Sac-spider
Guides
Agroeca
Agroeca is a genus of liocranid sac spiders first described by Niklas Westring in 1861. The genus contains 35 recognized species distributed across Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, and South America. Species in this genus are ground-dwelling hunters with nocturnal activity patterns. The genus shows a notably broad geographic distribution, with multiple species endemic to East Asia.
Agroeca pratensis
Agroeca pratensis is a species of liocranid sac spider first described by Emerton in 1890. It belongs to the family Liocranidae, a group of small to medium-sized wandering spiders. The species is documented from the United States and Canada, with specific records from Alberta, British Columbia, and Manitoba in Canada. Observations are relatively sparse, with limited published ecological or behavioral data available.
Arachosia
A genus of anyphaenid sac spiders native to the Americas, first described by Octavius Pickard-Cambridge in 1882. The genus comprises 21 recognized species, including seven recently described species. Arachosia species are primarily associated with grassland and forest habitats. A taxonomic revision resolved long-standing identification problems in the A. cubana species complex and documented disjunct distribution patterns suggesting potential cryptic speciation.
Castianeira alteranda
Prairie Ant-mimic Sac Spider
Castianeira alteranda is a species of ant-mimic spider in the family Corinnidae. It occurs in the northern United States and southern Canada, with records from Alberta, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan. The species was described by Gertsch in 1942. Like other members of the genus Castianeira, it exhibits ant-mimicry as a defensive strategy.
Castianeira amoena
Orange Ant-mimic Sac Spider
Castianeira amoena is a species of true spider in the ant-mimic sac spider family Corinnidae. The species is found in the United States and Mexico. Like other members of the genus Castianeira, it exhibits ant-mimicry as a defensive strategy. The species was first described by C. L. Koch in 1841.
Cheiracanthium
Longlegged Sac Spiders, Yellow Sac Spiders
Cheiracanthium is a genus of araneomorph spiders in the family Cheiracanthiidae, first described by Carl Ludwig Koch in 1839. Commonly known as longlegged sac spiders or yellow sac spiders, the genus contains over 230 accepted species. These spiders are notable for their pale coloration, nocturnal hunting behavior, and habit of constructing silken retreats rather than permanent webs. They are frequently encountered in human dwellings, particularly in temperate regions, and have been the subject of controversy regarding their medical significance.
Clubiona abboti
Clubiona abboti is a species of sac spider in the family Clubionidae, found in the United States and Canada. It is a nocturnal hunter that does not construct webs to capture prey. The species was described by L. Koch in 1866 and includes two recognized subspecies: C. a. abboti and C. a. abbotoides.
Clubiona bishopi
Clubiona bishopi is a species of sac spider in the family Clubionidae, first described by Edwards in 1958. It occurs in the United States and Canada. As a member of the sac spider family, it likely constructs silken retreats rather than webs for prey capture, though specific behavioral observations for this species are limited.
Clubiona canadensis
Canada Sac Spider
Clubiona canadensis is a species of sac spider in the family Clubionidae, first described by Emerton in 1890. It is distributed across northern North America, with records from multiple Canadian provinces including Alberta, British Columbia, and Manitoba, as well as the United States. As a member of the sac spider family, it likely constructs silken retreats rather than prey-capture webs, though specific details of its biology remain poorly documented.
Clubiona janae
Clubiona janae is a species of sac spider in the family Clubionidae, described by Edwards in 1958. The genus Clubiona is characterized by the presence of a distinct groove in the center of the carapace and a tuft of curved setae on the front edge of the abdomen, features that distinguish it from the superficially similar genus Cheiracanthium. Like other sac spiders, members of this genus do not construct prey-capture webs but instead hunt actively on foot. They construct silken retreats or "sleeping bags" for shelter.
Clubiona johnsoni
Johnson's Sac Spider
Clubiona johnsoni is a species of sac spider in the family Clubionidae, described by Gertsch in 1941. It is found in the United States and Canada, with records from Alberta, Manitoba, and Ontario in Canada. Like other members of the genus Clubiona, it is a nocturnal hunting spider that does not build webs to capture prey. The species is distinguished from similar genera by possessing a distinct groove in the center of its carapace and a tuft of curved setae on the front edge of the abdomen.
Clubiona lutescens
yellow sac spider, sac spider
Clubiona lutescens is a sac spider in the family Clubionidae, found across Europe, Turkey, the Caucasus, Russia through Kazakhstan, Korea, and Japan. It has been introduced to North America. The species constructs silken retreats rather than prey-capture webs and hunts actively on foot. It is primarily nocturnal and has been observed in both natural and human-modified habitats.
Clubiona maritima
Clubiona maritima is a sac spider species in the family Clubionidae. It occurs across North America from Canada through the United States and into the Caribbean region. As a member of the sac spider group, it constructs silken retreats rather than prey-capture webs and hunts actively. The species was described by Ludwig Carl Christian Koch in 1867.
Clubiona mimula
Clubiona mimula is a species of sac spider in the family Clubionidae, first described by Chamberlin in 1928. It occurs in the United States and Canada. As a member of the sac spider family, it likely shares the general biology of Clubiona species: active hunters that do not build webs to capture prey, instead relying on speed and ambush. However, specific biological details for this species remain poorly documented in the available literature.
Clubiona mixta
Mixed Sac Spider
Clubiona mixta is a sac spider in the family Clubionidae, described by Emerton in 1890. It is one of many species in the genus Clubiona, which are characterized by having a distinct groove in the center of the carapace and a tuft of curved setae on the front edge of the abdomen. These features help distinguish Clubiona from the superficially similar genus Cheiracanthium (longlegged sac spiders), which lacks both characters. Sac spiders in this family are active hunters that do not build webs to capture prey.
Clubiona moesta
Clubiona moesta is a species of sac spider in the family Clubionidae, first described by Banks in 1896. It belongs to a family of wandering spiders that do not construct permanent webs for prey capture. The species has a documented distribution across North America and Asia, with records from the United States, Canada, and China. Like other sac spiders, it constructs temporary silken retreats for shelter rather than for prey capture.
Clubiona norvegica
Clubiona norvegica is a sac spider in the family Clubionidae, first described by Embrik Strand in 1900. The species has a transcontinental distribution spanning North America, Europe, and European Russia. Like other members of its genus, it constructs silken retreats rather than prey-capture webs and hunts actively for small arthropods.
Clubiona obesa
Sac spider
Clubiona obesa is a species of sac spider in the family Clubionidae. It occurs in the United States and Canada. As a member of this family, it is a prowling hunter that does not construct webs to capture prey. The species is one of several documented hosts of the spider wasp Priocnemis minorata.
Clubiona pacifica
Pacific sac spider
Clubiona pacifica is a species of sac spider in the family Clubionidae, first described by Banks in 1896. It is found in the United States and Canada, with confirmed records from Alberta and British Columbia. As a sac spider, it does not construct webs for prey capture but instead actively hunts. The species has been the subject of life history and ecological studies in Washington State.
Clubiona pallidula
European Sac Spider
Clubiona pallidula is a species of sac spider in the family Clubionidae. It is native to Europe, the Caucasus, Russia (extending to the Far East), and Central Asia, and has been introduced to North America. The species has been the subject of detailed morphological studies examining its genital anatomy and copulatory mechanics. Unlike some related spiders frequently found indoors, this species is primarily encountered in outdoor habitats.
Clubiona pygmaea
Pygmy Sac Spider
Clubiona pygmaea is a species of sac spider in the family Clubionidae, first described by Nathan Banks in 1892. It is distributed across the United States and Canada. As a member of the sac spider family, it likely constructs silken retreats rather than prey-capture webs and hunts actively for small prey. The species epithet "pygmaea" refers to its small size relative to other members of the genus.
Clubiona riparia
Riparian Sac Spider
Clubiona riparia is a sac spider species in the family Clubionidae. It is known from a broad geographic range spanning northern Eurasia and North America. The specific epithet 'riparia' refers to its association with riparian habitats. Like other Clubiona species, it constructs silken retreats rather than prey-capture webs and hunts actively.
Clubiona saltitans
Clubiona saltitans is a sac spider in the family Clubionidae, described by Emerton in 1919. The species name "saltitans" (Latin for "jumping" or "dancing") may allude to its active movement. Sac spiders in this genus are wandering hunters that construct silken retreats rather than prey-capture webs. They are primarily nocturnal predators of small insects and other arthropods. The genus Clubiona is distinguished from similar sac spiders by the presence of a distinct groove in the center of the carapace and a tuft of curved setae on the front edge of the abdomen.
Clubiona spiralis
sac spider
Clubiona spiralis is a species of sac spider in the family Clubionidae, first described by Emerton in 1909. It occurs in the United States and Canada. Like other members of its genus, it is an active hunter that does not build webs for prey capture.
Clubiona trivialis
Clubiona trivialis is a small sac spider in the family Clubionidae, characterized by its reddish-brown coloration and holarctic distribution. Unlike the longlegged sac spiders in the genus Cheiracanthium (now Eutichuridae), which are frequently encountered indoors, Clubiona species are less commonly found inside human dwellings. Adults are present year-round and occupy exposed positions on low vegetation.
Elaver
Elaver is a genus of sac spiders in the family Clubionidae, established by Octavius Pickard-Cambridge in 1898. The genus comprises approximately 52-53 species distributed across multiple continents. These spiders are recognized members of the sac spider group, though species-level diversity and biology remain incompletely documented.
Hibana
ghost spiders, yellow ghost spider
Hibana is a genus of anyphaenid sac spiders established by Antônio Brescovit in 1991. The genus contains 18 described species distributed from the United States through Central America to Brazil, including the Caribbean. These small, pale, nocturnal spiders are commonly known as ghost spiders due to their coloration and elusive habits. Hibana includes the yellow ghost spider (Hibana velox), formerly classified under Aysha. The genus is notable for its cursorial hunting behavior and restricted area searching following food consumption.
Neoanagraphis chamberlini
Neoanagraphis chamberlini is a species of liocranid sac spider in the family Liocranidae. It was described by Gertsch & Mulaik in 1936. The species is found in the United States and Mexico. It belongs to a genus of spiders that was revised by Vetter in 2001, with this species being one of the taxa included in that revision. Very little is known about the biology or ecology of this particular species.
Septentrinna
Septentrinna is a genus of corinnid sac spiders established by A. B. Bonaldo in 2000. The genus contains six described species distributed from the southern United States through Mexico to Guatemala. The type species, Septentrinna bicalcarata, was originally described by Simon in 1896. Species in this genus were previously classified under other genera before the revision by Bonaldo.
Strotarchus
Strotarchus is a genus of araneomorph spiders in the family Cheiracanthiidae, first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1888. The genus has undergone several family-level reassignments, originally placed in Clubionidae, moved to Miturgidae in 1967, and transferred to Cheiracanthiidae in 2014. It contains approximately 21 species distributed across the Americas and Pakistan, with the majority of species described from Mexico and the United States in 2012. The genus is considered a senior synonym of Marcellina and Coreidon.
Trachelas pacificus
Bull-headed sac spider
Trachelas pacificus is a species of true spider in the family Trachelidae, distributed across the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. It is commonly found in houses and adults are present year-round. The species is part of a genus known for sac-like retreats and active hunting behavior rather than web-building.
Trachelidae
Broad-Faced Sac Spiders, Ground Sac Spiders
Trachelidae is a family of araneomorph spiders within the RTA clade, elevated from subfamily status in 2014 based on molecular phylogenetic evidence. The family comprises 29 genera and approximately 307 species distributed across tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions worldwide. Members are commonly known as broad-faced sac spiders or ground sac spiders, though many species are arboreal. The family is characterized by reduced leg spines and other distinctive morphological synapomorphies that distinguish it from related families Corinnidae and Clubionidae.