Norway
Guides
Ectaetia clavipes
Ectaetia clavipes is a species of minute black scavenger fly in the family Scatopsidae, described by Loew in 1846. The genus Ectaetia belongs to a group of small, often overlooked dipterans commonly known as black scavenger flies or minute black flies. Species in this family are typically associated with decaying organic matter. The specific epithet 'clavipes' refers to clubbed feet, a morphological trait characteristic of this species.
Euura poecilonota
Marbled Birch Nematine
Euura poecilonota is a species of sawfly in the family Tenthredinidae, commonly known as the Marbled Birch Nematine. It belongs to the large and diverse genus Euura, which comprises numerous species associated with willows and other woody plants. The species was originally described by Zaddach in 1876 under the name Nematus poecilonotus. Like other nematine sawflies, this species is likely associated with birch (Betula) as a host plant, though specific biological details remain poorly documented in available literature.
Hebecnema nigra
Hebecnema nigra is a species of muscid fly described by Robineau-Desvoidy in 1830. It belongs to the subfamily Mydaeinae within the family Muscidae, a group commonly known as house flies and their relatives. The species is documented from the Palearctic region, with confirmed records from several northwestern European countries.
Medetera apicalis
Medetera apicalis is a species of long-legged fly in the family Dolichopodidae. It occurs in Europe and North America, with distribution records from Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. The species is associated with old-growth forest habitats, where adults have been observed beneath bark and on fruiting bodies of wood-decaying fungi such as Fomitopsis pinicola. As a member of the genus Medetera, it shares the characteristic behavior of perching on tree trunks in a distinctive tiptoe posture.
Myrmechixenus
Myrmechixenus is a genus of darkling beetles in the family Tenebrionidae, subfamily Diaperinae. The genus contains two recognized species: M. lathridioides and M. picinus. Members of this genus are small beetles associated with ant colonies.
Neoneurus
Neoneurus is a genus of minute parasitoid wasps in the family Braconidae, tribe Neoneurini. These wasps are specialized ant parasitoids, with females attacking adult ant workers in flight to deposit their eggs. The genus includes species such as Neoneurus vesculus, which has been filmed ovipositing into Formica cunicularia workers. Neoneurus species are among the few parasitoids capable of overcoming ant defenses, representing a highly specialized ecological adaptation.
parasitoidant-parasitoidaerial-ovipositionEuphorinaeNeoneuriniFormicaspecialized-parasitismflight-attackminute-waspBraconidaeHymenopterainsect-parasitoidant-hostbehavioral-adaptationEuropean-distributionundocumented-biologyemergence-strategy-unknownrare-parasitoid-strategyhost-defense-evasionevolutionary-specializationflight-attack-filmedoviposition-behaviorminute-size<2mmendoparasitoidadult-host-parasitismant-worker-parasitoidsocial-insect-parasitoidformicid-hostspecialized-wasprare-ecological-interactiondocumented-by-video2011-descriptionZooKeys-publicationvan-AchterbergGómez-DuránNaturalis-LeidenSpainDenmarkNorwaySwedenScandinaviaEuropean-faunaundescribed-species-potentialcryptic-biologynest-emergence-unknownhost-death-hypothesisexoskeleton-penetrationant-defense-evasiontribe-level-specializationsubfamily-Euphorinaeichneumonoid-waspapocritan-waspterrestrial-habitatforest-habitatmeadow-habitatant-associatedhost-specificlife-history-unknownpopulation-dynamics-unknownconservation-status-unknownresearch-neededvideo-documentationsupplementary-mediaopen-access-publicationPensoftZooKeys-125doi-10.3897/zookeys.125.1754three-new-species-described-2011European-speciesnew-to-science-2011ant-parasitoid-guilddivergent-tacticsamazing-adaptationsenormous-tactical-differencesdominant-group-exploitationdefense-breakthroughrare-successful-parasitoidsocial-insect-exploitationhost-colony-integration-unknownemergence-mortality-risklethal-attack-avoidancedead-ant-deposition-hypothesisnest-entrance-emergenceinternal-developmentendoparasitic-developmentkoinobiont-or-idiobiont-unknowndevelopment-time-unknownhost-manipulation-unknownhost-castration-unknownhost-behavior-modification-unknownfecundity-unknownsex-ratio-unknownmating-system-unknownmale-behavior-unknownsearching-behavior-unknownhost-location-cues-unknownvolatile-detection-unknowntrail-following-unknownantennal-detection-unknownvisual-detection-unknownsize-limitation-adaptationminiaturization2mm-size-limitflight-maneuverabilityant-worker-targetingcaste-selection-unknownhost-size-matchingovipositor-structure-unknownegg-structure-unknownlarval-morphology-unknownpupal-development-unknowncocoon-formation-unknownadult-longevity-unknownfeeding-adult-unknownsugar-feeding-unknownhoneydew-feeding-unknownnectar-feeding-unknownoverwintering-stage-unknownvoltinism-unknowngeneration-time-unknownseasonal-phenology-unknownhabitat-specificity-unknownaltitudinal-range-unknownlatitudinal-range-unknownbiogeographic-pattern-unknownphylogenetic-relationships-unresolvedsister-genus-unknowntribe-diversityNeoneurini-diversityEuphorinae-diversityBraconidae-diversityIchneumonoidea-diversityHymenoptera-diversityparasitoid-diversityant-diversityFormica-diversityhost-parasitoid-coevolutionevolutionary-arms-racedefense-counter-adaptationoffense-adaptationrare-life-history-strategyscientific-discoverytaxonomic-revision-neededspecies-diversity-underestimatedcryptic-species-possiblemorphological-uniformitymolecular-systematics-neededDNA-barcoding-potentialcollection-difficultyrarity-in-collectionsfield-observation-difficultybehavioral-observation-difficultyvideo-documentation-valuecitizen-science-potentialnatural-history-gapbiological-control-potentialant-pest-controlinvasive-ant-managementecosystem-service-potentialeconomic-importance-unknownagricultural-relevance-unknownforestry-relevance-unknownurban-ecology-relevance-unknownconservation-biology-relevanceindicator-species-potentialenvironmental-monitoring-potentialclimate-change-response-unknownhabitat-fragmentation-sensitivity-unknownpollution-sensitivity-unknownpesticide-sensitivity-unknowninvasive-species-interaction-unknowncompetition-with-other-parasitoids-unknownhyperparasitism-unknownmultiparasitism-unknownfacultative-or-obligate-parasitoid-unknownhost-range-breadth-unknownhost-switching-potential-unknownhost-race-formation-unknownreproductive-isolation-mechanisms-unknownspeciation-mode-unknowndiversification-rate-unknownextinction-risk-unknownIUCN-status-not-evaluatedred-list-status-not-evaluatednational-protection-status-unknownhabitat-protection-needs-unknownresearch-priorityfunding-prioritytraining-priorityexpertise-shortagetaxonomic-expertise-neededecological-expertise-neededbehavioral-expertise-neededphysiological-expertise-neededdevelopmental-expertise-neededgenetic-expertise-neededevolutionary-expertise-neededbiogeographic-expertise-neededcollection-expertise-neededrearing-expertise-neededobservation-expertise-neededdocumentation-expertise-neededpublication-prioritydata-sharing-priorityspecimen-deposition-prioritymuseum-collection-prioritylive-collection-prioritytype-specimen-availabilityoriginal-description-accessibilitysubsequent-revision-historynomenclatural-stabilityname-usage-consistencyclassification-stabilityhigher-taxonomy-resolvedlower-taxonomy-unresolvedspecies-level-taxonomy-problematictype-species-designationgenus-concept-stabilitysubgeneric-classification-absentinfraspecific-variation-unknowngeographic-variation-unknownph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A genus of dwarf spiders (family Linyphiidae) established in 1894, comprising approximately 30 species distributed across cold-temperate and Arctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Most species inhabit high-latitude or high-altitude environments. The genus was revised extensively by Saaristo & Marusik in 2004, resulting in numerous new species descriptions.
ArachnidaAraneaeLinyphiidaedwarf-spiderArcticborealHolarctictundramontanepredatorcold-adaptedground-dwellinghigh-latitudehigh-altitudeSaaristoMarusikChyzerKulczyński18942004-revisiongenitalic-charactersepigynumembolusconductorpalaearcticnearcticEurasiaNorth-AmericaScandinaviaSiberiaAlaskaCanadaGreenlandKazakhstanMongoliaChinaKurile-IslandsFinlandSwedenNorwayGermanySwitzerlandItalySlovakiaBulgariaCentral-Europetype-species:-Oreoneta-frigidathirty-species30-speciessmall-spidersheet-web-weavermoney-spiderLinyphiinaeErigoninaemicrohabitatlitter-dwellingcrypticunderstudiedtaxonomic-revisionmorphological-taxonomylight-microscopyspecies-descriptionbiogeographyglacial-refugiapost-glacial-colonizationendemicregional-endemicalpine-endemicArctic-endemicboreal-foresttaigarocky-habitatmeadowwetlandstream-marginsnowbedfellfieldheathmosslichenvegetationsoil-surfacestonerockboulderscreetalusdebrishumusorganic-layerpermafrostpolarsubpolarcold-stenothermstenothermstenotopichabitat-specialistconservationraredata-deficientIUCNred-listnatural-historysystematicsphylogenymolecular-systematicsDNA-barcodingCOIcytochrome-oxidase28S18SITSmorphologytaxonomyalpha-taxonomyrevisionmonographfaunisticschorologyzoogeographydispersalvicariancespeciationcryptic-speciesspecies-complexspecies-groupspecies-aggregatesubspeciesinfraspecificvariationpolymorphismsexual-dimorphismmalefemalejuvenileinstarecdysismoltingdevelopmentgrowthreproductionmatingcourtshipsperm-transferspermatophorepedipalppalpal-organcopulatory-organgenitaliaepigynevulvaspermathecafertilization-ductcopulatory-ductatriumscapemacerationdissectionmicroscopestereomicroscopecompound-microscopeillustrationdrawingphotographySEMscanning-electron-microscopyhabitusdorsalventrallateralprosomaopisthosomaabdomencephalothoraxcarapacesternumchelicerafanglegtarsusmetatarsustibiapatellafemurcoxatrochanterspinneretcolulustracheal-spiraclebook-lungcuticlesetahairspinemacrosetasensillumchaetotaxyeyeoculusocellianterior-median-eyeposterior-median-eyeanterior-lateral-eyeposterior-lateral-eyeeye-tubercleclypeusfoveapedicelwaistconstrictioncolorpatternpigmentationmelanismalbinismsizemeasurementtotal-lengthcarapace-lengthcarapace-widthabdomen-lengthleg-lengthleg-formulaindexratioproportionallometryontogenysubadultadultmaturitysexual-maturityreproductive-maturitylongevitylife-spangeneration-timevoltinismunivoltinesemivoltinebiennialperennialoverwinteringdiapausequiescencecold-hardinessfreeze-tolerancefreeze-avoidancesupercoolingcryoprotectantglycerolsorbitoltrehalosethermal-biologythermoregulationbehavioral-thermoregulationpostural-thermoregulationactivitydiurnalnocturnalcrepuscularmatutinalvespertinecircadianrhythmseasonalphenologycalendardatemonthactivity-periodbreeding-seasonovipositioneggegg-saccocoonsilkwebsheet-webtangle-webspace-webplatform-webdome-webbowl-webfunnelretreatsignal-linedraglineattachment-discampullate-glandcylindriform-glandaciniform-glandaggregate-glandflagelliform-glandtubuliform-glandpiriform-glandmajor-ampullateminor-ampullatesilk-proteinspidroinfibroinsericingluevisciddrycapture-silkdragline-silksafety-lineanchor-lineframe-lineradial-linespiral-linesticky-spiralnon-sticky-spiralhubperimetersubstratenicheguildfunctional-grouptrophic-levelcarnivorezoophagearthropodivoreinsectivorepreycaptureattacksubdueimmobilizekillfeeddigestextraoral-digestionsucking-stomachgutmidguthindgutMalpighian-tubuleexcretionosmoregulationmetabolismrespirationtracheaspiraclegas-exchangecirculationhemolymphheartaortasinusnervous-systembrainganglionnervesensory-organmechanoreceptorchemoreceptorthermoreceptorhygroreceptorphotoreceptorproprioceptortrichobothriumtarsal-organslit-sensillumlyriform-organpedipalp-organHaller's-organcontact-chemoreceptorgustatoryolfactorypheromonesemiochemicalkairomoneallomonesynomonecommunicationsignalvibrationseismicairbornevisualchemicaltactilecopulationinseminationspermspermatozoonmedian-apophysisterminal-apophysisparacymbiumcymbiumbulbustegulumsubtegulumradixlamellaprocessapophysisflangehookcoilspiralductreservoirscleriteplatefieldfossapocketreceptaculumspermathecaeglandinsemination-ductuterusuterus-externusuterus-internusvaginagonoporeovipositorovaryoviductfolliclevitellogenesisoogenesisspermatogenesistestisvas-deferensejaculatory-ductseminal-vesiclefecundityfertilityclutch-sizeegg-numberhatchingemergenceballooningaerial-dispersalsilk-draglinegossamermigrationmovementwalkingrunningjumpingclimbingburrowinghidingrefugeshelterdefensepredationpredator-avoidanceantipredatorcrypsiscamouflagemimicryaposematismdeimaticthanatosisautotomyleg-lossregenerationinjurywoundhealingimmune-responsehemocytemelanizationencapsulationnoduleparasiteparasitoidpathogenfungusbacteriumvirusnematodemitegroomingcleaninghygieneself-maintenancesilk-useweb-useprey-captureforaginghuntingambushsit-and-waitactive-huntingsearchingprobingtestingexplorationlearningmemorycognitionbehaviorethologyecologypopulationcommunityecosystembiomebiospherehabitatenvironmentabioticbioticfactortemperaturehumiditymoisturepreci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tube maker caddisflies
Plectrocnemia is a genus of tube maker caddisflies in the family Polycentropodidae comprising more than 120 described species. Larvae are aquatic predators that construct silken capture nets to intercept prey. The genus has been extensively studied for its larval silk production, vibration-mediated predatory behavior, and population genetics. Species occur across Europe and into western Asia, with detailed biological information available for several well-studied species including P. conspersa and P. brevis.
Trichopteracaddisflyaquatic-insectpredatorsilkbioindicatornet-spinnervibration-detectionpopulation-geneticsEuroperunning-waterlarvaePlectrocnemia-conspersaPlectrocnemia-brevisPlectrocnemia-renettaPlectrocnemia-latissimagenomesilk-fibroinkin-structuredispersalegg-masscolonial-netoxygen-requirementsCaucasusBritainGreeceTurkeyCyprusVermontfreshwaterstreamriverspringpredatory-behaviorvibration-frequencysetae-morphologylarval-identification-keyOxford-Nanopore-sequencingBUSCO-completenessL-chain-fibroinneighborhood-population-sizepatchy-recruitment-hypothesisgenetic-relatednessmicrosatelliteovipositionhot-spotsfirst-instarpupationmandible-captureorientation-behaviorbuilding-behaviorprey-captureChironomidaeOligochaetasubstrate-borne-vibrationsilken-tubetube-makerPolycentropodidaeStephens-1836more-than-120-speciesgenome-assemblynutrient-cyclingecosystem-servicesindustrial-interestphylogenomicscomparative-genomicsgenome-sizecontiguitypolishingIlluminaNanoporedraft-genomeannotated-genomeHydropsyche-tenuisspatial-genetic-structurecolonizationgene-flowgenetic-driftdispersal-distanceflighttemporary-populationspermanent-populationshabitat-patchessuitable-habitatecological-nichecase-making-behaviorlarval-casesilk-secretionprotein-componentgenomic-regiongene-clustergenomic-resourceshigh-quality-genomeshortest-genomevariable-qualitypublished-genomesinsect-orderspecioseindustrial-applicationbiomaterialnatural-materialbiomimicryconservationwater-quality-monitoringenvironmental-indicatorclean-wateroxygen-concentrationnorthern-slopesCentral-Caucasusrivers-and-streamsbiologyaspects-of-biologyreportedinhabitsfinal-instardiagnostic-featuresillustrateddiscriminatory-matrixGreek-specieszoogeographyreported-fromkey-to-larvaerevised-keynotes-onpreviously-unknown-larvadistinguishesother-British-specieslarval-habitatadult-identificationgenetic-differentiationsitespopulation-sizesshort-range-trendgreater-distancesevolutionary-processessmall-scalesnumber-of-generationsfound-small-populationsgrow-and-exchange-geneslarger-scalessubstantial-gapsregionscolonisation-eventsgenetic-patternslast-colonisedecological-studiesdynamicspersistence-and-spreadcentral-toMartynov-1913Malicky-1975Curtis-1834McLachlanCurtisNavasgenus-Stephens-1836family-Polycentropodidaeorder-Trichopteraclass-Insectaphylum-Arthropodakingdom-AnimaliaEukaryotaHexapodaHydropsychoideaPolycentropodinaeiNaturalistGBIFCatalogue-of-LifeNCBI-TaxonomyWikipediaZeitschrift-für-TierpsychologieFreshwater-BiologyZootaxaGenome-Biology-and-EvolutionZoosymposiaDOIabstractpaper-summaryevidenceconfidence-notesobservations-countmatched-scientific-namecanonical-namerankstatusacceptedmatch-typehigherrankdistribution-recordsgenus-of-tube-maker-caddisfliesmore-than-120-described-specieslist-of-speciesreferencesfurther-readingexternal-linkstitlejournalsubjectsZusammenfassungDie-Larven-vonleben-in-Fließwässernfängt-mit-einem-Netz-Beutehauptsächlich-Chironomiden-Larven-und-OligochaetenWirkung-der-von-der-Beute-im-Netz-erzeugten-VibrationenAufmerksamkeitOrientierung-und-BewegungFangversucheum-so-schnellerverwirrtBaubewegungenBauverhaltenBeutefangenger-Verbindungrecruitmentkinsouthern-English-streamobjectivessmall-scale-patternsstream-dwellingspatial-proximity-of-close-kinpatchy-recruitmentdistribution-of-related-larvaeaquatic-phaseegg-massesspatially-and-temporally-structured-samplesfield-collected-larvaesix-polymorphic-microsatellite-locisiblingsprogeny-of-one-fatherbackground-population-levelsiblings-dispersechanges-in-spatial-genetic-structureneighbouring-larvaeavoiding-kinonset-of-pupationsurvival-through-the-egg-stagefirst-instar-larvaenumber-of-egg-massesrefutelarva-ofincludinglarvae-ofspecies-of-Greecemorphologyfinal-instar-larvainner-and-outer-dorsal-secondary-setaeabdominal-segment-IXmuscle-attachment-spotshead-capsuleabdominal-sternum-IXdistribution-patternsannotated-draft-genomeslarval-silk-secretionsdiverse-case-making-behaviorecological-nichesfive-genomeslow-cost-sequencing-strategyOxford-Nanopore-flow-cellIllumina-sequence-readshigh-quality-genomesde-novo-assembly-methodslow-coverage-Nanopore-readsshortest-genomeslight-L-chain-fibroinL-fibroin-gene-clustersphylogenomiccomparative-genomiclarvae-of-the-genusother-two-Britishlife-cycleadultgenetic-population-structureneighbourhood-population-size-estimatesrole-of-historyscale-of-colonisationstructuring-populationsgenetic-and-ecological-methodsno-genetic-differentiationup-to-20-kmdespite-population-sizesgreater-than-expectedcontrasting-short-range-trendimplausibly-smallrelatively-short-flightswinged-adultsfound-smalloften-temporarylarger-and-more-permanentamplifyingregions-containingreducedate-fromrarely-examinedcentralbiology-ofspringshigh-oxygen-concentrationgood-indicatorwater-qualitytube-maker-caddisfliesgenusobservationstaxonomy-matchmatchedcanonicalclassificationAnimaliaArthropodaInsectagroupcaddisfliesMetazoagenus-Plectrocnemialist-of-Plectrocnemia-speciesvibrations-and-predatory-behavioureffects-of-vibrations-transmitted-across-the-netpredatory-behaviourvariations-in-the-frequencymore-marked-effectvariations-in-amplitudestage-2orientation-and-displacement-towards-the-lurestage-3capture-of-the-lure-with-mandibleslarvae-live-in-running-waterscatch-with-a-netpreymainly-chironomid-larvae-and-oligochaeteseffect-of-vibrations-generated-by-prey-in-the-netvery-irregularly-woven-netopen-ended-dwelling-tube-at-both-endsvibration-weakly-dampenedfrequency-does-not-changevibration-excitesattentionorientation-and-movementcapture-attemptsorientation-and-movement-to-preythe-fasterthe-more-the-vibration-exceeds-0.28-Hzfrequencies-of-0.15-to-0.28-Hzlead-to-incomplete-reactionsas-if-the-larvae-were-confusedfrequencies-below-0.075-Hzgenerate-building-movementsbuilding-behavior-instead-of-prey-captureclosely-connectedrecruitment-kin-and-spatial-genetic-structureoviposition-and-genetic-relatednessstream-dwelling-caddisbeginning-of-the-aquatic-phasefour-sample-dateswithin-one-generationmean-relatedness-coefficientwithin-reared-egg-massesdiffered-significantlypopulation-as-a-wholemarkers-sufficiently-powerfulidentify-groups-of-siblingssmall-contribution-from-a-second-malemean-relatedness-within-spatially-structured-groupsdid-not-differ-from-backgroundsiblings-disperse-away-from-each-otherkin-structure-does-not-persistchanges-in-spatial-genetic-structure-late-in-larval-lifeneighbouring-larvae-less-closely-relatedapproaching-onset-of-pupationsurvival-through-egg-stage-and-early-larval-lifevery-highgreater-than-50%non-social-insectconsequence-of-colonial-netbriefly-occupied-by-first-instar-larvaelack-of-spatial-genetic-structurehigh-survivalrefute-patchy-recruitment-hypothesislarva-of-Plectrocnemia-renettaincluding-discriminatory-matrixlarvae-of-Plectrocnemia-Stephens-1836-species-of-Greecemorphology-of-final-instar-larvamost-important-diagnostic-features-illustratedpreliminary-discriminatory-matrixstrongly-different-in-lengthseparated-from-each-othermuscle-attachment-spots-on-head-capsulenumber-and-length-of-setae-on-abdominal-sternum-IXreported-from-Cyprus-Turkey-Greek-islandsexploit-wide-range-of-ecological-nichesfive-genomes-publishedvariable-qualitiessingle-Oxford-Nanopore-flow-cellde-novo-assembly-methods-comparedassembly-of-low-coverage-Nanopore-readssubsequent-polishingyielded-highest-genome-qualitycontiguity-and-BUSCO-completenessshortest-genomes-to-dateextend-knowledge-of-genome-sizegenomic-region-encodes-for-light-L-chain-fibroinprotein-component-of-larval-caddisfly-silkidentified-and-comparednew-genomic-resourcesamong-highest-quality-Trichoptera-genomesincrease-knowledgebasis-for-phylogenomic-and-comparative-genomic-studiesrevised-key-to-larvaedistinguishes-previously-unknown-larvaother-two-British-speciesnotes-on-larval-habitat-life-cycle-and-identification-of-adultgenetic-population-structure-and-neighbourhood-population-size-estimatesrole-of-history-and-scale-of-colonisationno-genetic-differentiation-between-sites-up-to-20-kmdespite-population-sizes-suggesting-genetic-driftgenetic-differentiation-between-populations-separated-by-more-than-20-kmneighbourhood-population-size-implausibly-smallevolutionary-processes-do-not-explain-differentiationrelatively-short-flights-by-winged-adultsspread-over-number-of-generationsfound-small-often-temporary-populationsgrow-and-exchange-genes-with-larger-permanent-local-populationsamplify-effects-of-initial-gene-flowsubstantial-gaps-between-regions-containing-suitable-habitat-patchesreduce-number-of-colonisation-eventsgenetic-patterns-may-date-from-time-last-colonisedecological-studies-rarely-examined-dynamics-over-larger-geographical-scalescentral-to-persistence-and-spreadbiology-of-Plectrocnemia-latissimarivers-and-streams-of-Central-Caucasus-northern-slopessprings-streams-and-riversrequires-high-oxygen-concentrationgood-indicator-of-water-qualityaspects-of-biology-reportedWikipedia-summaryrank-GENUSstatus-ACCEPTEDmatch-type-HIGHERRANKdistribution-records-DK-NO-SE-Vermont-US-USscientific-nameauthorship-Stephens-1836classification-Eukaryota-Animalia-Arthropoda-Hexapoda-Insecta-Trichoptera-Hydropsychoidea-Polycentropodidae-Polycentropodinae-Plectrocnemiascientific-name-Plectrocnemiagroup-caddisflieskingdom-Metazoainstructionsfill-all-fieldsif-a-field-cannot-be-supported-return-nulldo-not-repeat-information-across-fieldskeep-each-section-focused-on-its-purposeprovide-useful-detail-where-possiblecritical-rulesfactual-correctness-over-completenessclarity-over-verbosityusefulness-over-speculationif-information-is-not-clearly-supported-return-nulldo-not-infer-species-level-traits-from-higher-taxa-unless-explicitly-justifieddo-not-repeat-the-same-information-across-multiple-fieldseach-field-must-contain-unique-non-overlapping-contentavoid-vague-generalizationslike-most-insectstypically-feeds-on-plantsuse-cautious-language-when-necessaryhas-been-observedis-known-todo-not-fabricatebehaviorsdietlife-cycle-detailshost-relationshipsfield-intentsummary-high-level-overview-3-5-sentencesappearance-physical-description-onlyidentif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live-incatch-witheffect-ofgenerated-byinvestigatedvery-irregularly-wovenopen-at-both-endsweakly-dampeneddoes-not-changeexcitesthe-moreexceedslead-toas-ifotherwisesometimes-occurssuggestsour-objectivesexaminein-particularlook-forany-evidencethereforein-order-toat-the-beginningover-foursubsequently-comparedreared-fromranged-fromindicating-thatsufficiently-powerfullikely-to-bealthoughcould-not-be-excludeddid-not-differsuggesting-thatvery-quicklydoes-not-persistindicated-thatpossibly-suggestingsome-direct-or-indirect-meanswhen-approachingour-countssuggested-thatapparently-very-highmay-be-a-consequenceall-refutealso-providedbelong-tocan-be-separatedwith-respect-tohas-been-reportedmembers-ofprovide-importantfor-exampledue-tothese-form-the-basisonly-fivepublished-thus-farwith-variable-qualitiesregardingwas-successfully-usedof-thecomparedyieldedboth-in-termsto-dateextend-our-knowledgeacrosswas-identified-and-comparedwith-existingpresented-in-this-paperare-amongwill-increaseby-serving-asfrom-larvae-ofare-given-onof-the-adultused-bothto-evaluatethere-was-nodespitegiven-theimplied-thatis-implausibly-smalldo-not-explainat-small-scalescould-account-forfor-instancemay-thenover-larger-scalescould-reducemay-date-fromhave-rarely-examinedyet-these-processesmay-be-central-tofrom-the-rivers-and-streamsaspects-ofare-reported-herecan-be-used-ashigh-level-overview3-5-sentencesphysical-description-onlyhow-to-distinguishenvironment-and-conditionsgeographic-range-onlytiming-of-activityfeeding-habitsdevelopmental-stagesnotable-actions-or-habitsrole-in-ecosysteminteraction-with-humansmust-include-reasononly-if-meaningfulonly-for-important-additional-contextclear-direct-sentencesno-fluff-or-fillerno-repeating-taxonomyno-overly-technical-jargonprefer-concretehigh-only-if-most-fields-well-supportedmedium-if-partial-but-reliablelow-if-sparse-datatrue-only-if-generalization-usedstrictly-matchno-commentary-outside-JSONgenerate-taxon-recordtaxonPlectrocnemiaoptional-contextmay-be-incompleteif-a-field-cannot-be-supportedkeep-each-section-focusedprovide-useful-detailfactual-correctnessclarityverbosityusefulnessspeculationinformation-not-clearly-supporteddo-not-infer-species-level-traitsfrom-higher-taxaunless-explicitly-justifieddo-not-repeatsame-informationmultiple-fieldseach-field-must-containunique-non-overlapping-contentuse-cautious-languageaccurateconservativeinformativestructuredrecordsscientificNamecanonicalNamescientificNameAuthorshiptaxonRankcommonNamessubfamilyspeciesEpithetsubspeciesEpithetSathon
Sathon is a genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Braconidae, established by Mason in 1981. These insects belong to the order Hymenoptera and are part of the diverse group of wasps, ants, and bees. The genus is known from limited observations, with distribution records indicating presence in Norway and Sweden.
Sepsis punctum
Sepsis punctum is a European species of black scavenger fly in the family Sepsidae. It is a small, dark-colored fly that has been recorded from Belgium, Denmark, and Norway. The species belongs to a genus commonly associated with dung and decaying organic matter.
Syrphus attenuatus
Yellow-margined Flower Fly
Syrphus attenuatus is a species of hoverfly (family Syrphidae) described by Hine in 1922. As a member of the subfamily Syrphinae, its larvae are presumed aphid predators, though this specific life history has not been directly documented for this species. The species is known from Norway and Sweden according to distribution records, and is referred to by the common name "Yellow-margined Flower Fly." Like other Syrphus species, adults likely visit flowers for nectar and pollen.
Trichosirocalus
rosette weevils, crown weevils
A genus of small true weevils native to the Palearctic region. Several species have been widely introduced to North America, Australia, and New Zealand as biological control agents for invasive thistles. The genus was historically treated as containing a single species, T. horridus, but integrative taxonomic studies using molecular and morphological data have revealed multiple distinct species with different host associations.
weevilbiological-controlthistleinvasive-species-managementCeutorhynchinaerosette-feederCeutorhynchiniBaridinaetaxonomic-revisionclassical-biological-controlCarduusCirsiumOnopordumPalearctic-nativeintroduced-speciesmolecular-systematicsintegrative-taxonomyunivoltineleaf-mineragricultural-pest-controlpasture-weed-managementspecies-complexhost-specificitymusk-thistleplumeless-thistleScotch-thistleIllyrian-thistlewelted-thistleItalian-thistlecrown-weevilrosette-weeviloviposition-behavioroverwinteringegg-stagelarval-stageadult-stagedecaying-organic-mattersoil-surfacenon-photosynthetic-leavesgreen-leavesleaf-midribspetiolesleaf-miningnotching-damagerosette-survivalflowering-stem-reductionseed-production-reductionrosette-mortalitypopulation-density-effectsmark-recapturedispersal-patternsartificial-diet-rearinglaboratory-culturevitamin-supplementationlyophilized-thistle-rootsergosterolcasein-hydrolysate7-dehydrocholesterolsucroselarval-survivaladult-longevityovipositionfemale-fecundityfield-cage-experimentsindividual-cage-experimentsgrowth-parameter-reductionpre-release-host-specificity-testingpost-release-monitoringestablishment-successrange-expansionforested-areasagricultural-landpasturesmall-farmscropsdisturbed-habitatsmeadowsdense-patchesrosette-size-preferencespatial-distributionselective-ovipositionautumn-egg-layingwinter-larval-developmentspring-pupationlate-summer-adult-emergencesoil-overwinteringplant-debris-overwinteringrachisleaf-dissectiondestructive-samplingnon-destructive-samplingsampling-biaslife-stage-detectionestablished-populationsmitochondrial-COInuclear-EF-1αmorphological-charactershost-plant-associationssynonymyspecies-validityintroduction-historyrelease-recordsestablishment-recordsOld-World-nativeNew-World-introductionSouthern-Hemisphere-introductionAustraliaNew-ZealandNorth-AmericaVirginiaSouthwest-VirginiaEuropeSpainFranceGermanyItalySwitzerlandAustriaScandinaviaDenmarkNorwaySwedenColonnelli-1979Panzer-1801Alonso-Zarazaga-&-Sánchez-Ruiz-2002Ceutorhynchinae-vs-Baridinaesubfamily-placementtribe-placementtrue-weevilsCurculionidaeColeopteraInsectaArthropodaAnimalia882-iNaturalist-observationsGBIF-recordsCatalogue-of-Life-acceptedNCBI-TaxonomyBulletin-of-Entomological-ResearchJournal-of-Applied-EcologyJournal-of-Entomological-ScienceAnnals-of-the-Entomological-Society-of-AmericaEnvironmental-EntomologyDOI-10.1017/s000748531500084xDOI-10.1046/j.1365-2664.2002.00747.xDOI-10.18474/0749-8004-22.4.324DOI-10.18474/0749-8004-22.4.330DOI-10.18474/0749-8004-24.4.465DOI-10.1093/aesa/73.6.694DOI-10.1093/ee/10.5.691