Arboreal
Guides
Achipteriidae
Achipteriidae is a family of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) comprising approximately 9 genera and at least 80 described species. Members of this family are primarily arboreal, with documented species inhabiting canopy lichens on coniferous trees in temperate montane forests. The family exhibits morphological diversity in lamellar structure, pteromorphic projections, and notogastral setation patterns. Some species achieve high population densities in arboreal microhabitats, suggesting significant ecological importance in forest canopy food webs.
Acholla
Autumn Assassins
Acholla is a genus of assassin bugs (Reduviidae) in the tribe Harpactorini. Adults are most conspicuous in autumn, though they can be found from July onward in some regions. The genus contains three recognized species: A. multispinosa (widespread in eastern and central North America), A. ampliata (western North America), and A. tabida (California and Mexico). These predatory true bugs are primarily arboreal and associated with woodlands and orchards.
Acholla ampliata
Acholla ampliata is an arboreal assassin bug in the family Reduviidae, distributed across western North America from California to Colorado and south to Arizona, New Mexico, and Mexico. Adults are most active in autumn, though they can be found from July onward. The species is distinguished from similar assassin bugs by its relatively smooth body lacking prominent leg spines. It preys on caterpillars and other insects associated with trees, including pest species such as the Codling Moth.
Acholla multispinosa
Acholla multispinosa is a species of assassin bug in the family Reduviidae. It is the most widespread species in its genus, occurring across eastern North America from New England south through the Appalachians to Tennessee and North Carolina, and west through the Great Lakes region to Kansas, Nebraska, and southeast Iowa. Adults are most conspicuous in autumn, though they can be found beginning in July. The species is arboreal, primarily inhabiting woodlands and orchards.
Agnyphantes arboreus
Agnyphantes arboreus is a species of sheet-web weaver spider in the family Linyphiidae, first described by Emerton in 1915 under the name Bathyphantes arborea. It is a small spider native to western North America, with confirmed records from Alberta and British Columbia in Canada. Like other linyphiids, it constructs flat sheet webs to capture prey. The species epithet 'arboreus' suggests an association with trees or woody vegetation.
Agra
elegant canopy beetles
Agra is a genus of ground beetles (Carabidae) commonly known as elegant canopy beetles. The genus contains over 500 described species, with more than 1000 additional specimens in collections awaiting formal description. Members of this genus belong to the subfamily Lebiinae and tribe Lebiini, and are characterized by their association with forest canopy habitats.
Aphaenogaster mariae
Mary's Collared Ant
Aphaenogaster mariae is a rarely collected arboreal ant species endemic to the eastern United States. First described in 1886 from specimens collected in Florida by Mary Treat, it remained poorly known until 2021 when the first complete nest was documented in North Carolina. Unlike most congeners that nest in soil or rotting logs, this species inhabits dead branches and under live bark of mature hardwoods, particularly oaks. The first males were photographed and described in 2023, enabling a complete taxonomic redescription of the caste.
Aratus
mangrove tree crabs
Aratus is a genus of semi-terrestrial sesarmid crabs comprising at least two recognized species, with Aratus pisonii (mangrove tree crab) being the best studied. These crabs are specialized arboreal inhabitants of mangrove ecosystems throughout the Neotropics, occupying the canopy and prop root zones. The genus has gained scientific attention due to documented climate-induced range expansion along the Atlantic coast of North America, with populations establishing in salt marsh habitats beyond the historical mangrove range limit. Research on Aratus pisonii has revealed significant phenotypic plasticity in life history traits, behavior, and physiology across native and novel habitats.
Aratus pisonii
Mangrove Tree Crab
Aratus pisonii is a small sesarmid crab endemic to Neotropical mangrove forests of the Americas. It is one of the most abundant crab species in mangrove ecosystems, where it occupies the canopy and feeds primarily on mangrove leaf tissue. The species exhibits considerable life history plasticity, with morphology and reproductive investment varying across environmental gradients. It has expanded its range into salt marsh habitats in recent decades, facilitated by anthropogenic structures.
Bassaniana utahensis
Utah Crab Spider
Bassaniana utahensis is a crab spider species in the family Thomisidae, commonly known as the Utah Crab Spider. It is native to western North America, occurring in Canada and the United States. As a member of the bark crab spider genus Bassaniana, it is typically associated with trees and woody vegetation where it employs ambush predation. The species was first described by Gertsch in 1932.
Belonopterygini
Ant-loving Lacewings
Belonopterygini is a tribe of green lacewings within the family Chrysopidae, commonly known as Ant-loving Lacewings. Members of this tribe exhibit myrmecophilous associations, with larvae living in arboreal ant nests. Larvae possess distinctive morphological adaptations that appear to defend them against ant aggression. The tribe includes at least the genus Italochrysa, with species documented from Australia and Europe.
Bembidiini
Bembidiini is a large tribe of ground beetles (Carabidae) comprising over 120 genera and approximately 3,100 described species. Members are predominantly small to minute beetles, often found in riparian, intertidal, subterranean, and arboreal habitats. The tribe includes notable subtribes such as Xystosomina (arboreal tropical beetles) and Anillina (small litter-dwelling forms), as well as the subtribe Lovriciina containing highly specialized cave-dwelling species. Many species exhibit narrow habitat specificity, including intertidal gravel beaches and tropical forest canopy systems.
Brochymena
Rough Stink Bugs, Tree Stink Bugs, Four-humped Stink Bugs
Brochymena is a genus of native North American stink bugs commonly called rough stink bugs or tree stink bugs. Adults are cryptically colored to resemble lichen-mottled bark, with gray coloration and black and white or ivory speckling. They are frequently confused with the invasive brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys), but can be distinguished by the absence of white antennal bands and the presence of fine teeth along the leading edge of the pronotum. The genus currently contains approximately 20 species following taxonomic revision that split some former members into the related genus Parabrochymena.
Brochymena arborea
rough stink bug, tree stink bug
Brochymena arborea is a North American stink bug species in the family Pentatomidae, commonly known as the rough stink bug or tree stink bug. It is one of approximately 21-23 Brochymena species found north of Mexico. The species exhibits remarkable bark-mimicking camouflage and overwinters as an adult, typically remaining outdoors under loose bark rather than entering human structures. It is frequently confused with the invasive Brown Marmorated Stink Bug but is ecologically distinct and not considered a pest.
Brochymena cariosa
Brochymena cariosa is a native North American stink bug in the family Pentatomidae. Like other members of the genus Brochymena, it is a rough or tree stink bug with cryptic coloration resembling lichen-mottled bark. The species is arboreal and overwinters as an adult, typically remaining outdoors under loose bark rather than entering structures.
Brochymena chelonoides
rough stink bug, tree stink bug
Brochymena chelonoides is a species of rough stink bug native to North America. Adults are characterized by a rough, mottled gray-brown exoskeleton with black and white or ivory speckling that provides effective camouflage against lichen-covered bark. The species is one of approximately 20 taxa currently recognized in the redefined genus Brochymena, having been retained in this genus when Parabrochymena was erected as a separate genus for 10 other former Brochymena species. Like other rough stink bugs, it is not considered an agricultural or household pest.
Brochymena diluta
Brochymena diluta is a species of rough stink bug in the family Pentatomidae, endemic to North America. Originally described by Blatchley as a subspecies (Brochymena barberi diluta), it was reclassified as a full species within the genus Brochymena following a comprehensive taxonomic revision that split the former broader genus into two genera: Brochymena (20 species) and the newly erected Parabrochymena (10 species). As with other Brochymena species, it is cryptically colored and primarily arboreal.
Brochymena hoppingi
rough stink bug, tree stink bug
Brochymena hoppingi is a species of rough stink bug in the family Pentatomidae, native to North America. It belongs to a genus of arboreal stink bugs characterized by cryptic bark-like coloration and spiny pronotal margins. The species was originally described by Van Duzee and is one of approximately 20 species retained in the genus Brochymena following taxonomic revision.
Calosoma externum
Narrow Searcher Beetle, Churchyard Caterpillar Hunter
Calosoma externum is a large predatory ground beetle in the family Carabidae, commonly known as the narrow searcher beetle or churchyard caterpillar hunter. First described by Thomas Say in 1823, this species is notable for its arboreal hunting behavior, ascending trees to prey on caterpillars. Adults reach 28–35 mm in length and are distinguished by their black bodies with bluish marginal reflections. The species occurs across much of the United States and into southern Canada.
Calosoma macrum
long caterpillar hunter
Calosoma macrum is a large ground beetle in the family Carabidae, commonly known as the long caterpillar hunter. It was described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1853. The species is found in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, where it inhabits mid-elevation open areas. Adults are active predators that hunt caterpillars, including arboreal species.
Calosoma marginale
rimmed caterpillar hunter, Wrinkle-winged Calosoma
A large ground beetle in the genus Calosoma, commonly known as the rimmed caterpillar hunter. Adults are crepuscular and active predators that hunt caterpillars and scarabaeid beetles. The species occurs across a broad geographic range from Central America through the southern and central United States. Adults overwinter in the ground.
Calosoma wilcoxi
Wilcox's Spring Caterpillar Hunter, Wilcox's caterpillar hunter
Calosoma wilcoxi is a medium-sized ground beetle in the genus Calosoma, commonly known as Wilcox's Spring Caterpillar Hunter. It is an arboreal predator that climbs trees to hunt caterpillars, including fall cankerworms, spring cankerworms, gypsy moth larvae, and eastern tent caterpillars. The species is smaller than its congener Calosoma scrutator (the fiery searcher), typically reaching about one third of that species' size. It has been observed in large numbers during caterpillar outbreaks in deciduous forests. Adults are active both day and night and possess potent chemical defenses including methacrylic acid and salicylaldehyde.
Camponotus decipiens
Deceptive Carpenter Ant
Camponotus decipiens is a species of carpenter ant native to eastern North America and parts of Mexico. Workers range from 3 to 7.5 mm in length and are characterized by a black gaster. Colonies are typically small, often containing fewer than 100 workers but occasionally reaching several hundred. The specific epithet 'decipiens' derives from Latin, meaning 'deceiving, cheating, or trapping'.
Camponotus discolor
Bicolored Arboreal Carpenter Ant
Camponotus discolor is a carpenter ant species native to the eastern and central United States and adjacent Mexico. It exhibits the typical caste polymorphism of the genus, with distinct queen, worker, and male forms. The species has been studied for its genetic basis of caste differentiation, revealing that novel and highly modified genes play a major role in worker development.
Cephalotes texanus
Texanus-group Turtle Ants
Cephalotes texanus is a species of arboreal ant in the genus Cephalotes, commonly known as turtle ants. The species is characterized by its ability to glide through the air when falling from trees, a behavior facilitated by enlarged, flattened legs. It exhibits phragmosis, a defensive adaptation where soldiers use their uniquely shaped heads to block nest entrances. The species inhabits pre-existing cavities in wood, particularly those created by longhorn beetle larvae, rather than constructing its own nests. Native to Texas and northeastern Mexico, it was first described by Felix Santschi in 1915.
Cephalotes varians
Northern Caribbean Turtle Ant, turtle ant
Cephalotes varians is a strongly polyphenic turtle ant with three distinct female castes: small-bodied minor workers, larger phragmotic soldiers with shield-shaped heads used as living doors to block nest entrances, and reproductive gynes. The species exhibits gliding behavior, steering falls from trees using aerodynamic control. Native to the Neotropical region, it has been documented in the Florida Keys and listed as adventive in North America. Brain structure differs markedly among castes, with minor workers possessing disproportionately larger mushroom bodies associated with learning and memory, while soldiers and gynes have enlarged optic lobes.
Cerastipsocus
common barklice
Cerastipsocus is a genus of barklice in the family Psocidae, containing at least 20 described species. These insects are commonly found on tree bark and foliage where they feed on lichens, algae, and other organic detritus. They are notable for producing silk from specialized mouth glands, which they use to create protective webs over eggs and dense aggregations. Unlike some related psocids that infest stored products, Cerastipsocus species are harmless decomposers in natural ecosystems.
Cesonia
Cesonia is a genus of ground spiders in the family Gnaphosidae, first described by Eugène Simon in 1893. The genus contains 31 species distributed across North America, the Caribbean, and parts of the Mediterranean. Despite their common name as "ground spiders," many species are frequently found on vegetation and in arboreal habitats. Cesonia bilineata, the type species, has been documented engaging in predation on spiderlings of other spider species.
Cesonia bilineata
Two-lined Stealthy Ground Spider
Cesonia bilineata is a small ground spider in the family Gnaphosidae, first described by Nicholas Marcellus Hentz in 1847. Despite its common name suggesting terrestrial habits, this species is frequently observed climbing vegetation and scaling walls. It has been documented preying on spiderlings of other spider species, including in nursery webs of Pisaurina mira and Peucetia viridans. The species is widespread in eastern North America.
Chapoda
Chapoda is a genus of jumping spiders (family Salticidae) first described by George and Elizabeth Peckham in 1896. The genus contains thirteen described species distributed from Mexico through Central America to northern South America, with particularly high diversity in Panama and Colombia. Members of this genus are arboreal hunters typical of the Salticidae family. The type species, Chapoda festiva, was described from Guatemala and Panama.
Chilocorus orbus
twice-stabbed lady beetle, two-stabbed lady beetle
Chilocorus orbus is a small predatory lady beetle native to western North America. Adults are readily identified by their shiny black, dome-shaped bodies with two prominent oval red patches positioned near the head on the elytra. The species is an important biological control agent, feeding voraciously on scale insects in forests, orchards, and gardens. Both adults and larvae are predatory, with larvae described as resembling miniature alligators with branching spines.
Chinattus
Chinattus is a genus of jumping spiders (Salticidae) established by Logunov in 1999, with Heliophanus undulatus as the type species. The genus name combines 'China' with the common salticid suffix '-attus'. It comprises approximately 20 recognized species distributed across the south-eastern Palaearctic and adjacent Oriental Regions, with a strong concentration in China and nearby countries. One species, C. parvulus, represents a notable disjunct occurrence in North America.
Coelocnemis sulcata
Coelocnemis sulcata is a nocturnal tenebrionid beetle found in coniferous woodlands of the southwestern United States. The species has been documented on the trunks of Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) and Utah juniper (Juniperus osteosperma) at night, where it has been observed in mating pairs. It occurs at moderate to high elevations in southwestern Utah, with records from approximately 6000 feet. Activity peaks in late summer, with observations in September.
Crematogaster
Acrobat Ants, Cocktail Ants, Saint Valentine Ants
Crematogaster is a large, ecologically diverse genus of ants with over 520 described species distributed worldwide. The genus is characterized by a distinctive heart-shaped gaster that can be raised forward over the thorax and head when alarmed, a behavior that has earned them the common names "cocktail ants" and "acrobat ants." Most species are arboreal, though some are ground-nesting. They exhibit complex social behaviors including cooperative hunting, trail-based recruitment, and defensive venom spraying.
Crematogaster ashmeadi
acrobatic ant, Ashmead's Acrobat Ant
Crematogaster ashmeadi, commonly known as the acrobat ant, is a strictly arboreal ant species native to eastern North America and widespread in the Southeastern United States. It is the most dominant arboreal ant in pine forests of the coastal plains of northern Florida, where colonies inhabit chambers in the outer bark of living pine trees. The species exhibits specialized nesting behavior, relying on pre-existing cavities excavated by bark-mining caterpillars rather than constructing its own galleries. Workers are known for their distinctive trail-laying behavior using tibial gland secretions and have been observed raiding wasp nests.
Crematogastrini
Crematogastrini is a tribe of ants within the subfamily Myrmicinae, comprising approximately 64 extant genera and 8 fossil genera. Members of this tribe are distributed globally and exhibit considerable morphological and ecological diversity. The tribe includes the well-known genus Crematogaster, which is among the most species-rich ant genera worldwide. Crematogastrini ants are primarily arboreal or ground-nesting, with many species establishing mutualistic relationships with plants and other insects.
Cymatodera wolcotti
Wolcott's blister beetle
Cymatodera wolcotti is a species of checkered beetle in the family Cleridae, named after entomologist Albert Burke Wolcott (1869-1950). Adults measure 9–14 mm and exhibit distinctive morphological features including an elongated sixth visible ventrite. The species is known from North America, with adults documented on peach trees, water oaks, and slash pine cones bearing fusiform rust cankers.
Dasysyrphus
Dasysyrphus is a genus of hoverflies (Syrphidae) comprising approximately 50 described species distributed worldwide. The genus is relatively straightforward to identify, though species-level differentiation requires careful examination and should not rely solely on images. Adults are medium-sized with distinctive morphological features including hairy eyes and microtrichose wings. Larvae are primarily arboreal, feeding nocturnally on aphids and other small Hemiptera.
Dendrocoris arizonensis
Dendrocoris arizonensis is a species of stink bug in the family Pentatomidae, first described by Barber in 1911. It belongs to the genus Dendrocoris, a group of arboreal stink bugs associated with trees. The species is known from North America, with its specific epithet suggesting a primary association with Arizona. Like other members of its family, it possesses the characteristic shield-shaped body and scent glands typical of stink bugs.
Dendrocoris neomexicanus
A species of stink bug in the family Pentatomidae. The genus Dendrocoris is associated with woody vegetation, though species-level biology for D. neomexicanus remains poorly documented. The specific epithet suggests a connection to New Mexico, likely reflecting type locality or primary distribution.
Dendrocoris pini
Dendrocoris pini is a species of stink bug in the family Pentatomidae, described by Montandon in 1893. It belongs to the genus Dendrocoris, a group of arboreal stink bugs associated with coniferous trees. The species is found in North America. Like other members of its genus, it is likely associated with pine trees, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented in published literature.
Diaperis
Diaperis is a genus of darkling beetles in the family Tenebrionidae, established by Geoffroy in 1762. Species occur across Asia, Europe, and the Americas. The genus includes mycophagous species such as D. boleti, which feeds on wood-decomposing fungi. Some species were formerly classified under the genus Allophasia.
Didea alneti
Didea alneti is a Holarctic hoverfly species with a wide distribution spanning Europe, Asia, and North America. Adults are arboreal, descending to visit flowers of various herbaceous plants and shrubs. The larvae are arboreal predators that feed on aphids associated with trees including Larix, Prunus, Salix, and Quercus.
Diphleps
jumping tree bugs
Diphleps is a genus of jumping tree bugs in the family Miridae, established by Bergroth in 1924. The genus contains five described species distributed in the New World tropics. Species in this genus are arboreal and possess enlarged hind femora adapted for jumping. The genus is relatively poorly studied compared to other mirid genera.
Dipogon graenicheri
Dipogon graenicheri is a species of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae, described by Nathan Banks in 1939. The genus Dipogon comprises small, ant-mimicking wasps that hunt spiders on tree trunks and construct nests in pre-existing cavities. Species in this genus are rarely observed due to their cryptic appearance and arboreal foraging habits.
Drapetisca alteranda
Northern Long-toothed Sheetweaver
Drapetisca alteranda is a small sheetweb weaver spider in the family Linyphiidae, notable for its highly specialized microhabitat on tree trunks. Females measure only 4-4.5 mm in body length. The species is nocturnal and exceptionally well-camouflaged, sitting motionless on extremely thin sheet webs that are nearly invisible against bark. It is atypical among linyphiids in its hunting posture and web structure, resembling ambush-hunting spiders rather than typical sheetweb weavers.
Dromius
Dromius is a genus of small arboreal ground beetles in the family Carabidae, comprising approximately 108 species distributed across the Palearctic, Nearctic, Near East, and North Africa. Members of this genus are characterized by their tree-dwelling habits, inhabiting trunks and bark of deciduous and coniferous trees rather than ground-level environments. The genus includes the well-studied species Dromius quadrimaculatus, known as the Great Four-spot Treerunner, which has served as a model for understanding canopy-dwelling carabid ecology.
Elasmucha
Parent shieldbugs
Elasmucha is a genus of shield bugs in the family Acanthosomatidae, commonly known as parent shieldbugs. Species in this genus are notable for exhibiting subsocial behavior, specifically extended maternal care of eggs and early nymphal stages. Females guard egg masses and remain with offspring through early instars, actively defending against predators and parasitoids. The genus includes arboreal species associated with specific host trees, with documented seasonal host plant switching in some species.
Eleodes obscura sulcipennis
Eleodes obscura sulcipennis is a subspecies of darkling beetle in the family Tenebrionidae. It has been documented in coniferous woodland habitats of southwestern Utah, where adults are active on the trunks of Ponderosa pine and Utah juniper at night. The subspecies was described by Mannerheim in 1843 and is currently accepted as valid.
Elipsocus abdominalis
Elipsocus abdominalis is a species of barklouse in the family Elipsocidae. It occurs across much of Europe, with records from Great Britain and Ireland through Scandinavia, central Europe, and the Mediterranean. The species has also been recorded in North America, though these may represent introduced populations. Adults are blackish-orange in coloration and have been observed feeding on a range of deciduous and coniferous trees.
Empicoris vagabundus
thread-legged bug
Empicoris vagabundus is a small predatory insect in the family Reduviidae, commonly known as thread-legged bugs. The species measures 6–7 mm in length and is distinguished by its elongated, slender legs. It has been documented across Europe, much of Asia, and the Americas, inhabiting deciduous trees where it hunts barklice and other small insects. The species is attracted to ultraviolet light sources and has been observed as bycatch in mosquito surveillance traps.
Euschistus tristigmus tristigmus
dusky stink bug
Euschistus tristigmus tristigmus is a Nearctic subspecies of brown stink bug in the family Pentatomidae. It is a member of the ictericus species group, characterized by distinctive male genitalia morphology. Adults exhibit seasonal dimorphism and are active from March through November, with nymphs present June through October. The subspecies is associated with pecan orchards and other woody habitats, showing a pronounced preference for upper canopy levels compared to ground-dwelling congeners.
Euthysanius
Arboreal Click Beetles
Euthysanius is a genus of click beetles (Elateridae) commonly known as Arboreal Click Beetles. Species in this genus are associated with arboreal habitats, living in and around trees. The genus was established by LeConte in 1854 and is currently accepted in the family Elateridae. Based on iNaturalist observations, the genus has documented presence in North America with moderate observational frequency.
Flexamia huroni
Huron River Leafhopper
Flexamia huroni is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, described by Bess & Hamilton in 1999. It belongs to the genus Flexamia, a group of leafhoppers known for their specialized host plant associations with grasses. The species is named after the Huron River in Michigan, where it was first collected. Like other members of the genus, it likely exhibits strong ecological dependence on specific grass host plants.
leafhoppercicadellidaedeltocephalinaeparalimniniflexamiagrass-specialistmichigan-endemicauchenorrhynchahemipterainsectaarthropodaanimaliatrue-bugplanthopper-relative1999-descriptionbesshamiltonhuronihuron-riverusanorth-americagrassland-insecthost-specificpoorly-knownrareuncommondata-deficientgbifcatalogue-of-lifencbiinaturalisttaxonspeciesacceptedhexapodacicadomorphaclypeatamembracoideaparalimninaflexamia-huronibess-&-hamilton1999exact-matchaccepted-namecanonical-namescientific-nameauthorshiprankstatusmatchedtaxonomyclassificationeukaryotametazoadistributionmichiganobservations0wikipedianonepreferred-common-namehuron-river-leafhoppertrue-bugsgroupkingdomphylumclassorderfamilygenusauthorityiptintegrated-publishing-toolkitbiodiversity-data-journalzookeysnature-conservationcomparative-cytogeneticsopen-accessopen-accessjournalpublicationdatasetspecimentypenomenclatural-typeherbariumuniversity-of-granadaspainfungilichensagaricalescortinariusantonio-ortegamediterraneanfranceitalyimage-collectioncolección-de-imágenes-de-los-tipos-nomenclaturales-de-hongoslíquenesmusgos-y-algasgdagdacvizosoquesada2015doi10.3897bdj3e5204new-speciesnew-jersey-pine-barrensmuhlenbergia-torreyanapinebarren-smokegrassthreatened-speciesandrew-hicksmuseum-of-natural-historyuniversity-of-coloradogerry-moorenatural-resources-conservation-servicegreensboronculi-lorimerbrooklyn-botanic-gardenf.-whitcombirobert-whitcombmicrobiologyornithologyecologyhost-plantwarming-climatehuman-activitieszookeys-51169-79zookeys.511.9572roundwormnematodeantarcticamblydorylaimus-isokaryonipararhyssocolpus-paradoxusbulgariascanning-electron-microscopysemmaritime-antarcticantarctic-islandslip-regionspearvulvapostembryonic-developmentmolecular-analysesdorylaimidaelshishkalazarovaradoslavovhristovpeneva25-68zookeys.511.9793anidiv2bulgarian-academy-of-sciencesnational-scientific-fundoctocoralokinawajapannanipora-kamurailiving-fossilblue-coralhelioporaaragonite-calcium-carbonateskeletonscleractinianssoft-coralheliporacealithotelestidaeepiphaxumdeep-seashallow-coral-reefzamami-islandnational-parkmiyazakireimer1-23zookeys.511.9432non-biting-midgechironomusch.-bernensisnorth-caucasusrussiacaucasian-populationseuropesiberiakaryotypemorphologymouthpartslarvaechromosomegenotypic-combinationsmineralizationeutrophicationkarmokovpolukonovasinichkinatembotov-institute-of-ecology-of-mountain-territoriessaratov-state-medical-universitycomparative-cytogenetics-9281-297compcytogen.v9i3.4519sea-turtlerescue-centrefirst-aid-stationloggerheadgreen-turtlecaretta-carettachelonia-mydasbycatchmortalitygreecemigrationsexual-maturityullmannstachowitschuit-the-arctic-university-of-norwaynature-conservation-1045-69natureconservation.10.4890regional-activity-centre-for-specially-protected-areasporcupinecoendou-ichilluslower-urubambaperucanopy-bridgepipelinenatural-gasarborealcamera-trapdwarf-porcupineiquitos770ggregorylundezamora-mezacarrasco-ruedarepsol-exploración-perúzookeys-509109-121zookeys.509.9821antprionopeltamadagascarseychellessubterraneanleaf-litterdracula-anthemolymphlarval-hemolymph-feedingoophagymadagascar-biodiversity-centeroversonfisherzookeys-507115-150zookeys.507.9303itobillenmasukospideranelosimussubsocialcobweb-spidertheridiidaedeforestationbiodiversity-hotspotagnarssonuniversity-of-vermontsmithsonian-national-museum-of-natural-historywallacehuxleybuffonhookerlamarckdarwinmoramoraeriophyoid-miteacarixinjiangchinarosaceaeparacolomerusgallji-wei-liwangxuezhangzookeys-50897-111zookeys.508.8940shihezi-universitygrasshopperwyomingmelanoplusmelanoplinaeacrididaetetrigidaegomphocerniaeoedipodinaecyrtacanthacridinaedistribution-atlasfield-guidewgiswyoming-grasshopper-information-systemkeycapinerasechristhebardhelferscudderblatchleythomassayharrisdegeerbrunersaussuregirarddodgewalkerfieberfabriciusservillemcneilltinkhamburmeisterhaldemanbig-horn-mountainsblack-hillsgladstonindigensinfantilisdodgeioregonensismarshalliyellowstone-national-parksagebrushpineelevationshortgrass-prairiemixedgrass-prairieforbgrasseconomic-damagerangelandbenefitoverwinteregghatchadultlate-summeraugustoctoberjunelife-cyclefood-habitsizecollectionsurveyunderreportedcommonendemicrestricted-rangeforest-openinggrassymoderate-elevationlargersmallereastwestunited-statesamericanorthsouthcentralrangeextentlimitedrestrictedabundantpopulationdensityoccurrencepresenceabsencehabitatenvironmentconditionaltitudetopographyterrainvegetationplantshrubtreeforestopeningmeadowprairiesteppesavannawoodlanddrawslopeaspectsoilsubstratemoisturetemperatureclimateweatherseasonphenologytimingactivitynymphemergemoltdevelopgrowreproducemateovipositdiegenerationvoltinismunivoltinebivoltinemultivoltinesemivoltinediapauseaestivationhibernationdispersalmovementbehaviorhabitactionfeedingdietfoodhostassociationrelationshipinteractionspecialistgeneralistmonophagyoligophagypolyphagyherbivoredetritivorepredatorparasitoidscavengereconomic-importancepestbeneficialneutraldamagecontrolmanagementconservationthreatenedendangeredvulnerablesecureunknownglobal-biodiversity-information-facilityesbiodiversity-image-portalspanish-collectionstype-specimenlichenantarcticabernensisliyellowstoneGammarotettix bilobatus
arboreal camel cricket
Gammarotettix bilobatus, commonly known as the arboreal camel cricket, is a North American species in the family Rhaphidophoridae. It is restricted to California, where it inhabits trees and shrubs in coastal and foothill regions. Adults are active from February through June. The species exhibits distinctive arboreal habits and anti-predator behaviors.
Hapithinae
Hapithinae is a subfamily of crickets within the family Gryllidae, established by Gorochov in 1986. The group contains small, often colorful crickets, including the well-documented genus Phyllopalpus. Members are characterized by arboreal habits, occupying foliage and shrubs rather than ground habitats. The subfamily is primarily distributed in the Americas, with some species showing northward range expansion in recent decades.
Hemerobius
brown lacewings
Hemerobius is a genus of brown lacewings in the family Hemerobiidae, distributed across Europe and North America. Adults and larvae are predatory, feeding on small arthropods including aphids, scale insects, and insect eggs. The genus includes species that overwinter as adults and are active in early spring. Larvae spin loose, coarse cocoons for pupation, with some species exhibiting extended quiescent periods before emergence.
Hubbellia
Hubbellia is a monotypic genus of shield-backed katydids in the family Tettigoniidae, established by Hebard in 1927. The sole described species, H. marginifera, is among the rarest katydids in the United States, with approximately 40 specimens collected despite over a century of entomological work. Its extreme rarity and arboreal habits have made it a notable subject for orthopteran researchers.
Hubbellia marginifera
Arboreal Pine Katydid
Hubbellia marginifera, the sole species in the monotypic genus Hubbellia, is a shield-backed katydid endemic to the southeastern United States. It is strongly associated with pine forests and has been documented in arboreal habitats, reflecting its common name. The species was first described by Francis Walker in 1869 from specimens collected in the region.
Leptogaster arborcola
Leptogaster arborcola is a species of robber fly (family Asilidae) described by Martin in 1957. It belongs to the genus Leptogaster, a group of slender, elongate robber flies characterized by their distinctive body form and predatory habits. The specific epithet "arborcola" suggests an association with trees or arboreal habitats. As with other members of the Leptogastrinae, it is presumed to be an aerial predator of small insects.
Lichenomima
mouse-like barklice
Lichenomima is a genus of psocopterans in the family Myopsocidae, commonly referred to as 'mouse-like barklice.' The genus was established by Enderlein in 1910 and contains more than 40 described species. These insects are part of the diverse barklice fauna associated with tree bark and lichen habitats.
Liturgusa
Lichen Mantises, Bark Mantises
Liturgusa is a genus of Neotropical bark mantises comprising more than twenty species. Unlike typical mantises, Liturgusa species are exceptionally fast runners that actively pursue prey rather than ambush it. They inhabit tree trunks and branches, where their flattened bodies and cryptic coloration provide effective camouflage against bark, moss, and lichen. The genus was revised in 2014, revealing substantially greater diversity than previously recognized.
Lyssomanes viridis
magnolia green jumper, magnolia green jumping spider
Lyssomanes viridis, the magnolia green jumper, is a small jumping spider native to the southeastern United States. It is the type species of the genus Lyssomanes, considered one of the earliest-evolved genera of jumping spiders. The species exhibits distinctive pale green coloration, elongated legs relative to body size, and specialized visual cognition behaviors. Males engage in visual agonistic displays using brightly colored chelicerae and forelegs, while both sexes utilize visual, vibratory, and pheromonal signals for communication.
Meconema meridionale
Southern Oak Bush-cricket
Meconema meridionale is a small bush-cricket in the family Tettigoniidae, native to southern Europe and expanding northward. It measures 14–17 mm in body length (excluding antennae). The species is carnivorous, arboreal, and nocturnal. It has been documented as a predator of the invasive horse-chestnut leaf miner (Cameraria ohridella). Since 2001, it has established populations in the United Kingdom, representing a northward range expansion linked to climate change.
Meconema thalassinum
Oak Bush-cricket, Drumming Katydid
Meconema thalassinum is a small, pale green arboreal bush-cricket in the family Tettigoniidae. Native to Europe, it is the only native arboreal Orthopteran species in the UK and has been introduced to North America within the last 75 years. Males attract females through a unique non-stridulatory method: drumming their hind limbs against leaves to produce vibrations. Unlike most bush-crickets, this species is carnivorous, feeding on invertebrate prey.
Medetera
Woodpecker Flies
Medetera is a large genus of predatory long-legged flies (family Dolichopodidae) comprising approximately 350 species worldwide. Adults are commonly found resting on vertical surfaces, particularly tree trunks, where they adopt a characteristic upright stance that has earned them the common name "woodpecker flies." Adults prey on soft-bodied arthropods, while larvae develop as predators within bark beetle galleries, feeding on eggs, larvae, pupae, and newly emerged adults. Several species have been studied as potential biocontrol agents for forest pest management.
Megophthalminae
Megophthalminae is a subfamily of leafhoppers (Cicadellidae) established by Kirkaldy in 1906. It was historically treated as a separate family or as the subfamily Agalliinae, but phylogenetic analyses have confirmed its placement within Cicadellidae. The subfamily includes four tribes: Adelungiini, Agalliini, Megophthalmini, and Evansiolini. Members are characterized by morphological convergence with treehoppers (Membracoidea), particularly in ocelli and wing modifications. The group originated in the early Cretaceous (~140 million years ago) and shows strong continental-scale biogeographic structure.
Melangyna arctica
Alder Halfband
Melangyna arctica is a Holarctic hoverfly species distributed across northern Europe, Asia, and North America. The species is strongly associated with coniferous and deciduous woodlands, where adults visit flowers of trees and herbs during spring. Larvae develop as predators on aphids in arboreal habitats.
Melanoplus punctulatus
pine tree spur-throat grasshopper, grizzly spur-throat grasshopper
Melanoplus punctulatus is a spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae, commonly known as the pine tree spur-throat grasshopper or grizzly spur-throat grasshopper. The species is recognized for its arboreal habits, distinguishing it from many ground-dwelling grasshopper relatives. It occurs across North America with documented populations in the northeastern United States, Great Lakes region, and western Nebraska. Three subspecies are recognized: M. p. arboreus, M. p. griseus, and M. p. punctulatus.
Metacyrba
Metacyrba is a genus of jumping spiders (family Salticidae) established by Frederick Octavius Pickard-Cambridge in 1901. The genus name derives from Greek μετά ('after, beside') combined with the related salticid genus Cyrba. It contains seven species and one subspecies distributed across the Americas, from the United States through Mexico and the Caribbean to northern South America.
Miagrammopes
Miagrammopes is a genus of cribellate orb-weaving spiders in the family Uloboridae, first described by O. Pickard-Cambridge in 1870. These spiders are distinguished by their reduced eye complement—retaining only four of the original eight eyes—and their highly modified web-building behavior. Rather than constructing traditional orb webs, they spin single horizontal threads with viscid capture silk, employing a unique hunting strategy of maintaining tension and releasing the line with a snap to entangle prey. The genus currently includes 71 recognized species and is distributed across tropical and subtropical regions.
Micreremidae
Micreremidae is a family of oribatid mites comprising at least 4 genera and approximately 14 described species. The family is placed in the superfamily Licneremaeoidea. Known genera include Micreremus, Fenichelia, Mexiceremus, and Phylloribatula. Records indicate arboreal associations, with some species collected from tree branches in tropical forests.
Microcentrum rhombifolium
greater angle-wing katydid, broad-winged katydid, angular-winged katydid
A large, leaf-mimicking katydid native to North America, recognized by its rhombus-shaped green wings and distinctive 'ticking' call. Adults reach 50–65 mm in length and are most active in late summer and autumn. The species is among the most convincing leaf mimics in its family, with broad, reticulate-veined tegmina that provide excellent crypsis in deciduous vegetation. Males produce intermittent calling songs and courtship songs consisting of repeated ticks once a female is attracted.
Murricia
tree trunk spiders
Murricia is a genus of tree trunk spiders in the family Hersiliidae, first described by Eugène Simon in 1882. The genus contains six species distributed across Afro-Asian regions, including Singapore, Sri Lanka, India, and Central Africa. These spiders are characterized by their association with tree bark habitats and possess the elongated spinnerets typical of Hersiliidae.
Myrmecotypus
Myrmecotypus is a genus of ant-mimicking sac spiders in the family Corinnidae, subfamily Castianeirinae. Species exhibit myrmecomorphy—both morphological and behavioral mimicry of ants. The genus was described in 1894 and currently contains fourteen species distributed from the United States to Argentina, with greatest diversity in Central America. Most species are arboreal, though M. mazazoides is ground-dwelling.
Neoponera
Neoponera Panther Ants
Neoponera is a genus of ponerine ants restricted to the Neotropics, ranging from southern Texas to southern Brazil. Workers are slender and medium to large in size (6.5–19 mm), while queens are larger and winged. The genus exhibits diverse nesting behaviors, including ground nests in soil and decaying wood, as well as arboreal ant gardens. Some species, such as those in the N. laevigata species-group, are specialized termite predators.
Neoponera villosa
hairy panther ant, greater Texas bullet ant, giant hunting ant
Neoponera villosa is a large predatory ant in the subfamily Ponerinae, commonly known as the hairy panther ant or greater Texas bullet ant. It inhabits Neotropical regions where it nests in both arboreal and ground-dwelling situations. The species possesses a complex venom containing over 500 peptides with documented antimicrobial, cytolytic, and insecticidal properties. Venom composition exhibits substantial plasticity, varying significantly with season and nesting habitat.
Neotama mexicana
Mexican Two-tailed Spider, Long-spinneret Spider
Neotama mexicana is a species of tree trunk spider in the family Hersiliidae, commonly known as the Mexican two-tailed spider or long-spinneret spider. It is distinguished by its elongated posterior spinnerets, which extend conspicuously beyond the abdomen. The species has been documented from the southern United States through Central America to northern South America, including Peru and Guyana. It is an arboreal species associated with tree trunks and bark habitats.
Ochetellus glaber
black household ant, black house ant, tramp ant, Copper-bellied Ant
Ochetellus glaber is a small ant species native to Australia, widely introduced globally through human commerce. Workers measure 2–3 mm, with queens reaching 5.2–5.5 mm. The species is recognized as a species complex with cryptic diversity, complicating identification and management decisions. It nests arboreally and in structures, forming conspicuous trails to exploit honeydew and food resources. Considered a household pest, it has established populations in Hawaii, Florida, New Zealand, and multiple Asian and Pacific regions.
Oecanthus rileyi
Riley's tree cricket, pine tree cricket
Oecanthus rileyi, commonly known as Riley's tree cricket or pine tree cricket, is a North American tree cricket species in the family Oecanthidae. It belongs to a genus characterized by distinctive singing behavior and arboreal habits. The species was described by Baker in 1905.
Paraphidippus aurantius
emerald jumping spider, golden jumping spider
Paraphidippus aurantius is a species of jumping spider in the family Salticidae, commonly known as the emerald jumping spider or golden jumping spider. It is a solitary, active predator with a relatively large body size for a jumping spider. The species employs a distinctive hunting strategy involving venom injection followed by retreat and observation, enabling it to subdue prey substantially larger than itself. Its distribution spans from the United States through Panama and includes the Greater Antilles.
Parasyrphus
Bristleside Flies
Parasyrphus is a genus of hoverflies (Syrphidae) comprising 31 described species distributed across the Holarctic region. Adults are small to medium-sized (5.6–11 mm) with characteristic yellow abdominal markings. The genus exhibits notable larval trophic diversity: most known larvae are aphid predators on trees, while at least two species (P. nigritarsis and P. melanderi) are specialist predators of leaf beetle eggs and larvae. This dietary specialization is unusual among syrphid flies and involves sophisticated chemical ecology where predators exploit prey defensive secretions as foraging cues.
Pericalina
Pericalina is a subtribe of ground beetles (Carabidae: Lebiinae: Lebiini) comprising arboreal species distributed across tropical and subtropical forests of the New World and Asia. The subtribe includes several complexes distinguished by morphological characters of the mouthparts, pronotum, and ovipositor. New World eucheiloid members are characterized by securiform labial palpomere 3, serrate-setose pronotal margins, and flattened stylomere 2 of the ovipositor. Asian members such as Pericalus exhibit flattened body forms adapted for life under bark. The group has undergone significant diversification in tropical South America with subsequent northward dispersal into Central America and independent radiations in Asia.
Phaneropterinae
Leaf Katydids, Sickle-bearing Bush Crickets, False Katydids, Round-headed Katydids
Phaneropterinae is a large subfamily of katydids (family Tettigoniidae) comprising approximately 2,060 species in 85 genera worldwide. Members are commonly known as leaf katydids, sickle-bearing bush crickets, false katydids, or round-headed katydids. The subfamily name derives from the type genus Phaneroptera, meaning 'visible wing,' referring to the exposed tips of the inner wings in many species. The group was first erected by Hermann Burmeister in 1838 and represents one of the most diverse lineages within Tettigoniidae.
Phidippus otiosus
Canopy Jumping Spider
Phidippus otiosus is a large jumping spider in the family Salticidae, commonly known as the Canopy Jumping Spider. It is primarily arboreal, inhabiting trees in the southeastern United States. Females reach approximately 16 mm in body length, making it one of the larger species in the genus. The species is distinguished by iridescent chelicerae that range from purple to green in color.
Philodromus dispar
Eurasian Running Crab Spider
Philodromus dispar is a small running crab spider native to Eurasia that has been introduced to North America. It is an active hunter that does not build webs, instead ambushing prey on vegetation. The species exhibits pronounced sexual dimorphism in coloration: males are shiny black or dark brown with white margins, while females are highly variable in size and color. Its attachment ability depends on ambient humidity, with optimal adhesion at intermediate humidity levels.
Phyllopalpus
handsome trig, red-headed bush cricket
Phyllopalpus is a genus of small, colorful winged bush crickets in the family Trigonidiidae. The genus contains approximately six described species distributed across the Americas, with P. pulchellus being the most well-known and widespread in North America. Members are distinguished by their striking coloration, enlarged maxillary palps, and arboreal habits. The genus was established by Uhler in 1864.
Phytocoris tiliae
lime plant bug
Phytocoris tiliae is a small plant bug in the family Miridae, commonly known as the lime plant bug. It is associated with deciduous trees across Europe and parts of North America. The species is notable among plant bugs for its predatory habits, feeding on mites and other small insects rather than plant sap alone. Adults are active during summer months and are attracted to light.
Pinalitus
Pinalitus is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae, established by Kelton in 1955. The genus contains approximately six described species. At least one species, Pinalitus atomarius, is known to be phytophagous and associated with conifers, particularly silver fir (Abies alba).
Pityohyphantes
hammock spiders, pine weavers
Pityohyphantes is a genus of sheetweb weavers (family Linyphiidae) commonly known as hammock spiders, named for their slightly convex sheet-like webs suspended by a maze of threads above. The genus name derives from Greek 'pitys' (pine) and 'hyphantes' (weaver), reflecting their frequent association with coniferous forests. Mature females measure approximately 5–7 mm in body length, with males slightly smaller. The genus contains at least 16 species distributed across Europe and North America, with most North American species occurring in western and northern coniferous forests.
Pityohyphantes rubrofasciatus
Hammock spider
Pityohyphantes rubrofasciatus is a species of sheetweb spider in the family Linyphiidae, commonly known as hammock spiders. The genus name derives from Greek meaning "pine weaver," though species occur in both coniferous and hardwood forests. The species constructs flat or slightly convex sheet webs suspended in foliage, typically well above ground level. It occurs across northern North America in the United States and Canada.
Planipollex
Planipollex is a genus of katydids (family Tettigoniidae) in the subfamily Phaneropterinae, tribe Dichopetalini. It was described in 2014 from material collected in the southwestern United States and Mexico. The genus name refers to the flattened, broadened fore tarsi characteristic of these insects. Members of this genus are arboreal bush-crickets found in arid and semi-arid regions.
Pseudomorphini
false-form beetles
Pseudomorphini is a tribe of ground beetles (Carabidae) distinguished by their evolutionary divergence from typical carabid body plans. Members are known for obligate associations with ants, living within ant colonies. The tribe includes the recently described Guyanemorpha spectabilis from French Guiana, which exhibits exceptional size and coloration compared to the generally dull-colored Western Hemisphere species. Research on these beetles remains challenging due to their arboreal ant-nest habitats.
Pseudomyrmex caeciliae
Pseudomyrmex caeciliae is a species of twig ant in the genus Pseudomyrmex, described by Forel in 1913. Like other members of this large Neotropical genus, it exhibits an elongate, wasp-like body form and notably large compound eyes relative to head size. The genus Pseudomyrmex contains over 200 described species, many of which are associated with woody vegetation and some with specialized plant mutualisms. Specific ecological details for P. caeciliae remain poorly documented in available literature.
Pseudomyrmex elongatus
Mangrove Twig Ant
Pseudomyrmex elongatus is a small, slender ant species in the family Formicidae, distributed widely from Mexico to Argentina. It belongs to a genus characterized by exceptionally large eyes relative to head size and an elongate, wasp-like body form. The species is commonly known as the Mangrove Twig Ant, suggesting association with coastal or riparian woody vegetation. Workers are small (head width 0.56–0.68 mm) with a predominantly opaque head and elongated eyes.
Pseudomyrmex simplex
Simple Twig Ant
Pseudomyrmex simplex is a Neotropical ant species in the twig ant genus Pseudomyrmex, characterized by its slender, wasp-like body form and notably large compound eyes. The species inhabits tropical and subtropical regions of South America, where it forages arboreally on vegetation. Like other members of its genus, it exhibits an elongate morphology adapted for life among branches and twigs rather than ground-dwelling.
Pseudophyllinae
True Katydids
Pseudophyllinae is a large subfamily of katydids (Tettigoniidae) distinguished by exceptional leaf-mimicry. Members typically possess broad, flattened forewings with venation patterns that replicate leaf veins, blotches, and even simulated herbivore damage. The group contains over 20 tribes distributed across tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, with major radiations in the Neotropics, Afrotropics, and Southeast Asia. Many species are nocturnal and arboreal, inhabiting forest canopies where their crypsis provides effective predator avoidance.
Psocidae
Common Barklice
Psocidae is a family of barklice in the order Psocodea, distinguished by diagnostic wing venation where the areola postica is fused to the M-vein, forming a discoidal cell. The family contains approximately 86 genera and is widespread globally, with documented diversity in East Africa, Southeast Asia, Melanesia, and the Americas. Psocidae is closely related to Myopsocidae. Many species are arboreal, though specific ecological roles remain understudied.
Psocini
Psocini is a tribe of barklice within the family Psocidae, established by Hagen in 1865. Members of this tribe are small, soft-bodied insects commonly found on tree bark, foliage, and other surfaces where they feed on microflora. The tribe contains multiple genera and is part of the diverse Psocomorpha suborder. Psocini species are generally recognized by their wing venation patterns and body proportions, though precise boundaries between related tribes require detailed morphological examination.
Pterophylla
true katydid
Pterophylla is a genus of true katydids in the family Tettigoniidae, containing approximately five described species distributed primarily in North America. The genus is best known for the northern true katydid (P. camellifolia), whose distinctive "katy-did, katy-didn't" call is a familiar sound of late summer evenings in deciduous forests. Males of this genus produce complex acoustic signals including solo calling, alternating calling with neighboring males, aggressive sounds, and disturbance sounds, with well-studied phonoresponse behavior involving reciprocal inhibition and post-inhibitory excitation.
Raphidioptera
snakeflies
Raphidioptera, commonly known as snakeflies, is an order of predatory holometabolous insects comprising approximately 260 species in two families: Raphidiidae and Inocellidae. The order is distinguished by an elongated prothorax that creates a 'neck-like' appearance, giving rise to their common name. Snakeflies are considered living fossils, with modern species closely resembling forms from the early Jurassic period 140 million years ago. They are primarily arboreal predators of small insects, most commonly associated with wooded habitats and tree bark.
Raphignathoidea
Raphignathoidea is a superfamily of mites in the order Trombidiformes, comprising approximately 1,087 species across 62 genera and 12 families. The group exhibits diverse feeding strategies, including predation on small invertebrates, herbivory, and parasitism. Many species have commercial value in biological pest control. The superfamily occupies varied microhabitats from soil and leaf litter to aquatic environments and agricultural crops.
Scolytodes
Scolytodes is a genus of small bark beetles in the tribe Ctenophorini, distributed throughout the Neotropics from Mexico to South America. Many species are associated with specific host plants, particularly Cecropia and Ficus, with some exhibiting ambrosia beetle behavior involving fungal cultivation in galleries. The genus has undergone extensive taxonomic revision, with numerous new species described from Central and South America in recent decades.
Scudderia fasciata
treetop bush katydid, black-striped katydid
Scudderia fasciata is a species of bush katydid in the family Tettigoniidae, commonly known as the treetop bush katydid or black-striped katydid. It is native to North America, with documented records from the northeastern and north-central United States. Like other members of the genus Scudderia, it is an arboreal insect associated with trees and shrubs. The species was described by Beutenmüller in 1894 and is classified within the subfamily Phaneropterinae.
Smiliini
Smiliini is a tribe of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, subfamily Smiliinae, containing approximately 6 genera and at least 40 described species. Members are predominantly Nearctic in distribution and primarily feed on trees, with many species associated with oak (Quercus). The tribe was historically defined broadly to include Telamonini, but phylogenetic analysis has reinstated Telamonini as a separate tribe, narrowing the definition of Smiliini. Several genera within Smiliini, including Atymna, Cyrtolobus, Heliria, and Telamona, are not monophyletic.
Systenus
Systenus is a genus of long-legged flies (Dolichopodidae: Medeterinae) characterized by larvae that develop in dendrotelme habitats—water-filled hollow tree cavities lined with organic soil. The genus is globally uncommon in collections, likely due to its arboreal adult associations and specialized larval habitat requirements. Despite this rarity, some localities show remarkable species richness; for example, eight species were collected from a single site in Costa Rica. The genus occurs in both tropical and temperate regions, with records from Central America, South America, Europe, and North America.
Tettigoniidae
katydids, bush crickets, long-horned grasshoppers
Tettigoniidae is a large family of orthopteran insects containing over 8,000 described species, commonly known as katydids in North America and bush crickets in the United Kingdom. The family is the only extant member of the superfamily Tettigonioidea within the suborder Ensifera. Members are characterized by extremely long, thread-like antennae that often exceed body length, distinguishing them from true grasshoppers. The family exhibits remarkable diversity in size, ranging from 5 mm to 130 mm, and occupies varied habitats from tropical rainforests to temperate grasslands across all continents except Antarctica.
Trachelidae
Broad-Faced Sac Spiders, Ground Sac Spiders
Trachelidae is a family of araneomorph spiders within the RTA clade, elevated from subfamily status in 2014 based on molecular phylogenetic evidence. The family comprises 29 genera and approximately 307 species distributed across tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions worldwide. Members are commonly known as broad-faced sac spiders or ground sac spiders, though many species are arboreal. The family is characterized by reduced leg spines and other distinctive morphological synapomorphies that distinguish it from related families Corinnidae and Clubionidae.
Trichopsocus dalii
Trichopsocus dalii is a small barklouse species in the family Trichopsocidae, characterized by its green coloration. It has been recorded across Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, and North America. The species is associated with a broad range of woody host plants.
Tydeidae
Tydeidae is a family of soft-bodied mites in the order Trombidiformes, containing over 300 species across three subfamilies. These small arachnids exhibit diverse feeding strategies including scavenging, fungivory, predation, and plant feeding. They are among the most commonly encountered mites in arboreal habitats worldwide, with some species playing significant roles in agriculture as both pests and beneficial organisms.
Vertagopus arboreus
Vertagopus arboreus is a species of elongate-bodied springtail in the family Isotomidae. It is widely distributed across northern Eurasia and parts of Asia. The species is associated with arboreal and ground-level habitats in forested environments. Taxonomic status varies between sources, with some authorities treating it as a synonym of Vertagopus asiaticus.
Xenomyrmex floridanus
Florida Flattened Tree Ant
Xenomyrmex floridanus is a species of ant in the subfamily Myrmicinae, known from Florida, the Caribbean, and parts of Mexico and Central America. The species belongs to a small genus of arboreal ants sometimes referred to as flattened tree ants. Two subspecies are recognized: X. f. floridanus and X. f. skwarrae.
Zelus luridus
Pale green assassin bug
Zelus luridus, commonly called the pale green assassin bug, is a species of assassin bug in the family Reduviidae. It is the most common Zelus species in the eastern United States, ranging from 12.5 to 18 mm in length with a pale green base color and variable markings. The species employs a unique predation strategy using sticky secretions from leg glands to trap prey, earning it the common name 'sundew assassin bug.'
Zelus nugax
Zelus nugax is a species of assassin bug in the family Reduviidae, first described by Stål in 1862. As a member of the genus Zelus, it possesses the characteristic sticky forelegs used to capture prey, a trait that has earned these insects the common name 'sundew assassin bugs.' The species is distributed across the Americas, with records from the Caribbean, Middle America, North America, and South America. Like other Zelus species, it is a predatory insect that feeds on other small arthropods.
Zopherus granicollis ventriosus
Zopherus granicollis ventriosus is a subspecies of ironclad beetle in the family Zopheridae. Like other members of the genus, it possesses an exceptionally hard, heavily sclerotized exoskeleton that makes specimens notoriously difficult to pin for museum collections. The subspecies is distributed across parts of North America and Middle America. Adults are nocturnal and have been observed crawling on tree trunks at night, particularly conifers. The genus Zopherus is well-known among coleopterists for its extreme body armor and the challenges this poses for specimen preparation.