Leaf-gall

Guides

• Acalitus brevitarsus

  Alder erineum mite

  Acalitus brevitarsus is an eriophyid mite that induces distinctive galls on alder species (Alnus). The mite lives and feeds within erineum—dense mats of hair-like structures—on the lower leaf surface, causing pale, domed swellings on the upper surface. It overwinters in old cones and bark crevices during autumn. The species is known from Europe, ranging from Spain to Russia.

  gall-miteeriophyidalderleaf-gallerineum

• Aceria dina

  Tupelo leaf edge gall mite

  Aceria dina is a gall-forming mite in the family Eriophyidae, commonly known as the tupelo leaf edge gall mite. This species induces distinctive gall structures on the leaf edges of its host plant, Nyssa sylvatica (black tupelo or sour gum). Like other eriophyid mites, it has a worm-like, elongated body with four legs and measures approximately 0.2 mm in length. The mite is an obligate plant parasite with a highly specialized relationship to its host.

  Eriophyidaegall-miteplant-parasiteNyssaleaf-gallmiteArachnidaNorth-Americaforest-pestspecialist-parasite

• Aceria mackiei

  Live Oak Erineum Mite

  Aceria mackiei, commonly known as the live oak erineum mite, is an abundant eriophyoid mite that induces distinctive leaf-blister galls on several species of live oak. This mite is notable for its unique ability to form galls on oaks belonging to both the black oak group and the intermediate oak group, a trait not shared by other eriophyoid mites. The species is widely distributed across western North America and was previously classified under the genus Eriophyes.

  gall-miteeriophyidoak-parasiteleaf-gallwestern-North-AmericaQuercus

• Aceria theospyri

  persimmon leaf blister gall

  Aceria theospyri is a gall-forming eriophyid mite that produces distinctive leaf blister galls on persimmon (Diospyros virginiana). As a member of the superfamily Eriophyoidea, this microscopic mite has a worm-like, elongated body with only four legs. The species is highly host-specific, feeding exclusively on persimmon and causing characteristic blister-like deformities on leaves. Like other eriophyid mites, it has a short development period allowing rapid population buildup. The mite represents one of thousands of specialized plant-parasitic mites in this ancient lineage that radiated over 200 million years ago.

  eriophyid-mitegall-mitepersimmonDiospyrosleaf-gallplant-parasiteAcariEriophyidaehost-specificblister-gall

• Ampelomyia

  Ampelomyia is a genus of gall midges in the tribe Asphondyliini (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), erected in 2019 to accommodate species that induce galls on grape plants (Vitis). The genus contains four species: A. conicocoricis from Japan, and three Nearctic species transferred from other genera (A. viticola, A. vitiscoryloides, and A. vitispomum). All species are specialized gall inducers on Vitis species.

  gall-midgeCecidomyiidaeVitisgrapegall-inducerAsphondyliiniSchizomyiinaPalaearcticNearcticJapanleaf-gall

• Ampelomyia vitiscoryloides

  grape filbert gall midge, grape filbert gall

  A gall midge (Cecidomyiidae) that induces galls on grape plants (Vitis). Originally described as Schizomyia vitiscoryloides by Packard in 1869, it was transferred to the new genus Ampelomyia in 2018 based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic evidence. Widespread in eastern North America.

  gall-midgegrape-pestNearcticleaf-gallVitis

• Amphibolips ellipsoidalis

  Amphibolips ellipsoidalis is a species of gall wasp in the family Cynipidae. Members of this genus are known to induce galls on oak trees (Quercus species). The specific epithet 'ellipsoidalis' refers to the elliptical shape of the gall structure it produces. This species is part of a diverse radiation of cynipid wasps specialized on oaks in North America.

  gall-waspoak-gallCynipidaeleaf-gall

• Amphibolips ilicifoliae

  Amphibolips ilicifoliae is a species of gall wasp in the family Cynipidae that induces galls on oak leaves. It is one of numerous Amphibolips species associated with oaks in North America. The species is distinguished by its specific host association with certain oak groups and the morphology of the galls it produces. Like other cynipid gall wasps, it has a complex life cycle involving both sexual and asexual generations, though details specific to this species remain incompletely documented.

  cynipidaegall-waspoak-gallhymenopteranorth-americaquercusleaf-gallcynipiniamphibolipsinsecta

• Amphibolips quercusostensackenii

  Small Oak Apple Gall Wasp

  Amphibolips quercusostensackenii is a gall wasp in the family Cynipidae that induces distinctive galls on red oak leaves. The species was reclassified from Andricus to Amphibolips in 2002 based on adult morphology. It is distributed throughout eastern North America.

  gall-waspCynipidaeoak-gallred-oakNorth-Americaleaf-gall

• Andricus brunneus

  Clustered Gall Wasp

  Andricus brunneus is a small oak gall wasp found along the Pacific Coast of North America. Only females of this species are known to exist, indicating reproduction occurs through parthenogenesis. The species induces distinctive round galls on white oak leaves, particularly blue oaks (Quercus douglasii). Adults emerge in autumn.

  gall-waspoak-gallparthenogenesisPacific-CoastCynipidaeQuercusleaf-gall

• Andricus confertus

  Convoluted Gall Wasp

  Andricus confertus is a cynipid gall wasp endemic to California that induces distinctive pink, brain-like clustered galls on the underside of valley oak (Quercus lobata) leaves along the midrib. The species reproduces parthenogenetically, with female larvae initiating gall formation in summer and adults emerging the following spring. The galls are composite structures formed by multiple individual galls growing in close proximity.

  gall-waspcynipidoak-gallCalifornia-endemicparthenogenesisQuercus-lobataleaf-gall

• Andricus dimorphus

  Clustered Midrib Gall Wasp

  Andricus dimorphus, commonly known as the clustered midrib gall wasp, is a cynipid wasp that induces distinctive galls on oak leaves. The species forms clusters of up to 50 globular, red-brown galls along the midrib on the abaxial (underside) surface of white oak leaves, beginning in late summer. Adults emerge from galls the following year. The species was first described by William Beutenmuller in 1913 as Cynips dimorphus and later transferred to Andricus via the genus Adleria.

  cynipidaegall-waspoak-gallleaf-gallwhite-oakhymenopteraparasitoid-hostinquiline-habitat

• Andricus opertus

  Fimbriate Gall Wasp

  Andricus opertus is a cynipid gall wasp that induces distinctive galls on California oaks. The species exhibits alternation of generations, with bisexual and unisexual forms producing different gall types. The bisexual generation creates elongate, spiky leaf galls, while the unisexual generation forms aborted bud galls. This species is part of the highly diverse Andricus genus, which contains numerous oak-associated gall wasps.

  cynipidgall-waspoak-gallCalifornia-endemicalternation-of-generationsleaf-gallbud-gall

• Andricus pedicellatus

  hair stalk gall wasp

  Andricus pedicellatus, commonly known as the hair stalk gall wasp, is a cynipid wasp that induces distinctive long, spindly leaf galls on blue oaks (Quercus douglasii). The species is fairly common along the Pacific coast of North America. Like other members of the genus Andricus, it exhibits high host specificity, attacking only one or a few closely related oak species.

  cynipidaegall-waspoak-gallblue-oakquercus-douglasiileaf-gallpacific-coast

• Andricus quercusfoliatus

  leafy oak gall wasp

  Andricus quercusfoliatus, commonly known as the leafy oak gall wasp, is a species of cynipid gall wasp that induces distinctive galls on oak leaves. Like other members of the family Cynipidae, this wasp manipulates plant tissue development through chemical secretions, causing the host oak to form a specialized structure that provides shelter and nutrition for the developing larva. The species is part of the highly diverse Andricus genus, which contains numerous oak-associated gall wasps, each typically specialized to specific host species or oak groups. The common name 'leafy' refers to the gall's location on leaves rather than twigs or other plant parts.

  gall-waspcynipidoak-gallleaf-gallplant-manipulation

• Andricus quercusfrondosus

  Oak Rosette Gall Wasp

  Andricus quercusfrondosus is a cynipid gall wasp that induces distinctive rosette-shaped galls on the leaves of oak trees. As a member of the highly diverse genus Andricus, this species exemplifies the intimate host-plant specialization characteristic of gall-forming wasps. The galls provide shelter and food for the developing larva, which manipulates plant growth hormones to create this specialized structure. Like many Cynipidae, this species has a complex life cycle often involving alternation between sexual and asexual generations on different host tissues or related oak species.

  gall-waspcynipidoak-gallleaf-gallrosette-gallparasitoid-hostforest-insect

• Antistrophus

  An undescribed species in the genus Antistrophus, a group of cynipid gall wasps that induce distinctive galls on Asteraceae host plants. Members of this genus are typically monophagous, with each species associated with a single host plant species. The specific epithet reference to 'laciniatum' suggests association with Silphium laciniatum (compass plant), though this remains to be confirmed. The species has not been formally described in the scientific literature.

  gall-waspcynipidaeundescribed-speciesprairieasteraceaemonophagoussilphiumleaf-gallhymenopterainsectaarthropodaanimalia

• Asteromyia euthamiae

  Euthamia leaf gall midge

  Asteromyia euthamiae is a gall midge species described by Raymond Gagné in 1968. It is widely distributed across northern North America, where it induces leaf galls on Euthamia plants. The species is notable for producing distinctively colored galls with dark bodies and contrasting marginal bands.

  gall-midgeCecidomyiidaegall-inducerAsteraceaeEuthamialeaf-gallNorth-America

• Atrusca aggregata

  Atrusca aggregata is a species of cynipid gall wasp described by Weld in 1926. Like other members of the family Cynipidae, this tiny wasp induces the formation of characteristic galls on oak leaves. The genus Atrusca is known for producing colorful, detachable leaf galls on various Quercus species. Adult females emerge from galls and use their ovipositor to inject eggs into leaf tissues, initiating the next generation of galls.

  gall-waspcynipidoak-gallQuercusleaf-gallparasitoidHymenopteraCynipidaeAtruscaWeld-1926aggregata

• Atrusca cubitalis

  Atrusca cubitalis is a species of cynipid gall wasp, a group of tiny wasps known for inducing characteristic plant galls on their host plants. As a member of the family Cynipidae, this species exemplifies the highly specialized host relationships typical of gall wasps, where each species typically induces a distinct gall type on a specific host plant or closely related group of plants. The genus Atrusca is known for producing colorful and structurally distinctive galls on oak leaves (Quercus spp.), with A. cubitalis specifically associated with post oak (Quercus stellata) based on related species observations. The life cycle involves the female wasp using her ovipositor to inject eggs into leaf tissue, after which the developing larvae secrete plant growth hormones that cause the formation of a specialized gall structure within which they feed and develop.

  cynipidaegall-waspoak-gallpost-oakQuercus-stellataleaf-gallhymenopteraparasitoidplant-manipulationfall-emergence

• Atrusca quercuscentricola

  Spotted Oak Apple Gall Wasp

  Atrusca quercuscentricola is a cynipid gall wasp that induces distinctive colorful galls on the leaves of post oak (Quercus stellata). The galls are particularly notable for their bright coloration and the presence of a visible adult emergence hole upon maturation. Like other cynipid gall wasps, the female lays eggs in leaf tissue using her ovipositor, and the developing larvae secrete plant growth hormones that cause the plant to form a specialized gall structure. The larva develops inside this gall, feeding on the plant tissue, before emerging as an adult through a chewed exit hole.

  gall-waspcynipidoak-gallleaf-gallQuercus-stellatapost-oak

• Atrusca trimaculosa

  Woollybear Gall Wasp

  Atrusca trimaculosa, commonly known as the woollybear gall wasp, is a cynipid gall wasp that induces distinctive round, hairy galls on oak leaves. The galls are 3–4 mm wide, covered in stiff hairs, and typically clustered on leaf surfaces. Only females of this species are known, suggesting reproduction may occur through parthenogenesis. The species is associated with several oak species including valley oak, blue oak, and Oregon oak.

  gall-waspcynipidoakparthenogenesisleaf-gallCaliforniaOregonHymenoptera

• Atrusca unica

  Atrusca unica is a species of cynipid gall wasp in the family Cynipidae. Like other gall wasps, it induces the formation of specialized plant structures called galls on its host plant. The genus Atrusca is known for producing colorful, prominent leaf galls on oaks (Quercus spp.). This species appears to be relatively well-documented with 227 observations on iNaturalist, suggesting it is not exceptionally rare, though specific details about its biology remain limited in the provided sources.

  gall-waspcynipidoak-gallQuercusleaf-gallHymenopterainsectparasitoidplant-manipulationendoparasiteherbivoregall-induction

• Belonocnema

  Belonocnema is a genus of cynipid gall wasps restricted to the southeastern United States. The genus comprises three recognized species that induce distinct galls on section Virentes oaks, including live oaks. All species exhibit heterogony, with alternating sexual and asexual generations producing morphologically and ecologically different gall types. The genus has been subject to taxonomic revision, with Dryorhizoxenus now synonymized under Belonocnema.

  cynipidaegall-waspoak-gallheterogonyinquilineparasitoidhyperparasitoidsection-virenteslive-oakroot-gallleaf-gallsoutheastern-united-statesendemicgustav-mayr1881dryorhizoxenus-synonymcynipini

• Callirhytis favosa

  Honeycomb leaf gall wasp

  Callirhytis favosa is a gall wasp in the family Cynipidae that induces distinctive honeycomb-patterned galls on oak leaves. The species exhibits the complex life cycle typical of many cynipids, with alternating sexual and asexual generations that produce different gall types on different oak tissues. The specific epithet 'favosa' refers to the honeycomb-like appearance of the galls.

  cynipidaegall-waspoak-gallhymenopteraleaf-gallalternating-generationsparthenogenesis

• Callirhytis perfoveata

  leaf ball gall wasp

  Callirhytis perfoveata is a cynipid gall wasp endemic to California that induces distinctive spherical leaf galls on oak trees. Formerly classified as Andricus perfoveata, this species specifically targets coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia), interior live oak (Q. wislizeni), and occasionally California black oak (Q. kelloggii). The galls form embedded within leaf tissue, appearing as roughly spherical structures that emerge bright green and mature to brown.

  gall-waspoak-gallCalifornia-endemicleaf-gallCynipidae

• Callirhytis pigra

  oak midrib gall

  A cynipid gall wasp that induces distinctive galls on oak leaves. The species exhibits the typical complex life cycle of oak gall wasps, with alternating sexual and asexual generations that produce different gall morphologies on different oak tissues. The common name refers to the gall's position along the leaf midrib.

  cynipidaegall-waspoak-gallheterogonyleaf-gallmidrib-gall

• Callirhytis quercusfutilis

  Oak Wart Gall Wasp

  Callirhytis quercusfutilis is a cynipid gall wasp known for inducing distinctive wart-like galls on white oak group oaks. The species exhibits a complex life cycle with alternating generations: an asexual generation that develops in scurfy bark at the base of host tree trunks or roots, and a sexual generation that produces leaf galls. The species is restricted to central and eastern North America and is specifically associated with oaks in the Quercus section Quercus (white oaks).

  gall-waspoak-gallcynipidheterogonywhite-oakleaf-gallbark-gall

• Caryomyia caryae

  Hickory Sticky Globe Gall Midge

  Caryomyia caryae is a gall midge in the family Cecidomyiidae that induces distinctive globular galls on hickory leaves. The species is one of several gall-forming insects associated with Carya species in eastern North America. Like other cecidomyiids, it manipulates host plant tissue development through chemical secretions to create protective structures for its larvae.

  gall-midgeCecidomyiidaegall-formerhickoryCaryaleaf-gall

• Caryomyia cilidolium

  Hickory Fuzzy Ginger Jar Gall Midge

  Caryomyia cilidolium is a species of gall midge in the family Cecidomyiidae, described by Gagné in 2008. It induces distinctive galls on hickory trees (Carya species), specifically forming 'fuzzy ginger jar' shaped structures on leaves. The species is part of a genus specialized in creating galls on hickory foliage. It has been documented across eastern North America where its host trees occur.

  gall-midgeleaf-gallhickoryCecidomyiidaeCarya

• Caryomyia flaticrustum

  Hickory Puff Tart Gall Midge

  Caryomyia flaticrustum is a gall midge species in the family Cecidomyiidae, described by Gagné in 2008. The species is known for inducing distinctive galls on hickory trees (Carya species). It is one of several Caryomyia species specialized on hickory hosts. The common name "Hickory Puff Tart Gall Midge" refers to the characteristic gall morphology produced on host leaves.

  gall-midgeCecidomyiidaehickoryCaryagall-formerleaf-gallNorth-Americaforest-insectherbivore

• Caryomyia shmoo

  Caryomyia shmoo is a species of gall midge in the family Cecidomyiidae, described by Gagné in 2008. Like other members of the genus Caryomyia, it is associated with hickory trees (Carya species), inducing distinctive galls on leaves. The species name references the Shmoo cartoon character, alluding to the gall's shape. It is one of approximately 20 described species in this genus, all of which are North American specialists on Carya.

  gall-midgeleaf-gallhickoryNorth-AmericaCecidomyiidae

• Caryomyia supina

  Hickory Supine Squash Gall Midge

  A gall midge in the family Cecidomyiidae that induces distinctive galls on hickory leaves. The species is associated with Carya species, particularly shagbark hickory (Carya ovata). Adults are small, delicate flies typical of the family. The specific epithet 'supina' refers to the supine (upward-facing) orientation of the gall structure.

  gall-midgeCecidomyiidaeCaryomyiahickoryCaryaleaf-gallforest-insectparasitoid-hostinquiline-habitatNorth-Americaspring-emergencehost-specificsupine-gallJuglandaceae-associatedtemperate-deciduous-forest

• Caryomyia tuberidolium

  Caryomyia tuberidolium is a species of gall midge in the family Cecidomyiidae, described by Gagné in 2008. It is known to induce galls on hickory trees (Carya species), forming distinct structures on the leaves. The species is part of a genus specialized on Carya hosts. It has been documented across the eastern United States where its host trees occur.

  gall-midgeCecidomyiidaeCaryahickoryleaf-gallNorth-America

• Caryomyia turbanella

  Caryomyia turbanella is a species of gall midge in the family Cecidomyiidae, described by Gagné in 2008. It belongs to a genus whose members are known for inducing galls on hickory and pecan trees (Carya spp.). The species name 'turbanella' refers to the distinctive turban-shaped galls it produces on host leaves.

  gall-midgeCecidomyiidaeCaryomyiahickory-gallturban-gallleaf-gallCarya

• Celticecis

  hackberry gall midges

  Celticecis is a genus of gall midges in the family Cecidomyiidae, commonly known as hackberry gall midges. Species in this genus induce leaf galls on Celtis species (Ulmaceae), commonly called hackberries or sugarberries. The genus was described by Gagné in 1983. At least one species, Celticecis japonica, is known to serve as a host for parasitoid wasps in the genus Torymus.

  gall-midgehackberryCeltisleaf-gallCecidomyiidaeparasitoid-host

• Celticecis cornuata

  Hackberry Horn Gall Midge

  Celticecis cornuata is a gall midge in the family Cecidomyiidae that induces distinctive horn-shaped galls on hackberry trees (Celtis species). The species is named for the horn-like projections formed on host leaves. It is one of several Celticecis species specialized on Celtis hosts in North America. Adults are small, delicate flies typical of gall midges. The species has been documented across much of the eastern and central United States.

  gall-midgeCecidomyiidaeCeltishackberryleaf-gallplant-gallDiptera

• Celticecis globosa

  Hackberry Globular Leaf Gall Midge

  Celticecis globosa is a gall midge species in the family Cecidomyiidae, described by Gagné in 2013. The species induces distinctive globular leaf galls on hackberry trees (Celtis spp.). As a member of the genus Celticecis, it is part of a specialized radiation of gall midges associated with this host plant genus. The common name reflects both the gall morphology and host association.

  gall-midgeCecidomyiidaeCeltishackberryleaf-gallphytophagyplant-insect-interaction

• Cynips multipunctata

  Gray Midrib Gall Wasp

  Cynips multipunctata is a cynipid gall wasp that induces galls on oak trees, primarily blue oak (Quercus douglasii), in western North America. The species was formerly classified under the genus Besbicus. It is most commonly encountered in California, where it produces distinctive detachable galls on leaf midribs. The galls are solid except for a central larval chamber.

  gall-waspcynipidoak-gallCaliforniablue-oakleaf-gall

• Druon pattoni

  Druon pattoni is a species of cynipid gall wasp in the family Cynipidae, found in the United States. It forms leaf galls on several oak species (Quercus chapmanii and Quercus stellata, with tentative records from Quercus margarettae and Quercus sinuata var. breviloba). Only the asexual generation is known; adults emerge from mature galls in October to November.

  gall-waspcynipidoak-gallasexual-reproductionleaf-gallQuercusHymenoptera

• Dryocosmus quercusnotha

  Furry Oak Leaf Gall Wasp

  Dryocosmus quercusnotha is a gall wasp in the family Cynipidae, first described by Osten Sacken in 1870. It is commonly known as the Furry Oak Leaf Gall Wasp. The species induces characteristic galls on oak leaves. It belongs to a genus whose members are primarily associated with oak (Quercus) hosts.

  gall-waspoak-associatecynipidleaf-gall

• Eriophyes cerasicrumena

  Black Cherry Leaf Gall Mite

  Eriophyes cerasicrumena is a gall mite in the family Eriophyidae that induces distinctive spindle-shaped galls on black cherry (Prunus serotina) leaves. The species was formerly classified under the genus Phytoptus. The galls serve as a food source for caterpillars of the cherry gall azure butterfly (Celastrina serotina), which consume both gall tissue and the mites themselves. The species is documented across eastern North America with over 8,600 observations.

  gall-miteeriophyidPrunus-serotinaCelastrina-serotinaleaf-gallparasitismmutualism?North-Americamicroscopictaxonomic-revision

• Feron bakkeri

  Pinched Leaf Gall Wasp

  Feron bakkeri is a gall wasp in the family Cynipidae that induces distinctive pink leaf galls on oaks. The species was formerly classified under the genus Andricus and has been reclassified to Feron based on phylogenetic studies. It is considered relatively uncommon compared to other oak gall wasps in its range.

  gall-waspoak-gallleaf-gallCynipidaeCaliforniaOregonQuercus

• Feron izabellae

  Pink Bow-Tie Gall Wasp

  Feron izabellae is an oak gall wasp described in 2023 from Northern California. The species induces distinctive pink spangle galls on white oak leaves, with galls folding at maturity to resemble bow-ties. Only the asexual generation is known. The species was named in memory of the senior author's mother and granddaughter.

  gall-waspoak-gallCynipidaeCalifornia-endemicasexual-generationleaf-gallspangle-gallwhite-oak-associaterecently-described-species

• Lauritrioza alacris

  Bay Sucker

  Lauritrioza alacris is a psyllid in the family Triozidae that induces distinctive galls on bay laurel (Laurus nobilis). Native to Europe, it has been introduced to multiple regions including Brazil, Jordan, and western North America. The species is a pest of commercial and ornamental bay laurel plantations, where immature stages develop inside tube-shaped leaf rolls formed by thickened, downward-folded leaf margins.

  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• Macrodiplosis qoruca

  Oak Vein Pocket Gall Midge

  Macrodiplosis qoruca is a gall midge in the family Cecidomyiidae, known for inducing pocket-like galls on oak leaf veins. The species is widely distributed in North America and has been documented through over 1,300 observations. Adults are small, delicate flies typical of the family. The specific epithet 'qoruca' derives from the Cherokee word for oak.

  gall-midgeoak-gallCecidomyiidaeparasitoid-hostforest-insectNorth-Americaunivoltineleaf-gall

• Neuroterus aliceae

  Neuroterus aliceae is a species of gall wasp in the family Cynipidae, described in 2021. Like other members of the genus Neuroterus, this species induces gall formation on oak leaves. The genus Neuroterus is known for creating distinctive leaf galls, including the jumping oak galls where larval movement can cause detached galls to move. This species is part of the diverse radiation of oak-associated cynipid wasps, with over 800 species of oak gall wasps documented in North America.

  gall-waspcynipidoak-gallNeuroterusleaf-gallHymenopteraCynipidae

• Neuroterus anthracinus

  Oyster Gall Wasp

  Neuroterus anthracinus is a gall wasp in the family Cynipidae that forms chemically induced leaf galls on oak trees. The species exhibits heterogony, alternating between sexual and agamic (parthenogenetic) generations that produce two distinct gall types: the oyster gall and the April-bud gall. This wasp has been widely distributed across Europe and has been introduced to North America.

  gall-waspcynipidoak-gallheterogonyparthenogenesisleaf-gallbud-gallintroduced-species

• Neuroterus saltarius

  Jumping Gall Wasp

  Neuroterus saltarius is a species of gall wasp in the family Cynipidae, commonly known as the jumping gall wasp. It induces distinctive leaf galls on oak trees that detach from the plant and fall to the ground. The developing larva inside the fallen gall can cause the gall to jump when it moves, a unique behavioral trait that gives the species its common name. This species is part of the diverse Neuroterus genus, which contains many oak-associated gall wasps with complex life cycles.

  gall-waspCynipidaeoakjumping-gallparthenogenesisNeuroterusleaf-gallground-dwelling-gall

• Pachypsylla celtidisumbilicus

  Hackberry Disc Gall Psyllid

  Pachypsylla celtidisumbilicus is a species of hackberry psyllid that produces distinctive disc-shaped galls on hackberry leaves (Celtis spp.). Adults emerge in fall and seek shelter to overwinter, often becoming household nuisances when they congregate on building exteriors. The species is one of at least seven Pachypsylla species associated with hackberry in North America, each producing a characteristic gall morphology.

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