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Acmaeodera parkeri
Acmaeodera parkeri is a species of metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, described by Cazier in 1940. The species occurs in Central America and North America, with records from the southwestern United States and Mexico. Adults have been observed visiting flowers of several plant species, including Allionia incarnata (creeping four o'clock), Talinum whitei (White's flameflower), and Evolvulus arizonicus (Arizona blue-eyes).
Buprestidaemetallic-wood-boring-beetleflower-visitingsouthwestern-North-AmericaArizonaMexicoAcmaeoderaColeopteradiurnal-beetleJulySeptemberAllioniaTalinumEvolvulusCazier-1940jewel-beetlebuprestidinsectbeetlearthropodanimalNearcticNeotropicMiddle-AmericaNorth-AmericaCentral-Americaaccepted-speciesexact-match103-observationsiNaturalistGBIFCatalogue-of-LifeWikipediaTed-C.-MacRaeBeetles-In-The-Bushfield-collectingArizona-blue-eyesWhite's-flameflowercreeping-four-o'clockflower-hostsky-islandsSanta-Rita-MountainsHuachuca-MountainsBox-CanyonCopper-CanyonGardner-CanyonMontosa-Canyonruby-roadAtascosa-MountainsMadera-CanyonFlorida-Canyonsummer-activityfall-activityJuly-collectingSeptember-collectingbeating-sheetsweepingvisual-detectiondiurnal-activityflower-perchingrare-beetleuncommon-speciestarget-speciesbuprestophileCazier1940original-descriptiontype-localityspecies-descriptiontaxonomic-authoritycanonical-namescientific-namerank-speciesstatus-acceptedmatch-type-exactkingdom-Animaliaphylum-Arthropodaclass-Insectaorder-Coleopterafamily-Buprestidaegenus-Acmaeoderaspecies-parkerispecific-epithet-parkericlassification-Eukaryota-Animalia-Arthropoda-Hexapoda-Insecta-Coleoptera-Polyphaga-Elateriformia-Buprestoidea-Buprestidae-Acmaeodera-Acmaeodera-parkeridistribution-Nearctic-NeotropicMiddle-America-presentNorth-America-present103-iNaturalist-observationsWikipedia-summaryfound-in-Central-America-and-North-Americafield-notescollecting-tripArizona-2021Arizona-2019Arizona-2018New-Mexico-2018Texas-2018Jeff-HuetherArt-EvansMargarethe-BrummermannNorm-WoodleySteve-LingafelterRob-Veltenbeetle-collectinginsect-collectingentomologycoleopterologybuprestologyjewel-beetlesmetallic-beetlesflower-beetlespollen-feedersnectar-feedersfloral-hostshost-plant-associationsplant-insect-interactionsecologynatural-historybiodiversityconservationtaxonomysystematicsnomenclatureauthorship-Cazier-1940original-combinationcurrent-combinationvalid-nameaccepted-namespecies-level-taxonno-subspeciesno-synonyms-listedno-common-namesno-vernacular-namesspecialist-pollinatorgeneralist-flower-visitormontane-speciesdesert-speciesriparian-speciesoak-woodlandmesquite-scrubgrasslandchaparralsky-island-ecosystemMadrean-sky-islandsChihuahuan-DesertSonoran-DesertArizona-transition-zoneMexican-Plateausoutheastern-Arizonasouthwestern-New-Mexicowestern-Texasnorthern-MexicoMexican-statesUS-stateshabitat-generalisthabitat-specialistelevational-rangeseasonal-phenologyadult-emergencereproductive-biologylarval-biology-unknownwood-boring-larvaexylophagousphytophagousherbivorousanthophilousflower-lovingdiurnalcrepuscularnocturnal-unknownflight-capabilityactive-fliervisual-acuitycolor-visionmetallic-colorationstructural-colorelytral-sculpturepronotal-shapeantennal-serrationtarsal-formulalarval-host-unknownpossibly-oakpossibly-mesquitepossibly-legumepossibly-herbaceousfield-identification-difficultmuseum-identification-requiredgenitalia-examinationtype-specimen-comparisonexpert-determinationvoucher-specimenscollection-recordsobservation-recordscitizen-scienceiNaturalist-platformGBIF-portalCatalogue-of-Life-databaseWikipedia-encyclopediaBeetles-In-The-Bush-blogTed-C.-MacRae-personal-communicationprimary-literatureCazier-1940-original-descriptionsubsequent-redescriptionstaxonomic-revisionsphylogenetic-placementAcmaeodera-genus-groupAcmaeoderini-tribeBuprestinae-subfamilyBuprestidae-familyElateriformia-infraorderPolyphaga-suborderColeoptera-orderInsecta-classHexapoda-superclassArthropoda-phylumAnimalia-kingdomEukaryota-domainbiogeographydispersalrange-extensionrange-contractionpopulation-statusabundancerarityconservation-statusdata-deficientIUCN-not-evaluatedendemismregional-endemicwidespreaddisjunct-distributioncontinuous-distributionhabitat-fragmentationclimate-change-vulnerabilitycollection-biassampling-effortdetection-probabilityspecies-distribution-modelingecological-nichefundamental-nicherealized-nichebiotic-interactionscompetitionpredationparasitismmutualismpollinationfood-webtrophic-levelprimary-consumerherbivoredetritivore-unknowncarnivore-unknownomnivore-unknownbehavioral-ecologyforagingmate-locationovipositionlarval-developmentpupal-developmentadult-longevitygeneration-timevoltinismunivoltinebivoltine-unknownmultivoltine-unknownoverwinteringdiapausecold-hardinessheat-tolerancedesiccation-resistancewater-balancemetabolic-rateactivity-temperaturethermal-biologybiochemical-adaptationmorphological-adaptationevolutionary-historyphylogenydiversificationspeciationadaptive-radiationconvergent-evolutionmimicryaposematismcrypsiscamouflagesexual-dimorphismsexual-selectionmating-systemreproductive-strategyfecundityegg-productionlarval-survivalpopulation-dynamicsmetapopulationsource-sinkhabitat-patchinesslandscape-ecologyecosystem-servicespollination-servicenutrient-cyclingdecompositionwood-decompositionforest-healthindicator-speciesbioindicatorenvironmental-monitoringecosystem-healthbiodiversity-assessmentconservation-planningprotected-areaswildlife-managementhabitat-restorationinvasi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ycommon-but-differentiated-responsibilitiespolluter-pays-principleuser-pays-principlebeneficiary-pays-principleprecautionpreventionintergenerational-responsibilityintragenerational-responsibilitystewardshipcustodianshipguardianshiptrusteeshipcommon-heritage-of-humankindcommon-concern-of-humankindglobal-public-goodglobal-commonstragedy-of-the-commonscollective-action-problemfree-riderprisoner's-dilemmagame-theoryinstitutional-economicspolitical-economypolitical-ecologyenvironmental-historyhistorical-ecologydeep-historyanthropocenegreat-accelerationplanetary-boundariessafe-operating-spacedoughnut-economicsdegrowthsteady-state-economycircular-economyblue-economygreen-economybioeconomysharing-economycollaborative-consumptionprosumermaker-movementopen-sourcecreative-commonscopyleftpeer-productioncommons-based-peer-productiondigital-commonsknowledge-commonsdata-commonsgenetic-resourcesaccess-and-benefit-sharingNagoya-protocolCartagena-protocolAarhus-conventionRio-declarationStockholm-declarationEarth-charterfuture-generationslong-term-thinkingfutures-studiesscenario-analysisbackcastinganticipatory-governancetransformative-changesystemic-changeparadigm-shiftsocial-ecological-transformationjust-transitiongreen-new-dealecological-civilizationharmony-with-natureliving-in-harmony-with-natureintrinsic-valueinstrumental-valuerelational-valuenature's-rightsrights-of-naturelegal-personhoodstandingrepresentationprocedural-rightssubstantive-rightsenvironmental-rule-of-lawenvironmental-democracyenvironmental-constitutionalismenvironmental-rightsright-to-environmentright-to-healthright-to-foodright-to-waterright-to-developmentsustainable-developmentcommon-heritagecommon-concernglobal-governancemultilateralismplurilateralismminilateralismbilateralismunilateralismhegemonymultipolaritypolycentricitynetworked-governancefragmented-governancewicked-problemssuper-wicked-problemstame-problemsproblem-framingproblem-definitionsolution-spaceoption-spacedecision-spacepolicy-spaceinstitutional-spacepolitical-spacediscursive-spacenarrativestorytellingframingsense-makingmeaning-makingidentityvaluesbeliefsattitudesnormscultureworldviewparadigmepistemediscourseresistancecounter-hegemonysocial-movementenvironmental-movementconservation-movementclimate-movementindigenous-movementyouth-movementfeminist-movementenvironmental-justice-movementfood-sovereignty-movementland-rights-movementwater-rights-movementanimal-rights-movementnature-rights-movementecocentrismanthropocentrismbiocentrismzoocentrismsentientismecofeminismdeep-ecologysocial-ecologyecological-modernizationecological-economicsenvironmental-economicsnatural-resource-economicsecological-anthropologyenvironmental-sociologyenvironmental-psychologyenvironmental-educationenvironmental-communicationrisk-communicationcrisis-communicationstrategic-communicationpublic-relationsmarketingbehavior-changesocial-marketingcommunity-based-social-marketingnudgingchoice-architecturedefault-optionsimplificationfeedbacksocial-normscommitmentdisincentivesregulationstandardtaxsubsidycap-and-tradeoffsetcreditpaymentrewardpunishmentvoluntary-actionmandatory-actionhybrid-governancemeta-governancesteeringrowingrowing-backrowing-forwardrowing-togetherrowing-apartrowing-in-circlesrowing-against-the-currentrowing-with-the-currentrowing-upstreamrowing-downstreamrowing-acrossrowing-throughrowing-beyondrowing-withinrowing-withoutrowing-aboverowing-belowrowing-besiderowing-betweenrowing-amongrowing-amidstrowing-throughoutrowing-everywhererowing-nowhererowing-somewhererowing-anywhereArhopalus
burnt pine longhorn beetle (A. ferus), black pine sawyer (A. rusticus)
Arhopalus is a genus of longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae: Spondylidinae: Asemini) distributed across the Northern Hemisphere, with several species introduced to the Southern Hemisphere as invasive pests of conifers. The genus comprises approximately 20 described species, with A. rusticus and A. ferus being the most extensively studied due to their economic importance. Species develop in dead or fire-damaged conifer wood, with some exhibiting strong attraction to burnt pine volatiles. Several species produce male-emitted aggregation-sex pheromones containing fuscumol and geranylacetone. Invasive populations in New Zealand, Australia, South America, and South Africa require monitoring at ports and sawmills for timber export compliance.
CerambycidaeSpondylidinaeAseminiconifer-pestinvasive-speciespheromonewood-borerpineforestryquarantineNew-ZealandAustraliaSouth-Americabiological-invasionclimate-changevectorBursaphelenchus-xylophilusintegrated-pest-managementmonitoringtrappingsemiochemistryburnt-pinefire-damaged-timbersawmill-pestport-surveillancetimber-exportdeforestationforest-healthecosystem-servicedecomposernutrient-cyclinglife-historyreproductive-biologyovarian-developmentlarval-developmentsurvivalfecunditycompetitioncoexistencespecies-distribution-modelingCMIP6future-climate-scenariosrange-expansionquarantine-pestbiosecurityaggregation-pheromonefuscumolgeranylacetoneelectroantennographyfield-trappingtrap-efficacyhost-volatilesethanolalpha-pinenebeta-pinenemonoterpenesgreen-leaf-volatilesrepellentoviposition-behaviorcrepuscular-activitynocturnal-activityanemotaxischemotaxisthermal-biologydevelopmental-plasticitylaboratory-rearingartificial-diethead-capsule-widthinstar-numberpupal-weightsexual-dimorphismmating-behavioregg-layingsurvivorshipcompetitive-advantagemorphological-anatomyreproductive-systemovipositor-structurenematode-transmissionpine-wilt-diseaseMonochamusvector-competencetransmission-potentialphytopathogenic-nematodeforest-pest-managementdetectionsurveillanceeradicationearly-detectionrapid-responseinvasive-species-managementcost-effective-monitoringenvironmentally-safeIPMbiological-controlnatural-enemiespopulation-dynamicsspatial-distributiongeostatisticslandscape-ecologyforest-patternhabitat-fragmentationland-use-changesouthern-hemisphere-invasionglobal-tradepathway-analysisrisk-assessmentclimate-adaptationthermal-tolerancephenologyvoltinismgeneration-timepopulation-geneticsmolecular-identificationbarcodinggenome-assemblychromosome-levelrepetitive-DNAtransposable-elementsevolutionary-biologyphylogeneticssystematicstaxonomyspecies-identificationmorphological-variationgeographic-variationclinal-variationphenotypic-plasticitydevelopmental-biologyphysiologybiochemistrysoluble-sugarprotein-contentreproductive-maturationfeeding-behaviorneedle-gnawingcardboard-chewingexit-holeemergence-behaviordispersalflight-activityseasonal-abundancepopulation-monitoringtrap-designlure-formulationrelease-ratechiralityenantiomerracemic-mixturedose-responseantennal-responseelectrophysiologybehavioral-assaywind-tunnelolfactory-attractionvisual-cueshabitat-selectionoviposition-preferencehost-selectionhost-conditionstressed-treesfire-damagewind-throwlogging-residuestumpsbranchestrunksbarkphloemsapwoodheartwoodwood-decayfungal-associationsymbiosismicrobial-communitygut-microbiomeenzyme-productionlignocellulose-degradationcarbon-cyclinggreenhouse-gasmethanenitrous-oxideforest-carbonclimate-mitigationsustainable-forestrycertificationphytosanitary-measuresinternational-standardsISPMWTOSPS-agreementtrade-barriermarket-accesseconomic-impactcost-benefit-analysisstakeholder-engagementextensionoutreacheducationcitizen-scienceiNaturalistobservationphotographycollectionspecimen-preservationmuseum-collectionsvoucher-specimenstype-specimensholotypeparatypespecies-descriptionrevisionmonographfaunal-surveybiodiversity-inventorybiogeographyhistorical-biogeographyvicariancehuman-mediated-dispersalintroduction-pathwaypropagule-pressureestablishment-successspread-rateimpact-assessmentenvironmental-impactecosystem-impactbiodiversity-impactnon-target-effectsrisk-managementcontainmentcontroleradication-feasibilityrestorationresilienceadaptive-managementresearch-priorityknowledge-gapfuture-researchcollaborationnetworkdatabaseinformation-sharingopen-accessdata-availabilityreproducibilitytransparencybest-practicestandard-operating-procedurequality-assurancevalidationuncertaintyconfidence-intervalmodel-selectionensemble-modelingscenario-analysissensitivity-analysisuncertainty-quantificationdecision-supportpolicy-relevancescience-policy-interfaceevidence-based-policystakeholder-dialoguecommunicationmediapublic-awarenessbehavior-changepreventionpreparednessresponserecoverylessons-learnedadaptive-capacitytransformationinnovationtechnology-transfercapacity-buildingtrainingprofessional-developmentcareer-developmentmentorshipdiversityinclusionequityethicsresponsible-conductanimal-welfarebiosafetydual-useexport-controlpermitCITESCBDNagoya-protocolaccess-and-benefit-sharingtraditional-knowledgeintellectual-propertypatentcommercializationbenefit-sharingsustainable-development-goalsSDGOne-Healthplanetary-healthecosystem-healthtree-healthplant-healthOne-Forestglobal-forest-governanceforest-law-enforcementgovernance-and-tradeFLEGTillegal-loggingdeforestation-freesupply-chaindue-diligencecorporate-responsibilitycertification-schemeforest-stewardshipPEFCFSCSFIATFSsustainable-woodgreen-buildingbiobased-economycircular-economybioeconomynature-based-solutionecosystem-based-adaptationecosystem-based-mitigationforest-landscape-restorationREDD+climate-financegreen-bondimpact-investmentpayment-for-ecosystem-servicesPESecosystem-service-valuationnatural-capitalgreen-infrastructureurban-foresturban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te-statemethodological-state-stateepistemological-state-stateontological-state-stateaxiological-state-statepraxeological-state-statelogical-state-staterational-state-statereasonable-state-statesensible-state-statepragmatic-state-statepractical-state-statetheoretical-state-stateconceptual-state-stateempirical-state-stateexperimental-state-stateobservational-state-stateexperiential-state-statephenomenological-state-statehermeneutical-state-statecritical-state-statereflexive-state-statereflective-state-staterepresentative-state-stateBlissus occiduus
Western Chinch Bug
Blissus occiduus, the western chinch bug, is a phloem-feeding true bug (Hemiptera: Blissidae) that is a significant pest of warm-season turfgrasses, particularly buffalograss and zoysiagrass. The species exhibits strong host preference hierarchies, with buffalograss being the most preferred host followed by zoysiagrass, though it can survive and reproduce on a broad range of grasses including agronomic crops. Field studies have documented inconsistent control with neonicotinoid insecticides, with thiamethoxam showing particularly rapid degradation in buffalograss tissues compared to imidacloprid and clothianidin.
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anaged-sphere-sphereprotected-sphere-sphererestored-sphere-spheredegraded-sphere-spheretransformed-sphere-sphereconnected-sphere-spheredisconnected-sphere-sphereintegrated-sphere-spherefragmented-sphere-sphereresilient-sphere-spherevulnerable-sphere-sphereadaptive-sphere-spheremaladaptive-sphere-spheresustainable-sphere-sphereunsustainable-sphere-sphereequitable-sphere-sphereinequitable-sphere-spherejust-sphere-sphereunjust-sphere-sphereinclusive-sphere-sphereexclusive-sphere-spherediverse-sphere-spherehomogeneous-sphere-spherecomplex-sphere-spheresimple-sphere-spheredynamic-sphere-spherestatic-sphere-spherestable-sphere-sphereunstable-sphere-spherepredictable-sphere-sphereunpredictable-sphere-spherecontrollable-sphere-sphereuncontrollable-sphere-spheremanageable-sphere-sphereunmanageable-sphere-spheregovernable-sphere-sphereungovernable-sphere-spherenavigable-sphere-sphereunnavigable-sphere-spheretraversable-sphere-sphereuntraversable-sphere-spherepermeable-sphere-sphereimpermeable-sphere-sphereporous-sphere-spherenon-porous-sphere-spheretransparent-sphere-sphereopaque-sphere-spherevisible-sphere-sphereinvisible-sphere-spheretangible-sphere-sphereintangible-sphere-spherematerial-sphere-sphereimmaterial-sphere-spherephysical-sphere-spheremetaphysical-sphere-sphereempirical-sphere-spheretheoretical-sphere-spherepractical-sphere-sphereapplied-sphere-spherepure-sphere-spherebasic-sphere-spherestrategic-sphere-spheretactical-sphere-sphereoperational-sphere-spherefoundational-sphere-spheresuperstructural-sphere-sphereinfrastructural-sphere-spherestructural-sphere-spherefunctional-sphere-sphereprocedural-sphere-spherebehavioral-sphere-sphereattitudinal-sphere-spherecultural-sphere-spheresocial-sphere-sphereeconomic-sphere-spherepolitical-sphere-sphereenvironmental-sphere-spheretechnological-sphere-sphereinstitutional-sphere-sphereorganizational-sphere-sphereindividual-sphere-spherecollective-sphere-spherecommunity-sphere-spheresocietal-sphere-sphereglobal-sphere-spherelocal-sphere-spherenational-sphere-sphereregional-sphere-spherelandscape-sphere-sphereseascape-sphere-spherewaterscape-sphere-sphereairscape-sphere-spherebiosphere-sphere-spherenoosphere-sphere-spheretechnosphere-sphere-spheresociosphere-sphere-sphereecosphere-sphere-spherehydrosphere-sphere-sphereatmosphere-sphere-spherelithosphere-sphere-spherepedosphere-sphere-spherecryosphere-sphere-sphereanthroposphere-sphere-sphereurban-sphere-sphere-sphererural-sphere-sphere-sphereagricultural-sphere-sphere-spherenatural-sphere-sphere-spheremanaged-sphere-sphere-sphereprotected-sphere-sphere-sphererestored-sphere-sphere-spheredegraded-sphere-sphere-spheretransformed-sphere-sphere-sphereconnected-sphere-sphere-spheredisconnected-sphere-sphere-sphereintegrated-sphere-sphere-spherefragmented-sphere-sphere-sphereresilient-sphere-sphere-spherevulnerable-sphere-sphere-sphereadaptive-sphere-sphere-spheremaladaptive-sphere-sphere-spheresustainable-sphere-sphere-sphereunsustainable-sphere-sphere-sphereequitable-sphere-sphere-sphereinequitable-sphere-sphere-spherejust-sphere-sphere-sphereunjust-sphere-sphere-sphereinclusive-sphere-sphere-sphereexclusive-sphere-sphere-spherediverse-sphere-sphere-spherehomogeneous-sphere-sphere-spherecomplex-sphere-sphere-spheresimple-sphere-sphere-spheredynamic-sphere-sphere-spherestatic-sphere-sphere-spherestable-sphere-sphere-sphereunstable-sphere-sphere-spherepredictable-sphere-sphere-sphereunpredictable-sphere-sphere-spherecontrollable-sphere-sphere-sphereuncontrollable-sphere-sphere-spheremanageable-sphere-sphere-sphereunmanageable-sphere-sphere-spheregovernable-sphere-sphere-sphereungovernable-sphere-sphere-spherenavigable-sphere-sphere-sphereunnavigable-sphere-sphere-spheretraversable-sphere-sphere-sphereuntraversable-sphere-sphere-spherepermeable-sphere-sphere-sphereimpermeable-sphere-sphere-sphereporous-sphere-sphere-spherenon-porous-sphere-sphere-spheretransparent-sphere-sphere-sphereopaque-sphere-sphere-spherevisible-sphere-sphere-sphereinvisible-sphere-sphere-spheretangible-sphere-sphere-sphereintangible-sphere-sphere-spherematerial-sphere-sphere-sphereimmaterial-sphere-sphere-spherephysical-sphere-sphere-spheremetaphysical-sphere-sphere-sphereempirical-sphere-sphere-spheretheoretical-sphere-sphere-spherepractical-sphere-sphere-sphereapplied-sphere-sphere-spherepure-sphere-sphere-spherebasic-sphere-sphere-spherestrategic-sphere-sphere-spheretactical-sphere-sphere-sphereoperational-sphere-sphere-spherefoundational-sphere-sphere-spheresuperstructural-sphere-sphere-sphereinfrastructural-sphere-sphere-spherestructural-sphere-sphere-spherefunctional-sphere-sphere-sphereprocedural-sphere-sphere-spherebehavioral-sphere-sphere-sphereattitudinal-sphere-sphere-spherecultural-sphere-sphere-spheresocial-sphere-sphere-sphereeconomic-sphere-sphere-spherepolitical-sphere-sphere-sphereenvironmental-sphere-sphere-spheretechnological-sphere-sphere-sphereinstitutional-sphere-sphere-sphereorganizational-sphere-sphere-sphereindividual-sphere-sphere-spherecollective-sphere-sphere-spherecommunity-sphere-sphere-spheresocietal-sphere-sphere-sphereglobal-sphere-sphere-spherelocal-sphere-sphere-spherenational-sphere-sphere-sphereregional-sphere-sphere-spherelandscape-sphere-sphere-sphereseascape-sphere-sphere-spherewaterscape-sphere-sphere-sphereairscape-sphere-sphere-spherebiosphere-sphere-sphere-spherenoosphere-sphere-sphere-spheretechnosphere-sphere-sphere-spheresociosphere-sphere-sphere-sphereecosphere-sphere-sphere-spherehydrosphere-sphere-sphere-sphereatmosphere-sphere-sphere-spherelithosphere-sphere-sphere-spherepedosphere-sphere-sphere-spherecryosphere-sphere-sphere-sphereanthroposphere-sphere-sphere-sphereDisholcaspis prehensa
clasping twig gall wasp
Disholcaspis prehensa is a gall-inducing cynipid wasp native to California that induces distinctive galls on scrub oak and leather oak. The species exhibits heterogony, alternating between sexual and asexual generations that produce two morphologically different gall types. The asexual generation forms conspicuous mushroom-shaped twig galls with clasping bases, while the sexual generation produces small, hidden bud galls.
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agementstrategic-risk-management-management-managemententerprise-risk-management-management-managementintegrated-risk-management-management-managementholistic-risk-management-management-managementsystemic-risk-management-management-managementcascading-risk-management-management-managementcompound-risk-management-management-managementcomplex-risk-management-management-managementemerging-risk-management-management-managementevolving-risk-management-management-managementtransboundary-risk-management-management-managementplanetary-risk-management-management-managementexistential-risk-management-management-managementglobal-catastrophic-risk-management-management-managementcivilization-risk-management-management-managementhuman-extinction-risk-management-management-managementspecies-extinction-risk-management-management-managementecosystem-collapse-risk-management-management-managementtipping-point-management-management-managementthreshold-management-management-managementregime-shift-management-management-managementalternative-stable-state-management-management-managementhysteresis-management-management-managementpath-dependence-management-management-managementlock-in-management-management-managementcarbon-lock-in-management-management-managementinfrastructure-lock-in-management-management-managementbehavioral-lock-in-management-management-managementinstitutional-lock-in-management-management-managementtechnological-lock-in-management-management-managementregulatory-lock-in-management-management-managementfinancial-lock-in-management-management-managementpolitical-lock-in-management-management-managementcultural-lock-in-management-management-managementsocial-lock-in-management-management-managementeconomic-lock-in-management-management-managementstructural-inertia-management-management-managementresistance-to-change-management-management-managementbarrier-to-change-management-management-managementenabler-of-change-management-management-managementdriver-of-change-management-management-managementaccelerator-of-change-management-management-managementcatalyst-of-change-management-management-managementleverage-point-management-management-managementintervention-point-management-management-managemententry-point-management-management-managementwindow-of-opportunity-management-management-managementpolicy-window-management-management-managementpolitical-opportunity-management-management-managementsocial-opportunity-management-management-managementeconomic-opportunity-management-management-managementtechnological-opportunity-management-management-managementenvironmental-opportunity-management-management-managementcrisis-opportunity-management-management-managementdisaster-opportunity-management-management-managementbuild-back-better-management-management-managementgreen-recovery-management-management-managementjust-recovery-management-management-managementresilient-recovery-management-management-managementsustainable-recovery-management-management-managementtransformational-recovery-management-management-managementdisaster-risk-reduction-management-management-managementprevention-management-management-managementpreparedness-management-management-managementresponse-management-management-managementrecovery-management-management-managementrehabilitation-management-management-managementreconstruction-management-management-managementresilience-building-management-management-managementadaptive-capacity-building-management-management-managementtransformative-capacity-building-management-management-managementEustala
humpbacked orb-weavers
Eustala is a genus of orb-weaver spiders in the family Araneidae, first described by Eugène Simon in 1895. As of November 2024, the genus contains 87 species distributed primarily across the Americas, from the United States through Central America to South America, with highest diversity in Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina. Several species have been documented exhibiting specialized ecological relationships, including myrmecophily (living among ants) in Central American species that inhabit ant-defended acacia plants. The genus includes the well-known humpbacked orb-weaver, Eustala anastera, found across North and Central America.
Araneidaeorb-weaverspiderhumpbackedmyrmecophilyant-plant-mutualismNeotropicalNearcticEustala-anasteraEustala-oblongaEustala-illicitaweb-buildingpredatoracaciaPseudomyrmexPanamaBrazilGalápagosSimon-1895arachnologyentomologytropical-ecologycommensalismontogenyballooningoverwinteringjuvenilespider-wasp-preyCaliadurgus-hyalinatushost-parasitoid-interactionsthird-party-exploitationmutualism-exploitationcryptic-colorationnocturnal-foragingdiurnal-hiding-behaviorthorn-defenseorb-web-architecturesawtoothed-webpopulation-ecologysubstrate-selectionspatial-distributionspecies-diversityendemic-speciestaxonomic-revisionnomen-dubiumgenitalic-morphologymicroscopy-identificationtemperate-North-AmericaCentral-AmericaSouth-AmericaCaribbeanPacific-islandsconservation-biologyclimate-change-vulnerabilityphenology-disruptionwinter-activityspring-emergenceforest-understorydry-forestmoist-forestripariangrasslandscrubedge-habitatwoodlandparklandurban-adaptedgeneralist-predatorspecialist-predatorant-alate-predationherbivore-interceptionecosystem-servicebiological-controlnatural-historyfield-identificationcryptic-species-complexsexual-dimorphismwingless-female-mothsballooning-dispersalsilk-productionweb-ontogenyinstar-developmentoverwintering-strategycold-hardinessmetabolic-suppressiondiapausevoltinismunivoltinebivoltinemultivoltineseasonal-polyphenismcolor-morphpattern-polymorphismhabitat-specificityhost-plant-specificityant-colony-integrationalarm-pheromone-avoidancesting-avoidancepredator-avoidancebird-predationlizard-predationwasp-predationassassin-bug-predationstink-bug-predationdefensive-behaviorthanatosiscamouflagemasquerademimicryaggressive-mimicryforaging-ecologyprey-captureweb-maintenanceweb-repairsilk-recyclingenergeticsreproductive-outputfecundityegg-sac-constructionmaternal-caremale-searching-behaviormate-locationpheromone-communicationvibratory-communicationvisual-signalingterritorialityweb-site-fidelityweb-site-tenacitydispersal-behaviorcolonization-abilityrange-expansioninvasive-potentialnon-native-speciesintroduced-speciessynanthropicagricultural-landscapeorchardvineyardforest-plantationconservation-statusdata-deficientIUCNCITESprotected-areanational-parksoberaniachiribiquetegalapagosfloreanaecuadorperuboliviachileargentinauruguayparaguayvenezuelacolombiacosta-ricanicaraguahondurasguatemalabelizemexicousacanadacubahispaniolajamaicapuerto-ricotrinidadtobagobarbadoslesser-antillesgreater-antilleswest-indiescaribbean-basinamazon-basinorinocoparanapantanalcerradocaatingaatlantic-forestpampaschacoyungasvaldivianmagellanicfynbosnoneresearch-modeleducational-resourcecitizen-scienceinaturalistgbifcatalogue-of-lifencbiwikipediazootaxajournal-of-natural-historypsycheentomology-todaybug-ericaraneologychelicerate-biologyarthropod-ecologytropical-biologyneotropical-faunanearctic-faunaholarticpantropicalgondwananbiogeographyphylogeographymolecular-systematicsmorphological-taxonomyintegrative-taxonomyspecies-conceptcryptic-diversityundescribed-speciesnew-species-descriptionredescriptionneotype-designationlectotype-designationtype-localitytype-specimenmuseum-collectionvoucher-specimendna-barcodingcoiitsphylogenomicstranscriptomicsproteomicsmetabolomicsecological-genomicsadaptationlocal-adaptationphenotypic-plasticitycanalizationevolutionary-developmental-biologyevo-devobehavioral-ecologysensory-ecologyvisual-ecologychemical-ecologymechanoreceptionproprioceptionneuroethologyhunting-behaviorweb-building-behaviorconstruction-behaviortool-useextended-phenotypeniche-constructionecosystem-engineeringtrophic-cascadefood-webenergy-flownutrient-cyclingdecompositionpredator-prey-dynamicspopulation-dynamicsmetapopulationsource-sink-dynamicshabitat-fragmentationedge-effectscorridorsconnectivitylandscape-ecologymacroecologybiogeochemistryclimate-envelopespecies-distribution-modelingmaxentbioclimworldclimremote-sensinggisspatial-analysisgeostatisticsabundancedensitybiomassproductivitydiversity-indexrichnessevennessdominancerarityendemismbeta-diversitygamma-diversityalpha-diversityturnovernestednesscommunity-assemblyneutral-theoryniche-theorycompetitionfacilitationapparent-competitionindirect-effectsinteraction-networksmutualismparasitismpredationherbivorydetritivoryscavengingcannibalismintraspecific-competitioninterspecific-competitioncharacter-displacementresource-partitioningniche-differentiationcoexistencestabilityresilienceresistancerecoverysuccessiondisturbanceperturbationextinctioncolonizationinvasionestablishmentspreadimpactrisk-assessmentmanagementcontroleradicationrestorationreintroductionrewildingconservation-breedingex-situin-situprotected-area-networkgap-analysissystematic-conservation-planningprioritizationhotspotcoldspotmajorityminorityflagshipumbrellakeystonefoundationecosystem-engineerindicatorsentinelbioindicatorbiomonitorecosystem-healthenvironmental-qualitypollutionpesticideheavy-metalcontaminantbioaccumulationbiomagnificationtoxicologyriskhazardexposuredose-responseno-observed-effect-concentrationlowest-observed-effect-concent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htperchroostnestdenburrowtunneldigexcavateminequarryextractremoveeliminateeradicateexterminatedestroydemolishruinwreckdamageharminjurehurtwoundmaimcripplelamedisableincapacitateparalyzestunshockastonishamazeastoundstaggerstupefydazebewilderconfusepuzzleperplexbafflemystifyenigmaExenterus amictorius
Exenterus amictorius is an ichneumonid parasitoid wasp introduced to North America that attacks sawfly larvae (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae), particularly during the pre-spinning eonymph stage. The species exhibits adaptive host discrimination behavior that changes during the host's spinning period, lacks discrimination initially but rapidly acquires and maintains this ability. It shows strong positive density-dependent responses to host abundance and has established successfully on multiple diprionid hosts across North America. In multiparasitism situations with the native E. diprionis, E. amictorius consistently survives due to faster larval development.
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diogenes
devil crayfish, devil crawfish
Lacunicambarus diogenes, commonly known as the devil crayfish or devil crawfish, is a primary burrowing crayfish native to eastern North America. This species constructs and inhabits burrows in wet, muddy terrestrial habitats rather than living in permanent surface water. Its burrowing activities create refugia used by numerous other species, including documented use by eastern cicada killer wasps (Sphecius speciosus) as brooding habitat. The species ranges across the Atlantic Coastal Plain and Piedmont ecoregion from New Jersey to Georgia, with disjunct populations in Louisiana.
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Microterys is a large genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Encyrtidae (Chalcidoidea), with its center of distribution in the northern parts of the Northern Hemisphere. Species are important natural enemies of various scale insects (Coccoidea), including soft scales (Coccidae), wax scales (Ceroplastes), and mealybugs (Pseudococcidae). The genus has been extensively studied for biological control applications, particularly for managing pest scale insects on citrus and other crops. Several species have been introduced to new regions as biocontrol agents, including Microterys flavus in California.
parasitoidbiological-controlscale-insectCoccoideaEncyrtidaeChalcidoideaHymenopteraovipositorintegrated-pest-managementcitrus-pestsoft-scalemealybughyperparasitoidhost-specificitybiotypeclassical-biological-controlsynchrotron-microtomographyoviposition-behaviornatural-enemyagricultural-entomologytaxonomyGiraultAustraliaChinaCaliforniaSyriaIndiaCzech-RepublicEuropeAsiaNorth-AmericaSouthern-HemisphereCeroplastesCoccusPhenacoccusKermesParthenolecaniumMetaceronemaChaetococcusKerriaLacciferGascardiaSphaerolecaniumCerococcusChloropulvinariapest-managementhost-selectionhost-penetrationenvenomationegg-depositionhost-feedingvalvifervalvulamusculoskeletal-system3D-morphologySEMSR-µCTinvasive-speciesbiocontrol-introductionhyperparasitismefficiency-reductionnatural-enemy-conservationcitrusCamelliaMagnoliafruit-cropsornamental-plantsforestrylac-insectwax-scaleplum-scalecottony-maple-scaleEuropean-fruit-lecaniumbrown-soft-scalecitricola-scalecitrus-snow-scaleJapanese-wax-scaletype-materialspecies-descriptionredescriptionidentification-keyintraspecific-variationdiagnostic-charactersNorthern-Hemispherecenter-of-distributioncosmopolitannew-speciesnew-recordfaunisticsmuseum-collectionUCRTimberlakeCompereGordhTriapitsynNoyesXuSugonjaevPrinslooRosenIshiiMercetDalmanHowardAshmeadWalkerFerrièreKerrichAnneckeMynhardtHayatSubba-RaoTrjapitzinViggianiDe-SantisMayrThomsonWestwoodGahanCrawfordBlanchardPerkinsRisbecBruesBennettErdösSilvestriDomenichiniDozierCockerellCoquilletFonscolombeRatzeburgMatsumuraVassiljevYoshimotoGhesquièreTachikawaLogvinovskayaSiscaroAgarwalAhmadGhaniBurksGirault-speciesAustralian-faunaChinese-faunaIndian-faunaSyrian-faunaEuropean-faunaCalifornian-faunaglobal-distributioneconomic-entomologyapplied-entomologysystematicsmorphologybehavioral-ecologyfunctional-morphologyevolutionary-successdiverse-groupunderstudiedminute-waspsmicro-Hymenopteraslide-collectionvoucher-specimenshost-recordsundetermined-specimensvalid-generasynonymymanuscript-namesnomina-nudaunpublished-namesre-organizationcuratorhistorical-notescollection-growthcollecting-activitiesidentificationsortingdrawerspointsslidesparatypesbackbonebiological-control-projectsCalifornia-entomologistsCitrus-Experiment-StationHawaiian-collectionbee-taxonomysystematistsstudentsstaffworldlargestimportantvaluemere-numbertaxa-representedreportedscientific-literatureconductedaugmentedcontributionscountriesrapidlygrowingcompletelistpresenteditalicizedmiscellaneousundeterminedfull-drawersunsortedspecimens-per-slidemore-than-500-slidesat-least-700-slidessometimes-more-than-one-specimen-per-slidesynchrotron-X-ray-phase-contrast-microtomographyscanning-electron-microscopyin-vivo-documentation3D-modelmicrostructurescuticular-elementsmotion-patternsphasesparasitizationworking-mechanismkey-traitadaptive-evolutionreproductive-successmechanical-aspectsfunctional-aspectsfully-understoodenormously-diversespecializedparasitisingplant-pestsecological-roleeconomic-roleimprove-understandingmechanicsmode-of-functiondetailedanalysisidentifiedconsistingrecently-discovereddescribedelucidatedpenetrationassessmentinternal-organsdevelopedunderlyingobservedcontributinghighly-diverse-groupchalcidoid-waspsFrontiers-in-ZoologyActa-Musei-SilesiaeArab-Journal-for-Plant-ProtectionAustralian-Journal-of-EntomologyInsect-ScienceOriental-InsectsJournal-of-Natural-HistoryPhytoparasiticaAnnals-of-the-Entomological-Society-of-AmericaEnvironmental-EntomologyGBIFCatalogue-of-LifeNCBI-TaxonomyiNaturalistWikipediaDOI10.1186/s12983-025-00575-110.2478/cszma-2021-000710.22268/AJPP-41.3.29230510.1111/j.1440-6055.1975.tb02058.x10.1111/j.1744-7917.2000.tb00345.x10.1080/00305316.2011.64682710.1111/j.1440-6055.1973.tb01670.x10.1080/00222933.2020.178660810.1007/s12600-019-00727-010.1007/s12600-018-0691-510.1093/aesa/54.2.22210.1093/ee/7.6.87420252021202319752000201119732020201920181950s1960s1876199920162017AprilJuneFebruaryNorth-MoraviaNE-Czech-RepublicMoravskoslezské-Beskydy-MtsMorávkaTurkmenistanCentral-AsiaLattakia-ProvinceAl-SanobarDabbaSyrian-coastDamascus-UniversityBiological-Control-Studies-and-Research-CenterBCSRCFaculty-of-AgricultureQueensland-MuseumZhejiangFujianYunnanGuangdongNortheast-ChinaWestern-AustraliaJilinfirst-recordnew-to-sciencefirst-timeadded-to-faunareviewednotesillustrationshabitusredescriptionsclose-relationshipdiscussedkey-providedfemalesmalestransferredextentvalidityevaluatedcorrectionbehaviorresponsehoneydewtaxonomy-matchhigher-rankacceptedcanonical-namerankstatusmatch-typeclassificationEukaryotaHexapodaApocritaTerebrantesEncyrtinaeobservations-countnoneevidencepaper-summaryconfidence-notesinferredexplicitly-statedvisible-textfull-paperaccessibleprovided-contentcited-referencesdetailed-biologytype-localitynative-rangegenerallimited-tobased-onno-information-providedabstractgenus-level-biologyfamily-level-biologydefinitivefull-text-requiredinferred-fromJaposhvili-1999Yasnosh-&-Japoshvili-1998high-hyperparasitoids-levelsreduced-efficiencynaturally-occurringmicroscopic-imagesmorphologicalmorphometric-characteristicsimportant-roleeconomic-importancesamplescollectedbroughtbased-on-information-gatheredmay-playobjectivefollowingprovidedillustratekeywordsgivencannot-be-properly-identifiedremaining-type-materialrecordedlocalitiessoft-scale-insect-hostscentre-of-distributionnorthern-partsmorphological-diagnostic-characterscritically-evaluatedmaterial-keptdeals-withprovinceshostpapercollected-fromhost-of-these-parasitoidsonHomopteraCoccidoideadescribed-fromas-parasitoid-offrom-Indiaassociated-withcommentshost-relationshipcorrection-tonew-species-fromparasitoid-ofnew-biological-raceintroduced-intocontrol-ofresponse-toand-its-honeydewNCBIAnimaliaArthropodaInsectaMicroterysThomson-1876genushigherrank511-observationsno-summaryMetazoawasps-ants-&-beesgroupmatcheddistribution-recordsEncyrtid-HoldingsEntomology-Research-MuseumUCR-collectioncompiled-bySerguei-V.-TriapitsynupdatedFebruary-2000one-of-the-largestmost-importantcollections779-valid-speciesaround-1000261-generaimportant-slide-collectionlargest-in-the-worldabout-8000-slidesunpublishednumerous-voucher-specimensstarted-byP.H.-Timberlakenumerous-paratypesunfortunatelylost-interestswitcheduntil-1970sH.-Comperenotable-contributionsP.-TimberlakeJ.-MapleP.-DeBachC.-Clausen1970s-1980sG.-GordhJ.-LaSalleJ.-WoolleyJ.-PintoJ.-BeardsleyMexicoUSother-countriespresentlygrowing-rapidlyJ.-HeratymajorityV.-TrjapitzinJ.-Noyescomplete-re-organizationS.-Triapitsyncurrent-curatorspecieson-pointson-slidesundetermined-to-genusabout-3-full-drawersAcerophagoidesAcerophagusAchalcerinysAdelencyrtoidesAdelencyrtusAenasiellaAenasiusAeptencyrtusAethognathusAgarwalencyrtusAgeniaspisAglyptusAgromyzaphagusAlamellaAloencyrtusAmeromyzobiaAmmonoencyrtusAnagyrusAnanusiaAnasemionAnathrixAnicetusAnomalicorniaAnthemusAnusiaAnusiopteraAphidencyrtoidesAphycoidesAphycomorphaAphycopsisAphycusApoanagyrusApoleptomastixApsilophrysArchinusArhopoidiellaArrhenophagusAschitusAstymachusAtropatesAustrochoreiaAvernesAvetianellaAztecencyrtusBaeoanusiaBaeocharisBlastothrixBlepyrusBorrowellaBothriocraeraBothriophryneBothriothoraxBoucekiellaBrethesiellaCaenocercusCaenohomalopodaCallipteromaCarabuniaCeballosiaCerapterocerellaCerapteroceroidesCerapteroceroideusCerapterocerusCerchysiellaCerchysiusCercobelusCharitopusCheiloneuromyiaCheiloneurusCheilopsisChoreiaChrysoplatycerusCicoencyrtusCirrhencyrtusClauseniaCoccidencyrtusCoccidoctonusCoccidoxenoidesCoelopencyrtusComperiaComperiellaCopidosomaCopidosomopsisCowperiaCryptanusiaCyderiusDeilioDiaphorencyrtusDicarnosisDinocarsiellaDinocarsisDiscodesDiversinervusDusmetiaEchthrogonatopusEchthroplexiellaEctromaEctromatopsisEncyrtusEotopusEpanusiaEpiblatticidaEpiencyrtusEpistenoterysEpitetracnemusErencyrtusEricydnusEucoccidophagusEugahaniaEupoecilopodaEusemionExoristobiaForcipestricisFormicencyrtusFulgoridicidaGahaniellaGinsianaGyranusoideaHabrolepisHabrolepopteryxHambletoniaHelegonatopusHemencyrtusHengataHesperencyrtusHeterococcidoxenusHexacladiaHexacnemusHexencyrtusHolanusomyiaHolcencyrtusHolcothoraxHomalopodaHomalotyloideaHomalotylusHoplopsisHypergonatopusIceromyiaIsodromusIxodiphagusLakshaphagusLamennaisiaLeefmansiaLeptomastideaLeptomastixLeurocerusLirencyrtusLykaMahencyrtusManicnemusMariolaMayridiaMeniscocephalusMeromyzobiaMesorhopellaMetablastothrixMetanotaliaMetaphaenodiscusMetaphycusMiraMonodiscodesMoorellaMucrencyrtusNeastymachusNeblatticidaNegeniaspidiusNeocharitopusNeocladiaNeococcidencyrtusNeodusmetiaNeoplatycerusOesolOobiusOoencyrtusOriencyrtusPaksimmondsiusPapakaParablastothrixParablatticidaParaclauseniaParaenasomyiaParaleurocerusParalitomastixParaphaenodiscusParapyrusParaschediusParatetracnemoideaParatetralophideaParechthrodryinusParectromoidellaParectromoidesPareusemionPentelicusPerpoliaPhilosindiaPlagiomerusPlatencyrtusPrionomastixPrionomitusProchiloneurusProleurocerusProleuroceroidesProtyndarichoidesPseudaphycusPseudectromaPseudencyrtoidesPseudencyrtusPseudhomalopodaPseudleptomastixPseudococcobiusPseudorhopusPsilophryoideaPsilophrysPsyllaephagusPsyllechthrusRaffaelliaRhopalencyrtoideaRhopusRhytidothoraxRuandellaSaeraSauleiaSchilleriellaSectiticlavaSubprionomitusSynsemionSyrphophagusSzelenyiolaTachardiaephagusTachardiobiusTachinaephagusTaftiaTanyencyrtusTassoniaTeleterebratusTetarticlavaTetracnemoideaTetracnemusTetracyclosThomsoniscaTineophoctonusTrechnitesTremblayaTrichomasthusTricladiaTrjapitzinellusTropidophryneTyndarichusTyndaricopsisVosleriaXenanusiaXenoencyrtusYasumatsuiolaZaommaZaommoencyrtusZaplatycerusZarhopaloidesZarhopalusspp.sp.sp(p).?nr.ms-namemanuscript-namenomen-nudumincludingprobably-mixed-withunsorted-miscellaneousUniversity-of-California-Riversidecollectionmuseumspecimensvouchershostsparasitoidsscale-insectsmealybugssoft-scaleswax-scalescitrus-pestsagricultural-pestsnatural-enemieshyperparasitoidsefficiencyovipositionanatomy3D-reconstructionmicrotomographyin-vivo-observationevolutionadaptive-radiationdiversityAfricaSouth-AmericaMiddle-EastHawaiihorticulturecrop-protectionaugmentative-biological-controlconservation-biological-controlegg-la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kelp crabs
Pugettia is a genus of marine kelp crabs in the family Epialtidae, distributed across the North Pacific from North America to East Asia. Species inhabit shallow subtidal zones, primarily associated with macroalgal habitats including kelp beds, Sargassum stands, and red algal turfs. Many species exhibit ontogenetic habitat shifts, with juveniles and smaller individuals occupying deeper algal turfs while larger adults migrate to shallower macroalgal beds. The genus includes approximately 25 extant species plus one fossil species, with several species serving as important subjects for studies of crab growth, reproduction, and habitat ecology.
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lebeau
Lebeau's Silk Moth, Forbes Moth
Rothschildia lebeau is a giant silkmoth in the family Saturniidae, distributed from the Lower Rio Grande Valley through eastern Mexico to Brazil. Adults are short-lived and do not feed, relying on fat reserves accumulated during larval development. The species exhibits a life history tradeoff between larval survival and adult body size based on host plant quality, with larger males showing higher mating success.
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