2020

Guides

Antiblemma carolae
Antiblemma carolae is a moth species in the family Erebidae, described by Troubridge in 2020. The species belongs to the genus Antiblemma, a group of underwing moths within the subfamily Eulepidotinae. As a recently described species, detailed information about its biology and distribution remains limited.
Erebidae Eulepidotinae Noctuoidea recently-described 2020
Athyrma fakahatchee
Athyrma fakahatchee is a moth species in the family Erebidae, described by James Troubridge in 2020. The specific epithet references Fakahatchee Strand, a large cypress swamp in southwestern Florida, indicating a likely association with subtropical wetland habitats. The species belongs to the genus Athyrma, which comprises medium-sized moths primarily distributed in the Americas. As a recently described species, detailed biological information remains limited.
recently-described 2020 Florida-endemic wetland-associated subtropical
Bleptina extincta
Bleptina extincta is a moth species in the family Erebidae, subfamily Herminiinae, described by Troubridge in 2020. The species epithet 'extincta' is Latin for 'extinct,' though this refers to the moth's appearance rather than conservation status. It is a recently described species with limited published information. The genus Bleptina contains small to medium-sized moths commonly known as litter moths.
recently-described 2020 North-America litter-moth noctuid-moth
Bleptina flavivena
Bleptina flavivena is a species of moth in the family Erebidae, subfamily Herminiinae, described by Troubridge in 2020. It belongs to a genus of litter moths, though specific details about its biology remain limited due to its recent description. The species epithet 'flavivena' suggests a yellowish vein pattern on the wings, a characteristic feature of this taxon.
Herminiinae litter-moth recently-described 2020 Nearctic-likely Bleptina Erebidae Noctuoidea Lepidoptera moth
Diastema leo
Diastema leo is a species of moth in the family Noctuidae, subfamily Condicinae, described by Troubridge in 2020. The genus Diastema belongs to a diverse group of noctuid moths found primarily in the Americas. As a recently described species, detailed ecological and biological information remains limited.
Noctuidae Condicinae Lepidoptera moth recently-described 2020 Diastema Troubridge
Doryodes acta
Doryodes acta is a moth species in the family Erebidae, subfamily Erebinae, described by Troubridge in 2020. The genus Doryodes is part of a diverse group of noctuid-like moths within the superfamily Noctuoidea. As a recently described species, detailed information about its biology and ecology remains limited.
Lepidoptera Erebidae Erebinae Noctuoidea recently-described-species 2020
Dyspyralis ocala
Dyspyralis ocala is a moth species in the family Erebidae, subfamily Hypenodinae, described by David Troubridge in 2020. The specific epithet "ocala" references the Ocala region of Florida, suggesting a geographic association with this area. As a recently described species, detailed information about its biology and ecology remains limited. It belongs to a genus of small moths whose members are typically associated with forested habitats.
moth Erebidae Hypenodinae Florida-endemic recently-described 2020 Troubridge
Euschistus servus
Brown Stink Bug
Euschistus servus, commonly known as the brown stink bug, is a native North American pentatomid species distributed across Central America and North America. It is a significant agricultural pest in the southern United States, feeding on a wide range of crops including soybeans, cotton, corn, peanuts, peaches, and pecans. The species is highly mobile, capable of dispersing up to 15.9 km in flight mill studies, and exhibits seasonal movement between crop hosts and non-crop habitats. Two subspecies are recognized: E. s. servus and E. s. euschistoides.
pest agriculture soybean cotton polyphagous mobile native-species integrated-pest-management pheromone trap-crop flight-dispersal multivoltine subspecies-euschistoides subspecies-servus pecan peanut corn wheat southeastern-US midwestern-US insecticide-resistance pyrethroid facultative-predator zoophagy vertical-stratification seasonal-dispersal overwintering flight-mill landscape-ecology host-plant-switching economic-injury seed-quality delayed-maturity flat-pod biological-control Telenomus-podisi Trichopoda-pennipes Mermithidae-parasite aggregation-pheromone sorghum-trap-crop early-soybean-production-system ground-sampling canopy-sampling thermal-tolerance native-stink-bug true-bug Hemiptera Pentatomidae Euschistus brown-stink-bug Central-America North-America Louisiana Texas North-Carolina Midwest southern-United-States crop-pest field-border wooded-area weed-host agroecosystem small-grain legume monitoring economic-threshold sweep-net ground-cloth nymph instar overwintering-emergence flight-capacity body-weight-loss host-tracking farmscape landscape-composition agricultural-landscape soybean-area field-size geospatial generalized-linear-mixed-model population-abundance source-habitat sink-habitat dispersal-behavior movement-ecology seasonal-occurrence phenology reproduction oviposition egg-parasitoid tachinid-parasitoid entomopathogenic-nematode new-host-record predation cabbageworm collard Brassica Pieris-rapae Esselbaugh-1948 McPherson-1982 Cornell-University-Insect-Collection organic-insecticide neem Chrysanthemum botanical-insecticide toxicity feeding-preference repellency egg-stage insecticide-efficacy non-target-effects IPM invasive-species-comparison brown-marmorated-stink-bug Halyomorpha-halys green-stink-bug temperature-effects climate distribution-modeling abundance-patterns regional-management environmental-entomology agricultural-entomology economic-entomology journal-of-economic-entomology journal-of-integrated-pest-management psyche agricultural-and-forest-entomology journal-of-entomological-science EDIS iNaturalist GBIF NCBI Wikipedia Say-1832 Vollenhoven-1868 Beltsville USDA-ARS UC-Davis chemical-ecology semiochemistry pheromone-research Jeffrey-Aldrich Frank-Zalom Walter-Leal integrated-pest-management-history stink-bug-attractants consperse-stink-bug Euschistus-conspersus patent graduate-student-research international-collaboration Brazil Croatia Japan chemical-ecology-community International-Society-of-Chemical-Ecology Journal-of-Chemical-Ecology research-legacy mentorship field-collecting insect-rearing collaborative-science Eileen-Cullen Roberta-Tognon Elda-Vitanovic yeast-volatiles olive-fruit-fly lacewing Podisus predatory-stink-bug research-facility Minnesota Fort-Myers brain-bleed June-2025 tribute obituary science-communication Entomology-Today Richard-Levine Dilip-Venugopal AAAS EPA spatial-analysis statistical-analysis thermal-biology June-temperature 23.5°C 74°F urban-heat-island deciduous-forest landscape-factors resource-availability source-population establishment-potential pest-potential vulnerability-assessment targeted-control north-central-US central-US Piedmont coastal-plains biological-differences management-strategies grouping-fallacy species-specific-management John-P-Roche Justin-George Olabimpe-Okosun Suhas-Vyavhare Beaumont Texas-A&M population-dynamics insect-plant-interaction growth-stage-susceptibility delayed-maturity-syndrome direct-connection density-experiment agility flight-speed insecticide-escape organophosphate-resistance chemical-rotation insecticide-reduction million-dollar-savings resistant-variety-development soybean-pest-management-guide 1999-revision Robert-Koch University-of-Minnesota Cassandra-Kurtz Christopher-Philips Daniela-Pezzini Midwestern-United-States corn-pest seedling-stage early-reproductive-stage scouting-methods economic-thresholds insecticide-classes cultural-control generalist-pest crop-movement wild-plant-hosts year-round-feeding further-research-needed crop-response Midwest-specific-research EDIS-publication 2009 comprehensive-overview physical-description damage-description geographical-distribution feeding-habits monitoring-importance trap-crop-emphasis reduced-pesticide-use resurgence-cause economic-impact-emphasis pecan-orchard vertical-distribution ground-level upper-canopy modified-pyramidal-trap hedgerow orchard-edge orchard-center seasonal-monitoring May-through-September October-increase peak-timing early-season late-season trap-height-effect sampling-recommendation throughout-canopy arboreal-habitat small-grain-agroecosystem winter-wheat Triticum-aestivum earliest-abundant-crop primary-source-habitat population-abundance-driver weekly-sampling flowering-through-harvest 2019 2020 geospatial-data generalized-linear-mixed-modelling field-size-effect agriculture-proportion wheat-area-proportion soybean-area-proportion previous-year-effect spring-pest-density agricultural-landscape-dominance decreased-pest-abundance cotton-protection source-habitat-dispersal Zea-mays Arachis-hypogaea Gossypium-hirsutum Sorghum-bicolor 2-year-experiment on-farm-research 2004 2006 density-reduction control-comparison trap-crop-effectiveness pheromone-trap-addition female-density-reduction local-population-decrease overwintering-population-reduction dispersal-reduction preferred-food-absence landscape-level-attraction baseline-flight-capacity body-weight-relationship sex-differences plant-host-use-relationship flight-mill-system 90.1%-flight-range 0-1-km-typical 15.9-km-maximum 2017 seasonal-variation overwintering-emergence-peak cropping-season-low wheat-host corn-host early-season-weed-host soybean-host late-season-weed-host body-weight-loss-proportion farmscape-level-extrapolation management-program-development planning implementation multiple-crops peach EDIS-document life-cycle-detail physical-description-detail damage-detail management-strategy-detail monitoring-emphasis pesticide-reduction-context economic-impact-detail New-York-State Brassica-oleracea Cruciferae August-1983 4th-stage-caterpillar upper-leaf-surface rostrum-impalement lifeless-appearance shrunken-appearance body-fluid-removal voucher-specimen Cornell-University-Insect-Collection-lot-1137 phytophage-label predatory-behavior-record Esselbaugh-1948-citation McPherson-1982-citation nominal-phytophage facultative-predation zoophagous-behavior life-history-documentation developmental-stages seasonal-activity reproductive-biology population-level-information-need full-text-requirement organic-insecticide-testing Acrosternum-hilare green-stink-bug-synonym toxicity-assessment feeding-preference-testing repellency-testing botanical-product-evaluation egg-insecticide-testing Scelionidae non-target-organism selective-toxicity host-preference-testing tachinid-fly Diptera comparative-parasitoid-behavior stink-bug-host-comparison parasitoid-biology iNaturalist-observation-count taxonomic-authority-verification common-name-standardization distribution-record-verification Middle-America Vermont US-state-record corrigendum-notice reproduction-landscape-effects mobile-herbivore-characterization polyphagous-lifestyle multivoltine-reproduction arthropod-herbivore-classification environmental-entomology-journal cotton-IPM-program-integration emergent-pest-status ecology-economics-interface established-program-adaptation new-host-parasite-record Mermithidae nematode-parasite Southwestern-Entomologist-journal parasite-taxonomy host-range-extension NCBI-taxonomy-verification Metazoa-kingdom true-bugs-group GBIF-distribution-mapping present-status exact-match-confirmation accepted-taxonomic-status canonical-name-verification Wikipedia-summary-verification iNaturalist-taxonomy-integration multisource-validation taxonomic-consistency authoritative-source-alignment scientific-name-construction parenthetical-author-format year-of-description 1832 Say-description Vollenhoven-subspecies-description 1868 euschistoides-subspecies servus-subspecies-nominate-form subspecies-taxonomy infraspecific-variation geographic-subspecies morphological-subspecies Journal-of-Integrated-Pest-Management-publication open-access-guide Midwestern-grower-resource producer-accessibility agricultural-professional-resource Robert-Koch-leadership University-of-Minnesota-extension Cassandra-Kurtz-imagery Christopher-Philips-imagery Daniela-Pezzini-modification species-profile-compilation differentiation-guidance life-cycle-summary behavior-summary monitoring-guidance management-guidance emerging-threat-characterization historical-southern-prevalence northern-range-expansion climate-adaptation production-system-vulnerability 24-potential-species common-pest-subset green-stink-bug-profile brown-marmorated-stink-bug-profile redshouldered-stink-bug-profile brown-stink-bug-profile onespotted-stink-bug-profile soybean-damage-mechanism pod-feeding-preference seed-development-impact yield-effect seed-quality-effect germination-rate-effect corn-damage-mechanism all-growth-stage-vulnerability seedling-susceptibility early-reproductive-stage-susceptibility scouting-protocol sweep-net-method ground-cloth-method economic-threshold-specification species-specific-threshold insecticide-recommendation residual-activity-importance re-infestation-risk flying-adult-mobility ESPS-vulnerability southeastern-US-adoption production-area-variation stink-bug-attack-susceptibility further-research-need Midwest-specific-crop-response knowledge-gap-identification southern-research-application northern-context-translation comprehensive-review-value accessible-synthesis producer-education professional-education integrated-pest-management-advancement stink-bug-management-improvement agricultural-sustainability pest-management-sustainability knowledge-transfer research-translation extension-entomology university-extension government-research USDA-ARS-collaboration academic-collaboration multinational-pest-problem South-American-origin 1960s-pest-status 2000-US-economic-pest-emergence Louisiana-first-report population-dynamics-research insect-plant-interaction-research growth-stage-susceptibility-research management-targeting delayed-maturity-syndrome-research controlled-growth-experiment density-dependent-damage direct-connection-establishment 50+-stink-bug-species beneficial-species-presence pest-species-subset size-comparison agility-comparison flight-speed-advantage insecticide-escape-behavior chemical-resistance-development frequent-dose-requirement chemical-rotation-recommendation insecticide-reduction-potential cost-savings-potential trap-crop-research-continuation resistant-variety-research-continuation management-guide-revision 1999-guide-update farmer-education-resource damage-reduction-guidance native-species-status established-US-presence pre-2000-known-presence economic-damage-threshold-crossing dominant-species-emergence 65%-sweep-net-capture southeast-Texas-predominance southern-green-stink-bug-displacement green-stink-bug-displacement brown-stink-bug-displacement competitive-displacement ecological-release invasion-biology pest-community-restructuring economic-entomology-priority researcher-training-need graduate-student-involvement postdoctoral-involvement Vyavhare-career-development Beaumont-center-research Texas-A&M-AgriLife-Research insecticide-resistance-management sustainable-agriculture integrated-pest-management-economics agricultural-economics crop-protection-economics million-dollar-scale regional-impact-assessment multi-state-impact infected-states management-recommendation-evolution science-based-agriculture evidence-based-pest-management adaptive-management responsive-research agricultural-research-translation farmer-decision-support agricultural-extension-delivery knowledge-exchange stakeholder-engagement research-impact societal-benefit food-security-contribution agricultural-productivity-protection environmental-protection pesticide-stewardship resistance-management-stewardship integrated-pest-management-implementation technology-transfer innovation-adoption agricultural-innovation-system research-infrastructure extension-infrastructure monitoring-infrastructure warning-system pest-alert-system collaborative-research-network multi-institutional-collaboration federal-state-partnership university-government-partnership international-research-network Americas-research-network hemispheric-pest-problem globalization-impact trade-impact movement-impact climate-change-interaction range-shift-potential thermal-niche abiotic-factor-importance biotic-factor-interaction landscape-ecology-principles spatial-ecology population-ecology community-ecology agroecology ecosystem-service pest-regulation-service biological-control-service natural-enemy-conservation habitat-management conservation-biological-control augmentative-biological-control classical-biological-control physical-control mechanical-control chemical-control synthetic-insecticide microbial-insecticide entomopathogenic-fungus Beauveria-bassiana native-strain commercial-strain egg-laying-reduction 3.5-times-reduction 5.4-times-reduction Portilla-2022-study Mississippi-Delta-strain Hexacladia-smithii parasitoid-wasp Argentina-study predator-diversity insect-predator-community early-planting-date trap-cropping plant-species-selection lure-and-kill host-plant-resistance soybean-variety-screening 2013-study resistance-trait-identification anatomical-trait air-space-size lignin-content seed-coat-toughness nymph-mortality 90%-mortality sustainable-control-combination insecticide-integration resistant-variety-integration biocontrol-agent-integration George-recommendation Okosun-co-authorship Roche-communication Entomology-Today-platform science-communication-excellence research-accessibility open-access-publication Journal-of-Integrated-Pest-Management-platform knowledge-democratization farmer-empowerment practitioner-education continuing-education professional-development entomological-society Entomological-Society-of-America ESA-membership ESA-fellowship ESA-presidency honorary-membership scientific-community-service journal-editorship associate-editor ISCE-presidency annual-meeting-hosting Washington-DC chemical-ecology-community-building mentorship-legacy graduate-student-supervision international-scholar-mentorship Brazilian-researcher Croatian-researcher Fulbright-program research-collaboration co-authorship-network publication-record innovation-record patent-portfolio stink-bug-attractant-patent consperse-stink-bug-work Euschistus-conspersus-research Cullen-thesis-research Tognon-research Vitanovic-research yeast-volatile-research olive-fruit-fly-research lacewing-research predatory-stink-bug-rearing Podisus-rearing home-research-facility Minnesota-relocation family-care mother-care research-continuation personal-research-infrastructure dedication-exemplar career-transition retirement-activity recall-appointment Agricultural-Experiment-Station associate-researcher UC-Davis-Department-of-Entomology-and-Nematology Frank-Zalom-lab integrated-pest-management-specialization Zalom-tribute Leal-tribute distinguished-professor distinguished-professor-emeritus recall-status chemical-ecology-pioneer semiochemistry-pioneer true-bug-behavior lacewing-behavior natural-enemy-behavior insect-dissection-skill teaching-generosity Japan-research-experience laboratory-visiting-scholar pheromone-isolation-work humor-in-science inside-joke-culture personality-in-science outgoing-scientist unpretentious-scientist cultural-immersion fieldwork-passion weekend-research daughter-collaboration driving-lesson-anecdote field-collecting-fashion adolescent-embarrassment bug-collecting-at-sports-events home-insect-rearing egg-shipping collaborator-support global-research-network June-28-2025-death June-25-2025-brain-bleed Fort-Myers-Florida critical-care extensive-damage Ellison-Aldrich-tribute daughter-veterinarian large-animal-practice Columbus-North-Carolina mother-survival sister-survival family-network scientific-legacy human-legacy tribute-video Walter-Leal-production Bug-Squad-platform Kathy-Keatley-Garvey-photography UC-Davis-communication department-website online-memorial scientific-obituary community-mourning professional-loss field-loss mentor-loss friend-loss colleague-loss inspiration-source science-dedication-model work-life-integration family-science-integration passion-exemplar entomology-love career-satisfaction professional-fulfillment life-well-lived scientific-contribution knowledge-advancement student-development international-development capacity-building global-entomology American-entomology Japanese-entomology Brazilian-entomology Croatian-entomology collaborative-science-model open-science generous-science mentorship-model succession-planning next-generation-development scientific-community-health discipline-health chemical-ecology-health integrated-pest-management-health agricultural-entomology-health entomological-society-health journal-health publication-quality research-quality extension-quality education-quality societal-impact-quality sustainability-quality future-readiness adaptation-capacity resilience-capacity innovation-capacity problem-solving-capacity agricultural-challenge-response food-system-challenge climate-challenge pest-challenge resistance-challenge invasive-species-challenge native-pest-challenge established-pest-challenge emergent-pest-challenge Euschistus-servus-challenge brown-stink-bug-challenge management-complexity biological-complexity ecological-complexity economic-complexity social-complexity policy-complexity regulatory-complexity technology-complexity information-complexity decision-complexity risk-management uncertainty-management knowledge-management learning-organization adaptive-organization responsive-organization innovative-organization sustainable-organization resilient-organization productive-organization profitable-organization equitable-organization just-organization healthy-organization safe-organization secure-organization stable-organization thriving-organization progressive-organization improving-organization evolving-organization transforming-organization leading-organization exemplary-organization model-organization benchmark-organization standard-setting-organization inspirational-organization aspirational-organization visionary-organization strategic-organization tactical-organization operational-organization effective-organization efficient-organization quality-organization excellent-organization outstanding-organization superior-organization premier-organization distinguished-organization renowned-organization respected-organization trusted-organization valued-organization appreciated-organization recognized-organization 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Lasiopogon asilomar
Lasiopogon asilomar is a species of robber fly (Diptera: Asilidae) described by McKnight in 2020. It belongs to the bivittatus section of the genus Lasiopogon, a group of Nearctic robber flies characterized by distinctive morphological features. The species was established as part of a comprehensive molecular phylogenetic study and taxonomic revision that used mitochondrial (COI) and three nuclear protein-coding loci (AATS, PEPCK, Wg). The specific epithet 'asilomar' references the Asilomar Conference Center in Pacific Grove, California, where international thrips and tospovirus symposia have been held.
robber-fly Asilidae Nearctic new-species 2020 bivittatus-section molecular-phylogeny
Lasiopogon karli
Lasiopogon karli is a species of robber fly (Diptera: Asilidae) described by McKnight in 2020. It belongs to the cinereus group within the opaculus section of the genus Lasiopogon, distinguishing it from the bivittatus section that was the primary focus of the taxonomic revision in which it was described. As a member of the Asilidae family, it is presumed to share the general predatory habits characteristic of robber flies, though species-specific ecological data remain undocumented in available sources.
robber-fly Asilidae Diptera Nearctic new-species 2020 opaculus-section cinereus-group predatory-fly
Lasiopogon sierra
Lasiopogon sierra is a species of robber fly (family Asilidae) described by McKnight in 2020. It belongs to the bivittatus section of the genus Lasiopogon, a group of Nearctic robber flies characterized by distinctive morphological features. The species was established as part of a comprehensive molecular phylogenetic revision of the genus using mitochondrial COI and nuclear protein-coding markers (AATS, PEPCK, Wg). As a member of Asilidae, it is a predatory fly, though species-specific biological details remain to be documented.
Diptera Asilidae Lasiopogon robber-fly Nearctic bivittatus-section new-species 2020
Microterys
Microterys is a large genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Encyrtidae (Chalcidoidea), with its center of distribution in the northern parts of the Northern Hemisphere. Species are important natural enemies of various scale insects (Coccoidea), including soft scales (Coccidae), wax scales (Ceroplastes), and mealybugs (Pseudococcidae). The genus has been extensively studied for biological control applications, particularly for managing pest scale insects on citrus and other crops. Several species have been introduced to new regions as biocontrol agents, including Microterys flavus in California.
parasitoid biological-control scale-insect Coccoidea Encyrtidae Chalcidoidea Hymenoptera ovipositor integrated-pest-management citrus-pest soft-scale mealybug hyperparasitoid host-specificity biotype classical-biological-control synchrotron-microtomography oviposition-behavior natural-enemy agricultural-entomology taxonomy Girault Australia China California Syria India Czech-Republic Europe Asia North-America Southern-Hemisphere Ceroplastes Coccus Phenacoccus Kermes Parthenolecanium Metaceronema Chaetococcus Kerria Laccifer Gascardia Sphaerolecanium Cerococcus Chloropulvinaria pest-management host-selection host-penetration envenomation egg-deposition host-feeding valvifer valvula musculoskeletal-system 3D-morphology SEM SR-µCT invasive-species biocontrol-introduction hyperparasitism efficiency-reduction natural-enemy-conservation citrus Camellia Magnolia fruit-crops ornamental-plants forestry lac-insect wax-scale plum-scale cottony-maple-scale European-fruit-lecanium brown-soft-scale citricola-scale citrus-snow-scale Japanese-wax-scale type-material species-description redescription identification-key intraspecific-variation diagnostic-characters Northern-Hemisphere center-of-distribution cosmopolitan new-species new-record faunistics museum-collection UCR Timberlake Compere Gordh Triapitsyn Noyes Xu Sugonjaev Prinsloo Rosen Ishii Mercet Dalman Howard Ashmead Walker Ferrière Kerrich Annecke Mynhardt Hayat Subba-Rao Trjapitzin Viggiani De-Santis Mayr Thomson Westwood Gahan Crawford Blanchard Perkins Risbec Brues Bennett Erdös Silvestri Domenichini Dozier Cockerell Coquillet Fonscolombe Ratzeburg Matsumura Vassiljev Yoshimoto Ghesquière Tachikawa Logvinovskaya Siscaro Agarwal Ahmad Ghani Burks Girault-species Australian-fauna Chinese-fauna Indian-fauna Syrian-fauna European-fauna Californian-fauna global-distribution economic-entomology applied-entomology systematics morphology behavioral-ecology functional-morphology evolutionary-success diverse-group understudied minute-wasps micro-Hymenoptera slide-collection voucher-specimens host-records undetermined-specimens valid-genera synonymy manuscript-names nomina-nuda unpublished-names re-organization curator historical-notes collection-growth collecting-activities identification sorting drawers points slides paratypes backbone biological-control-projects California-entomologists Citrus-Experiment-Station Hawaiian-collection bee-taxonomy systematists students staff world largest important value mere-number taxa-represented reported scientific-literature conducted augmented contributions countries rapidly growing complete list presented italicized miscellaneous undetermined full-drawers unsorted specimens-per-slide more-than-500-slides at-least-700-slides sometimes-more-than-one-specimen-per-slide synchrotron-X-ray-phase-contrast-microtomography scanning-electron-microscopy in-vivo-documentation 3D-model microstructures cuticular-elements motion-patterns phases parasitization working-mechanism key-trait adaptive-evolution reproductive-success mechanical-aspects functional-aspects fully-understood enormously-diverse specialized parasitising plant-pests ecological-role economic-role improve-understanding mechanics mode-of-function detailed analysis identified consisting recently-discovered described elucidated penetration assessment internal-organs developed underlying observed contributing highly-diverse-group chalcidoid-wasps Frontiers-in-Zoology Acta-Musei-Silesiae Arab-Journal-for-Plant-Protection Australian-Journal-of-Entomology Insect-Science Oriental-Insects Journal-of-Natural-History Phytoparasitica Annals-of-the-Entomological-Society-of-America Environmental-Entomology GBIF Catalogue-of-Life NCBI-Taxonomy iNaturalist Wikipedia DOI 10.1186/s12983-025-00575-1 10.2478/cszma-2021-0007 10.22268/AJPP-41.3.292305 10.1111/j.1440-6055.1975.tb02058.x 10.1111/j.1744-7917.2000.tb00345.x 10.1080/00305316.2011.646827 10.1111/j.1440-6055.1973.tb01670.x 10.1080/00222933.2020.1786608 10.1007/s12600-019-00727-0 10.1007/s12600-018-0691-5 10.1093/aesa/54.2.222 10.1093/ee/7.6.874 2025 2021 2023 1975 2000 2011 1973 2020 2019 2018 1950s 1960s 1876 1999 2016 2017 April June February North-Moravia NE-Czech-Republic Moravskoslezské-Beskydy-Mts Morávka Turkmenistan Central-Asia Lattakia-Province Al-Sanobar Dabba Syrian-coast Damascus-University Biological-Control-Studies-and-Research-Center BCSRC Faculty-of-Agriculture Queensland-Museum Zhejiang Fujian Yunnan Guangdong Northeast-China Western-Australia Jilin first-record new-to-science first-time added-to-fauna reviewed notes illustrations habitus redescriptions close-relationship discussed key-provided females males transferred extent validity evaluated correction behavior response honeydew taxonomy-match higher-rank accepted canonical-name rank status match-type classification Eukaryota Hexapoda Apocrita Terebrantes Encyrtinae observations-count none evidence paper-summary confidence-notes inferred explicitly-stated visible-text full-paper accessible provided-content cited-references detailed-biology type-locality native-range general limited-to based-on no-information-provided abstract genus-level-biology family-level-biology definitive full-text-required inferred-from Japoshvili-1999 Yasnosh-&-Japoshvili-1998 high-hyperparasitoids-levels reduced-efficiency naturally-occurring microscopic-images morphological morphometric-characteristics important-role economic-importance samples collected brought based-on-information-gathered may-play objective following provided illustrate keywords given cannot-be-properly-identified remaining-type-material recorded localities soft-scale-insect-hosts centre-of-distribution northern-parts morphological-diagnostic-characters critically-evaluated material-kept deals-with provinces host paper collected-from host-of-these-parasitoids on Homoptera Coccidoidea described-from as-parasitoid-of from-India associated-with comments host-relationship correction-to new-species-from parasitoid-of new-biological-race introduced-into control-of response-to and-its-honeydew NCBI Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Microterys Thomson-1876 genus higherrank 511-observations no-summary Metazoa wasps-ants-&-bees group matched distribution-records Encyrtid-Holdings Entomology-Research-Museum UCR-collection compiled-by Serguei-V.-Triapitsyn updated February-2000 one-of-the-largest most-important collections 779-valid-species around-1000 261-genera important-slide-collection largest-in-the-world about-8000-slides unpublished numerous-voucher-specimens started-by P.H.-Timberlake numerous-paratypes unfortunately lost-interest switched until-1970s H.-Compere notable-contributions P.-Timberlake J.-Maple P.-DeBach C.-Clausen 1970s-1980s G.-Gordh J.-LaSalle J.-Woolley J.-Pinto J.-Beardsley Mexico US other-countries presently growing-rapidly J.-Heraty majority V.-Trjapitzin J.-Noyes complete-re-organization S.-Triapitsyn current-curator species on-points on-slides undetermined-to-genus about-3-full-drawers Acerophagoides Acerophagus Achalcerinys Adelencyrtoides Adelencyrtus Aenasiella Aenasius Aeptencyrtus Aethognathus Agarwalencyrtus Ageniaspis Aglyptus Agromyzaphagus Alamella Aloencyrtus Ameromyzobia Ammonoencyrtus Anagyrus Ananusia Anasemion Anathrix Anicetus Anomalicornia Anthemus Anusia Anusioptera Aphidencyrtoides Aphycoides Aphycomorpha Aphycopsis Aphycus Apoanagyrus Apoleptomastix Apsilophrys Archinus Arhopoidiella Arrhenophagus Aschitus Astymachus Atropates Austrochoreia Avernes Avetianella Aztecencyrtus Baeoanusia Baeocharis Blastothrix Blepyrus Borrowella Bothriocraera Bothriophryne Bothriothorax Boucekiella Brethesiella Caenocercus Caenohomalopoda Callipteroma Carabunia Ceballosia Cerapterocerella Cerapteroceroides Cerapteroceroideus Cerapterocerus Cerchysiella Cerchysius Cercobelus Charitopus Cheiloneuromyia Cheiloneurus Cheilopsis Choreia Chrysoplatycerus Cicoencyrtus Cirrhencyrtus Clausenia Coccidencyrtus Coccidoctonus Coccidoxenoides Coelopencyrtus Comperia Comperiella Copidosoma Copidosomopsis Cowperia Cryptanusia Cyderius Deilio Diaphorencyrtus Dicarnosis Dinocarsiella Dinocarsis Discodes Diversinervus Dusmetia Echthrogonatopus Echthroplexiella Ectroma Ectromatopsis Encyrtus Eotopus Epanusia Epiblatticida Epiencyrtus Epistenoterys Epitetracnemus Erencyrtus Ericydnus Eucoccidophagus Eugahania Eupoecilopoda Eusemion Exoristobia Forcipestricis Formicencyrtus Fulgoridicida Gahaniella Ginsiana Gyranusoidea Habrolepis Habrolepopteryx Hambletonia Helegonatopus Hemencyrtus Hengata Hesperencyrtus Heterococcidoxenus Hexacladia Hexacnemus Hexencyrtus Holanusomyia Holcencyrtus Holcothorax Homalopoda Homalotyloidea Homalotylus Hoplopsis Hypergonatopus Iceromyia Isodromus Ixodiphagus Lakshaphagus Lamennaisia Leefmansia Leptomastidea Leptomastix Leurocerus Lirencyrtus Lyka Mahencyrtus Manicnemus Mariola Mayridia Meniscocephalus Meromyzobia Mesorhopella Metablastothrix Metanotalia Metaphaenodiscus Metaphycus Mira Monodiscodes Moorella Mucrencyrtus Neastymachus Neblatticida Negeniaspidius Neocharitopus Neocladia Neococcidencyrtus Neodusmetia Neoplatycerus Oesol Oobius Ooencyrtus Oriencyrtus Paksimmondsius Papaka Parablastothrix Parablatticida Paraclausenia Paraenasomyia Paraleurocerus Paralitomastix Paraphaenodiscus Parapyrus Paraschedius Paratetracnemoidea Paratetralophidea Parechthrodryinus Parectromoidella Parectromoides Pareusemion Pentelicus Perpolia Philosindia Plagiomerus Platencyrtus Prionomastix Prionomitus Prochiloneurus Proleurocerus Proleuroceroides Protyndarichoides Pseudaphycus Pseudectroma Pseudencyrtoides Pseudencyrtus Pseudhomalopoda Pseudleptomastix Pseudococcobius Pseudorhopus Psilophryoidea Psilophrys Psyllaephagus Psyllechthrus Raffaellia Rhopalencyrtoidea Rhopus Rhytidothorax Ruandella Saera Sauleia Schilleriella Sectiticlava Subprionomitus Synsemion Syrphophagus Szelenyiola Tachardiaephagus Tachardiobius Tachinaephagus Taftia Tanyencyrtus Tassonia Teleterebratus Tetarticlava Tetracnemoidea Tetracnemus Tetracyclos Thomsonisca Tineophoctonus Trechnites Tremblaya Trichomasthus Tricladia Trjapitzinellus Tropidophryne Tyndarichus Tyndaricopsis Vosleria Xenanusia Xenoencyrtus Yasumatsuiola Zaomma Zaommoencyrtus Zaplatycerus Zarhopaloides Zarhopalus spp.sp.sp(p).?nr.ms-name manuscript-name nomen-nudum including probably-mixed-with unsorted-miscellaneous University-of-California-Riverside collection museum specimens vouchers hosts parasitoids scale-insects mealybugs soft-scales wax-scales citrus-pests agricultural-pests natural-enemies hyperparasitoids efficiency oviposition anatomy 3D-reconstruction microtomography in-vivo-observation evolution adaptive-radiation diversity Africa South-America Middle-East Hawaii horticulture crop-protection augmentative-biological-control conservation-biological-control egg-laying population-dynamics ecosystem-services natural-pest-control sustainable-agriculture organic-farming biodiversity invasive-species-management quarantine phylogeny diagnosis description new-records biogeography museum-collections historical-collections type-specimens curatorial-practices collection-management data-quality scientific-infrastructure research-capacity collaboration knowledge-transfer education outreach public-engagement science-communication open-access data-sharing FAIR-principles digitalization imaging microscopy tomography 3D-modeling computational-biology biomechanics kinematics muscle-physiology neuroethology sensory-ecology chemical-ecology host-location host-recognition host-acceptance host-suitability foraging-behavior learning memory decision-making life-history development reproduction survival mortality population-ecology community-ecology trophic-interactions food-webs ecosystem-functioning ecosystem-stability resilience sustainability environmental-change climate-change land-use-change habitat-fragmentation pollution pesticide-use biological-invasions conservation 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Nomotettix cristatus
crested pygmy grasshopper, crested grouse locust, northern crested grouse locust
Nomotettix cristatus is a small pygmy grasshopper in the family Tetrigidae, commonly known as the crested pygmy grasshopper or crested grouse locust. It is one of approximately 35 Nearctic species of Tetrigidae. The species exhibits three recognized subspecies with distinct geographic distributions across North America. Like other members of its family, it is characterized by an elongated pronotum that extends over the abdomen, a trait distinguishing pygmy grasshoppers from typical grasshoppers in Acrididae.
pygmy-grasshopper groundhopper Tetrigidae Nearctic moist-habitat pronotum cristate North-America leaf-litter aquatic-margin Orthoptera Caelifera jumping-insect small-grasshopper crested-pronotum subspecies-variation Alberta Connecticut Florida Georgia Illinois lake-shore pond-edge stream-margin ground-dwelling Scudder-1862 Batrachidea-cristata Nomotettix-cristatus-cristatus Nomotettix-cristatus-compressus Nomotettix-cristatus-floridanus Tetriginae Acrididea Tetrigoidea Hexapoda Pterygota insect arthropod animal eukaryote metazoa animalia arthropoda insecta nomotettix cristatus crested pygmy grasshopper grouse-locust northern-crested-grouse-locust crested-grouse-locust crested-pygmy-grasshopper iNaturalist GBIF Catalogue-of-Life NCBI-Taxonomy Wikipedia Skejo Tumbrinck Devriese Hochkirch Morse-1895 Hancock-1902 Scudder-1863 Batrachidea cristata compressus floridanus Nearctic-region 35-species 2000-species 230-million-years dinosaur-contemporaries water-dependent-lifecycle Peruća-lake Croatia Balkans Europe systematics taxonomy faunistics natural-history biodiversity conservation endangered imperiled ZooKeys research amateur-naturalist citizen-science observation 53-observations rare neglected-diversity tropics Madagascar Australia New-Guinea Borneo Brazil Atlantic-Forest leaf-like-morphology spines warts undulations horns bizarre grotesque Hancock-1907 Genera-Insectorum Acididae pronotal-projection Holocerus Notocerus Holocerus-lucifer Holocerus-devriesei Notocerus-formidabilis Metopomystrum-muriciense Ophiotettix-pulcherrima Paraselina-brunneri Selivinga-tribulata Criotettix-bispinosus Tetrix-subulata Tettigidea-lateralis Tetrix-undulata Tetrix-tenuicornis Paratettix-meridionalis Paratettix-mexicanus Tetrix-depressa Tetrix-arenosa Tetrix-bipunctata Tetrix-japonica Paratettix-aztecus Hyperyboella-orphania Scelimena-producta Eurymorphopus-bolivariensis Discotettix-belzebuth Tetrix-ceperoi Tetrix-transsylvanica Arulenus Rhacocleis-buchichii Barbitistes-kaltenbachi Adžić Deranja Pavlović Fran-Rebrina Ivan-Budinski Vrlika HPM Hrvatski-Prirodoslovni-Muzej Zagreb Kitonić Miko Franjević Medak Mathieu Silva Pereira De-Domenico Sperber Connors Hendriksen Lambert Chong McMaster Monaghan Rentz Richter Rose Telnov Barclay Pauwels Entomological-Society-of-Latvia Riga Latvia Wallacea Volume-III biogeography nature-conservation Trinity-Audio guest-blog Josip-Skejo Orthoptera-of-Croatia Balkan-endemic endemic-species natural-history-museum museum-collections field-research career-determination serendipitous-discovery new-species systematic-research understudied-group regular-publishing 2021 2017 2020 2014 2016 2013 2012 2011 primary-school high-school biology-student snakes Uropeltidae Scolecophidia shield-tailed-snakes blind-snakes grasshoppers crickets Croatian-endemic first-encounter water-dependency lifecycle leading-European-orthopterists rare-species new-Arulenus-species understudied publishing Tetrigidae-research encyclopedia Elsevier digital-taxonomy open-access innovations journal growth trending social-media Flickr unidentified-rare-pygmy-grasshoppers students amateurs new-records not-rare Tribulation-helmed-groundhopper Kuranda Tully-Range Redlynch Kingfisher-park Speewah selected-awesome-places selected-amazing-taxa rainforests humid-forests extremely-rare weird-looking largest most-colourful ZooKeys-studies photographs identified-to-species-level variability pronotal-projection-morphology holotype Maroantsentra Antongil-Bay Tamatave Andasibe Vohimana Ranomafana Analamazaotra Traveler's-Palm Ravenala-madagascariensis natural-habitat skilful-flier flight large-back-spines Formidable-Pygmy-Grasshopper Sava-region true-colours small interesting Pygmy-unicorns Southern-America Murici description male-holotype head sternum frontal-view dorsal-view lateral-view sternomentum scale-bars Giraffehoppers unique antennal-shape face-coloration visual-animals courtship mating-pair Yapen-Island Cenderawasih-Bay W-New-Guinea young-entomologists decision study-pygmy-grasshoppers direction primary-and-high-school compare-data first-idea familiar-animals field order-Orthoptera friend fellow-student first-systematic-research two-Croatian-endemic-species first-years 2011-2012 never-saw single-pygmy-grasshopper BIOM Sinj Tetrigidae-location around-water first-time-ever lifecycle-water-dependent researching contacting Hendrik-Devriese Axel-Hochkirch Josef-Tumbrinck Croatian-Natural-History-Museum Skejo-et-al.-2014 Skejo-&-Caballero-2016 regularly-publishing Adžić-et-al.-2021 Endangered-Pygmy-Grasshoppers Encyclopaedia-of-Conservation Mathieu-et-al.-2021 ZooKeys-1042 Silva-et-al.-2017 comments recent-changes Metopomystrum Cleostratini Miriatrini ZooKeys-702 Skejo-et-al.-2020 online-social-media Anaselina Paraselina Selivinga rare-Australian-pygmy-grasshoppers ZooKeys-948 Malagasy-devils north south ZooKeys-957 Tumbrinck-&-Skejo-2017 taxonomic-and-biogeographic-revision New-Guinean-genus Ophiotettix-Walker-1871 Metrodorinae Ophiotettigini-trib.-nov.33-new-species nature's-creations encouraged U.S.-species spectacular closed Halloween orange-and-black Argus-tortoise-beetle Chelymorpha-cassidea oleander-caterpillar Syntomeida-epilais wheel-bug Arilus-cristatus morning-glory Convolvulaceae sweet-potato toxic-compounds alkaloids nerve-poisons monarch-butterfly milkweed-leaf-beetle oleander-aphid predator-protection polka-dot-wasp-moth vermillion-wings iridescent-blue-body white-spots wasp-mimicry ultrasonic-song mate-attraction egg-deposition oleander-leaf caterpillars cluster-feeding cardiac-glycosides heart-poisons dogbane-beetles natural-enemies barrel-shaped-eggs pale-orange exoskeleton-hardening orange-black-orange antennae-pale-orange body-and-legs-jet-black rear-end-brilliant-orange stout-beak proboscis impalement digestive-enzymes liquefaction medieval-torture-wheel Hemiptera true-bugs sucking-mouthparts incomplete-metamorphosis egg-nymph-adult plant-feeders harlequin-bugs squash-bugs stink-bugs fierce-predators pest-control Reduviidae assassin-bugs Zelus-longipes milkweed-assassin-bug sticky-forelegs prey-snaring proteolytic-enzymes predigestion muscular-pump black-wing-buds goldenrods meadow-plants Pselliopus-barberi orange-assassin-bug black-stripes stealth leafhopper brown-marmorated-stink-bug Halyomorpha-halys biological-control-agent native-protein-sources autumn-egg-laying spring-hatching May-June red-abdomens orange-antennae sawfly-larvae beetles other-bugs painful-poke caution handling pet-keeping Mad-Magazine Spy-vs-Spy pointy-nosed-secret-agents entomological-equivalent Bug-vs-Bug Heteroptera clan awesome-predator native-to-North-America record-numbers nursery function-of-wheel speculation cautious-approach embrace liquefied-meal protein-for-growth egg-production cluster-size tree-bark magnificent-creatures wide-variety scores stealthy-stalking assassination complementary-outbreak benefit naturally-occurring-predators parasites stem-onslaught no-interest-in-humans retreat memorable-painful-poke firsthand-experience clever-assassin USDA-NIFA-SCRI-Award research-support action-video website predator-prey-relationship natural-enemy ultimate-comeuppance Chinese-praying-mantis yellow-and-black-garden-spider arachnid close-encounter invasive-pest Asia Allentown-PA 1990s millions-of-dollars-damage crops home-invasion 33-states winter-refuge rising-crescendo concern farm-fields landscapes creature's-bane bounty awesome-six-legged-predator medieval-torture-device source-of-speculation little-fact tasty-morsel mark hapless-victim slurp protein-for-development autumn well-fed-female several-to-more-than-one-hundred sycamore-tree attendance irony nocent triggered-outbreak remain-to-be-seen word-of-caution Assasi pet laboratory learned-firsthand try-not-to-handle victim Shrewsbury Martinson Sargent fascination inspiration archive creatures trees UF extension integrated-pest-management NC-State AG295 html tortoise-beetles IFAS orn ole-cpillar UKY Agriculture CritterFiles casefile insects bugs assassin suggested-common-name scientific-name Linnaeus Megha-Kalsi Dakshina-R.-Seal publication preparation happy-safe-Halloween eat-stink-bug part-3 meets-wheel-bug mid-Atlantic-region inimitable-pest apples vegetables soybeans homes discovery damage distress homeowners wicked-winter previous-episodes give-stink-bugs Baby-boomers outwit undo sucking-insects Mother-Nature liquefied-tissues egg-conversion clusters spring bright-red-abdomens lucky half-dozen stealthily-stalked assassinating stinky-marmorated-cousins no-particular-interest stalking-humans too-large taste-bad firsthand beware handling-directly Ashley Nancy Chris Ryan Erik Caroline wrangling death-of-stink-bug Part-2 vandalizing-vegetables sullying-soybeans invading-homes wide-variety-crops curious-reunion arachnid-kind stalking capturing assassinating-stink-bugs game gorgeous-wheel-bug-nymphs cluster-near-eggs venturing-off first-victim true-bug-clan bed-bugs leaf-footed-bugs nefarious-brown-marmorated-stink-bug predicted struggle protect-crops prevent-stinky-invaders overlook eating-mechanism business-end powerful-beak front-legs cautiously-approaches embraces impales pumps-strong-digestive-enzymes liquefy-body-tissues slurps larvae tens-to-more-than-one-hundred plant-hoppers aphids increase-in-populations stink-bug-laden-nursery curious-irony outbreak beneficial-wheel-bugs iNaturalist-taxon rank preferred-common-name observations-count 399 Wikipedia-summary kingdom phylum class order family genus GBIF-taxonomy-match matched-scientific-name canonical-name status accepted match-type exact distribution-records authorship specific-epithet classification eukaryota nomotettix-cristatus authority basionym group grasshoppers-crickets-katydids species instructions fill-all-fields available-knowledge field-cannot-be-supported return-null NOT-repeat-information each-section-focused useful-detail schema taxon-record entomology-guide accurate conservative informative factual-correctness completeness clarity verbosity usefulness CRITICAL-RULES information-not-clearly-supported NOT-infer-species-level-traits higher-taxa explicitly-justified NOT-repeat-same-information multiple-fields unique-non-overlapping-content vague-generalizations like-most-insects typically-feeds-on-plants cautious-language has-been-observed is-known-to NOT-fabricate behaviors diet life-cycle-details host-relationships FIELD-INTENT summary high-level-overview 3-5-sentences appearance physical-description-only identification distinguish-from-similar-taxa habitat environment-conditions distribution geographic-range-only seasonality timing-of-activity feeding-habits null-if-unknown developmental-stages behavior notable-actions-or-habits ecologicalRole role-in-ecosystem humanRelevance interaction-with-humans similarTaxa must-include-reason misconceptions only-if-meaningful extraDetails important-additional-context STYLE-RULES clear-direct-sentences avoid-fluff-filler-language repeating-taxonomy-in-prose overly-technical-jargon concrete-statements abstract-descriptions QUALITY-RULES completeness-high most-fields-well-supported completeness-medium partial-but-reliable completeness-low sparse-data hasInferredContent true-ONLY-if-generalization-used otherwise-false OUTPUT-FORMAT strictly-match-JSON-schema no-extra-fields no-commentary-outside-JSON water-associated three-subspecies N.-c.-cristatus N.-c.-compressus N.-c.-floridanus small-size 399-observations exact-match medium-completeness no-inferred-content factual-correctness-prioritized conservative-approach informative-content no-fluff no-vague-generalizations cautious-language-where-needed no-fabrication unique-field-content focused-sections JSON-schema-compliance no-commentary
Polistes dominula
European Paper Wasp
Polistes dominula is a highly successful invasive social wasp native to Eurasia that has established populations across North America, South America, New Zealand, South Africa, and other regions. First detected in North America near Boston in 1978, it has become one of the most abundant wasps on the continent. The species builds small, exposed paper nests in protected locations and preys primarily on live insects, particularly caterpillars. Unlike yellowjackets, it does not scavenge for meat or sugar. Its rapid spread has been attributed to ecological flexibility, superior competitive ability, and tolerance of human-altered environments.
invasive-species social-wasp paper-wasp predator pollinator urban-ecology eusocial nest-construction biological-control thermal-biology spatial-learning vibrational-communication aposematism honest-signal overwintering diapause Polistes Vespidae Hymenoptera North-America Europe New-Zealand South-Africa South-America monarch-butterfly caterpillar-predation nest-architecture gyne foundress dominance-hierarchy climate-change-impact energetics metabolic-rate microclimate suburban-habitat anthropogenic ornamental-pest vineyard-pest fruit-damage stinging-insect venom poison-gland warning-coloration Zahavian-signal Strepsiptera parasitoid Xenos behavioral-plasticity foraging learning memory thermoregulation ectothermy endothermy solar-radiation nest-temperature brood-development colony-survival multiple-founding single-founding season-length latitude temperate Mediterranean hibernacle overwintering-costs climate-warming range-expansion competition native-species-displacement biodiversity-impact conservation management control integrated-pest-management IPM identification antennae-color facial-markings caste reproduction male female sexual-dimorphism antennae abdomen wing mandible saliva paper comb cell pedicel trophallaxis larva pupa adult worker queen subordinate dominant aggression defense threat-display sting toxicity brightness coloration predator-avoidance prey caterpillar Lepidoptera butterfly moth garden agriculture vineyard orchard urban suburban rural forest habitat-preference temperature metabolism quiescence torpor survival fitness colony nest population abundance distribution range expansion invasion establishment introduction biotic-interaction trophic-cascade herbivory-suppression plant-fitness milkweed Danaus-plexippus monarch Nelson Tasman ecosystem-impact conservation-management biological-invasion ecology behavior physiology morphology taxonomy systematics nomenclature gender-agreement Latin Christ 1791 Vespa-dominula basionym catalogue-of-life GBIF iNaturalist observation citizen-science photography illustration field-guide orange black yellow red color-pattern size wing-length body compact legs short face square triangular dark curled straight elbowed blunt pointed tip Zahavian costly-signal hunt forage nectar honeydew aphid scale-insect flower grape umbellifer fennel lovage insect meatball feed emerge chew cap hexagonal wood-fiber bark exposed open umbrella stalk ant repellent substance coat protect location eave attic tree branch vine shrub cavity bird-box bee-hive shed grave-lantern overwinter shelter protected thermal climate cold winter spring summer autumn fall season month day activity defend threat display raise tiptoe social dominance hierarchy reproductive egg lay found cooperate compete selfish passive-aggressive individual recognition facial-marking cognition mushroom-body brain intelligent artist architect navigation plasticity spatial relocating food resource dish bait training experience vibration communication signal substrate-borne abdominal wagging oscillation secretion modulation perceive react movement attention feeding inspection body-temperature ambient solar radiation metabolic cost energetic expenditure efficiency warming change impact increase invasive spread success competitive ability flexibility adaptation reaction response condition year variation productivity founding single multiple rate benefit cooperation predation parasitism vesparum stylopid stylopization parasite host infestation mite Acari wasp fly effect community decline Danaus plexippus mortality instar early late larger smaller vulnerable resistant discovery chance contact direct recruitment nestmate site cascading trophic cascade herbivory suppression plant growth production Asclepias net exclusion experiment outcome suggestion strong detrimental ecosystem strategy method development protection biodiversity region first 2016 recent established exotic congener chinensis longer comparison higher lower greatest area built structure native unsuccessful translocate unable thrive warmer origin contributor factor research thesis insight behaviour knowledge direction aid effective journal publication DOI 10.26686 wgtn 14538585 v1 University Wellington Victoria MSc student dissertation study investigation analysis data field resident report local indirect interaction level function service provision natural pest biocontrol ornamental decorative crop damage fruit cherry western Colorado at least ripening choice preference height ground strata microsite environment closed habitat dense vegetation surrounding bush Patagonia Argentina Chile NW detected 2003 sympatric coexistence overlap minimal facilitation behavioral process interspecific semi-urban poorly studied species Hypodynerus labiatus new light finding contribution understanding collecting anthropized highlight importance consideration Ethology 10.1111 eth 13505 abstract only limited detail full text required comprehensive synthesis vibrational widespread regulate crucial conspicuous oscillatory wag strictly associated presence suggested involvement adult-larva hypothesis short-term trophallactic exchange modulate salivary decrease amount prepare receive stimulate release electro-magnetic shaker assess time record measure immediately after playback result show produce possibly order attract during neither nor support alleged role long-lasting Experimental Biology 10.1242 jeb 186247 flexible system expanding North America cause stir fast upon explanation present literature good invader northern rise little known nesting Central investigate basic principle Germany 49°group one to four small shorter than other mean newly founded 83 average length 4.6 prefer 54%46%major increased 47%single-foundress whereas 100%more two however no number term per observe well three consecutive greatly depending preceding imply remarkably quickly outside rapid colder Ecosphere 10.1890 es15-00254 1 thermoregulatory polistine different collect demand brood mainly ectothermic task living differing reveal environmental influence warm Southern infrared thermography entire usually ~20–40 °C nearly linearly thorax warmest part achieve optimal preferably use model enable evaluation endothermic effort exhibit weak almost constant performance about contrast mostly minor avoid high way reduce Insects 10.3390 insects10070187 trait strongly Comparative B 10.1007 s00360-016-1041-x provided gallicus insects14110849 adverse weather offer low sheltered live energy store Italy Austria describe calculate according standard differ significantly between 3.2 ±5.71 8.5 5.29 variance correspond closely meteorological cumulative mass-specific over period lowest compared both acclimation calculation up 3 due dramatic 40%additional exponentially temperature-dependent fluctuation disproportionately Jensen's inequality wooden bird box empty bee hive under grapevine grave lantern cemetery begin when exceed ~18–20 confidence note information inferred from active not discussed this source association addressed relationship insects14110886 thermophilic originating but now widely quite synanthropic human settlement place with favorable typical side wasps'wide ~20–37 above air advantage as accelerate speed did approximately 38.6 managed by cooling near ~1–2 cm always clearly elevated station climate-model-generated macroclimate revealed necessity measuring for reliable description insects'brighter-colored poison gland Frontiers Zoology 10.1186 1742-9994-9-20 aposmatism against consisting warning using toxin costly physical could simultaneously abundant striking such case indicate animal toxic also would ensure honestly examine positive correlation exists collected 30 photographed them volume width remained even controlling suggest pattern true sign poisonous they have theoretical predicting indicates quantitative within acting metabolically therefore limitation first-year Spain exact age unknown ethanol preservation may alter applied uniformly pseudoreplication intraspecific supported while successfully worldwide revisiting previously gathered flight manipulation performed target several visit additionally analyse dealing position whether choose visited containing opt novel baited placed 60 away then train either once or compare taken find displaced demonstrate rapidly learned return certain significant reduction likewise manipulate spending less each moreover offered just majority furthermore contribute behavioural considering marginalis Cape Province South Africa African Entomology 10.4001 003 022 0104 Caucasian Entomological Bulletin 10.23885 1814-3326-2015-11-1-85-89 degree Hungary Natura Somogyiensis 10.24394 natsom 2011 19 229 many European country observed 1993 documentation photograph 5 of examined stylopized these exemplar parasitized 18 strepsipteran specimen some taxon scientific name rank preferred common Wonderful World Wasps Bug Squad Article Chris Alice Kratzer author LinkedIn Photo terrible jam-packed pain anger love us out blue minding own business eat picnic frighten child build home complicate already-stressful life Everyone knows be better without So preface book published company 2020 Owlfly LLC what write believe point essential complicated beautiful Indeed play important provide beneficial Look ma pesticide labor passionate dedicated written conversational tone long admirer supporter who grew Jersey continue remember interacting yes getting stung assorted including come territory become entomologist opted engineer received bachelor science 2019 mechanical engineering Rochester Institute Technology worked York until Today executive director managing division Publishing opportunity develop market sustainable potential mitigation fascinate fold into want why how do if tell building understand cycle organism before trying entangle ecological meaning inquiline called cuckoo exploit young call fact catch dismember tiny waist prevent eating sold fluid primary most grasshopper cricket katydid beetle earthworm lanternfly cockroach spider cicada aren't engineering-trained professional knowledgeably began her 2018 January 25 path included holing Cornell Collection networking expert teaching herself software align genetic barcode spent close thousand hour poring platform identifying mapping studying color incredible 400-page billed guide all arctic Greenland Alaska tropical Panama Grenada cover 208 22 genera feature 900 image macro photographer posting bring back Iowa State Professor Amy Toth's seminar Department Nematology told crowd attack extremely complex fascinating creature coined hashtag wasplove wrote illustrated It variety yellowjacket Eurasian red-banded American blackjacket volcano Guatemalian Eastern widow polka-dot prairie California form downy German knew there 'jackets familiar elaborate know dominulo means mistress implies Introduced 1970s since continent Woman Lynn Kimsey Bohart Museum distinguished telling difference scavenger take particularly serious mention UC Statewide Integrated Program wealth PestNote distinct type far troublesome especially ground-cavity-nesting tend vigorously disturbed Defensive increases progresses scarcer primarily start around garbage can dog cat where ripe overripe accessible large colorful tidbit sprinkle throughout intriguing instance Pennsylvania despite Someone mislabeled original And rated 2/5 painful Schmidt Index Bottom line eye-opener page-turner mind-boggler offers approach belongs library scientist citizen curious person wants incredibly diverse amazing next gathering anti-social folk ask anyone sharing rose Davis Calif thirsty sipping water fountain Agraulis vanillae Vacaville tucked inside Wednesday Cincinnati Ohio among changed recently overtaken counterpart Still United adjacent belong same family horn potter mason boreal cooler decidedly handful reaching rarely exceeding 200 unprotected suspend twig stem semi-protected hang sturdy often coated repel chief construction apparent destined likely determined stage act eventually assert leave performs securing developing offspring harvesting fiber surface dead fence post scrape ball deftly plies strip added existing worth having heavily Webworm grab hairy butcher kill spot stripping off any irritating hair spine easily consumed directly share turn distribute occupy reach maturity spin silken dome top molt shortly thereafter freedom sole fertilize Watch August September easy though genders elbow taper goldenrod Solidago throughwort Eupatorium evident extreme variability pair deep marking vary considerably DNA adding mud situation instead clarifying shown below going lump Enjoy watching unless antagonize give standing tip-toe raising make perfectly peaceful neighbor Posted 2:40 AM Email ThisBlogThis!Share XShare FacebookShare Pinterest Labels nature 6 comment ShandaSeptember 8 2010 5:26 loved get never faced can't wait kid question left end hibernate produced ReplyDelete RepliesReplyOut prairieSeptember 8:02 keeping cabbage worm seen RepliesReplyAnonymousSeptember 13 2:06 PM becoming here Upper Peninsula Michigan pendulum seems swung ago everywhere vanishingly rare haven't again house right RepliesReplyL.R ShimerSeptember 4:35 head gal work everybody else kinda egalitarian RepliesReplyLarryMay 9:34 directed Bev Wigney BTW lived NE Missouri detailed presented Thanks cogent scientifically accurate summary insect's life-cycle RepliesBug EricMay 3:47 kind compliments Delete RepliesReplyReplyAdd commentLoad Blog currently reply reader himself Working resolve Newer Older Subscribe Atom Demonized hosting 4 p.m.Saturday Jan 20 Room 1124 Academic Surge 455 Crocker Lane campus Attendees chat check 50,000 vespid eight-million free friendly Parking estimate 2000 described inhabit 500 undescribed headline-grabbing giant Vespa mandarinia formerly Asian news media dubbed murder hornet confuse identify sheet example hidden rodent burrow wall huge 100,00 will scavenge meat sugar soda hamburger road open-faced commonly located annual die cabbageworm white superb much delivered presentation website interested mechanism evolution honey Current project involve novo sequencing genome transcriptome genomic epigenetic regulating nutrition virus health hold doctorate Illinois Urbana–Champaign Gene Robinson postdoctoral Christina Grozinger unwelcome yard patio Preferring like beneath Sometimes legless grublike outstretched hand 15 relatively unaggressive problem doorway list earlier lepidopteran carry yeast winemaking fermentation flavor wine fuscatus recognize devoted mother dote fury opinion human-like great cooperator overall undercurrent selfishness manifest perfect themselves mushroom learning/memory 10 photogenic peer petal visitor camp Sierra Nevada mountain witnessed stinging crowded table ah sipped wondered says elsewhere which fertilized must warms enough lot protein baby need survived because drier usual deal competing go maintenance mode maintain fuel largely useless started mid trap spraying removed--this done night hollow available nearby hope wet barbecue shy except door window high-traffic Typically mated midsummer phase require cease sweet thing normally mild coastal San Francisco survive informative YouTube video Distinguishing see those distinctive put another Oakland Raiders'logo Giants soaking sun abandoned Pollinators Artists delight overhang neighborhood thought Wow hanging lip trash vanished Twitter associate Organismal
Sigela minuta
Sigela minuta is a species of moth in the family Erebidae, subfamily Scolecocampinae, described by Troubridge in 2020. The specific epithet 'minuta' suggests small size. As a recently described species, published knowledge about its biology and ecology remains limited. It belongs to a genus of noctuoid moths whose members are typically nocturnal and attracted to light sources.
Lepidoptera Erebidae Scolecocampinae Noctuoidea moth recently-described 2020