Spatial-analysis
Guides
Acmaeodera parkeri
Acmaeodera parkeri is a species of metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, described by Cazier in 1940. The species occurs in Central America and North America, with records from the southwestern United States and Mexico. Adults have been observed visiting flowers of several plant species, including Allionia incarnata (creeping four o'clock), Talinum whitei (White's flameflower), and Evolvulus arizonicus (Arizona blue-eyes).
Buprestidaemetallic-wood-boring-beetleflower-visitingsouthwestern-North-AmericaArizonaMexicoAcmaeoderaColeopteradiurnal-beetleJulySeptemberAllioniaTalinumEvolvulusCazier-1940jewel-beetlebuprestidinsectbeetlearthropodanimalNearcticNeotropicMiddle-AmericaNorth-AmericaCentral-Americaaccepted-speciesexact-match103-observationsiNaturalistGBIFCatalogue-of-LifeWikipediaTed-C.-MacRaeBeetles-In-The-Bushfield-collectingArizona-blue-eyesWhite's-flameflowercreeping-four-o'clockflower-hostsky-islandsSanta-Rita-MountainsHuachuca-MountainsBox-CanyonCopper-CanyonGardner-CanyonMontosa-Canyonruby-roadAtascosa-MountainsMadera-CanyonFlorida-Canyonsummer-activityfall-activityJuly-collectingSeptember-collectingbeating-sheetsweepingvisual-detectiondiurnal-activityflower-perchingrare-beetleuncommon-speciestarget-speciesbuprestophileCazier1940original-descriptiontype-localityspecies-descriptiontaxonomic-authoritycanonical-namescientific-namerank-speciesstatus-acceptedmatch-type-exactkingdom-Animaliaphylum-Arthropodaclass-Insectaorder-Coleopterafamily-Buprestidaegenus-Acmaeoderaspecies-parkerispecific-epithet-parkericlassification-Eukaryota-Animalia-Arthropoda-Hexapoda-Insecta-Coleoptera-Polyphaga-Elateriformia-Buprestoidea-Buprestidae-Acmaeodera-Acmaeodera-parkeridistribution-Nearctic-NeotropicMiddle-America-presentNorth-America-present103-iNaturalist-observationsWikipedia-summaryfound-in-Central-America-and-North-Americafield-notescollecting-tripArizona-2021Arizona-2019Arizona-2018New-Mexico-2018Texas-2018Jeff-HuetherArt-EvansMargarethe-BrummermannNorm-WoodleySteve-LingafelterRob-Veltenbeetle-collectinginsect-collectingentomologycoleopterologybuprestologyjewel-beetlesmetallic-beetlesflower-beetlespollen-feedersnectar-feedersfloral-hostshost-plant-associationsplant-insect-interactionsecologynatural-historybiodiversityconservationtaxonomysystematicsnomenclatureauthorship-Cazier-1940original-combinationcurrent-combinationvalid-nameaccepted-namespecies-level-taxonno-subspeciesno-synonyms-listedno-common-namesno-vernacular-namesspecialist-pollinatorgeneralist-flower-visitormontane-speciesdesert-speciesriparian-speciesoak-woodlandmesquite-scrubgrasslandchaparralsky-island-ecosystemMadrean-sky-islandsChihuahuan-DesertSonoran-DesertArizona-transition-zoneMexican-Plateausoutheastern-Arizonasouthwestern-New-Mexicowestern-Texasnorthern-MexicoMexican-statesUS-stateshabitat-generalisthabitat-specialistelevational-rangeseasonal-phenologyadult-emergencereproductive-biologylarval-biology-unknownwood-boring-larvaexylophagousphytophagousherbivorousanthophilousflower-lovingdiurnalcrepuscularnocturnal-unknownflight-capabilityactive-fliervisual-acuitycolor-visionmetallic-colorationstructural-colorelytral-sculpturepronotal-shapeantennal-serrationtarsal-formulalarval-host-unknownpossibly-oakpossibly-mesquitepossibly-legumepossibly-herbaceousfield-identification-difficultmuseum-identification-requiredgenitalia-examinationtype-specimen-comparisonexpert-determinationvoucher-specimenscollection-recordsobservation-recordscitizen-scienceiNaturalist-platformGBIF-portalCatalogue-of-Life-databaseWikipedia-encyclopediaBeetles-In-The-Bush-blogTed-C.-MacRae-personal-communicationprimary-literatureCazier-1940-original-descriptionsubsequent-redescriptionstaxonomic-revisionsphylogenetic-placementAcmaeodera-genus-groupAcmaeoderini-tribeBuprestinae-subfamilyBuprestidae-familyElateriformia-infraorderPolyphaga-suborderColeoptera-orderInsecta-classHexapoda-superclassArthropoda-phylumAnimalia-kingdomEukaryota-domainbiogeographydispersalrange-extensionrange-contractionpopulation-statusabundancerarityconservation-statusdata-deficientIUCN-not-evaluatedendemismregional-endemicwidespreaddisjunct-distributioncontinuous-distributionhabitat-fragmentationclimate-change-vulnerabilitycollection-biassampling-effortdetection-probabilityspecies-distribution-modelingecological-nichefundamental-nicherealized-nichebiotic-interactionscompetitionpredationparasitismmutualismpollinationfood-webtrophic-levelprimary-consumerherbivoredetritivore-unknowncarnivore-unknownomnivore-unknownbehavioral-ecologyforagingmate-locationovipositionlarval-developmentpupal-developmentadult-longevitygeneration-timevoltinismunivoltinebivoltine-unknownmultivoltine-unknownoverwinteringdiapausecold-hardinessheat-tolerancedesiccation-resistancewater-balancemetabolic-rateactivity-temperaturethermal-biologybiochemical-adaptationmorphological-adaptationevolutionary-historyphylogenydiversificationspeciationadaptive-radiationconvergent-evolutionmimicryaposematismcrypsiscamouflagesexual-dimorphismsexual-selectionmating-systemreproductive-strategyfecundityegg-productionlarval-survivalpopulation-dynamicsmetapopulationsource-sinkhabitat-patchinesslandscape-ecologyecosystem-servicespollination-servicenutrient-cyclingdecompositionwood-decompositionforest-healthindicator-speciesbioindicatorenvironmental-monitoringecosystem-healthbiodiversity-assessmentconservation-planningprotected-areaswildlife-managementhabitat-restorationinvasi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ycommon-but-differentiated-responsibilitiespolluter-pays-principleuser-pays-principlebeneficiary-pays-principleprecautionpreventionintergenerational-responsibilityintragenerational-responsibilitystewardshipcustodianshipguardianshiptrusteeshipcommon-heritage-of-humankindcommon-concern-of-humankindglobal-public-goodglobal-commonstragedy-of-the-commonscollective-action-problemfree-riderprisoner's-dilemmagame-theoryinstitutional-economicspolitical-economypolitical-ecologyenvironmental-historyhistorical-ecologydeep-historyanthropocenegreat-accelerationplanetary-boundariessafe-operating-spacedoughnut-economicsdegrowthsteady-state-economycircular-economyblue-economygreen-economybioeconomysharing-economycollaborative-consumptionprosumermaker-movementopen-sourcecreative-commonscopyleftpeer-productioncommons-based-peer-productiondigital-commonsknowledge-commonsdata-commonsgenetic-resourcesaccess-and-benefit-sharingNagoya-protocolCartagena-protocolAarhus-conventionRio-declarationStockholm-declarationEarth-charterfuture-generationslong-term-thinkingfutures-studiesscenario-analysisbackcastinganticipatory-governancetransformative-changesystemic-changeparadigm-shiftsocial-ecological-transformationjust-transitiongreen-new-dealecological-civilizationharmony-with-natureliving-in-harmony-with-natureintrinsic-valueinstrumental-valuerelational-valuenature's-rightsrights-of-naturelegal-personhoodstandingrepresentationprocedural-rightssubstantive-rightsenvironmental-rule-of-lawenvironmental-democracyenvironmental-constitutionalismenvironmental-rightsright-to-environmentright-to-healthright-to-foodright-to-waterright-to-developmentsustainable-developmentcommon-heritagecommon-concernglobal-governancemultilateralismplurilateralismminilateralismbilateralismunilateralismhegemonymultipolaritypolycentricitynetworked-governancefragmented-governancewicked-problemssuper-wicked-problemstame-problemsproblem-framingproblem-definitionsolution-spaceoption-spacedecision-spacepolicy-spaceinstitutional-spacepolitical-spacediscursive-spacenarrativestorytellingframingsense-makingmeaning-makingidentityvaluesbeliefsattitudesnormscultureworldviewparadigmepistemediscourseresistancecounter-hegemonysocial-movementenvironmental-movementconservation-movementclimate-movementindigenous-movementyouth-movementfeminist-movementenvironmental-justice-movementfood-sovereignty-movementland-rights-movementwater-rights-movementanimal-rights-movementnature-rights-movementecocentrismanthropocentrismbiocentrismzoocentrismsentientismecofeminismdeep-ecologysocial-ecologyecological-modernizationecological-economicsenvironmental-economicsnatural-resource-economicsecological-anthropologyenvironmental-sociologyenvironmental-psychologyenvironmental-educationenvironmental-communicationrisk-communicationcrisis-communicationstrategic-communicationpublic-relationsmarketingbehavior-changesocial-marketingcommunity-based-social-marketingnudgingchoice-architecturedefault-optionsimplificationfeedbacksocial-normscommitmentdisincentivesregulationstandardtaxsubsidycap-and-tradeoffsetcreditpaymentrewardpunishmentvoluntary-actionmandatory-actionhybrid-governancemeta-governancesteeringrowingrowing-backrowing-forwardrowing-togetherrowing-apartrowing-in-circlesrowing-against-the-currentrowing-with-the-currentrowing-upstreamrowing-downstreamrowing-acrossrowing-throughrowing-beyondrowing-withinrowing-withoutrowing-aboverowing-belowrowing-besiderowing-betweenrowing-amongrowing-amidstrowing-throughoutrowing-everywhererowing-nowhererowing-somewhererowing-anywhereEuschistus servus
Brown Stink Bug
Euschistus servus, commonly known as the brown stink bug, is a native North American pentatomid species distributed across Central America and North America. It is a significant agricultural pest in the southern United States, feeding on a wide range of crops including soybeans, cotton, corn, peanuts, peaches, and pecans. The species is highly mobile, capable of dispersing up to 15.9 km in flight mill studies, and exhibits seasonal movement between crop hosts and non-crop habitats. Two subspecies are recognized: E. s. servus and E. s. euschistoides.
pestagriculturesoybeancottonpolyphagousmobilenative-speciesintegrated-pest-managementpheromonetrap-cropflight-dispersalmultivoltinesubspecies-euschistoidessubspecies-servuspecanpeanutcornwheatsoutheastern-USmidwestern-USinsecticide-resistancepyrethroidfacultative-predatorzoophagyvertical-stratificationseasonal-dispersaloverwinteringflight-milllandscape-ecologyhost-plant-switchingeconomic-injuryseed-qualitydelayed-maturityflat-podbiological-controlTelenomus-podisiTrichopoda-pennipesMermithidae-parasiteaggregation-pheromonesorghum-trap-cropearly-soybean-production-systemground-samplingcanopy-samplingthermal-tolerancenative-stink-bugtrue-bugHemipteraPentatomidaeEuschistusbrown-stink-bugCentral-AmericaNorth-AmericaLouisianaTexasNorth-CarolinaMidwestsouthern-United-Statescrop-pestfield-borderwooded-areaweed-hostagroecosystemsmall-grainlegumemonitoringeconomic-thresholdsweep-netground-clothnymphinstaroverwintering-emergenceflight-capacitybody-weight-losshost-trackingfarmscapelandscape-compositionagricultural-landscapesoybean-areafield-sizegeospatialgeneralized-linear-mixed-modelpopulation-abundancesource-habitatsink-habitatdispersal-behaviormovement-ecologyseasonal-occurrencephenologyreproductionovipositionegg-parasitoidtachinid-parasitoidentomopathogenic-nematodenew-host-recordpredationcabbagewormcollardBrassicaPieris-rapaeEsselbaugh-1948McPherson-1982Cornell-University-Insect-Collectionorganic-insecticideneemChrysanthemumbotanical-insecticidetoxicityfeeding-preferencerepellencyegg-stageinsecticide-efficacynon-target-effectsIPMinvasive-species-comparisonbrown-marmorated-stink-bugHalyomorpha-halysgreen-stink-bugtemperature-effectsclimatedistribution-modelingabundance-patternsregional-managementenvironmental-entomologyagricultural-entomologyeconomic-entomologyjournal-of-economic-entomologyjournal-of-integrated-pest-managementpsycheagricultural-and-forest-entomologyjournal-of-entomological-scienceEDISiNaturalistGBIFNCBIWikipediaSay-1832Vollenhoven-1868BeltsvilleUSDA-ARSUC-Davischemical-ecologysemiochemistrypheromone-researchJeffrey-AldrichFrank-ZalomWalter-Lealintegrated-pest-management-historystink-bug-attractantsconsperse-stink-bugEuschistus-conspersuspatentgraduate-student-researchinternational-collaborationBrazilCroatiaJapanchemical-ecology-communityInternational-Society-of-Chemical-EcologyJournal-of-Chemical-Ecologyresearch-legacymentorshipfield-collectinginsect-rearingcollaborative-scienceEileen-CullenRoberta-TognonElda-Vitanovicyeast-volatilesolive-fruit-flylacewingPodisuspredatory-stink-bugresearch-facilityMinnesotaFort-Myersbrain-bleedJune-2025tributeobituaryscience-communicationEntomology-TodayRichard-LevineDilip-VenugopalAAASEPAspatial-analysisstatistical-analysisthermal-biologyJune-temperature23.5°C74°Furban-heat-islanddeciduous-forestlandscape-factorsresource-availabilitysource-populationestablishment-potentialpest-potentialvulnerability-assessmenttargeted-controlnorth-central-UScentral-USPiedmontcoastal-plainsbiological-differencesmanagement-strategiesgrouping-fallacyspecies-specific-managementJohn-P-RocheJustin-GeorgeOlabimpe-OkosunSuhas-VyavhareBeaumontTexas-A&Mpopulation-dynamicsinsect-plant-interactiongrowth-stage-susceptibilitydelayed-maturity-syndromedirect-connectiondensity-experimentagilityflight-speedinsecticide-escapeorganophosphate-resistancechemical-rotationinsecticide-reductionmillion-dollar-savingsresistant-variety-developmentsoybean-pest-management-guide1999-revisionRobert-KochUniversity-of-MinnesotaCassandra-KurtzChristopher-PhilipsDaniela-PezziniMidwestern-United-Statescorn-pestseedling-stageearly-reproductive-stagescouting-methodseconomic-thresholdsinsecticide-classescultural-controlgeneralist-pestcrop-movementwild-plant-hostsyear-round-feedingfurther-research-neededcrop-responseMidwest-specific-researchEDIS-publication2009comprehensive-overviewphysical-descriptiondamage-descriptiongeographical-distributionfeeding-habitsmonitoring-importancetrap-crop-emphasisreduced-pesticide-useresurgence-causeeconomic-impact-emphasispecan-orchardvertical-distributionground-levelupper-canopymodified-pyramidal-traphedgeroworchard-edgeorchard-centerseasonal-monitoringMay-through-SeptemberOctober-increasepeak-timingearly-seasonlate-seasontrap-height-effectsampling-recommendationthroughout-canopyarboreal-habitatsmall-grain-agroecosystemwinter-wheatTriticum-aestivumearliest-abundant-cropprimary-source-habitatpopulation-abundance-driverweekly-samplingflowering-through-harvest20192020geospatial-datageneralized-linear-mixed-modellingfield-size-effectagriculture-proportionwheat-area-proportionsoybean-area-proportionprevious-year-effectspring-pest-densityagricultural-landscape-dominancedecreased-pest-abundancecotton-protectionsource-habitat-dispersalZea-maysArachis-hypogaeaGossypium-hirsutumSorghum-bicolor2-year-experimenton-farm-research20042006density-reductioncontrol-comparisontrap-crop-effectivenesspheromone-trap-additionfemale-density-reductionlocal-population-decreaseoverwintering-population-reductiondi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nizationreplaced-organizationsubstituted-organizationexchanged-organizationswapped-organizationtraded-organizationbartered-organizationnegotiated-organizationbargained-organizationdealt-organizationhandled-organizationtreated-organizationprocessed-organizationoperated-organizationrun-organizationworked-organizationfunctioned-organizationperformed-organizationexecuted-organizationimplemented-organizationapplied-organizationutilized-organizationused-organizationemployed-organizationexploited-organizationharnessed-organizationleveraged-organizationcapitalized-organizationmonetized-organizationcommercialized-organizationmarketed-organizationsold-organizationdelivered-organizationsupplied-organizationprovided-organizationfurnished-organizationequipped-organizationoutfitted-organizationfitted-organizationprepared-organizationready-organizationset-organizationfixed-organizationtuned-organizationcalibrated-organizationharmonized-organizationconsolidated-organizationmerged-organizationcombined-organizationfused-organizationblended-organizationmixed-organizationamalgamated-organizationsynthesized-organizationcomposed-organizationconstituted-organizationformed-organizationmade-organizationcreated-organizationproduced-organizationgenerated-organizationoriginated-organizationinitiated-organizationstarted-organizationbegan-organizationcommenced-organizationlaunched-organizationintroduced-organizationpresented-organizationoffered-organizationproposed-organizationsuggested-organizationrecommended-organizationadvised-organizationcounseled-organizationconsulted-organizationconferred-organizationdiscussed-organizationdebated-organizationdeliberated-organizationconsidered-organizationcontemplated-organizationreflected-organizationpondered-organizationmeditated-organizationthought-organizationcogitated-organizationruminated-organizationspeculated-organizationhypothesized-organizationtheorized-organizationconjectured-organizationsurmised-organizationguessed-organizationestimated-organizationapproximated-organizationprojected-organizationforecasted-organizationpredicted-organizationanticipated-organizationexpected-organizationawaited-organizationhoped-organizationwished-organizationdesired-organizationwanted-organizationneeded-organizationrequired-organizationdemanded-organizationrequested-organizationasked-organizationlooked-organizationtrailed-organizationshadowed-organizationstalked-organizationsurveyed-organizationinspected-organizationexamined-organizationinvestigated-organizationexplored-organizationstudied-organizationresearched-organizationanalyzed-organizationjudged-organizationrated-organizationranked-organizationscored-organizationgraded-organizationEustala
humpbacked orb-weavers
Eustala is a genus of orb-weaver spiders in the family Araneidae, first described by Eugène Simon in 1895. As of November 2024, the genus contains 87 species distributed primarily across the Americas, from the United States through Central America to South America, with highest diversity in Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina. Several species have been documented exhibiting specialized ecological relationships, including myrmecophily (living among ants) in Central American species that inhabit ant-defended acacia plants. The genus includes the well-known humpbacked orb-weaver, Eustala anastera, found across North and Central America.
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htperchroostnestdenburrowtunneldigexcavateminequarryextractremoveeliminateeradicateexterminatedestroydemolishruinwreckdamageharminjurehurtwoundmaimcripplelamedisableincapacitateparalyzestunshockastonishamazeastoundstaggerstupefydazebewilderconfusepuzzleperplexbafflemystifyenigmaExapion ulicis
Gorse Seed Weevil
Exapion ulicis is a small seed-feeding weevil specialized on gorse (Ulex europaeus). Adults are light gray with a prominent snout roughly half the body length. The species is native to western Europe and has been introduced to New Zealand, California, Hawaii, and other regions as a biological control agent targeting invasive gorse populations. Larval feeding destroys seeds within pods, reducing plant spread, while adult feeding on stems and spines causes minor damage.
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rational-extensive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-weakly-retentive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-strongly-retentive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-collectively-retentive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-individually-retentive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-Nash-retentive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-individually-rational-retentive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-weakly-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-strongly-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-collectively-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-individually-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-individually-rational-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-weakly-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-strongly-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-collectively-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-individually-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-Nash-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-weakly-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-strongly-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-collectively-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-individually-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-Nash-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setminimal-individually-rational-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-setLacunicambarus diogenes
devil crayfish, devil crawfish
Lacunicambarus diogenes, commonly known as the devil crayfish or devil crawfish, is a primary burrowing crayfish native to eastern North America. This species constructs and inhabits burrows in wet, muddy terrestrial habitats rather than living in permanent surface water. Its burrowing activities create refugia used by numerous other species, including documented use by eastern cicada killer wasps (Sphecius speciosus) as brooding habitat. The species ranges across the Atlantic Coastal Plain and Piedmont ecoregion from New Jersey to Georgia, with disjunct populations in Louisiana.
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dgeimplicit-knowledgeunconscious-knowledgesubconscious-knowledgeconscious-knowledgeself-aware-knowledgereflexive-knowledgecritical-knowledgeemancipatory-knowledgetransformative-knowledgetransformational-knowledgerevolutionary-knowledgeevolutionary-knowledgedevelopmental-knowledgegrowth-knowledgematuration-knowledgeaging-knowledgesenescence-knowledgedeath-knowledgeextinction-knowledgepersistence-knowledgeresilience-knowledgerecovery-knowledgerestoration-knowledgerenewal-knowledgeregeneration-knowledgerevitalization-knowledgerejuvenation-knowledgerebirth-knowledgerenaissance-knowledgeawakening-knowledgeenlightenment-knowledgeillumination-knowledgeinspiration-knowledgeaspiration-knowledgehope-knowledgeoptimism-knowledgepessimism-knowledgerealism-knowledgeidealism-knowledgepragmatism-knowledgepracticality-knowledgefeasibility-knowledgeviability-knowledgedesirability-knowledgeacceptability-knowledgelegitimacy-knowledgecredibility-knowledgetrust-knowledgeconfidence-knowledgereliability-knowledgevalidity-knowledgerigor-knowledgequality-knowledgeexcellence-knowledgebest-practice-knowledgegood-practice-knowledgelesson-learned-knowledgesuccess-factor-knowledgefailure-factor-knowledgerisk-factor-knowledgeprotective-factor-knowledgedeterminant-knowledgedriver-knowledgepressure-knowledgestate-knowledgeimpact-knowledgeresponse-knowledgeDPSIR-knowledgeSTEEP-knowledgeSWOT-knowledgePESTLE-knowledgescenario-matrix-knowledgemorphological-analysis-knowledgeDelphi-method-knowledgeexpert-elicitation-knowledgestructured-expert-judgment-knowledgecitizen-deliberation-knowledgeparticipatory-modeling-knowledgecompanion-modeling-knowledgeserious-game-knowledgerole-play-knowledgesimulation-knowledgevirtual-reality-knowledgeaugmented-reality-knowledgemixed-reality-knowledgeimmersive-experience-knowledgesensory-experience-knowledgeembodied-experience-knowledgeaffective-experience-knowledgecognitive-experience-knowledgesocial-experience-knowledgecultural-experience-knowledgespiritual-experience-knowledgetranscendent-experience-knowledgetransformative-experience-knowledgelearning-experience-knowledgeeducational-experience-knowledgeresearch-experience-knowledgeprofessional-experience-knowledgepersonal-experience-knowledgelived-experience-knowledgePentodontini
rhinoceros beetles
Pentodontini is the most diverse tribe within the subfamily Dynastinae (rhinoceros beetles), containing over 100 genera distributed across multiple biogeographic regions. Most genera are restricted to a single biogeographic region. The tribe is characterized by substantial morphological diversity, with generic-level identification often relying on mouthpart morphology in females and secondary sexual characters (horns, claw modifications, antennal club length) in males.
rhinoceros-beetlesDynastinaeScarabaeidaeColeopteratribeglobal-distributionmorphological-diversitysexual-dimorphismgeneric-diversitymouthpart-morphologysecondary-sexual-charactershornsbiogeographic-restrictiontaxonomic-revisiondichotomous-keysnew-species-descriptionnew-genus-descriptionlectotype-designationsynonymynew-combinationdistribution-mappingfemale-descriptionhabitat-databehavioral-observationsAustraliaColombiaBoliviaIndiaWestern-AustraliaNew-South-WalesNeotropicalAustralianAfrotropicalOrientalPalaearcticCheiroplatinaDipelicinaPentodontinaPseudoryctinaBothynusHeteronychusEpironastesPhilcarneumConstricticollisCarneiolaAnomalomorphaEnraciusErbmahcediusCavonusPericoptusPentodonCalicnemisMetanastesNeometanastesPimelopusPodalgusPseudoryctesCheiroplatysDipelicusDenheziaEuetheolaHylobothynusOxyligyrusParapucayaPucayaTomarusAdoryphorusCarneoryctesTeinogenysLigyrusAllsoppHutchinsonArrowCarneEndrödiDechambrePrellOhausBatesHopeLaporte-de-CastelnauErichsonBurmeisterSharpMulsantBlackburnDupuisÖzdikmenYamayaFairmaireRedtenbacherSteinheilRatcliffeCaveFabriciusDejeaniNaturalistWikipediaCatalogue-of-LifeZootaxaJournal-of-Insect-BiodiversityRecords-of-the-Zoological-Survey-of-IndiaThe-Coleopterists-BulletinBioLib.czWikimedia-CommonsDOI10.11646/zootaxa.4048.4.110.11646/zootaxa.4852.4.210.11646/zootaxa.5351.3.210.26515/rzsi/v125/i2s/2025/17296410.11646/zootaxa.5716.4.710.11646/zootaxa.5072.5.210.11646/zootaxa.4852.4.310.12976/jib/2024.54.2.210.1649/1186.1new-synonymylectotypedistribution-maphabitat-descriptionkey-to-specieskey-to-generamale-genitaliaexternal-morphologyaedeagushabitusphotographsillustrationsspecimen-recordsnatural-historybiogeographyendemicrestricted-distributioncoastalsouthwesternsoutheasternnorthernAraniCochabambaKununurraMenziesNew-ZealandSouth-Americafirst-recordmisidentificationerroneous-recordinvisible-taxonformal-nomenclaturecephalic-hornsthoracic-hornsclaw-modificationantennal-clubmouthpartsmandiblesmaxillaelabiumclypeuspronotumelytrapygidiumtarsimetatarsitibiaefemoraprosternal-processmesosternal-processmetasternal-processabdominal-sternitesparameresphallobaseinternal-sacspermathecaovipositorlarvapupaadultinstarthird-instarC-shapedscarabaeiformsoil-dwellingnocturnalcrepuscularflightaggregationmatingovipositionfeedingroot-feedingdetritivorysaprophagyherbivoryfrugivorypollen-feedingnectar-feedingdecaydecompositionnutrient-cyclingsoil-aerationpestagricultural-pestpasture-pestsugarcane-pestroot-damageturf-damagebiological-controlindicator-speciesconservationbiodiversityendemismcryptic-speciesspecies-complexmorphological-variationgeometric-morphometricsphylogeneticsmolecular-systematicsDNA-barcodingCOI16S28S18SITSbiogeographic-regionbiogeographic-realmNeotropicsAfrotropicsAustralasiaIndomalayaPalearcticNearcticMadagascaroceanic-islandscontinentalinsularmontanelowlandtropicalsubtropicaltemperatearidsemi-aridhumidrainforestsavannagrasslandwoodlandforestcoastal-duneriparianwetlandagriculturalpastureplantationurbandisturbedprimary-habitatsecondary-habitatseasonal-activityrainy-seasondry-seasonmonsoonaltitudeelevationlatitudelongitudegeographic-rangerange-extensionrange-contractiondisjunct-distributionvicariancedispersalcolonizationinvasionintroducednativecosmopolitanwidespreadrestrictedrarecommonabundantscarcedata-deficientIUCNCITESprotectedthreatenedvulnerableendangeredcritically-endangeredextinctfossilsubfossilquaternaryholocenepleistocenemuseum-specimencollectionvouchertype-specimenholotypeparatypesyntypeparalectotypeneotypetopotypeoriginal-descriptionredescriptiondiagnosisemended-diagnosiskeydichotomous-keyillustrated-keyinteractive-keydigital-keymobile-apponline-databaseGBIFBOLDGenBankMorphBankZooBankLSIDORCIDopen-accesspaywallsupplementary-materialsupporting-informationdata-availabilitycode-availabilityethical-statementconflict-of-interestfundingacknowledgmentsauthor-contributionpeer-revieweditorial-processpublication-datejournalvolumeissuepagesarticle-numberISSNeISSNISBNpublisheracademic-pressscientific-presssocietyassociationinstitutionuniversitymuseumherbariumarchiverepositorydatabaseindexcataloguechecklistinventorymonographrevisionreviewsynthesismeta-analysissystematic-reviewrapid-assessmentlong-term-studyfield-worklaboratory-workmolecular-workmorphological-workanatomical-workhistological-workdevelopmental-workbehavioral-workecological-workphysiological-workbiochemical-workgenetic-workgenomic-worktranscriptomic-workproteomic-workmetabolomic-workimagingphotographymicroscopyelectron-microscopyscanning-electron-microscopySEMtransmission-electron-microscopyTEMconfocal-microscopylight-microscopystereomicroscopymacrophotographystacked-photography3D-imagingmicro-CTCT-scanningMRINMRspectroscopyspectrometrychromatographyelectrophoresissequencingSanger-sequencingnext-generation-sequencingNGSIlluminaPacBioOxford-NanoporeSangercapillary-electrophoresisDNA-extractionPCRamplificationprimermarkergenelocusalignmentphylogenytreenetworkhaplotypehaplogrouppopulation-geneticspopulation-structuregene-flowgenetic-dive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hconnectivity-conservationcorridorbuffer-zoneprotected-areanational-parknature-reservewildlife-refugewilderness-areaworld-heritage-sitebiosphere-reserveRamsar-siteImportant-Bird-AreaKey-Biodiversity-AreaAlliance-for-Zero-Extinction-siteconservation-priorityhotspotcrisis-ecoregionglobal-200last-of-the-wildhuman-footprintcumulative-impactthreat-indexvulnerability-indexadaptive-capacityexposuresensitivityresilienceresistancerecoveryrestorationrehabilitationreintroductiontranslocationex-situin-situcaptive-breedingbotanic-gardenzoogene-bankseed-banktissue-banksperm-bankoocyte-bankembryo-bankDNA-bankfrozen-zooarkinsurancesafety-netde-extinctiongenetic-rescuegenetic-restorationgenetic-augmentationgenetic-managementpopulation-managementmetapopulationsource-sinkpatchmatrixlandscapeseascapeecosystembiomeecoregionprovincezoneregiondistrictsitelocalityhabitatmicrohabitatnicheecological-nichefundamental-nicherealized-nichetrophic-nichespatial-nichetemporal-nichebiotic-nicheabiotic-nichemultidimensional-nichen-dimensional-nicheHutchinsonian-nicheGrinnellian-nicheEltonian-nicheresourcerequirementlimitationstressdisturbanceperturbationfluctuationvariabilityheterogeneitycomplexitydiversityredundancystabilitypersistenceadaptationacclimationplasticityevolvabilityheritabilityselectiondriftflowmutationrecombinationspeciationcoalescencedivergenceconvergenceparallelismhomoplasyanalogyhomologysynapomorphysymplesiomorphyautapomorphyapomorphyplesiomorphyderivedancestralprimitiveadvancedbasalcrownstemnodebranchcladegradesubfamilyfamilysuperfamilyinfraordersuborderordersuperorderinfraclasssubclassclasssuperclasssubphylumphylumsuperphylumkingdomdomainlifeorganismindividualetc.Pugettia
kelp crabs
Pugettia is a genus of marine kelp crabs in the family Epialtidae, distributed across the North Pacific from North America to East Asia. Species inhabit shallow subtidal zones, primarily associated with macroalgal habitats including kelp beds, Sargassum stands, and red algal turfs. Many species exhibit ontogenetic habitat shifts, with juveniles and smaller individuals occupying deeper algal turfs while larger adults migrate to shallower macroalgal beds. The genus includes approximately 25 extant species plus one fossil species, with several species serving as important subjects for studies of crab growth, reproduction, and habitat ecology.
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Tetramesa is a genus of minute phytophagous wasps in the family Eurytomidae comprising over 200 described species. Members are exclusively associated with grasses (Poaceae), where they typically induce stem or inflorescence galls. The genus exhibits pronounced host specificity, with most species restricted to a single grass species or closely related congeners. Several species have been deployed as biological control agents against invasive grasses, including T. romana for giant reed (Arundo donax) and candidate agents for medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae) and African lovegrass (Eragrostis curvula). Adults feed on nectar. Recent phylogenomic studies have synonymized the genera Aiolomorphus and Cathilaria within Tetramesa.
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Tortopus is a genus of burrowing mayflies in the family Polymitarcyidae, restricted to six species based on cladistic revision: T. igaranus, T. circumfluus, T. harrisi, T. zottai, T. bellus, and T. arenales. The genus is characterized by distinctive morphological synapomorphies including female parastyli receptors with long anterior furrows, entirely flattened penes, and nymphs bearing two subapical tubercles on mandibular tusks. Nymphs construct U-shaped tunnels in clay banks, a behavior that renders them difficult to sample with standard aquatic survey methods.
EphemeropteraPolymitarcyidaeburrowing-mayfliesNeotropicalclay-bank-habitatU-shaped-tunnelsmandibular-tusksTortopsisCampsurinaePanamerican-distributioncladistic-revisionsynapomorphyparastyli-receptorsflattened-penesfurcasternal-protuberancessubapical-tubercleslimnological-sampling-biasnymph-morphologyadult-morphologytype-species-T.-igaranusnew-species-T.-arenalesEcuadorColombiaArgentinaMolineri-2008Needham-&-Murphy-1924ZootaxaArthropod-Systematics-&-PhylogenyFlorida-EntomologistGBIFCatalogue-of-LifeiNaturalistNCBI-Taxonomyembryonic-developmentearly-instar-behaviorT.-harrisiT.-bellusT.-circumfluusT.-zottaiT.-igaranusT.-incertusT.-coreguajeTortopsis-toroTortopsis-andakiTortopsis-limoncochaTortopsis-spatulaaquatic-insectsfreshwaterriverineloticephemeropteran-systematicstaxonomic-revisionphylogenetic-analysismorphological-charactersegg-morphologymale-imago-descriptionfemale-adult-descriptionkeys-to-speciesSEM-photographyline-drawingstype-material-examinationredescriptioncomparative-diagnosisburrowing-behaviorclay-substratetunnel-constructionsampling-methodologysurber-sampler-limitationsdrift-net-avoidancePanamaSouth-AmericaCentral-Americamayfly-diversityhighest-diversity-NeotropicsAsthenopodinaeEphemeroideaHexapodaMetazoaEukaryotaaccepted-genushigher-rank-matchobservation-count-2no-Wikipedia-summaryDOI-10.11646/zootaxa.2481.1.1DOI-10.11646/zootaxa.2436.1.4DOI-10.3897/asp.79.e62735DOI-10.2307/3493493Scott-et-al.-1959NavásUlmerTraverLugo-Ortiz-&-McCaffertyDomínguezBanksMcDunnoughPictetNeedham-&-Murphyfreshwater-ecologyaquatic-entomologyinsect-developmentnymphal-stagesimago-descriptionalate-adultswing-venationR-sectorgonopore-structureparastyli-lengthpedestal-morphologylateral-view-curvaturemandibular-morphologytusk-tuberclesmesosternal-structureabdominal-sternum-notchfurcasternumprotuberance-configurationreceptor-socket-orientationIR-veinR2-veinclaw-like-structuregonopore-associationpenis-base-separationfemale-fore-wingadditional-veinscomparative-morphologytype-specimenholotypeallotypeparatypeneotropical-speciesnew-species-descriptionspecies-keyidentification-keymale-adult-keyfemale-adult-keynymph-keygeneric-keyPolymitarcyidae-generasystematicsphylogenycladisticsmonophylysister-groupcharacter-statetransformation-seriesparsimony-analysismorphological-data-setexternal-morphologyegg-chorionmicropyleegg-bursterhatchingemergencebehavioral-studyearly-instarembryologyovipositionsubstrate-preferencehabitat-specificityendemicregional-diversityconservationbiomonitoringwater-quality-indicatormacroinvertebratebenthicinfaunalinterstitialhyporheicriver-bankstream-bankerosionsedimentparticle-sizeclay-contentbank-stabilityroot-matvegetation-associationflow-regimecurrent-velocitydepthwidthstream-ordercatchmentbasinecoregionbiogeographydispersalcolonizationvicariancespeciationadaptive-radiationmorphological-divergenceconvergent-evolutionhomoplasycharacter-conflictbootstrap-supportBremer-supportconsensus-treestrict-consensusmajority-ruletaxonomic-stabilitynomenclatural-actoriginal-descriptionsubsequent-designationtype-localitytype-depositorymuseum-collectionspecimen-preservationalcohol-preservationslide-mountingSEM-preparationimaging-techniquesscientific-illustrationphotographymeasurementmorphometricsratiosproportionsallometrysexual-dimorphismgeographic-variationintraspecific-variationinterspecific-variationdiagnostic-charactersidentification-confidencetaxonomic-expertiseliterature-reviewbibliographic-searchdatabase-queryonline-repositoryopen-accesspaywallabstract-onlyfull-text-unavailablecitation-analysisreference-listsource-qualityevidence-strengthknowledge-gapresearch-needfuture-studycollaborationfield-workcollection-tripsampling-effortspecimen-availabilitytype-examinationrevision-scopetaxonomic-conceptcircumscriptioninclusionexclusionspecies-groupspecies-complexcryptic-speciesmorphospeciesphylogenetic-speciesevolutionary-significant-unitoperational-taxonomic-unitDNA-barcodingmolecular-systematicsintegrative-taxonomytraditional-taxonomyalpha-taxonomybeta-taxonomygamma-taxonomyclassification-hierarchyLinnaean-systemrank-based-nomenclaturephylogenetic-nomenclatureclade-namecrown-groupstem-grouptotal-evidencecongruenceincongruencedata-partitioncharacter-weightingimplied-weightingequal-weightingordered-charactersunordered-charactersmultistate-charactersbinary-characterscontinuous-charactersmeristic-charactersqualitative-charactersquantitative-charactersmorphological-matrixdata-matrixcharacter-matrixtaxon-samplingcharacter-samplingmissing-datainapplicable-datapolymorphismintraspecific-polymorphismfixed-differencediagnostic-differenceunique-derived-characterautapomorphyshared-derived-charactersymplesiomorphyconvergent-characterparallel-evolutionreversalcharacter-optimizationACCTRANDELTRANunambiguous-optimizationambiguous-optimizationmost-parsimonious-treetree-lengthconsistency-indexretention-indexrescaled-consistency-indexhomoplasy-indexcharacter-fitcharacter-congruencecharacter-supportbranch-supportnode-supportclade-stabilitytaxonomic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