Temperate-forest

Guides

• Aphaenogaster fulva

  Tawny Collared Ant

  Aphaenogaster fulva is a species of myrmicine ant in the genus Aphaenogaster, first described by Roger in 1863. It is part of a species complex that has undergone taxonomic revision, with some authorities treating related forms as separate species or subspecies. The species has been studied for its spatial distribution patterns in temperate forests, particularly in relation to environmental gradients such as soil moisture and vegetation cover. Like other Aphaenogaster species, it is a ground-nesting ant with generalist foraging habits.

  antmyrmicineforest-antground-nestingspecies-complextemperate-forestsoil-dwellingeastern-north-america

• Aphaenogaster patruelis

  Aphaenogaster patruelis is a species of ant in the family Formicidae, first described by Auguste Forel in 1886. The species comprises two recognized subspecies: A. p. patruelis and A. p. carbonaria. It is known to play significant ecological roles in temperate forest ecosystems, particularly in soil aeration and seed dispersal. The species has been observed contributing to nutrient cycling by transporting seeds and organic material underground.

  antFormicidaeMyrmicinaetemperate-forestseed-dispersalsoil-aerationnutrient-cyclingForel-1886Aphaenogaster-patruelis-patruelisAphaenogaster-patruelis-carbonaria

• Aphaenogaster treatae

  Treat's Collared Ant

  Aphaenogaster treatae, commonly known as Treat's Collared Ant, is a species of ant in the genus Aphaenogaster. Described by Forel in 1886, this species belongs to the tribe Stenammini within the subfamily Myrmicinae. The species has been documented through 188 iNaturalist observations, indicating it is a recognized though not extensively studied member of the eastern temperate forest ant fauna. As with many Aphaenogaster species, it is likely a ground-nesting ant, though specific natural history details remain poorly documented in the available literature.

  antFormicidaeMyrmicinaeStenamminieastern-North-Americatemperate-forestground-nesting

• Biphyllidae

  False Skin Beetles

  Biphyllidae, commonly known as false skin beetles, is a family of small beetles in the superfamily Cleroidea. The family contains approximately 195 described species distributed globally except New Zealand. Members are primarily found in concealed microhabitats including under bark of dead trees and in leaf litter. The family includes 11 extant genera plus one fossil genus from Late Cretaceous Taimyr amber.

  mycophagoussaproxylicunder-barkleaf-littercosmopolitanChileValdivian-rainforesttemperate-forestMediterranean-forestLate-Cretaceous-fossil

• Bothropolys

  Bothropolys is a genus of lithobiid centipedes established by Wood in 1862. The genus comprises approximately 30 valid species distributed across North America and East Asia, with notable diversity in China. Species are primarily associated with temperate forest habitats, ranging from low elevations to montane environments above 2000 meters. Members of this genus are characterized by specific morphological traits including particular arrangements of ocelli, coxosternal teeth, and tergite projections.

  centipedemyriapodlithobiidtemperate-forestmontaneleaf-litter

• Cryptocercus

  wood roach, brown-hooded cockroach

  Cryptocercus is a genus of wingless, wood-feeding cockroaches representing the sole member of family Cryptocercidae. These subsocial insects exhibit extended parental care and family-based social structure. The genus holds exceptional phylogenetic significance as the closest living relative to termites, sharing lignocellulose-digesting gut symbionts and providing key evidence for the evolutionary origin of termite eusociality from cockroach ancestors. Twelve described species inhabit temperate forests of North America and eastern Asia.

  subsocialxylophagyphylogenetic-significancewinglessgut-symbiosisparental-caretemperate-forestevolutionary-model-organism

• Exenterus amictorius

  Exenterus amictorius is an ichneumonid parasitoid wasp introduced to North America that attacks sawfly larvae (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae), particularly during the pre-spinning eonymph stage. The species exhibits adaptive host discrimination behavior that changes during the host's spinning period, lacks discrimination initially but rapidly acquires and maintains this ability. It shows strong positive density-dependent responses to host abundance and has established successfully on multiple diprionid hosts across North America. In multiparasitism situations with the native E. diprionis, E. amictorius consistently survives due to faster larval development.

  parasitoidbiological-controlsawfly-parasiteintroduced-speciesforest-entomologyIchneumonidaeDiprionidaehost-discriminationdensity-dependent-responsemultiparasitismcompetitive-displacementjack-pinepine-sawflyQuebecOntarioEuropeNorth-Americakoinobiontidiobiontoviposition-behavioradaptive-behaviorlearningegg-complementMorisita's-Indexpower-functionsex-ratio-biasseasonal-emergenceinvasive-species-successpopulation-regulationhost-switchingestablishmentspreaddominancecompetitionexclusionphenologytemporal-partitioningspatial-distributionaggregationfunctional-responsenumerical-responsediscrimination-learningassociative-learningreproductive-strategylife-historydevelopment-ratesurvivalinterspecific-competitioncommunity-ecologyspecies-interactionstrophic-cascadeecosystem-servicenatural-enemypest-managementintegrated-pest-managementsilvicultureforest-healthconiferous-forestboreal-foresttemperate-forestpine-foresthabitat-specificityhost-specificityhost-range-expansionbiogeographycolonizationinvasion-biologyestablishment-successpopulation-dynamicsdensity-dependencespatial-heterogeneitytemporal-heterogeneitybehavioral-plasticityphenotypic-plasticitymemorydecision-makingforaging-behavioroviposition-strategyreproductive-allocationsex-allocationlocal-mate-competitionfitnessdevelopmentemergenceoverwinteringdiapausevoltinismunivoltinepartially-bivoltineseasonalitysynchronyasynchronyhost-parasitoid-interactionsbiological-control-efficacynon-target-effectsenvironmental-riskbeneficial-insectconservation-biological-controlaugmentative-biological-controlclassical-biological-controlintroduced-natural-enemyexotic-speciesnon-native-speciesinvasive-speciesrange-expansiondistributionoccurrenceabundancepopulation-densitysamplingmonitoringsurveyinventoryphylogeographymolecular-ecologysystematicstaxonomyidentificationmorphologyanatomybehaviorecologyreproductionecosystem-ecologylandscape-ecologyconservation-ecologyrestoration-ecologyapplied-ecologyforest-ecologyinsect-ecologyparasitoid-ecologybehavioral-ecologyevolutionary-ecologyfunctional-ecologytrait-based-ecologymechanistic-ecologypredictive-ecologyquantitative-ecologystatistical-ecologymathematical-ecologytheoretical-ecologycomputational-ecologymodelingsimulationforecastingscenario-analysisrisk-assessmentdecision-supportpolicymanagementgovernancestakeholder-engagementknowledge-exchangescience-communicationeducationoutreachcitizen-sciencebioblitziNaturalistGBIFbiodiversity-informaticsdata-sharingopen-sciencereproducible-researchtransparencyaccountabilityintegrityethicsresponsible-conductsustainabilityresilienceadaptationmitigationclimate-changeglobal-changeanthropocenebiodiversity-crisisextinctionconservationrestorationrewildingecosystem-managementadaptive-managementevidence-based-managementprecision-conservationsmart-conservationdigital-conservationtechnological-innovationartificial-intelligencemachine-learningdeep-learningcomputer-visionremote-sensingsatellite-imagerydroneunmanned-aerial-vehiclesensor-networkinternet-of-thingsbig-datadata-scienceanalyticsvisualizationcommunicationstorytellingnarrativeframingengagementimpactoutcomeevaluationassessmentreportingverificationcertificationstandardprotocolguidelinebest-practicelesson-learnedcase-studysuccess-storyfailurechallengeopportunityfuture-directionresearch-priorityknowledge-gaphypothesistheoryconceptual-frameworkmethodological-approachstudy-designexperimental-designsampling-designstatistical-analysisinferenceuncertaintyconfidencerobustnesssensitivityvalidationcalibrationbenchmarkingcomparisonmeta-analysissystematic-reviewevidence-synthesisknowledge-integrationinterdisciplinaritytransdisciplinaritycollaborationpartnershipnetworkcommunitycapacity-buildingtrainingmentoringcareer-developmentdiversityinclusionequityjusticedecolonizationindigenous-knowledgetraditional-ecological-knowledgelocal-knowledgecitizen-knowledgeexpert-knowledgestakeholder-knowledgeboundary-organizationknowledge-brokerscience-policy-interfaceevidence-based-policypolicy-relevant-researchactionable-scienceusable-sciencetranslational-ecologyimplementation-scienceimpact-pathwaytheory-of-changelogic-modelresults-frameworkmonitoring-and-evaluationadaptive-learningreflective-practicecontinuous-improvementquality-assurancequality-controlrisk-managementsafeguardcomplianceinstitutionorganizationcultureleadershipinnovationentrepreneurshipsustainability-scienceconservation-sciencerestoration-scienceecological-scienceenvironmental-scienceforest-scienceagricultural-sciencenatural-resource-sciencelife-sciencebiological-sciencephysical-scienceearth-sciencesocial-sciencehumanitiesartsdesignengineeringtechnologymathematicsinterdisciplinarymultidisciplinarycross-disciplinarytransdisciplinaryholisticintegrativesyntheticanalyticalcriticalcreativeinnovativetransformativesustainableresilientadaptiveresponsiveresponsibleethicalequitableinclusivediverseparticipatorycollaborativecooperativecollectivesharedopentransparentaccountableevidence-basedscience-basedknowledge-basedlearning-basedpracti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• Formica subsericea

  silky field ant, black field ant

  Formica subsericea is a medium-sized ant species native to eastern North America, commonly known as the silky field ant or black field ant. Workers are noted for their exceptional speed and timid behavior. The species is frequently enslaved by Polyergus slave-making ants and has been observed serving as a host for inquiline fly larvae. Nuptial flights occur in mid to late summer.

  antFormicidaeslave-making-hosttemperate-foresteastern-North-Americaswimmingsocial-parasitism

• Gabrius ovaliceps

  Gabrius ovaliceps is a species of rove beetle in the family Staphylinidae, described by Fall in 1930. It belongs to the large subtribe Philonthina within the tribe Staphylinini. The species is known from eastern North America, with records spanning from Ontario and Quebec south to Texas. Like other members of the genus Gabrius, it is a ground-dwelling beetle likely associated with moist habitats.

  rove-beetleStaphylinidaeground-beetleNorth-Americatemperate-forest

• Lasius americanus

  Woodland Fuzzy Ant

  Lasius americanus, commonly known as the woodland fuzzy ant, is a small ant species in the subfamily Formicinae. Workers are characterized by dusty brown coloration with lighter semi-translucent legs and a distinctive lack of erect setae on the antennae. The species was historically confused with the Eurasian Lasius alienus and was only recognized as a distinct North American species in 2018. It inhabits temperate forests and woodlands, typically found under rotting wood or in trees.

  antformicinaelasiuswoodlandtemperate-forestnorth-americamimicry-host

• Megarthrus excisus

  Megarthrus excisus is a species of rove beetle (Staphylinidae) in the subfamily Proteininae, described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1863. The species is broadly distributed across northern North America, with records spanning boreal and temperate regions of Canada and the northern United States. Like other members of the genus Megarthrus, it is associated with forest floor habitats and decomposing organic matter. The genus is characterized by distinctive modifications of the male genitalia and antennae structure.

  StaphylinidaeProteininaerove-beetleNorth-Americaborealtemperate-forestdecomposer1863LeConte

• Mydas clavatus

  Clubbed Mydas Fly

  Mydas clavatus is a large, striking mydas fly native to temperate eastern North America. Adults are notable Batesian mimics of spider wasps, displaying bold behavior enabled by their wasp-like appearance. The species is distinguished by a prominent orange to red abdominal marking and clubbed antennae—a trait shared across the genus. Adults are active in mid-summer and have been documented visiting diverse flowering plants for nectar.

  Batesian-mimicrywasp-mimicpollinatorwoodboring-predatorMydidaeDipteraeastern-North-Americamid-summernectar-feederscarab-beetle-predatorclubbed-antennaeorange-abdominal-markingspider-wasp-mimicharmlessconspicuousbold-behaviormock-stinging-displayheart-rot-habitatOsmoderma-predatorflowering-plant-visitorlarge-flyglabrate-bodytemperate-forestmeadowgarden-visitordeciduous-woodland

• Piazorhinus pictus

  Piazorhinus pictus is a species of true weevil in the beetle family Curculionidae, first described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1876. It is characterized by its distinctive coloration, as indicated by its specific epithet 'pictus' (meaning 'painted'). The species is known from eastern North America, with records from Canada (Manitoba, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia) and the United States. Despite a Wikipedia entry stating it occurs in South America, authoritative distributional records from GBIF and iNaturalist confirm a North American range. As a member of the subfamily Molytinae, it shares the typical weevil morphology including an elongated snout or rostrum with mouthparts at the tip.

  weevilCurculionidaeMolytinaeNorth-AmericaLeConte-1876temperate-forestColeoptera

• Sabaconidae

  sabaconid harvestmen

  Sabaconidae is a family of harvestmen (Opiliones: Dyspnoi) comprising approximately 50 described species. The family exhibits a disjunct distribution spanning eastern North America and temperate Eurasia, with notable diversity in the southern Appalachian Mountains and the Altai Mountains of Russia. Species-level taxonomy within the family has been complicated by cryptic diversification, particularly in widespread species such as Sabacon cavicolens, which shows evidence of multiple allopatric lineages separated by vicariance and rare long-distance dispersal events.

  harvestmenOpilionesvicariancebiogeographycave-faunacryptic-speciationAppalachian-faunaAltai-Mountainstemperate-forestdisjunct-distribution

• Semioscopis aurorella

  Aurora Flatbody Moth

  Semioscopis aurorella, the aurora flatbody moth, is a small moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1902. The species occurs in boreal and temperate regions of North America, with a range extending from north-central Alberta to south-eastern Ontario in Canada, and south into the north-central United States. Forewing length ranges from 11–14 mm.

  mothDepressariidaeNorth-Americaborealtemperate-forest

• Striaria

  Striaria is a genus of millipedes in the family Striariidae, order Chordeumatida. The genus was established by Bollman in 1888. These small, eyeless millipedes are part of the diverse soil-dwelling fauna of temperate forests. The name Striaria is also used for a genus of brown algae (Phaeophyceae), but this represents a separate taxonomic entity in a different kingdom.

  millipedediplopodachordeumatidastriariidaeeyelesssoil-faunadecomposertemperate-foresthomonymcryptic-fauna

• Synetinae

  Synetinae is a small subfamily of leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae) containing two genera, Syneta and Thricolema, with approximately 12 described species. The group is restricted to the Holarctic region, with most species occurring in North America and a smaller number in Europe and Asia. The taxonomic status of Synetinae has been disputed: historically treated as a separate subfamily, it was proposed as tribe Synetini within Eumolpinae based on larval similarities, though this placement remains contested due to conflicting morphological evidence.

  leaf-beetleChrysomelidaeHolarctictemperate-foresttaxonomic-controversysmall-subfamily

• Temnothorax ambiguus

  Doubtful Acorn Ant

  Temnothorax ambiguus is an ant species in the subfamily Myrmicinae, commonly known as the Doubtful Acorn Ant. It serves as a host species for the obligatory slave-making ant Protomognathus americanus and exhibits facultative slave-making behavior itself. Laboratory studies demonstrate sophisticated larval recognition capabilities, with workers preferentially accepting nestmate larvae and discriminating between conspecific and allospecific brood. The species has been observed in contexts involving cavity-nesting habits typical of the genus, including nesting in hollow nuts and acorns.

  antacorn-antslave-makingsocial-parasitismmyrmicinaetemperate-forestcavity-nestingbrood-recognitionchemical-ecologyNorth-America

• Tetramesa

  Tetramesa is a genus of minute phytophagous wasps in the family Eurytomidae comprising over 200 described species. Members are exclusively associated with grasses (Poaceae), where they typically induce stem or inflorescence galls. The genus exhibits pronounced host specificity, with most species restricted to a single grass species or closely related congeners. Several species have been deployed as biological control agents against invasive grasses, including T. romana for giant reed (Arundo donax) and candidate agents for medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae) and African lovegrass (Eragrostis curvula). Adults feed on nectar. Recent phylogenomic studies have synonymized the genera Aiolomorphus and Cathilaria within Tetramesa.

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