Tundra
Guides
Arctia alpina
Arctic Tiger Moth
Arctia alpina is a tiger moth in the family Erebidae, distributed across high-latitude and high-altitude regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The species inhabits northern Scandinavia, Siberia, Alaska, northwestern Canada, and mountainous areas of southern Siberia and northern Mongolia. Adults have a wingspan of 42–50 mm. Larvae feed on specific host plants including dandelion, Vaccinium species, and dwarf willow. The species was transferred from the genus Acerbia to Arctia in a broader taxonomic revision of tiger moth genera.
Arctia opulenta
Opulent Tiger Moth
Arctia opulenta is a tiger moth in the family Erebidae, first described by Henry Edwards in 1881. It is a small, diurnal species restricted to high-latitude tundra habitats across northern North America. The species is notable for its Arctic-alpine distribution and specialized larval diet on willow species.
Berninelsonius hyperboreus
Beringian Click Beetle
Berninelsonius hyperboreus is a click beetle (family Elateridae) endemic to the Beringian region of the Arctic. The species was described by Gyllenhal in 1827 and represents one of the few elaterid beetles adapted to extreme northern environments. It is known from a very small number of observations and collections, reflecting both its restricted range and the difficulty of accessing its habitat. The genus Berninelsonius is monotypic, containing only this species.
Boloria chariclea
Arctic fritillary, purplish fritillary
Boloria chariclea is a Holarctic butterfly in the family Nymphalidae, known as the Arctic fritillary or purplish fritillary. It inhabits cold northern environments including tundra, taiga, alpine meadows, and acid bogs. The species exhibits a two-year life cycle in some populations, with larvae hibernating during first and second winters. Multiple subspecies are recognized across its broad range, including the endemic B. c. montinus isolated in the White Mountains of New Hampshire for approximately 9,000 years.
Boloria freija
Freija fritillary
Boloria freija is a circumboreal fritillary butterfly found in Arctic and subarctic habitats across the Northern Hemisphere. The species exhibits a two-year life cycle, with larvae feeding on specific bog and tundra plants including cloudberry and various Ericaceae. Adults are active during brief summer periods in northern latitudes.
Boloria polaris
Polaris Fritillary
Boloria polaris is a high-arctic butterfly in the family Nymphalidae, occurring across the northernmost regions of the Palearctic and Nearctic. It is notable for its extreme northern distribution, being one of only six butterfly species recorded on Canada's Ellesmere Island. The species exhibits a two-year life cycle, with adults flying in late June to mid-July. Its larvae feed on specific tundra plants including Dryas octopetala and Vaccinium species.
Carabus chamissonis
Fisher's worm and slug hunter
Carabus chamissonis is a ground beetle species restricted to tundra environments across northern North America. It occupies open, dry tundra habitats with better drainage than those used by the related Carabus truncaticollis. The species exhibits brachyptery (reduced wings) and nocturnal activity patterns. Adults overwinter within their own pupal cavities, an unusual behavior among ground beetles. Disjunct populations occur on isolated mountaintops in New England, far south of the main Arctic range.
Carabus truncaticollis
blunt-collared worm and slug hunter
Carabus truncaticollis is a ground beetle in the family Carabidae distributed across the northern Holarctic. The species occurs in mesic tundra environments, including moist meadows. Multiple subspecies have been described, primarily from Russia and Mongolia. The common name 'blunt-collared worm and slug hunter' reflects its presumed predatory habits, though specific dietary documentation is limited.
Carabus vietinghoffii
Vietinghoff's worm and slug hunter
Carabus vietinghoffii is a ground beetle in the family Carabidae with a broad distribution spanning northern regions of North America, Europe, and Asia. The species occurs in boreal forest, sub-Arctic, and Arctic tundra habitats, where it has been documented as far north as 81°N latitude on Ellesmere Island. Research indicates this beetle is a predator, contributing to the high proportion of carnivorous beetles found in northern ecosystems. The species exhibits several recognized subspecies across its range, including C. v. vietinghoffii in North America and Alaska, and C. v. fulgidus and others in Russia and China.
Catoptria latiradiellus
Two-banded Catoptria Moth, Three-spotted Crambus Moth, Two-banded Catoptria
A small crambid moth native to northern North America, recognized by its distinctive wing pattern with two pale bands. Adults are active during mid-summer in wet, open habitats across a broad transcontinental range. The species was described by Francis Walker in 1863 and remains relatively well-documented through observation records.
Chiloxanthus stellatus
shore bug
Chiloxanthus stellatus is a predatory shore bug in the family Saldidae, distributed across Arctic and temperate regions of Europe, Northern Asia, and North America. The species inhabits moist tundra and shoreline habitats, functioning as an arthropod predator in these ecosystems. Research in Arctic Alaska has documented its population density and habitat distribution patterns in tundra environments.
Colias gigantea
Giant Sulphur, Giant Northern Sulfur
Colias gigantea, the giant sulphur, is a medium-sized butterfly in the family Pieridae found across northern North America. It inhabits tundra and willow bog habitats from Alaska eastward across Canada to the Atlantic coast, with disjunct populations in the northern Rocky Mountains. Adults are active from June through early August, with larvae feeding exclusively on willow species (Salix spp.) and adults taking flower nectar.
Colias hecla
Hecla Sulphur, Northern Clouded Yellow
A small to medium-sized sulphur butterfly of the Pieridae family, restricted to high-latitude and high-altitude regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The species shows pronounced sexual dimorphism in wing pattern, with females displaying distinctive yellow 'windows' interrupting the black marginal band. First described from Greenland, where it occurs without congeners. Multiple subspecies are recognized across its fragmented Holarctic range.
Diacheila
Diacheila is a genus of ground beetles in the family Carabidae, subfamily Elaphrinae. The genus comprises at least four described species, including one extinct species. Members are distributed across Holarctic regions, with some species restricted to Central Asia. The genus is notable for its Arctic and Subarctic specialization, particularly the well-studied D. polita, which exhibits photoperiod-driven life cycle timing.
Erebia fasciata
banded alpine
Erebia fasciata, commonly known as the banded alpine, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae, subfamily Satyrinae. It is distributed across high-latitude regions of the Northern Hemisphere, ranging from central Siberia through Alaska, Yukon, and the Canadian Arctic to Hudson Bay, with additional populations on Banks Island and Victoria Island. The species exhibits a wingspan of 38–53 mm. Adults are active from May to late July depending on location, with larvae feeding on Carex species.
Erebia pawloskii
yellow-dotted alpine, Theano Alpine
Erebia pawloskii, known as the yellow-dotted alpine or Theano Alpine, is a small butterfly in the subfamily Satyrinae of family Nymphalidae. It occurs across a broad Holarctic distribution spanning northwestern North America and northern Asia. The species inhabits cold, wet environments including tundra and bog habitats. Adults fly during mid-summer, and larvae feed on sedges of the genus Carex.
Greya variabilis
Greya variabilis is a small moth in the family Prodoxidae, described by Davis & Pellmyr in 1992. It occurs across a broad geographic range spanning arctic Russia, Alaska, and the western coast of North America. The species inhabits contrasting environments: tundra in the northern part of its range and moist coniferous forests in the south.
Gynaephora rossii
Ross' tussock moth
Gynaephora rossii is a cold-adapted tussock moth distributed across the Holarctic tundra and alpine regions. The species is notable for its extended larval development period of 7–11 years and its ability to survive freezing temperatures. Adults are active during daylight hours in summer, with males actively searching for females while females are largely sedentary. The caterpillars feed primarily on Saxifraga species and certain willows.
Lasionycta caesia
Lasionycta caesia is a noctuid moth restricted to high-elevation alpine habitats in the Pacific Northwest. It was described in 2009 as part of a comprehensive revision of the genus Lasionycta. The species occurs exclusively in rocky alpine tundra near tree line in the Cascade Mountains of northern Washington and the British Columbia Coast Range, extending north to 58° latitude. Adults are active for a brief period from mid-July to mid-August.
Lasionycta luteola
Lasionycta luteola is a small noctuid moth with a wingspan of approximately 27 mm. It inhabits alpine tundra environments in northwestern North America, ranging from northern Washington and southwestern Alberta northward to southwestern Yukon. Adults are active from mid-July to mid-August and exhibit a distinctive activity pattern: while predominantly nocturnal, they also fly during daylight hours. The species has been observed feeding on nectar of Silene acaulis, a cushion-forming alpine plant.
Lasionycta phoca
Lasionycta phoca is a species of noctuid moth described by Möschler in 1864. It is endemic to eastern and central Canada, occurring from Labrador westward to the coast of Hudson Bay. Adults are active during June and July, exhibiting both diurnal and nocturnal flight patterns over tundra habitats. The species is attracted to light.
Metaxmeste nubicola
The Tundra Moth
Metaxmeste nubicola is a species of moth in the family Crambidae, first described by Eugene G. Munroe in 1954. It is known from high-elevation localities in western North America, specifically Colorado and Washington. The species is associated with arctic-alpine environments, reflected in its common name 'The Tundra Moth'. As a member of the subfamily Odontiinae, it belongs to a group of small to medium-sized crambid moths.
Metisotoma
Metisotoma is a genus of elongate-bodied springtails in the family Isotomidae. The genus includes at least four described species, with Metisotoma grandiceps recognized as the only veritable predator among springtails. Species occur primarily in Arctic, subarctic, and montane tundra habitats across the Holarctic region. The genus was established by Maynard in 1951.
Metisotoma grandiceps
Metisotoma grandiceps is a species of elongate-bodied springtail in the family Isotomidae. It is notable as the only confirmed predatory springtail known to science, a highly unusual trait for this group of typically detritivorous hexapods. The species has a Holarctic distribution, with confirmed records from the Taimyr Peninsula (type locality), Siberia, the Russian Far East, and additional records from North America and Japan. Recent taxonomic revision has redescribed the species based on new material and clarified its diagnostic characters.
Nemophora bellela
Nemophora bellela is a circumpolar micro-moth in the family Adelidae, notable as the only species of its genus in North America and the sole circumpolar member of Nemophora. Adults have a wingspan of 17–20 mm and are active in June and July in northern Europe. Later instar larvae are case-dwelling and feed on detritus on the ground in peat bog and tundra habitats.
Oeneis alpina
sentinel Arctic, Eskimo Arctic
Oeneis alpina is a butterfly in the subfamily Satyrinae, commonly known as the sentinel Arctic or Eskimo Arctic. The species has a wingspan of approximately 40 mm and exhibits sexual dimorphism in size and coloration. It occurs in a single annual generation during June and July, with males congregating on hilltops and rocky tundra features while females oviposit in wet boggy areas. The species is distinguished from its congener Oeneis chryxus by the number of hindwing eyespots.
Oeneis jutta
Jutta Arctic, Baltic grayling
Oeneis jutta, known as the Jutta Arctic or Baltic grayling, is a butterfly of the subfamily Satyrinae with a Circumboreal distribution spanning northern Eurasia and North America. The species inhabits cold, open environments including bogs and tundra. Larvae feed primarily on sedges and cottongrass, while adults nectar on Ledum palustre. The species exhibits a flexible life cycle with one generation every one to two years depending on location.
Oeneis melissa
Melissa Arctic
Oeneis melissa, the Melissa Arctic, is a Holarctic butterfly species in the family Nymphalidae. It inhabits cold, high-elevation and high-latitude environments including arctic tundra and alpine zones. The species exhibits a biennial or partially biennial life cycle adapted to short growing seasons. Multiple subspecies have been described across its range, including the endemic O. m. semidea in the White Mountains of New Hampshire.
Oreoneta
A genus of dwarf spiders (family Linyphiidae) established in 1894, comprising approximately 30 species distributed across cold-temperate and Arctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Most species inhabit high-latitude or high-altitude environments. The genus was revised extensively by Saaristo & Marusik in 2004, resulting in numerous new species descriptions.
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brevicornis
Woodland ground beetle
Pterostichus brevicornis is a circumpolar ground beetle in the family Carabidae, subgenus Cryobius. It is one of the most abundant and widespread tundra beetles, occurring across Arctic and Subarctic regions from Newfoundland to the Kola Peninsula and Arctic Ocean islands. The species exhibits high genetic and morphological variability across its range, with 23 documented COI haplotypes. It is cold-adapted with a two-year life cycle involving summer breeding and winter hibernation of both adults and larvae.
Pterostichus vermiculosus
Pterostichus vermiculosus is a ground beetle species in the family Carabidae with a Holarctic distribution spanning Europe, Northern Asia, and North America. In Russia, it has been documented in tundra habitats including lichen moss tundra, shrub tundra, and tundra lowlands. The species was described by Ménétriés in 1851.
Rhyacia quadrangula
Quadrangle Dart
Rhyacia quadrangula, commonly known as the Quadrangle Dart, is a noctuid moth with a transcontinental distribution spanning the Arctic and boreal regions of Eurasia and North America. The species exhibits a disjunct range, occurring in Iceland, Greenland, central Asia including the Pamir Mountains, and across northern Canada and the northwestern United States. Adults are active during late summer, with flight records from July through September.
Tetramesa
Tetramesa is a genus of minute phytophagous wasps in the family Eurytomidae comprising over 200 described species. Members are exclusively associated with grasses (Poaceae), where they typically induce stem or inflorescence galls. The genus exhibits pronounced host specificity, with most species restricted to a single grass species or closely related congeners. Several species have been deployed as biological control agents against invasive grasses, including T. romana for giant reed (Arundo donax) and candidate agents for medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae) and African lovegrass (Eragrostis curvula). Adults feed on nectar. Recent phylogenomic studies have synonymized the genera Aiolomorphus and Cathilaria within Tetramesa.
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arctica
Tullbergia arctica is a species of springtail (Collembola) in the family Tullbergiidae, described by Wahlgren in 1900. The species is distributed across Arctic and sub-Arctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere, including northern Eurasia and North America. As a member of the Poduromorpha, it belongs to a group of soil-dwelling hexapods adapted to cold environments.
Xestia maculata
Xestia maculata is a noctuid moth species recorded from western Canada and Montana in North America. It is associated with open alpine tundra habitats. The species was described by Smith in 1893 and was originally placed in the genus Agrotiphila. Information on this species is limited, with few documented observations.