Ichneumonidae

Guides

• Acroricnus stylator aequatus

  Acroricnus stylator aequatus is a subspecies of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae. The genus Acroricnus is documented as a parasite of mud dauber wasp nests, specifically attacking the Black and Yellow Mud Dauber (Sceliphron caementarium). This subspecies was originally described by Thomas Say in 1835. Very little species-specific information is available in the provided sources, with most biological knowledge inferred from genus-level documentation.

  Ichneumonidaeparasitoidmud-dauber-parasiteHymenopteranest-parasiteSceliphron-caementarium-associate

• Acroricnus stylator niger

  Acroricnus stylator niger is a subspecies of ichneumonid wasp in the genus Acroricnus. It is known from Belgium and Denmark, with records from both the Flemish and Walloon regions of Belgium. The species belongs to a genus whose members are parasitoids of mud dauber nests, including those of the Black and Yellow Mud Dauber (Sceliphron caementarium).

  HymenopteraIchneumonidaeparasitoidmud-dauber-parasiteBelgiumDenmark

• Acrotaphus

  Acrotaphus is a genus of spider-attacking parasitoid wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, subfamily Pimplinae, tribe Ephialtini. The genus contains 27 described species distributed across the New World, with particularly high diversity in the Neotropics including the Brazilian Amazon. These wasps are ectoparasitoids of orb-weaver spiders in the families Araneidae and Tetragnathidae. A defining characteristic of the genus is the ability to induce behavioral modification in host spiders, causing them to construct specialized "cocoon webs" that support and protect the wasp pupae.

  parasitoidspider-parasitoidhost-manipulationcocoon-webectoparasitoidpolysphinctineIchneumonidaePimplinaeNew-WorldNeotropicalbehavioral-manipulationorb-weaver-spider

• Acrotaphus fuscipennis

  Acrotaphus fuscipennis is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, first described by Cresson in 1865. The genus Acrotaphus comprises parasitoid wasps that attack spiders. A. fuscipennis is one of approximately 8 species in the genus recorded from North America. Like other members of Acrotaphus, this species is presumed to be an ectoparasitoid of orb-weaving spiders (Araneidae), though specific host records for A. fuscipennis itself appear to be lacking in published literature.

  Ichneumonidaeparasitoidspider-parasitoidHymenopteraNorth-AmericaectoparasitoidAraneidae

• Acrotaphus wiltii

  Acrotaphus wiltii is an ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae. It is a specialist parasite of spiders, particularly the orb-weaver Neoscona arabesca. The female wasp locates a host spider, briefly paralyzes it with a sting, and lays a single egg on the spider's body. The larva develops as an external parasite, feeding on the living spider.

  ichneumonidaeparasitoidspider-parasiteexternal-parasiteorb-weaver-parasite

• Acrotomus

  Acrotomus is a genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, established by Holmgren in 1857. The genus is recorded from Scandinavia, with confirmed presence in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. As ichneumonids, members of this genus are presumed to be parasitoids of other insects, though specific host associations remain poorly documented.

  parasitoidIchneumonidaeHymenopteraScandinaviaHolmgren-1857

• Agonocryptus

  Agonocryptus is a genus of ichneumonid wasps in the subfamily Cryptinae, established by Cushman in 1929. The genus occurs exclusively in the Neotropical region. A 2022 taxonomic revision significantly expanded known distributions, adding 115 new records across 16 species and increasing documented localities by nearly 70%. The genus exhibits notable morphological variation among species, with elevation preferences varying across taxa.

  ichneumonidaecryptinaeneotropicalparasitoid-wasptaxonomydistribution2022-revision

• Agrothereutes

  Agrothereutes is a genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, containing over 40 described species. Members are solitary ectoparasitoids that attack concealed lepidopteran hosts, primarily targeting prepupal and pupal stages. Several species have been studied for their host relationships and reproductive biology, including A. lanceolatus and A. minousubae. The genus exhibits facultative diapause and variable voltinism, with some populations producing one or two generations annually.

  parasitoidectoparasitoidIchneumonidaeLepidoptera-parasitoiddiapausevoltinismbiological-control

• Agrothereutes abbreviatus

  Agrothereutes abbreviatus is a parasitic wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, characterized by sexual dimorphism in wing development. Females are brachypterous with wings reduced to the postscutellum or first abdominal tergite, while males have fully developed wings. The species is active in spring and searches for hosts on the ground and in leaf litter.

  brachypteroussexual-dimorphismground-dwellingparasitoidIchneumonidae

• Agrypon

  Agrypon is a genus of ichneumonid parasitoid wasps described by Arnold Förster in 1860. Species within this genus are solitary larval-pupal endoparasitoids that develop within caterpillars of various lepidopteran hosts. At least one species, A. flaveolatum, has been introduced as a biological control agent for pest management.

  parasitoidbiological-controlIchneumonidaeendoparasitoidlepidopteran-parasitoid

• Agrypon flaveolatum

  Agrypon flaveolatum is a parasitoid wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, first described by Gravenhorst in 1807. Native to Europe and Asia, it was introduced to eastern and western Canada in the mid-20th century as a biological control agent against the invasive winter moth (Operophtera brumata). The species has established populations in Nova Scotia and British Columbia, where it parasitizes winter moth larvae on apple and oak trees. It has been distinguished from closely related native North American species through morphological characters and morphometric analysis of antennal flagellomere annuli.

  parasitoidbiological-controlinvasive-species-managementIchneumonidae

• Allophroides

  Allophroides is a genus of parasitic wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, established by Horstmann in 1971. The genus contains approximately 12 described species, with Allophroides boops designated as the type species. Most species have been described relatively recently, with several added by Horstmann in 2013. Members of this genus are koinobiont parasitoids, though specific host associations remain poorly documented.

  parasitic-waspIchneumonidaeparasitoidHymenopterawaspskoinobiont

• Ambloplisus ornatus

  Ambloplisus ornatus is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, first described by Cresson in 1868. It is a parasitoid wasp belonging to the superfamily Ichneumonoidea, one of the most species-rich groups of parasitic wasps. The genus Ambloplisus is part of the diverse ichneumonid fauna of North America.

  HymenopteraIchneumonidaeparasitoid-waspIchneumonoideaNorth-AmericaCresson-1868Ambloplisus

• Anomalon ejuncidum

  Anomalon ejuncidum is a species of ichneumonid wasp in the genus Anomalon. The species was described by Thomas Say in 1835 and is currently recognized as valid. Members of the genus Anomalon are generally parasitoid wasps, though specific host associations for A. ejuncidum remain poorly documented. The species has been recorded from Brazil.

  parasitoid-waspichneumonidSouth-AmericaBrazil1835-descriptionSayAnomalonHymenopteraIchneumonidaeTerebrantesApocrita

• Anomalon reticulatum

  Anomalon reticulatum is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, first described by Cresson in 1865. It belongs to the genus Anomalon, a group of parasitoid wasps. The species is documented through limited observations, with occurrence records indicating a sparse but established presence. As with other members of Ichneumonidae, it is presumed to function as a parasitoid, though specific host associations for this species remain undocumented in available sources.

  IchneumonidaeHymenopteraparasitoid-waspAnomalonCresson-1865

• Anomalonini

  Anomalonini is a tribe of parasitoid wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, subfamily Anomaloninae. The tribe is dominated by the large genus *Anomalon*, with *Neogreeneia* sometimes recognized as a second genus. Members are koinobiont endoparasitoids of lepidopteran larvae. The tribe contains approximately 5,600+ documented observations, indicating moderate research attention.

  parasitoidIchneumonidaekoinobiontLepidoptera-parasitoidbiological-control

• Aoplus

  Aoplus is a genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, first described by Tischbein in 1874. The genus contains species distributed across Europe and North America, with confirmed records from Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. As ichneumonids, members of this genus are presumed to be parasitoids of other insects, though specific host associations remain largely undocumented in the provided sources.

  Ichneumonidaeparasitoid-waspparasitoidHymenoptera

• Aoplus thujarum

  Aoplus thujarum is a species of ichneumon wasp described by Heinrich in 1961. It belongs to the large parasitoid wasp family Ichneumonidae. The species name "thujarum" suggests an association with Thuja (arborvitae or cedar) trees, likely indicating host plant or habitat specificity. Very few observations of this species have been documented, with only one record in iNaturalist.

  ichneumonidaeparasitoidconifer-associateddata-deficient

• Apechthis ontario

  Apechthis ontario is a species of ichneumonid wasp first described by Cresson in 1870. The species belongs to a genus of parasitoid wasps within the family Ichneumonidae, one of the largest families of wasps. Distribution records indicate presence in western Canada, with specimens documented from Alberta and Manitoba. Like other members of its family, this species is presumed to be a parasitoid, though specific host relationships remain undocumented in the available literature.

  parasitoidIchneumonidaeHymenopteraCanadaAlbertaManitoba

• Aphanistes

  Aphanistes is a genus of ichneumon wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, first described by Förster in 1869. These parasitoid wasps are poorly documented in public literature, with most records coming from taxonomic databases rather than ecological studies. The genus is currently accepted but lacks comprehensive species-level documentation.

  IchneumonidaeparasitoidNorthern-EuropewaspsHymenoptera1869Förster

• Aphanistes rheumapterae

  Aphanistes rheumapterae is a species of ichneumon wasp described by Dasch in 1984. The specific epithet "rheumapterae" indicates a parasitoid association with moths in the genus Rheumaptera (Geometridae). Like other members of the genus Aphanistes, it is presumed to be a koinobiont endoparasitoid, though direct biological studies are limited. The species is rarely recorded, with minimal observational data available.

  ichneumonidaeparasitoid-waspgeometridae-hostrarely-recorded1984-description

• Aplomerus

  A small genus of parasitoid wasps in the subfamily Xoridinae (Ichneumonidae). The genus exhibits a disjunct distribution across North America, Japan, and southeast Asia. Eight species are currently recognized, including two described from the Oriental region (Thailand and Vietnam) and one from Japan. Aplomerus is considered a basal lineage within Xoridinae.

  parasitoidXoridinaeIchneumonidaedisjunct-distributionbasal-lineageOriental-regionNearcticPalearcticJapanThailandVietnam

• Apsilops

  Apsilops is a genus of ichneumonid wasps in the subfamily Cryptinae, containing approximately nine described species. Members are parasitoids of lepidopteran larvae, with documented associations including aquatic crambid moths and rice pests. The genus includes both aquatic and terrestrial species, reflecting diverse habitat specializations among its members.

  parasitoidichneumonidaecryptinaeaquaticrice-pestbiological-control

• Aptesini

  Aptesini is a tribe of ichneumon wasps within the family Ichneumonidae, comprising 24 described genera. These are parasitoid wasps, though specific biological details for the tribe as a whole remain poorly documented in published literature. The tribe is part of the diverse and speciose subfamily Ichneumoninae.

  IchneumonidaeparasitoidHymenoptera

• Aptesis

  Aptesis is a genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, first described by Arnold Förster in 1850. The genus contains approximately 74 described species with an almost cosmopolitan distribution. Species within this genus are primarily ectoparasitoids of sawfly prepupae and cocoons, with some species serving as important biological control agents. Well-studied species include Aptesis nigrocincta, a bivoltine ectoparasitoid of apple sawfly cocoons, and Aptesis basizona, a parasitoid of pine sawflies used in classical biological control programs.

  parasitoidectoparasitoidsawfly-parasitebiological-controlIchneumonidaesolitary-parasitoidsuperparasitismbivoltinewingless-femalesoil-dwelling-host-location

• Arotes

  Arotes is a genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, first described by Gravenhorst in 1829. Species are distributed across Europe and the Americas. At least one species, Arotes decorus, has been documented as a parasitoid of the longhorn beetle Yakuhananomia bidentata. The genus comprises five described species.

  parasitoidichneumonidaehymenoptera

• Arotes decorus

  Arotes decorus is a species of ichneumonid wasp in the family Ichneumonidae. It is known to be a parasitoid of two cerambycid beetle species: Xylotrechus colonus and Yakuhananomia bidentata. The species was described by Thomas Say in 1835 and is part of the diverse and species-rich Ichneumonidae family, which contains thousands of parasitoid wasp species.

  parasitoidIchneumonidaeHymenopteracerambycidae-parasitebiological-control

• Asthenolabus

  Asthenolabus is a genus of ichneumon wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, first described by Heinrich in 1951. The genus belongs to the diverse parasitoid wasp family, whose members are characterized by their role as parasitoids of other insects. Records indicate presence in Scandinavia, though detailed biological information remains limited.

  ichneumonidaeparasitoid-waspsscandinavia

• Asthenolabus canadensis

  Asthenolabus canadensis is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, first described by Cresson in 1877. The genus Asthenolabus is poorly documented in the literature, with minimal published information on its biology, host associations, or distribution. The species epithet 'canadensis' suggests a North American distribution. Available records are sparse, with limited observational data from Canada.

  Ichneumonidaeparasitoid-waspNorth-Americapoorly-known

• Atractodes

  Atractodes is a cosmopolitan genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, first described by Gravenhorst in 1829. The genus has been historically classified in different subfamilies, with some species groups placed in Phygadeuontinae and others in Cryptinae. Multiple species groups have been defined to accommodate morphologically similar species, particularly in the Neotropical region where recent taxonomic revisions have described numerous new species. The genus exhibits considerable diversity in the Americas, with records from North America, Central America, and South America, as well as Europe.

  parasitoidichneumonidaehymenopteracosmopolitanneotropical-diversitytaxonomic-revisionspecies-groups

• Banchinae

  Banchinae is a large subfamily of Ichneumonidae containing approximately 1,500–1,800 described species distributed worldwide. The subfamily comprises three tribes: Banchini, Glyptini, and Atrophini. All banchines are koinobiont endoparasitoids of Lepidoptera larvae. Glyptini primarily parasitize Tortricidae, while Atrophini attack a broader range of small moth families. The genus Lissonota is notable for possessing exceptionally long ovipositors capable of reaching deep wood-boring Lepidoptera such as Cossidae. Banchinae and Campopleginae are the only Ichneumonidae subfamilies known to harbor polydnaviruses, which play a role in host immune suppression.

  parasitoidkoinobiontpolydnavirusLepidopteraendoparasitoidbiological-controlIchneumonidaeHymenoptera

• Banchus

  Banchus is a genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, first described by Fabricius in 1798. Species occur in Europe, North America, and Asia. The genus comprises at least eight described species, with Banchus flavescens being the most abundant hymenopteran parasitoid of the bertha armyworm in western Canada. Members are endoparasitoids of lepidopteran larvae, particularly Noctuidae.

  parasitoidIchneumonidaebiological-controldiapauseendoparasitoidNoctuidaeagricultural-pest-management

• Banchus pallescens

  Banchus pallescens is a species of ichneumon wasp described by Provancher in 1874. It belongs to the family Ichneumonidae, one of the largest families of wasps, whose members are primarily parasitoids of other insects. The species has been recorded from locations in Canada including Edmonton and Wallwort.

  parasitoidHymenopteraIchneumonidaeCanada

• Barichneumon

  Barichneumon is a genus of ichneumonid wasps established by Thomson in 1893. At least one species, Barichneumon bilunulatus, has been documented as a parasitoid of the pine beauty moth (Panolis flammea), a pest of pine forests. The genus is recorded from Scandinavia and Denmark.

  parasitoidpine-forestbiological-controlScandinaviaIchneumonidaePanolis-flammea

• Barichneumon sorex

  Barichneumon sorex is a species of ichneumon wasp described by Heinrich in 1961. It belongs to the family Ichneumonidae, one of the largest families of wasps, whose members are predominantly parasitoids of other insects. The genus Barichneumon is part of this diverse group of parasitic wasps. Very little specific information has been published about this particular species.

  HymenopteraIchneumonidaeBarichneumonparasitoid-waspHeinrich-1961

• Baryceratina

  Baryceratina is a subtribe of parasitoid wasps within the family Ichneumonidae. Members belong to the tribe Ichneumonini and subfamily Ichneumoninae. The group comprises genera characterized by specific morphological features in the antennae and areole of the forewing. These wasps are koinobiont endoparasitoids, developing within living hosts.

  parasitoidIchneumonidaeHymenopterasubtribe

• Baryceros audax

  Baryceros audax is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, described by Cresson in 1878. It belongs to a diverse group of parasitoid wasps characterized by their slender bodies and long antennae. As with most ichneumonids, this species is likely parasitoid, though specific host associations remain poorly documented. The genus Baryceros contains relatively obscure species with limited published biological information.

  parasitoid-waspichneumonidaehymenopterainsectarthropodbaryceros

• Baryceros fortis

  Baryceros fortis is a species of ichneumonid wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, described by Cresson in 1878. It belongs to the genus Baryceros, a group of parasitoid wasps. The species is part of the diverse Ichneumonoidea superfamily, which contains some of the most species-rich lineages within Hymenoptera. As with most ichneumonids, it is presumed to be a parasitoid of other insects, though specific host records for this species remain poorly documented.

  Ichneumonidaeparasitoid-waspHymenopteraNorth-America

• Baryceros texanus

  Baryceros texanus is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, first described by Ashmead in 1890. As a member of the parasitoid wasp family Ichneumonidae, this species likely functions as a parasitoid of other insects, though specific host relationships have not been documented in the provided sources. The species is known from Texas and surrounding regions, with 244 observations recorded on iNaturalist.

  ichneumonidaeparasitoid-wasphymenopteratexas

• Bathyplectes

  Bathyplectes is a genus of ichneumonid wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Campopleginae) comprising larval parasitoids of weevil pests, particularly the alfalfa weevil (Hypera postica). The genus includes multiple Palaearctic species, with B. curculionis and B. anura being the most studied for biological control of alfalfa weevil in agricultural systems. These parasitoids have been introduced to North America as part of classical biological control programs. A distinctive behavioral trait occurs in B. anura, whose cocooned larvae jump up to 5 cm to locate favorable microhabitats.

  parasitoidbiological-controlalfalfa-weevilIchneumonidaeagricultural-pest-managementcocoon-jumping-behaviorPalaearcticintroduced-species

• Bathyplectes curculionis

  Bathyplectes curculionis is a parasitoid wasp in the family Ichneumonidae that attacks larvae of the alfalfa weevil (Hypera postica), a major pest of alfalfa crops. It has been introduced and established in various regions as a biological control agent. Field studies indicate that its populations are influenced by sugar availability, including aphid honeydew and floral nectar. In some regions, it has been displaced by the congener Bathyplectes anurus, which exhibits superior reproductive capacity, more rapid host handling, and avoidance of host encapsulation.

  parasitoidbiological-controlalfalfa-weevilHypera-posticaIchneumonidaeagricultural-pest-management

• Bathyplectes infernalis

  Bathyplectes infernalis is a parasitoid wasp in the family Ichneumonidae. It is a biological control agent of the alfalfa weevil (Hypera postica), a major agricultural pest in western North America. The species has been introduced and released in the United States as part of classical biological control programs. It is one of several Bathyplectes species used to manage weevil populations in alfalfa fields.

  parasitoidbiological-controlalfalfa-weevilintegrated-pest-managementIchneumonidaeagricultural-pest-managementclassical-biological-controlintroduced-speciesNorth-AmericaEurope

• Bathytrichina

  Bathytrichina is a subtribe of ichneumon wasps within the tribe Tryphonini. It comprises small to medium-sized parasitoid wasps that attack sawfly larvae. The group is relatively small and poorly studied, with limited published information on its biology and species composition.

  IchneumonidaeTryphoniniparasitoidsawfly-parasitoidHolarctic

• Boethus

  Boethus is a genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Ichneumonidae. Species in this genus are known to attack sawfly hosts, with Boethus thoracicus documented as a parasitoid of Arge rosae (rose sawfly). The genus belongs to the superfamily Ichneumonoidea, one of the largest groups of parasitoid wasps.

  parasitoidbiological-controlsawfly-parasitoidrose-sawflyIchneumonidae

• Calliephialtes ferrugineus

  Calliephialtes ferrugineus is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, described by Cushman in 1940. It belongs to a genus of parasitoid wasps whose members are known to attack concealed hosts, particularly moth larvae. The specific epithet 'ferrugineus' refers to a rusty or reddish-brown coloration. Very few documented observations of this species exist, with only two records in iNaturalist as of the knowledge cutoff.

  Ichneumonidaeparasitoid-waspHymenopteraCushman-1940

• Calliephialtes notandus

  Calliephialtes notandus is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae. Very little is documented about this species. It belongs to a genus whose members are primarily parasitoids of concealed lepidopteran larvae, though some species have been recorded from other hosts. The species is known from only two iNaturalist observations, indicating it is either rare, poorly collected, or understudied.

  Ichneumonidaeparasitoid-waspunderstudied-species

• Casinaria

  Casinaria is a genus of koinobiont endoparasitoid wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, first described by Holmgren in 1859. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution with over 150 described species. Members are primarily parasitoids of Lepidoptera, with some species documented attacking specific host moths including geometrids and noctuids. Several species have been reared from forest pest species, suggesting potential value in biological control programs.

  parasitoidIchneumonidaeCampopleginaeLepidoptera-parasitoidbiological-controlforest-entomology

• Catadelphops

  Catadelphops is a genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, established by Heinrich in 1962. It belongs to the superfamily Ichneumonoidea, one of the largest groups of parasitoid wasps. The genus is poorly documented in published literature, with minimal available information on its biology and species diversity. Records indicate it has been rarely observed, with only two observations documented on iNaturalist.

  parasitoid-waspIchneumonidaedata-deficientrarely-observed

• Ceratogastra

  Ceratogastra is a genus of ichneumon wasps in the family Ichneumonidae. The best-known species, Ceratogastra ornata, is a small wasp measuring 10–12 millimeters in body length, recognized by its ornate yellow and reddish-brown or black color pattern. Four subspecies of C. ornata are recognized, showing geographic variation in coloration from darker northern forms to paler western and southern populations. Members of this genus are flower visitors and parasitoids of moth larvae.

  HymenopteraIchneumonidaeparasitoid-waspNorth-Americaflower-visitorbiological-controlmimicrycutworm-parasitoidAsteraceae-associate

• Chorinaeus aequalis

  Chorinaeus aequalis is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, described by Townes & Townes in 1959. It belongs to the genus Chorinaeus, which is part of the superfamily Ichneumonoidea. The species is known from at least one occurrence record in Edmonton, Canada, as documented in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). Like other ichneumonid wasps, it is presumed to be a parasitoid, though specific host relationships have not been documented.

  ichneumonidparasitoid-waspHymenopteraIchneumonidaeTownes-1959CanadaEdmonton

• Cidaphus australis

  Cidaphus australis is a species of ichneumonid wasp described by Cushman in 1924 during his taxonomic review of North American Cidaphus. It belongs to the large family Ichneumonidae, a diverse group of parasitoid wasps. The species was distinguished from congeners C. paniscoides and C. occidentalis based on diagnostic morphological characters. As with most ichneumonids, it is presumed to be a parasitoid, though specific host relationships remain undocumented. The species is known from very few records, with only two observations documented in iNaturalist.

  ichneumonidaeparasitoid-wasphymenopteranorth-americacushman-1924rarepoorly-known

• Clistopyga

  Clistopyga is a genus of ichneumonid wasps in the subfamily Pimplinae, first described by Gravenhorst in 1829. The genus contains approximately 50 described species, with the majority distributed in the Neotropical region. Species are characterized by specialized adaptations for parasitizing spiders, including modified ovipositors used for clinging to hosts and felting spider silk to seal nest openings. Several species groups have been established within the genus based on morphological and distributional patterns.

  IchneumonidaePimplinaeparasitoidspider-parasitoidNeotropicalovipositor-adaptationmimicrysilk-feltingGravenhorst-1829genome-sequenced-(C.-incitator)

• Clistopyga atrata

  Clistopyga atrata is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, described by Cushman in 1921. The genus Clistopyga belongs to a diverse group of parasitoid wasps whose biology remains poorly documented. Like other ichneumonids, this species likely functions as a parasitoid of other insects, though specific host records are not well established. The species is distinguished by its dark coloration, as suggested by the specific epithet 'atrata' meaning black.

  ichneumonidaeparasitoid-wasphymenopteracushman-1921north-america

• Clistopyga recurva

  Clistopyga recurva is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, first described by Thomas Say in 1835. It belongs to a genus of parasitoid wasps whose members are known for their distinctive curved or recurved morphological features, as suggested by the specific epithet "recurva." The species is part of the diverse North American ichneumonid fauna, though detailed biological information remains limited in published literature.

  Ichneumonidaeparasitoid-waspNorth-AmericaSay-1835

• Clivinematini

  Clivinematini is a tribe of ichneumon wasps within the subfamily Tryphoninae. Members of this tribe are parasitoid wasps that target sawfly larvae (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) as hosts. The tribe is characterized by specific morphological features of the ovipositor and associated structures that distinguish it from related tryphonine tribes. Clivinematini represents a relatively small and specialized lineage within the diverse Ichneumonidae.

  IchneumonidaeTryphoninaeparasitoidsawfly-parasitoidHymenopterakoinobiontHolarctic

• Coelichneumon azotus

  Coelichneumon azotus is a species of ichneumon wasp described by Cresson in 1864. It belongs to the large family Ichneumonidae, which comprises parasitoid wasps that develop by feeding on other arthropods, usually insects or spiders. The genus Coelichneumon is part of the subfamily Ichneumoninae, a diverse group whose members are often characterized by their slender bodies and elongated ovipositors. As with most ichneumonids, the species is presumed to be a parasitoid, though specific host records for C. azotus remain poorly documented. The species has been recorded across multiple observations on iNaturalist, indicating it is encountered with some regularity by naturalists in North America.

  parasitoidichneumon-waspNorth-AmericaHymenopteraIchneumonidae

• Coelichneumon orpheus

  Coelichneumon orpheus is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, first described by Cresson in 1864. It belongs to a large family of parasitoid wasps that are ecologically important as natural enemies of other insects. The genus Coelichneumon is part of the diverse ichneumonid fauna of North America.

  ichneumonidaeparasitoidhymenopteranorth-america

• Coelichneumon viola

  Coelichneumon viola is a species of ichneumon wasp described by Cresson in 1864. It belongs to the large family Ichneumonidae, a group of parasitoid wasps characterized by slender bodies and long antennae. The genus Coelichneumon is part of the diverse ichneumonid radiation, with species distributed across North America. Specific biological details for this species remain poorly documented.

  parasitoidichneumonidaenorth-americahistorical-description

• Coelichneumon vitalis

  Coelichneumon vitalis is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae. It was described by Cresson in 1877. As a member of this large parasitoid wasp family, it is presumed to parasitize other insects, though specific host records are limited. The genus Coelichneumon contains multiple species primarily distributed in North America.

  parasitoidIchneumonidaeNorth-AmericaCresson-1877

• Coleocentrus flavipes

  Coleocentrus flavipes is a species of ichneumonid wasp described by Provancher in 1874. It belongs to the family Ichneumonidae, one of the largest families of wasps. The specific epithet "flavipes" (meaning "yellow-footed") likely refers to yellow coloration on the legs. As with other ichneumonid wasps, this species is presumed to be parasitoid, though specific host associations remain undocumented in available sources.

  HymenopteraIchneumonidaeparasitoid-waspNorth-American-faunaProvancher-1874

• Collyria

  Collyria is a genus of ichneumonid wasps in the subfamily Collyriinae. Species within this genus are specialized parasitoids of stem sawflies (Cephidae), particularly those infesting cereal crops such as wheat. The genus includes species that have been investigated and employed as biological control agents against wheat stem sawfly pests in North America and Europe. Members exhibit phenological synchrony with their hosts, with adults typically emerging earlier than host sawflies, and demonstrate complex host discrimination behaviors including variable superparasitism rates.

  parasitoidbiological-controlwheat-peststem-sawflyIchneumonidaeagriculturalCephidae

• Collyriinae

  Collyriinae is a subfamily of ichneumonid wasps (Ichneumonidae, Hymenoptera) known primarily as parasitoids of stem-sawflies (Cephidae). The subfamily includes genera such as Collyria and Bicurta. Species within this group have been documented as parasitoids of economically important stem-boring sawflies, with potential applications in biological control. Host records indicate specialization on Cephidae, though detailed biological information remains limited for many taxa.

  parasitoidIchneumonidaeCephidaebiological-controlstem-sawflyChina

• Compsocryptus calipterus

  A small ichneumonid wasp with a scattered distribution across eastern and southwestern North America. Forewing length ranges from 5 mm in males to 5.7–7.4 mm in females. The species is recognized by reddish front legs in combination with dark-banded wings. Three subspecies have been described based on slight color and pattern differences.

  IchneumonidaeHymenopteraNorth-Americasmall-waspbanded-wingssubspecies-variation

• Compsocryptus texensis

  Compsocryptus texensis is a species of ichneumon wasp described by Townes in 1962. It belongs to the large family Ichneumonidae, a group of parasitoid wasps characterized by their slender bodies and long antennae. The species name suggests a connection to Texas, likely reflecting its type locality or primary distribution. Like other members of its family, it is presumed to be a parasitoid, though specific host associations remain undocumented in available sources.

  parasitoidIchneumonidaeNorth-Americaunderstudied

• Conocalama brullei

  Conocalama brullei is a species of ichneumonid wasp described by Cresson in 1877. It belongs to the genus Conocalama within the family Ichneumonidae, one of the largest families of parasitoid wasps. The species is known from a small number of observations, with only six records documented on iNaturalist. Like other ichneumonids, it is presumed to be a parasitoid of other insects, though specific host relationships remain undocumented.

  HymenopteraIchneumonidaeConocalamaparasitoid-waspCresson-1877

• Conocalama canadensis

  Conocalama canadensis is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, first described by Provancher in 1877. The genus Conocalama is part of the large and diverse ichneumonid wasp fauna, which are primarily parasitoids of other insects. Very little specific biological information is available for this particular species.

  IchneumonidaeHymenopteraparasitoidNorth-Americadata-deficient

• Cratichneumon duplicatus

  Cratichneumon duplicatus is a species of ichneumon wasp described by Thomas Say in 1835. It belongs to the large family Ichneumonidae, which comprises parasitoid wasps that typically attack other insects. The species is known from limited observational records, with only two documented observations on iNaturalist. As with most ichneumonids, specific biological details for this species remain poorly documented in accessible literature.

  ichneumonidaehymenopteraparasitoid-waspnorth-americasay-1835

• Cratichneumon elongatus

  Cratichneumon elongatus is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae. The genus Cratichneumon is part of a diverse group of parasitoid wasps. Very limited information is available for this specific species, with only two observations recorded on iNaturalist. Members of this genus are typically parasitoids of lepidopteran larvae.

  HymenopteraIchneumonidaeparasitoid-waspCratichneumon

• Cratichneumon fossorius

  Cratichneumon fossorius is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae. Members of this genus are parasitoid wasps, though specific host associations for this species remain undocumented. The species has been recorded from very few observations, suggesting it is either genuinely rare or undercollected. Like other ichneumonids, females likely possess an ovipositor for laying eggs in or on host organisms.

  ichneumonidaeparasitoidhymenopteradata-deficient

• Cratichneumon tyloidifer

  Cratichneumon tyloidifer is a species of ichneumon wasp described by Heinrich in 1961. It belongs to the family Ichneumonidae, one of the largest families of parasitoid wasps. The species is known from very few records, with only two observations documented on iNaturalist. As a member of the genus Cratichneumon, it likely exhibits the characteristic features of this group, including the presence of tyloids on the antennae—a trait referenced in the species epithet.

  ichneumonidaeparasitoidtyloidheinrich1961poorly-known

• Cratichneumon vinnulus

  Cratichneumon vinnulus is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, described by Cresson in 1864. It belongs to a large genus of parasitoid wasps whose members are primarily known for attacking Lepidoptera larvae. Like other members of Cratichneumon, this species likely functions as a koinobiont parasitoid, allowing its host to continue developing after oviposition. The species has been documented in North America, though specific ecological details remain poorly recorded.

  parasitoidHymenopteraIchneumonidaeNorth-AmericaCresson-1864

• Cratichneumon w-album

  Cratichneumon w-album is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, first described by Cresson in 1864. The species name refers to the distinctive white 'W'-shaped marking on the forewings. It is a moderately-sized parasitoid wasp with documented observations across eastern North America.

  ichneumonidaeparasitoid-waspwing-patterneastern-north-americacresson-1864

• Cremastinae

  Cremastinae is a worldwide subfamily of parasitoid wasps within Ichneumonidae. Members are koinobiont endoparasitoids, primarily attacking concealed larvae of Lepidoptera. Several genera, including Pristomerus, have been used in biological control programs. The subfamily exhibits high diversity in tropical regions, with numerous undescribed species.

  parasitoidbiological-controlLepidoptera-parasitoidtropical-diversitykoinobiontIchneumonidaeconcealed-host-larvae

• Cremastus

  Cremastus is a genus of ichneumon wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, subfamily Cremastinae. The genus was established by Gravenhorst in 1829 and contains multiple described species. Members are parasitoid wasps, with females possessing an ovipositor for host parasitization. Several species have been described from western North America by Dasch, including C. amoenus, C. aridus, C. atratus, C. planus, C. prolatus, and C. stenotus.

  IchneumonidaeCremastinaeparasitoidHymenopteraNorth-AmericaGravenhorst-1829

• Cryptanura

  Cryptanura is a genus of ichneumonid wasps in the subfamily Cryptinae, containing at least 38 species in North America. These wasps are parasitoids of other insects, with documented hosts including longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae). The genus includes species that serve as models for Batesian mimicry by phytophagous bugs. At least 30 species occur in Mexico, with the genus distributed from North America through Central America to South America.

  IchneumonidaeCryptinaeparasitoidBatesian-mimicrybiocontrolCerambycidae

• Cryptanura septentrionalis

  Cryptanura septentrionalis is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, described by Cushman in 1945. The genus Cryptanura belongs to the diverse superfamily Ichneumonoidea, which contains thousands of parasitoid wasp species. As with most ichneumonids, this species is presumed to be a parasitoid of other insects, though specific host associations remain undocumented in available sources. The species epithet "septentrionalis" (Latin for "northern") may indicate a northern distribution relative to congeners, though this has not been verified.

  parasitoidHymenopteraIchneumonidaeundocumented-biology

• Cryptopimpla amblipennis

  Cryptopimpla amblipennis is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, subfamily Cryptinae. Members of the genus Cryptopimpla are parasitoid wasps, and this species is presumed to share this biology, though specific host associations for C. amblipennis remain undocumented. The species was described in the early 20th century based on morphological characteristics. It represents one of many poorly studied species within a large and taxonomically complex family.

  ichneumonidaeparasitoidcryptinaehymenopterapoorly-known-species

• Cryptopimpla quadrilineata

  Cryptopimpla quadrilineata is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, described by Gravenhorst in 1829. The genus Cryptopimpla belongs to the diverse parasitoid wasp family Ichneumonidae, one of the largest families of organisms with over 25,000 described species. Like other ichneumonids, this species is presumed to be a parasitoid of other insects, though specific host relationships remain undocumented. The species has been recorded from multiple locations in Canada.

  Ichneumonidaeparasitoid-waspHymenopteraCanadaAlberta

• Cryptopimpla quadrilineata jocosa

  A subspecies of ichneumonid wasp in the genus Cryptopimpla, originally described by Cresson in 1870. As a member of the Ichneumonidae, it is a parasitoid wasp. The subspecies name "jocosa" suggests a Latin origin meaning "playful" or "merry," though the etymological basis for this naming is not documented in available sources.

  parasitoidHymenopteraIchneumonidaeCanadaAlbertaBritish-Columbia

• Ctenichneumon columbianus

  Ctenichneumon columbianus is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, described by Heinrich in 1961. The genus Ctenichneumon belongs to the subfamily Ichneumoninae, a diverse group of parasitoid wasps. Species in this genus are characterized by distinctive comb-like structures on the hind tibiae. Like other ichneumonids, C. columbianus is presumed to be a parasitoid of other insects, though specific host records for this species are not well documented.

  ichneumonidaeparasitoidhymenopterainsectaarthropodaanimaliactenichneumonheinrich-1961speciesaccepted-taxonichneumoninaectenichneumon-columbianus

• Ctenichneumon minor

  Ctenichneumon minor is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, described by Heinrich in 1961. The genus Ctenichneumon belongs to the large and diverse group of parasitoid wasps commonly known as ichneumon wasps. Very few specific details are documented for this particular species.

  Ichneumonidaeparasitoid-waspHymenopteraHeinrich-1961

• Cyclolabus gracilicornis

  Cyclolabus gracilicornis is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, first described by Provancher in 1886. The genus Cyclolabus belongs to the large and diverse parasitoid wasp family Ichneumonidae, one of the most species-rich families of Hymenoptera. Like other ichneumonids, this species is presumed to be a parasitoid of other insects, though specific host records for this species appear to be undocumented in available sources.

  Ichneumonidaeparasitoid-waspHymenopteraProvancher-1886

• Delomeristini

  Delomeristini is a tribe of ichneumonid wasps within the subfamily Pimplinae. The tribe comprises approximately ten species in Europe, including genera such as Atractogaster, Delomerista, and Perithous. These wasps are parasitoids, with females using their elongated ovipositors to access hosts concealed in wood or other substrates.

  parasitoid-waspPimplinaeIchneumonidaemontaneCarpathiansUkrainePalearctic

• Diacritus

  Diacritus is a genus of ichneumon wasps in the family Ichneumonidae. The genus was established by Förster in 1869 and contains species distributed across northern Europe. As with other ichneumonid genera, members are parasitoids, though specific host associations for most species remain poorly documented. The genus is rarely encountered in collections and has received limited taxonomic study.

  ichneumonidaeparasitoid-wasphymenopteranorthern-europerarely-collected

• Diadegma

  Diadegma is a genus of ichneumonid wasps established by Förster in 1869. Species in this genus are koinobiont parasitoids, primarily attacking lepidopteran larvae. Several species, notably D. insulare and D. semiclausum, have been extensively studied and deployed as biological control agents against agricultural pests, particularly the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella). The genus contains over 200 described species with cosmopolitan distribution.

  parasitoidbiological-controlIchneumonidaediamondback-mothagricultural-pest-managementkairomoneintegrated-pest-management

• Diadromus

  pupal parasitoid wasps

  Diadromus is a genus of ichneumonid wasps comprising over two dozen species distributed across Europe and North America. Species in this genus are endoparasitoids, primarily attacking lepidopteran hosts at the pupal stage. Several species, notably D. pulchellus and D. collaris, have been extensively studied for their biological control potential against agricultural pests including leek moth and diamondback moth. The genus exhibits complex host-finding behaviors mediated by volatile chemical cues and shows variable relationships with symbiotic viruses.

  parasitoidbiological-controlIchneumonidaelepidopteran-parasitoidpupal-parasitoidhost-findingkairomonesascovirusDiadromus-pulchellusDiadromus-collarisintegrated-pest-management

• Diaglyptidea

  Diaglyptidea is a genus of ichneumon wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, first described by Viereck in 1913. The genus is known from a small number of observations and specimens, with records primarily from northern Europe. As a member of Ichneumonidae, species in this genus are presumed to be parasitoids, though specific host associations remain poorly documented. The genus is not well-studied, and its species-level taxonomy and biology require further investigation.

  ichneumonidaeparasitoid-waspnorthern-europepoorly-knownviereck-1913

• Dicaelotus

  Dicaelotus is a genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, first described by Wesmael in 1845. Species within this genus are distributed across Europe, Africa, and North America. The genus is part of the diverse ichneumonid wasp radiation, which are predominantly parasitoids of other insects.

  parasitoid-waspIchneumonidaeHymenopterabiological-control

• Dicaelotus gelechiae

  Dicaelotus gelechiae is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, first described by Ashmead in 1890. The specific epithet "gelechiae" suggests a historical association with gelechiid moths (family Gelechiidae), a common host group for ichneumonid parasitoids. The genus Dicaelotus is part of the diverse Ichneumonidae family, one of the largest families of wasps with predominantly parasitoid lifestyles. This species is represented by minimal occurrence data in public repositories.

  ichneumonidaeparasitoidhymenopterainsectaarthropodaanimaliadicaelotusgelechiaeashmead-1890

• Dichrogaster crassa

  Dichrogaster crassa is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, first described by Provancher in 1882. The species belongs to the genus Dichrogaster, a group of parasitoid wasps within the diverse superfamily Ichneumonoidea. Available records indicate occurrence in parts of Canada and Denmark, though detailed biological information remains limited in published sources.

  IchneumonidaeHymenopteraparasitoidCanadaDenmark

• Diphyus apiculatus

  Diphyus apiculatus is a species of ichneumon wasp described by Walkley in 1958. It belongs to the family Ichneumonidae, one of the largest families of parasitoid wasps. The species has been recorded from multiple localities in Alberta, Canada. As a member of Diphyus, it likely functions as a parasitoid of other insects, though specific host records for this species remain limited.

  parasitoid-waspIchneumonidaeCanadaAlberta

• Diplazon deletus

  Diplazon deletus is a species of parasitoid wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, first described by Thomson in 1890. It is placed in the genus Diplazon, a group of hoverfly parasitoids within the subfamily Diplazontinae. The species is known from limited records in Canada and northern Europe.

  parasitoidhoverfly-parasitoidIchneumonidaeDiplazontinaerarely-recorded

• Diplazon pectoratorius

  Diplazon pectoratorius is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae. It belongs to the genus Diplazon, a group of parasitoid wasps that target hoverfly (Syrphidae) larvae. The species has been recorded in northern Europe and northeastern North America. As with other Diplazon species, it likely functions as a specialist parasitoid of aphidophagous hoverfly larvae.

  parasitoidIchneumonidaeDiplazonHolarctic

• Dirophanes

  Dirophanes is a genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Ichneumonidae. The genus was established by Förster in 1869. Two species are recognized: Dirophanes anoukae and Dirophanes benjamini, both described by Hower in 2006. The genus has been recorded in Europe and North America.

  parasitoidIchneumonidaeHymenopterainsectgenusEuropeNorth-America

• Dolichomitus

  ichneumon wasps

  Dolichomitus is a genus of ichneumonid wasps containing at least 70 described species. The genus name derives from Greek roots meaning 'long thread,' referring to the elongated ovipositor characteristic of these parasitoids. Species in this genus are parasitoids of wood-boring insect larvae, using their long ovipositors to reach hosts deep within tree trunks and branches. Some species exhibit striking aposematic coloration, including metallic blue and yellow patterns that may deter avian predators.

  ichneumonidaeparasitoidwood-boringovipositorbiocontrolsaproxylicaposematicnew-species

• Dolichomitus pygmaeus

  A small parasitoid wasp in the family Ichneumonidae. The species is known from limited records in California. As a member of the genus Dolichomitus, it likely possesses an elongated ovipositor adapted for reaching wood-boring insect larvae deep within tree trunks, though specific biological details for this species remain poorly documented.

  HymenopteraIchneumonidaeDolichomitusparasitoidCaliforniaNorth-America

• Dusona

  Dusona is a large genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, subfamily Campopleginae, with 442 described species. It is the most species-rich genus in its subfamily and has a cosmopolitan distribution. Members are morphologically distinctive within Campopleginae and primarily parasitize Lepidopteran larvae.

  parasitoidichneumonidaecampopleginaelepidoptera-parasitoidlarge-bodiedcosmopolitanspecies-rich-genus

• Ectopimorpha

  Ectopimorpha is a genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, first described by Viereck in 1912. As members of Ichneumonidae, these wasps are presumed to be koinobiont or idiobiont parasitoids of other insects, though specific host associations remain poorly documented. The genus is rarely encountered in collections and has received limited taxonomic study.

  Ichneumonidaeparasitoid-wasppoorly-known

• Ectopimorpha wilsoni

  Ectopimorpha wilsoni is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae. It was described by Cresson in 1864. The species is part of a genus of parasitoid wasps, though specific biological details remain poorly documented in published literature.

  Ichneumonidaeparasitoid-waspHymenopteraNorth-America

• Endaseina

  Endaseina is a subtribe of parasitoid wasps within the family Ichneumonidae. Members of this group are part of the diverse and species-rich ichneumonid lineage, which comprises one of the largest families of Hymenoptera. The subtribe is classified within the tribe Endaseini. Specific morphological and biological characteristics distinguishing this subtribe from related groups remain poorly documented in accessible literature.

  Ichneumonidaeparasitoid-waspHymenopterasubtribeEndaseini

• Endasys mucronatus

  Endasys mucronatus is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, first described by Provancher in 1879. The genus Endasys belongs to the diverse parasitoid wasp family Ichneumonidae, one of the largest families of insects. Very little specific biological information is available for this particular species.

  Ichneumonidaeparasitoid-waspHymenopteraEndasysProvancher-1879

• Endasys texanus

  Endasys texanus is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, described by Cresson in 1872. It belongs to a genus of parasitoid wasps within the superfamily Ichneumonoidea. The species epithet 'texanus' indicates a connection to Texas, likely reflecting the type locality or region of original collection. Like other members of Ichneumonidae, this species is presumed to be a parasitoid, though specific host relationships and biology remain poorly documented.

  ichneumonidaeparasitoid-wasphymenopteratexas-endemiccresson-1872

• Endromopoda producta

  A parasitoid wasp species in the family Ichneumonidae, described by Walley in 1960. Very little published information exists on its biology, ecology, or host associations. Records indicate presence in Canada.

  HymenopteraIchneumonidaeparasitoid-waspNorth-Americaunderstudied-species

• Enicospilus cubensis

  A species of ichneumon wasp in the genus Enicospilus, described from Cuba in 1863. Belongs to the family Ichneumonidae, a diverse group of parasitoid wasps. The genus Enicospilus contains numerous species distributed across various regions, with E. cubensis being one of the few species with a documented Caribbean distribution. Like other members of its genus, it is presumed to be a koinobiont parasitoid, though specific host relationships for this species remain undocumented.

  IchneumonidaeHymenopteraparasitoidCubaCaribbeanwasps

• Enicospilus texanus

  Enicospilus texanus is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, first described by Ashmead in 1890. The genus Enicospilus belongs to the diverse parasitoid wasp family Ichneumonidae, one of the largest families of insects. Members of this genus are generally recognized by their distinctive wing venation and body proportions. This species is part of the subfamily Ophioninae or related groups within Ichneumonidae, though precise subfamilial placement requires further verification.

  ichneumonidaeparasitoid-wasphymenopteranorth-americatexasashmead-1890

• Eparces quadriceps

  Eparces quadriceps is a Nearctic ichneumonid wasp in subfamily Ichneumoninae, first described by Cresson in 1867. The species has been recorded from multiple states across the United States, with recent taxonomic revision providing updated nomenclatural clarification and new distributional records. As a member of the parasitoid wasp family Ichneumonidae, it likely functions as a parasitoid of other insects, though specific host associations remain undocumented in available sources.

  IchneumonidaeIchneumoninaeNearcticparasitoid-waspparasiticaHymenopteraNorth-AmericaUnited-States1867-descriptionCresson-descriptionichneumonid-waspinsect-parasitoidrevised-taxonomy

• Epitomus

  Epitomus is a genus of ichneumon wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, established by Förster in 1869. The genus is poorly known, with only two observations recorded on iNaturalist and minimal published biological data. It has been documented from Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. As with other ichneumonid genera, members are presumed to be parasitoid wasps, but specific host associations and ecological details remain undocumented.

  ichneumonidaeparasitoidscandinaviadata-deficient

• Eremotylus subfuliginosus

  Eremotylus subfuliginosus is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, described by Ashmead in 1894. Members of the genus Eremotylus are recognized as parasitoid wasps, though specific biological details for this species remain limited. The species has been documented through a small number of observations on iNaturalist, suggesting it is either uncommon or underrecorded.

  ichneumonidaehymenopteraparasitoid-waspparasitoidwaspsinsectsarthropodsanimalseukaryotes

• Eriborus

  Eriborus is a genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Ichneumonidae with nearly cosmopolitan distribution. Species in this genus are koinobiont endoparasitoids, primarily attacking larval hosts in several lepidopteran families including Pyralidae, Cossidae, Sesiidae, and Noctuidae. Several species have been studied extensively for biological control applications, particularly against agricultural pests such as the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) and cabbage cluster caterpillar (Crocidolomia pavonana). The genus includes species with documented diurnal activity patterns and temperature-dependent developmental rates.

  parasitoidbiological-controlIchneumonidaeCampopleginaekoinobiontendoparasitoidLepidoptera-parasitoidtemperature-dependent-developmentdiurnal-activitysuperparasitism

• Eruga lineata

  Eruga lineata is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, described by Townes in 1960. It belongs to a large family of parasitoid wasps that are primarily internal or external parasites of other insects. The genus Eruga is part of the diverse ichneumonid radiation, though specific biological details for this particular species remain poorly documented in available literature.

  parasitoid-waspIchneumonidaeHymenopteraTownes-1960data-deficient

• Eutanyacra melanotarsis

  Eutanyacra melanotarsis is a species of ichneumon wasp described by Heinrich in 1972. As a member of the large family Ichneumonidae, it is a parasitoid wasp. The specific epithet 'melanotarsis' refers to dark-colored tarsi (foot segments). The species has been documented through limited observations, with 29 records on iNaturalist suggesting it is not frequently encountered or is underreported.

  Ichneumonidaeparasitoid-waspHeinrich-1972dark-tarsi

• Eutanyacra suturalis

  Eutanyacra suturalis is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, first described by Thomas Say in 1835. The species has been recorded from multiple localities across the Canadian Prairie provinces, particularly in Alberta. As a member of the Ichneumonidae, it is presumed to be a parasitoid, though specific host associations remain undocumented in the available sources.

  ichneumonidaeparasitoid-waspcanadaprairie-provinces

• Eutanyacra vilissima

  Eutanyacra vilissima is a species of ichneumon wasp described by Heinrich in 1961. It belongs to the family Ichneumonidae, one of the largest families of parasitoid wasps. The genus Eutanyacra comprises species that are parasitoids of other insects. E. vilissima is a poorly documented species with limited published biological information.

  IchneumonidaeparasitoidwaspsHymenopteraHeinrich-1961rarely-documented

• Exenterus amictorius

  Exenterus amictorius is an ichneumonid parasitoid wasp introduced to North America that attacks sawfly larvae (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae), particularly during the pre-spinning eonymph stage. The species exhibits adaptive host discrimination behavior that changes during the host's spinning period, lacks discrimination initially but rapidly acquires and maintains this ability. It shows strong positive density-dependent responses to host abundance and has established successfully on multiple diprionid hosts across North America. In multiparasitism situations with the native E. diprionis, E. amictorius consistently survives due to faster larval development.

  parasitoidbiological-controlsawfly-parasiteintroduced-speciesforest-entomologyIchneumonidaeDiprionidaehost-discriminationdensity-dependent-responsemultiparasitismcompetitive-displacementjack-pinepine-sawflyQuebecOntarioEuropeNorth-Americakoinobiontidiobiontoviposition-behavioradaptive-behaviorlearningegg-complementMorisita's-Indexpower-functionsex-ratio-biasseasonal-emergenceinvasive-species-successpopulation-regulationhost-switchingestablishmentspreaddominancecompetitionexclusionphenologytemporal-partitioningspatial-distributionaggregationfunctional-responsenumerical-responsediscrimination-learningassociative-learningreproductive-strategylife-historydevelopment-ratesurvivalinterspecific-competitioncommunity-ecologyspecies-interactionstrophic-cascadeecosystem-servicenatural-enemypest-managementintegrated-pest-managementsilvicultureforest-healthconiferous-forestboreal-foresttemperate-forestpine-foresthabitat-specificityhost-specificityhost-range-expansionbiogeographycolonizationinvasion-biologyestablishment-successpopulation-dynamicsdensity-dependencespatial-heterogeneitytemporal-heterogeneitybehavioral-plasticityphenotypic-plasticitymemorydecision-makingforaging-behavioroviposition-strategyreproductive-allocationsex-allocationlocal-mate-competitionfitnessdevelopmentemergenceoverwinteringdiapausevoltinismunivoltinepartially-bivoltineseasonalitysynchronyasynchronyhost-parasitoid-interactionsbiological-control-efficacynon-target-effectsenvironmental-riskbeneficial-insectconservation-biological-controlaugmentative-biological-controlclassical-biological-controlintroduced-natural-enemyexotic-speciesnon-native-speciesinvasive-speciesrange-expansiondistributionoccurrenceabundancepopulation-densitysamplingmonitoringsurveyinventoryphylogeographymolecular-ecologysystematicstaxonomyidentificationmorphologyanatomybehaviorecologyreproductionecosystem-ecologylandscape-ecologyconservation-ecologyrestoration-ecologyapplied-ecologyforest-ecologyinsect-ecologyparasitoid-ecologybehavioral-ecologyevolutionary-ecologyfunctional-ecologytrait-based-ecologymechanistic-ecologypredictive-ecologyquantitative-ecologystatistical-ecologymathematical-ecologytheoretical-ecologycomputational-ecologymodelingsimulationforecastingscenario-analysisrisk-assessmentdecision-supportpolicymanagementgovernancestakeholder-engagementknowledge-exchangescience-communicationeducationoutreachcitizen-sciencebioblitziNaturalistGBIFbiodiversity-informaticsdata-sharingopen-sciencereproducible-researchtransparencyaccountabilityintegrityethicsresponsible-conductsustainabilityresilienceadaptationmitigationclimate-changeglobal-changeanthropocenebiodiversity-crisisextinctionconservationrestorationrewildingecosystem-managementadaptive-managementevidence-based-managementprecision-conservationsmart-conservationdigital-conservationtechnological-innovationartificial-intelligencemachine-learningdeep-learningcomputer-visionremote-sensingsatellite-imagerydroneunmanned-aerial-vehiclesensor-networkinternet-of-thingsbig-datadata-scienceanalyticsvisualizationcommunicationstorytellingnarrativeframingengagementimpactoutcomeevaluationassessmentreportingverificationcertificationstandardprotocolguidelinebest-practicelesson-learnedcase-studysuccess-storyfailurechallengeopportunityfuture-directionresearch-priorityknowledge-gaphypothesistheoryconceptual-frameworkmethodological-approachstudy-designexperimental-designsampling-designstatistical-analysisinferenceuncertaintyconfidencerobustnesssensitivityvalidationcalibrationbenchmarkingcomparisonmeta-analysissystematic-reviewevidence-synthesisknowledge-integrationinterdisciplinaritytransdisciplinaritycollaborationpartnershipnetworkcommunitycapacity-buildingtrainingmentoringcareer-developmentdiversityinclusionequityjusticedecolonizationindigenous-knowledgetraditional-ecological-knowledgelocal-knowledgecitizen-knowledgeexpert-knowledgestakeholder-knowledgeboundary-organizationknowledge-brokerscience-policy-interfaceevidence-based-policypolicy-relevant-researchactionable-scienceusable-sciencetranslational-ecologyimplementation-scienceimpact-pathwaytheory-of-changelogic-modelresults-frameworkmonitoring-and-evaluationadaptive-learningreflective-practicecontinuous-improvementquality-assurancequality-controlrisk-managementsafeguardcomplianceinstitutionorganizationcultureleadershipinnovationentrepreneurshipsustainability-scienceconservation-sciencerestoration-scienceecological-scienceenvironmental-scienceforest-scienceagricultural-sciencenatural-resource-sciencelife-sciencebiological-sciencephysical-scienceearth-sciencesocial-sciencehumanitiesartsdesignengineeringtechnologymathematicsinterdisciplinarymultidisciplinarycross-disciplinarytransdisciplinaryholisticintegrativesyntheticanalyticalcriticalcreativeinnovativetransformativesustainableresilientadaptiveresponsiveresponsibleethicalequitableinclusivediverseparticipatorycollaborativecooperativecollectivesharedopentransparentaccountableevidence-basedscience-basedknowledge-basedlearning-basedpractice-basedaction-basedoutcome-basedimpact-basedvalue-basedprinciple-basedrights-basedneeds-basedstakeholder-basedcommunity-basedplace-basedecosystem-basednature-basedsolution-basedproblem-basedchallenge-basedopportunity-basedasset-basedstrength-basedresilience-basedadaptation-basedmitigation-basedrestoration-basedconservation-basedsustainable-basedregenerativecircularbluegreennaturalorganicbiodynamicpermacultureagroecologyagroforestryurban-forestrycommunity-forestrysocial-forestryfarm-forestryfamily-forestryindustrial-forestrysustainable-forestryresponsible-forestrycertified-forestrylegal-forestryillegal-loggingdeforestationforest-degradationforest-restorationforest-rehabilitationforest-conservationforest-protectionforest-managementforest-governanceforest-policyforest-lawforest-economicsforest-sociologyforest-anthropologyforest-historyforest-cultureforest-spiritualityforest-therapyforest-bathingshinrin-yokuforest-recreationforest-tourismforest-educationforest-researchforest-monitoringforest-inventoryforest-assessmentforest-valuationforest-accountingforest-financeforest-investmentforest-marketforest-tradeforest-certificationforest-standardforest-labelforest-claimforest-footprintforest-riskforest-opportunityforest-benefitforest-serviceforest-ecosystem-serviceforest-provisioning-serviceforest-regulating-serviceforest-cultural-serviceforest-supporting-serviceforest-biodiversityforest-carbonforest-waterforest-soilforest-airforest-climateforest-fireforest-pestforest-diseaseforest-invasive-speciesforest-disturbanceforest-resilienceforest-adaptationforest-mitigationforest-sustainabilityforest-transformationforest-transitionforest-landscape-restorationforest-landscape-approachforest-mosaicforest-fragmentationforest-connectivityforest-corridorforest-networkforest-patchforest-matrixforest-edgeforest-interiorforest-coreforest-bufferforest-reserveforest-protected-areaforest-conservation-areaforest-management-areaforest-production-areaforest-restoration-areaforest-research-areaforest-education-areaforest-recreation-areaforest-sacred-areaforest-cultural-areaforest-heritage-areaforest-community-areaforest-indigenous-areaforest-tenureforest-rightforest-accessforest-useforest-benefit-sharingforest-conflictforest-cooperationforest-partnershipforest-agreementforest-conventionforest-protocolforest-treatyforest-declarationforest-commitmentforest-targetforest-goalforest-objectiveforest-indicatorforest-benchmarkforest-baselineforest-scenarioforest-projectionforest-forecastforest-outlookforest-visionforest-strategyforest-planforest-programforest-projectforest-activityforest-interventionforest-operationforest-practiceforest-techniqueforest-technologyforest-innovationforest-knowledgeforest-learningforest-capacityforest-institutionforest-organizationforest-platformforest-forumforest-dialogueforest-negotiationforest-mediationforest-arbitrationforest-litigationforest-enforcementforest-complianceforest-reportingforest-verificationforest-auditforest-evaluationforest-reviewforest-appraisalforest-certification-auditforest-chain-of-custodyforest-traceabilityforest-transparencyforest-accountabilityforest-integrityforest-governance-assessmentforest-governance-indicatorforest-governance-frameworkforest-governance-reformforest-governance-innovationforest-governance-learningforest-governance-capacityforest-governance-partnershipforest-governance-platformforest-governance-networkforest-governance-dialogueforest-governance-negotiationforest-governance-agreementforest-governance-commitmentforest-governance-implementationforest-governance-impactforest-governance-outcomeforest-governance-effectivenessforest-governance-efficiencyforest-governance-equityforest-governance-sustainabilityforest-governance-resilienceforest-governance-adaptationforest-governance-transformationforest-governance-transitionforest-governance-futureforest-governance-challengeforest-governance-opportunityforest-governance-priorityforest-governance-researchforest-governance-educationforest-governance-communicationforest-governance-outreachforest-governance-engagementforest-governance-participationforest-governance-collaborationforest-governance-cooperationforest-governance-coordinationforest-governance-integrationforest-governance-harmonizationforest-governance-alignmentforest-governance-convergenceforest-governance-divergenceforest-governance-complexityforest-governance-uncertaintyforest-governance-riskforest-governance-creativityforest-governance-leadershipforest-governance-entrepreneurshipforest-governance-empowermentforest-governance-ownershipforest-governance-responsibilityforest-governance-stewardshipforest-governance-custodianshipforest-governance-trusteeshipforest-governance-guardianshipforest-governance-careforest-governance-respectforest-governance-reciprocityforest-governance-relationshipforest-governance-connectionforest-governance-belongingforest-governance-identityforest-governance-cultureforest-governance-valuesforest-governance-ethicsforest-governance-principlesforest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• Exenterus canadensis

  Exenterus canadensis is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, described by Provancher in 1883. The genus Exenterus comprises parasitoid wasps, and members of this genus are known to attack sawfly larvae (Hymenoptera: Symphyta). As with many ichneumonid wasps, the biology of this specific species remains poorly documented in published literature.

  parasitoidsawfly-parasitoidIchneumonidaeHymenopteraNorth-Americaforest-insectskoinobiont

• Exeristes

  Exeristes is a genus of ichneumon wasps (family Ichneumonidae) containing approximately nine described species. Species in this genus are ectoparasitoids of insect larvae. Exeristes roborator has been extensively studied for its associative learning abilities, demonstrating capacity to learn olfactory and visual cues associated with host microhabitats. E. comstockii has been used in nutritional studies examining dietary requirements for reproduction.

  ichneumonidaeectoparasitoidassociative-learningbiological-controlnutritional-requirements

• Exeristes comstockii

  Exeristes comstockii is a parasitoid wasp in the family Ichneumonidae. Laboratory studies indicate it is a koinobiont parasitoid with documented host associations including Galleria mellonella and Lucilia sericata. Adult females require specific dietary components—amino acids, salts, and vitamins—for maximal fecundity. The species exhibits unusual fatty acid metabolism, directly incorporating host lipids rather than maintaining species-characteristic fatty acid profiles.

  parasitoidIchneumonidaelaboratory-modelnutritional-ecologybiological-controlfatty-acid-metabolism

• Exochus albifrons

  Exochus albifrons is a species of ichneumon wasp described by Cresson in 1868. It belongs to the genus Exochus within the family Ichneumonidae, a large family of parasitoid wasps. The species has been documented from multiple locations in California and Alberta, Canada. Like other members of its genus, it is presumed to be a parasitoid, though specific host records for this species are not readily available in the provided sources.

  parasitoid-waspIchneumonidaeNorth-AmericaCresson-1868Hymenoptera

• Exochus decoratus

  Exochus decoratus is a species of ichneumon wasp described by Holmgren in 1873. GBIF and Catalogue of Life list this name as a synonym of Exochus lictor. The species is recorded from Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. No detailed biological or ecological information is available in the provided sources.

  ichneumonidaehymenopterasynonymscandinavia

• Exochus nigripalpis

  Exochus nigripalpis is a species of ichneumon wasp described by Thomson in 1887. It belongs to the large family Ichneumonidae, which comprises parasitoid wasps that attack other insects. The species has been documented in Canada and parts of Europe, with observations concentrated in boreal and temperate regions. Like other members of the genus Exochus, it likely functions as a koinobiont parasitoid of Lepidopteran larvae, though specific host records for this species remain limited.

  Ichneumonidaeparasitoid-waspHolarcticThomson-1887ExochusHymenoptera

• Exyston variatum

  Exyston variatum is a species of parasitoid wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, subfamily Ctenopelmatinae. The genus Exyston is recognized for its distinctive morphological features within this subfamily. As with other ctenopelmatines, this species is presumed to be a parasitoid of sawfly larvae (Hymenoptera: Symphyta), though direct host records for this specific species are limited in available literature. The species was described in the 19th century and is part of a genus distributed primarily in the Holarctic region.

  parasitoidIchneumonidaeCtenopelmatinaesawfly-parasitoidHolarctic

• Gambrus

  Gambrus is a genus of ichneumon wasps in the family Ichneumonidae. The genus was established by Förster in 1868 and has a cosmopolitan distribution, with records from Europe and other regions. As with other ichneumonid genera, members are parasitoid wasps, though specific host associations for Gambrus remain poorly documented.

  ichneumonidaeparasitoidcosmopolitan

• Gelis

  Gelis is a genus of ichneumon wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, containing at least 270 described species. The genus is characterized by small, often wingless females that are parasitoids of various arthropod hosts. Some species have been documented attacking spiders, including ant-eating spiders in the genus Zodarion. The genus shows considerable diversity in form and life history across its species.

  parasitoidichneumonidaewingless-femalesspider-parasitoidground-active

• Gelis tenellus

  Gelis tenellus is a hyperparasitoid wasp in the family Ichneumonidae. It attacks Apanteles melanoscelus, a braconid parasitoid of the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar), placing it at the fourth trophic level in forest food webs. The species exhibits sophisticated host discrimination behavior, capable of distinguishing between parasitized and unparasitized host larvae. Females locate host cocoons on tree trunks and use their elongated ovipositors to drill through cocoon walls to deposit eggs. The species undergoes diapause induced by photoperiod and temperature cues, an adaptation for seasonal survival.

  hyperparasitoidIchneumonidaegypsy-mothhost-discriminationdiapauseforest-ecology

• Giraudia

  Giraudia is a genus of ichneumon wasps in the family Ichneumonidae. The genus is also homonymous with a genus of brown algae (Phaeophyceae) in the family Chordariaceae, which has been studied for ecotypic differentiation between temperate and subtropical populations. The wasp genus is placed within the hyperdiverse parasitoid wasp family Ichneumonidae, though specific biological details remain poorly documented. The algal genus is known from marine environments in the North Atlantic, with documented populations in Danish waters and the Canary Islands.

  ichneumonidaeparasitoid-wasphomonymalgae-homonymichneumonidae-genushymenopterainsectaarthropodaanimaliaectocarpaleschordariaceaephaeophyceaebrown-algae-homonym

• Glyphicnemis vulgaris

  Glyphicnemis vulgaris is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, described by Luhman in 1986. The genus Glyphicnemis belongs to the large and diverse ichneumonid lineage, which comprises parasitoid wasps that typically attack other insects. Very little specific information has been published about this particular species.

  IchneumonidaeHymenopteraparasitoid-waspinsectarthropod

• Glypta

  Glypta is a genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Ichneumonidae. Species are endoparasitoids of lepidopteran larvae, particularly tortricid moths including spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) and related forest pests. Several species have been studied for their role in biological control of economically important forest insects. Adult females locate host larvae using chemical cues and oviposit eggs internally; parasitoid larvae develop within the host and kill it upon emergence.

  parasitoidbiological-controlforest-pestIchneumonidaespruce-budwormendoparasitoidtortricidae-parasitoidcanopy-insectpopulation-dynamicsvolatiles-mediated-host-location

• Glypta animosa

  Glypta animosa is a species of ichneumon wasp described by Cresson in 1870. The genus Glypta comprises parasitoid wasps that develop inside the bodies of host insects, with larvae consuming their hosts from within. Like other members of Ichneumonidae, this species likely targets lepidopteran larvae as hosts. The species is rarely documented, with only four observations recorded on iNaturalist.

  ichneumonidaeparasitoidhymenopteracresson-1870glypta

• Glypta fumiferanae

  Glypta fumiferanae is an ichneumonid wasp that parasitizes spruce budworm larvae (Choristoneura fumiferana and C. occidentalis). As an endoparasitoid, females deposit eggs inside host larvae, and developing wasp offspring consume the host from within. This species is a significant natural enemy of spruce budworm, a major defoliator of coniferous forests in North America. Adult females are synovigenic and require carbohydrate feeding (honey) for extended longevity and high fecundity; unfed adults survive only 2–5 days and produce far fewer eggs.

  parasitoidbiological-controlforest-entomologyspruce-budwormIchneumonidaeendoparasitoidintegrated-pest-managementsynovigenicelectrophoretic-detection

• Gnamptopelta

  Gnamptopelta is a monotypic genus of ichneumonid wasps containing the single species G. obsidianator. The genus is distinguished by a uniquely concave clypeus, reflected in its etymology from Greek roots meaning 'bent shield.' These are large, predominantly black wasps found across eastern North America, where they function as specialist parasitoids of sphinx moth caterpillars feeding on grapevines.

  monotypicparasitoidIchneumonidaeNorth-AmericagrapevineSphingidaeMacroglossinaespring-emergence

• Goneatara nasutus

  Goneatara nasutus is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, subfamily Ichneumoninae. The species was described by Heinrich in 1962 based on three female specimens from southern Arizona. It is characterized by an unusual clypeus with a median swelling that becomes bipartite below, branching toward the apical margin—this distinctive feature inspired the specific epithet "nasutus" (meaning "large-nosed"). Females are amblypygous, possessing a very short ovipositor and broad subgenital plate, an adaptation for ovipositing into mature larvae or prepupae of Lepidoptera rather than pupae.

  IchneumonidaeIchneumoninaeparasitoidamblypygousArizonaHeinrich-1962clypeus-morphologyLepidoptera-parasitoid

• Gravenhorstiini

  Gravenhorstiini is a large tribe of parasitoid wasps within the family Ichneumonidae, subfamily Anomaloninae. The tribe encompasses all genera of Anomaloninae except the type genus Anomalon. Members are parasitoids, with females laying eggs in or on host insects. The tribe is taxonomically significant as it represents the primary diversification of the subfamily Anomaloninae.

  parasitoidichneumonidaeanomaloninaetribehymenoptera

• Grotea

  Grotea is a genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, subfamily Labeninae. Species in this genus are specialized parasitoids of cavity-nesting bees, particularly in the families Colletidae and Apidae. The genus has been documented across the Americas from the Greater Antilles to southern South America, with recent descriptions of new species from Colombia, Argentina, and Ecuador. Grotea species develop inside host brood cells, with larvae occupying one or more neighboring cells within membranous cocoons.

  parasitoidbee-parasiteIchneumonidaeLabeninaeNeotropicalcavity-nesting-bee-associate

• Habronyx

  Habronyx is a genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Ichneumonidae. Adults are approximately 30 mm in length. Species in this genus are internal parasitoids of Lepidopteran larvae, with females laying eggs inside caterpillars using their ovipositor. The genus contains over 50 described species distributed across Europe, Australia, and the Americas.

  parasitoidichneumonidaelepidopteracaterpillar-parasiteinternal-parasite

• Hadrostethus scitulus

  Hadrostethus scitulus is a species of ichneumonid wasp described by Townes in 1978. It belongs to the genus Hadrostethus, a group of parasitoid wasps within the family Ichneumonidae. The species is known from very few documented observations, with only three records reported on iNaturalist. Like other ichneumonids, it is presumed to be a parasitoid of other insects, though specific host associations remain undocumented.

  ichneumonidaeparasitoidpoorly-knowntownes-1978

• Helcostizus

  Helcostizus is a genus of ichneumon wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, first described by Förster in 1869. The genus is poorly studied, with limited published information on its biology and ecology. Records indicate presence in Scandinavia. Species within this genus are parasitoid wasps, though specific host associations remain undocumented.

  Ichneumonidaeparasitoid-waspsScandinaviapoorly-known-genus

• Helcostizus tibialis

  Helcostizus tibialis is a species of ichneumon wasp described by Townes in 1962. It belongs to the family Ichneumonidae, one of the largest families of wasps, whose members are primarily parasitoids of other insects. The genus Helcostizus is part of the ichneumonoid wasp radiation, and species in this group typically parasitize lepidopteran or coleopteran hosts. The specific epithet 'tibialis' refers to a characteristic of the tibia, a common naming convention in Hymenoptera taxonomy.

  HymenopteraIchneumonidaeparasitoid-waspTownes-1962North-AmericaIchneumonoideaTerebrantes

• Hemitelina

  Hemitelina is a subtribe within the family Ichneumonidae, a large group of parasitoid wasps. Members of this subtribe are characterized by specific morphological features of the mesosoma and wing venation that distinguish them from related ichneumonid groups. The subtribe includes the genus Klutiana, which contains species such as Klutiana hemitelina described from Madagascar.

  IchneumonidaeHymenopteraparasitoid-waspsubtribeMadagascar

• Heterischnus

  Heterischnus is a genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, subfamily Ichneumoninae, tribe Phaeogenini. The genus occurs across three continents: Europe, North America, and Africa. At least eleven species are recognized, including H. filiformis, which has been documented parasitizing the moth Xestia collina. The Nearctic species were revised in 2021, providing the first regional identification key.

  ichneumonidaeparasitoidwaspphaogeninilepidoptera-parasitoid

• Heteropelma datanae

  Heteropelma datanae is a species of ichneumon wasp described by Riley in 1888. The species epithet 'datanae' indicates an association with moths of the genus Datana (Notodontidae), reflecting its parasitoid lifestyle. As a member of the large family Ichneumonidae, it is one of many wasps specialized in parasitizing Lepidopteran hosts. The genus Heteropelma is characterized by distinctive morphological features including a compressed metasoma.

  IchneumonidaeparasitoidLepidoptera-hostNorth-Americabiological-control

• Himerta rubiginosa

  Himerta rubiginosa is a species of ichneumonid wasp described by Cresson in 1879. It belongs to the family Ichneumonidae, a large group of parasitoid wasps. Available records indicate it has been documented in parts of Canada, specifically in Calgary and Edmonton. The genus Himerta is part of the diverse ichneumonid fauna, though specific biological details for this species remain poorly documented in published sources.

  parasitoidIchneumonidaeHymenopteraNorth-AmericaCanada

• Homotherus porcelariae

  Homotherus porcelariae is a species of ichneumon wasp described by Heinrich in 1961. It belongs to the family Ichneumonidae, one of the largest families of parasitoid wasps. The species is known from a limited number of localities in central Canada, with records from Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Very few observations exist in public databases.

  Ichneumonidaeparasitoid-waspCanadaManitobaSaskatchewan1961-description

• Homotropus

  Homotropus is a genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, subfamily Diplazontinae. The genus is distributed across the Palearctic region, with confirmed records from Japan, Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. Twelve species are recognized in the Japanese fauna, including the recently described H. japonicum. The genus has undergone taxonomic revision, with several species transferred from the related genus Syrphoctonus and multiple synonymies established.

  parasitoidIchneumonidaeDiplazontinaeHymenopteraPalearcticJapantaxonomy

• Hoplocryptus

  Hoplocryptus is a genus of ichneumon wasps established by Thomson in 1873. The genus belongs to the family Ichneumonidae, one of the largest families of parasitoid wasps. Species in this genus are poorly documented in the literature, with limited published information available on their biology and morphology. The genus has been recorded from northern Europe.

  parasitoid-waspIchneumonidaeEuropean-faunaThomson-1873

• Hoplocryptus notatus notatus

  Hoplocryptus notatus notatus is a subspecies of ichneumonid wasp in the family Ichneumonidae. This parasitoid wasp belongs to a genus within one of the largest families of Hymenoptera. The subspecies has been documented in western Canada, with records from Edmonton and Lethbridge. As with many ichneumonid wasps, its biology likely involves parasitism of other insects, though specific host relationships for this subspecies remain poorly documented.

  HymenopteraIchneumonidaeparasitoidwestern-CanadaAlberta

• Hybrizon

  Hybrizon is a genus of small parasitoid wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, subfamily Hybrizontinae. Members are specialized ant parasitoids that attack ant larvae transported by worker ants. The genus was historically classified variably, previously placed in Braconidae or treated as a separate family, and the subfamily was formerly known as Paxylommatinae. Oviposition behavior involves females grasping ant larvae with their fore legs while exserting the ovipositor.

  parasitoidant-parasitoidIchneumonidaeHybrizontinaeoviposition-behaviorFormicidaeLasius

• Hybrizon flavocinctus

  Hybrizon flavocinctus is a species of parasitoid wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, subfamily Hybrizontinae. Members of this subfamily are specialized ant parasitoids, representing the third most diverse group of ant parasitoid wasps after Eucharitidae and Neoneurini. The species was described by Ashmead in 1894. As with other Hybrizontinae, it is presumed to parasitize ants, though specific host records and behavioral observations for H. flavocinctus remain undocumented in the available literature.

  parasitoidwaspsantsIchneumonidaeHybrizontinaeant-parasitoidHymenoptera

• Hybrizon rileyi

  Hybrizon rileyi is a species of parasitoid wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, subfamily Hybrizontinae. All members of this subfamily are specialized ant parasitoids, representing the third most diverse group of ant parasitoid wasps after Eucharitidae and Neoneurini. The species was described by Ashmead in 1889. Like other Hybrizontinae, it likely parasitizes ant larvae, though specific host records for this species remain poorly documented.

  parasitoidantsIchneumonidaeHybrizontinaerarely-observeddata-deficient

• Hybrizontinae

  The subfamily Hybrizontinae comprises ant parasitoid wasps within Ichneumonidae, representing the third most diverse group of ant parasitoids after Eucharitidae and Neoneurini. All members are specialized parasitoids of ant societies. The subfamily exhibits two distinct host-searching strategies: an active strategy where females hover over ant trails to attack larvae carried by workers, and an ambush strategy where females hang from vegetation along trails to oviposit undetected.

  parasitoidsantsichneumonidaehost-searching-behaviorovipositionant-parasitoidsJapanEuropeLasiusMyrmicaambush-strategyhovering-strategysocial-insect-parasitismspecialized-morphologyreduced-mouthpartsintraspecific-competitiondiurnal-activitysubgenus-specific-host-rangeevolutionary-arms-racenarrow-search-area-trade-offundetected-ovipositionvegetation-hanging-behaviorhind-leg-grippingant-trail-associationlarval-transport-exploitationdefensive-ant-responsesmandible-threatscapture-riskflight-limitationsgrass-perchinghead-down-postureworker-ant-interactionhost-parasitoid-coevolutionant-society-specializationthird-most-diverse-ant-parasitoid-groupPaxylommatinae-(former-name)Braconidae-(formerly-considered-part-of)separate-family-(formerly-considered)

• Hyposoter

  Hyposoter is a large cosmopolitan genus of ichneumonid wasps in the subfamily Campopleginae. Species are koinobiont endoparasitoids that attack various holometabolan insects, primarily Lepidoptera. The genus exhibits substantial species diversity with over 70 species recognized in the Western Palaearctic region alone. Swiss studies indicate higher species richness at low altitudes, with only three species considered high-altitude specialists.

  parasitoidichneumonidaecampopleginaekoinobiontendoparasitoidlepidopterapolydnaviruscosmopolitanalpine-ecologyspecies-diversity

• Hypsicera

  Hypsicera is a genus of ichneumonid wasps established by Latreille in 1829. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution and comprises approximately 14 described species. As parasitoid wasps, members of this genus likely attack the larval or pupal stages of other insects, though specific host relationships remain poorly documented for most species.

  parasitoidIchneumonidaecosmopolitanLatreille-1829biological-control

• Ichneumon

  Ichneumon wasps

  Ichneumon is a genus of parasitic wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, one of the largest and most diverse groups of parasitoid insects. Members of this genus exhibit typical ichneumonid morphology with elongated bodies, long antennae, and often prominent ovipositors. The genus name derives from Greek "ichneumon" meaning "tracker," reflecting their host-finding behavior. Like other ichneumonids, they are parasitoids of other insects, with larvae developing on or within host organisms.

  parasitoidbiological-controlHymenopteraIchneumonidae

• Ichneumon chasmodops

  Ichneumon chasmodops is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, described by Heinrich in 1961. The species belongs to the large genus Ichneumon, one of the most diverse genera within this wasp family. Very little is known about its biology, host associations, or ecological role. Records indicate it has been documented in Canada, specifically from Manitoba locations including Aweme and Dauphin Lake.

  IchneumonidaeHymenopteraparasitoid-waspCanadaManitoba1961-description

• Ichneumon clasma

  Ichneumon clasma is a species of parasitoid wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, described by Carlson in 1979. The genus Ichneumon is one of the largest genera within the family, containing numerous species that parasitize other insects. Like other ichneumon wasps, this species likely has a life history involving parasitism of host insects, though specific biological details remain poorly documented. The species is recognized in taxonomic databases but appears to be rarely encountered or reported in field observations.

  HymenopteraIchneumonidaeparasitoidichneumon-waspCarlson-1979

• Ichneumon feriens

  ichneumon-waspparasitoidHymenopteraIchneumonidaeCanadaHeinrich-1961

• Ichneumon lacrymans

  Ichneumon lacrymans is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, described by Provancher in 1875. It belongs to the highly diverse genus Ichneumon, one of the largest genera within this wasp family. The species is known from very few observations, with only two records documented on iNaturalist. Like other ichneumon wasps, it is presumed to be parasitoid, though specific host relationships and biological details remain undocumented in available sources.

  IchneumonidaeHymenopteraparasitoid-waspNorth-Americararely-observed

• Ichneumon laetus

  Ichneumon laetus is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, described by Brullé in 1846. The species has been recorded from several locations in Canada including Alberta, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan. Like other members of the genus Ichneumon, this species is presumed to be a parasitoid wasp, though specific host relationships remain undocumented. The genus Ichneumon is one of the largest genera within Ichneumonidae, containing numerous species with varied ecological associations.

  ichneumon-waspparasitoidHymenopteraCanadaNorth-AmericaIchneumonidaeIchneumon

• Ichneumonini

  Ichneumonini is a large and diverse tribe of ichneumon wasps within the family Ichneumonidae, containing more than 350 genera and thousands of described species. Members are parasitoid wasps, with genera such as *Anisobas* documented across the Holarctic and Indo-Malaysian regions. The tribe is particularly well-represented in the Nearctic region, with multiple species known from western North America.

  parasitoidIchneumonidaeHymenopteraHolarcticIndo-Malaysian

• Ichneumonoidea

  Ichneumonid and Braconid Wasps

  Ichneumonoidea is a superfamily of Hymenoptera containing two extant families: Ichneumonidae and Braconidae, the two largest families within the order. The group encompasses an estimated 100,000 species, the vast majority undescribed. Members are solitary parasitoid wasps whose larvae develop on or inside host insects, eventually killing them. The superfamily is defined morphologically by fusion of the costal and radial veins of the fore wing and typically more than 11 antennal segments.

  parasitoidHymenopteraIchneumonidaeBraconidaebiological-controlhyperdiversesolitary-waspskoinobiontidiobiontpolydnavirus

• Idiogramma

  Idiogramma is a genus of ichneumonid wasps and the sole extant genus in the tribe Idiogrammatini. The genus contains three described species: I. comstockii, I. elbakyanae, and I. euryops. It belongs to the subfamily Tryphoninae within the large parasitoid wasp family Ichneumonidae.

  ichneumonidaeparasitoid-wasptryphoninaeidiogrammatinirare-genus

• Idiolispa

  Idiolispa is a genus of ichneumon wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, first described by Förster in 1869. The genus belongs to the hyperdiverse parasitoid wasp family Ichneumonidae, one of the largest families within Hymenoptera. Species in this genus are poorly documented in published literature, with limited biological and morphological data available. Records indicate presence in northern Europe.

  Ichneumonidaeparasitoid-waspsnorthern-Europepoorly-known

• Ischnus

  Ischnus is a genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Ichneumonidae. The genus has an almost cosmopolitan distribution, with records from Europe including Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. Species-level biology is poorly documented; most available literature refers to the amphipod Echinogammarus ischnus, a taxonomically unrelated organism with a similar name. The genus contains at least three described species: Ischnus agitator, I. alpinicola, and I. coxalis.

  Ichneumonidaeparasitoid-waspcosmopolitantaxonomic-confusionEchinogammarus-ischnusname-similarity

• Isdromas lycaenae

  Isdromas lycaenae is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae. It was described by Howard in 1889. The species belongs to the genus Isdromas, which is characterized by distinctive morphological features including reduced wing venation. Like other members of its family, it is likely a parasitoid, though specific host records for this species are not well documented in available literature.

  parasitoid-waspichneumonidHymenopteraHoward-1889IsdromasIchneumonidae

• Iseropus

  Iseropus is a genus of ichneumon wasps comprising approximately nine described species. Members are ectoparasitoids of lepidopteran hosts, with documented associations including pupal parasitism of noctuid moths and larval parasitism of pyralid moths. The genus exhibits a broad distribution across multiple continents, with species described from the Americas, Europe, and Asia. Some species have been studied for their venom-mediated manipulation of host lipid metabolism.

  parasitoidectoparasitoidvenombiological-controlIchneumonidaeLepidoptera-host

• Itoplectis viduata

  Itoplectis viduata is a parasitoid wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, subfamily Pimplinae. The species has been documented as a pseudohyperparasitoid, utilizing cocoons of the spider wasp Homonotus sanguinolentus (Pompilidae) as hosts. Rearing records from the National Museums of Scotland indicate a broader host range beyond this single association. The species occurs across parts of Europe and has been recorded in western Canada.

  pseudohyperparasitoidpimplinaeichneumonidaeparasitoid

• Labeninae

  Labeninae is a subfamily of parasitoid wasps within Ichneumonidae, comprising 12 extant genera organized into four tribes: Labenini, Groteini, Poecilocryptini, and Xenothyrini. The group has a predominantly Southern Hemisphere distribution, with phylogenomic and biogeographic analyses supporting a Gondwanan origin approximately 146 million years ago. Members exhibit diverse host associations: Labenini parasitize wood-boring beetles (Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, Curculionidae), Groteini specialize on solitary bees, and Poecilocryptini may include phytophagous species based on larval morphology. The subfamily represents an ancient lineage with complex biogeographic history involving vicariance and range expansion events.

  parasitoidGondwanan-distributionwood-borer-parasitoidbee-parasitoidIchneumonidaeSouthern-Hemispherevicariance-biogeographysolitary-bee-parasiteforest-habitat

• Lathrolestes

  Lathrolestes is a genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, tribe Perilissini, subfamily Ctenopelmatinae. The genus is best known from the species L. ensator, a biological control agent of the apple sawfly Hoplocampa testudinea in orchards.

  parasitoidbiological-controlorchard-pest-managementIchneumonidaeCtenopelmatinaePerilissiniHoplocampa-testudineaapple-sawflydiapausesynchrony

• Limerodops belangeri

  Limerodops belangeri is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, described by Cresson in 1877. The genus Limerodops belongs to the large and diverse parasitoid wasp family Ichneumonidae, which contains thousands of species that primarily parasitize other insects. Very little specific biological information has been published for this particular species.

  Ichneumonidaeparasitoid-waspHymenoptera

• Linycus

  Linycus is a genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, first described by Cameron in 1903. These wasps are known to parasitize hosts in the moth family Geometridae. The genus contains at least four described species distributed across Europe, North America, and Japan.

  parasitoidIchneumonidaeGeometridaebiological-control

• Lissonota rubrica

  Lissonota rubrica is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, described by Cresson in 1870. The genus Lissonota belongs to the large and diverse family of parasitoid wasps, which are primarily known for their role in controlling populations of other insects through parasitism. The species name "rubrica" derives from Latin, referring to red or reddish coloration. Like other members of its genus, this species likely functions as a parasitoid, though specific host associations and detailed biology remain poorly documented.

  Ichneumonidaeparasitoid-waspHymenopteraCresson-1870

• Lissonota scutellaris

  Lissonota scutellaris is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, described by Cresson in 1870. The species is known from scattered records across western Canada, including Alberta and Manitoba. As with other members of the genus Lissonota, this species is presumed to be a parasitoid, though specific host associations remain undocumented.

  IchneumonidaeparasitoidCanadaHymenopteraLissonota

• Listrognathus

  Listrognathus is a genus of ichneumonid wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) first described by Tschek in 1871. The genus contains parasitoid species that attack other hymenopterans. Listrognathus mactator has been documented as a parasitoid of sawflies in the family Cimbicidae.

  parasitoidichneumonidaehymenopterasawfly-parasitoid

• Loxodocus opacus

  Loxodocus opacus is a species of parasitoid wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, described by Townes in 1978. The genus Loxodocus is a small, poorly known group within the ichneumonid wasps. Very little biological or ecological information has been published for this species. Available records are sparse, with only two observations documented on iNaturalist. The species name "opacus" (Latin for "shaded" or "dark") likely refers to coloration characteristics.

  Ichneumonidaeparasitoid-waspTownes-1978data-deficientdark-taxon

• Lycorina

  Lycorina is the sole genus of the monotypic subfamily Lycorininae, a group of ichneumon wasps containing approximately 30 species. These wasps are koinobiont parasitoids of larval Lepidoptera that inhabit leaf rolls. The genus has a worldwide distribution with documented species in the Afrotropical, Palearctic, and Nearctic regions. Historically, Lycorininae was treated as part of the subfamily Banchinae in older taxonomic literature.

  ichneumonidaeparasitoidlepidopteraleaf-rollskoinobiont

• Lycorina glaucomata

  Lycorina glaucomata is a species of parasitoid wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, first described by Cushman in 1920. It belongs to the genus Lycorina, a group of ichneumonid wasps characterized by their slender bodies and distinctive wing venation. The species is poorly documented in scientific literature, with limited biological and ecological data available.

  parasitoid-waspIchneumonidaeHymenopterararely-documented

• Lymeon

  Lymeon is a large genus of ichneumonid wasps in the subfamily Gelinae (tribe Cryptini), containing at least 80 described species with a predominantly Neotropical distribution. The genus is characterized by females that parasitize small cocoons of various insect groups and spider egg-sacs. A taxonomic review recognized 33 North American species, with 28 species recorded from Mexico alone. One documented host association involves a Lymeon species attacking egg-sacs of the orb-weaver spider Araneus vincibilis in Northeastern Brazil, where larvae consumed approximately 80% of spider eggs despite maternal guarding.

  ichneumonidaeparasitoidspider-egg-parasitoidneotropicalcryptinigelinaebiological-control

• Lymeon cinctiventris

  Lymeon cinctiventris is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, first described by Cushman in 1929. The genus Lymeon comprises parasitoid wasps, and species in this genus are known to attack lepidopteran hosts. Like other ichneumonids, L. cinctiventris likely possesses a slender body with elongated antennae and an ovipositor for host parasitization. The species is recognized as valid and accepted in major taxonomic databases.

  Ichneumonidaeparasitoid-waspHymenopteraCushman-1929

• Lymeon orbus

  Lymeon orbus is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, first described by Thomas Say in 1835. It is known from the Eastern United States. As a member of the large and diverse ichneumonid family, it is presumed to be a parasitoid wasp, though specific host associations and detailed biology remain poorly documented. The genus Lymeon contains multiple species, with L. orbus being among the earlier described members.

  ichneumonidaeparasitoidhymenopteraeastern-united-statesnorth-america

• Lymeonina

  Lymeonina is a subtribe of parasitoid wasps within the family Ichneumonidae, subfamily Campopleginae. Members of this subtribe are characterized by their role as parasitoids of other insects, though specific host associations remain incompletely documented. The subtribe was established based on morphological features of the ovipositor and wing venation. Lymeonina includes the genus Lymeon, which contains numerous described species distributed across multiple continents.

  parasitoidIchneumonidaeCampopleginaeHymenoptera

• Lysibia

  Lysibia is a genus of hyperparasitoid wasps in the family Ichneumonidae. The best-studied species, Lysibia nana, is a solitary secondary idiobiont hyperparasitoid that attacks pre-pupae and pupae of gregarious braconid parasitoids in the genus Cotesia, particularly C. glomerata. These wasps are winged, synovigenic (emerging without mature eggs), and do not host-feed as adults. They locate hosts using chemical cues including kairomones from the primary parasitoid and herbivore-induced plant volatiles. The genus is part of the overwintering Apanteles-Tetrastichus-Lysibia complex associated with pierid butterfly hosts.

  hyperparasitoidparasitoidIchneumonidaeCotesiaPierisbiological-controlmultitrophic-interactionschemical-ecologykairomonesHIPVssynovigenicidiobiontgregarious-parasitoid-exploitation

• Mastrus

  Mastrus is a genus of ichneumonid wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) containing parasitoid species that attack lepidopteran hosts, particularly tortricid moths. The genus includes species of significant agricultural importance as biological control agents, notably M. ridens and M. ridibundus, which parasitize the codling moth (Cydia pomonella). Species in this genus are gregarious ectoparasitoids that attack host larvae during the cocooning/prepupal stage. Research has focused on their olfactory host-finding mechanisms, thermal biology, and integration into conservation biological control programs.

  parasitoidbiological-controlcodling-mothapple-pest-managementectoparasitoidgregariousIchneumonidae

• Medophron

  Medophron is a genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, established by Förster in 1869. It belongs to the subfamily Campopleginae, a diverse group of koinobiont endoparasitoids that attack concealed lepidopteran larvae. The genus is poorly studied, with limited species-level documentation and few verified records. Most available information derives from taxonomic catalogs rather than biological studies.

  parasitoidCampopleginaeIchneumonidaeHymenopterapoorly-known

• Megaplectes

  Megaplectes is a genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, first described by Förster in 1869. The genus is represented by at least one described species, Megaplectes monticola, and is known from Europe and North America. Members of this genus are parasitoids, though specific host associations remain poorly documented. The genus is relatively obscure with limited published biological information.

  parasitoidIchneumonidaeHymenopteraunderstudiedPimplinae

• Megaplectes monticola

  Megaplectes monticola is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae. Originally described by Gravenhorst in 1829 as Ichneumon monticola, it was later transferred to the genus Megaplectes. The species epithet "monticola" refers to a mountain-dwelling habit. Like other ichneumon wasps, it is presumed to be a parasitoid, though specific host associations remain poorly documented. The species has been recorded from Canada and parts of Europe including Denmark and Norway.

  parasitoidHymenopteraIchneumonidaemontanepoorly-known

• Megarhyssa

  Giant Ichneumonid Wasps, Giant Ichneumons, Stump Stabbers

  Megarhyssa is a genus of large ichneumonid wasps comprising 37 species distributed worldwide. Females possess extraordinarily elongated ovipositors—up to 14 cm in some species—that enable parasitism of wood-boring horntail larvae deep within tree trunks. The genus exhibits remarkable ecological specialization, with sympatric species partitioning host resources by ovipositor length, allowing coexistence through vertical stratification of host exploitation. These wasps are idiobiont ectoparasitoids, meaning they paralyze and consume their hosts without allowing further development.

  parasitoidichneumonidaewood-boringovipositorresource-partitioningbiological-controlsympatric-specieshorntail-parasiteforest-ecologyhymenoptera

• Megarhyssa atrata

  Black Giant Ichneumonid Wasp

  Megarhyssa atrata is the largest known hymenopteran parasitoid, with females possessing an ovipositor that can exceed 130 mm—longer than any other arthropod genital apparatus. The species is primarily black with a yellow head and legs, and lacks the reddish-orange markings found in congeners. It parasitizes the larvae of the pigeon horntail (Tremex columba) deep within decaying hardwood, using remarkable wood-penetrating adaptations. Males aggregate at emergence sites and exhibit distinctive "tergal stroking" behavior, rubbing their abdomen tips against bark.

  parasitoidwood-boringextreme-morphologysexual-dimorphismresource-partitioningichneumonidaepimplinaehymenoptera

• Megarhyssa macrurus icterosticta

  Megarhyssa macrurus icterosticta is a subspecies of giant ichneumon wasp, among the largest ichneumonids in North America. Males of this subspecies are smaller than those of the sympatric species M. atrata, with more brown than black body coloration and wings that are clear with a well-developed spot on the costal margin. Females possess extremely long ovipositors used to parasitize woodboring larvae of Tremex columba (pigeon horntail) in decaying hardwoods, particularly at shallower depths than those reached by larger congeners.

  parasitoidichneumonidaewoodboringresource-partitioningsexual-dimorphismMissouri

• Megarhyssa macrurus macrurus

  giant ichneumon wasp

  Megarhyssa macrurus macrurus is a North American giant ichneumon wasp and among the largest members of family Ichneumonidae. Females possess extremely long, slender ovipositors used to parasitize woodboring larvae of the pigeon horntail (Tremex columba) deep within tree trunks. Males aggregate on host trees and exhibit distinctive tergal stroking behavior, rubbing their abdomen tips against bark. This subspecies co-occurs with the larger M. atrata, with which it shares host resources through spatial partitioning based on ovipositor length differences.

  ichneumonidaeparasitoidwoodboringTremexresource-partitioningtergal-strokingmale-aggregation

• Melanichneumon disparilis

  Melanichneumon disparilis is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, first described by Cresson in 1867. The genus Melanichneumon is part of a large group of parasitoid wasps characterized by their role in controlling other insect populations. This species belongs to the subfamily Ichneumoninae, a diverse group within the family. Available records indicate limited observational data, with 15 observations documented on iNaturalist.

  parasitoidichneumon-waspHymenopteraIchneumonidae

• Meniscomorpha michiganensis

  Meniscomorpha michiganensis is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, first described by Davis in 1894. The species is known from a limited number of observations and appears to be rarely collected. Like other members of its family, it is presumed to be a parasitoid, though specific host associations remain undocumented. The specific epithet refers to Michigan, suggesting the type locality or primary known range.

  parasitoid-waspIchneumonidaeHymenopteraNorth-Americararely-collectedpoorly-known

• Meringopus relativus

  Meringopus relativus is a species of ichneumon wasp described by Cresson in 1879. The species belongs to the genus Meringopus, a group of parasitoid wasps within the large family Ichneumonidae. Records indicate occurrence in southern Alberta, Canada.

  parasitoid-waspIchneumonidaeHymenopteraCanadaAlberta

• Mesochorus

  Mesochorus is a large genus of ichneumonid wasps containing approximately 690-900 described species worldwide. Members are obligate hyperparasitoids that attack the larvae of primary parasitoids, typically ichneumonid or braconid wasps, and occasionally tachinid flies. These primary parasitoids are themselves endoparasitoids of larval Lepidoptera and Coleoptera, placing Mesochorus at the fourth trophic level in complex food webs. The genus has been extensively studied in agricultural contexts due to its interactions with biological control agents.

  hyperparasitoidichneumonidaebiological-controlfood-webagricultural-pest-managementtrophic-cascadehost-locationkairomonesDNA-barcodingcitizen-science

• Mesochorus discitergus

  Mesochorus discitergus is a hyperparasitoid wasp in the family Ichneumonidae. It parasitizes primary parasitoids—particularly braconid wasps such as Cotesia marginiventris—that are themselves developing inside lepidopteran caterpillars. This species has been studied for its behavioral interactions with host caterpillars, including the tactics it employs to overcome defensive behaviors and the evasive responses of different noctuid species. It has been recorded from both North and South America.

  hyperparasitoidIchneumonidaeparasitoid-wasptrophic-cascadebiological-control

• Mesochorus giberius

  Mesochorus giberius is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae. The genus Mesochorus comprises hyperparasitoids, meaning they parasitize other parasitoids rather than attacking host insects directly. Records indicate this species has been reared from caterpillars of the California Oak Moth (Phryganidia californica), suggesting it may function as a tertiary parasitoid in oak moth food webs. The species was described by Thunberg in 1822 and occurs in western North America.

  hyperparasitoidIchneumonidaeCalifornia-Oak-Moth-parasitewestern-North-America

• Mesoleptidea

  Mesoleptidea is a genus of ichneumon wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, established by Viereck in 1912. The genus is poorly studied, with minimal published information on its biology and species composition. Records indicate presence in northern Europe, particularly Scandinavia and Denmark. As with other ichneumonid genera, members are presumed to be parasitoids, though specific host associations remain undocumented.

  ichneumonidaeparasitoid-waspnorthern-europepoorly-known

• Messatoporus compressicornis

  Messatoporus compressicornis is a species of ichneumonid wasp described by Cushman in 1929. It belongs to the genus Messatoporus, a group within the large family Ichneumonidae. The species name compressicornis refers to the compressed or flattened antennae characteristic of this taxon. As with most ichneumonid wasps, this species is presumed to be parasitoid, though specific host associations remain poorly documented. The species has been recorded in entomological collections and has 35 observations on iNaturalist, indicating it is encountered with some regularity by field entomologists.

  HymenopteraIchneumonidaeparasitoid-waspcompressicornis-groupCushman-1929

• Messatoporus rufiventris

  Messatoporus rufiventris Cushman, 1929 is a species of ichneumon wasp in the subfamily Cryptinae. It was originally described as a valid species but has been synonymized under Messatoporus discoidalis (Cresson) based on a 2013 revision of the genus. The genus Messatoporus is a large New World group containing 89 recognized species, characterized by distinctive morphological features including a long tapered mandible with reduced ventral tooth and a specialized ovipositor structure. No specific biological or ecological data has been documented for M. rufiventris itself.

  HymenopteraIchneumonidaeCryptinaeparasitoid-waspsynonymNew-WorldNeotropical

• Metopius

  Metopius is a cosmopolitan genus of parasitoid wasps in the subfamily Metopiinae (Ichneumonidae). Adults are large, conspicuous insects with bold black and yellow longitudinal striping, reaching over 2 cm in length. The genus is divided into subgenera including Metopius s.str. and Peltastes. Species are known to parasitize caterpillars of Lepidoptera, particularly those found in leaf rolls.

  parasitoidichneumonidaemetopiinaelepidoptera-parasitoidleaf-rollmimicry

• Mnioes lunatus

  Mnioes lunatus is a species of ichneumonid wasp described by Kennedy in 1966. It belongs to the large and diverse family Ichneumonidae, which comprises parasitoid wasps that attack other insects. Very little published information exists on the specific biology or host relationships of this species.

  Ichneumonidaeparasitoid-waspHymenoptera

• Neotheronia bicincta

  Neotheronia bicincta is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, described by Cresson in 1865. The genus Neotheronia belongs to the large and diverse ichneumonid wasp family, whose members are predominantly parasitoids of other insects. As with most ichneumonids, this species is likely a parasitoid, though specific host records and biological details remain poorly documented in the available literature.

  HymenopteraIchneumonidaeparasitoid-waspNeotropicalNearcticCresson-1865

• Neotypus nobilitator

  Neotypus nobilitator is a species of ichneumonid wasp in the family Ichneumonidae. It belongs to a genus of parasitoid wasps whose members are primarily associated with spider hosts. The species has been recorded across northern Europe and North America. Like other ichneumonids, it likely develops as a koinobiont endoparasitoid, though specific biological details remain poorly documented.

  ichneumonidaeparasitoidspider-parasitoidhymenopterawaspsnorthern-hemispherepalearcticnearctic

• Neoxorides pilusus

  Neoxorides pilusus is a species of ichneumon wasp in the subfamily Poemeniinae. Species in this genus were historically classified under Xorides and Neoxorides before taxonomic revision. Members of Poemeniinae are ectoparasitoids of wood-boring beetle larvae. The genus Neoxorides contains species that target beetle hosts in forested habitats.

  IchneumonidaePoemeniinaeparasitoidwood-boring-beetleforesttaxonomic-revision

• Nothocremastus

  Nothocremastus is a genus of ichneumon wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, established by Dasch in 1979. The genus is represented by the species Nothocremastus intermedius, described from California. Like other ichneumonids, members are parasitoid wasps, though specific host associations remain undocumented in available sources.

  Ichneumonidaeparasitoid-waspCaliforniaDasch-1979Cremastinae

• Notopygus virginiensis

  Notopygus virginiensis is a species of ichneumonid wasp described by Cushman in 1915. It belongs to the family Ichneumonidae, one of the largest families of parasitoid wasps. The genus Notopygus is part of the diverse ichneumonoid complex, with species typically characterized by specialized parasitoid life histories targeting other insects. Very little specific biological information has been published for this particular species.

  ichneumonidaeparasitoid-wasphymenopteravirginiacushman-1915notopyguseastern-north-america

• Olesicampe benefactor

  Olesicampe benefactor is a European ichneumonid wasp introduced to eastern North America as a biological control agent for the larch sawfly (Pristiphora erichsonii), a forest pest. Small numbers (147–388 individuals) were released in Maine, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick in 1967. The species successfully established at multiple sites, surviving two to three winters at several locations. It disperses slowly, which may limit its effectiveness over large areas without multiple release points.

  biological-controlparasitoidforest-entomologyinvasive-species-managementIchneumonidaelarch-sawflyclassical-biological-control

• Ophion

  nocturnal ichneumon wasps

  Ophion is a genus of nocturnal ichneumonid wasps in the subfamily Ophioninae. Members are typically orange to yellow in coloration and are endoparasitoids of lepidopteran larvae. The genus exhibits exceptionally high morphological similarity among species, making identification difficult without molecular or detailed morphometric analysis. Most species are attracted to artificial lights at night. The genus has a worldwide distribution with greatest diversity in temperate regions.

  nocturnalparasitoidichneumonidaelepidoptera-parasitoidlight-attractedcryptic-speciesmorphological-similaritybiological-controlendoparasitoidtemperate-zone

• Ophionellus texanus

  Ophionellus texanus is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, first described by Cresson in 1872. It belongs to a genus of parasitoid wasps whose biology remains poorly documented. The species epithet "texanus" indicates a type locality or association with Texas. Like other ichneumonids, it is presumed to be a parasitoid of other insects, though specific host relationships have not been established for this species.

  Ichneumonidaeparasitoid-waspHymenopteraTexas-faunaCresson-1872Ophionelluspoorly-known-species

• Oresbius

  Oresbius is a genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, first described by Marshall in 1867. Species are distributed across Europe and North America. The genus is poorly studied, with limited published information on species biology and ecology.

  parasitoidIchneumonidaeHymenopteraunderstudiedrarely-observed

• Oresbius fulvibasis

  Oresbius fulvibasis is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, described by Townes in 1962. It belongs to the genus Oresbius, a group of parasitoid wasps whose biology remains poorly documented. The species epithet 'fulvibasis' refers to a tawny or yellowish coloration at the base of some body part, likely the abdomen or legs. Like other members of Ichneumonidae, it is presumed to be a parasitoid of other insects, though specific host records for this species are not established.

  ichneumonidaeparasitoid-wasptownes-1962holarctic-genusdata-deficient

• Orgichneumon

  Orgichneumon is a genus of ichneumon wasps established by Heinrich in 1961. Members belong to the family Ichneumonidae, one of the largest families of parasitoid wasps. The genus is poorly documented in published literature, with limited species-level descriptions and biological data available. Records indicate presence in northern North America.

  ichneumonidaeparasitoidholarcticdata-deficient

• Orthizema

  Orthizema is a genus of ichneumon wasps in the family Ichneumonidae. First described by Förster in 1869, it belongs to the diverse parasitoid wasp lineage within Hymenoptera. The genus is documented from limited records in northern Europe.

  Ichneumonidaeparasitoid-waspsnorthern-EuropeFörster-1869

• Orthocentrinae

  Orthocentrinae is a subfamily of parasitoid wasps within Ichneumonidae. The group is among the least-studied ichneumonid subfamilies despite representing a major component of tropical faunas. At least 29 genera are recognized, with substantial undescribed diversity in the Neotropics. Recent surveys in Brazil and Mexico have revealed species richness far exceeding previous estimates.

  parasitoidichneumonidaetropicalunderstudiedhigh-diversitykoinobiontfungus-gnat-parasitoidneotropicalatlantic-foresttaxonomy-gap

• Oxyrrhexis carbonator texana

  Oxyrrhexis carbonator texana is a subspecies of ichneumonid wasp in the genus Oxyrrhexis. It belongs to the family Ichneumonidae, one of the largest families of parasitoid wasps. The subspecies was described by Cresson in 1870. Like other ichneumonids, it is presumed to be a parasitoid of other insects, though specific host associations for this subspecies have not been documented in the provided sources. The nominate subspecies Oxyrrhexis carbonator carbonator occurs in Europe, while O. c. texana is the North American form.

  Ichneumonidaeparasitoid-waspNorth-AmericaAlberta

• Pachysomoides stupidus

  Pachysomoides stupidus is a gregarious ichneumon wasp that parasitizes paper wasps (Polistes spp.). Females lay multiple eggs on pre-pupal Polistes grubs, and larvae feed gregariously as external parasites on the pupa. The species exhibits larval competition among siblings for host resources, with males showing more altruistic behavior than females in resource allocation. Brood sex ratios are biased toward females, with investment ratios equalized by egg-layers.

  ichneumon-waspparasitoidPolistesgregarious-parasitesibling-competitionsex-ratio-biasHymenopteraIchneumonidaePachysomoides

• Parania

  Parania is a genus of ichneumonid wasps described by Morley in 1913. Species in this genus function as parasitoids of moth larvae. Parania geniculata has been documented as a parasitoid of Homadaula anisocentra, a plutellid moth that defoliates Albizia trees. The genus has limited observation records and appears to be rarely collected.

  parasitoidbiological-controlurban-forestIchneumonidaeHymenoptera

• Patrocloides montanus

  Patrocloides montanus is a species of ichneumonid wasp described by Cresson in 1864. The genus Patrocloides belongs to the family Ichneumonidae, one of the largest families of wasps. Records indicate this species occurs in Canada, with documented localities in Alberta including Edmonton, Red Deer, and Waterton, as well as additional sites in southern and central regions of the country.

  IchneumonidaeHymenopteraparasitoid-waspNorth-AmericaCanada

• Perithous scurra pleuralis

  Perithous scurra pleuralis is a subspecies of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae. As a member of the genus Perithous, it is a parasitoid wasp known to target the nests of solitary wasps, particularly those of aphid-hunting Pemphredon wasps. The species was described by Cresson in 1868.

  parasitoidichneumonidaesolitary-wasp-parasitePemphredon-parasitecuckoo-wasp-parasitebiological-controlsubspecies

• Phaeogenini

  Phaeogenini is a tribe of ichneumon wasps within the subfamily Ichneumoninae, family Ichneumonidae. The tribe comprises at least 34 genera distributed across the Nearctic, Neotropical, and Palearctic regions. Taxonomic revisions have been published for multiple genera including Saltagenes, Heterischnus, Jethsura, and Lusius, indicating substantial undescribed diversity remains, particularly in Central and South America.

  IchneumonidaeIchneumoninaeparasitoid-waspstaxonomyundescribed-diversity

• Phobocampe

  Phobocampe is a genus of ichneumonid wasps in the subfamily Campopleginae. Species are solitary endoparasitic koinobiont parasitoids of lepidopteran larvae. P. confusa is a specialist on Nymphalini butterflies in Europe, particularly Aglais species, and represents a significant mortality factor for these host populations. P. tempestiva parasitizes the winter moth Operophtera brumata in northern Scotland.

  parasitoidkoinobiontendoparasiteIchneumonidaeCampopleginaebutterfly-parasitoidAglaisSwedenhaplodiploid

• Phobocampe geometrae

  Phobocampe geometrae is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae. The species was described by Ashmead in 1898. Like other members of the genus Phobocampe, it is presumed to be a parasitoid wasp, though specific host associations for this species remain poorly documented. The specific epithet "geometrae" suggests a possible association with geometrid moths, a pattern seen in related species, but this has not been confirmed.

  parasitoidIchneumonidaeHymenopterawaspsNorth-American-fauna

• Phygadeuon

  Phygadeuon is a genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Ichneumonidae with nearly cosmopolitan distribution. Species in this genus are primarily parasitoids of dipteran hosts, with documented associations including root maggot flies (Anthomyiidae) in agricultural systems. The genus has been recorded from Europe and North America, with some species occasionally utilized in biological control contexts.

  parasitoidIchneumonidaebiological-controlagricultural-pest-managementroot-maggotHylemyacruciferous-cropsdipteran-parasitoid

• Phygadeuontinae

  Darwin wasps

  Phygadeuontinae is a subfamily of Darwin wasps within Ichneumonidae, comprising numerous genera including Atractodes, Chirotica, Gelis, Lochetica, and others. The subfamily exhibits cosmopolitan distribution with substantial diversity in the Neotropics, Europe, and Asia Minor. Members are primarily parasitoids with varied host associations including Lepidoptera (Psychidae), Coleoptera (Chrysomelidae), and other insects. The genus Gelis includes at least one documented endoparasitoid of insect eggs, representing an unusual life history strategy for ichneumonids.

  parasitoidendoparasitoidectoparasitoidDarwin-waspIchneumonidaecosmopolitanNeotropicalPalearctic

• Phytodietus solicitanae

  Phytodietus solicitanae is a species of ichneumon wasp described by Loan in 1981. It belongs to the genus Phytodietus, a group of parasitoid wasps within the family Ichneumonidae. The species is known from a single locality in Manitoba, Canada. Like other members of its genus, it is presumed to be a parasitoid of lepidopteran larvae, though specific host records for this species have not been published.

  parasitoidIchneumonidaeCanadadata-deficient

• Pimpla

  black slip wasps

  Pimpla is a large, cosmopolitan genus of ichneumonid wasps comprising approximately 200 species. Members are idiobiont endoparasitoids that develop within the pupae or prepupae of holometabolous insects, primarily Lepidoptera. The genus is characterized by sturdy black bodies with orange or reddish markings, and females possess a short, stout ovipositor used to deposit eggs into host pupae. Several species have documented importance in biological control and biomedical research.

  parasitoidbiological-controlidiobiontendoparasitoidvenom-researchLepidopteraIchneumonidaePimplinae

• Pimpla marginella

  Pimpla marginella is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, first described by Brulle in 1846. As a member of the genus Pimpla, it is presumed to be a parasitoid wasp, though specific biological details for this species remain poorly documented in available sources. The species has been recorded in observation databases, indicating it is encountered in the field, but published literature focusing specifically on P. marginella is scarce.

  HymenopteraIchneumonidaePimplaichneumon-waspparasitoid-wasp

• Pimpla maura

  Pimpla maura is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, first described by Cresson in 1870. It belongs to the genus Pimpla, a group of parasitoid wasps known for attacking caterpillars. Like other members of its genus, this species likely functions as a generalist parasitoid of lepidopteran larvae. The species has been documented in iNaturalist with 28 observations, though detailed biological studies appear limited in the accessible literature.

  IchneumonidaeparasitoidHymenopteraPimplainsectwasp

• Pimpla pedalis

  Pimpla pedalis is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae. It is a pupal parasitoid that targets the geometer moth Iridopsis ephyraria. The species has been recorded primarily from the Canadian prairies region, with observations concentrated in Alberta.

  parasitoidbiological-controlIchneumonidaeHymenoptera

• Pimpla sanguinipes

  Pimpla sanguinipes is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae. It is a parasitoid wasp, though specific host relationships and detailed biology remain poorly documented. The species was described by Cresson in 1872.

  parasitoid-waspIchneumonidaeHymenopteraNorth-AmericaCresson-1872

• Pimpla sodalis longigenalis

  Pimpla sodalis longigenalis is a subspecies of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, first described by Cushman in 1920. It belongs to the genus Pimpla, a group of parasitoid wasps known for attacking moth caterpillars. The subspecific epithet "longigenalis" suggests a distinguishing feature related to antennal or genal length. The taxon is currently accepted in the Catalogue of Life and GBIF databases, with distribution records from Norway and Sweden.

  ichneumonidaeparasitoidhymenopterasubspeciesscandinavia

• Pimplinae

  Pimplinae is a worldwide subfamily of parasitoid wasps within Ichneumonidae. Members are primarily parasitoids of Holometabola, especially Lepidoptera pupae, with some species attacking spider egg sacs and adults. The subfamily includes 72 genera organized into four tribes: Delomeristini, Ephialtini, Pimplini, and Theroniini. Species are generally sturdy black wasps with orange markings and possess a diagnostic box-like first tergite with the spiracle positioned anterior to the middle.

  parasitoidIchneumonidaebiological-controlspider-parasitismurban-ecologyseasonal-polymorphismEocene-fossilhost-manipulationidiobiontHolometabola-parasitoidLepidoptera-pupae-parasitoidwood-boring-waspbioindicatorHymenoptera

• Plagiotrypes

  Plagiotrypes is a genus of ichneumon wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, described by Ashmead in 1900. The genus belongs to the subfamily Terebrantes within the superfamily Ichneumonoidea. Very few observations exist in public databases, suggesting either rarity, cryptic habits, or undercollection. Members of this genus are parasitoid wasps, though specific host associations remain undocumented.

  IchneumonidaeparasitoidHymenopteraunderdocumented

• Plagiotrypes concinnus

  Plagiotrypes concinnus is a species of ichneumonid wasp described by Thomas Say in 1829. It belongs to a genus within the diverse family Ichneumonidae, one of the largest families of wasps. The species has been recorded from the northeastern United States, specifically Vermont. Like other ichneumonids, it is presumed to be a parasitoid, though specific host relationships and detailed biology remain poorly documented.

  ichneumonidaeparasitoid-waspnorth-americavermonthymenoptera

• Platylabops

  Platylabops is a genus of ichneumon wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, described by Heinrich in 1950. The genus is poorly documented in published literature, with minimal biological information available. It is known from Scandinavia and Denmark. As a member of Ichneumonidae, species in this genus are presumed to be parasitoids, though specific host associations remain unrecorded.

  parasitoidIchneumonidaeScandinavia

• Platylabops faciens

  Platylabops faciens is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, subfamily Ichneumoninae. The species was described by Townes in 1971. It belongs to a genus characterized by distinctive labial morphology. Like other ichneumonids, it is presumed to be a parasitoid, though specific host associations remain undocumented.

  ichneumonidaeichneumoninaeparasitoid-waspneotropicalmexicochiapastownes-1971endemicrarely-collectedundocumented-biology

• Platylabops pecki

  Platylabops pecki is a species of ichneumonid wasp described by Heinrich in 1961. The genus Platylabops belongs to the family Ichneumonidae, one of the largest families of parasitoid wasps. Very few records of this species exist in public databases. A single observation has been documented from White Fox, California.

  Ichneumonidaeparasitoid-waspHymenopteraNorth-AmericaCaliforniarare-speciesdata-deficient

• Platylabus opaculus americanus

  Platylabus opaculus americanus is a subspecies of ichneumonid wasp described by Heinrich in 1962. It belongs to the genus Platylabus within the family Ichneumonidae, a large group of parasitoid wasps. The subspecies epithet 'americanus' suggests a North American distribution, though specific biological details remain poorly documented. Like other ichneumonids, it is presumed to be a parasitoid of other insects, but its host relationships and ecology have not been specifically studied.

  ichneumonidaeparasitoidsubspeciestaxonomic-uncertainty

• Podoschistus vittifrons

  Podoschistus vittifrons is the sole North American representative of its genus, a member of the ichneumonid subfamily Poemeniinae. It is an ectoparasitoid wasp that targets wood-boring beetle larvae, using its elongated ovipositor to deposit eggs through solid wood. The species has undergone repeated taxonomic revision, previously assigned to the genera Xorides and Neoxorides. Despite its large size and distinctive appearance, it is rarely encountered in the field.

  IchneumonidaePoemeniinaeparasitoidwood-borer-parasitoidNorth-Americaectoparasitoidforestrytaxonomy-revised

• Poemenia

  Poemenia is a genus of ichneumonid wasps in the subfamily Poemeniinae. The genus comprises ectoparasitoids that attack small xylophilous bees (Apoidea) nesting in tunnels or cavities. Larval morphology indicates an ectoparasitoid lifestyle, with the mature larva of Poemenia albipes being the first described for the genus.

  parasitoidectoparasitoidbee-parasitewoodlandcavity-nesterIchneumonidaePoemeniinaexylophilous-hosts

• Polyaulon

  Polyaulon is a genus of ichneumon wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, first described by Förster in 1869. These parasitoid wasps belong to the diverse superfamily Ichneumonoidea, which contains some of the most species-rich groups of parasitoid insects. The genus has been documented from Scandinavian countries, with records from Denmark, Norway, and Sweden.

  parasitoidIchneumonidaeScandinavia

• Polyaulon grandis

  A species of ichneumonid wasp in the genus Polyaulon, first described by Cushman in 1921. As a member of the family Ichneumonidae, it is a parasitoid wasp, though specific biological details remain poorly documented in available literature. The genus Polyaulon is classified within the superfamily Ichneumonoidea, one of the most diverse groups of parasitoid wasps.

  HymenopteraIchneumonidaePolyaulonparasitoid-waspIchneumonoidea

• Polyblastus stenocentrus

  Polyblastus stenocentrus is a small ichneumon wasp in the tribe Tryphonini. It is a koinobiont ectoparasitoid of sawfly larvae, with females carrying unusually large egg loads compared to related idiobiont wasps. The species has been documented in Colorado and Alberta, Canada. Observations suggest females may carry egg clusters externally on the abdomen, a behavior whose function remains incompletely understood.

  parasitoidkoinobiontectoparasitesawfly-parasiteTryphoniniIchneumonidaeHymenoptera

• Polyblastus tibialis

  A species of ichneumon wasp in the subfamily Tryphoninae. Documented from western Canada with records from Alberta. Belongs to a genus of koinobiont ectoparasitoids that attack sawfly larvae. The specific epithet 'tibialis' likely refers to a characteristic of the tibia.

  HymenopteraIchneumonidaeTryphoninaeparasitoidsawfly-parasitewestern-Canadakoinobiontectoparasitoidforest-habitat

• Polycyrtus neglectus

  Polycyrtus neglectus is a species of ichneumon wasp described by Cushman in 1926. It belongs to the large family Ichneumonidae, a group of parasitoid wasps characterized by their slender bodies and often long ovipositors. The genus Polycyrtus contains multiple species of small to medium-sized ichneumonids. Specific biological details for P. neglectus remain poorly documented in published literature.

  parasitoid-waspIchneumonidaeHymenopteraCushman-1926Polycyrtusunderstudied-species

• Polytribax

  Polytribax is a genus of ichneumonid wasps in the subfamily Cryptinae containing approximately 15 described species. Members are parasitoids of Lepidoptera pupae, with females adapted for ground-level foraging in leaf litter and soil. The genus exhibits strong sexual dimorphism, particularly pronounced in Polytribax perspicillator. Species are distributed across the Western Palaearctic with records extending to the Oriental and Nearctic realms.

  ichneumonidaecryptinaeparasitoidsexual-dimorphismground-foragingleaf-litterlepidoptera-parasitoidwestern-palaearcticwoodlandgenome-sequenced

• Polytribax contiguus

  Polytribax contiguus is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae. The species was described by Cresson in 1864 and is currently accepted as valid. Like other members of the genus Polytribax, it is presumed to be a parasitoid wasp, though specific biological details remain poorly documented. The genus Polytribax is classified within the subfamily Ichneumoninae, one of the largest and most diverse subfamilies of ichneumonid wasps.

  Ichneumonidaeparasitoid-waspNorth-America

• Pristomerus

  Pristomerus is a genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, subfamily Cremastinae, distributed worldwide with greatest diversity in tropical regions. Members are solitary koinobiont endoparasitoids that attack concealed larvae of small Lepidoptera. Several species have been employed in biological control programs. The genus exhibits high regional endemism, with 49 species recognized from the Afrotropical region, 22 from Australia (19 newly described in 2016), and 15 from Madagascar (12 endemic).

  parasitoidbiocontrolLepidopteraendoparasitoidkoinobiontCremastinaeIchneumonidae

• Pristomerus baumhoferi

  Pristomerus baumhoferi is a species of ichneumonid wasp described by Cushman in 1930. It belongs to the genus Pristomerus, a group of parasitoid wasps within the family Ichneumonidae. The species is known from limited collection records in California.

  Ichneumonidaeparasitoid-waspCalifornia-endemicCushman-1930

• Pseudoplatylabus

  Pseudoplatylabus is a genus of ichneumon wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, established by Smits van Burgst in 1920. The genus is poorly documented in scientific literature, with minimal published information on its constituent species, biology, or ecology. It belongs to the diverse parasitoid wasp family Ichneumonidae, one of the largest families of insects. The genus has been recorded from northern Europe (Norway, Sweden) based on limited occurrence data.

  ichneumonidaeparasitoid-wasppoorly-knowndata-deficientnorthern-europe

• Pseudoplatylabus townesi

  Pseudoplatylabus townesi is a species of ichneumon wasp described by Heinrich in 1962. It belongs to the large family Ichneumonidae, a group of parasitoid wasps. The species is extremely poorly known, with only two documented observations on iNaturalist and minimal published biological information. Like other members of its genus, it is presumed to be a parasitoid of other insects, though specific host records are unavailable.

  ichneumonidaeparasitoidwaspshymenopterapoorly-knownrarely-collected

• Pseudorhyssa

  Pseudorhyssa is a genus of ichneumonid wasps containing cleptoparasitic species that exploit the drill shafts of primary parasitoids to access hosts. The best-studied species, Pseudorhyssa sternata, parasitizes Siricid woodwasps by locating and utilizing oviposition holes made by the primary parasitoid Rhyssa persuasoria. Females detect host-infested trees through stimuli in larval frass, likely associated with symbiotic fungus, and locate specific drill shafts using secretions from the vaginal gland of the primary parasitoid.

  IchneumonidaecleptoparasiteparasitoidwoodwaspSiricidaeRhyssaPseudorhyssa-sternataterrestrialforestwood-boring-insects

• Pygocryptus brevicornis echthroides

  Pygocryptus brevicornis echthroides is a subspecies of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, described by Townes in 1944. The genus Pygocryptus belongs to the large and diverse ichneumonid wasp family, whose members are predominantly parasitoids of other insects. This subspecies is part of the nominate species P. brevicornis, with 'echthroides' indicating a distinctive morphological or geographic variant. Ichneumonid wasps in this genus are generally small to medium-sized parasitoids.

  parasitoid-waspIchneumonidaeHymenopteraTownes-1944Scandinavia

• Rhyssa crevieri

  Rhyssa crevieri is a species of ichneumonid wasp in the genus Rhyssa, first described by Provancher in 1880. The genus Rhyssa contains large, conspicuous ichneumonids commonly known as giant ichneumon wasps. Members of this genus are characterized by their elongated bodies, long antennae, and notably long ovipositors used to access wood-boring host larvae. The species has been documented in North America, with limited observational records available.

  Ichneumonidaeparasitoid-waspNorth-Americagiant-ichneumonwood-boring-host-parasitoid

• Rhyssa lineolata

  Rhyssa lineolata is a species of ichneumonid wasp in the genus Rhyssa. The species has been documented in North America with records from Canada (Edmonton, George L) and the United States (Vermont). A photographic study has documented its host location and oviposition mechanisms, indicating it is a parasitoid wasp that locates hosts and deposits eggs using specialized behaviors. Like other members of the genus Rhyssa, it is presumed to be associated with wood-boring hosts, though specific host records for this species were not available in the consulted sources.

  IchneumonidaeparasitoidHymenopteraNorth-Americaoviposition-behaviorwood-boring-host-association-inferred-from-genus

• Rhyssa ponderosae

  Rhyssa ponderosae is a species of ichneumonid wasp in the subfamily Rhyssinae, described by Townes in 1960. Members of the genus Rhyssa are among the largest ichneumonid wasps and are known for their exceptionally long ovipositors used to parasitize wood-boring beetle larvae. The specific epithet "ponderosae" suggests an association with ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), though this host relationship requires confirmation. The species is rarely encountered and poorly documented in the scientific literature.

  ichneumonidaerhyssinaeparasitoidwood-boring-beetlesconiferous-forestrarely-encounteredpoorly-known

• Rubicundiella perturbatrix

  Rubicundiella perturbatrix is a species of ichneumon wasp described by Heinrich in 1962. The genus Rubicundiella belongs to the family Ichneumonidae, one of the largest families of parasitoid wasps. Records indicate presence in Canada (Altona, Manitoba) and Hawaii, United States. The species is known from only two iNaturalist observations, suggesting it is rarely encountered or understudied.

  ichneumonidaeparasitoidrarely-recordeddata-deficient

• Scambus tecumseh

  Scambus tecumseh is a North American ichneumon wasp described by Viereck in 1917. It is currently treated as a synonym of Scambus hispae. The species belongs to the subfamily Pimplinae, a group of parasitoid wasps that attack concealed hosts such as caterpillars and beetle larvae. Records indicate occurrence in western Canada.

  synonymichneumonidaeparasitoidnorth-america

• Schenkia parallela

  Schenkia parallela is a species of ichneumonid wasp described by Townes and Gupta in 1962. It belongs to the genus Schenkia within the family Ichneumonidae, one of the largest families of parasitoid wasps. The species name refers to parallel structures, likely describing some aspect of its morphology. Like other ichneumonids, it is presumed to be a parasitoid, though specific host relationships remain undocumented in available sources.

  Ichneumonidaeparasitoid-waspTownes-&-Gupta-1962Hymenoptera

• Schizopyga

  Schizopyga is a genus of pimpline ichneumonid wasps in the Polysphincta genus-group, comprising approximately 12 described species worldwide. These wasps are specialized parasitoids of spiders that construct non-aerial webs, particularly members of the families Clubionidae, Gnaphosidae, and Agelenidae. The genus was established by Gravenhorst in 1829 and has a cosmopolitan distribution with records from multiple biogeographic regions including the Afrotropical region.

  parasitoidspider-parasitoidPolysphincta-genus-groupPimplinaeIchneumonidae

• Schizopyga frigida

  Schizopyga frigida is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, described by Ezra Townsend Cresson in 1870. The genus Schizopyga belongs to the diverse parasitoid wasp family Ichneumonidae, one of the largest families within Hymenoptera. Members of this genus are known as parasitoids of other insects, though specific biological details for S. frigida remain limited in published literature.

  ichneumonidaeparasitoid-wasphymenopterainsecta

• Scolobates auriculatus

  Scolobates auriculatus is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, first described by Fabricius in 1804. The species is recorded from Belgium and Canada (Alberta), suggesting a Holarctic distribution. Like other ichneumonids, it is presumed to be a parasitoid, though specific host associations remain undocumented. The genus Scolobates contains relatively few described species, and S. auriculatus appears to be infrequently encountered based on available collection records.

  Ichneumonidaeparasitoid-waspHymenopteraHolarctic

• Sesioplex depressus

  Sesioplex depressus is a species of ichneumonid wasp in the genus Sesioplex. The species was described by Viereck in 1912 and is currently accepted as valid. Very little specific biological information is available for this particular species. The genus Sesioplex belongs to the large family Ichneumonidae, which comprises parasitoid wasps that primarily attack larval stages of various insects, particularly Lepidoptera.

  parasitoid-waspIchneumonidaeHymenoptera

• Setanta

  Setanta is a genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, established by Cameron in 1901. The genus belongs to the diverse superfamily Ichneumonoidea, which contains thousands of species of parasitoid wasps. Members of this genus are part of the rich hymenopteran fauna of North America, with documented records from the northeastern United States.

  parasitoidwaspsichneumonidaehymenopteranorth-americagenus

• Setanta compta marginata

  Setanta compta marginata is a subspecies of ichneumonid wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, described by Provancher in 1882. It belongs to a genus of parasitoid wasps whose members are known to attack various insect hosts. As a subspecies, it represents a geographically or morphologically distinct population within the broader species Setanta compta. Very little specific information has been published about this particular subspecies in accessible literature.

  ichneumonidaehymenopteraparasitoidsubspeciesvermontnorth-america

• Setanta parsimonica

  Setanta parsimonica is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, first described by Cameron in 1885. The genus Setanta is a small group within this large family of parasitoid wasps. Like other ichneumonids, it is presumed to be a parasitoid of other insects, though specific host relationships remain undocumented. The species has been recorded in limited observations, suggesting it may be uncommon or undercollected.

  ichneumonidaeparasitoidhymenopteraunderstudied

• Seticornuta

  Seticornuta is a small genus of parasitoid wasps in the subfamily Metopiinae (Ichneumonidae). The genus contains approximately seven described species distributed across the Americas and Asia. Members are solitary larval or pupal koinobiont endoparasitoids of Lepidoptera. Recent descriptions include S. jacutinga from Brazil and S. koreana from South Korea, expanding the known range of this previously poorly documented genus.

  parasitoidIchneumonidaeMetopiinaeLepidoptera-parasitoidkoinobiontendoparasitoid

• Sphecophaga

  Sphecophaga is a genus of ichneumonid wasps specialized as ectoparasitoids of vespid wasps. Species within this genus parasitize nests of social wasps, with larvae feeding externally on immature wasp pupae. The genus exhibits complex polymorphism in adult forms and cocoon types, and has been widely introduced as a biological control agent for invasive Vespula wasp species. Two recognized species occur: S. orientalis parasitizing Vespa orientalis in the Mediterranean region, and S. vesparum with subspecies in Europe and North America targeting Vespula species.

  ectoparasitoidbiological-controlpolymorphismsocial-insect-parasitecuticular-hydrocarbonschemical-deceptionparthenogenesisVespulaVespaIchneumonidae

• Sphecophagina

  Sphecophagina is a subtribe of ichneumonid wasps within the family Ichneumonidae. Members are parasitoid wasps, with larvae developing inside or on other arthropod hosts. The subtribe is part of the diverse ichneumonid radiation, one of the largest families of wasps.

  parasitoidichneumonidaehymenopterasubtribe

• Sphelodon phoxopteridis

  Sphelodon phoxopteridis is a species of parasitoid wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, first described by Weed in 1888. The species is recorded from multiple localities in central Canada, particularly in Alberta and Saskatchewan. As a member of Ichneumonidae, it likely functions as a parasitoid of other insects, though specific host associations remain undocumented in available sources.

  parasitoid-waspIchneumonidaeHymenopteraCanadian-fauna

• Spilopteron

  Spilopteron is a genus of ichneumon wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, described by Townes in 1960. These wasps are part of the diverse parasitoid wasp fauna. The genus has been documented in the northeastern United States, particularly Vermont. Little is known about the specific biology of most species in this genus.

  HymenopteraIchneumonidaeparasitoid-waspNorth-America

• Spilopteron formosum

  Spilopteron formosum is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, first described by Cresson in 1868. The genus Spilopteron belongs to the diverse parasitoid wasp family Ichneumonidae, one of the largest families within Hymenoptera. Species in this genus are poorly documented in the scientific literature, with limited published information on their biology and ecology. The specific epithet "formosum" is Latin for "beautiful" or "handsome," likely referring to some aspect of the species' appearance.

  ichneumonidaehymenopteraparasitoidnorth-americacaliforniapoorly-known

• Spilopteron franclemonti

  Spilopteron franclemonti is a species of ichneumon wasp described by Townes in 1960. The species belongs to the large family Ichneumonidae, a diverse group of parasitoid wasps. It has been documented at limited locations in Canada, specifically in Alberta and Manitoba. The genus Spilopteron is characterized by distinctive wing venation patterns.

  ichneumonidaeparasitoidhymenopteracanadatownes-1960

• Spilopteron occiputale

  Spilopteron occiputale is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, first described by Cresson in 1869. It belongs to the genus Spilopteron, a group of parasitoid wasps. The species has been documented through 159 observations on iNaturalist, indicating it is encountered with some regularity by naturalists. As with other ichneumonids, it is presumed to be a parasitoid of other insects, though specific host relationships for this species are not well documented.

  Ichneumonidaeparasitoid-waspNorth-American-fauna

• Spilopteron vicinum

  Spilopteron vicinum is a species of ichneumonid wasp in the genus Spilopteron. It is a parasitoid wasp, placing it within the diverse family Ichneumonidae, one of the largest families of insects. The species was described by Cresson in 1869. Limited specific ecological information is available for this species.

  ichneumonidaeparasitoidhymenopteranorth-america

• Stenarella

  Stenarella is a genus of ichneumonid wasps in the subfamily Cryptinae, subtribe Osprynchotina. The genus is monophyletic and distributed across the Old World, with three major biogeographic clades corresponding to the Afrotropical, Palearctic, and Oriental–Australasian regions. Eighteen species are currently recognized, twelve described as new in a 2025 phylogenomic revision. Species are ectoparasitoids of aculeate Hymenoptera that construct nests using mud or earth.

  HymenopteraIchneumonidaeCryptinaeparasitoidectoparasitoidmud-nestingaculeate-HymenopteraOld-World-distributionadventive-speciesbiogeographyphylogenomicsultraconserved-elements

• Stenarella domator

  Stenarella domator is a western Palaearctic ichneumonid wasp recently introduced to the Nearctic region. It belongs to the subtribe Osprynchotina within the subfamily Cryptinae. The species is an ectoparasitoid that targets aculeate Hymenoptera nesting in mud or earth substrates. Its establishment in North America represents a notable range expansion for this parasitoid lineage.

  ectoparasitoidadventiveichneumonidaecryptinaepalaearctic-originnearctic-introductionaculeate-parasitoidmud-nest-parasite

• Stenichneumon

  Stenichneumon is a genus of ichneumon wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, established by Thomson in 1893. The genus contains at least 20 described species, with 23 species currently listed in taxonomic databases. These wasps are parasitoids, though specific host associations remain poorly documented for most species. The genus has been recorded primarily from northern Europe.

  ichneumonidaeparasitoidhymenopteranorthern-europe

• Stenichneumon culpator cincticornis

  Stenichneumon culpator cincticornis is a subspecies of ichneumonid wasp described by Cresson in 1864. It belongs to the family Ichneumonidae, one of the largest families of parasitoid wasps. The subspecies is currently accepted as valid and has been documented in parts of Europe, including Belgium and Austria.

  Ichneumonidaeparasitoid-waspsubspeciesEuropeHymenoptera

• Stethantyx

  Stethantyx is a genus of small parasitoid wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, subfamily Tersilochinae. Species in this genus are found in the Neotropical region, with documented records from Mexico through Central America and into South America, including the Western Amazonia region of Ecuador and Peru. The genus was established by Townes in 1971. Species are characterized by specific wing venation patterns, including the first and second abscissae of the radius meeting at a right angle in some species.

  parasitoidIchneumonidaeTersilochinaeNeotropicalwaspsHymenoptera

• Stilpnina

  Stilpnina is a subtribe of ichneumonid wasps within the family Ichneumonidae. Members of this subtribe belong to the tribe Stilpnini and are parasitoid wasps, though specific biological details remain poorly documented in published literature. The subtribe was established based on morphological characteristics that distinguish it from other stilpnine groups.

  parasitoidIchneumonidaeStilpniniHymenopterawasps

• Sussaba

  Sussaba is a genus of small parasitoid wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, subfamily Diplazontinae. Species are parasitoids of hoverfly (Syrphidae) larvae, with adults typically measuring around 4 mm in forewing length. The genus has a wide geographic distribution spanning Europe, North America, and parts of Asia including India. Sussaba pulchella is the best-studied species, with a published chromosome-level genome assembly.

  parasitoidichneumonidaediplazontinaesyrphidaegenome-sequenced

• Syrphoctonus

  Syrphoctonus is a genus of ichneumonid wasps in the subfamily Diplazontinae. The genus contains numerous species worldwide, with over 30 species recorded from Europe. Members are parasitoids of hoverflies (Syrphidae). The genus name derives from Greek 'Syrpho-' (gnat) and '-ctonus' (killer), referring to this host association.

  parasitoidichneumonidaediplazontinaehoverfly-parasitoidantennal-courtshiptyloids

• Syzeuctus

  Syzeuctus is a genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Ichneumonidae. The genus contains more than 130 described species and has a cosmopolitan distribution. Species in this genus are parasitoids, meaning they develop by feeding on or within host organisms.

  parasitoidichneumonidaecosmopolitanhymenoptera

• Syzeuctus eximius

  Syzeuctus eximius is a species of ichneumonid wasp described by Walley in 1934. The genus Syzeuctus belongs to the large family Ichneumonidae, a diverse group of parasitoid wasps. Records indicate this species has been documented from locations in Saskatchewan, Canada. Like other ichneumonids, it is presumed to be a parasitoid, though specific host associations remain undocumented.

  Ichneumonidaeparasitoid-waspCanadian-fauna1934-description

• Temelucha

  Temelucha is a genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, comprising over 200 species with cosmopolitan distribution. Species in this genus are primary parasitoids of lepidopteran larvae, with documented hosts including the potato tuberworm (Phthorimaea operculella) and the pine shoot moth (Rhyacionia buoliana). Several species have been studied for their potential in biological control programs.

  parasitoidbiological-controlIchneumonidaeagricultural-pest-managementprimary-parasitoid

• Temelucha interruptor

  Temelucha interruptor is a parasitoid wasp in the family Ichneumonidae that attacks larvae of the pine shoot moth (Rhyacionia buoliana). The species has been introduced to North America for biological control but exhibits problematic behavior by preferentially attacking host larvae already parasitized by the braconid wasp Orgilus obscurator. This interference reduces the effectiveness of biological control programs targeting R. buoliana. The species is native to Europe, with established populations in Denmark and Sweden, and has been recorded in the conterminous United States.

  parasitoidbiological-controlpine-shoot-mothIchneumonidaehyperparasitismcompetitionforestry-pestinvasive-species-introduction

• Therion

  Therion is a genus of ichneumon wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, subfamily Anomaloninae. The genus contains at least 20 described species distributed across North America, Europe, and Asia. Members are external or internal parasitoids of moth caterpillars, with several species serving as biological control agents of pest species. The genus has been subject to recent taxonomic revision in Japan, where four species are now recognized.

  IchneumonidaeAnomaloninaeparasitoidHymenopterabiological-control

• Therion longipes

  Therion longipes is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae. It is currently treated as a synonym of Therion californicum. The species was described by Provancher in 1886. Distribution records indicate occurrence in western North America, including California, Alberta, and other locations in Canada and the United States.

  synonymIchneumonidaeHymenopteraNorth-AmericaProvancher-1886

• Therion petiolatum

  Therion petiolatum is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae. The genus Therion comprises parasitoid wasps whose larvae develop as internal parasites of moth caterpillars. Members of this genus are known to target tiger moths and related species.

  ichneumon-waspparasitoidHymenopteraIchneumonidaeTherioninternal-parasitemoth-caterpillar-parasite

• Therion tenuipes

  Therion tenuipes is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae. Little specific information is documented for this species, though it belongs to a genus whose members are parasitoids of moth caterpillars. The species was described by Norton in 1863.

  parasitoidichneumon-waspHymenopteraIchneumonidaeTherionNorth-America1863-descriptionNortontenuipes

• Therion texanum

  Therion texanum is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, described by Ashmead in 1890. It belongs to a genus whose members are parasitoids of moth caterpillars. The species epithet "texanum" indicates a geographic association with Texas. Like other Therion species, it likely functions as a biological control agent of lepidopteran pests.

  IchneumonidaeparasitoidHymenopterabiological-controlNorth-America

• Theronia hilaris

  Theronia hilaris is a species of ichneumonid wasp described by Thomas Say in 1829. It belongs to the genus Theronia, a group of parasitoid wasps within the family Ichneumonidae. The species has been recorded in the northeastern United States, with distribution records from Vermont. As with many ichneumonid wasps, specific biological details about this species remain limited in available literature.

  ichneumonid-waspparasitoid-waspNorth-AmericaHymenopteraIchneumonidaeTheronia

• Thyreodon

  Thyreodon is a genus of parasitic wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, first described by Brullé in 1846. Members of this genus are koinobiont endoparasitoids that attack caterpillars, particularly those of sphinx moths (Sphingidae). The genus is part of the Thyreodon genus-group, with species distributed across the Americas from the southwestern United States through Central America. Costa Rican species have been subject to dedicated systematic study.

  parasitoidkoinobiontdiurnalbiocontrolSphingidae-parasiteIchneumonidaeOphioninaeEnicospilini

• Thyreodon atricolor

  Thyreodon atricolor is a large ichneumonid wasp in the subfamily Ophioninae, described by Olivier in 1811. Members of this genus are among the largest Ophioninae in North America. The species is known from the southwestern United States and has been subject to taxonomic confusion with related species. Like other Ophioninae, it possesses a short, sharp ovipositor capable of delivering a sting, distinguishing it from many other ichneumonid subfamilies.

  ichneumonidaeophioninaethyreodontinidiurnalstinging-waspnorth-americalarge-wasp

• Thyreodon atricolor atricolor

  Thyreodon atricolor atricolor is a subspecies of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae. The genus Thyreodon includes large, striking wasps that are often mistaken for tarantula hawks due to their similar coloration. Members of this genus are diurnal and have been observed visiting flowers for nectar. This subspecies has been recorded from California and Vermont in the United States.

  ichneumonidaehymenopteramimicrydiurnalnorth-americapollinatoraposematic-coloration

• Thyreodon atricolor flavicornis

  Thyreodon atricolor flavicornis is a subspecies of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, first described by Thomas Say in 1823. The genus Thyreodon is part of the large and diverse Ichneumonidae family, which contains thousands of parasitoid wasp species. This subspecies is distinguished from the nominate form by its yellow (flavicornis) antennae. The taxon has been recorded from multiple locations in North America including California and Vermont.

  Ichneumonidaeparasitoid-waspNorth-AmericaSay-1823yellow-antennae

• Thyreodon ornatipennis

  Thyreodon ornatipennis is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, described by Cresson in 1874. The species name 'ornatipennis' refers to its decorated or ornate wings. It belongs to a genus of large, striking wasps that are sometimes confused with tarantula hawks due to similar coloration patterns involving metallic blue-black bodies with orange or red wings. The genus Thyreodon is poorly known, and species identification in the southwestern United States remains challenging.

  Ichneumonidaeparasitoidaposematic-colorationNorth-Americapoorly-known

• Thyreodon rivinae

  Thyreodon rivinae is a species of ichneumon wasp described by Porter in 1980. The genus Thyreodon belongs to the family Ichneumonidae, one of the largest families of parasitoid wasps. Members of this genus are known from the southwestern United States and adjacent Mexico. The species is poorly documented in scientific literature, with limited published information on its biology and ecology.

  IchneumonidaeparasitoidSouthwest-USAArizonaMexicoThyreodonHymenoptera

• Thyreodon umbrifer

  Thyreodon umbrifer is a species of ichneumon wasp described by Porter in 1989. The genus Thyreodon belongs to the family Ichneumonidae, one of the largest families of parasitoid wasps. Very little published information exists about this specific species. A specimen initially identified as possibly belonging to this genus was observed in Arizona, where experts noted difficulty distinguishing Thyreodon from related genera in the southwestern United States. The genus is poorly known taxonomically, and species-level identification requires specialist examination.

  Ichneumonidaeparasitoid-waspHymenopteraArizonaOphioninaeThyreodonrarely-recordedtaxonomically-difficult

• Tmetogaster nubilipennis

  Tmetogaster nubilipennis is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae. The species was originally described by Haldeman in 1846. It has been historically confused with gall-forming wasps due to a homonymous species name used by Girault for Hemadas nubilipennis, a gall wasp that induces blueberry stem galls. This species is part of the diverse ichneumonid fauna documented in North American collections.

  Ichneumonidaeparasitoid-wasptaxonomyhomonymNorth-AmericaHaldeman-1846

• Trathala

  Trathala is a genus of ichneumonid wasps first described by Cameron in 1899. Species within this genus are larval-pupal parasitoids of lepidopteran hosts. Trathala flavoorbitalis has been studied as a biological control agent for agricultural pests including the brinjal shoot and fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis) and rice leaffolder. The genus exhibits host-stage selectivity, with successful development typically occurring in third to fifth instar host larvae.

  parasitoidbiological-controlagricultural-pest-managementIchneumonidaeLeucinodes-orbonalis

• Trathala extensor

  Trathala extensor is a species of ichneumonid wasp described by Dasch in 1979. The genus Trathala belongs to the family Ichneumonidae, one of the largest families of wasps. Specimens of related Trathala species are held in the University of California Riverside Entomology Research Museum. The species name 'extensor' likely refers to anatomical features associated with leg extension, a trait common in the context of jumping and grasping mechanisms studied in related insects.

  ichneumonidaehymenopteraparasitoid-waspdasch-1979trathala

• Trichomma maceratum

  Trichomma maceratum is a species of parasitoid wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, first described by Cresson in 1879. The genus Trichomma belongs to the ichneumonid subfamily Pimplinae, a group characterized by ectoparasitic larvae that develop on hosts concealed in plant material or soil. This species has been recorded in western and central Canada, with observations spanning prairie and agricultural habitats. Very little is known about its biology, host associations, or ecological role.

  IchneumonidaePimplinaeparasitoidCanadaprairieagriculturaldata-deficient

• Trieces

  Trieces is a genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, subfamily Metopiinae. It is one of the largest genera within the Metopiinae, with species described from all zoogeographical regions except the Indomalayan region until recently. Species are solitary endoparasitoids of Lepidoptera. The genus includes multiple species groups, with the onitis group being particularly well-studied in the Nearctic region.

  parasitoidichneumonidaemetopiinaelepidoptera-parasitoidsolitary-endoparasitoidforest-habitatcompetitive-exclusion

• Trogomorpha trogiformis

  Trogomorpha trogiformis is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, first described by Cresson in 1864. The genus Trogomorpha is characterized by distinctive morphological features including a compact body form and reduced wing venation. As a member of the subfamily Trogomorphinae (or related group within Ichneumonidae), this species represents a lineage of parasitoid wasps. The specific epithet 'trogiformis' refers to its resemblance to beetles of the family Trogidae (hide beetles), an example of mimicry or convergent body form.

  parasitoidmimicryichneumonidaenorth-americacompact-body-form

• Trogus edwardsii

  Trogus edwardsii is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, described by Cresson in 1877. Members of the genus Trogus are parasitoid wasps that attack butterfly and moth larvae. The species is part of a hyperdiverse family containing thousands of species, most of which are poorly known biologically. Like other ichneumonids, T. edwardsii likely plays a role in regulating lepidopteran populations, though specific host associations and detailed biology remain undocumented in available sources.

  parasitoidIchneumonidaeHymenopteraLepidoptera-parasitoidTrogus

• Trogus flavipennis

  Trogus flavipennis is a species of ichneumon wasp described by Ezra Townsend Cresson in 1864. It belongs to the large family Ichneumonidae, one of the most diverse families within Hymenoptera. The genus Trogus comprises parasitoid wasps that attack lepidopteran hosts. The specific epithet "flavipennis" refers to yellowish wing coloration. Available records for this species are sparse, with limited observational data documented in biodiversity databases.

  IchneumonidaeHymenopteraparasitoid-waspCresson-1864North-America

• Trogus lapidator

  Trogus lapidator is an ichneumonid parasitoid wasp that develops within the pupae of the Old World swallowtail butterfly Papilio machaon. It is notable for an unusual emergence mechanism: rather than cutting through the host pupal case with mandibles like most related wasps, it primarily uses a liquid secretion to soften and dissolve host tissue, employing mandibles only secondarily to spread the secretion and minimally enlarge the exit hole at the end of emergence. The species occurs across Europe, with records from Finland to Belgium and Canada.

  parasitoidIchneumonidaePapilio-machaonunusual-emergence-mechanismEuropebiological-controlendoparasitoid

• Trogus pennator

  Trogus pennator is a parasitoid wasp in the family Ichneumonidae that attacks larvae of swallowtail butterflies (Papilionidae), particularly in the genera Eurytides and Papilio. Females locate hosts using chemical cues from larval frass and feeding damage. The species is deterred from parasitizing Battus philenor due to aristolochic acid sequestration by that host. It has been recorded in North America including Vermont.

  parasitoidIchneumonidaeswallowtail-butterflieschemical-ecologyhost-finding-behaviorlearningNorth-America

• Tromatobia notator

  Tromatobia notator is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae. It belongs to the genus Tromatobia, which comprises parasitoid wasps that attack spider egg sacs. The species was first described by Fabricius in 1804. Limited observational records exist for this species, with only one documented observation on iNaturalist.

  ichneumonidaeparasitoidspider-egg-parasitoidhymenopterafabricius-1804

• Trychosis sulcata

  Trychosis sulcata is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, described by Townes in 1962. The genus Trychosis belongs to the subfamily Cryptinae, a diverse group of koinobiont endoparasitoids that attack concealed larvae of Lepidoptera and other insects. Very few observations of this species exist in public databases, with only three records documented on iNaturalist as of the source date. The specific epithet 'sulcata' refers to grooved or furrowed sculpturing, likely describing some aspect of the species' morphology.

  HymenopteraIchneumonidaeparasitoidCryptinaeTownes-1962

• Tryphonini

  Tryphonini is a tribe of koinobiont ichneumonid wasps within the subfamily Tryphoninae. Members are ectoparasitoids of sawfly larvae (Hymenoptera: Symphyta), with females possessing relatively large egg loads compared to idiobiont relatives. The genus Polyblastus is a well-documented member of this tribe. Females have been observed carrying egg clusters externally, possibly due to egg retention after unsuccessful oviposition attempts.

  parasitoidkoinobiontectoparasitoidsawfly-parasiteIchneumonidaeTryphoninaePolyblastusegg-retentionbehavioral-anomaly

• Venturia canescens

  Venturia canescens is a solitary koinobiont endoparasitoid wasp in the family Ichneumonidae. The species exhibits both sexual and asexual (parthenogenetic) populations, with the asexual strain being highly synovigenic—continuing egg maturation throughout adult life. Females inject virus-like particles (VLPs) derived from an integrated nudivirus into host larvae during oviposition; these VLPs suppress the host immune system and prevent encapsulation of the parasitoid egg. The species is a significant biological control agent of stored-product pests, particularly pyralid moth larvae.

  parasitoidbiological-controlparthenogenesisvirus-like-particlesstored-product-pestIchneumonidaesuperparasitism-avoidancesynovigenickoinobiontimmune-evasionnudivirus

• Virgichneumon zebratus

  Virgichneumon zebratus is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, described by Cresson in 1867. The specific epithet 'zebratus' refers to a zebra-striped or banded appearance. As a member of the subfamily Ichneumoninae (tribe Ichneumonini), it is presumed to be a parasitoid of Lepidoptera larvae, though specific host records remain undocumented. The genus Virgichneumon is characterized by distinctive morphological features in the propodeum and areolet wing cell structure.

  IchneumonidaeparasitoidHymenopteraNorth-AmericaCresson-1867Ichneumoninae

• Vulgichneumon

  Vulgichneumon is a genus of ichneumon wasps established by Heinrich in 1961. The genus contains at least 30 described species. Members are parasitoid wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, one of the largest families of Hymenoptera. These wasps are characterized by their slender bodies, long antennae, and elongated ovipositors typical of the family.

  ichneumon-waspparasitoidHymenopteraIchneumonidae

• Vulgichneumon terminalis

  Vulgichneumon terminalis is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, first described by Cresson in 1864. The genus Vulgichneumon comprises medium to large-sized ichneumonid wasps with characteristic color patterns. As a member of the Ichneumonidae, this species is a parasitoid wasp, though specific biological details remain poorly documented. The species is known from a limited number of observations and specimen records.

  Ichneumonidaeparasitoid-waspHymenopteraNorth-America

• Xiphosomella dubia

  Xiphosomella dubia is a species of parasitoid wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, originally described by Brues in 1911. As a member of the Ichneumonidae, it is presumed to be a parasitoid of other insects, though specific host relationships remain undocumented in the provided sources. The genus Xiphosomella belongs to the superfamily Ichneumonoidea, one of the largest and most diverse groups of parasitoid wasps.

  parasitoid-waspIchneumonidaeHymenoptera

• Xorides albopictus

  Xorides albopictus is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae, first described by Cresson in 1870. It belongs to the genus Xorides, which comprises parasitoid wasps that attack wood-boring beetles. The specific epithet 'albopictus' (Latin for 'white-painted') likely refers to distinctive pale markings on the body. As with other members of its genus, this species is presumed to be a parasitoid of cerambycid or buprestid beetle larvae, though specific host records for X. albopictus appear limited in published literature.

  ichneumonidparasitoidwood-boring-beetle-parasitoidNorth-AmericaHymenopteraIchneumonidaeXorides

• Xoridinae

  Xoridine wasps

  Xoridinae is a worldwide subfamily of Ichneumonidae containing approximately 220 described species in four genera: Xorides, Odontocolon, Ischnoceros, and Aplomerus. These wasps are idiobiont ectoparasitoids that specialize on wood-boring beetle larvae, particularly Cerambycidae and Buprestidae, and occasionally Hymenoptera (Symphyta). They are strongly associated with mature forest habitats and are considered important biological control agents of forest pests.

  parasitoidforestwood-boring-beetlesbiocontrolIchneumonidaeidiobiontectoparasitoidhind-femoral-toothmature-forest-indicator