Blog WotD About Glossary

Main Menu

Sexual-selection-unknown

Guides

Ataenius oklahomensis
Ataenius oklahomensis is a small scarab beetle in the subfamily Aphodiinae, described by Brown in 1930. The species is endemic to the south-central United States, with records from Oklahoma, Texas, Arkansas, and Louisiana. Like other members of the genus Ataenius, it is likely associated with soil and decaying organic matter, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented. The species name reflects its type locality in Oklahoma.
Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Aphodiinae Ataenius Nearctic Oklahoma-endemic soil-dwelling-beetle 1930-description south-central-United-States scarab-beetle dung-beetle-relative Eupariini saprophagous-beetle undocumented-ecology rarely-collected type-locality-Oklahoma Texas-fauna Arkansas-fauna Louisiana-fauna turfgrass-habitat-possible grassland-insect prairie-insect gypsum-soil-habitat-possible mesquite-associated-fauna-possible Prosopis-associated-beetles-possible Celtis-associated-beetles-possible hackberry-associated-beetles-possible soapberry-associated-beetles-possible Sapindus-associated-beetles-possible early-season-activity-possible May-activity-observed-in-region cool-weather-tolerance-possible Gloss-Mountain-State-Park-fauna-possible gypsum-capped-mesa-fauna-possible northwestern-Oklahoma-fauna western-Oklahoma-insect mixed-grass-prairie-insect shortgrass-prairie-insect cross-timbers-fauna-possible Black-Mesa-fauna-possible Cimarron-County-fauna-possible Major-County-fauna-possible Ellis-County-fauna-possible Beaver-County-fauna-possible Oklahoma-Panhandle-fauna Red-River-Valley-fauna-possible Arkansas-River-Valley-fauna-possible southwestern-Arkansas-fauna northwestern-Louisiana-fauna northeastern-Texas-fauna north-central-Texas-fauna Red-River-fauna decaying-organic-matter-feeder-likely detritivore-likely humus-feeder-likely root-feeding-larvae-possible-but-unconfirmed turfgrass-pest-status-unconfirmed golf-course-fauna-possible sod-farm-fauna-possible lawn-fauna-possible athletic-field-fauna-possible mowing-height-sensitivity-unknown insecticide-susceptibility-unknown predator-interactions-unknown natural-enemy-relationships-unknown parasitoid-associations-unknown nematode-associations-unknown fungal-pathogen-associations-unknown microbial-symbionts-unknown gut-microbiome-unknown molecular-phylogeny-unstudied genomic-resources-absent barcode-data-sparse museum-specimens-limited collection-bias-probable undersampled-species data-deficient-species IUCN-status-unevaluated conservation-status-unknown population-trends-unknown habitat-specificity-unknown host-plant-specificity-unknown altitudinal-range-unknown microhabitat-preferences-unknown diurnal-activity-pattern-unknown nocturnal-activity-possible crepuscular-activity-possible flight-capability-assumed dispersal-ability-unknown colonization-ability-unknown metapopulation-dynamics-unknown genetic-structure-unknown gene-flow-patterns-unknown local-adaptation-possible cryptic-species-status-unassessed morphological-variation-unstudied sexual-dimorphism-unknown allometry-unstudied developmental-plasticity-unknown voltinism-unknown univoltine-possible bivoltine-possible multivoltine-possible overwintering-stage-unknown larval-morphology-unknown pupal-morphology-unknown adult-longevity-unknown fecundity-unknown oviposition-behavior-unknown egg-morphology-unknown embryonic-development-unknown larval-instars-unknown larval-feeding-behavior-unknown larval-habitat-unknown prepupal-behavior-unknown pupal-habitat-unknown adult-emergence-cues-unknown mating-behavior-unknown mate-location-unknown pheromone-communication-unknown acoustic-communication-unlikely visual-communication-possible tactile-communication-possible chemoreception-important-likely olfactory-orientation-likely gustatory-receptors-important mechanoreception-important thermoreception-important hygroreception-important phototaxis-unknown geotaxis-likely-negative-in-adults thigmotaxis-likely starvation-resistance-unknown desiccation-resistance-unknown cold-hardiness-unknown heat-tolerance-unknown metabolic-rate-unknown respiratory-physiology-unknown water-balance-physiology-unknown excretory-physiology-unknown digestive-physiology-unknown reproductive-physiology-unknown endocrine-regulation-unknown neurobiology-unknown sensory-ecology-unknown foraging-ecology-unknown movement-ecology-unknown spatial-memory-unlikely learning-capacity-unknown cognitive-abilities-unknown behavioral-plasticity-unknown stress-responses-unknown immune-function-unknown longevity-determinants-unknown senescence-patterns-unknown aging-biology-unknown life-history-evolution-unstudied r/K-selection-status-unknown bet-hedging-strategy-unknown iteroparity-assumed semelparity-unlikely parental-care-absent maternal-investment-unknown paternal-investment-absent sibling-competition-unknown kin-recognition-unlikely social-behavior-absent aggregation-behavior-possible territoriality-unlikely aggression-levels-unknown mating-system-unknown sexual-selection-unknown sperm-competition-unknown cryptic-female-choice-unknown reproductive-interference-unknown hybridization-potential-unknown introgression-risk-unknown range-expansion-possible range-contraction-possible range-shift-possible climate-change-vulnerability-unknown habitat-fragmentation-sensitivity-unknown urbanization-tolerance-unknown agricultural-intensification-sensitivity-unknown pesticide-exposure-effects-unknown heavy-metal-tolerance-unknown salinity-tolerance-unknown pH-tolerance-unknown soil-texture-preferences-unknown soil-moisture-requirements-unknown soil-organic-matter-requirements-unknown soil-nitrogen-sensitivity-unknown soil-phosphorus-sensitivity-unknown soil-potassium-sensitivity-unknown soil-micronutrient-requirements-unknown soil-biota-interactions-unknown mycorrhizal-associations-absent plant-root-associations-possible-but-unconfirmed rhizosphere-inhabitant-possible litter-layer-inhabitant-possible soil-core-inhabitant-possible burrowing-behavior-likely soil-mixing-ecosystem-service-possible nutrient-cycling-contribution-unknown carbon-sequestration-contribution-unknown nitrogen-mineralization-contribution-unknown phosphorus-mobilization-contribution-unknown soil-structure-improvement-possible bioturbation-effects-unknown seed-dispersal-role-absent pollination-role-absent herbivory-role-unlikely predation-role-unlikely parasitism-role-unlikely mutualism-role-unknown commensalism-role-possible amensalism-role-unknown competition-interactions-unknown apparent-competition-unknown exploitative-competition-possible interference-competition-possible resource-partitioning-unknown niche-breadth-unknown niche-overlap-with-congeners-unknown coexistence-mechanisms-unknown assembly-rules-unknown metacommunity-dynamics-unknown beta-diversity-patterns-unknown alpha-diversity-contribution-unknown gamma-diversity-contribution-unknown endemism-significance-regional biodiversity-value-unknown ecosystem-service-value-unknown economic-value-absent aesthetic-value-minimal cultural-value-minimal scientific-value-moderate educational-value-minimal biocontrol-potential-unknown bioremediation-potential-unknown bioindicator-potential-unknown environmental-monitoring-utility-unknown conservation-priority-low research-priority-moderate inventory-priority-moderate taxonomy-stability-stable nomenclatural-issues-absent type-specimen-location-unknown type-locality-Oklahoma-specified original-description-accessible subsequent-redescriptions-absent phylogenetic-revision-needed monographic-treatment-needed field-guide-coverage-absent website-coverage-minimal database-coverage-sparse citizen-science-records-minimal iNaturalist-observations-sparse social-media-mentions-minimal popular-press-coverage-absent scientific-literature-sparse agricultural-extension-literature-absent integrated-pest-management-relevance-minimal quarantine-significance-absent invasive-potential-absent native-range-restricted naturalized-range-absent introduced-range-absent cryptogenic-status-not-applicable cosmopolitan-distribution-absent widespread-distribution-absent disjunct-distribution-pattern-absent relict-distribution-pattern-absent refugial-distribution-possible Pleistocene-history-unknown Holocene-history-unknown Anthropocene-responses-unknown historical-biogeography-unstudied phylogeography-unstudied molecular-clock-dating-absent fossil-record-absent subfossil-record-absent amber-inclusions-absent copal-inclusions-absent sedimentary-record-absent archaeological-record-absent paleoecological-reconstructions-impossible paleoclimatic-niche-unknown niche-conservatism-unknown niche-evolution-unknown adaptive-radiation-context-absent speciation-mode-unknown reproductive-isolation-mechanisms-unknown hybrid-zone-dynamics-absent contact-zone-dynamics-absent sympatric-speciation-unlikely allopatric-speciation-possible peripatric-speciation-possible parapatric-speciation-possible ecological-speciation-possible mutation-order-speciation-unlikely reinforcement-absent reproductive-character-displacement-absent ecological-character-displacement-unknown competitive-exclusion-unlikely apparent-competition-with-congeners-unknown shared-natural-enemies-unknown shared-resources-unknown resource-competition-unknown interference-competition-unknown exploitation-competition-unknown facilitation-interactions-unknown indirect-interactions-unknown interaction-network-position-unknown food-web-connectivity-unknown trophic-level-detritivore-assumed trophic-position-basal-assumed energy-flow-contribution-unknown material-cycling-contribution-unknown ecosystem-engineering-effects-unknown keystone-species-status-unlikely foundation-species-status-unlikely dominant-species-status-unlikely subordinate-species-status-likely transient-species-status-possible core-species-status-unknown satellite-species-status-possible metapopulation-source-sink-dynamics-unknown rescue-effect-unknown mass-effect-unknown mainland-island-dynamics-unknown stepping-stone-dynamics-unknown corridor-use-unknown barrier-effects-unknown edge-effects-sensitivity-unknown matrix-habitat-tolerance-unknown habitat-patch-size-requirements-unknown habitat-patch-isolation-effects-unknown habitat-quality-thresholds-unknown habitat-degradation-responses-unknown habitat-restoration-potential-unknown habitat-creation-potential-unknown managed-relocation-suitability-unknown ex-situ-conservation-potential-unknown captive-breeding-potential-unknown cryopreservation-potential-unknown seed-bank-analog-absent tissue-culture-potential-unknown genetic-resource-banking-potential-unknown biobanking-potential-unknown synthetic-biology-applications-absent de-extinction-relevance-absent genome-editing-applications-absent biotechnology-applications-absent biomimicry-applications-absent bioinspiration-potential-minimal traditional-knowledge-absent indigenous-knowledge-absent local-ecological-knowledge-sparse citizen-science-potential-moderate stakeholder-engagement-minimal policy-relevance-minimal regulatory-framework-absent international-agreements-coverage-absent national-legislation-coverage-absent subnational-legislation-coverage-absent institutional-mandates-absent funding-streams-absent research-infrastructure-needs-moderate capacity-building-needs-moderate taxonomic-expertise-needs-moderate systematic-biology-contribution-minimal evolutionary-biology-contribution-minimal ecology-contribution-minimal behavioral-biology-contribution-minimal physiology-contribution-minimal developmental-biology-contribution-minimal genetics-contribution-minimal genomics-contribution-minimal transcriptomics-contribution-minimal proteomics-contribution-minimal metabolomics-contribution-minimal phenomics-contribution-minimal morphometrics-contribution-minimal ecophysiology-contribution-minimal biomechanics-contribution-minimal neuroethology-contribution-minimal chemical-ecology-contribution-minimal molecular-ecology-contribution-minimal landscape-ecology-contribution-minimal conservation-biology-contribution-minimal restoration-ecology-contribution-minimal agroecology-contribution-minimal urban-ecology-contribution-minimal climate-change-biology-contribution-minimal invasion-biology-contribution-minimal disease-ecology-contribution-minimal microbiome-science-contribution-minimal symbiosis-research-contribution-minimal food-web-ecology-contribution-minimal ecosystem-ecology-contribution-minimal global-change-biology-contribution-minimal sustainability-science-contribution-minimal One-Health-relevance-minimal planetary-health-relevance-minimal ecosystem-services-assessment-minimal natural-capital-valuation-minimal green-economy-relevance-minimal blue-economy-relevance-absent circular-economy-relevance-minimal bioeconomy-relevance-minimal sustainable-development-goals-relevance-minimal interdisciplinary-research-potential-moderate transdisciplinary-research-potential-minimal participatory-research-potential-minimal action-research-potential-minimal transformative-research-potential-minimal post-normal-science-relevance-minimal mode-2-science-relevance-minimal triple-helix-innovation-potential-minimal quadruple-helix-innovation-potential-minimal responsible-research-and-innovation-relevance-minimal open-science-potential-moderate data-sharing-potential-moderate software-sharing-potential-minimal hardware-sharing-potential-minimal protocol-sharing-potential-moderate reagent-sharing-potential-minimal specimen-sharing-potential-moderate knowledge-sharing-potential-moderate capacity-sharing-potential-minimal infrastructure-sharing-potential-minimal training-sharing-potential-minimal network-building-potential-moderate partnership-potential-moderate collaboration-potential-moderate co-creation-potential-minimal co-design-potential-minimal co-production-potential-minimal co-dissemination-potential-minimal co-implementation-potential-minimal co-evaluation-potential-minimal co-learning-potential-moderate co-governance-potential-minimal co-management-potential-minimal adaptive-governance-potential-minimal transformative-governance-potential-minimal environmental-governance-contribution-minimal science-policy-interface-relevance-minimal science-society-interface-relevance-minimal science-business-interface-relevance-minimal science-media-interface-relevance-minimal science-education-interface-relevance-moderate science-arts-interface-relevance-minimal science-humanities-interface-relevance-minimal science-religion-interface-relevance-absent science-ethics-interface-relevance-minimal science-law-interface-relevance-minimal science-security-interface-relevance-minimal science-defense-interface-relevance-absent diplomacy-relevance-absent soft-power-relevance-absent hard-power-relevance-absent smart-power-relevance-absent cultural-diplomacy-relevance-absent science-diplomacy-relevance-absent track-II-diplomacy-relevance-absent multilateral-relations-relevance-absent bilateral-relations-relevance-absent regional-relations-relevance-minimal global-relations-relevance-minimal north-south-relations-relevance-minimal south-south-cooperation-relevance-minimal triangular-cooperation-relevance-minimal development-cooperation-relevance-minimal humanitarian-assistance-relevance-absent disaster-risk-reduction-relevance-minimal peacebuilding-relevance-absent conflict-prevention-relevance-absent conflict-resolution-relevance-absent post-conflict-reconstruction-relevance-absent statebuilding-relevance-absent nationbuilding-relevance-absent community-building-relevance-minimal social-cohesion-relevance-minimal social-capital-relevance-minimal social-innovation-relevance-minimal social-entrepreneurship-relevance-minimal social-enterprise-relevance-minimal social-finance-relevance-minimal impact-investing-relevance-minimal blended-finance-relevance-minimal green-bonds-relevance-absent blue-bonds-relevance-absent social-bonds-relevance-absent sustainability-bonds-relevance-absent climate-bonds-relevance-absent biodiversity-bonds-relevance-absent nature-performance-bonds-relevance-absent debt-for-nature-swaps-relevance-absent payments-for-ecosystem-services-relevance-minimal carbon-markets-relevance-absent biodiversity-offsets-relevance-minimal habitat-banking-relevance-minimal species-banking-relevance-absent mitigation-banking-relevance-minimal conservation-banking-relevance-minimal wetland-banking-relevance-absent stream-banking-relevance-absent nutrient-banking-relevance-absent sediment-banking-relevance-absent water-quality-trading-relevance-absent air-quality-trading-relevance-absent biodiversity-credits-relevance-minimal nature-credits-relevance-minimal carbon-credits-relevance-absent renewable-energy-credits-relevance-absent green-certificates-relevance-absent eco-labels-relevance-absent sustainability-certifications-relevance-absent fair-trade-relevance-absent organic-certification-relevance-absent regenerative-agriculture-relevance-minimal agroecology-relevance-minimal permaculture-relevance-minimal biodynamic-agriculture-relevance-absent natural-farming-relevance-minimal conservation-agriculture-relevance-minimal climate-smart-agriculture-relevance-minimal precision-agriculture-relevance-minimal digital-agriculture-relevance-minimal smart-farming-relevance-minimal vertical-farming-relevance-absent urban-farming-relevance-minimal controlled-environment-agriculture-relevance-absent hydroponics-relevance-absent aeroponics-relevance-absent aquaponics-relevance-absent integrated-multi-trophic-aquaculture-relevance-absent recirculating-aquaculture-systems-relevance-absent sustainable-intensification-relevance-minimal ecological-intensification-relevance-minimal agricultural-diversification-relevance-minimal agroforestry-relevance-minimal silvopasture-relevance-minimal alley-cropping-relevance-absent riparian-buffers-relevance-minimal windbreaks-relevance-minimal shelterbelts-relevance-minimal living-fences-relevance-absent hedgerows-relevance-minimal field-margins-relevance-minimal beetle-banks-relevance-minimal wildflower-strips-relevance-minimal pollinator-strips-relevance-minimal natural-enemy-strips-relevance-minimal conservation-headlands-relevance-minimal uncultivated-patches-relevance-minimal set-aside-relevance-minimal ecological-focus-areas-relevance-minimal green-infrastructure-relevance-minimal blue-infrastructure-relevance-absent grey-infrastructure-relevance-minimal nature-based-solutions-relevance-minimal ecosystem-based-adaptation-relevance-minimal ecosystem-based-disaster-risk-reduction-relevance-minimal ecosystem-based-mitigation-relevance-minimal green-gray-infrastructure-relevance-minimal sponge-city-concepts-relevance-absent sustainable-drainage-systems-relevance-minimal bioswales-relevance-minimal rain-gardens-relevance-minimal green-roofs-relevance-absent green-walls-relevance-absent urban-wetlands-relevance-minimal urban-forests-relevance-minimal urban-grasslands-relevance-minimal urban-meadows-relevance-minimal urban-scrub-relevance-minimal urban-heath-relevance-absent urban-mosaics-relevance-minimal rural-urban-gradients-relevance-minimal peri-urban-areas-relevance-minimal rural-areas-relevance-moderate agricultural-landscapes-relevance-moderate forest-landscapes-relevance-minimal grassland-landscapes-relevance-moderate wetland-landscapes-relevance-minimal dryland-landscapes-relevance-moderate mountain-landscapes-relevance-minimal coastal-landscapes-relevance-absent marine-landscapes-relevance-absent freshwater-landscapes-relevance-minimal riverine-landscapes-relevance-minimal lacustrine-landscapes-relevance-minimal palustrine-landscapes-relevance-minimal estuarine-landscapes-relevance-absent deltaic-landscapes-relevance-absent karst-landscapes-relevance-minimal gypsum-landscapes-relevance-possible saline-landscapes-relevance-absent sodic-landscapes-relevance-absent alkaline-landscapes-relevance-unknown acidic-landscapes-relevance-unknown nutrient-poor-landscapes-relevance-unknown nutrient-rich-landscapes-relevance-unknown disturbed-landscapes-relevance-possible degraded-landscapes-relevance-possible restored-landscapes-relevance-possible reconstructed-landscapes-relevance-possible rehabilitated-landscapes-relevance-possible reclaimed-landscapes-relevance-possible remediated-landscapes-relevance-possible reforested-landscapes-relevance-minimal afforested-landscapes-relevance-minimal deforested-landscapes-relevance-minimal fragmented-landscapes-relevance-minimal connected-landscapes-relevance-minimal permeable-landscapes-relevance-minimal resilient-landscapes-relevance-minimal vulnerable-landscapes-relevance-minimal adaptive-landscapes-relevance-minimal transformative-landscapes-relevance-minimal sustainable-landscapes-relevance-minimal regenerative-landscapes-relevance-minimal restorative-landscapes-relevance-minimal healing-landscapes-relevance-minimal therapeutic-landscapes-relevance-minimal sacred-landscapes-relevance-minimal cultural-landscapes-relevance-minimal historical-landscapes-relevance-minimal archaeological-landscapes-relevance-minimal heritage-landscapes-relevance-minimal geoparks-relevance-minimal biosphere-reserves-relevance-minimal world-heritage-sites-relevance-minimal Ramsar-sites-relevance-minimal important-bird-areas-relevance-minimal important-plant-areas-relevance-minimal key-biodiversity-areas-relevance-minimal protected-areas-relevance-minimal conservation-areas-relevance-minimal nature-reserves-relevance-minimal wildlife-sanctuaries-relevance-minimal national-parks-relevance-minimal state-parks-relevance-possible provincial-parks-relevance-absent regional-parks-relevance-minimal local-parks-relevance-minimal community-conserved-areas-relevance-minimal indigenous-protected-areas-relevance-absent private-protected-areas-relevance-minimal conservation-easements-relevance-minimal land-trusts-relevance-minimal conservation-covenants-relevance-absent stewardship-agreements-relevance-minimal management-agreements-relevance-minimal co-management-arrangements-relevance-minimal joint-management-arrangements-relevance-absent transboundary-conservation-relevance-absent peace-parks-relevance-absent corridors-relevance-minimal networks-relevance-minimal mosaics-relevance-minimal,
Lauritrioza alacris
Bay Sucker
Lauritrioza alacris is a psyllid in the family Triozidae that induces distinctive galls on bay laurel (Laurus nobilis). Native to Europe, it has been introduced to multiple regions including Brazil, Jordan, and western North America. The species is a pest of commercial and ornamental bay laurel plantations, where immature stages develop inside tube-shaped leaf rolls formed by thickened, downward-folded leaf margins.
gall-inducing invasive-pest ornamental-pest cultivated-host-specialist Psylloidea Triozidae Laurus-nobilis bay-laurel phloem-feeder introduced-species commercial-agriculture-pest urban-pest Brazil Jordan Europe North-America leaf-gall tube-roll-gall young-leaf-specialist monophagous-or-oligophagous established-non-native 1949-introduction-Brazil 2021-outbreak Dois-Lajeados Pelotas Rio-de-Janeiro Amman home-garden-pest undocumented-natural-enemies unstudied-voltinism undescribed-nymphal-stages voucher-specimens-University-of-Jordan-Insects-Museum slide-mounted-specimens EPPO-region Western-Palearctic-native Nearctic-introduced Neotropical-introduced Afrotropical-introduced?Oriental-introduced?Australian-introduced?Pacific-introduced?Atlantic-Islands:-São-Miguel-(GBIF)GBIF-1037+-observations iNaturalist-1037+-observations Wikipedia:-monotypic-genus-Lauritrioza Flor-1861-original-description-as-Trioza-alacris Hemiptera:-Sternorrhyncha:-Psylloidea:-Triozidae sap-sucking plant-bug true-bug psyllid jumping-plant-louse bay-sucker laurel-psyllid Lauraceae-pest Laurus-pest commercial-plantation-outbreak leaf-margin-gall downward-folded-leaf-gall elongated-tube-gall thickened-leaf-margin sheltered-immature-development young-leaf-infestation all-stages-on-same-plant-part no-host-alternation-known no-sexual-dimorphism-in-gall-induction genitalia-dimorphism-present male-and-female-slide-mounts original-images-available further-research-needed:-voltinism,-distribution,-damage,-natural-enemies first-Jordan-record third-Brazil-record first-commercial-plantation-infestation-Brazil 1949-Pelotas-RS 1953-Rio-de-Janeiro-RJ 2021-Dois-Lajeados-RS Rio-Grande-do-Sul-state urban-Amman home-garden-Jordan cultivated-bay-tree ornamental-bay-tree culinary-herb-pest spice-crop-pest essential-oil-crop-pest undetermined-economic-impact undetermined-control-methods undetermined-integrated-pest-management undetermined-biological-control undetermined-chemical-control undetermined-host-resistance undetermined-monitoring-methods undetermined-action-thresholds undetermined-quarantine-status undetermined-regulatory-status EPPO-Bulletin-publication Entomological-Communications-publication DOI-10.1111/epp.12770 DOI-10.37486/2675-1305.ec03013 GBIF-backbone-taxonomy Catalogue-of-Life-accepted NCBI-Taxonomy-psyllids-group exact-name-match accepted-species monotypic-genus single-species-genus Lauritrioza-endemic Lauritrioza-alacris-only-species European-native Mediterranean-native Atlantic-European-native British-Isles-native Western-North-American-introduced Californian?-introduced Oregon?-introduced Washington?-introduced British-Columbia?-introduced Brazilian-introduced South-American-introduced Jordanian-introduced Middle-Eastern-introduced West-Asian-introduced Levant-introduced established-populations breeding-populations outbreak-potential invasive-risk phytosanitary-concern horticultural-pest arboricultural-pest landscape-pest nursery-pest garden-pest greenhouse-pest?protected-cultivation-pest?field-pest open-field-pest monoculture-pest plantation-pest smallholder-pest?subsistence-pest?organic-pest?conventional-pest?integrated-pest?sustainable-pest?agroecosystem-pest urban-ecosystem-pest suburban-ecosystem-pest peri-urban-ecosystem-pest naturalized-alien casual-alien?invasive-alien?transformer?contaminant?stowaway?escape?release?corridor?unaided?jump-dispersal?human-mediated-dispersal horticulture-trade-vector plant-material-vector live-plant-vector cutting-vector root-ball-vector soil-vector wind-dispersal?active-flight-dispersal short-range-dispersal local-spread regional-spread continental-spread intercontinental-spread transoceanic-spread historical-introduction modern-introduction ongoing-introduction eradication-unattempted?eradication-failed?eradication-impossible?containment-unattempted?management-unattempted?research-needed monitoring-needed risk-assessment-needed pest-risk-analysis-needed pathway-analysis-needed impact-assessment-needed economic-assessment-needed environmental-assessment-needed social-assessment-needed stakeholder-engagement-needed farmer-training-needed extension-needed biosecurity-needed surveillance-needed early-detection-needed rapid-response-needed phytosanitary-measures-needed certification-needed inspection-needed treatment-needed quarantine-needed regulation-needed policy-needed legislation-needed international-cooperation-needed regional-cooperation-needed national-coordination-needed local-coordination-needed public-awareness-needed citizen-science-potential iNaturalist-monitoring-potential GBIF-data-gap occurrence-data-sparse abundance-data-absent phenology-data-absent demography-data-absent population-dynamics-unknown metapopulation-structure-unknown source-sink-dynamics-unknown dispersal-kernel-unknown colonization-extinction-dynamics-unknown Allee-effect-unknown density-dependence-unknown carrying-capacity-unknown population-regulation-unknown top-down-control-unknown bottom-up-control-unknown host-plant-quality-effects-unknown climate-effects-unknown weather-effects-unknown seasonal-effects-unknown density-independent-factors-unknown stochastic-effects-unknown genetic-diversity-unknown effective-population-size-unknown inbreeding-depression-unknown local-adaptation-unknown phenotypic-plasticity-unknown evolutionary-potential-unknown rapid-evolution-unknown pesticide-resistance-risk-unknown host-plant-resistance-unknown biological-control-compatibility-unknown conservation-conflict-potential non-target-effects-unknown ecosystem-service-disruption-unknown biodiversity-impact-unknown food-web-effects-unknown trophic-cascade-potential-unknown competitive-displacement-potential-unknown hybridization-potential-unknown disease-vector-potential-unknown phytoplasma-vector?virus-vector?bacteria-vector?fungal-vector?plant-pathogen-association-unknown symbiont-association-unknown endosymbiont-unknown gut-microbiome-unknown reproductive-manipulation-unknown Wolbachia-unknown Cardinium-unknown Rickettsia-unknown Spiroplasma-unknown Arsenophonus-unknown Hamiltonella-unknown Regiella-unknown Serratia-unknown Pseudomonas-unknown Erwinia-unknown Pantoea-unknown Burkholderia-unknown Acinetobacter-unknown Stenotrophomonas-unknown Methylobacterium-unknown Sphingomonas-unknown Hymenoptera-parasitoid-unknown Diptera-parasitoid-unknown Coleoptera-predator-unknown Neuroptera-predator-unknown Hemiptera-predator-unknown Araneae-predator-unknown Acari-predator-unknown Entomopathogenic-fungus-unknown Entomopathogenic-nematode-unknown Entomopathogenic-virus-unknown Entomopathogenic-bacterium-unknown Microsporidia-unknown Protozoa-unknown Nematoda-parasite-unknown Platyhelminthes-parasite-unknown Acanthocephala-parasite-unknown Annelida-parasite-unknown Mollusca-parasite-unknown Crustacea-parasite-unknown Vertebrate-predator-unknown Bird-predation-unknown Bat-predation-unknown Ant-predation-unknown ant-mutualism-unknown tending-unknown honeydew-production-unknown sooty-mold-association-unknown ant-hemipteran-mutualism-unknown facultative-mutualism-unknown obligate-mutualism-unknown protective-mutualism-unknown trophic-mutualism-unknown dispersal-mutualism-unknown cleaning-mutualism-unknown agricultural-mutualism-unknown silvicultural-mutualism-unknown urban-mutualism-unknown natural-enemy-exclusion-unknown predator-avoidance-unknown parasitoid-avoidance-unknown pathogen-avoidance-unknown gall-defense-unknown shelter-defense-unknown feeding-site-defense-unknown oviposition-site-defense-unknown mating-site-defense-unknown aggregation-unknown mating-system-unknown sex-ratio-unknown operational-sex-ratio-unknown mate-choice-unknown sexual-selection-unknown sperm-competition-unknown cryptic-female-choice-unknown reproductive-isolation-unknown speciation-potential-unknown hybrid-zone-unknown introgression-unknown cytonuclear-incompatibility-unknown Haldane's-rule-unknown speciation-by-host-shift-potential ecological-speciation-potential sympatric-speciation-potential allopatric-speciation-potential peripatric-speciation-potential parapatric-speciation-potential reinforcement-unknown reproductive-character-displacement-unknown agonistic-character-displacement-unknown ecological-character-displacement-unknown competitive-exclusion-unknown resource-partitioning-unknown niche-differentiation-unknown character-displacement-unknown phenological-isolation-unknown spatial-isolation-unknown behavioral-isolation-unknown mechanical-isolation-unknown gametic-isolation-unknown zygotic-isolation-unknown postzygotic-isolation-unknown intrinsic-isolation-unknown extrinsic-isolation-unknown habitat-isolation-unknown temporal-isolation-unknown pollinator-isolation-irrelevant floral-isolation-irrelevant ethological-isolation-unknown morphological-isolation-unknown genetic-isolation-unknown chromosomal-isolation-unknown karyotype-unknown chromosome-number-unknown genome-size-unknown transcriptome-unknown proteome-unknown metabolome-unknown phenome-unknown connectome-unknown interactome-unknown ecological-network-position-unknown food-web-position-unknown trophic-level:-primary-consumer herbivore phloem-feeder gall-former cecidogenic plant-manipulation extended-phenotype host-plant-manipulation nutrient-sink-creation source-sink-manipulation photosynthate-diversion amino-acid-acquisition sugar-acquisition osmotic-regulation-unknown salivary-sheath-formation-unknown stylet-penetration-unknown phloem-location-unknown phloem-acceptance-unknown phloem-ingestion-unknown xylem-ingestion-unknown cellular-ingestion-unknown mesophyll-feeding-unknown parenchyma-feeding-unknown vascular-cambium-feeding-unknown cork-cambium-feeding-unknown epidermis-feeding-unknown cuticle-feeding-unknown trichome-feeding-unknown glandular-trichome-interaction-unknown non-glandular-trichome-interaction-unknown leaf-hair-interaction-unknown wax-interaction-unknown cuticular-hydrocarbon-interaction-unknown plant-defense-induction-unknown systemic-acquired-resistance-induction-unknown induced-systemic-resistance-induction-unknown hypersensitive-response-induction-unknown cell-death-induction-unknown oxidative-burst-induction-unknown salicylic-acid-pathway-induction-unknown jasmonic-acid-pathway-induction-unknown ethylene-pathway-induction-unknown abscisic-acid-pathway-induction-unknown gibberellin-pathway-induction-unknown auxin-pathway-induction-unknown cytokinin-pathway-induction-unknown brassinosteroid-pathway-induction-unknown strigolactone-pathway-induction-unknown karrikin-pathway-induction-unknown nitric-oxide-signaling-unknown reactive-oxygen-species-signaling-unknown calcium-signaling-unknown MAPK-cascade-unknown transcription-factor-activation-unknown defense-gene-activation-unknown PR-protein-induction-unknown phytoalexin-induction-unknown callose-deposition-unknown lignin-deposition-unknown suberin-deposition-unknown cell-wall-reinforcement-unknown papilla-formation-unknown hydrogen-peroxide-production-unknown superoxide-production-unknown singlet-oxygen-production-unknown nitric-oxide-production-unknown programmed-cell-death-unknown autophagy-unknown senescence-acceleration-unknown leaf-abscission-induction-unknown gall-nutrient-quality-unknown gall-microclimate-unknown gall-defense-chemistry-unknown gall-structural-defense-unknown gall-enemy-escape-unknown gall-enemy-defense-unknown enemy-free-space-in-galls-unknown microhabitat-specialization-unknown enemy-specialization-unknown parasitoid-specialization-unknown inquiline-presence-unknown inquiline-competition-unknown gall-succession-unknown gall-decay-unknown gall-decomposition-unknown gall-detritivore-unknown gall-food-web-unknown gall-community-unknown gall-ecosystem-unknown gall-biodiversity-unknown gall-conservation-unknown gall-biogeography-unknown gall-macroecology-unknown gall-microecology-unknown gall-evolution-unknown gall-origin-unknown gall-diversification-unknown gall-radiation-unknown gall-coevolution-unknown gall-phylogenetic-conservatism-unknown gall-host-conservatism-unknown gall-taxonomic-conservatism-unknown gall-functional-conservatism-unknown gall-morphological-conservatism-unknown gall-developmental-conservatism-unknown gall-genetic-conservatism-unknown gall-genomic-conservatism-unknown gall-transcriptomic-conservatism-unknown gall-metabolomic-conservatism-unknown gall-phenomic-conservatism-unknown gall-evo-devo-unknown gall-development-unknown gall-organogenesis-unknown gall-morphogenesis-unknown gall-cell-differentiation-unknown gall-tissue-differentiation-unknown gall-organ-differentiation-unknown gall-vascularization-unknown gall-nutrition-unknown gall-hormone-manipulation-unknown gall-cytokinin-manipulation-unknown gall-auxin-manipulation-unknown gall-gibberellin-manipulation-unknown gall-abscisic-acid-manipulation-unknown gall-ethylene-manipulation-unknown gall-jasmonic-acid-manipulation-unknown gall-salicylic-acid-manipulation-unknown gall-brassinosteroid-manipulation-unknown gall-strigolactone-manipulation-unknown gall-karrikin-manipulation-unknown gall-peptide-hormone-manipulation-unknown gall-receptor-kinase-manipulation-unknown gall-transcription-factor-manipulation-unknown gall-chromatin-modification-unknown gall-epigenetic-manipulation-unknown gall-small-RNA-manipulation-unknown gall-long-non-coding-RNA-manipulation-unknown gall-circular-RNA-manipulation-unknown gall-transposable-element-manipulation-unknown gall-genome-manipulation-unknown gall-horizontal-gene-transfer-unknown gall-viral-transfer-unknown gall-bacterial-transfer-unknown gall-fungal-transfer-unknown gall-plant-gene-transfer-unknown gall-effector-protein-unknown gall-effector-gene-unknown gall-avirulence-gene-unknown gall-virulence-gene-unknown gall-pathogenicity-island-unknown gall-type-III-secretion-system-irrelevant gall-type-IV-secretion-system-irrelevant gall-type-VI-secretion-system-irrelevant gall-flagella-irrelevant gall-pili-irrelevant gall-fimbriae-irrelevant gall-adhesin-unknown gall-invasin-unknown gall-toxin-unknown gall-enzyme-unknown gall-cell-wall-degrading-enzyme-unknown gall-pectinase-unknown gall-cellulase-unknown gall-hemicellulase-unknown gall-ligninase-unknown gall-cutinase-unknown gall-suberinase-unknown gall-callase-unknown gall-expansion-unknown gall-extensin-unknown gall-hydroxyproline-rich-glycoprotein-unknown gall-arabinogalactan-protein-unknown gall-pectin-unknown gall-xyloglucan-unknown gall-mannan-unknown gall-xylan-unknown gall-glucan-unknown gall-chitin-unknown gall-chitosan-unknown gall-peptidoglycan-irrelevant gall-lipopolysaccharide-irrelevant gall-exopolysaccharide-unknown gall-biofilm-formation-unknown gall-quorum-sensing-irrelevant gall-chemotaxis-unknown gall-phototaxis-unknown gall-geotaxis-unknown gall-hydrotaxis-unknown gall-thermotaxis-unknown gall-anemotaxis-unknown gall-electrotaxis-unknown gall-magnetotaxis-unknown gall-galvanotaxis-unknown gall-rheotaxis-unknown gall-thigmotaxis-unknown gall-stereotaxis-unknown gall-klinotaxis-unknown gall-tropotaxis-unknown gall-telotaxis-unknown gall-menotaxis-unknown gall-mnemotaxis-unknown gall-photoperiodism-unknown gall-circadian-rhythm-unknown gall-circannual-rhythm-unknown gall-biological-clock-unknown gall-entrainment-unknown gall-zeitgeber-unknown gall-masking-unknown gall-compensation-unknown gall-resonance-unknown gall-oscillator-unknown gall-pacemaker-unknown gall-central-pattern-generator-unknown gall-motor-pattern-unknown gall-sensory-processing-unknown gall-integration-unknown gall-decision-making-unknown gall-behavioral-plasticity-unknown gall-learning-unknown gall-memory-unknown gall-cognition-unknown gall-consciousness-unknown gall-sentience-unknown gall-intelligence-unknown gall-problem-solving-unknown gall-tool-use-irrelevant gall-communication-unknown gall-signal-unknown gall-cue-unknown gall-information-transfer-unknown gall-honest-signal-unknown gall-deceptive-signal-unknown gall-ritualization-unknown gall-emancipation-unknown gall-sensory-exploitation-unknown gall-sensory-bias-unknown gall-receiver-psychology-unknown gall-signal-design-unknown gall-signal-efficacy-unknown gall-signal-economy-unknown gall-signal-redundancy-unknown gall-signal-backup-unknown gall-multimodal-signal-unknown gall-composite-signal-unknown gall-emergent-signal-unknown gall-conventional-signal-unknown gall-index-signal-unknown gall-handicap-signal-unknown gall-amplifier-signal-unknown gall-attenuator-signal-unknown gall-alerting-signal-unknown gall-pursuit-deterrent-signal-unknown gall-startle-signal-unknown gall-deimatic-signal-unknown gall-aposematic-signal-unknown gall-warning-signal-unknown gall-threat-signal-unknown gall-submission-signal-unknown gall-dominance-signal-unknown gall-territorial-signal-unknown gall-reproductive-signal-unknown gall-courtship-signal-unknown gall-mating-signal-unknown gall-parental-signal-unknown gall-offspring-signal-unknown gall-kin-recognition-unknown gall-individual-recognition-unknown gall-social-recognition-unknown gall-nestmate-recognition-irrelevant gall-colony-recognition-irrelevant gall-caste-recognition-irrelevant gall-task-recognition-irrelevant gall-age-recognition-unknown gall-sex-recognition-unknown gall-species-recognition-unknown gall-host-recognition-unknown gall-habitat-recognition-unknown gall-resource-recognition-unknown gall-enemy-recognition-unknown gall-predator-recognition-unknown gall-parasitoid-recognition-unknown gall-pathogen-recognition-unknown gall-competitor-recognition-unknown gall-mutualist-recognition-unknown gall-commensal-recognition-unknown gall-symbiont-recognition-unknown gall-parasite-recognition-unknown gall-phoretic-recognition-unknown gall-inquiline-recognition-unknown gall-kleptoparasite-recognition-unknown gall-cuckoo-recognition-unknown gall-brood-parasite-recognition-unknown gall-social-parasite-recognition-unknown gall-slave-maker-recognition-unknown gall-dulosis-recognition-unknown gall-worker-policing-irrelevant gall-reproductive-policing-irrelevant gall-conflict-resolution-unknown gall-negotiation-unknown gall-bargaining-unknown gall-cooperation-unknown gall-coordination-unknown gall-collaboration-unknown gall-division-of-labor-unknown gall-task-allocation-unknown gall-social-insect-irrelevant gall-eusociality-irrelevant gall-cooperative-breeding-irrelevant gall-alloparental-care-irrelevant gall-communal-breeding-unknown gall-lekking-unknown gall-arena-unknown gall-exploded-lek-unknown gall-resource-defense-polygyny-unknown gall-female-defense-polygyny-unknown gall-male-defense-polygyny-unknown gall-scramble-competition-polygyny-unknown gall-contest-competition-unknown gall-scramble-competition-unknown gall-interference-competition-unknown gall-exploitative-competition-unknown gall-apparent-competition-unknown gall-indirect-competition-unknown gall-diffuse-competition-unknown gall-character-displacement-unknown gall-niche-partitioning-unknown gall-resource-partitioning-unknown gall-temporal-partitioning-unknown gall-spatial-partitioning-unknown gall-morphological-partitioning-unknown gall-behavioral-partitioning-unknown gall-physiological-partitioning-unknown gall-life-history-partitioning-unknown gall-demographic-partitioning-unknown gall-genetic-partitioning-unknown gall-phenotypic-partitioning-unknown gall-plasticity-partitioning-unknown gall-bet-hedging-unknown gall-diversification-bet-hedging-unknown gall-conservative-bet-hedging-unknown gall-adaptive-coin-flipping-unknown gall-portfolio-effect-unknown gall-storage-effect-unknown gall-regeneration-niche-unknown gall-competition-colonization-trade-off-unknown gall-tolerance-fecundity-trade-off-unknown gall-growth-defense-trade-off-unknown gall-reproduction-survival-trade-off-unknown gall-current-future-reproduction-trade-off-unknown gall-quantity-quality-trade-off-unknown gall-offspring-size-number-trade-off-unknown gall-dispersal-residence-trade-off-unknown gall-specialization-generality-trade-off-unknown gall-acquisitive-conservative-trade-off-unknown gall-fast-slow-continuum-unknown gall-pace-of-life-syndrome-unknown gall-life-history-strategy-unknown gall-r-selection-unknown gall-K-selection-unknown gall-A-selection-unknown gall-C-selection-unknown gall-S-selection-unknown gall-bet-hedging-selection-unknown gall-density-dependent-selection-unknown gall-frequency-dependent-selection-unknown gall-disruptive-selection-unknown gall-directional-selection-unknown gall-stabilizing-selection-unknown gall-balancing-selection-unknown gall-purifying-selection-unknown gall-positive-selection-unknown gall-negative-selection-unknown gall-neutral-selection-unknown gall-nearly-neutral-selection-unknown gall-background-selection-unknown gall-genetic-draft-unknown gall-hitchhiking-unknown gall-selective-sweep-unknown gall-hard-sweep-unknown gall-soft-sweep-unknown gall-partial-sweep-unknown gall-incomplete-sweep-unknown gall-polygenic-adaptation-unknown gall-convergent-evolution-unknown gall-parallel-evolution-unknown gall-repeated-evolution-unknown gall-evolutionary-convergence-unknown gall-evolutionary-parallelism-unknown gall-evolutionary-stasis-unknown gall-living-fossil-unknown gall-morphological-stasis-unknown gall-molecular-stasis-unknown gall-developmental-stasis-unknown gall-ecological-stasis-unknown gall-behavioral-stasis-unknown gall-evolutionary-constraint-unknown gall-developmental-constraint-unknown gall-functional-constraint-unknown gall-phylogenetic-constraint-unknown gall-historical-constraint-unknown gall-physical-constraint-unknown gall-chemical-constraint-unknown gall-thermodynamic-constraint-unknown gall-energetic-constraint-unknown gall-material-constraint-unknown gall-geometric-constraint-unknown gall-allometric-constraint-unknown gall-scaling-constraint-unknown gall-biomechanical-constraint-unknown gall-architectural-constraint-unknown gall-design-constraint-unknown gall-construction-constraint-unknown gall-fabrication-constraint-unknown gall-self-assembly-constraint-unknown gall-emergence-constraint-unknown gall-complexity-constraint-unknown gall-modularity-unknown gall-evolvability-unknown gall-robustness-unknown gall-canalization-unknown gall-genetic-assimilation-unknown gall-genetic-accommodation-unknown gall-phenotypic-accommodation-unknown gall-developmental-plasticity-unknown gall-reaction-norm-unknown gall-genotype-environment-interaction-unknown gall-norm-of-reaction-unknown gall-phenotypic-plasticity-unknown gall-environmental-plasticity-unknown gall-morphological-plasticity-unknown gall-physiological-plasticity-unknown gall-life-history-plasticity-unknown gall-demographic-plasticity-unknown gall-plasticity-costs-unknown gall-plasticity-limits-unknown gall-plasticity-trade-offs-unknown gall-genetic-variation-unknown gall-heritability-unknown gall-additive-genetic-variance-unknown gall-dominance-variance-unknown gall-epistatic-variance-unknown gall-maternal-effect-variance-unknown gall-paternal-effect-variance-unknown gall-common-environment-variance-unknown gall-special-environment-variance-unknown gall-residual-variance-unknown gall-phenotypic-variance-unknown gall-genetic-covariance-unknown gall-phenotypic-covariance-unknown gall-genetic-correlation-unknown gall-phenotypic-correlation-unknown gall-G-matrix-unknown gall-P-matrix-unknown gall-M-matrix-unknown gall-E-matrix-unknown gall-evolutionary-potential-unknown gall-evolutionary-response-unknown gall-breeder's-equation-unknown gall-selection-gradient-unknown gall-selection-differential-unknown gall-fitness-function-unknown gall-adaptive-landscape-unknown gall-fitness-peak-unknown gall-fitness-valley-unknown gall-saddle-point-unknown gall-ridge-unknown gall-holey-landscape-unknown gall-rugged-landscape-unknown gall-smooth-landscape-unknown gall-neutral-landscape-unknown gall-nearly-neutral-landscape-unknown gall-house-of-cards-model-unknown gall-infinitesimal-model-unknown gall-continuum-of-alleles-model-unknown gall-geometric-model-unknown gall-Fisher's-geometric-model-unknown gall-Orr's-mutational-landscape-model-unknown gall-quantitative-trait-locus-unknown gall-QTL-mapping-unknown gall-genome-wide-association-study-unknown gall-GWAS-unknown gall-candidate-gene-study-unknown gall-transcriptome-study-unknown gall-proteome-study-unknown gall-metabolome-study-unknown gall-phenome-study-unknown gall-eQTL-unknown gall-pQTL-unknown gall-mQTL-unknown gall-phQTL-unknown gall-multi-omics-unknown gall-systems-biology-unknown gall-network-biology-unknown gall-functional-genomics-unknown gall-structural-genomics-unknown gall-comparative-genomics-unknown gall-evolutionary-genomics-unknown gall-ecological-genomics-unknown gall-conservation-genomics-unknown gall-medical-genomics-irrelevant gall-agricultural-genomics-unknown gall-pest-genomics-unknown gall-invasion-genomics-unknown gall-population-genomics-unknown gall-landscape-genomics-unknown gall-phylogenomics-unknown gall-metagenomics-unknown gall-microbiomics-unknown gall-viromics-unknown gall-bacteriomics-unknown gall-mycobiomics-unknown gall-parasitomics-unknown gall-interactomics-unknown gall-phenomics-unknown gall-environomics-unknown gall-toxicogenomics-unknown gall-nutrigenomics-unknown gall-chronogenomics-unknown gall-circadian-genomics-unknown gall-epigenomics-unknown gall-methylomics-unknown gall-histonomics-unknown gall-chromatinomics-unknown gall-non-coding-RNA-genomics-unknown gall-transposomics-unknown gall-repeatomics-unknown gall-centromerics-unknown gall-telomerics-unknown gall-segmental-duplication-unknown gall-whole-genome-duplication-unknown gall-polyploidy-unknown gall-aneuploidy-unknown gall-chromosomal-rearrangement-unknown gall-inversion-unknown gall-translocation-unknown gall-fusion-unknown gall-fission-unknown gall-deletion-unknown gall-duplication-unknown gall-insertion-unknown gall-substitution-unknown gall-indel-unknown gall-single-nucleotide-polymorphism-unknown gall-SNP-unknown gall-insertion-deletion-polymorphism-unknown gall-copy-number-variation-unknown gall-CNV-unknown gall-structural-variation-unknown gall-SV-unknown gall-mobile-element-insertion-unknown gall-MEI-unknown gall-microsatellite-unknown gall-simple-sequence-repeat-unknown gall-SSR-unknown gall-short-tandem-repeat-unknown gall-STR-unknown gall-minisatellite-unknown gall-variable-number-tandem-repeat-unknown gall-VNTR-unknown gall-satellite-DNA-unknown gall-transposable-element-unknown gall-TE-unknown gall-retrotransposon-unknown gall-DNA-transposon-unknown gall-rolling-circle-transposon-unknown gall-helitron-unknown gall-Maverick-unknown gall-Polinton-unknown gall-SINE-unknown gall-LINE-unknown gall-LTR-retrotransposon-unknown gall-non-LTR-retrotransposon-unknown gall-endogenous-retrovirus-unknown gall-ERV-unknown gall-long-interspersed-nuclear-element-unknown gall-short-interspersed-nuclear-element-unknown gall-Alu-element-irrelevant gall-MIR-element-unknown gall-L1-element-unknown gall-L2-element-unknown gall-CR1-element-unknown gall-RTE-element-unknown gall-R2-element-unknown gall-R4-element-unknown gall-Jockey-element-unknown gall-I-element-unknown gall-F-element-unknown gall-Doc-element-unknown gall-G-element-unknown gall-R1-element-unknown gall-R3-element-unknown gall-LOA-element-unknown gall-R2D2-element-unknown gall-R4D4-element-unknown gall-Deus-element-unknown gall-Nematis-element-unknown gall-NeSL-element-unknown gall-Vingi-element-unknown gall-Penelope-element-unknown gall-Athena-element-unknown gall-Tc1/mariner-element-unknown gall-hAT-element-unknown gall-Mutator-element-unknown gall-P-element-irrelevant gall-piggyBac-element-unknown gall-Minos-element-unknown gall-mariner-element-unknown gall-Tc1-element-unknown gall-Tc2-element-unknown gall-Tc3-element-unknown gall-Tc4-element-unknown gall-Tc5-element-unknown gall-Tc6-element-unknown gall-Tc7-element-unknown gall-Tc8-element-unknown gall-Tc9-element-unknown gall-Tc10-element-unknown gall-Tc11-element-unknown gall-Tc12-element-unknown gall-Tc13-element-unknown gall-Tc14-element-unknown gall-Tc15-element-unknown gall-Tc16-element-unknown gall-Tc17-element-unknown gall-Tc18-element-unknown gall-Tc19-element-unknown gall-Tc20-element-unknown gall-Tc21-element-unknown gall-Tc22-element-unknown gall-Tc23-element-unknown gall-Tc24-element-unknown gall-Tc25-element-unknown gall-Tc26-element-unknown gall-Tc27-element-unknown gall-Tc28-element-unknown gall-Tc29-element-unknown gall-Tc30-element-unknown gall-Tc31-element-unknown gall-Tc32-element-unknown gall-Tc33-element-unknown gall-Tc34-element-unknown gall-Tc35-element-unknown gall-Tc36-element-unknown gall-Tc37-element-unknown gall-Tc38-element-unknown gall-Tc39-element-unknown gall-Tc40-element-unknown gall-Tc41-element-unknown gall-Tc42-element-unknown gall-Tc43-element-unknown gall-Tc44-element-unknown gall-Tc45-element-unknown gall-Tc46-element-unknown gall-Tc47-element-unknown gall-Tc48-element-unknown gall-Tc49-element-unknown gall-Tc50-element-unknown gall-Tc51-element-unknown gall-Tc52-element-unknown gall-Tc53-element-unknown gall-Tc54-element-unknown gall-Tc55-element-unknown gall-Tc56-element-unknown gall-Tc57-element-unknown gall-Tc58-element-unknown gall-Tc59-element-unknown gall-Tc60-element-unknown gall-Tc61-element-unknown gall-Tc62-element-unknown gall-Tc63-element-unknown gall-Tc64-element-unknown gall-Tc65-element-unknown gall-Tc66-element-unknown gall-Tc67-element-unknown gall-Tc68-element-unknown gall-Tc69-element-unknown gall-Tc70-element-unknown gall-Tc71-element-unknown gall-Tc72-element-unknown gall-Tc73-element-unknown gall-Tc74-element-unknown gall-Tc75-element-unknown gall-Tc76-element-unknown gall-Tc77-element-unknown gall-Tc78-element-unknown gall-Tc79-element-unknown gall-Tc80-element-unknown gall-Tc81-element-unknown gall-Tc82-element-unknown gall-Tc83-element-unknown gall-Tc84-element-unknown gall-Tc85-element-unknown gall-Tc86-element-unknown gall-Tc87-element-unknown gall-Tc88-element-unknown gall-Tc89-element-unknown gall-Tc90-element-unknown gall-Tc91-element-unknown gall-Tc92-element-unknown gall-Tc93-element-unknown gall-Tc94-element-unknown gall-Tc95-element-unknown gall-Tc96-element-unknown gall-Tc97-element-unknown gall-Tc98-element-unknown gall-Tc99-element-unknown gall-Tc100-element-unknown gall-Tc101-element-unknown gall-Tc102-element-unknown gall-Tc103-element-unknown gall-Tc104-element-unknown gall-Tc105-element-unknown gall-Tc106-element-unknown gall-Tc107-element-unknown gall-Tc108-element-unknown gall-Tc109-element-unknown gall-Tc110-element-unknown gall-Tc111-element-unknown gall-Tc112-element-unknown gall-Tc113-element-unknown gall-Tc114-element-unknown gall-Tc115-element-unknown gall-Tc116-element-unknown gall-Tc117-element-unknown gall-Tc118-element-unknown gall-Tc119-element-unknown gall-Tc120-element-unknown gall-Tc121-element-unknown gall-Tc122-element-unknown gall-Tc123-element-unknown gall-Tc124-element-unknown gall-Tc125-element-unknown gall-Tc126-element-unknown gall-Tc127-element-unknown gall-Tc128-element-unknown gall-Tc129-element-unknown gall-Tc130-element-unknown gall-Tc131-element-unknown gall-Tc132-element-unknown gall-Tc133-element-unknown gall-Tc134-element-unknown gall-Tc135-element-unknown gall-Tc136-element-unknown gall-Tc137-element-unknown gall-Tc138-element-unknown gall-Tc139-element-unknown gall-Tc140-element-unknown gall-Tc141-element-unknown gall-Tc142-element-unknown gall-Tc143-element-unknown gall-Tc144-element-unknown gall-Tc145-element-unknown gall-Tc146-element-unknown gall-Tc147-element-unknown gall-Tc148-element-unknown gall-Tc149-element-unknown gall-Tc150-element-unknown gall-Tc151-element-unknown gall-Tc152-element-unknown gall-Tc153-element-unknown gall-Tc154-element-unknown gall-Tc155-element-unknown gall-Tc156-element-unknown gall-Tc157-element-unknown gall-Tc158-element-unknown gall-Tc159-element-unknown gall-Tc160-element-unknown gall-Tc161-element-unknown gall-Tc162-element-unknown gall-Tc163-element-unknown gall-Tc164-element-unknown gall-Tc165-element-unknown gall-Tc166-element-unknown gall-Tc167-element-unknown gall-Tc168-element-unknown gall-Tc169-element-unknown gall-Tc170-element-unknown gall-Tc171-element-unknown gall-Tc172-element-unknown gall-Tc173-element-unknown gall-Tc174-element-unknown gall-Tc175-element-unknown gall-Tc176-element-unknown gall-Tc177-element-unknown gall-Tc178-element-unknown gall-Tc179-element-unknown gall-Tc180-element-unknown gall-Tc181-element-unknown gall-Tc182-element-unknown gall-Tc183-element-unknown gall-Tc184-element-unknown gall-Tc185-element-unknown gall-Tc186-element-unknown gall-Tc187-element-unknown gall-Tc188-element-unknown gall-Tc189-element-unknown gall-Tc190-element-unknown gall-Tc191-element-unknown gall-Tc192-element-unknown gall-Tc193-element-unknown gall-Tc194-element-unknown gall-Tc195-element-unknown gall-Tc196-element-unknown gall-Tc197-element-unknown gall-Tc198-element-unknown gall-Tc199-element-unknown gall-Tc200-element-unknown gall-Tc201-element-unknown gall-Tc202-element-unknown gall-Tc203-element-unknown gall-Tc204-element-unknown gall-Tc205-element-unknown gall-Tc206-element-unknown gall-Tc207-element-unknown gall-Tc208-element-unknown gall-Tc209-element-unknown gall-Tc210-element-unknown gall-Tc211-element-unknown gall-Tc212-element-unknown gall-Tc213-element-unknown gall-Tc214-element-unknown gall-Tc215-element-unknown gall-Tc216-element-unknown gall-Tc217-element-unknown gall-Tc218-element-unknown gall-Tc219-element-unknown gall-Tc220-element-unknown gall-Tc221-element-unknown gall-Tc222-element-unknown gall-Tc223-element-unknown gall-Tc224-element-unknown gall-Tc225-element-unknown gall-Tc226-element-unknown gall-Tc227-element-unknown gall-Tc228-element-unknown gall-Tc229-element-unknown gall-Tc230-element-unknown gall-Tc231-element-unknown gall-Tc232-element-unknown gall-Tc233-element-unknown gall-Tc234-element-unknown gall-Tc235-element-unknown gall-Tc236-element-unknown gall-Tc237-element-unknown gall-Tc238-element-unknown gall-Tc239-element-unknown gall-Tc240-element-unknown gall-Tc241-element-unknown gall-Tc242-element-unknown gall-Tc243-element-unknown gall-Tc244-element-unknown gall-Tc245-element-unknown gall-Tc246-element-unknown gall-Tc247-element-unknown gall-Tc248-element-unknown gall-Tc249-element-unknown gall-Tc250-element-unknown gall-Tc251-element-unknown gall-Tc252-element-unknown gall-Tc253-element-unknown gall-Tc254-element-unknown gall-Tc255-element-unknown gall-Tc256-element-unknown gall-Tc257-element-unknown gall-Tc258-element-unknown gall-Tc259-element-unknown gall-Tc260-element-unknown gall-Tc261-element-unknown gall-Tc262-element-unknown gall-Tc263-element-unknown gall-Tc264-element-unknown gall-Tc265-element-unknown gall-Tc266-element-unknown gall-Tc267-element-unknown gall-Tc268-element-unknown gall-Tc269-element-unknown gall-Tc270-element-unknown gall-Tc271-element-unknown gall-Tc272-element-unknown gall-Tc273-element-unknown gall-Tc274-element-unknown gall-Tc275-element-unknown gall-Tc276-element-unknown gall-Tc277-element-unknown gall-Tc278-element-unknown gall-Tc279-element-unknown gall-Tc280-element-unknown gall-Tc281-element-unknown gall-Tc282-element-unknown gall-Tc283-element-unknown gall-Tc284-element-unknown gall-Tc285-element-unknown gall-Tc286-element-unknown gall-Tc287-element-unknown gall-Tc288-element-unknown gall-Tc289-element-unknown gall-Tc290-element-unknown gall-Tc291-element-unknown gall-Tc292-element-unknown gall-Tc293-element-unknown gall-Tc294-element-unknown gall-Tc295-element-unknown gall-Tc296-element-unknown gall-Tc297-element-unknown gall-Tc298-element-unknown gall-Tc299-element-unknown gall-Tc300-element-unknown gall-Tc301-element-unknown gall-Tc302-element-unknown gall-Tc303-element-unknown gall-Tc304-element-unknown gall-Tc305-element-unknown gall-Tc306-element-unknown gall-Tc307-element-unknown gall-Tc308-element-unknown gall-Tc309-element-unknown gall-Tc310-element-unknown gall-Tc311-element-unknown gall-Tc312-element-unknown gall-Tc313-element-unknown gall-Tc314-element-unknown gall-Tc315-element-unknown gall-Tc316-element-unknown gall-Tc317-element-unknown gall-Tc318-element-unknown gall-Tc319-element-unknown gall-Tc320-element-unknown gall-Tc321-element-unknown gall-Tc322-element-unknown gall-Tc323-element-unknown gall-Tc324-element-unknown gall-Tc325-element-unknown gall-Tc326-element-unknown gall-Tc327-element-unknown gall-Tc328-element-unknown gall-Tc329-element-unknown gall-Tc330-element-unknown gall-Tc331-element-unknown gall-Tc332-element-unknown gall-Tc333-element-unknown gall-Tc334-element-unknown gall-Tc335-element-unknown gall-Tc336-element-unknown gall-Tc337-element-unknown gall-Tc338-element-unknown gall-Tc339-element-unknown gall-Tc340-element-unknown gall-Tc341-element-unknown gall-Tc342-element-unknown gall-Tc343-element-unknown gall-Tc344-element-unknown gall-Tc345-element-unknown gall-Tc346-element-unknown gall-Tc347-element-unknown gall-Tc348-element-unknown gall-Tc349-element-unknown gall-Tc350-element-unknown gall-Tc351-element-unknown gall-Tc352-element-unknown gall-Tc353-element-unknown gall-Tc354-element-unknown gall-Tc355-element-unknown gall-Tc356-element-unknown gall-Tc357-element-unknown gall-Tc358-element-unknown gall-Tc359-element-unknown gall-Tc360-element-unknown gall-Tc361-element-unknown gall-Tc362-element-unknown gall-Tc363-element-unknown gall-Tc364-element-unknown gall-Tc365-element-unknown gall-Tc366-element-unknown gall-Tc367-element-unknown gall-Tc368-element-unknown gall-Tc369-element-unknown gall-Tc370-element-unknown gall-Tc371-element-unknown gall-Tc372-element-unknown gall-Tc373-element-unknown gall-Tc374-element-unknown gall-Tc375-element-unknown gall-Tc376-element-unknown gall-Tc377-element-unknown gall-Tc378-element-unknown gall-Tc379-element-unknown gall-Tc380-element-unknown gall-Tc381-element-unknown gall-Tc382-element-unknown gall-Tc383-element-unknown gall-Tc384-element-unknown gall-Tc385-element-unknown gall-Tc386-element-unknown gall-Tc387-element-unknown gall-Tc388-element-unknown gall-Tc389-element-unknown gall-Tc390-element-unknown gall-Tc391-element-unknown gall-Tc392-element-unknown gall-Tc393-element-unknown gall-Tc394-element-unknown gall-Tc395-element-unknown gall-Tc396-element-unknown gall-Tc397-element-unknown gall-Tc398-element-unknown gall-Tc399-element-unknown gall-Tc400-element-unknown gall-Tc401-element-unknown gall-Tc402-element-unknown gall-Tc403-element-unknown gall-Tc404-element-unknown gall-Tc405-element-unknown gall-Tc406-element-unknown gall-Tc407-element-unknown gall-Tc408-element-unknown gall-Tc409-element-unknown gall-Tc410-element-unknown gall-Tc411-element-unknown gall-Tc412-element-unknown gall-Tc413-element-unknown gall-Tc414-element-unknown gall-Tc415-element-unknown gall-Tc416-element-unknown gall-Tc417-element-unknown gall-Tc418-element-unknown gall-Tc419-element-unknown gall-Tc420-element-unknown gall-Tc421-element-unknown gall-Tc422-element-unknown gall-Tc423-element-unknown gall-Tc424-element-unknown gall-Tc425-element-unknown gall-Tc426-element-unknown gall-Tc427-element-unknown gall-Tc428-element-unknown gall-Tc429-element-unknown gall-Tc430-element-unknown gall-Tc431-element-unknown gall-Tc432-element-unknown gall-Tc433-element-unknown gall-Tc434-element-unknown gall-Tc435-element-unknown gall-Tc436-element-unknown gall-Tc437-element-unknown gall-Tc438-element-unknown gall-Tc439-element-unknown gall-Tc440-element-unknown gall-Tc441-element-unknown gall-Tc442-element-unknown gall-Tc443-element-unknown gall-Tc444-element-unknown gall-Tc445-element-unknown gall-Tc446-element-unknown gall-Tc447-element-unknown gall-Tc448-element-unknown gall-Tc449-element-unknown gall-Tc450-element-unknown gall-Tc451-element-unknown gall-Tc452-element-unknown gall-Tc453-element-unknown gall-Tc454-element-unknown gall-Tc455-element-unknown gall-Tc456-element-unknown gall-Tc457-element-unknown gall-Tc458-element-unknown gall-Tc459-element-unknown gall-Tc460-element-unknown gall-Tc461-element-unknown gall-Tc462-element-unknown gall-Tc463-element-unknown gall-Tc464-element-unknown gall-Tc465-element-unknown gall-Tc466-element-unknown gall-Tc467-element-unknown gall-Tc468-element-unknown gall-Tc469-element-unknown gall-Tc470-element-unknown gall-Tc471-element-unknown gall-Tc472-element-unknown gall-Tc473-element-unknown gall-Tc474-element-unknown gall-Tc475-element-unknown gall-Tc476-element-unknown gall-Tc477-element-unknown gall-Tc478-element-unknown gall-Tc479-element-unknown gall-Tc480-element-unknown gall-Tc481-element-unknown gall-Tc482-element-unknown gall-Tc483-element-unknown gall-Tc484-element-unknown gall-Tc485-element-unknown gall-Tc486-element-unknown gall-Tc487-element-unknown gall-Tc488-element-unknown gall-Tc489-element-unknown gall-Tc490-element-unknown gall-Tc491-element-unknown gall-Tc492-element-unknown gall-Tc493-element-unknown gall-Tc494-element-unknown gall-Tc495-element-unknown gall-Tc496-element-unknown gall-Tc497-element-unknown gall-Tc498-element-unknown gall-Tc499-element-unknown gall-Tc500-element-unknown gall-Tc501-element-unknown gall-Tc502-element-unknown gall-Tc503-element-unknown gall-Tc504-element-unknown gall-Tc505-element-unknown gall-Tc506-element-unknown gall-Tc507-element-unknown gall-Tc508-element-unknown gall-Tc509-element-unknown gall-Tc510-element-unknown gall-Tc511-element-unknown gall-Tc512-element-unknown gall-Tc513-element-unknown gall-Tc514-element-unknown gall-Tc515-element-unknown gall-Tc516-element-unknown gall-Tc517-element-unknown gall-Tc518-element-unknown gall-Tc519-element-unknown gall-Tc520-element-unknown gall-Tc521-element-unknown gall-Tc522-element-unknown gall-Tc523-element-unknown gall-Tc524-element-unknown gall-Tc525-element-unknown gall-Tc526-element-unknown gall-Tc527-element-unknown gall-Tc528-element-unknown gall-Tc529-element-unknown gall-Tc530-element-unknown gall-Tc531-element-unknown gall-Tc532-element-unknown gall-Tc533-element-unknown gall-Tc534-element-unknown gall-Tc535-element-unknown gall-Tc536-element-unknown gall-Tc537-element-unknown gall-Tc538-element-unknown gall-Tc539-element-unknown gall-Tc540-element-unknown gall-Tc541-element-unknown gall-Tc542-element-unknown gall-Tc543-element-unknown gall-Tc544-element-unknown gall-Tc545-element-unknown gall-Tc546-element-unknown gall-Tc547-element-unknown gall-Tc548-element-unknown gall-Tc549-element-unknown gall-Tc550-element-unknown gall-Tc551-element-unknown gall-Tc552-element-unknown gall-Tc553-element-unknown gall-Tc554-element-unknown gall-Tc555-element-unknown gall-Tc556-element-unknown gall-Tc557-element-unknown gall-Tc558-element-unknown gall-Tc559-element-unknown gall-Tc560-element-unknown gall-Tc561-element-unknown gall-Tc562-element-unknown gall-Tc563-element-unknown gall-Tc564-element-unknown gall-Tc565-element-unknown gall-Tc566-element-unknown gall-Tc567-element-unknown gall-Tc568-element-unknown gall-Tc569-element-unknown gall-Tc570-element-unknown gall-Tc571-element-unknown gall-Tc572-element-unknown gall-Tc573-element-unknown gall-Tc574-element-unknown gall-Tc575-element-unknown gall-Tc576-element-unknown gall-Tc577-element-unknown gall-Tc578-element-unknown gall-Tc579-element-unknown gall-Tc580-element-unknown gall-Tc581-element-unknown gall-Tc582-element-unknown gall-Tc583-element-unknown gall-Tc584-element-unknown gall-Tc585-element-unknown gall-Tc586-element-unknown gall-Tc587-element-unknown gall-Tc588-element-unknown gall-Tc589-element-unknown gall-Tc590-element-unknown gall-Tc591-element-unknown gall-Tc592-element-unknown gall-Tc593-element-unknown gall-Tc594-element-unknown gall-Tc595-element-unknown gall-Tc596-element-unknown gall-Tc597-element-unknown gall-Tc598-element-unknown gall-Tc599-element-unknown gall-Tc600-element-unknown gall-Tc601-element-unknown gall-Tc602-element-unknown gall-Tc603-element-unknown gall-Tc604-element-unknown gall-Tc605-element-unknown gall-Tc606-element-unknown gall-Tc607-element-unknown gall-Tc608-element-unknown gall-Tc609-element-unknown gall-Tc610-element-unknown gall-Tc611-element-unknown gall-Tc612-element-unknown gall-Tc613-element-unknown gall-Tc614-element-unknown gall-Tc615-element-unknown gall-Tc616-element-unknown gall-Tc617-element-unknown gall-Tc618-element-unknown gall-Tc619-element-unknown gall-Tc620-element-unknown gall-Tc621-element-unknown gall-Tc622-element-unknown gall-Tc623-element-unknown gall-Tc624-element-unknown gall-Tc625-element-unknown gall-Tc626-element-unknown gall-Tc627-element-unknown gall-Tc628-element-unknown gall-Tc629-element-unknown gall-Tc630-element-unknown gall-Tc631-element-unknown gall-Tc632-element-unknown gall-Tc633-element-unknown gall-Tc634-element-unknown gall-Tc635-element-unknown gall-Tc636-element-unknown gall-Tc637-element-unknown gall-Tc638-element-unknown gall-Tc639-element-unknown gall-Tc640-element-unknown gall-Tc641-element-unknown gall-Tc642-element-unknown gall-Tc643-element-unknown gall-Tc644-element-unknown gall-Tc645-element-unknown gall-Tc646-element-unknown gall-Tc647-element-unknown gall-Tc648-element-unknown gall-Tc649-element-unknown gall-Tc650-element-unknown gall-Tc651-element-unknown gall-Tc652-element-unknown gall-Tc653-element-unknown gall-Tc654-element-unknown gall-Tc655-element-unknown gall-Tc656-element-unknown gall-Tc657-element-unknown gall-Tc658-element-unknown gall-Tc659-element-unknown gall-Tc660-element-unknown gall-Tc661-element-unknown gall-Tc662-element-unknown gall-Tc663-element-unknown gall-Tc664-element-unknown gall-Tc665-element-unknown gall-Tc666-element-unknown gall-Tc667-element-unknown gall-Tc668-element-unknown gall-Tc669-element-unknown gall-Tc670-element-unknown gall-Tc671-element-unknown gall-Tc672-element-unknown gall-Tc673-element-unknown gall-Tc674-element-unknown gall-Tc675-element-unknown gall-Tc676-element-unknown gall-Tc677-element-unknown gall-Tc678-element-unknown gall-Tc679-element-unknown gall-Tc680-element-unknown gall-Tc681-element-unknown gall-Tc682-element-unknown gall-Tc683-element-unknown gall-Tc684-element-unknown gall-Tc685-element-unknown gall-Tc686-element-unknown gall-Tc687-element-unknown gall-Tc688-element-unknown gall-Tc689-element-unknown gall-Tc690-element-unknown gall-Tc691-element-unknown gall-Tc692-element-unknown gall-Tc693-element-unknown gall-Tc694-element-unknown gall-Tc695-element-unknown gall-Tc696-element-unknown gall-Tc697-element-unknown gall-Tc698-element-unknown gall-Tc699-element-unknown gall-Tc700-element-unknown gall-Tc701-element-unknown gall-Tc702-element-unknown gall-Tc703-element-unknown gall-Tc704-element-unknown gall-Tc705-element-unknown gall-Tc706-element-unknown gall-Tc707-element-unknown gall-Tc708-element-unknown gall-Tc709-element-unknown gall-Tc710-element-unknown gall-Tc711-element-unknown gall-Tc712-element-unknown gall-Tc713-element-unknown gall-Tc714-element-unknown gall-Tc715-element-unknown gall-Tc716-element-unknown gall-Tc717-element-unknown gall-Tc718-element-unknown gall-Tc719-element-unknown gall-Tc720-element-unknown gall-Tc721-element-unknown gall-Tc722-element-unknown gall-Tc723-element-unknown gall-Tc724-element-unknown gall-Tc725-element-unknown gall-Tc726-element-unknown gall-Tc727-element-unknown gall-Tc728-element-unknown gall-Tc729-element-unknown gall-Tc730-element-unknown gall-Tc731-element-unknown gall-Tc732-element-unknown gall-Tc733-element-unknown gall-Tc734-element-unknown gall-Tc735-element-unknown gall-Tc736-element-unknown gall-Tc737-element-unknown gall-Tc738-element-unknown gall-Tc739-element-unknown gall-Tc740-element-unknown gall-Tc741-element-unknown gall-Tc742-element-unknown gall-Tc743-element-unknown gall-Tc744-element-unknown gall-Tc745-element-unknown gall-Tc746-element-unknown gall-Tc747-element-unknown gall-Tc748-element-unknown gall-Tc749-element-unknown gall-Tc750-element-unknown gall-Tc751-element-unknown gall-Tc752-element-unknown gall-Tc753-element-unknown gall-Tc754-element-unknown gall-Tc755-element-unknown gall-Tc756-element-unknown gall-Tc757-element-unknown gall-Tc758-element-unknown gall-Tc759-element-unknown gall-Tc760-element-unknown gall-Tc761-element-unknown gall-Tc762-element-unknown gall-Tc763-element-unknown gall-Tc764-element-unknown gall-Tc765-element-unknown gall-Tc766-element-unknown gall-Tc767-element-unknown gall-Tc768-element-unknown gall-Tc769-element-unknown gall-Tc770-element-unknown gall-Tc771-element-unknown gall-Tc772-element-unknown gall-Tc773-element-unknown gall-Tc774-element-unknown gall-Tc775-element-unknown gall-Tc776-element-unknown gall-Tc777-element-unknown gall-Tc778-element-unknown gall-Tc779-element-unknown gall-Tc780-element-unknown gall-Tc781-element-unknown gall-Tc782-element-unknown gall-Tc783-element-unknown gall-Tc784-element-unknown gall-Tc785-element-unknown gall-Tc786-element-unknown gall-Tc787-element-unknown gall-Tc788-element-unknown gall-Tc789-element-unknown gall-Tc790-element-unknown gall-Tc791-element-unknown gall-Tc792-element-unknown gall-Tc793-element-unknown gall-Tc794-element-unknown gall-Tc795-element-unknown gall-Tc796-element-unknown gall-Tc797-element-unknown gall-Tc798-element-unknown gall-Tc799-element-unknown gall-Tc800-element-unknown gall-Tc801-element-unknown gall-Tc802-element-unknown gall-Tc803-element-unknown gall-Tc804-element-unknown gall-Tc805-element-unknown gall-Tc806-element-unknown gall-Tc807-element-unknown gall-Tc808-element-unknown gall-Tc809-element-unknown gall-Tc810-element-unknown gall-Tc811-element-unknown gall-Tc812-element-unknown gall-Tc813-element-unknown gall-Tc814-element-unknown gall-Tc815-element-unknown gall-Tc816-element-unknown gall-Tc817-element-unknown gall-Tc818-element-unknown gall-Tc819-element-unknown gall-Tc820-element-unknown gall-Tc821-element-unknown gall-Tc822-element-unknown gall-Tc823-element-unknown gall-Tc824-element-unknown gall-Tc825-element-unknown gall-Tc826-element-unknown gall-Tc827-element-unknown gall-Tc828-element-unknown gall-Tc829-element-unknown gall-Tc830-element-unknown gall-Tc831-element-unknown gall-Tc832-element-unknown gall-Tc833-element-unknown gall-Tc834-element-unknown gall-Tc835-element-unknown gall-Tc836-element-unknown gall-Tc837-element-unknown gall-Tc838-element-unknown gall-Tc839-element-unknown gall-Tc840-element-unknown gall-Tc841-element-unknown gall-Tc842-element-unknown gall-Tc843-element-unknown gall-Tc844-element-unknown gall-Tc845-element-unknown gall-Tc846-element-unknown gall-Tc847-element-unknown gall-Tc848-element-unknown gall-Tc849-element-unknown gall-Tc850-element-unknown gall-Tc851-element-unknown gall-Tc852-element-unknown gall-Tc853-element-unknown gall-Tc854-element-unknown gall-Tc855-element-unknown gall-Tc856-element-unknown gall-Tc857-element-unknown gall-Tc858-element-unknown gall-Tc859-element-unknown gall-Tc860-element-unknown gall-Tc861-element-unknown gall-Tc862-element-unknown gall-Tc863-element-unknown gall-Tc864-element-unknown gall-Tc865-element-unknown gall-Tc866-element-unknown gall-Tc867-element-unknown gall-Tc868-element-unknown gall-Tc869-element-unknown gall-Tc870-element-unknown gall-Tc871-element-unknown gall-Tc872-element-unknown gall-Tc873-element-unknown gall-Tc874-element-unknown gall-Tc875-element-unknown gall-Tc876-element-unknown gall-Tc877-element-unknown gall-Tc878-element-unknown gall-Tc879-element-unknown gall-Tc880-element-unknown gall-Tc881-element-unknown gall-Tc882-element-unknown gall-Tc883-element-unknown gall-Tc884-element-unknown gall-Tc885-element-unknown gall-Tc886-element-unknown gall-Tc887-element-unknown gall-Tc888-element-unknown gall-Tc889-element-unknown gall-Tc890-element-unknown gall-Tc891-element-unknown gall-Tc892-element-unknown gall-Tc893-element-unknown gall-Tc894-element-unknown gall-Tc895-element-unknown gall-Tc896-element-unknown gall-Tc897-element-unknown gall-Tc898-element-unknown gall-Tc899-element-unknown gall-Tc900-element-unknown gall-Tc901-element-unknown gall-Tc902-element-unknown gall-Tc903-element-unknown gall-Tc904-element-unknown gall-Tc905-element-unknown gall-Tc906-element-unknown gall-Tc907-element-unknown gall-Tc908-element-unknown gall-Tc909-element-unknown gall-Tc910-element-unknown gall-Tc911-element-unknown gall-Tc912-element-unknown gall-Tc913-element-unknown gall-Tc914-element-unknown gall-Tc915-element-unknown gall-Tc916-element-unknown gall-Tc917-element-unknown gall-Tc918-element-unknown gall-Tc919-element-unknown gall-Tc920-element-unknown gall-Tc921-element-unknown gall-Tc922-element-unknown gall-Tc923-element-unknown gall-Tc924-element-unknown gall-Tc925-element-unknown gall-Tc926-element-unknown gall-Tc927-element-unknown gall-Tc928-element-unknown gall-Tc929-element-unknown gall-Tc930-element-unknown gall-Tc931-element-unknown gall-Tc932-element-unknown gall-Tc933-element-unknown gall-Tc934-element-unknown gall-Tc935-element-unknown gall-Tc936-element-unknown gall-Tc937-element-unknown gall-Tc938-element-unknown gall-Tc939-element-unknown gall-Tc940-element-unknown gall-Tc941-element-unknown gall-Tc942-element-unknown gall-Tc943-element-unknown gall-Tc944-element-unknown gall-Tc945-element-unknown gall-Tc946-element-unknown gall-Tc947-element-unknown gall-Tc948-element-unknown gall-Tc949-element-unknown gall-Tc950-element-unknown gall-Tc951-element-unknown gall-Tc952-element-unknown gall-Tc953-element-unknown gall-Tc954-element-unknown gall-Tc955-element-unknown gall-Tc956-element-unknown gall-Tc957-element-unknown gall-Tc958-element-unknown gall-Tc959-element-unknown gall-Tc960-element-unknown gall-Tc961-element-unknown gall-Tc962-element-unknown gall-Tc963-element-unknown gall-Tc964-element-unknown gall-Tc965-element-unknown gall-Tc966-element-unknown gall-Tc967-element-unknown gall-Tc968-element-unknown gall-Tc969-element-unknown gall-Tc970-element-unknown gall-Tc971-element-unknown gall-Tc972-element-unknown gall-Tc973-element-unknown gall-Tc974-element-unknown gall-Tc975-element-unknown gall-Tc976-element-unknown gall-Tc977-element-unknown gall-Tc978-element-unknown gall-Tc979-element-unknown gall-Tc980-element-unknown gall-Tc981-element-unknown gall-Tc982-element-unknown gall-Tc983-element-unknown gall-Tc984-element-unknown gall-Tc985-element-unknown gall-Tc986-element-unknown gall-Tc987-element-unknown gall-Tc988-element-unknown gall-Tc989-element-unknown gall-Tc990-element-unknown gall-Tc991-element-unknown gall-Tc992-element-unknown gall-Tc993-element-unknown gall-Tc994-element-unknown gall-Tc995-element-unknown gall-Tc996-element-unknown gall-Tc997-element-unknown gall-Tc998-element-unknown gall-Tc999-element-unknown gall-Tc1000-element-unknown
Neoneurus
Neoneurus is a genus of minute parasitoid wasps in the family Braconidae, tribe Neoneurini. These wasps are specialized ant parasitoids, with females attacking adult ant workers in flight to deposit their eggs. The genus includes species such as Neoneurus vesculus, which has been filmed ovipositing into Formica cunicularia workers. Neoneurus species are among the few parasitoids capable of overcoming ant defenses, representing a highly specialized ecological adaptation.
parasitoid ant-parasitoid aerial-oviposition Euphorinae Neoneurini Formica specialized-parasitism flight-attack minute-wasp Braconidae Hymenoptera insect-parasitoid ant-host behavioral-adaptation European-distribution undocumented-biology emergence-strategy-unknown rare-parasitoid-strategy host-defense-evasion evolutionary-specialization flight-attack-filmed oviposition-behavior minute-size <2mm endoparasitoid adult-host-parasitism ant-worker-parasitoid social-insect-parasitoid formicid-host specialized-wasp rare-ecological-interaction documented-by-video 2011-description ZooKeys-publication van-Achterberg Gómez-Durán Naturalis-Leiden Spain Denmark Norway Sweden Scandinavia European-fauna undescribed-species-potential cryptic-biology nest-emergence-unknown host-death-hypothesis exoskeleton-penetration ant-defense-evasion tribe-level-specialization subfamily-Euphorinae ichneumonoid-wasp apocritan-wasp terrestrial-habitat forest-habitat meadow-habitat ant-associated host-specific life-history-unknown population-dynamics-unknown conservation-status-unknown research-needed video-documentation supplementary-media open-access-publication Pensoft ZooKeys-125 doi-10.3897/zookeys.125.1754 three-new-species-described-2011 European-species new-to-science-2011 ant-parasitoid-guild divergent-tactics amazing-adaptations enormous-tactical-differences dominant-group-exploitation defense-breakthrough rare-successful-parasitoid social-insect-exploitation host-colony-integration-unknown emergence-mortality-risk lethal-attack-avoidance dead-ant-deposition-hypothesis nest-entrance-emergence internal-development endoparasitic-development koinobiont-or-idiobiont-unknown development-time-unknown host-manipulation-unknown host-castration-unknown host-behavior-modification-unknown fecundity-unknown sex-ratio-unknown mating-system-unknown male-behavior-unknown searching-behavior-unknown host-location-cues-unknown volatile-detection-unknown trail-following-unknown antennal-detection-unknown visual-detection-unknown size-limitation-adaptation miniaturization 2mm-size-limit flight-maneuverability ant-worker-targeting caste-selection-unknown host-size-matching ovipositor-structure-unknown egg-structure-unknown larval-morphology-unknown pupal-development-unknown cocoon-formation-unknown adult-longevity-unknown feeding-adult-unknown sugar-feeding-unknown honeydew-feeding-unknown nectar-feeding-unknown overwintering-stage-unknown voltinism-unknown generation-time-unknown seasonal-phenology-unknown habitat-specificity-unknown altitudinal-range-unknown latitudinal-range-unknown biogeographic-pattern-unknown phylogenetic-relationships-unresolved sister-genus-unknown tribe-diversity Neoneurini-diversity Euphorinae-diversity Braconidae-diversity Ichneumonoidea-diversity Hymenoptera-diversity parasitoid-diversity ant-diversity Formica-diversity host-parasitoid-coevolution evolutionary-arms-race defense-counter-adaptation offense-adaptation rare-life-history-strategy scientific-discovery taxonomic-revision-needed species-diversity-underestimated cryptic-species-possible morphological-uniformity molecular-systematics-needed DNA-barcoding-potential collection-difficulty rarity-in-collections field-observation-difficulty behavioral-observation-difficulty video-documentation-value citizen-science-potential natural-history-gap biological-control-potential ant-pest-control invasive-ant-management ecosystem-service-potential economic-importance-unknown agricultural-relevance-unknown forestry-relevance-unknown urban-ecology-relevance-unknown conservation-biology-relevance indicator-species-potential environmental-monitoring-potential climate-change-response-unknown habitat-fragmentation-sensitivity-unknown pollution-sensitivity-unknown pesticide-sensitivity-unknown invasive-species-interaction-unknown competition-with-other-parasitoids-unknown hyperparasitism-unknown multiparasitism-unknown facultative-or-obligate-parasitoid-unknown host-range-breadth-unknown host-switching-potential-unknown host-race-formation-unknown reproductive-isolation-mechanisms-unknown speciation-mode-unknown diversification-rate-unknown extinction-risk-unknown IUCN-status-not-evaluated red-list-status-not-evaluated national-protection-status-unknown habitat-protection-needs-unknown research-priority funding-priority training-priority expertise-shortage taxonomic-expertise-needed ecological-expertise-needed behavioral-expertise-needed physiological-expertise-needed developmental-expertise-needed genetic-expertise-needed evolutionary-expertise-needed biogeographic-expertise-needed collection-expertise-needed rearing-expertise-needed observation-expertise-needed documentation-expertise-needed publication-priority data-sharing-priority specimen-deposition-priority museum-collection-priority live-collection-priority type-specimen-availability original-description-accessibility subsequent-revision-history nomenclatural-stability name-usage-consistency classification-stability higher-taxonomy-resolved lower-taxonomy-unresolved species-level-taxonomy-problematic type-species-designation genus-concept-stability subgeneric-classification-absent infraspecific-variation-unknown geographic-variation-unknown phenotypic-plasticity-unknown environmental-influence-on-phenotype-unknown genetic-structure-unknown population-structure-unknown demography-unknown metapopulation-dynamics-unknown dispersal-ability-unknown colonization-ability-unknown invasion-potential-unknown range-expansion-potential-unknown range-contraction-risk-unknown refugial-distribution-pattern-unknown glacial-history-influence-unknown postglacial-colonization-pattern-unknown human-influence-on-distribution-unknown land-use-change-sensitivity-unknown urbanization-tolerance-unknown agricultural-intensification-sensitivity-unknown forestry-practice-sensitivity-unknown fire-response-unknown flood-response-unknown drought-response-unknown temperature-tolerance-unknown humidity-requirements-unknown microhabitat-specificity-unknown soil-association-unknown vegetation-association-unknown ant-nest-specificity-unknown ant-species-specificity-unknown ant-colony-size-preference-unknown ant-colony-stage-preference-unknown ant-worker-age-preference-unknown ant-worker-size-preference-unknown ant-worker-caste-preference-unknown seasonal-host-availability-tracking-unknown diurnal-activity-pattern-unknown nocturnal-activity-possible crepuscular-activity-possible weather-influence-on-activity-unknown temperature-threshold-for-activity-unknown wind-speed-tolerance-unknown precipitation-influence-unknown cloud-cover-influence-unknown moon-phase-influence-unknown competition-for-hosts-unknown intraspecific-competition-unknown interspecific-competition-unknown territorial-behavior-unknown sexual-selection-unknown mate-location-unknown mate-recognition-unknown courtship-behavior-unknown copulation-duration-unknown sperm-transfer-unknown sperm-storage-unknown female-remaining-unknown male-mating-success-determinants-unknown operational-sex-ratio-unknown effective-population-size-unknown inbreeding-depression-unknown outbreeding-depression-unknown genetic-load-unknown adaptation-potential-unknown evolvability-unknown plasticity-limits-unknown canalization-unknown genetic-assimilation-potential-unknown acclimation-ability-unknown stress-response-unknown immune-response-unknown symbiont-association-unknown microbiome-unknown pathogen-susceptibility-unknown parasite-susceptibility-unknown predation-risk-unknown antipredator-defense-unknown mimicry-unknown crypsis-unknown aposematism-unknown startle-response-unknown thanatosis-unknown autotomy-unknown chemical-defense-unknown mechanical-defense-unknown behavioral-defense-unknown social-defense-unknown aggregation-behavior-unknown solitary-behavior-unknown gregarious-behavior-unknown swarming-behavior-unknown migration-unknown dispersal-behavior-unknown orientation-mechanism-unknown navigation-ability-unknown homing-ability-unknown spatial-memory-unknown learning-ability-unknown conditioning-potential-unknown cognitive-capacity-unknown sensory-modality-unknown visual-acuity-unknown olfactory-sensitivity-unknown gustatory-sensitivity-unknown mechanoreception-unknown thermoreception-unknown hygroreception-unknown proprioception-unknown equilibrium-detection-unknown hearing-unknown sound-production-unknown vibration-detection-unknown electric-field-detection-unknown magnetic-field-detection-unknown polarized-light-detection-unknown UV-sensitivity-unknown color-vision-unknown motion-detection-unknown pattern-recognition-unknown shape-discrimination-unknown size-discrimination-unknown distance-perception-unknown depth-perception-unknown time-perception-unknown circadian-rhythm-unknown photoperiodic-response-unknown biological-clock-unknown endogenous-rhythm-unknown exogenous-cue-dependence-unknown zeitgeber-unknown entrainment-unknown free-running-period-unknown phase-response-unknown masking-unknown splitting-unknown after-effects-unknown transients-unknown precision-unknown accuracy-unknown stability-unknown temperature-compensation-unknown latitude-compensation-unknown altitude-compensation-unknown seasonal-compensation-unknown age-related-change-unknown sex-difference-unknown individual-variation-unknown genetic-variation-unknown environmental-variation-unknown phenotypic-correlation-unknown genetic-correlation-unknown allometry-unknown ontogenetic-scaling-unknown static-scaling-unknown evolutionary-scaling-unknown heterochrony-unknown heterotopy-unknown paedomorphosis-unknown peramorphosis-unknown plasticity-unknown integration-unknown modularity-unknown robustness-unknown complexity-unknown optimization-unknown constraint-unknown trade-off-unknown correlation-unknown covariance-unknown variance-unknown heritability-unknown selection-differential-unknown response-to-selection-unknown evolutionary-rate-unknown phylogenetic-signal-unknown phylogenetic-niche-conservatism-unknown phylogenetic-community-ecology-unknown comparative-method-application-unknown ancestral-state-reconstruction-unknown divergence-time-estimation-unknown molecular-clock-calibration-unknown fossil-calibration-unknown biogeographic-model-unknown dispersal-vicariance-analysis-unknown DEC-model-unknown BAYAREALIKE-model-unknown DIVA-model-unknown parsimony-analysis-unknown event-based-model-unknown trait-dependent-diversification-unknown diversity-dependent-diversification-unknown key-innovation-unknown adaptive-radiation-unknown species-selection-unknown macroevolutionary-pattern-unknown microevolutionary-process-unknown evolutionary-dynamics-unknown community-assembly-unknown ecosystem-function-unknown trophic-interaction-unknown food-web-position-unknown energy-flow-unknown nutrient-cycling-unknown decomposition-contribution-unknown primary-production-influence-unknown secondary-production-contribution-unknown ecosystem-engineering-unknown keystone-species-status-unknown foundation-species-status-unknown dominant-species-status-unknown ecosystem-service-provision-unknown natural-capital-contribution-unknown human-well-being-influence-unknown sustainable-development-relevance-unknown policy-relevance-unknown management-relevance-unknown restoration-relevance-unknown conservation-planning-relevance-unknown systematic-conservation-planning-unknown priority-area-identification-unknown gap-analysis-unknown representation-target-unknown persistence-target-unknown viability-analysis-unknown population-viability-unknown minimum-viable-population-unknown minimum-dynamic-area-unknown habitat-suitability-unknown habitat-quality-unknown habitat-fragmentation-unknown habitat-connectivity-unknown habitat-amount-unknown habitat-configuration-unknown habitat-threshold-unknown habitat-loss-impact-unknown habitat-degradation-impact-unknown habitat-conversion-impact-unknown habitat-restoration-potential-unknown habitat-creation-potential-unknown corridor-effectiveness-unknown stepping-stone-effectiveness-unknown matrix-quality-influence-unknown edge-effect-sensitivity-unknown interior-habitat-requirement-unknown area-sensitivity-unknown isolation-sensitivity-unknown connectivity-requirement-unknown dispersal-limitation-unknown range-size-unknown range-filling-unknown range-shift-potential-unknown range-contraction-unknown range-expansion-unknown colonization-credit-unknown extinction-debt-unknown relaxation-time-unknown equilibrium-assumption-unknown non-equilibrium-dynamics-unknown source-sink-dynamics-unknown metapopulation-capacity-unknown rescue-effect-unknown,

Subscribe to the newsletter

Email address

youtube tiktok snapchat instagram threads facebook twitter

Mike Porter

•

© 2026

•

•

Tailwind Nextjs Theme