Clubionidae
Guides
Clubiona abboti
Clubiona abboti is a species of sac spider in the family Clubionidae, found in the United States and Canada. It is a nocturnal hunter that does not construct webs to capture prey. The species was described by L. Koch in 1866 and includes two recognized subspecies: C. a. abboti and C. a. abbotoides.
Clubiona bishopi
Clubiona bishopi is a species of sac spider in the family Clubionidae, first described by Edwards in 1958. It occurs in the United States and Canada. As a member of the sac spider family, it likely constructs silken retreats rather than webs for prey capture, though specific behavioral observations for this species are limited.
Clubiona janae
Clubiona janae is a species of sac spider in the family Clubionidae, described by Edwards in 1958. The genus Clubiona is characterized by the presence of a distinct groove in the center of the carapace and a tuft of curved setae on the front edge of the abdomen, features that distinguish it from the superficially similar genus Cheiracanthium. Like other sac spiders, members of this genus do not construct prey-capture webs but instead hunt actively on foot. They construct silken retreats or "sleeping bags" for shelter.
Clubiona johnsoni
Johnson's Sac Spider
Clubiona johnsoni is a species of sac spider in the family Clubionidae, described by Gertsch in 1941. It is found in the United States and Canada, with records from Alberta, Manitoba, and Ontario in Canada. Like other members of the genus Clubiona, it is a nocturnal hunting spider that does not build webs to capture prey. The species is distinguished from similar genera by possessing a distinct groove in the center of its carapace and a tuft of curved setae on the front edge of the abdomen.
Clubiona maritima
Clubiona maritima is a sac spider species in the family Clubionidae. It occurs across North America from Canada through the United States and into the Caribbean region. As a member of the sac spider group, it constructs silken retreats rather than prey-capture webs and hunts actively. The species was described by Ludwig Carl Christian Koch in 1867.
Clubiona mimula
Clubiona mimula is a species of sac spider in the family Clubionidae, first described by Chamberlin in 1928. It occurs in the United States and Canada. As a member of the sac spider family, it likely shares the general biology of Clubiona species: active hunters that do not build webs to capture prey, instead relying on speed and ambush. However, specific biological details for this species remain poorly documented in the available literature.
Clubiona mixta
Mixed Sac Spider
Clubiona mixta is a sac spider in the family Clubionidae, described by Emerton in 1890. It is one of many species in the genus Clubiona, which are characterized by having a distinct groove in the center of the carapace and a tuft of curved setae on the front edge of the abdomen. These features help distinguish Clubiona from the superficially similar genus Cheiracanthium (longlegged sac spiders), which lacks both characters. Sac spiders in this family are active hunters that do not build webs to capture prey.
Clubiona norvegica
Clubiona norvegica is a sac spider in the family Clubionidae, first described by Embrik Strand in 1900. The species has a transcontinental distribution spanning North America, Europe, and European Russia. Like other members of its genus, it constructs silken retreats rather than prey-capture webs and hunts actively for small arthropods.
Clubiona pacifica
Pacific sac spider
Clubiona pacifica is a species of sac spider in the family Clubionidae, first described by Banks in 1896. It is found in the United States and Canada, with confirmed records from Alberta and British Columbia. As a sac spider, it does not construct webs for prey capture but instead actively hunts. The species has been the subject of life history and ecological studies in Washington State.
Clubiona pallidula
European Sac Spider
Clubiona pallidula is a species of sac spider in the family Clubionidae. It is native to Europe, the Caucasus, Russia (extending to the Far East), and Central Asia, and has been introduced to North America. The species has been the subject of detailed morphological studies examining its genital anatomy and copulatory mechanics. Unlike some related spiders frequently found indoors, this species is primarily encountered in outdoor habitats.
Clubiona pygmaea
Pygmy Sac Spider
Clubiona pygmaea is a species of sac spider in the family Clubionidae, first described by Nathan Banks in 1892. It is distributed across the United States and Canada. As a member of the sac spider family, it likely constructs silken retreats rather than prey-capture webs and hunts actively for small prey. The species epithet "pygmaea" refers to its small size relative to other members of the genus.
Clubiona riparia
Riparian Sac Spider
Clubiona riparia is a sac spider species in the family Clubionidae. It is known from a broad geographic range spanning northern Eurasia and North America. The specific epithet 'riparia' refers to its association with riparian habitats. Like other Clubiona species, it constructs silken retreats rather than prey-capture webs and hunts actively.
Clubiona spiralis
sac spider
Clubiona spiralis is a species of sac spider in the family Clubionidae, first described by Emerton in 1909. It occurs in the United States and Canada. Like other members of its genus, it is an active hunter that does not build webs for prey capture.
Clubiona trivialis
Clubiona trivialis is a small sac spider in the family Clubionidae, characterized by its reddish-brown coloration and holarctic distribution. Unlike the longlegged sac spiders in the genus Cheiracanthium (now Eutichuridae), which are frequently encountered indoors, Clubiona species are less commonly found inside human dwellings. Adults are present year-round and occupy exposed positions on low vegetation.
Elaver
Elaver is a genus of sac spiders in the family Clubionidae, established by Octavius Pickard-Cambridge in 1898. The genus comprises approximately 52-53 species distributed across multiple continents. These spiders are recognized members of the sac spider group, though species-level diversity and biology remain incompletely documented.