Spring-emergence
Guides
Alaus oculatus
Eastern Eyed Click Beetle, Eyed Elater
Alaus oculatus, commonly called the eastern eyed click beetle or eyed elater, is a large, striking click beetle native to eastern North America. Adults reach 25–45 mm in length and are immediately recognizable by the prominent false eyespots on their pronotum—large oval patches of dark scales framed in white that function in predator deterrence. The beetle possesses a remarkable clicking mechanism: a prosternal spine and mesosternal notch that, when flexed and released, produce an audible snap capable of launching the beetle several inches into the air. This behavior serves both defensive and righting functions. The larvae are predatory wireworms that inhabit decaying wood, feeding voraciously on other beetle larvae, particularly cerambycids.
Anthribus nebulosus
fungus weevil
Anthribus nebulosus is a small fungus weevil in the family Anthribidae. Native to Europe, the Near East, and Northern Asia (excluding China), it has been introduced to North America. Adults overwinter in bark cracks of coniferous trees, particularly those with thicker bark such as Scots pine and larch. Flight activity occurs primarily from early May to mid-June, peaking in late May and early June, though timing varies with weather conditions and altitude.
Athous posticus
Spurious Click Beetle
Athous posticus is a species of click beetle in the family Elateridae, commonly known as the Spurious Click Beetle. It is a small to medium-sized beetle native to eastern North America. The species is part of the large genus Athous, which contains numerous similar-looking species that can be challenging to distinguish without close examination. It has been documented in Canada and the northeastern United States.
Baetisca
armored mayflies
Baetisca is a genus of armored mayflies comprising approximately 12 described species in the family Baetiscidae. Nymphs are distinguished by their construction of protective cases from sand grains and silk. The genus is found in small, cool streams across eastern and central North America, with some species extending into western Canada. Most studied species exhibit univoltine life cycles with winter nymphal growth and spring or early summer adult emergence.
Baileya australis
Small Baileya Moth
Baileya australis is a small moth in the family Nolidae, first described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1881. The species occurs across eastern and central North America, with adults active from spring through late summer. Multiple generations are produced annually in southern portions of its range.
Bibio abbreviatus
Bibio abbreviatus is a species of march fly in the family Bibionidae, first described by Loew in 1864. Adults emerge in spring and are known for forming large swarming aggregations. Males possess holoptic eyes that meet at the top of the head, while females have relatively small heads. The species belongs to a genus of decomposer flies whose larvae develop in soil.
Bibio albipennis
White-winged March Fly
Bibio albipennis, the White-winged March Fly, is a species of march fly in the family Bibionidae native to North America. Adults are most commonly observed in spring, with males forming conspicuous swarms to attract mates. The species is widespread across the continent and is one of approximately 37 currently recognized Bibio species north of Mexico. Like other bibionids, it plays a role in nutrient cycling through larval feeding on decaying organic matter.
Bibio articulatus
red-legged march fly
Bibio articulatus is a species of march fly in the family Bibionidae, commonly known as the red-legged march fly. It is distinguished by its dark exoskeleton ranging from black to deep red and its conspicuous red or orange legs. The species exhibits pronounced sexual dimorphism, particularly in eye size and body proportions. It is most active during spring months and is found primarily in the eastern United States.
Bibio brunnipes
Bibio brunnipes is a march fly in the family Bibionidae with a Holarctic distribution, occurring across northern regions of both the Old and New Worlds. The species has been subject to taxonomic revision, with several previously described species now synonymized under B. brunnipes. Like other members of the genus, adults are typically active in spring and may occur in large aggregations. Larval stages develop in soil and contribute to decomposition processes.
Bibio femoratus
March fly, Lovebug
Bibio femoratus is a medium-sized fly in the family Bibionidae, commonly known as the March fly or lovebug in the southeastern United States. Adults are recognized by their black bodies with orange or red thorax and legs, and a diagnostic dark spot on the leading edge of the wing. The species forms conspicuous mating swarms in early spring, with pairs remaining coupled for extended periods. Larvae develop in soil and feed on decaying organic matter.
Bibio holtii
Bibio holtii is a species of March fly described by McAtee in 1922. It belongs to the family Bibionidae, a group characterized by males with large holoptic eyes and females with small heads relative to body size. The species exhibits a Holarctic distribution pattern, occurring across the northern hemisphere. Like other Bibio species, adults are typically active in spring and form conspicuous swarms.
Bibio lanigerus
Shaggy St Mark's Fly
Bibio lanigerus, commonly known as the Shaggy St Mark's Fly, is a species of march fly in the family Bibionidae. It occurs across the Palearctic region, with confirmed records from Belgium and other parts of Europe. As with other Bibio species, adults emerge in spring and males form swarming aggregations to attract mates.
Bibio necotus
Bibio necotus is a species of march fly in the family Bibionidae, first described by Hardy in 1937. Like other members of the genus Bibio, adults are medium-sized flies that emerge in spring and often form conspicuous mating swarms. Males possess large, holoptic compound eyes that meet at the top of the head, while females have disproportionately small heads. The species is part of a diverse North American fauna of approximately 37 currently recognized Bibio species, many of which were historically difficult to distinguish based on external characters alone.
Bibio rufipes
March fly
Bibio rufipes is a species of march fly in the family Bibionidae. Adults emerge in spring, with males forming conspicuous swarms that blanket ground and low vegetation. Females possess fossorial adaptations including stout, downcurved spurs on the fore tibiae used to excavate soil for egg-laying. The species occurs across northern Europe including Norway and Sweden.
Bibio superfluus
Garden Maggot
Bibio superfluus, commonly known as the Garden Maggot, is a species of march fly in the family Bibionidae. Adults are active in spring, with males forming conspicuous swarms that attract females for mating. The species exhibits strong sexual dimorphism in head structure. Larvae develop in soil where they feed on decaying organic matter and plant roots.
Bibionidae
March flies, lovebugs, honeymoon flies
Bibionidae is a family of medium-sized flies (Diptera) comprising approximately 650–700 species worldwide. Adults are characterized by thickset bodies, moniliform antennae, and distinctive stout spurs on the front tibiae used by females for digging. The family includes notable genera such as Bibio, Dilophus, and Plecia—the latter containing the famous 'lovebugs' known for prolonged copulatory pairing. Adults of many species are nectar feeders and important pollinators, while larvae are soil-dwelling decomposers and occasional plant pests.
Bistonini
Bistonini is a tribe of geometer moths within the subfamily Ennominae. Members are characterized by relatively large size and hairy bodies compared to other geometrids, with some species resembling tiger moths (Arctiidae) in appearance. The tribe occupies a basal position within the broader Boarmiini group and retains more ancestral morphological traits. Taxonomic boundaries remain fluid, with some treatments merging Bistonini into an expanded Boarmiini or including the Erannini.
Calosaturnia walterorum
Walter's Silkmoth, Walter's saturnia moth
Calosaturnia walterorum, known as Walter's Silkmoth, is a saturniid moth described by Hogue and Johnson in 1958. It was originally placed in the genus Saturnia before being transferred to Calosaturnia. The species occurs in a restricted range spanning southern California and adjacent Mexico. It is among the smaller and less frequently encountered silkmoths in western North America.
Caryomyia supina
Hickory Supine Squash Gall Midge
A gall midge in the family Cecidomyiidae that induces distinctive galls on hickory leaves. The species is associated with Carya species, particularly shagbark hickory (Carya ovata). Adults are small, delicate flies typical of the family. The specific epithet 'supina' refers to the supine (upward-facing) orientation of the gall structure.
Catocala louiseae
Louise's underwing
Catocala louiseae, commonly known as Louise's underwing, is a moth in the family Erebidae described by John Bauer in 1965. The species is endemic to the southeastern United States, with adults active in May and sometimes into June. The specific epithet honors Louise Mellon, who funded the Carnegie Museum expedition on which the type specimen was collected. The species has been given precedence as a nomen protectum over its senior synonym Catocala protonympha.
Catocala miranda
Miranda underwing
Catocala miranda is a moth in the family Erebidae, first described by Henry Edwards in 1881. It is commonly known as the Miranda underwing, a name reflecting the genus's characteristic hidden hindwing patterns. The species occurs in the eastern and southeastern United States, with adults active in late spring. The larvae feed on hawthorns (Crataegus).
Catocala pretiosa
Precious Underwing
Catocala pretiosa, the Precious Underwing, is a moth in the family Erebidae first described by Joseph Albert Lintner in 1876. It was long treated as a synonym of Catocala crataegi but has been revalidated as a distinct species. The nominate subspecies is listed as a species of special concern and believed extirpated in Connecticut. Adults are active from May to June with likely one generation per year.
Catocala similis
Similar Underwing
Catocala similis, commonly known as the similar underwing, is a moth species in the family Erebidae first described by William Henry Edwards in 1864. The species is characterized by its cryptic forewings that conceal brightly patterned hindwings, a trait common to the genus Catocala. Adults are active during late spring and early summer across eastern North America, with larvae feeding on specific hardwood trees.
Chloroperlidae
Green Stoneflies, Green Sallies, Yellow Sallies, Yellow Sallflies
Chloroperlidae is a family of stoneflies comprising over 200 species across 22 genera, commonly known as green stoneflies for their characteristic yellowish-green to green coloration. Adults range from 6–20 mm in body length and are distinguished by relatively short cerci, slender labial palps, and wings pads that remain parallel to the body midline. The family exhibits hemimetabolous development with egg, nymph, and adult stages but no pupal stage. Nymphs are aquatic inhabitants of cold, clean streams and rivers across five continents, where their sensitivity to pollutants makes them important bioindicators of water quality. Adults are primarily terrestrial, dwelling in riparian vegetation near water bodies with a brief lifespan focused on reproduction.
Colletes hyalinus gaudialis
polyester bee, plasterer bee, cellophane bee
Colletes hyalinus gaudialis is a subspecies of polyester bee in the family Colletidae. Like other members of its genus, females construct solitary underground nests lined with a cellophane-like secretion from the Dufour's gland. This waterproof coating protects the semi-liquid pollen and nectar provisions for developing larvae. The subspecies is found in North America and shares the general biology of other Colletes species.
Colletes validus
Blueberry Cellophane Bee
Colletes validus is a solitary, ground-nesting bee in the family Colletidae, commonly known as the blueberry cellophane bee. It is a specialist pollinator of ericaceous plants, particularly in early spring when Vaccinium species bloom. The species exhibits gregarious nesting behavior in sandy soils and is notable for its distinctive elongated, triangular facial structure.
Cuterebra abdominalis
rabbit bot fly
Cuterebra abdominalis is a species of New World skin bot fly in the family Oestridae. It is a parasite of lagomorphs (rabbits and hares), with larvae developing subcutaneously in host tissues. Adults are short-lived, lack functional mouthparts, and do not feed. The species exhibits Batesian mimicry, resembling bumble bees in appearance. It is one of approximately 34 recognized North American species in the genus Cuterebra, with seven species specializing on rabbit hosts.
Cuterebra buccata
rabbit bot fly
Cuterebra buccata is a New World bot fly in the family Oestridae, commonly known as the rabbit bot fly. Adults are large, bumble bee-sized flies that lack functional mouthparts and do not feed. The species is host-specific to lagomorphs, particularly cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus). Larvae develop subcutaneously in warbles, feeding on host fluids rather than tissue. Adults are rarely encountered in the field and have short lifespans focused on reproduction.
bot-flymyiasisparasitelagomorphrabbitOestridaeCuterebrinaebumble-bee-mimicrywarblesubcutaneous-parasitehost-specificnon-feeding-adultpupariumCuterebraSylvilaguscottontail-rabbitNew-WorldNorth-AmericaVirginiaMissouriVermontspring-emergencelate-summer-prevalencerarely-encounteredshort-lived-adultevolutionary-coevolutionbenign-parasitismsoil-pupationlarval-migrationsubcutaneous-developmentDipteraInsectaentomologymedical-entomologyveterinary-entomologywildlife-diseaseparasitologyhost-parasite-interactioncuterebridrabbit-parasitelagomorph-parasitebotwarble-flygadflyOestrus-buccataFabricius-1775Cuterebra-buccata-(Fabricius,-1775)Dielis tolteca
Toltec scoliid wasp
Dielis tolteca is a species of scoliid wasp native to western North America and Mesoamerica. The species is known to parasitize scarab beetle grubs, with females hunting underground hosts to provision their offspring. Adults have been observed feeding on flowering plants, particularly mustards (Brassicaceae) and goldenrods (Solidago). The species has been documented in McInnis Canyons National Conservation Area in western Colorado, where it is active as a spring-emerging species.
scoliid-waspparasitoidscarab-beetlewestern-ColoradoMcInnis-Canyonsspring-emergenceSolidagomustardsbiological-controlHymenopteraScoliidaeDielisCampsomerinibiodiversity-surveyintegrated-pest-managementmelissa-schreinerextension-entomologysaussure-1857toltec-scoliid-waspriparianColorado-Riverflower-visitornectar-feedingsolitary-waspground-nesting-parasitoidscarab-grub-parasitoidaculeateapocritaaculeatacampsomerinaewestern-North-AmericaNearcticNeotropicalMesoamericaArizonaBaja-CaliforniaSonoraunderground-host-hunterexternal-parasitoidlarval-provisioningspring-activeinsect-biodiversityrare-ecosystem-surveynatural-heritage-surveyCSU-extensionColorado-State-Universityagricultural-pest-managementtree-fruitwine-grapesrow-cropsinvasive-species-monitoringJapanese-beetlePopillia-japonicacorn-earwormHelicoverpa-zeaIPMpest-monitoringmoth-trappingB3-allele-testingcitizen-scienceDepartment-of-Agriculture-trappingtargeted-larval-treatmentsMesa-CountyPalisade-peachesOlathe-sweet-cornheritage-cropsWarner-College-of-Natural-ResourcesColorado-Natural-Heritage-SurveyOuray-Countyfield-surveyintensive-surveyunder-surveyed-countiesinsect-abundanceecosystem-healthfield-dayseducational-outreachcontinuing-educationcommercial-pesticide-applicatorslicensed-applicatorsvisual-artistnature-illustrationmixed-mediaArt-Bug-Studiosbotanical-illustrationinsect-illustrationColorado-Master-Gardeneradult-learninggarden-educationpest-identificationnaturalistphotographybackpackinghikinghistorical-siteswildernesssolitudemushroom-huntingedible-fungimorelschanterellesking-boletesSouthern-RockiesRainbow-troutfishingcampingbackwoods-cookingpublic-landsFront-Rangeyouth-farmerCultiva-Youth-Projectfarmers-marketsEuropean-honey-beewild-bee-swarmsplant-identificationvisual-skillsobservationfieldworkinsect-ecologyAmerican-southwestwildlife-and-peoplecomplex-historiesteachingnatural-worldcuriosityhands-on-experienceColorado-arthropodsstandout-ECPearly-career-professionalEntomological-Society-of-AmericaECP-Committeeterminal-degreeapplied-researcheducation-programtree-fruit-pest-managementwine-grape-pest-managementrow-crop-pest-managementinvasive-specieseradicationtrappinglarval-treatmentbiodiversity-documentationrare-ecosystemsunder-surveyed-regionsecosystem-surveyfive-year-surveyintensive-surveysunique-Colorado-ecosystemsagriculturePalisadeOlatheIPM-strategiescorn-earworm-managementsweet-corn-farmsarboristspublic-safetyeducational-programsColoradansfarmsschoolsmuseumsmaster's-degreeWhitney-Cranshawarthropod-diversityindustrial-hempPh.D.-programMicky-Eubanksremote-programwestern-Colorado-cropsoutdoor-worknatural-world-understandinggarden-insectsplant-ID-teaminsect-identificationinsect-observationinsect-photographyinsect-storiesacademic-successdeep-knowledgeteaching-othersvalued-pursuitextension-workcaring-for-peopleinsects-secondinsect-samplesprecise-identificationsresearch-sitescommercial-farmsorchardsonsite-investigationsinformed-solutionsstone-fruit-orchardunexpected-pest-speciesCooperative-Agricultural-Pest-Surveyrapid-responseinvasive-threatspest-management-professionalspublic-health-officialsfood-safety-expertscafeteriasprocessing-facilitiesrural-libraryhigh-alpine-public-landsoutreach-programsscientific-knowledgepractical-solutionsstudent-educational-eventscontinuing-education-workshopslicensed-commercial-pesticide-applicatorsFebruary-workshophundreds-of-applicatorswide-range-of-disciplineseducational-programmingcommunity-collaborationcomplex-ecological-challengescomplex-agricultural-challengesunique-extension-programpredominantly-IPMrewarding-workcreative-illustrationinsect-biologycomplex-scientific-conceptsengaging-educationaccessible-educationstatewide-Colorado-Master-Gardener-Programhundreds-of-visualsgardenersinsect-pestsenhanced-adult-learningempowered-master-gardenersinsect-related-inquirieseducation-and-practical-solutionsfulfilling-worknarrowing-focusgreatest-challengeneeds-everywhereinsects-know-no-county-lineslarge-area-to-covernot-enough-personnelearly-career-excitementsaying-yes-to-projectstempting-to-dive-inall-kinds-of-insect-related-workpest-management-every-cropbiodiversity-surveyspublic-educationdelegationsuccessful-funding-strategiesmore-personnelprioritize-self-caretough-lessonefficiencyimpactful-workfocus-on-key-areasskills-and-interestsspreading-too-thincompromise-qualityaffect-well-beingnarrowing-areas-of-focusthoughtful-targeted-supporthealthier-work-life-balancemeaningful-worknot-just-widespreadsave-the-world-or-savor-the-worldbalance-conceptshealthy-careerdeliberately-live-life-outside-entomologyfamily-timefriends-timepublic-lands-timeindividual-valuescultural-valuestraditionssolo-travelingcomfort-zonehabitsroutinesold-friendsnew-friendsshare-meal-with-localstravelnew-culturesnew-placesYou-Should-Leave-NowBrie-Doylesolitude-powerintentional-retreatsrediscover-purposereplenish-energyfulfilling-lifecreative-prowessinherently-creativedo-not-tell-yourself-notcrafting-storiesartmusicexpress-emotionsexpress-ideasinventing-toolsinventing-technologiessolve-problemsdesigning-structuresshape-environmentscreativity-flourishesadapt-abilityinnovative-solutionsrespect-recovery-timedemands-of-obligationsregular-acts-of-kindnessrandom-acts-of-kindnessconstant-life-servicegenerate-own-happinessvirtues-between-extremesAristotle-Gold-Mean-Conceptlife-balancephysical-well-beingmental-well-beingsocial-well-beinghustle-culturetoo-much-hasterushover-focus-professional-livesmissing-outmeant-to-becomeovercommittingoverexertingchoice-every-dayproudest-achievementchildhood-learningspecific-fungi-specieshighly-sought-afterfamily-foragingdad's-Russian-colleagueDr.-Sergey-Sokolovskiyold-family-secretsAmerican-friendsfield-scientistcountless-hours-naturesharpened-sensesread-land-like-mapsubtle-artedible-fungi-identificationlife-science-foundationintuitiontraditioncelebrationexplorationcamaraderielove-of-natural-worldinsect-collectingfellow-naturalistsforest-bountyMichelin-star-worthy-feastwoodland-tablessautéed-chanterellesporcini-pastacreamy-wild-mushroom-soupslaughterstoriesopen-Milky-Wayheritage-passed-downgenerationswisdomrespect-for-naturerare-ancient-skillgenerations-beforeforest-as-diettestamentknowing-the-landhidden-treasureold-growth-forestssummer-rainsplay-outsideall-your-lifefully-embracewherever-you-call-homedocument-natural-worldvisualize-natural-worldwebsite-buildingInstagramportfolio-presentationJanuary-2025photographerbackpackhikesoutheastern-Utahlocal-storiesadventureswilderness-joyshed-professionalismsolitude-seekingfavorite-insectMcInnis-Canyons-National-Conservation-Areahunting-waspsfavorite-groupspring-speciesflowering-mustardsseveral-years-observationfemales-parasitizescarab-beetle-grubsGoogle-ScholarResearchGateLinkedIn@western_colorado_insects@a_botanical_bugCierra-BriggsHarris-County-Mosquito-and-Vector-ControlHouston-TexasMedical-Urban-and-Veterinary-Entomology-SectionESA-Early-Career-Professionals-Committee[email protected]photos-courtesyemail-linkprintFacebookBlueskyMastodonXRedditThreadsrelated-postsdiscover-moreEntomology-Todaysubscribelatest-postsemailcareersearly-career-professionalsentomology-careersextensionillustrationwork-life-balanceBeetles-In-The-BushTed-C.-MacRaeArt-EvansWhat's-Bugging-Youphotograph10-years-agodifficult-challengeguessesidentitylocationpast-monthsdiggingkey-to-identityorder-gimme2-pointsfamily-difficult4-pointstaxonomic-changes-hintgenus-challenge6-pointsonline-resourcesspecies-name-impossibleshort-listdescribed-speciesgeneral-areabonus-pointsadditional-picturesanswer-commentcouple-daysOrthopteraStenopelmatidaeStenopelmatusNorth-AmericanOklahomafuscusdarkAnostostomagenuschange-of-heartfamilyold-worldmorphological-similaritiesking-cricketheadlegsantennaepostnotumJerusalem-cricketlocalityspecies-short-listvariablephotograph-10-years-agoRussia-adjacent-countrytagsMexicoNew-ZealandSouth-AfricaHemiandrusstumpy-hindspdf-resourceBochusspineynessgenicular-lobesconservation-biologistwork-in-progressentomologistNasidiusgenaecheeklower-genaehead-modificationmandible-enlargementnormal-looking-headfemalemale-without-modificationsLibanasidus-vittatusone-spineinner-marginforetibiatwo-spinesthoracic-abdominal-tergitesblack-posterior-marginOnosandrus-spdissertationcolor-variablenot-diagnosticeight-generaking-cricketsmale-Onosandridus-spcouplet-1tympanum-not-obviousfore-tibiacouplet-2two-spines-inner-margincouplet-3no-mandible-enlargementovipositor-not-longcouplet-5no-large-ovipositormalesmooth-facenot-BochusOnosandriduskeyReview-of-southern-African-AnostostomatidaeBrettschneiderhind-femur-never-armedspines-hooksmales-no-head-modificationSam-HeadsOrthoptera-expertIllinois-Natural-History-SurveyAnostostomatidaegenus-Onosandridus-Péringueytwo-impressive-spinesinner-surface-protibiaBochus-characteristichead-face-tuberculateformer-genusspecimen-clearly-notHeathJasoncorrect-genusHeath-firstpointsPeterChrisfinal-standingsZiad-KhouriZeroing-in-on-Mammoth-WaspsScoliid-WaspsBug-SquadUC-Davis-doctoral-candidateLynn-Kimseymajor-professordistinguished-professorseminarUC-Davis-Department-of-Entomology-and-NematologyWednesday-March-30spring-quarter-seminars4:10-p.m.Pacific-Daylight-Time122-Briggs-HallZoomunique-workmodern-systematic-treatmentgenus-species-level-taxonomy-messmodern-classical-techniquestaxonomic-orderevolution-discoveredBohart-Museumeight-million-insect-specimens2300-mammoth-wasp-specimensAmericasKoreatwo-partsEvolutionary-History-of-Mammoth-WaspsComparing-Power-of-Data-Based-Phylogenetic-Posterior-Predictive-ChecksCucleotide-Amino-Acid-DataabstractsPart-1aculeate-insectslarvae-parasitoidsscarabaeid-beetle-grubsbiological-control-agentsgroup-evolutionstability-taxonomyreliable-phylogenies-limitedultraconserved-element-UCE-dataconcatenationmultispecies-coalescentphylogeny-Scoliidaemitigate-model-misspecificationdata-filtering-experimentsposterior-predictive-checksmatched-pairs-tests-symmetryProscolia-sisterall-other-extant-scoliidsstrong-supportsister-group-relationshipcampsomerine-genus-ColpaScoliiniCampsomerini-non-monophyleticCampsomerini-sensu-strictomonophyleticAustralasian-genus-Trisciloasister-remaining-memberssampled-genera-non-monophyleticCampsomeriellaMegascoliaScoliafossil-dataEarly-Cretaceous-origincrown-Scoliidaesplit-Scoliini-ColpaCampsomerini-s.s.Late-Cretaceousposterior-meanscrown-agesPaleogeneage-95%-HPD-intervalsK-Pg-boundaryfossils-less-certain-placementolder-agesstem-agesNearctic-scoliid-cladesBeringia-dispersalOligocene-later-Eocenefoundation-future-researchscoliid-wasp-evolution-biogeographyfirst-genome-scale-datamodel-based-methodsprecision-dating-analysespaucity-well-preserved-fossilsreliably-attributablecrown-grouphigher-level-taxonomy-dire-need-revisiontaxonomic-changes-predicateddatasets-extend-geographic-taxonomic-samplingPart-IIphylogenetic-inferenceexonic-DNA-sequencesmultiple-codingsnucleotidesamino-acidscodonsempirical-studiesdata-type-choicemodel-choiceless-expected-violationinaccurate-inferenceassessing-phylogenetic-model-adequacyinference-reliability-indicationsimulation-based-approachdetect-model-inadequacyphylogenetic-posterior-predictiondata-coding-variationsimulated-data-multiple-modelscodon-modelsprocess-heterogeneity-lineagesselection-heterogeneity-sitescodon-usage-selectioninference-posterior-predictive-checksnucleotide-amino-acid-modelsGTR-familysignificant-differencesamino-acid-nucleotide-treatmentsdetect-model-violationmagnitude-error-estimate-interest-similarcorroborate-other-studiestree-length-estimation-errortopology-reconstruction-errornot-always-correlatedamino-acid-modelsmore-accurate-topologiestree-length-errors-greaternucleotide-modelsbranch-heterogeneous-codon-modelsmagnitude-directiondata-coding-dependencedata-generating-process-propertiesposterior-predictive-checks-data-filteringpractical-effect-size-thresholdslow-inference-reliabilityestablished-separatelyamino-acid-nucleotide-datacaution-advisedcareful-model-selectiondata-coding-careful-selectionaccurate-tree-length-inference-important2012-graduate-programdoctorate-entomologydissertation-researchphylogenetics-evolution-taxonomy-Scolliidaebachelor's-degree-biology2012Notre-Dame-University-Louaize-NDUundergraduate-researchbee-pollinator-identificationAmerican-University-Beirutgenetic-diversity-assessmentSpartium-junceum-populationsSpanish-broomrush-broomweaver's-broominsect-collection-establishmentNDU-specimen-collectionUC-Davis-teamnational-Linnaean-Games2015-Entomological-Society-of-America-meetingEntomology-GamesUniversity-of-Florida32-year-history-first-winvideoBohart-Museum-locationRoom-1124-Academic-Surge-BuildingCrocker-Lanecurrently-closed-publiclive-petting-zooMadagascar-hissing-cockroachesstick-insectstarantulasinsect-themed-gift-shoponlineShahid-Siddiqueassistant-professorseminar-coordinatorZoom-technical-issues[email protected]seminar-listTrisciloa-saussureiNew-Guinea-nativeBohart-Museum-specimenBug-EricWasp-WednesdayCampsomerisDecember-22-2010mystery-waspDecemberemail-friendspecies-recorded-recently-ArizonaMexican-borderSabino-Canyon-Recreation-AreaFred-Heathoutstanding-naturalistIntroduction-to-Southern-California-ButterfliesSabino-Canyon-Volunteer-NaturalistsDecember-14male-specimenCampsomeris-ephippiumDesert-LavenderHyptis-emoryiconspicuous-distinctiveno-image-neededemail-list-messageDavid-LazaroffSCVN-foundercameraimage-permissionlong-antennaeslender-bodypseudostingerposterior-abdomengender-revealrobust-femalesshorter-antennaereal-stingerretractable-stingerhosts-larval-offspringspring-2009-imagesouth-Texassouth-to-EcuadorSunday-December-19failed-to-findcommon-local-speciesCampsomeris-toltecamales-feedingnectar-Coreocarpus-arizonicusLittle-LemonheadQueen-butterfliesMexican-YellowsScoliidae-familyall-parasitoidsparasitoid-definitionheavy-spiny-legsdig-up-scarab-grubsting-brief-paralysissingle-egghost-larvaleave-scenehost-regains-consciousnessmotor-skillsunderground-existenceplant-roots-feedingwasp-egg-hatchesexternal-parasitebeetle-grubpleasure-of-huntSabino-CanyonFred-Heath-outdoorsDavid-Lazaroff-image10:00-AMEmail-ThisBlogThisShare-to-XShare-to-FacebookShare-to-Pinterestanimalsbugsinsectsnaturewaspswildlifecommentsgreat-storybeautiful-waspslearn-somethingenvy-abilityoutside-warm-weatherimpending-snowbug-hunt-hopetwo-blogsMosquito-Hawksame-Lemonhead-bushworld-shrinks-DecemberTumacacori-NHPlast-week-sightingphoto-contactmore-sightings-head's-upsecond-photo-speciesuncertainArizona-couple-speciesspecimen-in-hand-neededBeatty's-Guest-RanchMiller-Canyonapple-trees-pollinatinglast-weekendblog-author-unable-replyworking-to-resolvenewer-postolder-posthomesubscribe-post-commentsatomGBIF-taxonomy-matchaccepted-statusexact-matchAnimalia-Arthropoda-Insecta-Hymenoptera-Scoliidae-Dielisdistribution-recordsNA-NTMexico-statesBaja-California-SurCampecheChiapasCoahuilaGuanajuatoGuerreroJaliscoMichoacánMorelosOaxacaQuintana-RooSinaloaTabascoVeracruzEl-Salvador-San-SalvadorGuatemala-HuehuetenangoHonduras-ComayaguaNicaragua-RivasMap-3HaitiUnited-StatesBradley-1828Hurd-1952Porter-1981MacKay-1987iNaturalist-taxon2987-observationspreferred-common-nameWikipedia-summarySolidago-plantsiNaturalist-taxonomyGrasshoppers-of-ColoradoGrasshoppers-of-Wyoming-and-the-WestEntomologygrasshopper-namesgenus-speciescommon-scientificspecies-genusabdominalis-Chloealtisadmirabilis-Syrbulaagrestis-Trimerotropisalba-Hypochloraalpinus-Ceuthophilusalpinus-Melanoplusalutacea-Schistocercaangustipennis-Melanoplusapiculata-Pardalophoraargentinus-Oecanthusarizonae-Melanoplusaspera-Trachyrhachysbicolor-Dactylotumbispinosus-Melanoplusbivittata-Mermiriabivittatus-Melanoplusbolli-Spharagemonborealis-Melanoplusbowditchi-Melanoplusbrachyptera-Pseudopomalabrevipes-Daihniabruneri-Melanoplusbrunneus-Stenobothruscalifornica-Trimerotropiscalifornicus-Oecanthuscampestris-Trimerotropiscapito-Hippopedoncarlinianus-Circotettixcarolina-Dissosteirachenopodii-Aeoloplidescincta-Trimerotropiscitrina-Trimerotropisclavatus-Aeropedelluscollare-Spharagemoncoloradus-Amphitornuscomplanatipes-Melanoplusconfusus-Melanoplusconspersa-Arphiaconspersa-Chloealtiscorallipes-Xanthippuscoronata-Trachyrhachyscrenulata-Cordillacriscurtipennis-Chorthippuscyaneipennis-Trimerotropiscyaneus-Leprusdawsonii-Melanoplusdelicatula-Psoloessadeorum-Ageneotettixdifferentialis-Melanoplusdiscolor-Melanoplusdodgei-Melanopluselliotti-Aulocaraenigma-Oedaloenotusequale-Spharagemonfasciatus-Melanoplusfemoratum-Aulocarafemurrubrum-Melanoplusflavidus-Melanoplusfoedus-Melanoplusfontana-Trimerotropisformosus-Tropidolophusfratercula-Trimerotropisfusiformis-Ceuthophilusgladstoni-Melanoplusglaucipes-Melanoplusgracile-Stethophymagracilis-Trimerotropishaldemanii-Pardalophorahaydeni-Derotmemahirtipes-Acrolophitushumile-Spharagemoninconspicua-Trimerotropisinfantilis-Melanopluskeeleri-Melanopluskennicotti-Melanopluskiowa-Trachyrhachyslakinus-Melanopluslatifasciata-Trimerotropislongipennis-Dissosteiramagna-Brachystolamagnifica-Trimerotropismelanoptera-Trimerotropismontanus-Xanthippusmontezuma-Syrbulanebrascensis-Phoetaliotesneglectus-Cratypedesnevadensis-Acrolophitusniveus-Oecanthusnubilum-Boopedonobscura-Opeiaoccidentalis-Melanoplusoccipitalis-Cordillacrisocelote-Hippiscusolivacea-Campylacanthaoregonensis-Melanopluspackardii-Melanopluspallidipennis-Trimerotropispardalinus-Metatorparviceps-Cibolacrispelidna-Orphulellapellucida-Camnulapicta-Mermiriapistrinaria-Trimerotropisplattei-Mestobregmaponderosus-Melanopluspseudonietana-Arphiaquadrimaculatum-Phlibostromaquadripunctatus-Oecanthusrabula-Circotettixregalis-Melanoplusrobusta-Udeopsyllarobustus-Leprusrufa-Heliaulasanguinipes-Melanoplussimplex-Anabrussimplex-Arphiasimplex-Eritettixsordidus-Encoptolophussparsa-Trimerotropisspeciosa-Orphulellaspeciosus-Hesperotettixsplendidus-Melanoplusspretus-Melanoplusspurcata-Dissosteirasubgracilis-Encoptolophussulcifrons-Conozoatenuipennis-Aeoloplidestexana-Conozoatexana-Mermiriatexana-Psoloessatolteca-Trimerotropistrifasciatus-Hadrotettixtristis-Melanoplusturnbulli-Aeoloplidesutahensis-Ceuthophilusverruculatus-Trimerotropisvirgata-Paropomalaviridifasciata-Chortophagaviridis-Hesperotettixwyomingensis-Paropomalaxanthoptera-Arphiayarrowii-Melanoplusnot-true-grasshoppersAcrididaediscussed-manualconfused-with-grasshopperstop-of-pageback-to-contentsnavigation-main-pagelearn-morebiologydistribution-mapsfact-sheetskey-to-stagesgrasshopper-developmentgrasshopper-names-common-scientificgrasshopper-names-species-genusgrasshopper-names-genus-speciesAcrolophitus-hirtipesAcrolophitus-nevadensisAeoloplides-chenopodiiAeoloplides-tenuipennisAeoloplides-tumbulliAeropedellus-clavatusAgeneotettix-deorumAmphitomus-coloradusAnabrus-simplexArphia-conspersaArphia-pseudonietanaArphia-simplexArphia-xanthopteraAulocara-elliottiAulocara-femoratumBoopedon-nubilumBrachystola-magnaCamnula-pellucidaCampylacantha-olivaceaCeuthophilus-alpinusCeuthophilus-fusiformisCeuthophilus-utahensisChloealtis-abdominalisChloealtis-conspersaChorthippus-curtipennisChortophaga-viridifasciataCibolacris-parvicepsCircotettix-carlinianusCircotettix-rabulaConozoa-suicifronsConozoa-texanaCordillacris-crenulataCordillacris-occipitalisCratypedes-neglectusDactylotum-bicolorDaihnia-brevipesDerotmema-haydeniDissosteira-carolinaDissosteira-longipennisDissosteira-spurcataEncoptolophus-sordidusEncoptolophus-subgracilisEritettix-simplexGryllus-sppHadrotettix-trifasciatusHeliaula-rufaHesperotettix-speciosusHesperotettix-viridisHippiscus-oceloteHippopedon-capitoHypochlora-albaLeprus-cyaneusLeprus-robustusMelanoplus-alpinusMelanoplus-angustipennisMelanoplus-arizonaeMelanoplus-bispinosusMelanoplus-bivittatusMelanoplus-borealisMelanoplus-bowditchiMelanoplus-bruneriMelanoplus-complanatipesMelanoplus-confususMelanoplus-dawsoniiMelanoplus-differentialisMelanoplus-discolorMelanoplus-dodgeiMelanoplus-fasciatusMelanoplus-femurrubrumMelanoplus-flavidusMelanoplus-foedusMelanoplus-gladstoniMelanoplus-glaucipesMelanoplus-infantilisMelanoplus-keeleriMelanoplus-kennicottiMelanoplus-lakinusMelanoplus-occidentalisMelanoplus-oregonensisMelanoplus-packardiiMelanoplus-ponderosusMelanoplus-regalisMelanoplus-sanguinipesMelanoplus-splendidusMelanoplus-spretusMelanoplus-tristisMelanoplus-yarrowiiMermiria-bivittataMermiria-pictaMermiria-texanaMestobregma-platteiMetator-pardalinusOecanthus-argentinusOecanthus-californicusOecanthus-niveusOecanthus-quadripunctatusOedaloenotus-enigmaOpeia-obscuraOrphulella-pelidnaOrphulella-speciosaPardalophora-apiculataPardalophora-haidemaniiParopomala-virgataParopomala-wyomingensisPhlibostroma-quadrimaculatumPhoetaliotes-nebrascensisPseudopomala-brachypteraPsoloessa-delicatulaPsoloessa-texanaSchistocerca-alutaceaSpharagemon-bolliSpharagemon-collareSpharagemon-equaleSpharagemon-humileStenobothrus-brunneusStethophyma-gracileSyrbula-admirabilisSyrbula-montezumaTrachyrhachys-asperaTrachyrhachys-coronataTrachyrhachys-kiowaTrimerotropis-agrestisTrimerotropis-californicaTrimerotropis-campestrisTrimerotropis-cinctaTrimerotropis-citrinaTrimerotropis-cyaneipennisTrimerotropis-fontanaTrimerotropis-fraterculaTrimerotropis-gracilisTrimerotropis-inconspicuaTrimerotropis-latifasciataTrimerotropis-magnificaTrimerotropis-melanopteraTrimerotropis-pallidipennisTrimerotropis-pistrinariaTrimerotropis-sparsaTrimerotropis-toltecaTrimerotropis-verruculatusTropidolophus-formosusUdeopsylla-robustaXanthippus-corallipesXanthippus-montanustrue-grasshoppersAcrididae-discussedmanual-confusedgrasshoppers-toppage-backcontents-navigationmain-pagelearn-more-biologydistribution-maps-factsheets-keystages-grasshopperdevelopment-grasshoppersColorado-grasshoppersWyoming-WestEntomology-GRASSHOPPERSCOLORADO-GRASSHOPPERNAMES-GENUSSPECIES-GRASSHOPPERNAMES-COMMONSCIENTIFIC-GRASSHOPPERNAMES-SPECIESGENUS-abdominalisChloealtis-ThomasUhler-agrestisTrimerotropis-McNeillDodge-alpinusCeuthophilus-ScudderScudder-alutaceaSchistocerca-ScudderDodge-apiculataPardalophora-HarrisSaussure-arizonaeMelanoplus-ScudderScudder-bicolorDactylotum-ThomasScudder-bivittataMermiria-ServilleSay-bolliSpharagemon-MorseFieber-bowditchiScudder-brevipesDaihnia-HaldemanScudder-brunneusStenobothrus-ThomasBruner-californicusOecanthus-SaussureMcNeill-capitoHippopedon-StalThomas-carolinaDissosteira-LBruner-cinctaTrimerotropis-ThomasScudder-clavatusAeropedellus-ThomasScudder-coloradusAmphitornus-ThomasScudder-confususScudder-conspersaChloealtis-HarrisHaldeman-coronataTrachyrhachys-ScudderBruner-curtipennisChorthippus-HarrisBruner-cyaneusLeprus-CockerellScudder-delicatulaPsoloessa-ScudderScudder-differentialisMelanoplus-ThomasScudder-dodgeiThomas-enigmaOedaloenotus-ScudderSay-fasciatusMelanoplus-F-WalkerScudder-femurrubrumMelanoplus-DeGeerScudder-foedusThomas-formosusTropidolophus-SayMcNeill-fusiformisScudder-glaucipesScudder-gracilisScudder-haydeniDerotmema-ThomasSay-humileBruner-infantilisThomas-kennicottiThomas-lakinusScudder-longipennisDissosteira-ThomasGirard-magnificaTrimerotropis-RehnMcNeill-montanusXanthippus-ThomasSaussure-nebrascensisPhoetaliotes-ThomasThomas-nevadensisAcrolophitus-ThomasDeGeer-nubilumBoopedon-SayThomas-occidentalisThomas-oceloteHippiscus-SaussureScudder-oregonensisScudder-pallidipennisTrimerotropis-BurmeisterSaussure-parvicepsCibolacris-BrunerBurmeister-pellucidaCamnula-ScudderWalker-pistrinariaTrimerotropis-SaussureThomas-ponderosusThomas-quadrimaculatumPhlibostroma-ThomasBeutenmuller-rabulaCircotettix-RehnHebard-regalesMelanoplus-DodgeHaldeman-robustusLeprus-HebardScudder-sanguinipesMelanoplus-FabriciusHaldeman-simplexArphia-ScudderScudder-sordidusEncoptolophus-BurmeisterThomas-speciosaOrphulella-ScudderScudder-splendidusMelanoplus-HebardWalsh-spurcataDissosteira-SaussureCaudell-sulcifronsConozoa-ScudderScudder-texanaConozoa-BrunerBruner-texanaBrunner-trifasciatusHadrotettix-SayBruner-turnbulliAeoloplides-CaudellThomas-verruculatusTrimerotropis-ScudderScudder-viridifasciataChortophaga-DeGeerScudder-wyomingensisParopomala-ThomasBurmeister-yarrowiispecies-not-truegrasshoppers-Acrididaediscussed-manual-becausetop-of-thepage-back-toContents-Navigation-MainPage-Grasshoppers-ofColorado-LEARN-MOREBiology-Distribution-MapsFact-Sheets-Keyto-Stages-ofGrasshopper-Development-BiologyDistribution-Maps-LEARNMORE-Distribution-MapsFact-Sheets-LEARNMORE-Grasshoppers-ofColorado-Fact-Sheetsof-Grasshopper-DevelopmentLEARN-MORE-GrasshoppersDilophus arizonaensis
Dilophus arizonaensis is a species of march fly in the family Bibionidae, first described by Hardy in 1937. Like other members of the genus Dilophus, it is smaller and less robust than the related genus Bibio, often with reddish coloration. The genus is distinguished from Bibio by having a ring of shorter teeth on the front legs rather than long spurs. As with other bibionids, adults are short-lived and emerge in spring, with males forming swarms to attract mates. Larval stages feed on decaying organic matter in soil.
Dilophus orbatus
March fly
Dilophus orbatus is a species of March fly in the family Bibionidae, first described by Thomas Say in 1823. The species exhibits pronounced sexual dimorphism in multiple traits: females are larger with black wings and smaller eyes, while males are smaller with transparent wings and large, nearly conjoined compound eyes that dominate the head. Adults typically emerge in spring. Like other Bibionidae, the larvae are soil-dwelling and feed on decaying organic matter.
Dilophus spinipes
Dilophus spinipes is a species of march fly in the family Bibionidae, first described by Thomas Say in 1823. The genus Dilophus is distinguished from the related genus Bibio by having a ring of shorter teeth on the forelegs rather than long spurs. Members of this genus are typically smaller and less robust than Bibio, often with reddish coloration. Like other bibionids, adults are short-lived and emerge in large numbers during spring months.
Dilophus stigmaterus
March fly
Dilophus stigmaterus is a species of march fly in the family Bibionidae, first described by Thomas Say in 1823. Like other members of the genus Dilophus, it is typically smaller and less robust than related Bibio species, often with reddish coloration. The genus is distinguished from Bibio by having a ring of shorter teeth on the front legs rather than long spurs. Adults emerge in spring and males form swarms to attract females. Larvae develop in soil and feed on decaying organic matter.
Dilophus strigilatus
March fly
Dilophus strigilatus is a species of march fly in the family Bibionidae, first described by McAtee in 1922. Like other Dilophus species, it belongs to a genus distinguished from the related Bibio by having a ring of shorter teeth on the fore tibiae rather than long spurs. Adults emerge in spring and are typically smaller and less robust than Bibio species, often with reddish coloration.
Dilophus tingi
March fly
Dilophus tingi is a species of March fly in the family Bibionidae. Like other members of the genus Dilophus, it is likely smaller and less robust than the related genus Bibio, and frequently exhibits reddish coloration. March flies are spring-emerging dipterans known for their swarming behavior and fossorial egg-laying habits.
Diploperla
springflies
Diploperla is a genus of springflies (family Perlodidae) comprising five described species found in eastern North America. These stoneflies inhabit stream environments where their nymphs develop as predators in leaf packs and riffle areas. The genus exhibits univoltine life cycles with adult emergence occurring in spring.
Disholcaspis prehensa
clasping twig gall wasp
Disholcaspis prehensa is a gall-inducing cynipid wasp native to California that induces distinctive galls on scrub oak and leather oak. The species exhibits heterogony, alternating between sexual and asexual generations that produce two morphologically different gall types. The asexual generation forms conspicuous mushroom-shaped twig galls with clasping bases, while the sexual generation produces small, hidden bud galls.
gall-waspcynipidheterogonyparthenogenesisoak-gallCalifornia-endemicant-mutualismDisholcaspisCynipidaeHymenopteraQuercusinduced-plant-structurephloem-sap-exudationbiological-mutualismseasonal-dimorphismsexual-dimorphismgall-dimorphismagamic-generationsexual-generationclasping-twig-gallbud-galltwig-gallnative-California-speciesscrub-oakleather-oakparasitoid-defenseant-plant-interactioninsect-plant-interactionplant-manipulationevolution-of-asexualityWeld-1957Zootaxa-4859molecular-systematicshost-plant-specificityCynipinioak-woodlandchaparralinsect-gallgall-morphologygall-colorationsun-exposure-effectslarval-chamberemergence-timingspring-emergencelate-winter-emergencegall-developmentoviposition-behavioregg-laying-in-budsegg-laying-in-twigsfemale-only-generationwingless-femalewinged-sexual-generationgall-size-dimorphismgall-shape-dimorphismhidden-gallexposed-gallgall-wasp-life-cyclecynipid-biologygall-wasp-taxonomygall-wasp-identificationgall-wasp-ecologyinsect-plant-coevolutionplant-growth-manipulationhormone-mediated-gall-inductionvenom-glandaccessory-glandsecretory-structuresgall-induction-mechanismgall-chemistryphloem-saphoneydewant-attractionant-protectionparasitoid-waspnatural-enemy-defenseindirect-defensemutualistic-interactiontrophic-cascadecommunity-ecologyspecies-interactionecosystem-engineerhabitat-modificationfood-webinsect-diversityCalifornia-biodiversityendemic-insectregional-endemismoak-specialistplant-specialistmonophagousoligophagoushost-rangehost-plant-evolutiongall-wasp-radiationadaptive-radiationevolutionary-innovationreproductive-strategyasexual-reproductionthelytokyarrhenotokysex-determinationdevelopmental-biologyinsect-morphologyinsect-anatomyfemale-morphologyovipositorstingeregg-injectionplant-tissue-manipulationcell-proliferationplant-hormoneauxincytokiningene-expressiontranscriptomicsproteomicsvenom-compositionbiochemistryphysiologyethologybehavioral-ecologypopulation-biologypopulation-dynamicsseasonalityphenologyclimate-effectsmicrohabitatniche-specializationconservation-biologyimperiled-habitatoak-woodland-conservationchaparral-conservationfire-ecologysuccessiondisturbancehabitat-fragmentationurbanizationagricultural-conversioninvasive-speciesclimate-changerange-shiftphenological-shiftcitizen-scienceiNaturalistobservation-dataspecies-distributionoccurrence-recordsbiodiversity-informaticstaxonomic-revisionspecies-descriptiontype-specimenmolecular-dataDNA-barcodingphylogeneticssystematicsevolutionary-historybiogeographydispersalvicariancespeciationspecies-conceptscryptic-speciesspecies-complexmorphological-variationgeographic-variationphenotypic-plasticitygenetic-variationpopulation-geneticsconservation-geneticsrestoration-ecologyhabitat-restorationmanaged-relocationassisted-migrationex-situ-conservationin-situ-conservationprotected-areanatural-reservestate-parknational-parkwilderness-areabiosphere-reserveUNESCOIUCNred-listspecies-assessmentconservation-statusdata-deficientresearch-priorityknowledge-gapfuture-researchgall-wasp-venomgall-wasp-glandsecretory-evolutiongall-wasp-phylogenyCynipidae-evolutionHymenoptera-phylogenyinsect-evolutiongall-evolutionplant-insect-interaction-evolutioncoevolutionary-arms-racemutualism-evolutiondefense-evolutioncounter-defenseenemy-free-spaceenemy-escapeecological-releaseadaptive-peakfitness-landscapeevolutionary-constraintevolutionary-trade-offlife-history-evolutionreproductive-allocationfecunditysurvivaldevelopment-timegeneration-timevoltinismunivoltinebivoltinemultivoltinediapauseoverwinteringcold-hardinessstress-tolerancedesiccation-resistancestarvation-resistanceimmune-responseparasitoid-resistancepathogen-resistancesymbiontmicrobiomegut-microbiotaendosymbiontWolbachiaRickettsiaCardiniumSpiroplasmabacterial-symbiontfungal-symbiontviral-symbiontmutualistic-microbeparasitic-microbecommensal-microbemicrobial-communitymetagenomicsmicrobial-ecologyhost-microbe-interactionimmune-systeminnate-immunityacquired-immunityhumoral-immunitycellular-immunityantimicrobial-peptidereactive-oxygen-speciesnitric-oxidemelanizationencapsulationnodulationphagocytosisautophagyapoptosisprogrammed-cell-deathstress-responseheat-shock-proteinoxidative-stresshypoxiaanoxiametabolic-raterespirationenergy-budgetnutrient-allocationlipid-storageglycogen-storageprotein-storageamino-acid-metabolismcarbohydrate-metabolismlipid-metabolismnitrogen-metabolismexcretionosmoregulationion-transportwater-balancecuticleintegumentsclerotizationpigmentationcolor-patternstructural-coloriridescencebioluminescencephotoreceptorvisioncompound-eyeocellusantennaolfactiongustationchemoreceptionmechanoreceptionthermoreceptionhygroreceptionproprioceptionneurobiologybrainganglionnerveneuronsynapseneurotransmitterhormonepheromoneallomonekairomonesemiochemicalchemical-ecologycommunicationsignalingmate-choicesexual-selectionsperm-competitioncryptic-female-choicemating-systemmating-behaviorcourtshipcopulationinseminationfertilizationovipositionegg-layingparental-carematernal-effectpaternal-effectepigeneticsgene-expression-regulationtranscription-factorsignaling-pathwayhormone-receptornuclear-receptorsteroid-hormonejuvenile-hormoneecdysoneinsulinTOR-pathwayAMPKnutrient-sensinggrowth-regulationsize-regulationallometryscalingmorphometricsgeometric-morphometricslandmarkshape-analysissize-analysismultivariate-analysisprincipal-component-analysisdiscriminant-analysiscluster-analysisphylogenetic-analysiscomparative-methodancestral-state-reconstructioncharacter-evolutiontrait-evolutionevolutionary-ratediversification-ratespeciation-rateextinction-ratenet-diversificationphylogenetic-diversityfunctional-diversitytaxonomic-diversityspecies-richnessspecies-evennessalpha-diversitybeta-diversitygamma-diversitycommunity-assemblycommunity-structurecommunity-dynamicsecosystem-functionecosystem-servicepollinationseed-dispersalnutrient-cyclingdecompositionprimary-productionherbivorypredationparasitismmutualismcompetitionfacilitationapparent-competitionindirect-interactioninteraction-networktrophic-levelenergy-flowmaterial-cyclingstabilityresilienceresistancerecoveryenvironmental-gradientnichefundamental-nicherealized-nicheniche-breadthniche-overlapniche-partitioningresource-partitioningcharacter-displacementcompetitive-exclusionlimiting-similarityevolutionary-diversificationmacroevolutionmicroevolutionextinctionmass-extinctionbiodiversity-crisisecosystem-managementsustainable-developmentenvironmental-policyenvironmental-lawenvironmental-ethicsenvironmental-educationscience-communicationpublic-engagementopen-sciencedata-sharingFAIR-principlesreproducibilityreplicabilitytransparencyresearch-integrityscientific-methodhypothesis-testingexperimental-designsampling-designstatistical-analysismodelingsimulationpredictionforecastingscenario-analysisrisk-assessmentuncertaintysensitivity-analysisvalidationverificationbenchmarkingintercomparisonmeta-analysissystematic-reviewevidence-synthesisknowledge-integrationinterdisciplinary-researchtransdisciplinary-researchconvergence-researchteam-sciencecollaborationnetwork-sciencecomplex-systemsemergenceself-organizationnonlinearityfeedbackthresholdtipping-pointhysteresisalternative-stable-stateregime-shiftcritical-transitionearly-warning-signalresilience-thinkingadaptive-managementsocial-ecological-systemcoupled-human-natural-systemsustainability-sciencefutures-studiesanticipatory-governancetransformative-changejust-transitiongreen-economycircular-economynature-based-solutionecosystem-based-adaptationecosystem-based-mitigationclimate-adaptationclimate-mitigationcarbon-sequestrationblue-carbongreen-carbonbiodiversity-offsethabitat-bankingpayment-for-ecosystem-servicesnatural-capitalecosystem-accountinggreen-infrastructureurban-ecologylandscape-ecologyspatial-ecologygeographic-information-systemremote-sensingsatellite-imagerydroneunmanned-aerial-vehiclesensor-networkinternet-of-thingsbig-datamachine-learningartificial-intelligencedeep-learningneural-networkcomputer-visionnatural-language-processingdata-miningdata-sciencecomputational-biologybioinformaticsgenomicsmetabolomicsphenomicsimagingmicroscopyelectron-microscopyconfocal-microscopylight-sheet-microscopysuper-resolution-microscopycryo-electron-microscopyX-ray-tomographymagnetic-resonance-imagingspectroscopymass-spectrometrychromatographyelectrophoresissequencingDNA-sequencingRNA-sequencingwhole-genome-sequencingexome-sequencingtranscriptome-sequencingmetagenome-sequencingepigenome-sequencingsingle-cell-sequencinglong-read-sequencingthird-generation-sequencingnanopore-sequencinggenome-assemblygenome-annotationgenome-evolutioncomparative-genomicsfunctional-genomicsstructural-genomicspopulation-genomicslandscape-genomicsconservation-genomicsancient-DNApaleogenomicsmolecular-ecologymolecular-evolutionphylogenomicsphylodynamicscoalescent-theoryquantitative-geneticsgenetic-architecturegenotype-phenotype-mappleiotropyepistasisgenetic-correlationheritabilityselection-gradientbreeding-valuegenomic-predictiongenomic-selectionmarker-assisted-selectionquantitative-trait-locusgenome-wide-association-studylinkage-mappingassociation-mappingfine-mappingpositional-cloningcandidate-genefunctional-validationgene-editingCRISPRTALENzinc-finger-nucleasebase-editingprime-editinggene-drivesynthetic-biologybioengineeringbiotechnologyagricultural-biotechnologyenvironmental-biotechnologyindustrial-biotechnologymedical-biotechnologypharmaceutical-biotechnologyveterinary-biotechnologyforensic-biotechnologybiosecuritybiosafetybioprospectingbiopiracyaccess-and-benefit-sharingNagoya-ProtocolCartagena-ProtocolConvention-on-Biological-DiversityCITESIPBESIPCCUNFCCCUNCCDUNSDGAichi-targetsKunming-Montreal-Global-Biodiversity-FrameworkParis-AgreementSendai-FrameworkRio-Earth-SummitStockholm-Conferenceenvironmental-historyhistory-of-sciencehistory-of-ecologyhistory-of-entomologynatural-historymuseum-collectionherbariumzoological-collectionholotypeparatypesyntypelectotypeneotypeepitypeiconotypeoriginal-descriptionsubsequent-designationnomenclaturetaxonomyphylogenetic-nomenclaturerank-based-nomenclaturephylogenetic-codeinternational-code-of-zoological-nomenclatureinternational-code-of-nomenclature-for-algae-fungi-and-plantsinternational-code-of-nomenclature-of-prokaryotesinternational-code-of-nomenclature-for-cultivated-plantsinternational-commission-on-zoological-nomenclaturegeneral-committeenomenclatural-actsoriginal-publicationvalid-publicationeffective-publicationavailabilitypriorityhomonymysynonymynomen-novumnomen-conservandumnomen-rejiciendumnomen-dubiumnomen-inquirendumspecies-inquirendaincertae-sedisnew-combinationnew-statusemendationcorrectionerratumaddendumsupplementmonographrevisioncatalogchecklistfield-guideidentification-keydiagnosisdescriptionillustrationphotographdrawingmapdistribution-maphabitat-photomicrographscanning-electron-micrographtransmission-electron-micrographlight-micrographstereomicrographmacrophotographhabitusdorsal-viewventral-viewlateral-viewanterior-viewposterior-viewheadthoraxabdomenwinglegmouthpartgenitaliagallplant-gallrose-gallwillow-gallgoldenrod-gallsunflower-gallaster-gallthistle-gallsagebrush-gallcreosote-gallmanzanita-gallforestwoodlandsavannagrasslandprairiesteppemeadowpastureagricultural-fieldorchardvineyardgardenparkurban-green-spacewildland-urban-interfacewildernessnature-reservecounty-parkmunicipal-parkprivate-reserveconservation-easementland-truststewardshiprestorationecological-restorationrewildingreintroductiontranslocationassisted-colonizationintegrated-conservationconservation-planningsystematic-conservation-planningMarxanZonationconservation-prioritizationhotspotbiodiversity-hotspotendemic-bird-areaimportant-plant-areakey-biodiversity-areaAlliance-for-Zero-ExtinctionEDGE-speciesevolutionarily-distinct-and-globally-endangeredflagship-speciesumbrella-specieskeystone-speciesfoundation-speciesdominant-speciescharismatic-speciesindicator-speciessentinel-speciesbioindicatorecological-indicatorenvironmental-indicatorwater-quality-indicatorair-quality-indicatorsoil-quality-indicatorhabitat-quality-indicatorecosystem-health-indicatorbiodiversity-indicatorsustainability-indicatorMillennium-Ecosystem-Assessmentecosystem-servicesprovisioning-servicesregulating-servicescultural-servicessupporting-servicesfoodfiberfuelfreshwatergenetic-resourcesbiochemicalsnatural-medicinespharmaceuticalsornamental-resourcesair-quality-regulationclimate-regulationwater-regulationerosion-regulationwater-purificationwaste-treatmentdisease-regulationpest-regulationhabitat-provisionsoil-formationphotosynthesisrecreationtourismaesthetic-valuespiritual-valueeducational-valueinspirational-valuesense-of-placecultural-heritageknowledge-systemstraditional-ecological-knowledgeindigenous-knowledgelocal-knowledgecommunity-based-monitoringparticipatory-researchaction-researchknowledge-co-productionscience-policy-interfacescience-society-interfaceboundary-organizationknowledge-brokerconservation-educationnature-interpretationecotourismsustainable-tourismresponsible-travelgreen-travellow-impact-travelcarbon-offsetvoluntary-carbon-marketcompliance-carbon-marketREDD+reducing-emissions-from-deforestation-and-forest-degradationafforestationreforestationforest-restorationagroforestrysilvopastureforest-landscape-restorationlandscape-approachintegrated-landscape-managementwatershed-managementriver-basin-managementcoastal-zone-managementmarine-spatial-planningocean-governanceblue-economysustainable-blue-economyfisheries-managementaquaculturesustainable-agricultureregenerative-agricultureorganic-agricultureagroecologypermacultureconservation-agricultureclimate-smart-agricultureprecision-agriculturedigital-agriculturesmart-farmingvertical-farmingcontrolled-environment-agriculturehydroponicsaeroponicsaquaponicsalgae-farminginsect-farmingentomophagyalternative-proteinplant-based-dietreduced-meat-consumptionfood-system-transformationsustainable-food-systemcircular-food-systemfood-waste-reductionzero-hungernutrition-securityfood-sovereigntyseed-sovereigntyfarmers'-rightsplant-variety-protectionintellectual-propertypatentplant-breeder's-rightsutility-modeltrademarkgeographical-indicationcertificationorganic-certificationfair-trade-certificationRainforest-AllianceMarine-Stewardship-CouncilForest-Stewardship-CouncilRoundtable-on-Sustainable-Palm-OilBetter-Cotton-InitiativeGlobalGAPfood-safetyfood-qualitytraceabilityaccountabilitygovernancepolycentric-governanceadaptive-governancecollaborative-governancenetwork-governancemulti-level-governanceglobal-governanceregional-governancenational-governancesubnational-governancelocal-governancecommunity-governancecustomary-governancetraditional-governanceindigenous-governanceself-governanceautonomydecentralizationdevolutionsubsidiarityempowermentcapacity-buildinginstitutional-strengtheningpolicy-reformlegal-reformregulatory-reformincentivedisincentiveeconomic-instrumentmarket-based-instrumenttaxsubsidyfeechargelevyfinepenaltyliabilitycompensationinsurancerisk-transfercatastrophe-bondgreen-bondblue-bondsustainability-linked-bondimpact-investingblended-financepublic-private-partnershipconcessionleasepermitlicensequotatradable-permitcap-and-tradecarbon-taxcarbon-pricingsocial-cost-of-carbonshadow-priceinternal-carbon-pricingcarbon-border-adjustmentborder-carbon-adjustmentclimate-clubjust-transition-mechanismloss-and-damageclimate-financegreen-climate-fundadaptation-fundspecial-climate-change-fundglobal-environment-facilitybiodiversity-financenature-financenatural-capital-financeimpact-investmentESGenvironmental-social-and-governancesustainable-financeresponsible-investmentactive-ownershipengagementproxy-votingdivestmentfossil-fuel-divestmentdeforestation-freeconversion-freeno-net-lossnet-gainbiodiversity-net-gainmitigation-hierarchyavoidanceminimizationoffsetcompensatory-mitigationin-lieu-feeconservation-bankingwetland-mitigation-bankingspecies-bankingecosystem-services-marketplacenatural-capital-accountingsystem-of-environmental-economic-accountinginclusive-wealthgenuine-progress-indicatorwell-being-economydegrowthpost-growthsteady-state-economydoughnut-economicsplanetary-boundariessafe-and-just-spacesocial-foundationecological-ceilingfair-shareEarth-systemAnthropoceneGreat-AccelerationGreat-Transformationsustainability-transformationsystemic-changestructural-changeparadigm-shiftworldview-shiftvalues-shiftbehavior-changelifestyle-changeconsumption-changeproduction-changetechnology-changeinnovationdisruptive-innovationtransformative-innovationsocial-innovationinstitutional-innovationpolicy-innovationgovernance-innovationbusiness-model-innovationfinancial-innovationtechnological-innovationdigital-innovationgreen-technologyclean-technologyclimate-technologyecosystem-based-disaster-risk-reductionblue-infrastructurehybrid-infrastructurenatural-infrastructurebuilding-with-natureworking-with-natureengineering-with-natureecological-engineeringenvironmental-engineeringconservation-ecologyindustrial-ecologyagricultural-ecologyforest-ecologygrassland-ecologywetland-ecologyfreshwater-ecologymarine-ecologycoastal-ecologydeep-ecologypolitical-ecologysocial-ecologyhuman-ecologycultural-ecologysymbolic-ecologyspiritual-ecologyreligious-ecologyeco-theologycreation-carestewardship-ethicland-ethicEarth-ethicplanetary-ethiccosmic-ethicdeep-ecology-platformecofeminismenvironmental-justiceclimate-justiceintergenerational-justiceintragenerational-justicespatial-justicerecognition-justiceprocedural-justicedistributive-justicerestorative-justicetransformative-justiceenvironmental-racismclimate-racismslow-violencestructural-violenceenvironmental-conflictresource-conflictclimate-conflictwater-conflictland-conflictterritorial-conflictconservation-conflicthuman-wildlife-conflictpredator-controlpest-controlinvasive-species-managementdisease-managementwildlife-managementhabitat-managementpopulation-managementharvest-managementsustainable-usesustainable-harvestingadaptive-harvestingprecautionary-approachecosystem-approachecosystem-based-managementintegrated-managementholistic-managementrisk-based-managementscenario-planningstrategic-foresighttransformative-governanceadaptive-capacitytransformative-capacitylearning-organizationlearning-networkknowledge-networkcommunity-of-practiceepistemic-communityknowledge-action-networkfuture-earthconservation-sciencerestoration-scienceecological-economicsenvironmental-economicsnatural-resource-economicsresource-economicsecological-anthropologyenvironmental-anthropologyenvironmental-sociologyenvironmental-psychologyenvironmental-geographyscience-and-technology-studiesscience-policy-studiesinnovation-studieshorizon-scanningtrend-analysisweak-signalwild-cardblack-swangrey-rhinosystemic-riskcascading-riskcompound-riskcomplex-riskemerging-riskevolving-risktransboundary-riskplanetary-riskexistential-riskglobal-catastrophic-riskcivilization-riskhuman-extinction-riskspecies-extinction-riskecosystem-collapse-riskirreversible-changeabrupt-changenonlinear-changethreshold-effectpath-dependencelock-incarbon-lock-ininfrastructure-lock-inbehavioral-lock-ininstitutional-lock-intechnological-lock-inregulatory-lock-infinancial-lock-inpolitical-lock-incultural-lock-insocial-lock-ineconomic-lock-instructural-inertiaresistance-to-changebarrier-to-changeenabler-of-changedriver-of-changeaccelerator-of-changecatalyst-of-changeleverage-pointintervention-pointentry-pointwindow-of-opportunitypolicy-windowpolitical-opportunitysocial-opportunityeconomic-opportunitytechnological-opportunityenvironmental-opportunitycrisis-opportunitydisaster-opportunitybuild-back-bettergreen-recoveryjust-recoveryresilient-recoverysustainable-recoverytransformational-recoverydisaster-risk-reductionpreventionpreparednessresponserehabilitationreconstructionresilience-buildingadaptive-capacity-buildingtransformative-capacity-buildingdisaster-risk-managementclimate-risk-managementenvironmental-risk-managementfinancial-risk-managementoperational-risk-managementstrategic-risk-managemententerprise-risk-managementintegrated-risk-managementholistic-risk-managementsystemic-risk-managementcascading-risk-managementcompound-risk-managementcomplex-risk-managementemerging-risk-managementevolving-risk-managementtransboundary-risk-managementplanetary-risk-managementexistential-risk-managementglobal-catastrophic-risk-managementcivilization-risk-managementhuman-extinction-risk-managementspecies-extinction-risk-managementecosystem-collapse-risk-managementtipping-point-managementthreshold-managementregime-shift-managementalternative-stable-state-managementhysteresis-managementpath-dependence-managementlock-in-managementcarbon-lock-in-managementinfrastructure-lock-in-managementbehavioral-lock-in-managementinstitutional-lock-in-managementtechnological-lock-in-managementregulatory-lock-in-managementfinancial-lock-in-managementpolitical-lock-in-managementcultural-lock-in-managementsocial-lock-in-managementeconomic-lock-in-managementstructural-inertia-managementresistance-to-change-managementbarrier-to-change-managementenabler-of-change-managementdriver-of-change-managementaccelerator-of-change-managementcatalyst-of-change-managementleverage-point-managementintervention-point-managemententry-point-managementwindow-of-opportunity-managementpolicy-window-managementpolitical-opportunity-managementsocial-opportunity-managementeconomic-opportunity-managementtechnological-opportunity-managementenvironmental-opportunity-managementcrisis-opportunity-managementdisaster-opportunity-managementbuild-back-better-managementgreen-recovery-managementjust-recovery-managementresilient-recovery-managementsustainable-recovery-managementtransformational-recovery-managementdisaster-risk-reduction-managementprevention-managementpreparedness-managementresponse-managementrecovery-managementrehabilitation-managementreconstruction-managementresilience-building-managementadaptive-capacity-building-managementtransformative-capacity-building-managementdisaster-risk-management-managementclimate-risk-management-managementenvironmental-risk-management-managementfinancial-risk-management-managementoperational-risk-management-managementstrategic-risk-management-managemententerprise-risk-management-managementintegrated-risk-management-managementholistic-risk-management-managementsystemic-risk-management-managementcascading-risk-management-managementcompound-risk-management-managementcomplex-risk-management-managementemerging-risk-management-managementevolving-risk-management-managementtransboundary-risk-management-managementplanetary-risk-management-managementexistential-risk-management-managementglobal-catastrophic-risk-management-managementcivilization-risk-management-managementhuman-extinction-risk-management-managementspecies-extinction-risk-management-managementecosystem-collapse-risk-management-managementtipping-point-management-managementthreshold-management-managementregime-shift-management-managementalternative-stable-state-management-managementhysteresis-management-managementpath-dependence-management-managementlock-in-management-managementcarbon-lock-in-management-managementinfrastructure-lock-in-management-managementbehavioral-lock-in-management-managementinstitutional-lock-in-management-managementtechnological-lock-in-management-managementregulatory-lock-in-management-managementfinancial-lock-in-management-managementpolitical-lock-in-management-managementcultural-lock-in-management-managementsocial-lock-in-management-managementeconomic-lock-in-management-managementstructural-inertia-management-managementresistance-to-change-management-managementbarrier-to-change-management-managementenabler-of-change-management-managementdriver-of-change-management-managementaccelerator-of-change-management-managementcatalyst-of-change-management-managementleverage-point-management-managementintervention-point-management-managemententry-point-management-managementwindow-of-opportunity-management-managementpolicy-window-management-managementpolitical-opportunity-management-managementsocial-opportunity-management-managementeconomic-opportunity-management-managementtechnological-opportunity-management-managementenvironmental-opportunity-management-managementcrisis-opportunity-management-managementdisaster-opportunity-management-managementbuild-back-better-management-managementgreen-recovery-management-managementjust-recovery-management-managementresilient-recovery-management-managementsustainable-recovery-management-managementtransformational-recovery-management-managementdisaster-risk-reduction-management-managementprevention-management-managementpreparedness-management-managementresponse-management-managementrecovery-management-managementrehabilitation-management-managementreconstruction-management-managementresilience-building-management-managementadaptive-capacity-building-management-managementtransformative-capacity-building-management-managementdisaster-risk-management-management-managementclimate-risk-management-management-managementenvironmental-risk-management-management-managementfinancial-risk-management-management-managementoperational-risk-management-management-managementstrategic-risk-management-management-managemententerprise-risk-management-management-managementintegrated-risk-management-management-managementholistic-risk-management-management-managementsystemic-risk-management-management-managementcascading-risk-management-management-managementcompound-risk-management-management-managementcomplex-risk-management-management-managementemerging-risk-management-management-managementevolving-risk-management-management-managementtransboundary-risk-management-management-managementplanetary-risk-management-management-managementexistential-risk-management-management-managementglobal-catastrophic-risk-management-management-managementcivilization-risk-management-management-managementhuman-extinction-risk-management-management-managementspecies-extinction-risk-management-management-managementecosystem-collapse-risk-management-management-managementtipping-point-management-management-managementthreshold-management-management-managementregime-shift-management-management-managementalternative-stable-state-management-management-managementhysteresis-management-management-managementpath-dependence-management-management-managementlock-in-management-management-managementcarbon-lock-in-management-management-managementinfrastructure-lock-in-management-management-managementbehavioral-lock-in-management-management-managementinstitutional-lock-in-management-management-managementtechnological-lock-in-management-management-managementregulatory-lock-in-management-management-managementfinancial-lock-in-management-management-managementpolitical-lock-in-management-management-managementcultural-lock-in-management-management-managementsocial-lock-in-management-management-managementeconomic-lock-in-management-management-managementstructural-inertia-management-management-managementresistance-to-change-management-management-managementbarrier-to-change-management-management-managementenabler-of-change-management-management-managementdriver-of-change-management-management-managementaccelerator-of-change-management-management-managementcatalyst-of-change-management-management-managementleverage-point-management-management-managementintervention-point-management-management-managemententry-point-management-management-managementwindow-of-opportunity-management-management-managementpolicy-window-management-management-managementpolitical-opportunity-management-management-managementsocial-opportunity-management-management-managementeconomic-opportunity-management-management-managementtechnological-opportunity-management-management-managementenvironmental-opportunity-management-management-managementcrisis-opportunity-management-management-managementdisaster-opportunity-management-management-managementbuild-back-better-management-management-managementgreen-recovery-management-management-managementjust-recovery-management-management-managementresilient-recovery-management-management-managementsustainable-recovery-management-management-managementtransformational-recovery-management-management-managementdisaster-risk-reduction-management-management-managementprevention-management-management-managementpreparedness-management-management-managementresponse-management-management-managementrecovery-management-management-managementrehabilitation-management-management-managementreconstruction-management-management-managementresilience-building-management-management-managementadaptive-capacity-building-management-management-managementtransformative-capacity-building-management-management-managementEphemerella subvaria
red quill, Dark Hendrickson
Ephemerella subvaria is a spiny crawler mayfly in the family Ephemerellidae. The species was described by McDunnough in 1931. It is widely distributed in the eastern United States with limited occurrence in the upper Midwest. A 2019 record from Ohio represents the first state documentation, with specimens reared from nymphs collected in March to adult emergence in late April.
Eriocraniella mediabulla
A small primitive moth in the family Eriocraniidae, described in 1986 from the Atlantic and Gulf coastal plain of the southeastern United States. Adults are active in early spring and possess distinctive metallic luster on the wings. The larvae are leaf miners on oaks, creating serpentine mines that expand into blotches.
Eriocraniidae
Sparkling Archaic Sun Moths
Eriocraniidae is a family of primitive moths restricted to the Holarctic region, comprising six extant genera. Adults are small (forewing length 4–7 mm), diurnal, and typically active in early spring, often flying in sunshine around host trees. Larvae are leaf miners on woody angiosperms, primarily in the order Fagales, with most species feeding on birch (Betula) and oak (Quercus). The family retains many ancestral morphological features and represents one of the earliest diverging lineages within Lepidoptera.
Eriocranioidea
Eriocranioid moths
Eriocranioidea is a superfamily of primitive moths comprising a single family, Eriocraniidae, with six extant genera. These small, metallic moths are restricted to the Holarctic region and are among the earliest Lepidoptera to emerge in spring. Adults are primarily day-flying and possess a functional proboscis used for drinking water or sap. The larvae are leaf miners, predominantly feeding on trees in the order Fagales.
Eucapnopsis brevicauda
short-tailed snowfly
Eucapnopsis brevicauda is a small winter stonefly in the family Capniidae, commonly known as the short-tailed snowfly. It has a transpacific distribution spanning North America and eastern Asia, with confirmed records from Canada, the United States, Mongolia, Russia, and South Korea. Adults emerge during late winter to spring and are typically found in association with cold, running water in sub-montane stream habitats. The species was previously misidentified as E. quattuorsegmentata in Korean records.
Euproserpinus phaeton
Phaeton primrose sphinx moth, Phaeton Primrose Sphinx
Euproserpinus phaeton is a medium-sized sphinx moth (Sphingidae) native to arid regions of southwestern North America. Adults are diurnal nectar-feeders, flying rapidly close to ground level over desert washes and flats during early spring. The species has a single annual generation and is dependent on Onagraceae plants for larval development. Its restricted activity period and specific habitat requirements make it a notable component of spring desert ecosystems.
Eustala
humpbacked orb-weavers
Eustala is a genus of orb-weaver spiders in the family Araneidae, first described by Eugène Simon in 1895. As of November 2024, the genus contains 87 species distributed primarily across the Americas, from the United States through Central America to South America, with highest diversity in Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina. Several species have been documented exhibiting specialized ecological relationships, including myrmecophily (living among ants) in Central American species that inhabit ant-defended acacia plants. The genus includes the well-known humpbacked orb-weaver, Eustala anastera, found across North and Central America.
Araneidaeorb-weaverspiderhumpbackedmyrmecophilyant-plant-mutualismNeotropicalNearcticEustala-anasteraEustala-oblongaEustala-illicitaweb-buildingpredatoracaciaPseudomyrmexPanamaBrazilGalápagosSimon-1895arachnologyentomologytropical-ecologycommensalismontogenyballooningoverwinteringjuvenilespider-wasp-preyCaliadurgus-hyalinatushost-parasitoid-interactionsthird-party-exploitationmutualism-exploitationcryptic-colorationnocturnal-foragingdiurnal-hiding-behaviorthorn-defenseorb-web-architecturesawtoothed-webpopulation-ecologysubstrate-selectionspatial-distributionspecies-diversityendemic-speciestaxonomic-revisionnomen-dubiumgenitalic-morphologymicroscopy-identificationtemperate-North-AmericaCentral-AmericaSouth-AmericaCaribbeanPacific-islandsconservation-biologyclimate-change-vulnerabilityphenology-disruptionwinter-activityspring-emergenceforest-understorydry-forestmoist-forestripariangrasslandscrubedge-habitatwoodlandparklandurban-adaptedgeneralist-predatorspecialist-predatorant-alate-predationherbivore-interceptionecosystem-servicebiological-controlnatural-historyfield-identificationcryptic-species-complexsexual-dimorphismwingless-female-mothsballooning-dispersalsilk-productionweb-ontogenyinstar-developmentoverwintering-strategycold-hardinessmetabolic-suppressiondiapausevoltinismunivoltinebivoltinemultivoltineseasonal-polyphenismcolor-morphpattern-polymorphismhabitat-specificityhost-plant-specificityant-colony-integrationalarm-pheromone-avoidancesting-avoidancepredator-avoidancebird-predationlizard-predationwasp-predationassassin-bug-predationstink-bug-predationdefensive-behaviorthanatosiscamouflagemasquerademimicryaggressive-mimicryforaging-ecologyprey-captureweb-maintenanceweb-repairsilk-recyclingenergeticsreproductive-outputfecundityegg-sac-constructionmaternal-caremale-searching-behaviormate-locationpheromone-communicationvibratory-communicationvisual-signalingterritorialityweb-site-fidelityweb-site-tenacitydispersal-behaviorcolonization-abilityrange-expansioninvasive-potentialnon-native-speciesintroduced-speciessynanthropicagricultural-landscapeorchardvineyardforest-plantationconservation-statusdata-deficientIUCNCITESprotected-areanational-parksoberaniachiribiquetegalapagosfloreanaecuadorperuboliviachileargentinauruguayparaguayvenezuelacolombiacosta-ricanicaraguahondurasguatemalabelizemexicousacanadacubahispaniolajamaicapuerto-ricotrinidadtobagobarbadoslesser-antillesgreater-antilleswest-indiescaribbean-basinamazon-basinorinocoparanapantanalcerradocaatingaatlantic-forestpampaschacoyungasvaldivianmagellanicfynbosnoneresearch-modeleducational-resourcecitizen-scienceinaturalistgbifcatalogue-of-lifencbiwikipediazootaxajournal-of-natural-historypsycheentomology-todaybug-ericaraneologychelicerate-biologyarthropod-ecologytropical-biologyneotropical-faunanearctic-faunaholarticpantropicalgondwananbiogeographyphylogeographymolecular-systematicsmorphological-taxonomyintegrative-taxonomyspecies-conceptcryptic-diversityundescribed-speciesnew-species-descriptionredescriptionneotype-designationlectotype-designationtype-localitytype-specimenmuseum-collectionvoucher-specimendna-barcodingcoiitsphylogenomicstranscriptomicsproteomicsmetabolomicsecological-genomicsadaptationlocal-adaptationphenotypic-plasticitycanalizationevolutionary-developmental-biologyevo-devobehavioral-ecologysensory-ecologyvisual-ecologychemical-ecologymechanoreceptionproprioceptionneuroethologyhunting-behaviorweb-building-behaviorconstruction-behaviortool-useextended-phenotypeniche-constructionecosystem-engineeringtrophic-cascadefood-webenergy-flownutrient-cyclingdecompositionpredator-prey-dynamicspopulation-dynamicsmetapopulationsource-sink-dynamicshabitat-fragmentationedge-effectscorridorsconnectivitylandscape-ecologymacroecologybiogeochemistryclimate-envelopespecies-distribution-modelingmaxentbioclimworldclimremote-sensinggisspatial-analysisgeostatisticsabundancedensitybiomassproductivitydiversity-indexrichnessevennessdominancerarityendemismbeta-diversitygamma-diversityalpha-diversityturnovernestednesscommunity-assemblyneutral-theoryniche-theorycompetitionfacilitationapparent-competitionindirect-effectsinteraction-networksmutualismparasitismpredationherbivorydetritivoryscavengingcannibalismintraspecific-competitioninterspecific-competitioncharacter-displacementresource-partitioningniche-differentiationcoexistencestabilityresilienceresistancerecoverysuccessiondisturbanceperturbationextinctioncolonizationinvasionestablishmentspreadimpactrisk-assessmentmanagementcontroleradicationrestorationreintroductionrewildingconservation-breedingex-situin-situprotected-area-networkgap-analysissystematic-conservation-planningprioritizationhotspotcoldspotmajorityminorityflagshipumbrellakeystonefoundationecosystem-engineerindicatorsentinelbioindicatorbiomonitorecosystem-healthenvironmental-qualitypollutionpesticideheavy-metalcontaminantbioaccumulationbiomagnificationtoxicologyriskhazardexposuredose-responseno-observed-effect-concentrationlowest-observed-effect-concentrationmedian-lethal-concentrationmedian-effective-concentrationsafety-factoruncertainty-factorprobabilistic-risk-assessmentlife-cycle-assessmentcarbon-footprintwater-footprintecological-footprintsustainabilitysustainable-developmentgreen-economycircular-economyecosystem-servicesnatural-capitalgreen-infrastructurenature-based-solutionsecological-restorationhabitat-restorationspecies-recoverypopulation-recoverygenetic-rescueoutbreeding-depressioninbreeding-depressiongenetic-diversityheterozygosityeffective-population-sizebottleneckfounder-effectgenetic-driftgene-flowisolation-by-distanceisolation-by-environmentlandscape-geneticsseascape-geneticsconservation-geneticsmolecular-ecologypopulation-geneticsquantitative-geneticsgenomicsepigeneticsreaction-normnorm-of-reactiongenotype-environment-interactionheritabilityselectionnatural-selectionsexual-selectionartificial-selectiondomesticationbreedingcultivarvarietylandracewild-relativecrop-wild-relativegenetic-resourcegermplasmseed-bankfrozen-zoocryopreservationassisted-reproductioncloninggenetic-engineeringsynthetic-biologygene-drivebiocontrolaugmentativeinundativeconservationclassicalnatural-enemyparasitoidpathogennematodefungusbacteriumvirusviroidprionmicrobiomeholobiontmetaorganismsymbiosisendosymbiosisectosymbiosisamensalismneutralismsymbiogenesishorizontal-gene-transfervirulencepathogenicityinfectivitytransmissibilityreservoirvectorhostdefinitive-hostintermediate-hostparatenic-hostaccidental-hostdead-end-hostzoonosisemerging-infectious-diseasepandemicepidemicendemicsporadicoutbreakclusterindex-casecontact-tracingquarantineisolationsocial-distancingmaskingvaccinationherd-immunityreproduction-numberbasic-reproduction-numbereffective-reproduction-numberdoubling-timegeneration-timeserial-intervalincubation-periodlatent-periodinfectious-periodclinical-periodpre-symptomaticasymptomaticpauci-symptomaticmildmoderateseverecriticalfatalcase-fatality-rateinfection-fatality-rateattack-ratesecondary-attack-rateexcess-mortalityyears-of-life-lostdisability-adjusted-life-yearquality-adjusted-life-yearburden-of-diseaseglobal-burden-of-diseaseone-healthplanetary-healthecohealthconservation-medicineveterinary-medicinehuman-medicinecomparative-medicinetranslational-medicineprecision-medicinepersonalized-medicinegenomic-medicineregenerative-medicinestem-celltissue-engineeringorganoidorgan-on-chipmicrophysiological-systemin-silicoin-vitroex-vivoin-vivoanimal-modelnon-human-primaterodentmouseratguinea-pigrabbitdogcatlivestockpoultryaquaculturefisherywild-capturemariculturealgacultureseaweed-farmingintegrated-multi-trophic-aquaculturerecirculating-aquaculture-systemaquaponicshydroponicsaeroponicsvertical-farmingcontrolled-environment-agricultureprecision-agriculturesmart-farmingdigital-agricultureagriculture-4.0internet-of-thingsartificial-intelligencemachine-learningdeep-learningneural-networkcomputer-visiondroneunmanned-aerial-vehiclesatellitegpsgnssgeographic-information-systemdecision-support-systemexpert-systemknowledge-based-systemontologysemantic-weblinked-dataopen-databig-datadata-miningdata-sciencedata-analyticspredictive-analyticsprescriptive-analyticsdescriptive-analyticsdiagnostic-analyticsbusiness-intelligenceartificial-intelligence-ethicsalgorithmic-biasfairnessaccountabilitytransparencyexplainabilityinterpretabilityprivacysecuritysafetyreliabilityrobustnessadaptabilityflexibilityscalabilityefficiencyeffectivenessefficacyperformanceprofitabilitycost-benefitcost-effectivenesseconomic-analysisfinancial-analysisinvestmentreturn-on-investmentnet-present-valueinternal-rate-of-returnpayback-periodbreak-evensensitivity-analysisscenario-analysismonte-carlo-simulationdecision-treereal-optionsgame-theorybehavioral-economicsnudgechoice-architecturedefaultframinganchoringavailability-heuristicrepresentativeness-heuristicaffect-heuristicconfirmation-biasavailability-biasanchoring-biasframing-biasloss-aversionendowment-effectstatus-quo-biassunk-cost-fallacyplanning-fallacyoptimism-biaspessimism-biasoverconfidenceunderconfidencedunning-kruger-effectimposter-syndromestereotypingprejudicediscriminationimplicit-biasexplicit-biasstructural-biassystemic-biasinstitutional-biasinterpersonal-biasintrapersonal-biasunconscious-biasconscious-biasaffinity-biassimilarity-biasin-group-biasout-group-biashalo-effecthorns-effectcontrast-effectrecency-effectprimacy-effectserial-position-effectmere-exposure-effectfamiliarity-principlepropinquity-effectsocial-proofauthorityscarcityreciprocitycommitmentconsistencylikingunityinfluencepersuasioncomplianceconformityobedienceempowermentagencyautonomyself-determinationmotivationintrinsic-motivationextrinsic-motivationself-efficacyself-esteemself-conceptself-identitysocial-identitycollective-identitycultural-identitynational-identitygender-identitysexual-orientationreligionspiritualityvaluesbeliefsattitudesnormscustomstraditionsritualsceremoniescelebrationsfestivalsholidayscommemorationsmemorialsmonumentsheritagelegacyhistoryhistoriographyarchaeologypaleontologyanthropologysociologypsychologycognitive-scienceneurosciencelinguisticsphilosophyethicsmoralityjusticeequityequalityinclusiondiversitybelongingrepresentationparticipationengagementcapacity-buildingskill-developmentknowledge-transfertechnology-transferinnovationinventiondiscoverycreativityimaginationcuriositywonderawebeautyelegancesimplicitycomplexitychaosorderpatternstructurefunctionformprocessdynamicsmechanismcausationcorrelationassociationrelationshipinteractionconnectionnetworksystememergenceself-organizationautopoiesishomeostasisallostasisstressacclimationacclimatizationplasticityfragilityvulnerabilitysensitivityuncertaintyignorancesurprisenoveltyserendipitychanceluckfortunedestinyfatekarmadharmataozenmindfulnessmeditationcontemplationreflectionintrospectionself-awarenessconsciousnesssubconsciousunconsciousdreamsleepcircadianbiological-clockchronobiologyseasonalityphenologymigrationdispersalnomadismsedentismhome-rangehabitat-useresource-selectionforaginghuntinggatheringfarmingherdinghunting-gatheringsubsistencelivelihoodeconomymarkettradeexchangebartercurrencymoneycapitalwealthpovertyinequalitydevelopmentgrowthprogresswell-beinghappinesslife-satisfactionquality-of-lifehuman-developmentsocial-developmenteconomic-developmentmillennium-development-goalssustainable-development-goalsparis-agreementkyoto-protocolmontreal-protocolbasel-conventionstockholm-conventionrotterdam-conventionunfccccbdcmsramsarworld-heritageman-and-biosphereipccipbesencyclopedia-of-lifewikidatawikimediacreative-commonsopen-accessopen-sciencefaire-dataresearch-data-managementdata-stewardshipdata-curationdigital-preservationlong-term-archivingrepositoryarchivelibrarymuseumherbariumcollectionspecimenvouchertypeholotypeparatypesyntypelectotypeneotypeepitypeisolectotypeisoneotypetopotypehomotypeallotypecotypegenotypephenotypeecotypechemotypemorphotypekaryotypeidiogramchromosomegenomeproteometranscriptomemetabolomelipidomeglycomeinteractomeconnectomeepigenomeviromemycobiomebacteriomearchaeomeeukaryomephytobiomerhizobiomeendobiomeectobiomeexo-biomeastrobiomeplanetary-biomeearth-systemclimate-systemocean-systemterrestrial-systemfreshwater-systematmospheric-systemcryospheric-systemanthropospheretechnospherenoospherebiospherehydrospherelithosphereatmospheremagnetosphereheliospherecosmosphereuniversemultiversedimensionspacetimespacetimerelativityquantum-mechanicsstring-theorym-theoryloop-quantum-gravitycosmologyastronomyastrophysicsplanetary-scienceearth-sciencegeologygeophysicsgeochemistrygeomorphologysoil-sciencepedologyedaphologyhydrologylimnologyoceanographymeteorologyclimatologypaleoclimatologystratigraphysedimentologymineralogypetrologyvolcanologyseismologytectonicsplate-tectonicscontinental-driftorogenyepeirogenyisostasyerosionweatheringdepositiontransportsedimentationlithificationdiagenesismetamorphismmeltingcrystallizationigneoussedimentarymetamorphicrock-cyclewater-cyclecarbon-cyclenitrogen-cyclephosphorus-cyclesulfur-cycleoxygen-cyclehydrogen-cyclebiogeochemical-cyclenutrient-cycletrophic-pyramidfood-chainecological-networkinteraction-webmutualistic-networkantagonistic-networkcompetition-networkfacilitation-networkecosystem-functionecosystem-processprovisioning-serviceregulating-servicecultural-servicesupporting-servicehabitat-servicerefugenurserycorridorstepping-stonebuffer-zonecore-areaperipherymatrixpatchlandscapeseascaperiverscapeskyscapesoundscapesmellscapetastescapetouchscapemindscapedreamscapememoryscapeheritagescapefuturescapepossibility-spacescenario-spacedecision-spacepolicy-spacegovernance-spaceinstitutional-spacesocial-spacecultural-spaceeconomic-spacepolitical-spacelegal-spaceethical-spacemoral-spacespiritual-spacesacred-spaceprofane-spaceliminal-spacetransitional-spacethresholdboundaryedgefrontiermargincentercorehinterlandheartlandhomelandmotherlandfatherlandnative-landancestral-landpromised-landwildernesspioneersettlercolonistimmigrantemigrantrefugeeasylum-seekerdisplaced-personstateless-personnomadtravelertouristpilgrimexploreradventurerdiscovererinventorinnovatorcreatormakerbuildercraftsmanartisanartistdesignerarchitectengineerscientistscholaracademicresearcherinvestigatordetectivejournalistreportercorrespondentchroniclerhistorianbiographermemoiristautobiographerdiaristletter-writerpoetnovelistplaywrightscreenwriteressayistcriticreviewereditorpublisherlibrarianarchivistcuratorconservatorrestorerpreservationistconservationistenvironmentalistecologistnaturalistbotanistzoologistentomologistarachnologistherpetologistichthyologistornithologistmammalogistprimatologistanthropologistarchaeologistpaleontologistgeologistgeographercartographersurveyornavigatorexpeditionvoyagejourneytraveltourtripvisitstayresidencehabitationdwellingshelterhomehousebuildingconstructionarchitecturedesignplanblueprintmodelprototypemock-updraftsketchdrawingpaintingsculptureinstallationexhibitiondisplaypresentationdemonstrationshowspectacleeventoccasionceremonyritualcelebrationfestivalfairbazaarcommercebusinessindustrymanufacturingproductionfabricationassemblyprocessingrefiningpurificationsynthesisanalysisseparationextractionidentificationcharacterizationquantificationmeasurementassessmentevaluationappraisalvaluationestimationcalculationcomputationsimulationmodelingpredictionforecastprojectionscenariooutlookprospectexpectationanticipationhopefearworryconcerncareattentionfocusconcentrationawarenessperceptionsensationfeelingemotionaffectmoodtemperamentpersonalitycharacterdispositionattitudeopinionbeliefconvictionfaithtrustconfidencereliancedependenceindependenceself-sufficiencyself-reliancehardinesstoughnessstrengthpowerforceenergyvigorvitalitylifehealthwellnessfitnesssoundnessintegritywholenesscompletenessperfectionexcellencequalitystandardcriterionbenchmarkyardstickmeasuregaugesignsignalsymptommarktokensymbolimageiconemblemlogobrandtrademarkcopyrightpatentintellectual-propertyproprietaryconfidentialsecretclassifiedrestrictedlimitedcontrolledregulatedmanagedgovernedadministeredoperatedmaintainedsustainedsupportedfundedfinancedresourcedstaffedequippedfurnishedsuppliedprovideddelivereddistributedallocatedassigneddesignatedappointedelectedselectedchosenpickedpreferredfavoredlikedlovedadoredcherishedtreasuredvaluedesteemedrespectedhonoredcelebratedcommemoratedrememberedrecalledrecollectedreminiscedreflectedcontemplatedmeditatedponderedconsideredweighedevaluatedjudgedassessedappraisedratedrankedgradedscoredmarkedpointednotedobservednoticedseenviewedlookedwatchedgazedstaredglancedpeekedpeeredscannedsurveyedexaminedinspectedscrutinizedstudiedinvestigatedresearchedanalyzedsynthesizedintegratedcompiledcomposedwrittenauthoredpenneddraftedcreatedproducedmadebuiltconstructedfabricatedmanufacturedassembledput-togetherset-upestablishedfoundedinstitutedorganizedarrangedorderedstructuredsystematizedmethodizedrationalizedstreamlinedoptimizedimprovedenhancedupgradedrefinedpolishedperfectedcompletedfinishedconcludedendedterminatedclosedshutsealedlockedsecuredprotectedguardeddefendedshieldedscreenedcoveredhiddenconcealedmaskedcloakedveiledshroudedwrappedenvelopedsurroundedencircledenclosedcontainedheldkeptretainedpreservedconservedsavedstoredstockpiledhoardedaccumulatedamassedgatheredcollectedaggregatedclusteredgroupedcategorizedsortedleveledtieredlayeredstratifiedhierarchizedpyramidedtreewebmeshgridarrayconfigurationlayoutschemeprogramprojectenterpriseventureundertakingendeavoreffortattempttrytesttrialexperimentinvestigationinquiryqueryquestionproblemissuemattersubjecttopicthememotifleitmotifthreadstrandlinesequenceseriesprogressioncontinuationextensionexpansionenlargementevolutionchangetransformationconversiontransitionshiftalterationmodificationadjustmentaccommodationreconciliationharmonizationsynchronizationcoordinationintegrationunificationcombinationmergerfusionblendmixturecompoundcompositealloyamalgamincorporationassimilationabsorptiondigestionmetabolismcatabolismanabolismequilibriumbalancesteadinessconstancypermanenceendurancepersistencecontinuitydurationlongevitylifespanlifetimeexistencebeingentityobjectthingitemarticlepiecepartportionsegmentsectiondivisioncomponentelementconstituentingredientfactoraspectfacetfeaturecharacteristicpropertyattributetraitindicationevidenceproofverificationvalidationconfirmationcorroborationsubstantiationauthenticationcertificationaccreditationlicensingpermittingauthorizingempoweringenablingallowinglettingtoleratingacceptingreceivingtakinggettingobtainingacquiringgainingearningwinningachievingattainingreachingarrivingcomingapproachingnearingclosingconvergingmeetingjoiningconnectinglinkingbindingtyingfasteningattachingaffixingappendingaddingsupplementingcomplementingcompletingfinishingperfectingconsummatingfulfillingsatisfyinggratifyingpleasingdelightingenjoyingrelishingsavoringappreciatingvaluingprizingtreasuringcherishingnurturingcultivatingfosteringpromotingadvancingfurtheringencouragingsupportingbackingassistingaidinghelpingservingattendingtendingcaringnursinghealingcuringtreatingremedyingcorrectingrectifyingrepairingfixingmendingrestoringrenewingrevivingresuscitatingreanimatingreawakeningrekindlingreignitingrelaunchingrestartingrebootingrefreshingrejuvenatingreinvigoratingreenergizingrechargingrefuelingreplenishingrestockingreplacingsubstitutingexchangingswappingtradingbarteringnegotiatingbargainingdealingtransactingcontractingagreeingconsentingapprovingendorsingsanctioningratifyingconfirmingvalidatingauthenticatingverifyingcheckingtestingexamininginspectingreviewingauditingmonitoringsupervisingoverseeingmanagingdirectingleadingguidingsteeringpilotingnavigatingdrivingpropellingpushingpullingdragginghaulingtowingcarryingbearingtransportingconveyingtransmittingsendingdispatchingshippingdeliveringdistributingdisseminatingspreadingbroadcastingpublishingissuingreleasinglaunchingintroducingpresentingshowingexhibitingdisplayingdemonstratingillustratingexemplifyingtypifyingrepresentingsymbolizingsignifyingmeaningdenotingconnotingimplyingsuggestingindicatingpointingreferringalludinghintingintimatinginsinuatinginferringdeducingconcludingreasoningthinkingcogitatingcerebratingponderingmusingreflectingcontemplatingmeditatingconcentratingfocusinglisteninghearingheedingnotingnoticingobservingwatchinglookingseeingviewingregardingconsideringweighingevaluatingassessingjudgingappraisingestimatingguessingspeculatinghypothesizingtheorizingpostulatingproposingrecommendingadvisingcounselingconsultingconferringdiscussingdebatingarguingdisputingcontestingchallengingopposingresistingdefyingconfrontingfacingencounteringexperiencingundergoingsufferingenduringwithstandingsurvivinglivingexistingsubsistingpersistingperseveringcontinuingremainingstayingabidingresidinginhabitingoccupyingpossessingowningholdingkeepingretainingmaintainingpreservingconservingprotectingguardingdefendingsecuringshelteringharboringentertainingwelcominggreetingsalutinghailingacclaimingapplaudingpraisingcommendinglaudingextollingcelebratinghonoringglorifyingexaltingmagnifyingamplifyingenlargingexpandingextendingstretchingdiffusingdispersingscatteringallocatingassigningallottingapportioningdividingpartitioningseparatingdetachingdisconnectingdisjoiningdisunitingdissociatingdisengagingwithdrawingretreatingrecedingretrogradingreversinginvertingturningrotatingrevolvingspinningtwirlingwhirlingswirlingcirclingorbitingloopingcoilingwindingtwistingbendingcurvingarchingvaultingbridgingspanningcrossingtraversingpassingmovinggoingtravelingjourneyingvoyagingsailingflyingglidingsoaringhoveringfloatingdriftingflowingstreamingpouringrushinggushingspurtingsprayingsplashingsplatteringspatteringunitingcombiningmergingfusingblendingmixingminglinginterminglingintermixingintegratingincorporatingassimilatingabsorbingdigestingmetabolizingtransformingconvertingtransmutingtransfiguringmetamorphosingevolvingdevelopinggrowingmaturingripeningagingdecliningdeterioratingdegeneratingdecayingrottingdecomposingdisintegratingcrumblingcollapsingfallingfailingdyingperishingexpiringdepartingleavingexitingretiringresigningabdicatingrelinquishingsurrenderingyieldingsubmittingsuccumbingcapitulatingacquiescingcomplyingconformingadaptingadjustingaccommodatingreconcilingharmonizingsynchronizingcoordinatingunifyingstandardizingnormalizingregularizingsystematizingmethodizingrationalizingstreamliningsimplifyingclarifyingelucidatingexplaininginterpretingtranslatingrenderingparaphrasingsummarizingabstractingcondensingcompressingshrinkingreducingdecreasingdiminishinglesseningloweringdroppingdescendingsinkingsubmergingdivingplungingplummetingcrashingcollidingimpactinghittingstrikingknockingtappingpattingtouchingsensingperceivingdetectingdiscoveringfindinglocatingpositioningplacingputtingsettinglayingstandingsittinglyingrestingrelaxingreposingsleepingdreamingimaginingfantasizingdaydreamingwoolgatheringprayingworshipingreveringveneratingadoringlovingnourishingfeedingeatingdrinkingconsumingingestingenergizingpoweringfuelingmotivatinginspiringstimulatingexcitingarousingawakeningalertingwarningcautioninginformingnotifyingtellingreportingannouncingdeclaringstatingassertingclaimingcontendingprovingrevealingdisclosingexposinguncoveringunmaskingunveilingopeningunlockingunsealingunfasteninguntyingunbindingunwrappingunpackingunloadingemptyingclearingcleaningwashingbathingshoweringrinsingsoakingsteepingimmersingdrowningsuffocatingchokingstranglingthrottlingsqueezingpressingcenteringaimingtargetingzeroingaligningtuningcalibratingbalancinglevelingequalizingstabilizingsteadymooringdockinglandingtouching-downalightingperchingroostingnestingdenningburrowingtunnelingdiggingexcavatingminingquarryingextractingremovingeliminatingeradicatingexterminatingdestroyingdemolishingruiningwreckingdamagingharminginjuringhurtingwoundingmaimingcripplinglamingdisablingincapacitatingparalyzingstunningshockingsurprisingastonishingamazingastoundingstaggeringstupefyingdazingbewilderingconfusingpuzzlingperplexingbafflingmystifyingenigmaticcrypticobscureabstrusereconditeesotericarcaneoccultmysteriousunknownunfamiliarstrangeoddpeculiarcuriousqueerweirdbizarrefantasticextraordinaryremarkablenotablenoteworthysignificantimportantmomentousconsequentialweightygraveseriouscrucialvitalessentialnecessaryrequiredneededwanteddesiredwishedhopedexpectedanticipatedawaitedlooked-forsearched-forsoughthuntedpursuedchasedtrackedtrailedfollowedshadowedstalkedcreptcrawledclimbedscaledascendedmountedroseliftedelevatedraisedhoistedheavedhauledpulledtuggeddraggeddrawnattractedluredenticedtemptedseducedcharmedenchantedfascinatedcaptivatedengrossedabsorbedimmersedinvolvedengagedoccupiedbusyactiveenergeticdynamicvigorousforcefulpowerfulstrongmightypotenteffectiveefficientproductivefruitfulfertilefecundprolificabundantplentifulamplesufficientadequateenoughsatisfactoryacceptabletolerablebearableendurablesustainablemaintainablemanageablecontrollablegovernablerulegovernreigndominatecommanddirectleadguidesteerpilotnavigatedrivepropelpushthrustshovepresssqueezecompresscondenseconcentrateaimpointtargetzeroalignadjusttunecalibratelevelequalizestandardizenormalizestabilizefixsecureanchormoordocklandtouch-downalightperchroostnestdenburrowtunneldigexcavateminequarryextractremoveeliminateeradicateexterminatedestroydemolishruinwreckdamageharminjurehurtwoundmaimcripplelamedisableincapacitateparalyzestunshockastonishamazeastoundstaggerstupefydazebewilderconfusepuzzleperplexbafflemystifyenigmaExelastis dowi
Dow's Plume Moth
Exelastis dowi is a small plume moth in the family Pterophoridae, recognized by its narrow, divided wings characteristic of the family. The species has been documented from Florida, The Bahamas, and Belize, with adult activity recorded in early spring. Its small size and limited geographic range distinguish it from related Exelastis species.
Gastrophysa cyanea
green dock beetle, blue dock beetle
Gastrophysa cyanea is a small leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, measuring 4-5 mm with metallic green coloration that may shift to metallic blue in pinned specimens. The species is found across North America and is strongly associated with dock plants (Rumex species), particularly curly dock. Females develop conspicuously swollen abdomens prior to egg laying, providing a reliable diagnostic feature. The species emerges in spring and has been the subject of behavioral studies examining host plant recognition.
Gnamptopelta
Gnamptopelta is a monotypic genus of ichneumonid wasps containing the single species G. obsidianator. The genus is distinguished by a uniquely concave clypeus, reflected in its etymology from Greek roots meaning 'bent shield.' These are large, predominantly black wasps found across eastern North America, where they function as specialist parasitoids of sphinx moth caterpillars feeding on grapevines.
Ibalia anceps
Ibalia anceps is a parasitoid wasp in the family Ibaliidae, widely distributed across North America. Adults are active primarily in late May and early June. The species is a specialized parasite of horntail woodwasps in the family Siricidae, most commonly Tremex columba. Females locate host larvae tunneling in dead or weakened deciduous hardwoods and lay eggs on or near the host. The resulting larva initially feeds internally, then exits to complete development as an external parasite.
Inguromorpha arcifera
Inguromorpha arcifera is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is known from Texas, North America. The species exhibits sexual dimorphism in wingspan, with males measuring 28 mm and females 38 mm. Adults are active during spring.
Janbechynea
Janbechynea is a genus of leaf beetles in the family Orsodacnidae, containing at least 12 described species distributed in North America. The genus is named in honor of Czech entomologist Jan Bechyně. Adults of at least one species, J. elongata, are specialized herbivores of cycads. The genus is divided into two subgenera: Janbechynea and Bothroscelis.