Habitat
Guides
Allocapnia rickeri
Midwest Snowfly
Allocapnia rickeri is a small winter stonefly in the family Capniidae, commonly known as the Midwest Snowfly. It is one of numerous small, dark stoneflies in the genus Allocapnia that emerge during cold months when few other insects are active. The species has been documented across the central and eastern United States. Like other capniids, it is associated with clean, cold streams and is an important indicator of water quality.
winter-stoneflybioindicatorcoldwaterPlecopteraCapniidaeAllocapnialoticemergencebrachypteryapterygenitalia-identificationFrison-1942Midwestsoutheastern-USclean-water-indicatorJanuary-Marchsmall-stoneflywingless-femalestream-insectshreddergathererseasonal-resourcewater-qualityaquatic-insectterrestrial-adultshort-lived-adultovipositionsubmerged-eggshigh-dissolved-oxygenlow-temperaturecentral-USeastern-USAlabamaArkansasDelawareGeorgiaIllinoishexapodhemimetabolousEuholognathaNemouroideaArctoperlariaInsectaArthropodaAnimaliaGBIFCatalogue-of-LifeiNaturalistNCBItaxonomyaccepted-species1942FrisonRickerMidwest-Snowflysnowflysmall-dark-stoneflyclean-streamsriverswell-oxygenatedlotic-habitatcold-monthswinter-activitywing-reductionfemale-apterymale-flightepiproctparaproctterminaliataxonomic-revisioncongenersdistribution-recordsobservations9-observationseukaryotemetazoanarthropodinsectstoneflywinter-emergingJanuaryFebruaryMarchcold-weathernear-freezingbelow-freezingwater-surfacesubmerged-substratesallochthonous-organic-materialstream-ecosystemsseasonal-food-resourceinsectivorous-birdspredatorsscarce-preyunpollutedno-economic-importancestream-monitoringwater-quality-indicatorhigh-quality-coldwatermicroscopic-examinationtaxonomic-keysmale-terminaliareliable-separationgenitalic-examinationoverlapping-distributionsimilar-habitatsmall-sizeunder-10-mmbody-lengthreduced-wingsabsent-wingsfully-developed-wingsspecific-identificationpublished-descriptionsillustrationssubsequent-revisionscharacteristicfamily-Capniidaecommon-nameextended-nymphal-periodone-to-two-yearsshort-liveddoes-not-feedaquatic-nymphclean-cold-streamslow-temperaturesyear-roundwinter-monthsJanuary-through-Marchfamilycentered-Midwestextends-southeasternUnited-Statesdocumentedappearsmost-reliablydistinguishedsubtle-differencesterminal-abdominal-structuresshould-be-comparedagainstpublishedsubsequentgenus-levelcharacterizedreducedabsentfemalesfully-developedmalesrequires-examinationmale-genitaliastructureparaproctsreliableseparationoverlapssimilarmanyexternallydefinitivereliesmicroscopicexaminationcomparisonkeysusedbiologicalindicatorprogramspresenceindicatescoldconditionsno-directeconomicimportanceshreddersgatherersprocessingallochthonousorganicmaterialstreamecosystemsseasonalfoodresourceinsectivorousbirdsotherwhenalternativepreyscarceserveshigh-qualityhabitatsdevelopmentaquaticnymphalstagesterrestrialadultstagenymphsdevelopstreamsextendedperiodlikelyonetwoyearsbasedrelatedspeciesadultsdo-notfeedactiveduringweatherairtemperaturesmaynearbelowfreezingwingedcapableflightwinglessshort-wingedremainwatersurfacematingoccurwinterenteringdepositeggssubmergedsubstratessmallcommonlyknownnumerousdarkemergefewinsectscentraleasternassociatedcleanimportantundermmbodylengthmembersgenuswingspossessfullydevelopedspecificidentificationlevelwithinrequiresmalegenitaliaparticularlymostreliablysubtledifferencestheseterminalabdominalstructuresshouldcompareddescriptionstaxonomicrevisionswinter-emergingmaintainlowhighdissolvedoxygenlevelsthroughoutyearUnitedStatesdistributioncenteredextendssoutheasternmonthstypicallythroughthisactivitygivesrisecommonnamedonotprovidesqualitymonitoringnodirecthabitatmorphologysizegenitalicChrysops cincticornis
Ring-clawed Deer Fly
Chrysops cincticornis is a deer fly in the family Tabanidae, first described by Walker in 1848. It is commonly known as the Ring-clawed Deer Fly. The species has been documented in Vermont and other parts of the United States, with 291 observations recorded on iNaturalist. Research on this species has focused on its oviposition behavior and fecundity, with laboratory studies showing females deposit eggs in gelatinous masses on mud substrates near water, averaging 156 eggs per female.
deer-flyTabanidaeDipteramedical-entomologyovipositionfecundityring-clawed-deer-flyVermontUnited-Statesmud-substrategelatinous-egg-massChrysopsinaeChrysopsiniWalker-1848iNaturalistlaboratory-rearingegg-mass156-eggsrange-42-312near-watermud-like-substrateegg-depositionreproductionbehavioral-studymedical-entomology-researchinsect-vectorsbiting-fliestabanid-flieshorse-fliesdeer-fliesChrysopsNorth-AmericaNew-Englandobservation-recordssynonym-status-in-Catalogue-of-Lifeaccepted-status-in-GBIFarthropodinsectflyBrachyceraTabanomorphaHexapodaPterygotaAnimaliaArthropodaInsectacincticornisChrysops-cincticornis-Walker-1848Chrysops-(Chrysops)-cincticornisdeerflyhorseflytabanidbiting-flyvectoroviposition-behaviorfecundity-studyJournal-of-Medical-Entomology198210.1093/jmedent/19.5.597gelatinous-secretionmudwaterlaboratory-conditionsmean-fecundityegg-productionreproductive-biologyentomologyinsect-behaviorinsect-reproductiondipterantrue-flytwo-winged-flynematoceranCyclorrhaphaAschizaSchizophoraAcalyptrataeCalyptrataeOestroideaMuscoideaHippoboscoideaGlossinidaeCalliphoridaeSarcophagidaeMuscidaeFanniidaeAnthomyiidaeScathophagidaeOestridaeTachinidaeSiphonapteraPhthirapteraHemipteraColeopteraLepidopteraHymenopteraNeuropteraMegalopteraRaphidiopteraTrichopteraStrepsipteraMecopteraDipluraProturaCollembolaZygentomaArchaeognathaEphemeropteraOdonataPlecopteraGrylloblattodeaMantophasmatodeaPhasmatodeaOrthopteraDermapteraEmbiopteraZorapteraIsopteraBlattodeaMantodeaPhyllodocidaNotopteraWalker1848speciestaxongelatinoushabitatdistributionGBIFCatalogue-of-LifeNCBIlaboratory-studybehaviorlife-cyclesubstratemud-likemeanrange42-312femaleobservationrecordspecimencollectionmuseumresearchstudyarticleabstractDOIbiologyecologyhorse-flyacceptedsynonymtaxonomyclassificationUS291-observationslaboratory291-iNaturalist-observationsGBIF-distribution-recordsaccepted-species-statussynonym-in-Catalogue-of-Life156-eggs-mean-fecundityrange-42-312-eggs1982-Journal-of-Medical-Entomology-publicationDOI-10.1093/jmedent/19.5.597entomology-researchdipteran-biologyCixius yufengi
Cixius yufengi is a species of planthopper in the family Cixiidae, described by Tsaur in 1993. The species belongs to a genus of small, often inconspicuous insects that feed on plant sap. Very little specific information is available about this particular species.
planthopperCixiidaeCalifornia-endemicTsaur-1993AuchenorrhynchaFulgoromorphasap-feederHemipterainsectarthropodHexapodaAnimaliaEukaryotaDelphacoideaCixiinaeCixiiniCixiusspeciesacceptedGBIFCatalogue-of-LifetaxonomydistributionCaliforniaUSAUnited-StatesNorth-Americaendemicinvertebratehemipterantrue-bugbuginsectaanimalhexapodeukaryotearthropodacixius-yufengiyufengiTsaur1993scientific-namecanonical-nameauthorshiprankstatusgenusspecific-epithetclassificationtaxonomy-matchexactkingdomphylumclassorderfamilydistribution-recordsBuglifeendemic-speciesBritish-endemicsIvell's-Sea-AnemoneEdwardsia-ivelliWidewater-LagoonSussexextinctlikely-extinctnot-seen-in-over-forty-years19731983dance-flyPoecilobothrus-majesticusEssex1907Caledonian-PlanthopperCixius-caledonicusnot-seen-for-70-yearsManx-Shearwater-FleaCeratophyllus-fionnus1960sTurk's-Earth-CentipedeNothogeophilus-turkiIsles-of-ScillyIsle-of-Wight1988never-seen-againconservationJames-Harding-MorrisbookBritish-endemic-invertebratesCraig-MacadamCeltic-WoodlouseMetatrichoniscoides-celticusWaleswestern-fringes-of-England1980sChater's-BristletailDilta-chateriiridescentjumping-powers1990sLundy-Cabbage-Flea-BeetlePsylliodes-luridipennisLundy-IslandDevonco-endemismLundy-Cabbageendemic-plantLundy-Cabbage-WeevilCeutorhynchus-contractus-pallipestaxonomic-uncertaintyHorrid-Ground-weaverNothophantes-horridusPlymouthdevelopmentNorthern-February-Red-StoneflyBrachyptera-putataScotlanddrummingabdomen-tappingBritish-Cave-ShrimpNiphargus-glennieiblindghostly-palecavesdamp-rock-fissurestemporary-puddleshumid-cavesrediscoveredprotectedsurvivalconservation-prioritiesglobal-responsibilityevolutionary-twistsecological-intriguehopenatural-heritageBack-from-the-BrinkRSPBBig-Garden-BirdwatchBSBINew-Year-Plant-Huntplantswildlifenaturecommunicationspublic-engagementcampaignsrare-speciesobscure-speciesoverlooked-speciesirreplaceable-specieslocal-wondersglobal-stakesisolationthousands-of-yearsmillions-of-yearsevolutionlandscapesRed-SquirrelHedgehogEuropeshared-speciesnowhere-elseno-backupno-second-chancescelebrationprotectioncherishrecogniseawarenesshabitat-protectionresearchforgotten-creaturesspotlightslipping-through-the-cracksunknown-to-publicrarely-surveyedbarely-hanging-onalready-goneuncomfortable-truthimportant-speciesleast-knownstrangedeeply-unsettlingsole-global-responsibilitylose-them-everywhereorganisationsfighting-to-changeextraordinary-workrarestmost-threatenedentirely-overlookedforgottenevolvedstep-with-Britain's-landscapesfamiliar-speciesshare-with-Europepopulation-overseasreintroducelose-themwrittenjourneyoverlookedirreplaceablefound-nowhere-else-on-Earthcall-to-recogniseprotectuniquely-oursavailable-nowbooksellersspecies-found-nowhere-else-on-Earthpassionate-nature-enthusiastlifelong-loveexploringnatural-worldtrekkingmountainsrare-flowersscouringfenselusive-mothsinvestigatingexotic-invertebrateshothousesfascinationunwaveringprofessional-lifeconservation-sectorhigh-impact-campaignsinspiredEngland's-rarestmost-obscure-speciesmissionBritain-and-Irelandfall-in-love-with-plantsSHAREFacebookLinkedInguest-blogauthorhow-many-speciesfound-only-in-Britainsimple-questioncomprehensive-listresearchingwriting2022referenceburied-in-booksscattered-across-internettucked-awayminds-of-species-expertsresultover-700-speciesat-least-another-100-subspeciesoccur-nowhere-else-on-Earthtotal-global-responsibilityvery-few-peoplename-even-a-single-onestruckmost-irreplaceable-specieslive-or-diedecisions-made-within-our-borderstop-of-conservation-prioritiescelebratedunderstoodset-outtell-their-storiesunique-invertebratesincredibly-fortunateBuglife's-Conservation-Directorfirst-timecompiling-report20-speciesfive-species-of-flyfour-species-of-beetletwo-stonefliesone-eachwoodlousecentipedemillipedefleabristletailspidershrimpsea-anemonetell-storiesgo-out-and-find-thempicked-fivetrack-downbumped-intocouple-moresearched-under-coastal-rocksexquisitepearly-translucenttiny-speciesbarely-2.5mm-longfirst-discoveredknown-only-from-Walesnearbysearched-dampferny-woodlandsalien-lookingastonishing-jumping-powersnamed-new-to-sciencetravelledDevon's-Lundy-Islandtry-and-seeparticularly-rare-pairingonly-known-exampleendemic-beetlepossibly-endemicspend-their-liveswintry-visitsearchelusive-and-threatenedfound-in-just-a-few-siteswithin-the-cityperpetually-under-pressureowes-its-survivaltireless-effortsguided-tourprime-Northern-February-Red-Stoneflyhabitatblew-my-mindmusical-prowessstoneflies-'drum'tapping-their-abdomensslithering-through-tightmuddyunderground-tunnelspersonal-favouriteutterly-gorgeousspends-its-lifechance-searchDevon-coastfirst-sightingalmost-thirty-yearsones-we've-lostimmediately-drawnonly-ever-knownunfortunatelyCraig's-reporthasn't-been-seenover-forty-yearsfirst-collectedlast-seenwithin-a-decadeknowing-this-species-existedgone-foreversadlynot-uncommon-themeendemic-invertebratesdiscoveredhasn't-been-foundover-a-century70-yearsdon't-think-anyonespottedsince-the-1960snot-long-afterfirst-describedfirst-foundstrange-and-uncomfortable-truthsome-of-the-most-important-speciesalso-some-of-the-least-knownby-definitionBritain's-sole-global-responsibilitylose-them-heredespite-that-significancethankfullyorganisations-fightingraising-awarenessrarest-and-most-threatenedotherwise-remainleading-edge-researchevolved-in-stepBritain's-landscapesthousandsunlike-more-familiar-speciesno-population-overseasnowhere-to-reintroducewhy-I-wrote-Endemicutterly-uniquemosseswoodlicebeetlesbuttercupsstories-full-ofright-attentionactionstill-be-savedheld-onpossiblewithin-our-reachall-good-booksellersoverlooked-and-irreplaceableBacks-Goldilocks-ButtercupHeather-StuckeyAbout-the-Authortrekking-up-mountainsscouring-fensinvestigating-exotic-invertebratesfascination-with-wildlifeRSPB's-Big-Garden-BirdwatchBSBI's-New-Year-Plant-HuntBack-from-the-Brink-projectcare-deeplycurrentlyensure-everyoneopportunitywork-with-BSBISHARE-ONCyladini
Cyladini is a tribe of weevils in the family Brentidae, subfamily Apioninae. The tribe includes economically significant pests of sweet potato, particularly the sweetpotato weevil (Cylas formicarius), which causes substantial damage to storage roots in tropical and subtropical production regions. Members of this tribe are characterized by their association with Convolvulaceae host plants and their status as specialized root-feeding pests.
pestagriculturesweet-potatoConvolvulaceaeintegrated-pest-managementCylas-formicariustropical-agriculturesubtropical-agricultureroot-feeding-weevilstorage-root-damageeconomic-pestbiological-controlcrop-protectionsoutheastern-United-Statesglobal-food-securitylow-input-farmingdrought-tolerant-cropnematode-interactionsBeauveria-bassianaentomopathogenic-nematodesresistant-varietiescrop-rotationcover-cropsIPMBrentidaeApioninaeColeopteraInsectaHexapodaArthropodaAnimaliaClaire-SchloemerAuburn-UniversityUniversity-of-Wisconsin-MadisonJournal-of-Integrated-Pest-ManagementScott-GrahamKathy-LawrenceCovingtonBonitaBeauregardOrleansguava-root-knot-nematoderoot-knot-nematodewirewormcucumber-beetleflea-beetlePurpureocillium-lilacinumbiopesticidegreen-bridge-effectmustardglucosinolatepeanutbahiagrasssandy-soildrought-adaptationbiofuelanimal-feednutritional-valuefood-securitysustainable-agricultureenvironmental-impactmicrobial-controlfungal-pathogenentomopathogenic-fungusbiological-nematicidenematode-egg-parasitismpest-managementagricultural-entomologycrop-lossyield-reductionroot-qualitymarketabilityintegrated-managementcultural-controlselective-chemical-useproductivitynatural-processesversatilityglobal-cultivationtropical-regionssubtropical-regionssoutheastern-U.S.domestic-productionrevenueacreageharvestfarminggrowerbreedingresearchcultivar-developmentevolving-threatspest-pressuresoil-healthfield-preparationwinter-habitatinsect-habitatparasitisminfestationdamagelosschallengedefensearsenalbattlewarresilienceadaptationinnovationstrategysustainabilitylivelihoodnourishmentfood-productionagricultural-researchentomologyplant-protectioncrop-sciencehorticultureroot-croptuberstorage-organfeeding-injurygallingcracked-rootsstunted-growthwater-uptakenutrient-uptakepathogen-interactionexacerbated-damagevariety-selectionhardy-varietyrobust-performancehigh-yieldnematode-resistancepest-resistancevulnerabilityspreading-pestpopulation-reductionsoil-improvementspring-plantingtoxic-compoundnatural-propertymicrobial-productformulationapplicationevaluationmaximizationpotentialurgencygrowing-threatcomprehensive-strategybalanceenablementessential-cropsecuritydefiancedifficult-conditionsmenacing-pestsformidable-threatsproduction-continuationface-to-facethreatdiseaseresilient-cropgrowing-conditionsmenacestorysurfacebeneathrelentlessadversaryfavorconditionpowerfulfoetinyparasiteattackformationdiminishabilityresultunattractiveworsematterinteractionsignificantdevastatingruininflictfurthercompromisegrapplethankfullyfarmerbeginselecthardywithstandtraditionalgaintractionvulnerablehighlightneedcontinuebreedeffortdevelopcapableopposeevolveaftersturdyculturalmanagementrotationcovercroppinglinetakeyearoffgrowrotatenon-hostproveeffectivereducepopulationbreathelifeimprovehealthsuppressprepareexamplecontaincompoundcallbreakdownreleasesubstancewaryproviderepresentmethodharnesshelpwinsporefungusinfectkilltypetapdifferentmicroscopicanimalparasitizeplususecombatattentioneggaidfightminimizeimpactdespiteadvancequestionremainrequiremaximizeparticularlyurgentposekeyenhanceapproachintegratepracticecontrolselectivechemicalenablenaturalprocessnutritionalvalueessentialcropglobalfoodregionsupportmillionaddresspressureinnovativesustainableensurelivemanyformidableproductionalthoughcomefaceresilientabledefydifficultreadmorejournalintegratedClaireSchloemerPh.D.studentconductearnmasterdegreeemailsharelinkfriendopennewwindowprintFacebookLinkedInBlueskyMastodonXRedditThreadsrelateddiscoverfromtodaysubscribegetlatestpostsendyourCylasformicariussweetpotatosweetpotatoweevilphotocourtesyshowherecucumberbeetleroot-knotnematodeharmU.S.guidedetailvarietyoptionbeloveddelicioustastebenefitbrightcolorrankseventhmostimportantworldtropicalsubtropicalareaaroundservefeedsourcegoodpicklow-inputstylewelladaptedsandysoildroughtUnitedStates2022over130,000acregeneratenearly600southeasternleaddomesticAuburnUniversityweatherarticlepublishMarchcolleagueScottGrahamKathyLawrencevariousamongplant-parasiticspecificallyrootsystemcausegallplantwaternutrientstuntedgrowthyieldcrackmakeinteractpathogenexacerbateinsectknowstorage7annualsouthernfleaqualityleaveeconomicownresistancebettermeanwhilenewerhighrobustperformancehoweverresistguavaspeciesspreadnextseasonwinterfieldspringtoxicgreenbridgeeffecthabitatfeedersymptominfectionbiologicalpropertymicrobeBeauveriabassianaagentformulateenvironmentallyfriendlyproducteasyapplysimilarlybeneficialentomopathogenicnematicidePurpureocilliumlilacinumsolutionenvironmentalresistantnematode-resistantcultivarcomprehensivecultivationWisconsin-MadisoncschloemerwisceduFlexamia huroni
Huron River Leafhopper
Flexamia huroni is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, described by Bess & Hamilton in 1999. It belongs to the genus Flexamia, a group of leafhoppers known for their specialized host plant associations with grasses. The species is named after the Huron River in Michigan, where it was first collected. Like other members of the genus, it likely exhibits strong ecological dependence on specific grass host plants.
leafhoppercicadellidaedeltocephalinaeparalimniniflexamiagrass-specialistmichigan-endemicauchenorrhynchahemipterainsectaarthropodaanimaliatrue-bugplanthopper-relative1999-descriptionbesshamiltonhuronihuron-riverusanorth-americagrassland-insecthost-specificpoorly-knownrareuncommondata-deficientgbifcatalogue-of-lifencbiinaturalisttaxonspeciesacceptedhexapodacicadomorphaclypeatamembracoideaparalimninaflexamia-huronibess-&-hamilton1999exact-matchaccepted-namecanonical-namescientific-nameauthorshiprankstatusmatchedtaxonomyclassificationeukaryotametazoadistributionmichiganobservations0wikipedianonepreferred-common-namehuron-river-leafhoppertrue-bugsgroupkingdomphylumclassorderfamilygenusauthorityiptintegrated-publishing-toolkitbiodiversity-data-journalzookeysnature-conservationcomparative-cytogeneticsopen-accessopen-accessjournalpublicationdatasetspecimentypenomenclatural-typeherbariumuniversity-of-granadaspainfungilichensagaricalescortinariusantonio-ortegamediterraneanfranceitalyimage-collectioncolección-de-imágenes-de-los-tipos-nomenclaturales-de-hongoslíquenesmusgos-y-algasgdagdacvizosoquesada2015doi10.3897bdj3e5204new-speciesnew-jersey-pine-barrensmuhlenbergia-torreyanapinebarren-smokegrassthreatened-speciesandrew-hicksmuseum-of-natural-historyuniversity-of-coloradogerry-moorenatural-resources-conservation-servicegreensboronculi-lorimerbrooklyn-botanic-gardenf.-whitcombirobert-whitcombmicrobiologyornithologyecologyhost-plantwarming-climatehuman-activitieszookeys-51169-79zookeys.511.9572roundwormnematodeantarcticamblydorylaimus-isokaryonipararhyssocolpus-paradoxusbulgariascanning-electron-microscopysemmaritime-antarcticantarctic-islandslip-regionspearvulvapostembryonic-developmentmolecular-analysesdorylaimidaelshishkalazarovaradoslavovhristovpeneva25-68zookeys.511.9793anidiv2bulgarian-academy-of-sciencesnational-scientific-fundoctocoralokinawajapannanipora-kamurailiving-fossilblue-coralhelioporaaragonite-calcium-carbonateskeletonscleractinianssoft-coralheliporacealithotelestidaeepiphaxumdeep-seashallow-coral-reefzamami-islandnational-parkmiyazakireimer1-23zookeys.511.9432non-biting-midgechironomusch.-bernensisnorth-caucasusrussiacaucasian-populationseuropesiberiakaryotypemorphologymouthpartslarvaechromosomegenotypic-combinationsmineralizationeutrophicationkarmokovpolukonovasinichkinatembotov-institute-of-ecology-of-mountain-territoriessaratov-state-medical-universitycomparative-cytogenetics-9281-297compcytogen.v9i3.4519sea-turtlerescue-centrefirst-aid-stationloggerheadgreen-turtlecaretta-carettachelonia-mydasbycatchmortalitygreecemigrationsexual-maturityullmannstachowitschuit-the-arctic-university-of-norwaynature-conservation-1045-69natureconservation.10.4890regional-activity-centre-for-specially-protected-areasporcupinecoendou-ichilluslower-urubambaperucanopy-bridgepipelinenatural-gasarborealcamera-trapdwarf-porcupineiquitos770ggregorylundezamora-mezacarrasco-ruedarepsol-exploración-perúzookeys-509109-121zookeys.509.9821antprionopeltamadagascarseychellessubterraneanleaf-litterdracula-anthemolymphlarval-hemolymph-feedingoophagymadagascar-biodiversity-centeroversonfisherzookeys-507115-150zookeys.507.9303itobillenmasukospideranelosimussubsocialcobweb-spidertheridiidaedeforestationbiodiversity-hotspotagnarssonuniversity-of-vermontsmithsonian-national-museum-of-natural-historywallacehuxleybuffonhookerlamarckdarwinmoramoraeriophyoid-miteacarixinjiangchinarosaceaeparacolomerusgallji-wei-liwangxuezhangzookeys-50897-111zookeys.508.8940shihezi-universitygrasshopperwyomingmelanoplusmelanoplinaeacrididaetetrigidaegomphocerniaeoedipodinaecyrtacanthacridinaedistribution-atlasfield-guidewgiswyoming-grasshopper-information-systemkeycapinerasechristhebardhelferscudderblatchleythomassayharrisdegeerbrunersaussuregirarddodgewalkerfieberfabriciusservillemcneilltinkhamburmeisterhaldemanbig-horn-mountainsblack-hillsgladstonindigensinfantilisdodgeioregonensismarshalliyellowstone-national-parksagebrushpineelevationshortgrass-prairiemixedgrass-prairieforbgrasseconomic-damagerangelandbenefitoverwinteregghatchadultlate-summeraugustoctoberjunelife-cyclefood-habitsizecollectionsurveyunderreportedcommonendemicrestricted-rangeforest-openinggrassymoderate-elevationlargersmallereastwestunited-statesamericanorthsouthcentralrangeextentlimitedrestrictedabundantpopulationdensityoccurrencepresenceabsencehabitatenvironmentconditionaltitudetopographyterrainvegetationplantshrubtreeforestopeningmeadowprairiesteppesavannawoodlanddrawslopeaspectsoilsubstratemoisturetemperatureclimateweatherseasonphenologytimingactivitynymphemergemoltdevelopgrowreproducemateovipositdiegenerationvoltinismunivoltinebivoltinemultivoltinesemivoltinediapauseaestivationhibernationdispersalmovementbehaviorhabitactionfeedingdietfoodhostassociationrelationshipinteractionspecialistgeneralistmonophagyoligophagypolyphagyherbivoredetritivorepredatorparasitoidscavengereconomic-importancepestbeneficialneutraldamagecontrolmanagementconservationthreatenedendangeredvulnerablesecureunknownglobal-biodiversity-information-facilityesbiodiversity-image-portalspanish-collectionstype-specimenlichenantarcticabernensisliyellowstoneNomotettix cristatus
crested pygmy grasshopper, crested grouse locust, northern crested grouse locust
Nomotettix cristatus is a small pygmy grasshopper in the family Tetrigidae, commonly known as the crested pygmy grasshopper or crested grouse locust. It is one of approximately 35 Nearctic species of Tetrigidae. The species exhibits three recognized subspecies with distinct geographic distributions across North America. Like other members of its family, it is characterized by an elongated pronotum that extends over the abdomen, a trait distinguishing pygmy grasshoppers from typical grasshoppers in Acrididae.
pygmy-grasshoppergroundhopperTetrigidaeNearcticmoist-habitatpronotumcristateNorth-Americaleaf-litteraquatic-marginOrthopteraCaeliferajumping-insectsmall-grasshoppercrested-pronotumsubspecies-variationAlbertaConnecticutFloridaGeorgiaIllinoislake-shorepond-edgestream-marginground-dwellingScudder-1862Batrachidea-cristataNomotettix-cristatus-cristatusNomotettix-cristatus-compressusNomotettix-cristatus-floridanusTetriginaeAcridideaTetrigoideaHexapodaPterygotainsectarthropodanimaleukaryotemetazoaanimaliaarthropodainsectanomotettixcristatuscrestedpygmygrasshoppergrouse-locustnorthern-crested-grouse-locustcrested-grouse-locustcrested-pygmy-grasshopperiNaturalistGBIFCatalogue-of-LifeNCBI-TaxonomyWikipediaSkejoTumbrinckDevrieseHochkirchMorse-1895Hancock-1902Scudder-1863BatrachideacristatacompressusfloridanusNearctic-region35-species2000-species230-million-yearsdinosaur-contemporarieswater-dependent-lifecyclePeruća-lakeCroatiaBalkansEuropesystematicstaxonomyfaunisticsnatural-historybiodiversityconservationendangeredimperiledZooKeysresearchamateur-naturalistcitizen-scienceobservation53-observationsrareneglected-diversitytropicsMadagascarAustraliaNew-GuineaBorneoBrazilAtlantic-Forestleaf-like-morphologyspineswartsundulationshornsbizarregrotesqueHancock-1907Genera-InsectorumAcididaepronotal-projectionHolocerusNotocerusHolocerus-luciferHolocerus-devrieseiNotocerus-formidabilisMetopomystrum-muricienseOphiotettix-pulcherrimaParaselina-brunneriSelivinga-tribulataCriotettix-bispinosusTetrix-subulataTettigidea-lateralisTetrix-undulataTetrix-tenuicornisParatettix-meridionalisParatettix-mexicanusTetrix-depressaTetrix-arenosaTetrix-bipunctataTetrix-japonicaParatettix-aztecusHyperyboella-orphaniaScelimena-productaEurymorphopus-bolivariensisDiscotettix-belzebuthTetrix-ceperoiTetrix-transsylvanicaArulenusRhacocleis-buchichiiBarbitistes-kaltenbachiAdžićDeranjaPavlovićFran-RebrinaIvan-BudinskiVrlikaHPMHrvatski-Prirodoslovni-MuzejZagrebKitonićMikoFranjevićMedakMathieuSilvaPereiraDe-DomenicoSperberConnorsHendriksenLambertChongMcMasterMonaghanRentzRichterRoseTelnovBarclayPauwelsEntomological-Society-of-LatviaRigaLatviaWallaceaVolume-IIIbiogeographynature-conservationTrinity-Audioguest-blogJosip-SkejoOrthoptera-of-CroatiaBalkan-endemicendemic-speciesnatural-history-museummuseum-collectionsfield-researchcareer-determinationserendipitous-discoverynew-speciessystematic-researchunderstudied-groupregular-publishing20212017202020142016201320122011primary-schoolhigh-schoolbiology-studentsnakesUropeltidaeScolecophidiashield-tailed-snakesblind-snakesgrasshopperscricketsCroatian-endemicfirst-encounterwater-dependencylifecycleleading-European-orthopteristsrare-speciesnew-Arulenus-speciesunderstudiedpublishingTetrigidae-researchencyclopediaElsevierdigital-taxonomyopen-accessinnovationsjournalgrowthtrendingsocial-mediaFlickrunidentified-rare-pygmy-grasshoppersstudentsamateursnew-recordsnot-rareTribulation-helmed-groundhopperKurandaTully-RangeRedlynchKingfisher-parkSpeewahselected-awesome-placesselected-amazing-taxarainforestshumid-forestsextremely-rareweird-lookinglargestmost-colourfulZooKeys-studiesphotographsidentified-to-species-levelvariabilitypronotal-projection-morphologyholotypeMaroantsentraAntongil-BayTamataveAndasibeVohimanaRanomafanaAnalamazaotraTraveler's-PalmRavenala-madagascariensisnatural-habitatskilful-flierflightlarge-back-spinesFormidable-Pygmy-GrasshopperSava-regiontrue-colourssmallinterestingPygmy-unicornsSouthern-AmericaMuricidescriptionmale-holotypeheadsternumfrontal-viewdorsal-viewlateral-viewsternomentumscale-barsGiraffehoppersuniqueantennal-shapeface-colorationvisual-animalscourtshipmating-pairYapen-IslandCenderawasih-BayW-New-Guineayoung-entomologistsdecisionstudy-pygmy-grasshoppersdirectionprimary-and-high-schoolcompare-datafirst-ideafamiliar-animalsfieldorder-Orthopterafriendfellow-studentfirst-systematic-researchtwo-Croatian-endemic-speciesfirst-years2011-2012never-sawsingle-pygmy-grasshopperBIOMSinjTetrigidae-locationaround-waterfirst-time-everlifecycle-water-dependentresearchingcontactingHendrik-DevrieseAxel-HochkirchJosef-TumbrinckCroatian-Natural-History-MuseumSkejo-et-al.-2014Skejo-&-Caballero-2016regularly-publishingAdžić-et-al.-2021Endangered-Pygmy-GrasshoppersEncyclopaedia-of-ConservationMathieu-et-al.-2021ZooKeys-1042Silva-et-al.-2017commentsrecent-changesMetopomystrumCleostratiniMiriatriniZooKeys-702Skejo-et-al.-2020online-social-mediaAnaselinaParaselinaSelivingarare-Australian-pygmy-grasshoppersZooKeys-948Malagasy-devilsnorthsouthZooKeys-957Tumbrinck-&-Skejo-2017taxonomic-and-biogeographic-revisionNew-Guinean-genusOphiotettix-Walker-1871MetrodorinaeOphiotettigini-trib.-nov.33-new-speciesnature's-creationsencouragedU.S.-speciesspectacularclosedHalloweenorange-and-blackArgus-tortoise-beetleChelymorpha-cassideaoleander-caterpillarSyntomeida-epilaiswheel-bugArilus-cristatusmorning-gloryConvolvulaceaesweet-potatotoxic-compoundsalkaloidsnerve-poisonsmonarch-butterflymilkweed-leaf-beetleoleander-aphidpredator-protectionpolka-dot-wasp-mothvermillion-wingsiridescent-blue-bodywhite-spotswasp-mimicryultrasonic-songmate-attractionegg-depositionoleander-leafcaterpillarscluster-feedingcardiac-glycosidesheart-poisonsdogbane-beetlesnatural-enemiesbarrel-shaped-eggspale-orangeexoskeleton-hardeningorange-black-orangeantennae-pale-orangebody-and-legs-jet-blackrear-end-brilliant-orangestout-beakproboscisimpalementdigestive-enzymesliquefactionmedieval-torture-wheelHemipteratrue-bugssucking-mouthpartsincomplete-metamorphosisegg-nymph-adultplant-feedersharlequin-bugssquash-bugsstink-bugsfierce-predatorspest-controlReduviidaeassassin-bugsZelus-longipesmilkweed-assassin-bugsticky-forelegsprey-snaringproteolytic-enzymespredigestionmuscular-pumpblack-wing-budsgoldenrodsmeadow-plantsPselliopus-barberiorange-assassin-bugblack-stripesstealthleafhopperbrown-marmorated-stink-bugHalyomorpha-halysbiological-control-agentnative-protein-sourcesautumn-egg-layingspring-hatchingMay-Junered-abdomensorange-antennaesawfly-larvaebeetlesother-bugspainful-pokecautionhandlingpet-keepingMad-MagazineSpy-vs-Spypointy-nosed-secret-agentsentomological-equivalentBug-vs-BugHeteropteraclanawesome-predatornative-to-North-Americarecord-numbersnurseryfunction-of-wheelspeculationcautious-approachembraceliquefied-mealprotein-for-growthegg-productioncluster-sizetree-barkmagnificent-creatureswide-varietyscoresstealthy-stalkingassassinationcomplementary-outbreakbenefitnaturally-occurring-predatorsparasitesstem-onslaughtno-interest-in-humansretreatmemorable-painful-pokefirsthand-experienceclever-assassinUSDA-NIFA-SCRI-Awardresearch-supportaction-videowebsitepredator-prey-relationshipnatural-enemyultimate-comeuppanceChinese-praying-mantisyellow-and-black-garden-spiderarachnidclose-encounterinvasive-pestAsiaAllentown-PA1990smillions-of-dollars-damagecropshome-invasion33-stateswinter-refugerising-crescendoconcernfarm-fieldslandscapescreature's-banebountyawesome-six-legged-predatormedieval-torture-devicesource-of-speculationlittle-facttasty-morselmarkhapless-victimslurpprotein-for-developmentautumnwell-fed-femaleseveral-to-more-than-one-hundredsycamore-treeattendanceironynocenttriggered-outbreakremain-to-be-seenword-of-cautionAssasipetlaboratorylearned-firsthandtry-not-to-handlevictimShrewsburyMartinsonSargentfascinationinspirationarchivecreaturestreesUFextensionintegrated-pest-managementNC-StateAG295htmltortoise-beetlesIFASornole-cpillarUKYAgricultureCritterFilescasefileinsectsbugsassassinsuggested-common-namescientific-nameLinnaeusMegha-KalsiDakshina-R.-Sealpublicationpreparationhappy-safe-Halloweeneat-stink-bugpart-3meets-wheel-bugmid-Atlantic-regioninimitable-pestapplesvegetablessoybeanshomesdiscoverydamagedistresshomeownerswicked-winterprevious-episodesgive-stink-bugsBaby-boomersoutwitundosucking-insectsMother-Natureliquefied-tissuesegg-conversionclustersspringbright-red-abdomensluckyhalf-dozenstealthily-stalkedassassinatingstinky-marmorated-cousinsno-particular-intereststalking-humanstoo-largetaste-badfirsthandbewarehandling-directlyAshleyNancyChrisRyanErikCarolinewranglingdeath-of-stink-bugPart-2vandalizing-vegetablessullying-soybeansinvading-homeswide-variety-cropscurious-reunionarachnid-kindstalkingcapturingassassinating-stink-bugsgamegorgeous-wheel-bug-nymphscluster-near-eggsventuring-offfirst-victimtrue-bug-clanbed-bugsleaf-footed-bugsnefarious-brown-marmorated-stink-bugpredictedstruggleprotect-cropsprevent-stinky-invadersoverlookeating-mechanismbusiness-endpowerful-beakfront-legscautiously-approachesembracesimpalespumps-strong-digestive-enzymesliquefy-body-tissuesslurpslarvaetens-to-more-than-one-hundredplant-hoppersaphidsincrease-in-populationsstink-bug-laden-nurserycurious-ironyoutbreakbeneficial-wheel-bugsiNaturalist-taxonrankpreferred-common-nameobservations-count399Wikipedia-summarykingdomphylumclassorderfamilygenusGBIF-taxonomy-matchmatched-scientific-namecanonical-namestatusacceptedmatch-typeexactdistribution-recordsauthorshipspecific-epithetclassificationeukaryotanomotettix-cristatusauthoritybasionymgroupgrasshoppers-crickets-katydidsspeciesinstructionsfill-all-fieldsavailable-knowledgefield-cannot-be-supportedreturn-nullNOT-repeat-informationeach-section-focuseduseful-detailschemataxon-recordentomology-guideaccurateconservativeinformativefactual-correctnesscompletenessclarityverbosityusefulnessCRITICAL-RULESinformation-not-clearly-supportedNOT-infer-species-level-traitshigher-taxaexplicitly-justifiedNOT-repeat-same-informationmultiple-fieldsunique-non-overlapping-contentvague-generalizationslike-most-insectstypically-feeds-on-plantscautious-languagehas-been-observedis-known-toNOT-fabricatebehaviorsdietlife-cycle-detailshost-relationshipsFIELD-INTENTsummaryhigh-level-overview3-5-sentencesappearancephysical-description-onlyidentificationdistinguish-from-similar-taxahabitatenvironment-conditionsdistributiongeographic-range-onlyseasonalitytiming-of-activityfeeding-habitsnull-if-unknowndevelopmental-stagesbehaviornotable-actions-or-habitsecologicalRolerole-in-ecosystemhumanRelevanceinteraction-with-humanssimilarTaxamust-include-reasonmisconceptionsonly-if-meaningfulextraDetailsimportant-additional-contextSTYLE-RULESclear-direct-sentencesavoid-fluff-filler-languagerepeating-taxonomy-in-proseoverly-technical-jargonconcrete-statementsabstract-descriptionsQUALITY-RULEScompleteness-highmost-fields-well-supportedcompleteness-mediumpartial-but-reliablecompleteness-lowsparse-datahasInferredContenttrue-ONLY-if-generalization-usedotherwise-falseOUTPUT-FORMATstrictly-match-JSON-schemano-extra-fieldsno-commentary-outside-JSONwater-associatedthree-subspeciesN.-c.-cristatusN.-c.-compressusN.-c.-floridanussmall-size399-observationsexact-matchmedium-completenessno-inferred-contentfactual-correctness-prioritizedconservative-approachinformative-contentno-fluffno-vague-generalizationscautious-language-where-neededno-fabricationunique-field-contentfocused-sectionsJSON-schema-complianceno-commentaryOreoneta
A genus of dwarf spiders (family Linyphiidae) established in 1894, comprising approximately 30 species distributed across cold-temperate and Arctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Most species inhabit high-latitude or high-altitude environments. The genus was revised extensively by Saaristo & Marusik in 2004, resulting in numerous new species descriptions.
ArachnidaAraneaeLinyphiidaedwarf-spiderArcticborealHolarctictundramontanepredatorcold-adaptedground-dwellinghigh-latitudehigh-altitudeSaaristoMarusikChyzerKulczyński18942004-revisiongenitalic-charactersepigynumembolusconductorpalaearcticnearcticEurasiaNorth-AmericaScandinaviaSiberiaAlaskaCanadaGreenlandKazakhstanMongoliaChinaKurile-IslandsFinlandSwedenNorwayGermanySwitzerlandItalySlovakiaBulgariaCentral-Europetype-species:-Oreoneta-frigidathirty-species30-speciessmall-spidersheet-web-weavermoney-spiderLinyphiinaeErigoninaemicrohabitatlitter-dwellingcrypticunderstudiedtaxonomic-revisionmorphological-taxonomylight-microscopyspecies-descriptionbiogeographyglacial-refugiapost-glacial-colonizationendemicregional-endemicalpine-endemicArctic-endemicboreal-foresttaigarocky-habitatmeadowwetlandstream-marginsnowbedfellfieldheathmosslichenvegetationsoil-surfacestonerockboulderscreetalusdebrishumusorganic-layerpermafrostpolarsubpolarcold-stenothermstenothermstenotopichabitat-specialistconservationraredata-deficientIUCNred-listnatural-historysystematicsphylogenymolecular-systematicsDNA-barcodingCOIcytochrome-oxidase28S18SITSmorphologytaxonomyalpha-taxonomyrevisionmonographfaunisticschorologyzoogeographydispersalvicariancespeciationcryptic-speciesspecies-complexspecies-groupspecies-aggregatesubspeciesinfraspecificvariationpolymorphismsexual-dimorphismmalefemalejuvenileinstarecdysismoltingdevelopmentgrowthreproductionmatingcourtshipsperm-transferspermatophorepedipalppalpal-organcopulatory-organgenitaliaepigynevulvaspermathecafertilization-ductcopulatory-ductatriumscapemacerationdissectionmicroscopestereomicroscopecompound-microscopeillustrationdrawingphotographySEMscanning-electron-microscopyhabitusdorsalventrallateralprosomaopisthosomaabdomencephalothoraxcarapacesternumchelicerafanglegtarsusmetatarsustibiapatellafemurcoxatrochanterspinneretcolulustracheal-spiraclebook-lungcuticlesetahairspinemacrosetasensillumchaetotaxyeyeoculusocellianterior-median-eyeposterior-median-eyeanterior-lateral-eyeposterior-lateral-eyeeye-tubercleclypeusfoveapedicelwaistconstrictioncolorpatternpigmentationmelanismalbinismsizemeasurementtotal-lengthcarapace-lengthcarapace-widthabdomen-lengthleg-lengthleg-formulaindexratioproportionallometryontogenysubadultadultmaturitysexual-maturityreproductive-maturitylongevitylife-spangeneration-timevoltinismunivoltinesemivoltinebiennialperennialoverwinteringdiapausequiescencecold-hardinessfreeze-tolerancefreeze-avoidancesupercoolingcryoprotectantglycerolsorbitoltrehalosethermal-biologythermoregulationbehavioral-thermoregulationpostural-thermoregulationactivitydiurnalnocturnalcrepuscularmatutinalvespertinecircadianrhythmseasonalphenologycalendardatemonthactivity-periodbreeding-seasonovipositioneggegg-saccocoonsilkwebsheet-webtangle-webspace-webplatform-webdome-webbowl-webfunnelretreatsignal-linedraglineattachment-discampullate-glandcylindriform-glandaciniform-glandaggregate-glandflagelliform-glandtubuliform-glandpiriform-glandmajor-ampullateminor-ampullatesilk-proteinspidroinfibroinsericingluevisciddrycapture-silkdragline-silksafety-lineanchor-lineframe-lineradial-linespiral-linesticky-spiralnon-sticky-spiralhubperimetersubstratenicheguildfunctional-grouptrophic-levelcarnivorezoophagearthropodivoreinsectivorepreycaptureattacksubdueimmobilizekillfeeddigestextraoral-digestionsucking-stomachgutmidguthindgutMalpighian-tubuleexcretionosmoregulationmetabolismrespirationtracheaspiraclegas-exchangecirculationhemolymphheartaortasinusnervous-systembrainganglionnervesensory-organmechanoreceptorchemoreceptorthermoreceptorhygroreceptorphotoreceptorproprioceptortrichobothriumtarsal-organslit-sensillumlyriform-organpedipalp-organHaller's-organcontact-chemoreceptorgustatoryolfactorypheromonesemiochemicalkairomoneallomonesynomonecommunicationsignalvibrationseismicairbornevisualchemicaltactilecopulationinseminationspermspermatozoonmedian-apophysisterminal-apophysisparacymbiumcymbiumbulbustegulumsubtegulumradixlamellaprocessapophysisflangehookcoilspiralductreservoirscleriteplatefieldfossapocketreceptaculumspermathecaeglandinsemination-ductuterusuterus-externusuterus-internusvaginagonoporeovipositorovaryoviductfolliclevitellogenesisoogenesisspermatogenesistestisvas-deferensejaculatory-ductseminal-vesiclefecundityfertilityclutch-sizeegg-numberhatchingemergenceballooningaerial-dispersalsilk-draglinegossamermigrationmovementwalkingrunningjumpingclimbingburrowinghidingrefugeshelterdefensepredationpredator-avoidanceantipredatorcrypsiscamouflagemimicryaposematismdeimaticthanatosisautotomyleg-lossregenerationinjurywoundhealingimmune-responsehemocytemelanizationencapsulationnoduleparasiteparasitoidpathogenfungusbacteriumvirusnematodemitegroomingcleaninghygieneself-maintenancesilk-useweb-useprey-captureforaginghuntingambushsit-and-waitactive-huntingsearchingprobingtestingexplorationlearningmemorycognitionbehaviorethologyecologypopulationcommunityecosystembiomebiospherehabitatenvironmentabioticbioticfactortemperaturehumiditymoistureprecipitationrainsnowwindlightphotoperiodday-lengthradiationUVsoilcovercomplexityheterogeneityproductivityenergynutrientcarbonnitrogenphosphorusfood-webtrophic-interactionpredator-preycompetitionintraspecificinterspecificresourcepartitioningcoexistencediversityrichnessevennessabundancedensityfrequencyoccurrencepresenceabsencedetectionsamplingcollectionpitfall-trapquadrattransecthand-collectingbeatingsiftingextractionBerleseTullgrenWinklerflotationsortingpreservationethanolformalinmountslidelabelcatalogdatabaserepositorymuseumvouchertypeholotypeparatypesyntypelectotypeparalectotypeneotypetopotypeoriginaldatalocalitygeoreferencecoordinatelatitudelongitudeelevationaltitudedepthcollectordeterminationidentificationexpertspecialistliteraturepublicationjournalarticlepaperbookthesisdissertationreportchecklistonlinedigitalarchivebibliographyreferencecitationauthoryearvolumepagefiguremaptableappendixsupplementarymaterialmethodsresultsdiscussionconclusionabstractkeywordindex-termsubjecttopicdisciplinesciencebiologyzoologyarachnologyentomologyevolutionphylogeneticsbiologicalnatureprotectionmanagementpolicylegislationrestorationmonitoringassessmentindicatorflagshipumbrellakeystoneengineerservicefunctiondynamicsstabilityresilienceresistancerecoverysuccessiondisturbanceclimatechangewarmingglacierrangeshiftexpansioncontractionfragmentationisolationconnectivitycorridornetworkreserveparkprotectedareawildernessurbanruralagriculturalforestryminingimpactthreatriskvulnerabilitysensitivityexposureadaptivecapacitymitigationadaptationsustainableuseharvesttradeeconomymedicineresearcheducationoutreachcitizenengagementawarenessappreciationaestheticculturalspiritualexistencevalueintrinsicinstrumentalutilitariananthropocentricbiocentricecocentricethicphilosophyhistorydiscoveryexpeditionvoyagesurveyinventoryfaunabiotabiodiversitylifeearthplanetwildlifeanimalinvertebratearthropodcheliceratearachnidspideraraneomorphentelegynemicryphantidOreoneta2004frigidatype-speciesalpinefeedingtype-specimenclimate-changeprotected-areaPentodontini
rhinoceros beetles
Pentodontini is the most diverse tribe within the subfamily Dynastinae (rhinoceros beetles), containing over 100 genera distributed across multiple biogeographic regions. Most genera are restricted to a single biogeographic region. The tribe is characterized by substantial morphological diversity, with generic-level identification often relying on mouthpart morphology in females and secondary sexual characters (horns, claw modifications, antennal club length) in males.
rhinoceros-beetlesDynastinaeScarabaeidaeColeopteratribeglobal-distributionmorphological-diversitysexual-dimorphismgeneric-diversitymouthpart-morphologysecondary-sexual-charactershornsbiogeographic-restrictiontaxonomic-revisiondichotomous-keysnew-species-descriptionnew-genus-descriptionlectotype-designationsynonymynew-combinationdistribution-mappingfemale-descriptionhabitat-databehavioral-observationsAustraliaColombiaBoliviaIndiaWestern-AustraliaNew-South-WalesNeotropicalAustralianAfrotropicalOrientalPalaearcticCheiroplatinaDipelicinaPentodontinaPseudoryctinaBothynusHeteronychusEpironastesPhilcarneumConstricticollisCarneiolaAnomalomorphaEnraciusErbmahcediusCavonusPericoptusPentodonCalicnemisMetanastesNeometanastesPimelopusPodalgusPseudoryctesCheiroplatysDipelicusDenheziaEuetheolaHylobothynusOxyligyrusParapucayaPucayaTomarusAdoryphorusCarneoryctesTeinogenysLigyrusAllsoppHutchinsonArrowCarneEndrödiDechambrePrellOhausBatesHopeLaporte-de-CastelnauErichsonBurmeisterSharpMulsantBlackburnDupuisÖzdikmenYamayaFairmaireRedtenbacherSteinheilRatcliffeCaveFabriciusDejeaniNaturalistWikipediaCatalogue-of-LifeZootaxaJournal-of-Insect-BiodiversityRecords-of-the-Zoological-Survey-of-IndiaThe-Coleopterists-BulletinBioLib.czWikimedia-CommonsDOI10.11646/zootaxa.4048.4.110.11646/zootaxa.4852.4.210.11646/zootaxa.5351.3.210.26515/rzsi/v125/i2s/2025/17296410.11646/zootaxa.5716.4.710.11646/zootaxa.5072.5.210.11646/zootaxa.4852.4.310.12976/jib/2024.54.2.210.1649/1186.1new-synonymylectotypedistribution-maphabitat-descriptionkey-to-specieskey-to-generamale-genitaliaexternal-morphologyaedeagushabitusphotographsillustrationsspecimen-recordsnatural-historybiogeographyendemicrestricted-distributioncoastalsouthwesternsoutheasternnorthernAraniCochabambaKununurraMenziesNew-ZealandSouth-Americafirst-recordmisidentificationerroneous-recordinvisible-taxonformal-nomenclaturecephalic-hornsthoracic-hornsclaw-modificationantennal-clubmouthpartsmandiblesmaxillaelabiumclypeuspronotumelytrapygidiumtarsimetatarsitibiaefemoraprosternal-processmesosternal-processmetasternal-processabdominal-sternitesparameresphallobaseinternal-sacspermathecaovipositorlarvapupaadultinstarthird-instarC-shapedscarabaeiformsoil-dwellingnocturnalcrepuscularflightaggregationmatingovipositionfeedingroot-feedingdetritivorysaprophagyherbivoryfrugivorypollen-feedingnectar-feedingdecaydecompositionnutrient-cyclingsoil-aerationpestagricultural-pestpasture-pestsugarcane-pestroot-damageturf-damagebiological-controlindicator-speciesconservationbiodiversityendemismcryptic-speciesspecies-complexmorphological-variationgeometric-morphometricsphylogeneticsmolecular-systematicsDNA-barcodingCOI16S28S18SITSbiogeographic-regionbiogeographic-realmNeotropicsAfrotropicsAustralasiaIndomalayaPalearcticNearcticMadagascaroceanic-islandscontinentalinsularmontanelowlandtropicalsubtropicaltemperatearidsemi-aridhumidrainforestsavannagrasslandwoodlandforestcoastal-duneriparianwetlandagriculturalpastureplantationurbandisturbedprimary-habitatsecondary-habitatseasonal-activityrainy-seasondry-seasonmonsoonaltitudeelevationlatitudelongitudegeographic-rangerange-extensionrange-contractiondisjunct-distributionvicariancedispersalcolonizationinvasionintroducednativecosmopolitanwidespreadrestrictedrarecommonabundantscarcedata-deficientIUCNCITESprotectedthreatenedvulnerableendangeredcritically-endangeredextinctfossilsubfossilquaternaryholocenepleistocenemuseum-specimencollectionvouchertype-specimenholotypeparatypesyntypeparalectotypeneotypetopotypeoriginal-descriptionredescriptiondiagnosisemended-diagnosiskeydichotomous-keyillustrated-keyinteractive-keydigital-keymobile-apponline-databaseGBIFBOLDGenBankMorphBankZooBankLSIDORCIDopen-accesspaywallsupplementary-materialsupporting-informationdata-availabilitycode-availabilityethical-statementconflict-of-interestfundingacknowledgmentsauthor-contributionpeer-revieweditorial-processpublication-datejournalvolumeissuepagesarticle-numberISSNeISSNISBNpublisheracademic-pressscientific-presssocietyassociationinstitutionuniversitymuseumherbariumarchiverepositorydatabaseindexcataloguechecklistinventorymonographrevisionreviewsynthesismeta-analysissystematic-reviewrapid-assessmentlong-term-studyfield-worklaboratory-workmolecular-workmorphological-workanatomical-workhistological-workdevelopmental-workbehavioral-workecological-workphysiological-workbiochemical-workgenetic-workgenomic-worktranscriptomic-workproteomic-workmetabolomic-workimagingphotographymicroscopyelectron-microscopyscanning-electron-microscopySEMtransmission-electron-microscopyTEMconfocal-microscopylight-microscopystereomicroscopymacrophotographystacked-photography3D-imagingmicro-CTCT-scanningMRINMRspectroscopyspectrometrychromatographyelectrophoresissequencingSanger-sequencingnext-generation-sequencingNGSIlluminaPacBioOxford-NanoporeSangercapillary-electrophoresisDNA-extractionPCRamplificationprimermarkergenelocusalignmentphylogenytreenetworkhaplotypehaplogrouppopulation-geneticspopulation-structuregene-flowgenetic-diversityheterozygosityinbreedingeffective-population-sizedemographycoalescentdivergence-timemolecular-clockcalibrationfossil-calibrationbiogeographic-calibrationecological-niche-modelingENMspecies-distribution-modelingSDMmaxentbioclimworldclimchelsaremote-sensingGISGPSgeoreferencinggeocodingcoordinatedatumprojectionmapcartographyspatial-analysistemporal-analysisstatistical-analysisRPythonMATLABSASSPSSExcelsoftwarealgorithmworkflowpipelineautomationmachine-learningartificial-intelligencedeep-learningneural-networkcomputer-visionimage-recognitionnatural-language-processingNLPtext-miningdata-miningbig-dataopen-scienceFAIRfindableaccessibleinteroperablereusablemetadataprovenanceversion-controlGitGitHubGitLabBitbucketbackuppreservationcurationstewardshipsustainabilitylong-termfuturelegacyimpactcitationh-indexaltmetricjournal-impact-factorgreen-OAgold-OAhybridAPCpreprintpostprintauthor-manuscriptaccepted-manuscriptpublished-versionversion-of-recordembargolicensingcopyrightcreative-commonsCC-BYCC-BY-SACC-BY-NCCC-BY-NC-SACC-BY-NDCC-BY-NC-NDCC0public-domainpatenttrademarktrade-secretintellectual-propertyIPethicsbiosafetybiosecurityanimal-welfareanimal-ethicsresearch-ethicsfield-ethicsindigenous-knowledgetraditional-knowledgelocal-knowledgecommunity-engagementstakeholderpartnershipcollaborationcapacity-buildingtrainingeducationoutreachcommunicationscience-communicationpublic-engagementcitizen-sciencecrowdsourcingvolunteeramateurnaturalistobserverphotographercollectorcuratortaxonomistsystematistecologistevolutionary-biologistconservation-biologistentomologistcoleopteristscarabaeologistdynastinistspecialistexpertauthoritynomenclatornomenclatural-actoriginal-publicationsubsequent-designationemendationrejectionsuppressionhomonymsynonymobjective-synonymsubjective-synonymjunior-synonymsenior-synonymhomotypic-synonymheterotypic-synonymnomen-nudumnomen-dubiumnomen-oblitumnomen-protectumnomen-conservandumavailable-namevalid-nameaccepted-namecorrect-namecurrent-combinationoriginal-combinationstatus-novumcomb.-nov.syn.-nov.sp.-nov.gen.-nov.subgen.-nov.subsp.-nov.nom.-nov.nom.-nud.nom.-dub.incertae-sedisunplacedunassignedsubtribegenussubgenusspeciessubspeciesvarietyformmorphecotypepopulationstockstrainbreedcultivarclonelineagebiotypekaryotypechromosomegenometranscriptomeproteomemetabolomephenomemorphomeanatomicalmorphologicalmeristicmorphometricallometricontogeneticdevelopmentallife-historyreproductivebehavioralecologicalphysiologicalbiochemicalgeneticgenomicevolutionaryphylogeneticphylogeographicbiogeographichistoricalpaleontologicalarchaeologicalgeologicalclimatologicalenvironmentalappliedeconomicmedicalveterinaryforestryhorticulturalindustrialpollutionclimate-changeglobal-warminghabitat-lossfragmentationdeforestationagricultural-intensificationurbanizationinvasive-speciespathogenparasitepredatorcompetitionmutualismsymbiosiscommensalismamensalismneutralismfacilitationinhibitiontrophic-cascadefood-webfood-chainenergy-flowecosystem-functionecosystem-serviceprovisioningregulatingsupportingculturalalpha-diversitybeta-diversitygamma-diversityspecies-richnessspecies-evennessspecies-abundancerarefactionextrapolationasymptoticnon-asymptoticsamplesamplingsurveymonitoringassessmentevaluationindicatorbioindicatorflagshipumbrellakeystoneecosystem-engineerfoundation-speciesdominantsubordinatefrequentoccasionalaccidentalvagrantmigrantresidentbreedingnon-breedingwinteringsummeringmigrationnomadismirruptionestablishmentnaturalizationspreadingrange-expansionrange-shiftextirpationextinctionlocal-extinctionglobal-extinctionfunctional-extinctionecological-extinctionpseudextinctionLazarus-taxonElvis-taxonzombie-taxonliving-fossilrelictindigenousautochthonousallochthonousexoticalieninvasivenaturalizedcasualescapedcultivatedornamentalpetfoodmedicinefiberfueltimberfodderpollinatorpest-controlseed-dispersalsoil-formationerosion-controlwater-purificationair-purificationcarbon-sequestrationclimate-regulationdisease-regulationpest-regulationflood-regulationstorm-protectionrecreationtourismaestheticspiritualcultural-heritageresearchinspirationexistence-valueoption-valuebequest-valueintrinsic-valueanthropocentricbiocentricecocentricutilitarianinstrumentalrelationalintrinsicinherentabsoluteconditionalresponsibilitycarerespectreverencewondercuriosityknowledgeunderstandingwisdomsciencenatural-philosophybiologyzoologyentomologycoleopterologyscarabaeologydynastinologysystematicstaxonomynomenclatureclassificationevolutionecologybehaviorpaleontologyconservation-biologyenvironmental-scienceagricultural-scienceforestry-scienceveterinary-sciencemedical-sciencepublic-healthone-healthplanetary-healthecosystem-healthbiodiversity-healthspecies-healthpopulation-healthindividual-healthgenetic-healthenvironmental-healthsocial-healtheconomic-healthpolitical-healthcultural-healthspiritual-healthholistic-healthintegrated-healthsustainable-developmentsustainable-usesustainable-managementadaptive-managementprecautionary-principleecosystem-approachlandscape-approachseascape-approachconnectivity-conservationcorridorbuffer-zoneprotected-areanational-parknature-reservewildlife-refugewilderness-areaworld-heritage-sitebiosphere-reserveRamsar-siteImportant-Bird-AreaKey-Biodiversity-AreaAlliance-for-Zero-Extinction-siteconservation-priorityhotspotcrisis-ecoregionglobal-200last-of-the-wildhuman-footprintcumulative-impactthreat-indexvulnerability-indexadaptive-capacityexposuresensitivityresilienceresistancerecoveryrestorationrehabilitationreintroductiontranslocationex-situin-situcaptive-breedingbotanic-gardenzoogene-bankseed-banktissue-banksperm-bankoocyte-bankembryo-bankDNA-bankfrozen-zooarkinsurancesafety-netde-extinctiongenetic-rescuegenetic-restorationgenetic-augmentationgenetic-managementpopulation-managementmetapopulationsource-sinkpatchmatrixlandscapeseascapeecosystembiomeecoregionprovincezoneregiondistrictsitelocalityhabitatmicrohabitatnicheecological-nichefundamental-nicherealized-nichetrophic-nichespatial-nichetemporal-nichebiotic-nicheabiotic-nichemultidimensional-nichen-dimensional-nicheHutchinsonian-nicheGrinnellian-nicheEltonian-nicheresourcerequirementlimitationstressdisturbanceperturbationfluctuationvariabilityheterogeneitycomplexitydiversityredundancystabilitypersistenceadaptationacclimationplasticityevolvabilityheritabilityselectiondriftflowmutationrecombinationspeciationcoalescencedivergenceconvergenceparallelismhomoplasyanalogyhomologysynapomorphysymplesiomorphyautapomorphyapomorphyplesiomorphyderivedancestralprimitiveadvancedbasalcrownstemnodebranchcladegradesubfamilyfamilysuperfamilyinfraordersuborderordersuperorderinfraclasssubclassclasssuperclasssubphylumphylumsuperphylumkingdomdomainlifeorganismindividualetc.Plectrocnemia
tube maker caddisflies
Plectrocnemia is a genus of tube maker caddisflies in the family Polycentropodidae comprising more than 120 described species. Larvae are aquatic predators that construct silken capture nets to intercept prey. The genus has been extensively studied for its larval silk production, vibration-mediated predatory behavior, and population genetics. Species occur across Europe and into western Asia, with detailed biological information available for several well-studied species including P. conspersa and P. brevis.
Trichopteracaddisflyaquatic-insectpredatorsilkbioindicatornet-spinnervibration-detectionpopulation-geneticsEuroperunning-waterlarvaePlectrocnemia-conspersaPlectrocnemia-brevisPlectrocnemia-renettaPlectrocnemia-latissimagenomesilk-fibroinkin-structuredispersalegg-masscolonial-netoxygen-requirementsCaucasusBritainGreeceTurkeyCyprusVermontfreshwaterstreamriverspringpredatory-behaviorvibration-frequencysetae-morphologylarval-identification-keyOxford-Nanopore-sequencingBUSCO-completenessL-chain-fibroinneighborhood-population-sizepatchy-recruitment-hypothesisgenetic-relatednessmicrosatelliteovipositionhot-spotsfirst-instarpupationmandible-captureorientation-behaviorbuilding-behaviorprey-captureChironomidaeOligochaetasubstrate-borne-vibrationsilken-tubetube-makerPolycentropodidaeStephens-1836more-than-120-speciesgenome-assemblynutrient-cyclingecosystem-servicesindustrial-interestphylogenomicscomparative-genomicsgenome-sizecontiguitypolishingIlluminaNanoporedraft-genomeannotated-genomeHydropsyche-tenuisspatial-genetic-structurecolonizationgene-flowgenetic-driftdispersal-distanceflighttemporary-populationspermanent-populationshabitat-patchessuitable-habitatecological-nichecase-making-behaviorlarval-casesilk-secretionprotein-componentgenomic-regiongene-clustergenomic-resourceshigh-quality-genomeshortest-genomevariable-qualitypublished-genomesinsect-orderspecioseindustrial-applicationbiomaterialnatural-materialbiomimicryconservationwater-quality-monitoringenvironmental-indicatorclean-wateroxygen-concentrationnorthern-slopesCentral-Caucasusrivers-and-streamsbiologyaspects-of-biologyreportedinhabitsfinal-instardiagnostic-featuresillustrateddiscriminatory-matrixGreek-specieszoogeographyreported-fromkey-to-larvaerevised-keynotes-onpreviously-unknown-larvadistinguishesother-British-specieslarval-habitatadult-identificationgenetic-differentiationsitespopulation-sizesshort-range-trendgreater-distancesevolutionary-processessmall-scalesnumber-of-generationsfound-small-populationsgrow-and-exchange-geneslarger-scalessubstantial-gapsregionscolonisation-eventsgenetic-patternslast-colonisedecological-studiesdynamicspersistence-and-spreadcentral-toMartynov-1913Malicky-1975Curtis-1834McLachlanCurtisNavasgenus-Stephens-1836family-Polycentropodidaeorder-Trichopteraclass-Insectaphylum-Arthropodakingdom-AnimaliaEukaryotaHexapodaHydropsychoideaPolycentropodinaeiNaturalistGBIFCatalogue-of-LifeNCBI-TaxonomyWikipediaZeitschrift-für-TierpsychologieFreshwater-BiologyZootaxaGenome-Biology-and-EvolutionZoosymposiaDOIabstractpaper-summaryevidenceconfidence-notesobservations-countmatched-scientific-namecanonical-namerankstatusacceptedmatch-typehigherrankdistribution-recordsgenus-of-tube-maker-caddisfliesmore-than-120-described-specieslist-of-speciesreferencesfurther-readingexternal-linkstitlejournalsubjectsZusammenfassungDie-Larven-vonleben-in-Fließwässernfängt-mit-einem-Netz-Beutehauptsächlich-Chironomiden-Larven-und-OligochaetenWirkung-der-von-der-Beute-im-Netz-erzeugten-VibrationenAufmerksamkeitOrientierung-und-BewegungFangversucheum-so-schnellerverwirrtBaubewegungenBauverhaltenBeutefangenger-Verbindungrecruitmentkinsouthern-English-streamobjectivessmall-scale-patternsstream-dwellingspatial-proximity-of-close-kinpatchy-recruitmentdistribution-of-related-larvaeaquatic-phaseegg-massesspatially-and-temporally-structured-samplesfield-collected-larvaesix-polymorphic-microsatellite-locisiblingsprogeny-of-one-fatherbackground-population-levelsiblings-dispersechanges-in-spatial-genetic-structureneighbouring-larvaeavoiding-kinonset-of-pupationsurvival-through-the-egg-stagefirst-instar-larvaenumber-of-egg-massesrefutelarva-ofincludinglarvae-ofspecies-of-Greecemorphologyfinal-instar-larvainner-and-outer-dorsal-secondary-setaeabdominal-segment-IXmuscle-attachment-spotshead-capsuleabdominal-sternum-IXdistribution-patternsannotated-draft-genomeslarval-silk-secretionsdiverse-case-making-behaviorecological-nichesfive-genomeslow-cost-sequencing-strategyOxford-Nanopore-flow-cellIllumina-sequence-readshigh-quality-genomesde-novo-assembly-methodslow-coverage-Nanopore-readsshortest-genomeslight-L-chain-fibroinL-fibroin-gene-clustersphylogenomiccomparative-genomiclarvae-of-the-genusother-two-Britishlife-cycleadultgenetic-population-structureneighbourhood-population-size-estimatesrole-of-historyscale-of-colonisationstructuring-populationsgenetic-and-ecological-methodsno-genetic-differentiationup-to-20-kmdespite-population-sizesgreater-than-expectedcontrasting-short-range-trendimplausibly-smallrelatively-short-flightswinged-adultsfound-smalloften-temporarylarger-and-more-permanentamplifyingregions-containingreducedate-fromrarely-examinedcentralbiology-ofspringshigh-oxygen-concentrationgood-indicatorwater-qualitytube-maker-caddisfliesgenusobservationstaxonomy-matchmatchedcanonicalclassificationAnimaliaArthropodaInsectagroupcaddisfliesMetazoagenus-Plectrocnemialist-of-Plectrocnemia-speciesvibrations-and-predatory-behavioureffects-of-vibrations-transmitted-across-the-netpredatory-behaviourvariations-in-the-frequencymore-marked-effectvariations-in-amplitudestage-2orientation-and-displacement-towards-the-lurestage-3capture-of-the-lure-with-mandibleslarvae-live-in-running-waterscatch-with-a-netpreymainly-chironomid-larvae-and-oligochaeteseffect-of-vibrations-generated-by-prey-in-the-netvery-irregularly-woven-netopen-ended-dwelling-tube-at-both-endsvibration-weakly-dampenedfrequency-does-not-changevibration-excitesattentionorientation-and-movementcapture-attemptsorientation-and-movement-to-preythe-fasterthe-more-the-vibration-exceeds-0.28-Hzfrequencies-of-0.15-to-0.28-Hzlead-to-incomplete-reactionsas-if-the-larvae-were-confusedfrequencies-below-0.075-Hzgenerate-building-movementsbuilding-behavior-instead-of-prey-captureclosely-connectedrecruitment-kin-and-spatial-genetic-structureoviposition-and-genetic-relatednessstream-dwelling-caddisbeginning-of-the-aquatic-phasefour-sample-dateswithin-one-generationmean-relatedness-coefficientwithin-reared-egg-massesdiffered-significantlypopulation-as-a-wholemarkers-sufficiently-powerfulidentify-groups-of-siblingssmall-contribution-from-a-second-malemean-relatedness-within-spatially-structured-groupsdid-not-differ-from-backgroundsiblings-disperse-away-from-each-otherkin-structure-does-not-persistchanges-in-spatial-genetic-structure-late-in-larval-lifeneighbouring-larvae-less-closely-relatedapproaching-onset-of-pupationsurvival-through-egg-stage-and-early-larval-lifevery-highgreater-than-50%non-social-insectconsequence-of-colonial-netbriefly-occupied-by-first-instar-larvaelack-of-spatial-genetic-structurehigh-survivalrefute-patchy-recruitment-hypothesislarva-of-Plectrocnemia-renettaincluding-discriminatory-matrixlarvae-of-Plectrocnemia-Stephens-1836-species-of-Greecemorphology-of-final-instar-larvamost-important-diagnostic-features-illustratedpreliminary-discriminatory-matrixstrongly-different-in-lengthseparated-from-each-othermuscle-attachment-spots-on-head-capsulenumber-and-length-of-setae-on-abdominal-sternum-IXreported-from-Cyprus-Turkey-Greek-islandsexploit-wide-range-of-ecological-nichesfive-genomes-publishedvariable-qualitiessingle-Oxford-Nanopore-flow-cellde-novo-assembly-methods-comparedassembly-of-low-coverage-Nanopore-readssubsequent-polishingyielded-highest-genome-qualitycontiguity-and-BUSCO-completenessshortest-genomes-to-dateextend-knowledge-of-genome-sizegenomic-region-encodes-for-light-L-chain-fibroinprotein-component-of-larval-caddisfly-silkidentified-and-comparednew-genomic-resourcesamong-highest-quality-Trichoptera-genomesincrease-knowledgebasis-for-phylogenomic-and-comparative-genomic-studiesrevised-key-to-larvaedistinguishes-previously-unknown-larvaother-two-British-speciesnotes-on-larval-habitat-life-cycle-and-identification-of-adultgenetic-population-structure-and-neighbourhood-population-size-estimatesrole-of-history-and-scale-of-colonisationno-genetic-differentiation-between-sites-up-to-20-kmdespite-population-sizes-suggesting-genetic-driftgenetic-differentiation-between-populations-separated-by-more-than-20-kmneighbourhood-population-size-implausibly-smallevolutionary-processes-do-not-explain-differentiationrelatively-short-flights-by-winged-adultsspread-over-number-of-generationsfound-small-often-temporary-populationsgrow-and-exchange-genes-with-larger-permanent-local-populationsamplify-effects-of-initial-gene-flowsubstantial-gaps-between-regions-containing-suitable-habitat-patchesreduce-number-of-colonisation-eventsgenetic-patterns-may-date-from-time-last-colonisedecological-studies-rarely-examined-dynamics-over-larger-geographical-scalescentral-to-persistence-and-spreadbiology-of-Plectrocnemia-latissimarivers-and-streams-of-Central-Caucasus-northern-slopessprings-streams-and-riversrequires-high-oxygen-concentrationgood-indicator-of-water-qualityaspects-of-biology-reportedWikipedia-summaryrank-GENUSstatus-ACCEPTEDmatch-type-HIGHERRANKdistribution-records-DK-NO-SE-Vermont-US-USscientific-nameauthorship-Stephens-1836classification-Eukaryota-Animalia-Arthropoda-Hexapoda-Insecta-Trichoptera-Hydropsychoidea-Polycentropodidae-Polycentropodinae-Plectrocnemiascientific-name-Plectrocnemiagroup-caddisflieskingdom-Metazoainstructionsfill-all-fieldsif-a-field-cannot-be-supported-return-nulldo-not-repeat-information-across-fieldskeep-each-section-focused-on-its-purposeprovide-useful-detail-where-possiblecritical-rulesfactual-correctness-over-completenessclarity-over-verbosityusefulness-over-speculationif-information-is-not-clearly-supported-return-nulldo-not-infer-species-level-traits-from-higher-taxa-unless-explicitly-justifieddo-not-repeat-the-same-information-across-multiple-fieldseach-field-must-contain-unique-non-overlapping-contentavoid-vague-generalizationslike-most-insectstypically-feeds-on-plantsuse-cautious-language-when-necessaryhas-been-observedis-known-todo-not-fabricatebehaviorsdietlife-cycle-detailshost-relationshipsfield-intentsummary-high-level-overview-3-5-sentencesappearance-physical-description-onlyidentification-how-to-distinguish-it-from-similar-taxahabitat-environment-and-conditionsdistribution-geographic-range-onlyseasonality-timing-of-activitydiet-feeding-habits-null-if-unknownlifeCycle-developmental-stagesbehavior-notable-actions-or-habitsecologicalRole-role-in-ecosystemhumanRelevance-interaction-with-humanssimilarTaxa-must-include-reasonmisconceptions-only-if-meaningfulextraDetails-only-for-important-additional-contextstyle-rulesuse-clear-direct-sentencesavoid-fluff-or-filler-languageavoid-repeating-taxonomy-in-proseavoid-overly-technical-jargon-unless-necessaryprefer-concrete-statements-over-abstract-descriptionsquality-rulescompleteness-high-only-if-most-fields-are-well-supportedcompleteness-medium-if-partial-but-reliablecompleteness-low-if-sparse-datahasInferredContent-true-only-if-generalization-is-usedotherwise-falseoutput-formatmust-strictly-match-provided-JSON-schemado-not-include-any-extra-fieldsdo-not-include-commentary-outside-JSONtaxon-recordusing-provided-schemaoptional-context-may-be-incompletesourcepaper-summary-evidencelimited-information-extracted-from-abstract-onlyfull-text-not-available-for-more-detailed-extractionhabitat-diet-life-cycle-reproduction-behaviors-and-ecosystem-role-not-mentioned-in-abstractdistribution-data-limited-to-abstract-level-informationfull-paper-may-contain-additional-detailsabstract-only-providedfull-text-not-availablehabitat-diet-and-ecological-details-likely-contained-in-main-paper-but-not-accessible-from-abstract-alonedistribution-limited-to-Britain-as-explicitly-statedgeneratestructured-taxon-recordsentomology-guideaccurate-conservative-informative-contentprioritizegoalproducejsonschemacontentsummaryappearanceidentificationhabitatdistributionseasonalitylifeCyclehostAssociationsbehaviorecologicalRolehumanRelevancesimilarTaxamisconceptionsextraDetailstagscompletenesshasInferredContentmetadatasourcessourceQualityextractionMethodextractionDateconfidencenotesreasonnamehighmediumlowtruefalseVibrations-and-Predatory-Behaviour-of-Plectrocnemia-Larvaevibrationsnetfrequencyamplitudeorientationcapturemandiblesrunning-watersdwelling-tubedampenedbuilding-movementsconfusedRecruitment-kin-and-the-spatial-genetic-structure-of-a-caddisfly-Plectrocnemia-conspersamicrosatellite-locisurvivalThe-larva-of-Plectrocnemia-renetta-Malicky-1975larvasetaeabdominal-segmentmuscle-attachmentIkariaSamosAnnotated-Draft-Genomes-of-Two-Caddisfly-SpeciesfibroinOxford-NanoporeBUSCOA-revised-key-to-larvae-of-the-genus-PlectrocnemiaPlectrocnemia-geniculatacolonisationdispersal-flightsstreamsrivers120-described-speciesDenmarkNorwaySwedenUnited-States204DKNOSEUStaxonomymatchkingdomphylumclassorderfamilyspecific-epithetsubspecies-epithetsubphylumsubclasssuborderinfraordertribescientific-name-authorshipsynonymscommon-namescontent-fieldsall-fieldsavailable-knowledgereturn-nullnot-supportedunique-non-overlappingfocuseduseful-detailfactualcorrectcleardirectno-fluffno-fillerno-taxonomy-repetitionno-jargonconcretehigh-completenessmedium-completenesslow-completenessno-inferred-contentstrict-JSONno-extra-fieldsno-commentaryentomologyinsectsaquaticvibrationgeneticspopulationeggpupainstaroxygenAsiaAmericaEnglandflowing-waterChironomidoligochaetecolonialrelatednesssiblingIllumina-sequencingannotatedsilk-proteincase-makingidentification-keymorphologicaldiagnosticsetal-arrangementmuscle-spotabdominal-sternumlarval-stageoviposition-sitehot-spotsurvival-ratehabitat-patchtemporary-populationpermanent-populationwinged-adultkin-avoidancerefutedwater-quality-indicatorhigh-oxygengenus-authoritytype-speciesnot-specifiedsee-alsoabstract-onlylimited-informationextractionhabitat-not-mentioneddiet-not-mentionedlife-cycle-not-mentionedreproduction-not-mentionedbehaviors-not-mentionedecosystem-role-not-mentioneddistribution-limitedabstract-levelmain-paperadditional-detailslikely-containednot-accessibleBritain-explicitly-statedlarval-stages-describeddetailed-extractionpredatorycaptures-preysilken-netssubstrate-borne-vibrationschironomid-larvaeoligochaetesfrequency-effectsamplitude-effectsorientation-stagecapture-stagenet-constructionconfused-responsesincomplete-reactionsshort-rangelong-range20-km500-kmcolonization-eventspersistencespreadorganic-mattermaterial-propertiesqualitygenome-size-variationsilk-encoding-genesprotein-componentsgene-clustersbasis-for-studiesdistinguishes-speciesBritish-speciesmorphological-characteristicstaxonomic-revisionpopulation-structureneighborhood-sizehistoryscalestructuringmethodsdifferentiationdrifttrendprocessesflightsgenerationsfoundgrowexchangeamplifygapssuitabledateexaminedrequiresindicatoraspectsnorthernslopesMartynovGreek-islandsseparated-byarrangementnumberlengthgroup-wherestrongly-differentdiagnostic-features-illustratedpreliminarymatrix-providedmorphology-ofinformation-ongivenmost-importantdiscriminatoryto-the-larvaespecies-ofpreviously-unknowndescribesthis-papereffects-of-vibrationstransmitted-acrossanalysesworkthisanalyses-the-effectsvariations-inhas-a-more-marked-effectespecially-onlive-incatch-witheffect-ofgenerated-byinvestigatedvery-irregularly-wovenopen-at-both-endsweakly-dampeneddoes-not-changeexcitesthe-moreexceedslead-toas-ifotherwisesometimes-occurssuggestsour-objectivesexaminein-particularlook-forany-evidencethereforein-order-toat-the-beginningover-foursubsequently-comparedreared-fromranged-fromindicating-thatsufficiently-powerfullikely-to-bealthoughcould-not-be-excludeddid-not-differsuggesting-thatvery-quicklydoes-not-persistindicated-thatpossibly-suggestingsome-direct-or-indirect-meanswhen-approachingour-countssuggested-thatapparently-very-highmay-be-a-consequenceall-refutealso-providedbelong-tocan-be-separatedwith-respect-tohas-been-reportedmembers-ofprovide-importantfor-exampledue-tothese-form-the-basisonly-fivepublished-thus-farwith-variable-qualitiesregardingwas-successfully-usedof-thecomparedyieldedboth-in-termsto-dateextend-our-knowledgeacrosswas-identified-and-comparedwith-existingpresented-in-this-paperare-amongwill-increaseby-serving-asfrom-larvae-ofare-given-onof-the-adultused-bothto-evaluatethere-was-nodespitegiven-theimplied-thatis-implausibly-smalldo-not-explainat-small-scalescould-account-forfor-instancemay-thenover-larger-scalescould-reducemay-date-fromhave-rarely-examinedyet-these-processesmay-be-central-tofrom-the-rivers-and-streamsaspects-ofare-reported-herecan-be-used-ashigh-level-overview3-5-sentencesphysical-description-onlyhow-to-distinguishenvironment-and-conditionsgeographic-range-onlytiming-of-activityfeeding-habitsdevelopmental-stagesnotable-actions-or-habitsrole-in-ecosysteminteraction-with-humansmust-include-reasononly-if-meaningfulonly-for-important-additional-contextclear-direct-sentencesno-fluff-or-fillerno-repeating-taxonomyno-overly-technical-jargonprefer-concretehigh-only-if-most-fields-well-supportedmedium-if-partial-but-reliablelow-if-sparse-datatrue-only-if-generalization-usedstrictly-matchno-commentary-outside-JSONgenerate-taxon-recordtaxonPlectrocnemiaoptional-contextmay-be-incompleteif-a-field-cannot-be-supportedkeep-each-section-focusedprovide-useful-detailfactual-correctnessclarityverbosityusefulnessspeculationinformation-not-clearly-supporteddo-not-infer-species-level-traitsfrom-higher-taxaunless-explicitly-justifieddo-not-repeatsame-informationmultiple-fieldseach-field-must-containunique-non-overlapping-contentuse-cautious-languageaccurateconservativeinformativestructuredrecordsscientificNamecanonicalNamescientificNameAuthorshiptaxonRankcommonNamessubfamilyspeciesEpithetsubspeciesEpithetPolistes dominula
European Paper Wasp
Polistes dominula is a highly successful invasive social wasp native to Eurasia that has established populations across North America, South America, New Zealand, South Africa, and other regions. First detected in North America near Boston in 1978, it has become one of the most abundant wasps on the continent. The species builds small, exposed paper nests in protected locations and preys primarily on live insects, particularly caterpillars. Unlike yellowjackets, it does not scavenge for meat or sugar. Its rapid spread has been attributed to ecological flexibility, superior competitive ability, and tolerance of human-altered environments.
invasive-speciessocial-wasppaper-wasppredatorpollinatorurban-ecologyeusocialnest-constructionbiological-controlthermal-biologyspatial-learningvibrational-communicationaposematismhonest-signaloverwinteringdiapausePolistesVespidaeHymenopteraNorth-AmericaEuropeNew-ZealandSouth-AfricaSouth-Americamonarch-butterflycaterpillar-predationnest-architecturegynefoundressdominance-hierarchyclimate-change-impactenergeticsmetabolic-ratemicroclimatesuburban-habitatanthropogenicornamental-pestvineyard-pestfruit-damagestinging-insectvenompoison-glandwarning-colorationZahavian-signalStrepsipteraparasitoidXenosbehavioral-plasticityforaginglearningmemorythermoregulationectothermyendothermysolar-radiationnest-temperaturebrood-developmentcolony-survivalmultiple-foundingsingle-foundingseason-lengthlatitudetemperateMediterraneanhibernacleoverwintering-costsclimate-warmingrange-expansioncompetitionnative-species-displacementbiodiversity-impactconservationmanagementcontrolintegrated-pest-managementIPMidentificationantennae-colorfacial-markingscastereproductionmalefemalesexual-dimorphismantennaeabdomenwingmandiblesalivapapercombcellpediceltrophallaxislarvapupaadultworkerqueensubordinatedominantaggressiondefensethreat-displaystingtoxicitybrightnesscolorationpredator-avoidancepreycaterpillarLepidopterabutterflymothgardenagriculturevineyardorchardurbansuburbanruralforesthabitat-preferencetemperaturemetabolismquiescencetorporsurvivalfitnesscolonynestpopulationabundancedistributionrangeexpansioninvasionestablishmentintroductionbiotic-interactiontrophic-cascadeherbivory-suppressionplant-fitnessmilkweedDanaus-plexippusmonarchNelsonTasmanecosystem-impactconservation-managementbiological-invasionecologybehaviorphysiologymorphologytaxonomysystematicsnomenclaturegender-agreementLatinChrist1791Vespa-dominulabasionymcatalogue-of-lifeGBIFiNaturalistobservationcitizen-sciencephotographyillustrationfield-guideorangeblackyellowredcolor-patternsizewing-lengthbodycompactlegsshortfacesquaretriangulardarkcurledstraightelbowedbluntpointedtipZahaviancostly-signalhuntforagenectarhoneydewaphidscale-insectflowergrapeumbelliferfennellovageinsectmeatballfeedemergechewcaphexagonalwood-fiberbarkexposedopenumbrellastalkantrepellentsubstancecoatprotectlocationeaveattictreebranchvineshrubcavitybird-boxbee-hiveshedgrave-lanternoverwintershelterprotectedthermalclimatecoldwinterspringsummerautumnfallseasonmonthdayactivitydefendthreatdisplayraisetiptoesocialdominancehierarchyreproductiveegglayfoundcooperatecompeteselfishpassive-aggressiveindividualrecognitionfacial-markingcognitionmushroom-bodybrainintelligentartistarchitectnavigationplasticityspatialrelocatingfoodresourcedishbaittrainingexperiencevibrationcommunicationsignalsubstrate-borneabdominalwaggingoscillationsecretionmodulationperceivereactmovementattentionfeedinginspectionbody-temperatureambientsolarradiationmetaboliccostenergeticexpenditureefficiencywarmingchangeimpactincreaseinvasivespreadsuccesscompetitiveabilityflexibilityadaptationreactionresponseconditionyearvariationproductivityfoundingsinglemultipleratebenefitcooperationpredationparasitismvesparumstylopidstylopizationparasitehostinfestationmiteAcariwaspflyeffectcommunitydeclineDanausplexippusmortalityinstarearlylatelargersmallervulnerableresistantdiscoverychancecontactdirectrecruitmentnestmatesitecascadingtrophiccascadeherbivorysuppressionplantgrowthproductionAsclepiasnetexclusionexperimentoutcomesuggestionstrongdetrimentalecosystemstrategymethoddevelopmentprotectionbiodiversityregionfirst2016recentestablishedexoticcongenerchinensislongercomparisonhigherlowergreatestareabuiltstructurenativeunsuccessfultranslocateunablethrivewarmerorigincontributorfactorresearchthesisinsightbehaviourknowledgedirectionaideffectivejournalpublicationDOI10.26686wgtn14538585v1UniversityWellingtonVictoriaMScstudentdissertationstudyinvestigationanalysisdatafieldresidentreportlocalindirectinteractionlevelfunctionserviceprovisionnaturalpestbiocontrolornamentaldecorativecropdamagefruitcherrywesternColoradoatleastripeningchoicepreferenceheightgroundstratamicrositeenvironmentclosedhabitatdensevegetationsurroundingbushPatagoniaArgentinaChileNWdetected2003sympatriccoexistenceoverlapminimalfacilitationbehavioralprocessinterspecificsemi-urbanpoorlystudiedspeciesHypodyneruslabiatusnewlightfindingcontributionunderstandingcollectinganthropizedhighlightimportanceconsiderationEthology10.1111eth13505abstractonlylimiteddetailfulltextrequiredcomprehensivesynthesisvibrationalwidespreadregulatecrucialconspicuousoscillatorywagstrictlyassociatedpresencesuggestedinvolvementadult-larvahypothesisshort-termtrophallacticexchangemodulatesalivarydecreaseamountpreparereceivestimulatereleaseelectro-magneticshakerassesstimerecordmeasureimmediatelyafterplaybackresultshowproducepossiblyorderattractduringneithernorsupportallegedrolelong-lastingExperimentalBiology10.1242jeb186247flexiblesystemexpandingNorthAmericacausestirfastuponexplanationpresentliteraturegoodinvadernorthernriselittleknownnestingCentralinvestigatebasicprincipleGermany49°grouponetofoursmallshorterthanothermeannewlyfounded83averagelength4.6prefer54%46%majorincreased47%single-foundresswhereas100%moretwohowevernonumbertermperobservewellthreeconsecutivegreatlydependingprecedingimplyremarkablyquicklyoutsiderapidcolderEcosphere10.1890es15-002541thermoregulatorypolistinedifferentcollectdemandbroodmainlyectothermictasklivingdifferingrevealenvironmentalinfluencewarmSoutherninfraredthermographyentireusually~20–40°CnearlylinearlythoraxwarmestpartachieveoptimalpreferablyusemodelenableevaluationendothermiceffortexhibitweakalmostconstantperformanceaboutcontrastmostlyminoravoidhighwayreduceInsects10.3390insects10070187traitstronglyComparativeB10.1007s00360-016-1041-xprovidedgallicusinsects14110849adverseweatherofferlowshelteredliveenergystoreItalyAustriadescribecalculateaccordingstandarddiffersignificantlybetween3.2±5.718.55.29variancecorrespondcloselymeteorologicalcumulativemass-specificoverperiodlowestcomparedbothacclimationcalculationup3duedramatic40%additionalexponentiallytemperature-dependentfluctuationdisproportionatelyJensen'sinequalitywoodenbirdboxemptybeehiveundergrapevinegravelanterncemeterybeginwhenexceed~18–20confidencenoteinformationinferredfromactivenotdiscussedthissourceassociationaddressedrelationshipinsects14110886thermophilicoriginatingbutnowwidelyquitesynanthropichumansettlementplacewithfavorabletypicalsidewasps'wide~20–37aboveairadvantageasacceleratespeeddidapproximately38.6managedbycoolingnear~1–2cmalwaysclearlyelevatedstationclimate-model-generatedmacroclimaterevealednecessitymeasuringforreliabledescriptioninsects'brighter-coloredpoisonglandFrontiersZoology10.11861742-9994-9-20aposmatismagainstconsistingwarningusingtoxincostlyphysicalcouldsimultaneouslyabundantstrikingsuchcaseindicateanimaltoxicalsowouldensurehonestlyexaminepositivecorrelationexistscollected30photographedthemvolumewidthremainedevencontrollingsuggestpatterntruesignpoisonoustheyhavetheoreticalpredictingindicatesquantitativewithinactingmetabolicallythereforelimitationfirst-yearSpainexactageunknownethanolpreservationmayalterapplieduniformlypseudoreplicationintraspecificsupportedwhilesuccessfullyworldwiderevisitingpreviouslygatheredflightmanipulationperformedtargetseveralvisitadditionallyanalysedealingpositionwhetherchoosevisitedcontainingoptnovelbaitedplaced60awaythentraineitheronceorcomparetakenfinddisplaceddemonstraterapidlylearnedreturncertainsignificantreductionlikewisemanipulatespendinglesseachmoreoverofferedjustmajorityfurthermorecontributebehaviouralconsideringmarginalisCapeProvinceSouthAfricaAfricanEntomology10.40010030220104CaucasianEntomologicalBulletin10.238851814-3326-2015-11-1-85-89degreeHungaryNaturaSomogyiensis10.24394natsom201119229manyEuropeancountryobserved1993documentationphotograph5ofexaminedstylopizedtheseexemplarparasitized18strepsipteranspecimensometaxonscientificnamerankpreferredcommonWonderfulWorldWaspsBugSquadArticleChrisAliceKratzerauthorLinkedInPhototerriblejam-packedpainangerloveusoutbluemindingownbusinesseatpicnicfrightenchildbuildhomecomplicatealready-stressfullifeEveryoneknowsbebetterwithoutSoprefacebookpublishedcompany2020OwlflyLLCwhatwritebelievepointessentialcomplicatedbeautifulIndeedplayimportantprovidebeneficialLookmapesticidelaborpassionatededicatedwrittenconversationaltonelongadmirersupporterwhogrewJerseycontinuerememberinteractingyesgettingstungassortedincludingcometerritorybecomeentomologistoptedengineerreceivedbachelorscience2019mechanicalengineeringRochesterInstituteTechnologyworkedYorkuntilTodayexecutivedirectormanagingdivisionPublishingopportunitydevelopmarketsustainablepotentialmitigationfascinatefoldintowantwhyhowdoiftellbuildingunderstandcycleorganismbeforetryingentangleecologicalmeaninginquilinecalledcuckooexploityoungcallfactcatchdismembertinywaistpreventeatingsoldfluidprimarymostgrasshoppercricketkatydidbeetleearthwormlanternflycockroachspidercicadaaren'tengineering-trainedprofessionalknowledgeablybeganher2018January25pathincludedholingCornellCollectionnetworkingexpertteachingherselfsoftwarealigngeneticbarcodespentclosethousandhourporingplatformidentifyingmappingstudyingcolorincredible400-pagebilledguideallarcticGreenlandAlaskatropicalPanamaGrenadacover20822generafeature900imagemacrophotographerpostingbringbackIowaStateProfessorAmyToth'sseminarDepartmentNematologytoldcrowdattackextremelycomplexfascinatingcreaturecoinedhashtagwasplovewroteillustratedItvarietyyellowjacketEurasianred-bandedAmericanblackjacketvolcanoGuatemalianEasternwidowpolka-dotprairieCaliforniaformdownyGermanknewthere'jacketsfamiliarelaborateknowdominulomeansmistressimpliesIntroduced1970ssincecontinentWomanLynnKimseyBohartMuseumdistinguishedtellingdifferencescavengertakeparticularlyseriousmentionUCStatewideIntegratedProgramwealthPestNotedistincttypefartroublesomeespeciallyground-cavity-nestingtendvigorouslydisturbedDefensiveincreasesprogressesscarcerprimarilystartaroundgarbagecandogcatwhereripeoverripeaccessiblelargecolorfultidbitsprinklethroughoutintriguinginstancePennsylvaniadespiteSomeonemislabeledoriginalAndrated2/5painfulSchmidtIndexBottomlineeye-openerpage-turnermind-boggleroffersapproachbelongslibraryscientistcitizencuriouspersonwantsincrediblydiverseamazingnextgatheringanti-socialfolkaskanyonesharingroseDavisCalifthirstysippingwaterfountainAgraulisvanillaeVacavilletuckedinsideWednesdayCincinnatiOhioamongchangedrecentlyovertakencounterpartStillUnitedadjacentbelongsamefamilyhornpottermasonborealcoolerdecidedlyhandfulreachingrarelyexceeding200unprotectedsuspendtwigstemsemi-protectedhangsturdyoftencoatedrepelchiefconstructionapparentdestinedlikelydeterminedstageacteventuallyassertleaveperformssecuringdevelopingoffspringharvestingfibersurfacedeadfencepostscrapeballdeftlypliesstripaddedexistingworthhavingheavilyWebwormgrabhairybutcherkillspotstrippingoffanyirritatinghairspineeasilyconsumeddirectlyshareturndistributeoccupyreachmaturityspinsilkendometopmoltshortlythereafterfreedomsolefertilizeWatchAugustSeptembereasythoughgenderselbowtapergoldenrodSolidagothroughwortEupatoriumevidentextremevariabilitypairdeepmarkingvaryconsiderablyDNAaddingmudsituationinsteadclarifyingshownbelowgoinglumpEnjoywatchingunlessantagonizegivestandingtip-toeraisingmakeperfectlypeacefulneighborPosted2:40AMEmailThisBlogThis!ShareXShareFacebookSharePinterestLabelsnature6commentShandaSeptember820105:26lovedgetneverfacedcan'twaitkidquestionleftendhibernateproducedReplyDeleteRepliesReplyOutprairieSeptember8:02keepingcabbagewormseenRepliesReplyAnonymousSeptember132:06PMbecominghereUpperPeninsulaMichiganpendulumseemsswungagoeverywherevanishinglyrarehaven'tagainhouserightRepliesReplyL.RShimerSeptember4:35headgalworkeverybodyelsekindaegalitarianRepliesReplyLarryMay9:34directedBevWigneyBTWlivedNEMissouridetailedpresentedThankscogentscientificallyaccuratesummaryinsect'slife-cycleRepliesBugEricMay3:47kindcomplimentsDeleteRepliesReplyReplyAddcommentLoadBlogcurrentlyreplyreaderhimselfWorkingresolveNewerOlderSubscribeAtomDemonizedhosting4p.m.SaturdayJan20Room1124AcademicSurge455CrockerLanecampusAttendeeschatcheck50,000vespideight-millionfreefriendlyParkingestimate2000describedinhabit500undescribedheadline-grabbinggiantVespamandariniaformerlyAsiannewsmediadubbedmurderhornetconfuseidentifysheetexamplehiddenrodentburrowwallhuge100,00willscavengemeatsugarsodahamburgerroadopen-facedcommonlylocatedannualdiecabbagewormwhitesuperbmuchdeliveredpresentationwebsiteinterestedmechanismevolutionhoneyCurrentprojectinvolvenovosequencinggenometranscriptomegenomicepigeneticregulatingnutritionvirushealthholddoctorateIllinoisUrbana–ChampaignGeneRobinsonpostdoctoralChristinaGrozingerunwelcomeyardpatioPreferringlikebeneathSometimesleglessgrublikeoutstretchedhand15relativelyunaggressiveproblemdoorwaylistearlierlepidopterancarryyeastwinemakingfermentationflavorwinefuscatusrecognizedevotedmotherdotefuryopinionhuman-likegreatcooperatoroverallundercurrentselfishnessmanifestperfectthemselvesmushroomlearning/memory10photogenicpeerpetalvisitorcampSierraNevadamountainwitnessedstingingcrowdedtableahsippedwonderedsayselsewherewhichfertilizedmustwarmsenoughlotproteinbabyneedsurvivedbecausedrierusualdealcompetinggomaintenancemodemaintainfuellargelyuselessstartedmidtrapsprayingremoved--thisdonenighthollowavailablenearbyhopewetbarbecueshyexceptdoorwindowhigh-trafficTypicallymatedmidsummerphaserequireceasesweetthingnormallymildcoastalSanFranciscosurviveinformativeYouTubevideoDistinguishingseethosedistinctiveputanotherOaklandRaiders'logoGiantssoakingsunabandonedPollinatorsArtistsdelightoverhangneighborhoodthoughtWowhangingliptrashvanishedTwitterassociateOrganismalTanyptera dorsalis
Antlered Crane Fly
Tanyptera dorsalis is a species of crane fly in the family Tipulidae, commonly known as the Antlered Crane Fly. Males are distinguished by prominent antler-like projections on the head. The species occurs in eastern North America, with records from Canada and the United States.
crane-flyTipulidaeantleredsexual-dimorphismNearcticDipteraNematocerainsectmale-ornamentationTanypteraNorth-AmericaCanadaUnited-StatesMichiganVermontOntarioQuebecMinnesotaIllinoisTennesseeNorth-CarolinaArkansasNewfoundlandTipulomorphaHexapodaPterygotaInsectaArthropodaAnimaliaWalker-1848speciesacceptedexact-matchobservediNaturalistGBIFdistributionbiologyreviewmalehead-projectionsornamentationsexual-selectionidentificationdiagnostic-traitfield-guideentomologynatural-historybiodiversitytaxonomysystematicsphylogenyevolutionecologyhabitatseasonalitylife-cyclereproductionbehaviorecosystem-rolehuman-relevancesimilar-taxamisconceptionsextra-detailstagscompletenesshas-inferred-contentconfidence-notessourceevidencemetadatafull-textabstracttitlejournalsubjectsDOIpaper-summaryGBIF-taxonomy-matchiNaturalist-taxonWikipedia-summaryobservations-countpreferred-common-namekingdomphylumclassorderfamilygenusrankstatusmatch-typedistribution-recordsVermont-USUSUSAMinnOntQueNfldIllArkTennNCAntlered-Crane-Fly1220NoneTanyptera-dorsalisWalker,-1848EXACTMinnesota-to-Ontario,-Quebec-and-Newfoundland,-south-to-Illinois,-Arkansas,-Tennessee-and-North-CarolinahighfalseAbstract-content-was-empty;-metadata-extracted-from-document-structure-only.-Full-text-not-available-in-provided-source.-Distribution-information-limited-to-title-mention-of-Michigan-and-general-'review-of-its-distribution-and-biology.'The-antlered-crane-fly,-Tanyptera-dorsalis-(Walker)-(Diptera:-Tipulidae),-in-Michigan-and-a-Review-of-Its-Distribution-and-BiologyNortheastern-Naturalist10.1656/045.017.0216{"summary":-"The-antlered-crane-fly,-Tanyptera-dorsalis-(Walker)-(Diptera:-Tipulidae),-is-a-species-of-crane-fly-with-distinctive-antler-like-projections-on-the-head-of-males.-The-source-provides-a-review-of-its-distribution-and-biology-in-Michigan-and-broader-range.",-"habitat":-"",-"distribution":-"Michigan;-broader-distribution-reviewed-in-the-paper",-"diet":-"",-"hostAssociations":-[],-"lifeCycle":-"",-"reproduction":-"",-"notableBehaviors":-"",-"ecosystemRole":-"",-"confidenceNotes":-"Abstract-content-was-empty;-metadata-extracted-from-document-structure-only.-Full-text-not-available-in-provided-source.-Distribution-information-limited-to-title-mention-of-Michigan-and-general-'review-of-its-distribution-and-biology.'"}Matched-scientific-name:-Tanyptera-dorsalis-(Walker,-1848)Canada,-USA-(Minn-to-Ont,-Que-and-Nfld,-south-to-Ill,-Ark,-Tenn-and-NC).;-Nearctic;-Canada,-USA-(Minn-to-Ont,-Que-and-Nfld,-south-to-Ill,-Ark,-Tenn-and-NC).;-Nearctic;-Vermont-US,-US