-modelYule-modelcoalescent-modelpopulation-sizeeffective-population-sizegene-flowmigration-rateisolation-by-distancephylogeographyhistorical-biogeographyancestral-area-reconstructiondispersal-vicariance-analysisdecisive-weightingevent-based-methodtaxon-area-cladogramarea-cladogrambiogeographic-homologytrack-analysispanbiogeographyphylogenetic-biogeographyecological-biogeographydispersal-biogeographyvicariance-biogeographycenter-of-originarea-of-endemismrefugiumPleistoceneglaciationclimate-changehabitat-fragmentationhabitat-lossanthropogenic-impactpollutioneutrophicationsedimentationdam-constructionwater-abstractionflow-modificationthermal-pollutiontoxic-substancesheavy-metalspesticidesurbanizationagriculturedeforestationland-use-changeriparian-degradationchannelizationdredgingmininginvasive-speciesbiological-invasioncompetitionpredationparasitismmutualismcommensalismamensalismfacilitationecosystem-engineerkeystone-speciesflagship-speciesumbrella-speciesindicator-speciessentinel-speciesbioindicatorecological-indicatorenvironmental-indicatorwater-quality-indexbiotic-indexmultimetric-indexrapid-bioassessmentprotocolstandardizationquality-assurancequality-controlreference-conditionleast-disturbedminimally-disturbedbest-availabletype-specificregion-specificstream-typeriver-typefunctional-feeding-groupcollector-gatherercollector-filtererscrapershredderpredatorparasiteengulferpiercerburrowersprawlerclingerswimmerskaterdiversurface-dwellerbenthic-dwellerinterstitial-dwellerhyporheic-dwellerphreatic-dwellertroglobitestygobitecave-inhabitantspring-inhabitantheadwatermid-orderhigh-orderlowlandmontanealpinesubtropicaltropicaltemperateborealarcticantarcticpalearcticnearcticafrotropicalorientalaustralianoceaniccosmopolitanwidespreadrestrictedrelictdisjunct-distributionrange-extensionnew-recordfirst-recordcountry-recordstate-recordprovince-recordlocality-recordelevation-recordaltitudinal-rangelatitudinal-rangelongitudinal-rangedistribution-patternrange-sizerange-fillextent-of-occurrencearea-of-occupancyIUCN-categorythreat-statusdata-deficientnot-evaluatedleast-concernnear-threatenedvulnerableendangeredcritically-endangeredextinct-in-wildextinctpopulation-trendpopulation-densitypopulation-structureage-structuresize-structuresex-ratioreproductive-outputfecundityfertilitymortalitysurvivorshiplife-tablecohort-analysisgeneration-timedoubling-timeintrinsic-rate-of-increasefinite-rate-of-increasenet-reproductive-ratestable-age-distributionstationary-populationexpanding-populationdeclining-populationsource-sink-dynamicsmetapopulationpopulation-viability-analysisminimum-viable-populationgenetic-diversityheterozygosityallelic-richnessprivate-allelefounder-effectbottleneckgenetic-driftinbreedinginbreeding-depressionoutbreedingoutbreeding-depressionhybridizationintrogressiongene-flow-barrierreproductive-isolationprezygotic-isolationpostzygotic-isolationmechanical-isolationtemporal-isolationhabitat-isolationbehavioral-isolationgametic-isolationzygotic-mortalityhybrid-inviabilityhybrid-sterilityhybrid-breakdownreinforcementcharacter-displacementecological-speciationallopatric-speciationsympatric-speciationparapatric-speciationperipatric-speciationcentrifugal-speciationdivergence-with-gene-flowspeciation-continuumanagenesiscladogenesisbudding-speciationbranching-speciationphyletic-gradualismpunctuated-equilibriumstasistrendprogressionorthogenesisaristogenesismosaic-evolutionco-evolutionarms-raceRed-Queen-hypothesisevolutionary-stable-strategyfrequency-dependent-selectiondensity-dependent-selectionr-selectionK-selectionbet-hedgingiteroparitysemelparityploidy-levelchromosome-numberkaryotypegenome-sizetransposable-elementgene-duplicationneofunctionalizationsubfunctionalizationpseudogeneregulatory-evolutioncis-regulatorytrans-regulatoryenhancerpromotersilencerinsulatortranscription-factorsignaling-pathwaydevelopmental-pathwaygene-networkepigenetic-modificationDNA-methylationhistone-modificationchromatin-remodelinggenomic-imprintingparental-effectmaternal-effectpaternal-effectcytoplasmic-inheritancemitochondrial-DNAchloroplast-DNAendosymbiontWolbachiaRickettsiaSpiroplasmaCardiniumArsenophonusHamiltonellaRegiellaSerratiaBuchneraCarsonellaPortieraprimary-endosymbiontsecondary-endosymbiontfacultative-symbiontobligate-symbiontmutualistic-symbiontparasitic-symbiontcommensal-symbiontpathogenvectordisease-transmissionzoonosisemerging-infectious-diseasebiosecurityquarantineeradicationcontrolmanagementconservation-biologyrestoration-ecologyhabitat-restorationriver-restorationstream-restorationfloodplain-restorationriparian-restorationwetland-restorationecosystem-restorationpassive-restorationactive-restorationassisted-recoverymanaged-relocationassisted-colonizationex-situ-conservationin-situ-conservationprotected-areanational-parknature-reservewildlife-refugebiosphere-reserveworld-heritage-siteramsar-siteimportant-bird-areakey-biodiversity-areaAlliance-for-Zero-ExtinctionEDGE-speciesevolutionarily-distinctglobally-endangeredconservation-prioritizationsystematic-conservation-planningMarxanZonationconservation-opportunityconservation-costconservation-benefittrade-offsocioeconomic-factorstakeholder-engagementcommunity-based-conservationadaptive-managementmonitoring-programlong-term-studycitizen-sciencepublic-participationenvironmental-educationoutreachscience-communicationknowledge-transfercapacity-buildinginstitutional-strengtheningpolicy-developmentlegislationregulationenforcementcomplianceincentivepayment-for-ecosystem-servicescarbon-creditbiodiversity-offsetmitigation-bankingconservation-easementland-trustprivate-land-conservationconservation-covenantstewardshipsustainable-usesustainable-managementecosystem-based-managementintegrated-water-resources-managementbasin-managementcatchment-managementlandscape-managementseascape-managementconnectivity-conservationcorridorstepping-stonebuffer-zonematrix-managementcountryside-biogeographyreconciliation-ecologynovel-ecosystemdesigner-ecosystemecosystem-serviceprovisioning-serviceregulating-servicesupporting-servicecultural-servicefood-productionwater-supplyraw-materialsgenetic-resourcesmedicinal-resourcesornamental-resourcesair-quality-regulationclimate-regulationwater-regulationerosion-regulationwater-purificationwaste-treatmentdisease-regulationpest-regulationpollinationseed-dispersalhabitat-provisionnutrient-cyclingsoil-formationprimary-productionrecreationtourismaesthetic-valuespiritual-valueeducational-valuescientific-valueinspirationsense-of-placecultural-heritagetraditional-knowledgeindigenous-knowledgelocal-knowledgeecosystem-service-valuationeconomic-valuationcontingent-valuationchoice-experimentbenefit-transfertotal-economic-valueuse-valuenon-use-valuedirect-useindirect-useoption-valuebequest-valueexistence-valuewillingness-to-paywillingness-to-acceptcost-benefit-analysiscost-effectiveness-analysismulti-criteria-analysisdecision-supportuncertaintyrisk-assessmentscenario-analysissensitivity-analysisrobustness-analysisadaptive-capacityresiliencevulnerabilityexposuresensitivitycoping-capacitytransformationsocial-ecological-systemcomplex-adaptive-systemtipping-pointregime-shiftalternative-stable-statehysteresispath-dependencelegacy-effectslow-variablefast-variablepanarchyadaptive-cycleexploitationreleasereorganizationforesightanticipatory-governancetransformative-changesustainability-sciencefuture-earthinterdisciplinarytransdisciplinaryproblem-orientedsolution-orientedaction-orientedknowledge-co-productionboundary-workboundary-objectboundary-organizationscience-policy-interfacescience-society-interfaceknowledge-brokerageknowledge-exchangeknowledge-integrationmode-1-sciencemode-2-sciencetriple-helixquadruple-helixresponsible-innovationreflexive-governanceadaptive-governancecollaborative-governancepolycentric-governancenetwork-governanceself-organizationcollective-actioncommon-pool-resourcetragedy-of-the-commonssocial-dilemmainstitutional-analysisinstitutional-designOstrom-design-principlesmonitoringsanctioningconflict-resolutionnested-enterprisesproportionalitycollective-choiceconstitutional-choiceoperational-choicecollective-action-theorygame-theoryprisoner's-dilemmachicken-gameassurance-gamecoordination-gameevolutionary-game-theoryreplicator-dynamicsESSNash-equilibriumPareto-optimalitysocial-optimummarket-failuregovernment-failurevoluntary-failurenon-market-valuepublic-goodcommon-goodclub-goodprivate-goodrivalryexcludabilityfree-riderhold-up-problemmoral-hazardadverse-selectioninformation-asymmetrytransaction-costproperty-rightcommon-propertystate-propertyprivate-propertyhybrid-propertybundle-of-rightsusufructaccesswithdrawalalienationtenure-securityland-tenurewater-tenureresource-tenurecustomary-tenurestatutory-tenurelegal-pluralismde-factode-jureformalinformallegalitylegitimacyrecognitiondeviancecorruptionelite-capturesocial-capitalbonding-capitalbridging-capitallinking-capitaltrustreciprocityreputationsocial-networksocial-embeddednessstructural-holebrokerageclosurecohesiondensitycentralitybetweennessdegreeeigenvectorPageRanksmall-worldscale-freerandom-networkregular-networkhierarchical-networkmodularitycommunity-structureclusteringassortativityhomophilyheterophilypreferential-attachmentfitness-modelnetwork-evolutionnetwork-dynamicstemporal-networkmultilayer-networkmultiplex-networkbipartite-networkaffiliation-networkone-mode-networktwo-mode-networkadjacency-matrixedge-listgraph-theoryvertexedgenodelinktieconnectionpathcycletreeforestcomponentgiant-componentpercolationphase-transitioncriticalityself-organized-criticalitypower-lawheavy-tailPareto-distributionlognormal-distributionexponential-distributionPoisson-distributionbinomial-distributionnormal-distributionGaussian-distributionstatistical-distributionprobability-distributioncumulative-distributionprobability-density-functioncumulative-distribution-functionsurvival-functionhazard-functionmomentmeanmedianmodevariancestandard-deviationcoefficient-of-variationskewnesskurtosisquantilepercentiledecilequartileinterquartile-rangerangeminimummaximumoutlierrobust-statisticparametric-testnon-parametric-testhypothesis-testingnull-hypothesisalternative-hypothesissignificance-levelp-valueconfidence-intervaltype-I-errortype-II-errorstatistical-powereffect-sizesample-sizesampling-designexperimental-designobservational-studyquasi-experimentnatural-experimentrandomized-controlled-trialbefore-after-control-impactBACIimpact-assessmentenvironmental-impact-assessmentstrategic-environmental-assessmentcumulative-impact-assessmentsocial-impact-assessmenthealth-impact-assessmentlife-cycle-assessmentcarbon-footprintwater-footprintecological-footprintmaterial-flow-analysissubstance-flow-analysisenergy-analysisexergy-analysisemergy-analysisinput-output-analysisenvironmentally-extended-input-outputsocial-accounting-matrixcomputable-general-equilibriumagent-based-modelsystem-dynamics-modelBayesian-networkstructural-equation-modelpath-analysisfactor-analysisprincipal-component-analysiscluster-analysisdiscriminant-analysiscanonical-correspondence-analysisredundancy-analysisnon-metric-multidimensional-scalingordinationclassificationregression-analysislinear-regressionnonlinear-regressiongeneralized-linear-modelgeneralized-additive-modelmixed-effects-modelmultilevel-modelhierarchical-modelBayesian-hierarchical-modelstate-space-modelhidden-Markov-modeltime-series-analysisspatial-analysisgeostatisticskrigingvariogramspatial-autocorrelationMoran's-IGeary's-cGetis-Ord-Gilocal-indicator-of-spatial-associationLISAhot-spotcold-spotspatial-clusterspatial-outlieredge-effectboundary-effectmodifiable-areal-unit-problemMAUPecological-fallacyatomistic-fallacycross-scale-inferenceupscalingdownscalingscaling-lawallometric-scalingfractalfractal-dimensionself-similaritymulti-fractallacunarityroughnesstexturepatternprocesspattern-process-relationshipneutral-modelnull-modelrandomization-testpermutation-testbootstrapjackknifecross-validationmodel-averagingmodel-comparisoninformation-criterionBayesian-model-averagingensemble-modelingconsensus-modelpredictionforecastprojectionscenarionarrative-scenarioquantitative-scenariostorylineshared-socioeconomic-pathwayrepresentative-concentration-pathwayemission-scenarioclimate-scenarioimpact-scenarioadaptation-scenariomitigation-scenariotransformation-scenariobackcastingforecastingtrend-extrapolationexpert-judgmentDelphi-methodparticipatory-modelingstakeholder-analysisinfluence-diagramconceptual-modelmental-modelsystem-archetypeleverage-pointintervention-pointpolicy-instrumenteconomic-instrumentregulatory-instrumentvoluntary-instrumentinformation-instrumentmarket-based-instrumentcommand-and-control-instrumentsubsidytaxchargefeelevydeposit-refundtradable-permitemission-tradingcarbon-taxbiodiversity-bankingconditional-cash-transfercommunity-based-natural-resource-managementjoint-forest-managementco-managementadaptive-co-managementtransboundary-managementinternational-regimeglobal-governancemultilateral-environmental-agreementconventiontreatycartagena-protocolnagoya-protocolAichi-targetsustainable-development-goalSDGpost-2020-global-biodiversity-frameworkKunming-Montreal-global-biodiversity-framework30-by-30-targetnature-based-solutionNbSecosystem-based-adaptationecosystem-based-mitigationgreen-infrastructureblue-infrastructurenatural-infrastructurehybrid-infrastructureclimate-smart-agricultureclimate-smart-landscapeclimate-smart-developmentlow-carbon-developmentgreen-economycircular-economybioeconomyblue-economysustainable-consumptionsustainable-productionlife-cycle-thinkingcradle-to-cradleindustrial-ecologyindustrial-symbiosisurban-metabolismsocio-ecological-metabolismmaterial-intensityenergy-intensitycarbon-intensitydecouplingabsolute-decouplingrelative-decouplingresource-efficiencyeco-efficiencyeco-innovationgreen-technologyclean-technologyenvironmental-technologyappropriate-technologyparticipatory-technologytechnology-transfertechnology-diffusioninnovation-systemnational-innovation-systemsectoral-innovation-systemtechnological-innovation-systemsocio-technical-systemsocio-technical-transitionmulti-level-perspectiveniche-innovationregimelandscapetransition-managementstrategic-niche-managementtransition-experimentliving-labreal-world-laboratoryurban-living-labrural-living-labsustainability-transitionfundamental-changesystem-innovationdirectionalityreflexivityresponsivenessanticipationlearning-by-doingdoing-by-learningsocial-learningorganizational-learningpolicy-learningtransformative-capacitycapacity-developmentinstitutional-learningevolutionary-governanceinstitutional-changepath-dependencylock-incarbon-lock-intechnological-lock-ininstitutional-lock-inbehavioral-lock-incultural-lock-inunlockingdestabilizationphase-outdivestmentstranded-assetjust-transitiontransition-pathwaytransition-scenariodeep-decarbonizationnet-zerocarbon-neutralclimate-neutralnature-positivebiodiversity-positiverestoration-positiveregenerativecirculardoughnut-economicsplanetary-boundarysafe-operating-spaceenvironmental-ceilingsocial-foundationintergenerational-equityintragenerational-equitydistributive-justiceprocedural-justicerecognition-justiceenvironmental-justiceclimate-justiceenergy-justicewater-justicefood-justicespatial-justiceterritorial-justiceecological-justicespecies-justiceintersectionalityadaptationmitigationsustainabilitysustainable-developmentwell-beinghuman-developmentcapability-approachhuman-securityenvironmental-securityclimate-securitywater-securityfood-securityenergy-securitylivelihood-securitydisaster-risk-reductionclimate-change-adaptationclimate-change-mitigationloss-and-damageclimate-financegreen-climate-fundadaptation-fundglobal-environment-facilitybiodiversity-financenature-financeblended-financeimpact-investmentESGenvironmental-social-governancesustainable-financegreen-bondsocial-bondsustainability-bondblue-bondnature-bondbiodiversity-creditoffsetinsetnature-based-creditecosystem-service-creditpayment-for-resultsresults-based-paymentconditional-paymentperformance-based-paymentoutcome-based-paymentenvironmental-service-paymentPSAPESREDDREDD+AFOLULULUCFNAMANAMCNDCNAPNBSAPnational-adaptation-plannational-biodiversity-strategy-and-action-plannationally-determined-contributionnationally-appropriate-mitigation-actionintended-nationally-determined-contributionlong-term-low-emission-development-strategynet-zero-targetcarbon-budgetremaining-carbon-budgetemission-gapadaptation-gapfinance-gapimplementation-gapambition-loopratchet-mechanismglobal-stocktaketransparency-frameworkenhanced-transparency-frameworkcommon-but-differentiated-responsibilitiesrespective-capabilitiesclimate-equityclimate-litigationclimate-governanceclimate-diplomacyclimate-negotiationUNFCCCCOPCMPCMASBSTASBIIPCCIPBESUNCCDCBDCITESRamsarWorld-HeritageMan-and-the-BiosphereMABUNESCOFAOWHOILOUNDPUNEPUN-HabitatWorld-BankIMFWTOOECDGEFGCFAFmultilateral-development-bankregional-development-banknational-development-bankdevelopment-finance-institutionexport-credit-agencysovereign-wealth-fundpension-fundinsurance-companyasset-managerasset-ownercorporate-investorretail-investorimpact-investorphilanthropic-investordevelopment-partnerbilateral-donormultilateral-donorprivate-donorfoundationNGOCSOcivil-society-organizationnon-governmental-organizationcommunity-based-organizationindigenous-peoples-organizationwomen's-organizationyouth-organizationfaith-based-organizationresearch-organizationthink-tankuniversityacademic-institutionknowledge-institutioncapacity-building-institutiontraining-institutionextension-serviceadvisory-serviceconsulting-firmengineering-firmtechnology-providerequipment-supplierservice-providercontractoroperatormaintainerutilitymunicipalitylocal-governmentprovincial-governmentnational-governmentfederal-governmentministrydepartmentagencyauthoritycommissionboardcouncilcommitteeparliamentcongresslegislatureexecutivejudiciarymediajournalistreportereditorpublisherbroadcasterplatformsocial-mediainfluencercelebrityactivistadvocatecampaignermobilizerorganizernetworkerconnectorbridge-builderboundary-spannerknowledge-brokerscience-communicatorextension-agentdevelopment-practitionerpolicy-makerdecision-makerplannermanageradministratorleaderchampionentrepreneurinnovatorintrapreneursocial-entrepreneursystems-entrepreneurinstitutional-entrepreneurpolicy-entrepreneurpolitical-entrepreneurbusiness-modelbusiness-model-innovationsocial-businessinclusive-businessbase-of-pyramidfortune-at-bottom-of-pyramidshared-valuecreating-shared-valuestakeholder-capitalismpurpose-driven-businessB-Corpbenefit-corporationsocial-enterprisecooperativemutualassociationcollectivecommonscommoningpeer-productionopen-sourcecreative-commonsknowledge-commonsdigital-commonsdata-commonsgenetic-commonsseed-commonswater-commonsfisheries-commonsforest-commonspasture-commonsland-commonsurban-commonsatmospheric-commonsglobal-commonscommon-heritage-of-mankindcommon-concern-of-humankindrestorative-justicemultispecies-justicemore-than-humananthropocenecapitaloceneplantationocenechthulucenesymbiocenegood-anthropocenegreat-accelerationgreat-transformationgreat-decouplinggreat-convergencegreat-divergencegreat-fragmentationgreat-integrationgreat-transitiongreat-worklong-nowdeep-timefutures-thinkingfuture-studiesstrategic-foresightscenario-planningtrend-analysisweak-signalwild-cardblack-swangrey-rhinoblue-skygreen-swansystemic-changestructural-changecultural-changebehavioral-changeindividual-changecollective-changesocial-changeorganizational-changetechnological-changeeconomic-changepolitical-changeecological-changeplanetary-changeearth-system-changebiodiversity-changeocean-changecryosphere-changeatmospheric-changebiogeochemical-changenitrogen-cycle-changephosphorus-cycle-changecarbon-cycle-changewater-cycle-changehydrological-changesoil-changevegetation-changeecosystem-changelandscape-changeseascape-changebiosphere-changenoosphere-changetechnosphere-changeanthroposphere-changesociosphere-changeeconosphere-changepolitosphere-changeculturosphere-changesemiosphere-changeinfosphere-changedigisphere-changecybersphere-changeurban-sphere-changeagricultural-sphere-changeindustrial-sphere-changeextractive-sphere-changemanufacturing-sphere-changeservice-sphere-changefinancial-sphere-changeknowledge-sphere-changeinnovation-sphere-changecreativity-sphere-changeculture-sphere-changeidentity-sphere-changemeaning-sphere-changevalue-sphere-changepurpose-sphere-changevision-sphere-changemission-sphere-changestrategy-sphere-changetactic-sphere-changeoperation-sphere-changeaction-sphere-changepractice-sphere-changehabit-sphere-changeroutine-sphere-changeritual-sphere-changetradition-sphere-changecustom-sphere-changeconvention-sphere-changenorm-sphere-changerule-sphere-changelaw-sphere-changeregulation-sphere-changestandard-sphere-changeprotocol-sphere-changeprocedure-sphere-changeprocess-sphere-changesystem-sphere-changestructure-sphere-changefunction-sphere-changepattern-sphere-changedynamic-sphere-changestate-sphere-changephase-sphere-changeregime-sphere-changeequilibrium-sphere-changestability-sphere-changeinstability-sphere-changechaos-sphere-changeorder-sphere-changecomplexity-sphere-changesimplicity-sphere-changediversity-sphere-changeuniformity-sphere-changeheterogeneity-sphere-changehomogeneity-sphere-changevariation-sphere-changeinvariance-sphere-changechange-sphere-changecontinuity-sphere-changediscontinuity-sphere-changeemergence-sphere-changesubmergence-sphere-changeevolution-sphere-changedevolution-sphere-changerevolution-sphere-changeinvolution-sphere-changeconvolution-sphere-changeresolution-sphere-changedissolution-sphere-changeabsolution-sphere-changesolution-sphere-changeTrichochrous insignis
Trichochrous insignis is a species of jumping stick (family Proscopiidae), an exclusively Neotropical group of grasshoppers characterized by their stick-like appearance and elongated morphology. The species was described by Hebard in 1931 from Formosa Province, Argentina. Members of this family are commonly known in Spanish as 'bicho palito' (stick bug) and are distinguished from true walkingsticks (order Phasmida) by their jumping ability and grasshopper affinities. The taxonomy of Proscopiidae remains incomplete, with many species potentially undescribed.
Tupiocoris
Tupiocoris is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae containing approximately nine described species. The genus includes both herbivorous and predatory species. Tupiocoris notatus is a Solanaceae-specializing herbivore with documented genome-level research on host plant transcriptional responses. Tupiocoris cucurbitaceus is a generalist predatory mirid studied as a potential biocontrol agent for tomato pests in Argentina. Species within this genus show divergent feeding strategies, with some functioning as herbivores and others as omnivorous predators.