Rarely-collected
Guides
Acanthostichus
Acanthostichus is a genus of predatory, subterranean ants in the subfamily Dorylinae. The genus contains 24 described species distributed across the New World from the southern United States to northern Argentina. These ants are rarely encountered due to their underground lifestyle, and many species are known from very few specimens. Species identification relies heavily on petiole morphology.
Acmaeodera opuntiae
Acmaeodera opuntiae is a small metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, described by Knull in 1966. The species is found in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. Adults are among the smallest members of the genus Acmaeodera and have been collected from flowers of Tiquilia canescens (shrubby tiquilia) in western Texas.
Agaricomorpha
Agaricomorpha is a genus of rove beetles in the family Staphylinidae, subfamily Aleocharinae. It was established by Ashe in 1984 and belongs to the tribe Homalotini and subtribe Gyrophaenina. Members of this subtribe are generally associated with fungi, particularly fleshy mushrooms. The genus is rarely encountered and poorly documented in scientific literature.
Akephorus obesus
Obese Point-bearing Beetle
Akephorus obesus is a small ground beetle in the tribe Dyschiriini, characterized by a notably robust body form that inspired its specific epithet. The species occurs across northern North America, with scattered records from Canada and the United States. As a member of the Carabidae family, it likely inhabits soil and leaf litter environments, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented. The species was originally described by LeConte in 1863 under the genus Dyschirius before transfer to Akephorus.
Amblyctis praeses
Beech False Darkling Beetle
Amblyctis praeses is a small false darkling beetle in the family Melandryidae, described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1879. It is known from eastern Canada, specifically Ontario and Québec. The species has received limited scientific attention, with minimal published information on its biology and ecology.
Anaquedius
Anaquedius is a genus of rove beetles (Staphylinidae) in the tribe Staphylinini, established by Thomas L. Casey in 1915. It belongs to the subtribe Acylophorina. The genus is rarely encountered in collections and literature, with limited published information on its species. Based on its tribal placement, members likely share characteristics with other Staphylinini, though specific diagnostic features remain poorly documented.
Anchomma costatum
Anchomma costatum is a species of darkling beetle in the family Tenebrionidae, described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1858. It belongs to a genus of North American beetles. The species is known from limited collection records and appears to be rarely encountered, with only five documented observations on iNaturalist. As with many tenebrionid beetles, it likely inhabits arid or semi-arid environments, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented.
Anelastes californicus
Anelastes californicus is a species of false click beetle in the family Eucnemidae. The species is known from California and is represented by very few observations in natural history collections. Eucnemidae are a family of elateroid beetles commonly known as false click beetles or eucnemid beetles, distinguished from true click beetles (Elateridae) by subtle morphological differences.
Anthophorula micheneri
Anthophorula micheneri is a small bee species in the family Apidae, tribe Exomalopsini. Originally described as Exomalopsis micheneri in 1947, this species was historically known from limited geographic records. Recent collections from Virginia, USA documented a substantial range extension of approximately 1,350 km northeastward from its previously known distribution. It has been recorded visiting flowers in the family Apiaceae and the genus Agalinis.
Apenes angustata
Apenes angustata is a ground beetle species in the family Carabidae, described by Schwarz in 1878. The genus Apenes comprises small to medium-sized carabid beetles, many of which are associated with moist or riparian habitats. Records indicate presence in the United States, though detailed biological information remains limited. The species is rarely encountered in collections and field observations, with only three documented observations on iNaturalist.
Aphaenogaster huachucana
Aphaenogaster huachucana is a rarely collected ant species described from the Huachuca Mountains of Arizona. The sexual forms (males and females) were described for the first time in 1951. Two subspecies are recognized: A. h. huachucana and A. h. crinimera. The species belongs to the spine-waisted ant genus Aphaenogaster, which includes frequent hosts for myrmecophilous beetles in the southwestern United States.
Aphaenogaster mariae
Mary's Collared Ant
Aphaenogaster mariae is a rarely collected arboreal ant species endemic to the eastern United States. First described in 1886 from specimens collected in Florida by Mary Treat, it remained poorly known until 2021 when the first complete nest was documented in North Carolina. Unlike most congeners that nest in soil or rotting logs, this species inhabits dead branches and under live bark of mature hardwoods, particularly oaks. The first males were photographed and described in 2023, enabling a complete taxonomic redescription of the caste.
Aphelosternus interstitialis
Aphelosternus interstitialis is a species of clown beetle in the family Histeridae, first described by John L. LeConte in 1851. The species is native to western North America, with confirmed records from California. Like other members of the subfamily Saprininae, it is likely associated with decomposing organic matter and carrion, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented. The genus Aphelosternus is a small group within the diverse Histeridae, and species-level biology for most members is not well studied.
Apotropina hirta
Apotropina hirta is a species of frit fly in the family Chloropidae, first described by Loew in 1863. It belongs to the subfamily Siphonellopsinae, a group of small flies often associated with grasses and other herbaceous vegetation. The genus Apotropina contains relatively few described species, and A. hirta appears to be among the more rarely encountered members based on limited observational records. Like other chloropids, adults are typically small and inconspicuous, with larvae that develop in plant tissues.
Aradus leachi
Aradus leachi is a species of flat bug in the family Aradidae, described by Van Duzee in 1929. Flat bugs in this genus are characterized by their dorsoventrally flattened bodies and association with dead wood habitats. The species is known from North America, though detailed biological information remains limited.
Argyrocoris
Argyrocoris is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae, established by Van Duzee in 1912. The genus belongs to the large and diverse mirid fauna of North America. Based on iNaturalist records, it appears to be rarely encountered, with few documented observations. The genus name derives from Greek roots suggesting 'silver' (argyros) and 'bug' (coris), likely referring to coloration in described species.
Arthromacra robinsoni
Arthromacra robinsoni is a species of darkling beetle in the family Tenebrionidae, described by Leng in 1914. It belongs to the subfamily Lagriinae, a group of elongate, often soft-bodied beetles commonly referred to as long-jointed beetles. The genus Arthromacra is characterized by notably long legs and antennae relative to body size. This species appears to be rarely encountered and poorly documented in the literature.
Arundanus rubralineus
Arundanus rubralineus is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by DeLong in 1935. It belongs to the subfamily Deltocephalinae, a large and diverse group of leafhoppers. The species is known from limited records in the southeastern United States. Available documentation suggests it is a rarely collected species with few published observations.
Asteiidae
Fine Flies
Asteiidae is a small family of acalyptrate flies comprising approximately 130 species in 10 genera worldwide. Adults are minute to small (1–3 mm), delicate flies with thin bodies and relatively long, transparent wings. The family is rarely collected, likely due to their small size and inconspicuous habits. Most species are found in forested habitats, with adults often observed on flowers, low vegetation, and fungi.
Ataenius oklahomensis
Ataenius oklahomensis is a small scarab beetle in the subfamily Aphodiinae, described by Brown in 1930. The species is endemic to the south-central United States, with records from Oklahoma, Texas, Arkansas, and Louisiana. Like other members of the genus Ataenius, it is likely associated with soil and decaying organic matter, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented. The species name reflects its type locality in Oklahoma.
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entnature-performance-bonds-relevance-absentdebt-for-nature-swaps-relevance-absentpayments-for-ecosystem-services-relevance-minimalcarbon-markets-relevance-absentbiodiversity-offsets-relevance-minimalhabitat-banking-relevance-minimalspecies-banking-relevance-absentmitigation-banking-relevance-minimalconservation-banking-relevance-minimalwetland-banking-relevance-absentstream-banking-relevance-absentnutrient-banking-relevance-absentsediment-banking-relevance-absentwater-quality-trading-relevance-absentair-quality-trading-relevance-absentbiodiversity-credits-relevance-minimalnature-credits-relevance-minimalcarbon-credits-relevance-absentrenewable-energy-credits-relevance-absentgreen-certificates-relevance-absenteco-labels-relevance-absentsustainability-certifications-relevance-absentfair-trade-relevance-absentorganic-certification-relevance-absentregenerative-agriculture-relevance-minimalagroecology-relevance-minimalpermaculture-relevance-minimalbiodynamic-agriculture-relevance-absentnatural-farming-relevance-minimalconservation-agriculture-relevance-minimalclimate-smart-agriculture-relevance-minimalprecision-agriculture-relevance-minimaldigital-agriculture-relevance-minimalsmart-farming-relevance-minimalvertical-farming-relevance-absenturban-farming-relevance-minimalcontrolled-environment-agriculture-relevance-absenthydroponics-relevance-absentaeroponics-relevance-absentaquaponics-relevance-absentintegrated-multi-trophic-aquaculture-relevance-absentrecirculating-aquaculture-systems-relevance-absentsustainable-intensification-relevance-minimalecological-intensification-relevance-minimalagricultural-diversification-relevance-minimalagroforestry-relevance-minimalsilvopasture-relevance-minimalalley-cropping-relevance-absentriparian-buffers-relevance-minimalwindbreaks-relevance-minimalshelterbelts-relevance-minimalliving-fences-relevance-absenthedgerows-relevance-minimalfield-margins-relevance-minimalbeetle-banks-relevance-minimalwildflower-strips-relevance-minimalpollinator-strips-relevance-minimalnatural-enemy-strips-relevance-minimalconservation-headlands-relevance-minimaluncultivated-patches-relevance-minimalset-aside-relevance-minimalecological-focus-areas-relevance-minimalgreen-infrastructure-relevance-minimalblue-infrastructure-relevance-absentgrey-infrastructure-relevance-minimalnature-based-solutions-relevance-minimalecosystem-based-adaptation-relevance-minimalecosystem-based-disaster-risk-reduction-relevance-minimalecosystem-based-mitigation-relevance-minimalgreen-gray-infrastructure-relevance-minimalsponge-city-concepts-relevance-absentsustainable-drainage-systems-relevance-minimalbioswales-relevance-minimalrain-gardens-relevance-minimalgreen-roofs-relevance-absentgreen-walls-relevance-absenturban-wetlands-relevance-minimalurban-forests-relevance-minimalurban-grasslands-relevance-minimalurban-meadows-relevance-minimalurban-scrub-relevance-minimalurban-heath-relevance-absenturban-mosaics-relevance-minimalrural-urban-gradients-relevance-minimalperi-urban-areas-relevance-minimalrural-areas-relevance-moderateagricultural-landscapes-relevance-moderateforest-landscapes-relevance-minimalgrassland-landscapes-relevance-moderatewetland-landscapes-relevance-minimaldryland-landscapes-relevance-moderatemountain-landscapes-relevance-minimalcoastal-landscapes-relevance-absentmarine-landscapes-relevance-absentfreshwater-landscapes-relevance-minimalriverine-landscapes-relevance-minimallacustrine-landscapes-relevance-minimalpalustrine-landscapes-relevance-minimalestuarine-landscapes-relevance-absentdeltaic-landscapes-relevance-absentkarst-landscapes-relevance-minimalgypsum-landscapes-relevance-possiblesaline-landscapes-relevance-absentsodic-landscapes-relevance-absentalkaline-landscapes-relevance-unknownacidic-landscapes-relevance-unknownnutrient-poor-landscapes-relevance-unknownnutrient-rich-landscapes-relevance-unknowndisturbed-landscapes-relevance-possibledegraded-landscapes-relevance-possiblerestored-landscapes-relevance-possiblereconstructed-landscapes-relevance-possiblerehabilitated-landscapes-relevance-possiblereclaimed-landscapes-relevance-possibleremediated-landscapes-relevance-possiblereforested-landscapes-relevance-minimalafforested-landscapes-relevance-minimaldeforested-landscapes-relevance-minimalfragmented-landscapes-relevance-minimalconnected-landscapes-relevance-minimalpermeable-landscapes-relevance-minimalresilient-landscapes-relevance-minimalvulnerable-landscapes-relevance-minimaladaptive-landscapes-relevance-minimaltransformative-landscapes-relevance-minimalsustainable-landscapes-relevance-minimalregenerative-landscapes-relevance-minimalrestorative-landscapes-relevance-minimalhealing-landscapes-relevance-minimaltherapeutic-landscapes-relevance-minimalsacred-landscapes-relevance-minimalcultural-landscapes-relevance-minimalhistorical-landscapes-relevance-minimalarchaeological-landscapes-relevance-minimalheritage-landscapes-relevance-minimalgeoparks-relevance-minimalbiosphere-reserves-relevance-minimalworld-heritage-sites-relevance-minimalRamsar-sites-relevance-minimalimportant-bird-areas-relevance-minimalimportant-plant-areas-relevance-minimalkey-biodiversity-areas-relevance-minimalprotected-areas-relevance-minimalconservation-areas-relevance-minimalnature-reserves-relevance-minimalwildlife-sanctuaries-relevance-minimalnational-parks-relevance-minimalstate-parks-relevance-possibleprovincial-parks-relevance-absentregional-parks-relevance-minimallocal-parks-relevance-minimalcommunity-conserved-areas-relevance-minimalindigenous-protected-areas-relevance-absentprivate-protected-areas-relevance-minimalconservation-easements-relevance-minimalland-trusts-relevance-minimalconservation-covenants-relevance-absentstewardship-agreements-relevance-minimalmanagement-agreements-relevance-minimalco-management-arrangements-relevance-minimaljoint-management-arrangements-relevance-absenttransboundary-conservation-relevance-absentpeace-parks-relevance-absentcorridors-relevance-minimalnetworks-relevance-minimalmosaics-relevance-minimal,Attenuipyga platyrhyncha
Attenuipyga platyrhyncha is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, described by Osborn in 1894. It belongs to a small genus of Nearctic leafhoppers. The species has been documented in scattered localities across the central and western United States and Canada.
Aulacidae
Aulacid Wasps
Aulacidae is a small, cosmopolitan family of parasitoid wasps in the superfamily Evanioidea, containing approximately 200 known species across two extant genera: Aulacus and Pristaulacus. These wasps are primarily endoparasitoids of wood-boring insects, specifically targeting larvae of wood wasps (Xiphydriidae) and xylophagous beetles in the families Cerambycidae and Buprestidae. They are closely related to Gasteruptiidae and Evaniidae, sharing the distinctive evanioid trait of having the metasoma attached high on the propodeum above the hind coxae. Despite their wide distribution, aulacids are rarely collected and poorly studied, particularly in the Southern Hemisphere.
Barytarbes
Barytarbes is a genus of ichneumon wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, described by Förster in 1869. The genus contains species of parasitoid wasps, though specific details about their biology remain poorly documented. Records indicate presence in Scandinavia. The genus is rarely encountered and has received limited study.
Bembidion rufinum
Bembidion rufinum is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae, first described by Lindroth in 1963. It is known from North America, with records from Alaska, Canada, and the United States. As a member of the large genus Bembidion, it is one of many small carabid beetles that inhabit varied terrestrial environments. Very few observational records exist for this species.
Bickelomyia
Bickelomyia is a genus of small flies in the family Dolichopodidae, described by Naglis in 2002. It is currently known from Mexico and Costa Rica. The genus was named in honor of Australian dipterologist Daniel J. Bickel. The genus contains five described species, all described in the same 2002 publication.
Bohartia
Bohartia is a genus of robber flies in the family Asilidae, established by Hull in 1958. The genus is poorly documented in scientific literature, with minimal published information on its biology and ecology. It belongs to the diverse assemblage of predatory flies characterized by aerial hunting behavior. The genus appears to be rare in collections and field observations, with limited taxonomic study beyond its original description.
Bonneyana terminalis
Bonneyana terminalis is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, originally described as Idiodonus terminalis by Ball in 1937. It belongs to the tribe Platymetopiini within the subfamily Deltocephalinae, a diverse group of plant-feeding insects commonly known as sharpshooters or leafhoppers. The genus Bonneyana is a small taxon within this tribe, with limited published information on its biology and distribution.
Boreogalba
Boreogalba is a genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Braconidae, established by Mackauer in 1962. As a member of the Ichneumonoidea superfamily, species in this genus are presumed to be koinobiont or idiobiont parasitoids of other insects, though specific host associations remain poorly documented. The genus is characterized by morphological features typical of braconid wasps, including reduced wing venation and a compact body form. Taxonomic knowledge of Boreogalba is limited, with few species descriptions and minimal biological study.
Caccoplectus
Caccoplectus is a genus of myrmecophilous (ant-loving) rove beetles in the family Staphylinidae, subfamily Pselaphinae. The genus was established by Sharp in 1887 and contains approximately nine described species. These beetles are associated with ant colonies, a common ecological strategy among pselaphine beetles. Most species have been described from the Neotropical region, particularly Central America.
myrmecophileant-associatedpselaphinerove-beetleNeotropicalStaphylinidaePselaphinaeArhytodinitropicalant-colony-inhabitantinquilinemicrohabitat-specialistleaf-littersoil-dwellingcrypticrarely-collectedsmall-beetlemorphologically-specialized1887-descriptionSharpCentral-AmericaPanamaColeopteraPolyphagaStaphyliniformiaStaphylinoideaPselaphitaegenus-levelnine-speciesconicusdegallierilucidusnuttingipectinatusschwarzisentisspinipessucineasspine-legged-pselaphidChandlerWoldaSchaeffer190619761986type-species-unknownrarely-observediNaturalist:-2-observationsCatalogue-of-Life-acceptedGBIF-acceptedNCBI-acceptedEukaryotaMetazoaHexapodaInsectaArthropodaAnimaliabeetleinsectarthropodanimalCaenocara scymnoides
Cub Puffball Beetle
Caenocara scymnoides is a small anobiine beetle in the family Ptinidae (formerly placed in Anobiidae), known by the common name Cub Puffball Beetle. It occurs in North America, with records from western Canadian provinces including Alberta, British Columbia, and Manitoba. The species is rarely collected, with only two observations documented on iNaturalist.
Callomyia venusta
flat-footed fly
Callomyia venusta is a species of flat-footed fly in the family Platypezidae, first described by Snow in 1894. It belongs to a small family of flies characterized by their distinctive flattened tarsi. The species has been documented in the northeastern United States, with records from Vermont. Like other members of the genus Callomyia, it likely shares the family's typical morphology and ecological associations, though specific details about its biology remain poorly documented.
Campoplex frustranae
Campoplex frustranae is a species of ichneumon wasp described by Cushman in 1927. It belongs to the subfamily Campopleginae, a group of parasitoid wasps that develop inside host insects. The specific epithet "frustranae" suggests an association with the genus Frusana (a genus of tortricid moths), though this relationship has not been confirmed in published literature. Like other Campoplex species, it likely parasitizes lepidopteran larvae. The species is rarely collected and poorly known.
Caplothorax californicus
Caplothorax californicus is a species of beetle in the family Nitidulidae, commonly known as sap beetles. The genus Caplothorax is a small and poorly studied group within this family. Very little published information exists regarding the biology, ecology, or distribution of this particular species. The specific epithet "californicus" indicates a type locality or primary association with California.
Capraita quercata
Capraita quercata is a flea beetle (Chrysomelidae: Alticini) native to North America. The species epithet "quercata" indicates an association with oak (Quercus). As a member of the Alticini tribe, it possesses enlarged hind femora adapted for jumping. Observation records are sparse, with limited documentation of its biology and ecology.
Catamergus kickapoo
Catamergus kickapoo is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, described by Hottes and Frison in 1931 from Kickapoo State Park, Illinois. It belongs to the tribe Macrosiphini and is one of the few species in the genus Catamergus. Very little is known about its biology or ecology.
Cedius
Cedius is a genus of ant-loving beetles in the family Staphylinidae, established by John Lawrence LeConte in 1849. The genus contains at least three described species: C. cruralis, C. spinosus, and C. ziegleri. Members belong to the subfamily Pselaphinae, a group of small rove beetles frequently associated with ant colonies. The genus is rarely encountered, with minimal observational records available.
Cerotainiops mcclayi
Cerotainiops mcclayi is a species of robber fly (Family Asilidae) described by Martin in 1959. The genus Cerotainiops contains small, slender robber flies often associated with sandy or open habitats. Members of this genus are characterized by their elongated body form and reduced wing venation compared to larger asilid genera. This species is part of a group of diminutive robber flies that are frequently overlooked due to their small size and cryptic behavior.
Chilometopon microps
Chilometopon microps is a species of darkling beetle (family Tenebrionidae) described in 1990. As a member of this large beetle family, it is adapted to arid or semi-arid environments typical of many tenebrionids. The genus Chilometopon is relatively obscure, with limited published biological information.
ColeopteraTenebrionidaedarkling-beetlebeetleinsectarthropodobscure-specieslittle-known-biologyChilometoponChilometopon-micropsMacLachlan-&-Olson-1990rarely-collectedundocumented-ecologyundocumented-morphologyundocumented-behaviorundocumented-life-historyundocumented-distributionundocumented-habitatdata-deficientGBIF-acceptediNaturalist-documentedChlorochroa dismalia
Dismal Swamp Stink Bug
Chlorochroa dismalia is a stink bug species in the family Pentatomidae, described by Thomas in 1983. It is commonly known as the Dismal Swamp Stink Bug. The species belongs to the genus Chlorochroa, which includes several stink bug species associated with various host plants in North America. Very limited information is available about this particular species in the scientific literature.
Chrysobothris carinipennis
Keel-winged Jewel Beetle
Chrysobothris carinipennis is a metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, described by LeConte in 1878. It is found in western North America, with confirmed records from Alberta and British Columbia in Canada. Like other members of the genus Chrysobothris, it is associated with woody plants, though specific host associations for this species remain poorly documented compared to better-studied congeners.
Circotettix stenometopus
Circotettix stenometopus is a band-winged grasshopper species in the family Acrididae, described by Strohecker & Buxton in 1963. It belongs to the genus Circotettix, which contains several North American species characterized by their banded wing patterns and active flight behavior. The species is known from limited records in western North America.
Conisattus
Conisattus is a genus of darkling beetles (family Tenebrionidae) described by Casey in 1895. The genus is poorly documented, with minimal published information on its biology and morphology. It appears to be restricted to the Nearctic region. The genus contains few known species and has received limited taxonomic study.
Cornuplura nigroalbata
Western Pinto Cicada
Cornuplura nigroalbata is a rarely collected cicada species first described by Davis in 1936. The species exhibits a distinctive black and white color pattern. Males produce amplitude-modulated calling songs with a dominant frequency of approximately 6.5 kHz. The Arizona population represents the northernmost known extension of the species' range.
Cubocephalus atriclunis
Cubocephalus atriclunis is a species of ichneumon wasp described by Townes and Gupta in 1962. The genus Cubocephalus belongs to the large family Ichneumonidae, a diverse group of parasitoid wasps. Very few records of this species exist in public databases. The specific epithet atriclunis refers to dark (ater/black) and club (clunis) characteristics, likely describing a morphological feature of the species.
Custotychus
Custotychus is a genus of rove beetles (Staphylinidae) in the subfamily Pselaphinae, tribe Tychini. The genus was established by Park and Wagner in 1962. Members of this genus are small beetles associated with forest floor habitats. The genus is rarely encountered, with only four observations recorded on iNaturalist as of the source data.
Cycloplasis immaculata
A species of metalmark moth in the family Heliodinidae, described by Braun in 1940. Very little is known about its biology or ecology. The genus Cycloplasis is small and poorly studied, with most species known only from limited collection records.
Cyrtogaster capitanea
Cyrtogaster capitanea is a species of chalcid wasp in the family Pteromalidae, first described by Heydon in 1989. It belongs to the tribe Sphegigastrini within the subfamily Miscogastrinae. The species is known from western and northern Canada, with records from British Columbia and the Northwest Territories. As with other members of the genus Cyrtogaster, it is likely associated with parasitoid biology, though specific host relationships for this species remain undocumented.
Dagamaea
Dagamaea is a genus of springtails in the family Isotomidae, subfamily Anurophorinae. It was established by R. Yosii in 1965. The genus has been recorded from disjunct localities across the Caribbean, North America, Central Australia, and the Pacific coast of North America. Like other isotomids, members of this genus are small, soil-dwelling hexapods with a furcula (springing organ) for escape locomotion.
Desmatogaster
Desmatogaster is a genus of small beetles in the family Ptinidae (formerly Anobiidae), established by Knutson in 1963. The genus contains at least one described species, D. subconnata. These beetles belong to the group commonly known as spider beetles or deathwatch beetles, though specific ecological details for this genus remain poorly documented.
Diacritus
Diacritus is a genus of ichneumon wasps in the family Ichneumonidae. The genus was established by Förster in 1869 and contains species distributed across northern Europe. As with other ichneumonid genera, members are parasitoids, though specific host associations for most species remain poorly documented. The genus is rarely encountered in collections and has received limited taxonomic study.