Eurasia
Guides
Acossus
carpenterworm moths
Acossus is a genus of carpenterworm moths in the family Cossidae, established by Dyar in 1905. The genus includes at least six described species, most associated with Populus species as larval hosts. A recently described species, A. boreocryptus, exhibits exceptional diurnal flight behavior, the first documented case among New World Cossidae. Species are distributed across northern North America and northern Eurasia.
Anthocomus equestris
Eurasian Red-and-black Melyrid
Anthocomus equestris is a soft-winged flower beetle in the family Melyridae, characterized by its red-and-black coloration. The species is native to Eurasia and has been introduced to the eastern United States, where it has established populations. It belongs to the subgenus Celidus within the genus Anthocomus.
Cephidae
Stem Sawflies
Cephidae is a family of stem sawflies in the order Hymenoptera, comprising approximately 27 genera and over 160 described species. Most species occur in the Northern Hemisphere, particularly in Eurasia. Larvae are endophagous stem borers in various plants, especially grasses and cereal grains, with several species being significant agricultural pests including Cephus cinctus on wheat and Janus rufiventris on corn. Adults are exceptionally slender for symphytans and often resemble other insects.
Chloriona
Chloriona is a genus of planthoppers in the family Delphacidae, established by Fieber in 1866. The genus comprises at least five recognized species distributed across Eurasia. Members are small, sap-feeding insects associated with grassland and wetland habitats. As delphacid planthoppers, they possess a characteristic enlarged hind femur with a mobile spur, an adaptation for jumping.
Clubiona riparia
Riparian Sac Spider
Clubiona riparia is a sac spider species in the family Clubionidae. It is known from a broad geographic range spanning northern Eurasia and North America. The specific epithet 'riparia' refers to its association with riparian habitats. Like other Clubiona species, it constructs silken retreats rather than prey-capture webs and hunts actively.
Dermanyssina
Dermanyssina is a suborder of mesostigmatid mites characterized by adaptations for parasitic or phoretic lifestyles. Members exhibit diverse host associations, including beetles and earwigs. The suborder includes taxa with specialized morphological features for attachment to and transport by host organisms.
Euhagena
Euhagena is a genus of clearwing moths in the family Sesiidae, characterized by wasp-mimicking appearance and diurnal activity. The genus contains seven described species distributed across North America and parts of Eurasia. Members exhibit sexual dimorphism, with males possessing highly bipectinate (feathery) antennae and distinctive thoracic tufts. These moths are rarely attracted to light and are typically encountered by chance observation or through the use of pheromone lures.
Gluphisia
Gluphisia is a genus of moths in the family Notodontidae, first described by Boisduval in 1828. Species in this genus are commonly referred to as 'prominent moths' and are attracted to artificial light sources, including blacklights used in moth surveys. The genus includes six recognized species distributed across North America and Eurasia.
Hirudisomatidae
Hirudisomatidae is a family of colobognathan millipedes in the order Polyzoniida, comprising approximately 20 species across seven genera. The family exhibits a disjunct distribution spanning Eurasia from Spain to the Himalayas, Japan, and western North America from southwest Canada to central Mexico. Members of this family possess characteristic colobognathan features including reduced mouthparts and a simplified head structure. The family contains two genera in the Western Hemisphere (Octoglena and Mexiconium) with seven species, while the remaining five genera occur in the Eastern Hemisphere.
Hypagyrtis unipunctata
One-spotted Variant, one-spotted variant moth, white spot
Hypagyrtis unipunctata is a geometrid moth widely distributed across North America and Eurasia. Adults display considerable wing pattern variation, with the characteristic single white spot being variable in presence and intensity. The species exhibits extended flight activity from spring through late summer, with one to two generations annually. Larvae are generalist feeders on deciduous trees and shrubs.
Julus
Julus is a genus of millipedes in the family Julidae, order Julida. First described by Linnaeus in 1758, it is one of the most historically significant millipede genera. Species occur across Eurasia, with documented populations in the Caucasus, Siberia, and Scandinavia. The genus exhibits notable morphological diversity, particularly in male genital structures and gnathochilarium characteristics.
Oreoneta
A genus of dwarf spiders (family Linyphiidae) established in 1894, comprising approximately 30 species distributed across cold-temperate and Arctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Most species inhabit high-latitude or high-altitude environments. The genus was revised extensively by Saaristo & Marusik in 2004, resulting in numerous new species descriptions.
ArachnidaAraneaeLinyphiidaedwarf-spiderArcticborealHolarctictundramontanepredatorcold-adaptedground-dwellinghigh-latitudehigh-altitudeSaaristoMarusikChyzerKulczyński18942004-revisiongenitalic-charactersepigynumembolusconductorpalaearcticnearcticEurasiaNorth-AmericaScandinaviaSiberiaAlaskaCanadaGreenlandKazakhstanMongoliaChinaKurile-IslandsFinlandSwedenNorwayGermanySwitzerlandItalySlovakiaBulgariaCentral-Europetype-species:-Oreoneta-frigidathirty-species30-speciessmall-spidersheet-web-weavermoney-spiderLinyphiinaeErigoninaemicrohabitatlitter-dwellingcrypticunderstudiedtaxonomic-revisionmorphological-taxonomylight-microscopyspecies-descriptionbiogeographyglacial-refugiapost-glacial-colonizationendemicregional-endemicalpine-endemicArctic-endemicboreal-foresttaigarocky-habitatmeadowwetlandstream-marginsnowbedfellfieldheathmosslichenvegetationsoil-surfacestonerockboulderscreetalusdebrishumusorganic-layerpermafrostpolarsubpolarcold-stenothermstenothermstenotopichabitat-specialistconservationraredata-deficientIUCNred-listnatural-historysystematicsphylogenymolecular-systematicsDNA-barcodingCOIcytochrome-oxidase28S18SITSmorphologytaxonomyalpha-taxonomyrevisionmonographfaunisticschorologyzoogeographydispersalvicariancespeciationcryptic-speciesspecies-complexspecies-groupspecies-aggregatesubspeciesinfraspecificvariationpolymorphismsexual-dimorphismmalefemalejuvenileinstarecdysismoltingdevelopmentgrowthreproductionmatingcourtshipsperm-transferspermatophorepedipalppalpal-organcopulatory-organgenitaliaepigynevulvaspermathecafertilization-ductcopulatory-ductatriumscapemacerationdissectionmicroscopestereomicroscopecompound-microscopeillustrationdrawingphotographySEMscanning-electron-microscopyhabitusdorsalventrallateralprosomaopisthosomaabdomencephalothoraxcarapacesternumchelicerafanglegtarsusmetatarsustibiapatellafemurcoxatrochanterspinneretcolulustracheal-spiraclebook-lungcuticlesetahairspinemacrosetasensillumchaetotaxyeyeoculusocellianterior-median-eyeposterior-median-eyeanterior-lateral-eyeposterior-lateral-eyeeye-tubercleclypeusfoveapedicelwaistconstrictioncolorpatternpigmentationmelanismalbinismsizemeasurementtotal-lengthcarapace-lengthcarapace-widthabdomen-lengthleg-lengthleg-formulaindexratioproportionallometryontogenysubadultadultmaturitysexual-maturityreproductive-maturitylongevitylife-spangeneration-timevoltinismunivoltinesemivoltinebiennialperennialoverwinteringdiapausequiescencecold-hardinessfreeze-tolerancefreeze-avoidancesupercoolingcryoprotectantglycerolsorbitoltrehalosethermal-biologythermoregulationbehavioral-thermoregulationpostural-thermoregulationactivitydiurnalnocturnalcrepuscularmatutinalvespertinecircadianrhythmseasonalphenologycalendardatemonthactivity-periodbreeding-seasonovipositioneggegg-saccocoonsilkwebsheet-webtangle-webspace-webplatform-webdome-webbowl-webfunnelretreatsignal-linedraglineattachment-discampullate-glandcylindriform-glandaciniform-glandaggregate-glandflagelliform-glandtubuliform-glandpiriform-glandmajor-ampullateminor-ampullatesilk-proteinspidroinfibroinsericingluevisciddrycapture-silkdragline-silksafety-lineanchor-lineframe-lineradial-linespiral-linesticky-spiralnon-sticky-spiralhubperimetersubstratenicheguildfunctional-grouptrophic-levelcarnivorezoophagearthropodivoreinsectivorepreycaptureattacksubdueimmobilizekillfeeddigestextraoral-digestionsucking-stomachgutmidguthindgutMalpighian-tubuleexcretionosmoregulationmetabolismrespirationtracheaspiraclegas-exchangecirculationhemolymphheartaortasinusnervous-systembrainganglionnervesensory-organmechanoreceptorchemoreceptorthermoreceptorhygroreceptorphotoreceptorproprioceptortrichobothriumtarsal-organslit-sensillumlyriform-organpedipalp-organHaller's-organcontact-chemoreceptorgustatoryolfactorypheromonesemiochemicalkairomoneallomonesynomonecommunicationsignalvibrationseismicairbornevisualchemicaltactilecopulationinseminationspermspermatozoonmedian-apophysisterminal-apophysisparacymbiumcymbiumbulbustegulumsubtegulumradixlamellaprocessapophysisflangehookcoilspiralductreservoirscleriteplatefieldfossapocketreceptaculumspermathecaeglandinsemination-ductuterusuterus-externusuterus-internusvaginagonoporeovipositorovaryoviductfolliclevitellogenesisoogenesisspermatogenesistestisvas-deferensejaculatory-ductseminal-vesiclefecundityfertilityclutch-sizeegg-numberhatchingemergenceballooningaerial-dispersalsilk-draglinegossamermigrationmovementwalkingrunningjumpingclimbingburrowinghidingrefugeshelterdefensepredationpredator-avoidanceantipredatorcrypsiscamouflagemimicryaposematismdeimaticthanatosisautotomyleg-lossregenerationinjurywoundhealingimmune-responsehemocytemelanizationencapsulationnoduleparasiteparasitoidpathogenfungusbacteriumvirusnematodemitegroomingcleaninghygieneself-maintenancesilk-useweb-useprey-captureforaginghuntingambushsit-and-waitactive-huntingsearchingprobingtestingexplorationlearningmemorycognitionbehaviorethologyecologypopulationcommunityecosystembiomebiospherehabitatenvironmentabioticbioticfactortemperaturehumiditymoisturepreci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caucasicus
Philonthus caucasicus is a rove beetle in the family Staphylinidae, first described by Nordmann in 1837. The species is native to the Caucasus region and broader Eurasia, with established introduced populations in North America. As a member of the large genus Philonthus, it shares the characteristic shortened elytra and predatory habits typical of staphylinid beetles.
Pidonia
Pidonia is a genus of longhorn beetles in the family Cerambycidae, subfamily Lepturinae. These beetles are typically small with black and yellow or orange coloration. Field observations indicate adults are frequently found on flowers, particularly those of Asteraceae and Malvaceae families. The genus occurs across North America and Eurasia, with species inhabiting forested and woodland environments.
Pyrrhia exprimens
Purple-lined Sallow
Pyrrhia exprimens, commonly known as the purple-lined sallow, is a moth in the family Noctuidae, subfamily Heliothinae. It has a transcontinental distribution spanning North America and northern Eurasia. The species was first described by Francis Walker in 1857 and is characterized by moderate size with distinctive wing patterning.
Speyeria
greater fritillaries
Speyeria is a genus of approximately 19 species of butterflies in the family Nymphalidae, commonly known as greater fritillaries. The genus was reestablished as separate from Argynnis in 2017 based on phylogenetic evidence. Three species occur in Eurasia and 16 in North America. Species are univoltine, with larvae feeding exclusively on native violets (Viola spp.) and adults nectaring on diverse flowers. Several species and subspecies are threatened or endangered due to habitat loss and climate change.
Sphegina
Pufftails
Sphegina is a genus of small, slender hoverflies (Syrphidae) known as 'pufftails' due to their distinctive appearance in flight. Adults are widespread across Eurasia and North America, typically found in damp, shaded forest habitats near water. The genus exhibits pronounced sexual dimorphism in antennal structure and is distinguished from its sister group Neoascia by facial pilosity, katepisternal setation, and antennal proportions. Larvae develop in association with wood-boring insects, utilizing sap flows and decaying cambium in moist conditions.
Tachyporus maculicollis
Tachyporus maculicollis is a rove beetle (Staphylinidae) described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1866. The species epithet "maculicollis" refers to spotted or marked coloration on the pronotum or neck region. It belongs to the subfamily Tachyporinae, a group characterized by relatively short elytra and flexible abdominal segments. The genus Tachyporus is widely distributed across the Holarctic region, with this species recorded from North America and parts of Eurasia.
Titanoeca
Titanoeca is a genus of cribellate-web spiders in the family Titanoecidae, established by Thorell in 1870. The genus comprises 31 species as of January 2026, distributed primarily across Eurasia with notable exceptions: three species endemic to North America (T. americana, T. brunnea, T. nigrella), one holarctic species (T. nivalis), and one Ecuadorian endemic (T. guayaquilensis). Members construct cribellate webs and exhibit conditional foraging behavior.
Titanoecidae
Rock Weavers
Titanoecidae is a family of cribellate spiders comprising five genera and approximately 67 species. Members are primarily dark-colored web-builders that construct woolly, cribellate silk webs. The family occurs across the New World and Eurasia, with several species inhabiting high-altitude mountain environments where they can achieve high local abundance. The family was elevated from Amaurobiidae by Lehtinen in 1967.