Psyllid

Guides

• Acizzia

  Acizzia is a genus of psyllids in the monotypic subfamily Acizziinae, established by George Heslop-Harrison in 1961. Species are primarily associated with leguminous hosts, particularly Acacia and Albizia species in Australia, though some have expanded to Solanaceae and Loranthaceae. Many species exhibit high host specificity, with some being monophagous or oligophagous. Several species have become invasive outside their native ranges following the global horticultural trade of their host plants.

  psyllidphloem-feedinghost-specificinvasivecoextinction-riskhorticultural-pestAustraliaAcaciaAlbiziaSolanum

• Acizzia acaciaebaileyanae

  Acizzia acaciaebaileyanae is a psyllid species specialized on Acacia baileyana, a widely planted ornamental acacia. Native to Australia, it has spread globally through human transport of its host plant. Despite forming dense populations, it has been observed not to cause visible damage to the host. The species exemplifies inadvertent introduction of specialist herbivores via horticultural trade.

  psyllidAcacia-specialistintroduced-specieshorticultural-associateAustralia-native

• Acizzia hakeae

  A psyllid species in the family Psyllidae, originally described as Psylla hakeae by Tuthill in 1952. The specific epithet 'hakeae' indicates an association with Hakea, a genus of Australian shrubs. The species has been recorded in Australia and New Zealand.

  psyllidjumping-plant-louseSternorrhynchaHakea-associated

• Acizzia jamatonica

  Acizzia jamatonica is a psyllid species (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) native to Asia that has established populations in Europe and North America. It is associated with Albizia species, particularly Albizia julibrissin. The species was first described by Kuwayama in 1908 from Japan and has since been detected as a non-native introduction in multiple countries.

  psyllidinvasiveornamental-pestAlbiziaphloem-feeder

• Acizzia uncatoides

  Acacia Psyllid

  Acizzia uncatoides is a psyllid species native to Australia, primarily associated with Acacia species, especially Acacia melanoxylon, and some Albizia species. It has been introduced to multiple regions worldwide, including La Réunion, where it poses a significant threat to endemic Acacia heterophylla forests. Though capable of reaching high population densities, it is not generally regarded as a major pest species in most of its range. The species serves as prey for generalist psyllid predators and has been targeted for classical biological control programs.

  psyllidinvasive-speciesbiological-control-targetAcacia-specialistAustralia-native

• Acizziinae

  Acizziinae is a monotypic subfamily of psyllids (family Psyllidae) containing the single genus Acizzia. The subfamily was established by George Heslop-Harrison in 1961 and has a worldwide distribution. Members are small sap-feeding insects associated with host plants.

  psyllidsap-feedermonotypicworldwide

• Amorphicola amorphae

  false indigo psyllid

  Amorphicola amorphae, commonly known as the false indigo psyllid, is a jumping plant louse in the family Psyllidae. It is a specialist herbivore associated with false indigo plants (Amorpha spp.). The species has been documented in scattered localities across the central and western United States. As a member of the Sternorrhyncha, it possesses piercing-sucking mouthparts adapted for feeding on plant vascular fluids.

  psyllidjumping-plant-lousefalse-indigospecialist-herbivoreSternorrhyncha

• Amorphicola pallida

  Amorphicola pallida is a psyllid species in the family Psyllidae, first described by Tuthill in 1943. Psyllids, commonly known as jumping plant lice, are small sap-feeding insects that typically specialize on particular host plants. This species has been recorded from the central United States including Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, and Nebraska.

  psyllidjumping-plant-lousesap-feeding-insectHemipteraNorth-America

• Amorphicolinae

  Amorphicolinae is a subfamily of jumping plant lice within the family Psyllidae (Hemiptera). Members of this group are small, sap-feeding insects associated with host plants. The subfamily is relatively poorly documented compared to other psyllid groups, with limited published research on its biology and ecology.

  psyllidjumping-plant-lousesap-feederSternorrhyncha

• Aphalara

  jumping plant lice, psyllids

  Aphalara is a genus of jumping plant lice (psyllids) in the family Aphalaridae and tribe Aphalarini. The genus contains approximately 37 recognized valid species distributed across the Palearctic, Nearctic, and Neotropical regions. Many species are specialized herbivores of Polygonaceae, particularly Polygonum and Rumex, with some groups showing strict host associations. The genus includes A. itadori, a widely studied biological control agent for invasive knotweeds (Reynoutria/Fallopia spp.) in Europe and North America. Species exhibit diverse biologies including gall induction on host plants and vibrational communication during mate search.

  psyllidjumping-plant-lousePolygonaceaegall-formerbiological-controlphloem-feedervibrational-communication

• Aphalara monticola

  Aphalara monticola is a species of jumping plant louse in the family Aphalaridae, described by Hodkinson in 1973. Like other members of the genus Aphalara, this species is associated with host plants and exhibits the characteristic morphology of psyllids, including membranous wings held roof-like over the body and piercing-sucking mouthparts adapted for feeding on plant sap. The specific epithet 'monticola' suggests an association with mountainous habitats.

  psyllidjumping-plant-louseAphalaridaeHemipteraInsectamonticolaHodkinson-1973

• Aphalara persicaria

  Aphalara persicaria is a species of psyllid (jumping plant louse) in the family Aphalaridae, first described by Caldwell in 1937. The species epithet "persicaria" suggests a possible association with plants in the genus Persicaria (knotweeds), though specific host relationships remain undocumented. It belongs to a genus of small, sap-feeding insects that are poorly studied in North America. Records indicate presence in Cuba and Ohio, USA.

  psyllidSternorrhynchaAphalaridaeNorth-AmericaCubadata-deficient

• Aphalaroida californica

  Aphalaroida californica is a species of jumping plant louse (psyllid) in the family Psyllidae, described by Tuthill in 1939. The specific epithet "californica" indicates its association with California. As a member of Sternorrhyncha, it is a phloem-feeding insect. Very little published information exists on its biology, host associations, or ecology.

  PsyllidaeSternorrhynchaHemipteraCalifornia-endemicphloem-feederpsyllidjumping-plant-louse

• Aphalaroida inermis

  Aphalaroida inermis is a species of jumping plant louse (psyllid) in the family Psyllidae. First described by Crawford in 1914, this small hemipteran insect belongs to a group of sap-feeding insects associated with host plants. The species name 'inermis' (Latin for 'unarmed') likely refers to morphological features lacking spines or projections. Like other psyllids, it undergoes incomplete metamorphosis with distinct nymphal stages.

  psyllidjumping-plant-louseSternorrhynchasap-feederNorth-America

• Aphalaroida pithecolobia

  Aphalaroida pithecolobia is a psyllid species in the family Psyllidae, described by Crawford in 1914. It belongs to a genus associated with host-specific relationships on leguminous plants. The species has been documented across multiple western North American states based on collection records.

  psyllidHemipteraSternorrhynchawestern-North-AmericaFabaceae-associate

• Aphalaroidinae

  Aphalaroidinae is a subfamily of psyllids within the family Psyllidae. These are small sap-feeding insects commonly known as jumping plant lice. The subfamily is distinguished by particular wing venation patterns and genitalic structures that separate it from other psyllid subfamilies. Members are associated with various host plants, though specific associations remain incompletely documented for many taxa.

  psyllidjumping-plant-lousesap-feederMyrtaceaeEucalyptus-pest

• Arytaina genistae

  Broom Psyllid

  Arytaina genistae, commonly known as the Broom Psyllid, is a jumping plant louse in the family Psyllidae. The species is native to Europe and has been introduced to North America, where it has become established across much of the United States. It is associated with brooms (Genista and Cytisus species) as its host plants. The species is of interest both as a potential biological control agent for invasive brooms and as a pest of ornamental and cultivated broom species.

  psyllidjumping-plant-lousebiological-controlinvasive-speciesFabaceae-specialist

• Bactericera antennata

  Rudbeckia Triozid

  Bactericera antennata is a psyllid species in the family Triozidae, commonly known as the Rudbeckia Triozid. It is a small, plant-feeding insect in the order Hemiptera, related to aphids and whiteflies. The species is distributed across much of North America with records from numerous U.S. states and Canadian provinces. As with most psyllids, it feeds by penetrating plant phloem and sucking sap.

  psyllidjumping-plant-lousephloem-feederNorth-AmericaTriozidaeSternorrhyncha

• Bactericera arbolensis

  Bactericera arbolensis is a small psyllid species first described from Arboles, Colorado in 1910. It is associated with Shepherdia species (buffaloberry), particularly Silver Buffaloberry (Shepherdia argentea) and Canadian Buffaloberry (Shepherdia canadensis). The species is poorly known, with few literature records from Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado. A 2014 observation from Cheyenne Mountain Zoo in Colorado suggested potential wing morphology variation or possible undescribed related species, highlighting the need for further study.

  psyllidjumping-plant-louseShepherdiabuffaloberryTriozidaerarepoorly-knownwestern-North-Americaphloem-feeder

• Bactericera athenae

  Bactericera athenae is a species of psyllid in the family Triozidae, first described by Crawford in 1914. Like other members of the genus Bactericera, it is a small phloem-feeding insect commonly known as a "jumping plant louse." The genus Bactericera contains approximately 24 described species in North America north of Mexico, many of which are poorly known and associated with specific host plants.

  psyllidjumping-plant-louseSternorrhynchaTriozidaephloem-feeder

• Bactericera californica

  California psyllid

  Bactericera californica is a species of psyllid in the family Triozidae, first described by Crawford in 1910. It is native to western North America and has been documented in California, Arizona, Colorado, and Arkansas. As a member of the genus Bactericera, it belongs to a group of psyllids that includes several economically significant agricultural pests. The species is poorly studied compared to its congener B. cockerelli, the potato psyllid, and little is known about its specific biology or host associations.

  psyllidTriozidaewestern-North-AmericaHemipteraSternorrhynchapoorly-known-species

• Bactericera dorsalis

  Bactericera dorsalis is a species of psyllid, commonly known as a jumping plant louse, in the family Triozidae. First described by Crawford in 1914 as Kuwayama dorsalis, this small phloem-feeding insect belongs to a genus containing approximately 24 species in North America north of Mexico. Like other psyllids, it feeds by penetrating plant phloem and sucking sap. The species is poorly known compared to economically important relatives such as the potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli).

  psyllidjumping-plant-louseTriozidaephloem-feederwestern-North-Americapoorly-known-species

• Bactericera lavaterae

  Island Mallow Psyllid

  Bactericera lavaterae is a species of psyllid in the family Triozidae, described by Van Duzee in 1924. The species is commonly known as the Island Mallow Psyllid, reflecting its association with mallow plants (Malvaceae). As a member of the Sternorrhyncha suborder, it is a phloem-feeding insect that uses piercing-sucking mouthparts to extract plant sap. The species is part of the diverse Bactericera genus, which contains approximately 24 described species in North America north of Mexico.

  TriozidaeSternorrhynchaphloem-feedingpsyllidNorth-America

• Bactericera lobata

  Bactericera lobata is a psyllid species (family Triozidae) first described by Crawford in 1914. As a member of the genus Bactericera, it belongs to a diverse group of phloem-feeding insects commonly known as jumping plant lice. The species is recorded from the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. Like other psyllids, it likely feeds on plant phloem sap, though specific host associations remain poorly documented. The genus includes economically significant species such as the potato psyllid (B. cockerelli), but B. lobata itself has received limited research attention.

  psyllidTriozidaephloem-feederSternorrhynchaNorth-AmericaCrawford-1914

• Bactericera maculipennis

  psyllid, jumping plant louse

  Bactericera maculipennis is a psyllid species in the family Triozidae, native to western North America. It is a confirmed vector of 'Candidatus' Liberibacter solanacearum, the bacterium that causes zebra chip disease in potatoes. The species develops primarily on plants in the Convolvulaceae family, with field records documenting association with Convolvulus arvensis (field bindweed) throughout the western United States. Unlike the related potato psyllid B. cockerelli, B. maculipennis has not been documented as a direct economic threat to solanaceous crops, though it shares pathogen reservoirs with that species.

  psyllidvectorLiberibacterzebra-chipConvolvulaceaefield-bindweedwestern-North-AmericaTriozidaephloem-feederendosymbionts

• Bactericera minuta

  Bactericera minuta is a small psyllid species native to North America that has become adventive in South America, where it was first recorded in Colombia. It feeds on willow species (Salix), particularly Salix humboldtiana, and has been associated with phytoplasma disease symptoms in infested trees. The species was originally described in 1910 and represents one of only two Bactericera species known from South America, where the genus is not native.

  psyllidwillow-pestadventive-speciesphytoplasma-associationurban-pestColombiaNorth-Americaphloem-feederornamental-pest

• Bactericera shepherdiae

  Bactericera shepherdiae is a small psyllid species in the family Triozidae, described by Tuthill in 1938. It is associated with buffaloberry plants (Shepherdia spp.), specifically Silver Buffaloberry (Shepherdia argentea) and Canadian Buffaloberry (Shepherdia canadensis). The species is poorly documented and appears to be uncommon, with limited records from western North America. It is one of approximately 24 Bactericera species known from North America north of Mexico.

  psyllidTriozidaeShepherdiabuffaloberryphloem-feederspecialist-herbivorewestern-North-America

• Baeoalitriozus

  Baeoalitriozus is a genus of psyllids (true bugs in the family Triozidae) comprising at least 16 described species. The genus was established by Li in 2011 and has a notably broad geographic distribution spanning three continents: North America, Africa, and Southeastern Asia. Species in this genus are associated with diverse host plants, including Diospyros (persimmon) and Sersalisia. The genus demonstrates considerable taxonomic diversity with species described across multiple decades by various psyllid specialists including Crawford, Tuthill, Hollis, and Buckton.

  psyllidTriozidaeHemipteraSternorrhynchaplant-feedingdisjunct-distribution

• Baeoalitriozus diospyri

  Persimmon Psyllid

  Baeoalitriozus diospyri, commonly known as the persimmon psyllid, is a hemipteran insect in the family Triozidae. It is found in the United States and Mexico, where it feeds on persimmon species including Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki), ornamental varieties, and native persimmons. The species was originally described as Psylla diospyri by Ashmead in 1881.

  psyllidpestDiospyroshorticultural-pest

• Blastopsylla occidentalis

  Eucalyptus Shoot Psyllid

  Blastopsylla occidentalis is a psyllid native to Australia that has been introduced to multiple continents, becoming a significant pest of Eucalyptus species in forestry plantations worldwide. The species forms colonies on apical shoot tips where adults and nymphs feed on phloem sap, causing shoot distortion, reduced growth, apical tip death, and general plant weakening. Under field conditions in tropical and subtropical regions, it exhibits polyvoltine reproduction with all life stages present year-round. Population densities fluctuate seasonally, with peaks during dry periods and declines during heavy rainfall.

  eucalyptus-pestpsyllidforestry-pestinvasive-speciespolyvoltinephloem-feederplantation-pestbiological-control-target

• Boreioglycaspis

  Boreioglycaspis is a genus of psyllids in the family Aphalaridae, containing species that specialize on Melaleuca and related Myrtaceae. The genus includes Boreioglycaspis melaleucae, introduced to Florida in 2002 as a classical biological control agent against the invasive tree Melaleuca quinquenervia. Species in this genus are characterized by their narrow host specificity and association with Australian native plants.

  psyllidbiological-controlinvasive-species-managementMyrtaceae-specialistAustralian-nativeFlorida-introducedtemperature-sensitiveparasitoid-affected

• Cacopsylla alba

  Cacopsylla alba is a species of psyllid, or jumping plant louse, in the family Psyllidae. Like other psyllids, it is a small, phloem-feeding insect that uses piercing-sucking mouthparts to extract sap from host plants. The species was originally described as Psylla alba by Crawford in 1914 before being transferred to the genus Cacopsylla. It belongs to a large genus of psyllids, many of which are associated with specific host plants and some of which are significant agricultural pests.

  psyllidjumping-plant-louseSternorrhynchaphloem-feederwestern-North-America

• Cacopsylla annulata

  Cacopsylla annulata is a species of psyllid, commonly known as a jumping plant louse, in the family Psyllidae. First described by Fitch in 1851 as Psylla annulata, it was later transferred to the genus Cacopsylla. Like other psyllids, it is a phloem-feeding hemipteran that uses its piercing-sucking mouthparts to extract sap from host plants. The species has been documented across multiple northeastern and midwestern U.S. states.

  psyllidjumping-plant-lousephloem-feederSternorrhyncha

• Cacopsylla curta

  Cacopsylla curta is a species of jumping plant louse in the family Psyllidae, first described by Tuthill in 1943. Like other members of the genus Cacopsylla, it is a small sap-feeding insect associated with woody plants. The species has been documented in western North America, with records from California, Colorado, and Oregon. As with many psyllid species, detailed biological information remains limited in published sources.

  psyllidjumping-plant-louseHemipteraSternorrhynchawestern-North-America

• Cacopsylla fatsiae

  Cacopsylla fatsiae is a psyllid species in the family Psyllidae, described by Jensen in 1957. It belongs to the genus Cacopsylla, which includes numerous phloem-feeding insects associated with woody plants. The species has been recorded in Japan, China (Hong Kong), and California (USA). Like other Cacopsylla species, it is presumed to feed on plant phloem sap, though specific host associations for C. fatsiae remain poorly documented in published literature.

  psyllidphloem-feederHemipteraSternorrhynchaCacopsyllaJapanChinaCaliforniainvasiveplant-pest

• Cacopsylla magnicauda

  Cacopsylla magnicauda is a species of psyllid, commonly known as a jumping plant louse, within the family Psyllidae. First described by Crawford in 1914, this species belongs to a genus containing numerous plant-feeding insects that use piercing-sucking mouthparts to extract phloem sap. Like other psyllids, it is likely associated with specific host plants, though detailed ecological studies for this particular species appear limited. The species has been recorded in western North America including Alberta, British Columbia, California, Colorado, and Manitoba.

  psyllidjumping-plant-lousephloem-feederSternorrhynchawestern-North-America

• Cacopsylla mali

  apple leaf sucker, apple psylla, apple sucker

  Cacopsylla mali is a psyllid species in the family Psyllidae, native to Eurasia and introduced to North America. Commonly known as the apple leaf sucker or apple psylla, it is associated with apple (Malus) host plants. The species belongs to the subfamily Psyllinae and is one of several Cacopsylla species involved in apple-associated insect-plant interactions.

  psyllidapple-pestagricultural-pestphloem-feederintroduced-speciesHemipteraPsyllidae

• Cacopsylla nana

  Cacopsylla nana is a species of jumping plant louse (psyllid) in the family Psyllidae, first described by Tuthill in 1938. Like other members of the genus Cacopsylla, it is a phloem-feeding hemipteran that feeds on plant sap. The species is part of a large genus containing many economically important pests, though specific information about C. nana's biology and ecology remains limited. It belongs to the suborder Sternorrhyncha, which includes other sap-feeding insects such as aphids, whiteflies, and scale insects.

  psyllidjumping-plant-lousephloem-feederSternorrhynchaHemiptera

• Cacopsylla negundinis

  boxelder psyllid

  Cacopsylla negundinis is a psyllid species in the family Psyllidae, order Hemiptera. Like other members of its genus, it is a phloem-feeding insect that uses piercing-sucking mouthparts to extract plant sap. The species is associated with boxelder (Acer negundo) as a host plant. As with related Cacopsylla species, it likely undergoes a single generation per year with overwintering adults.

  psyllidphloem-feederboxelder-pestsingle-generationornamental-pest

• Cacopsylla notapennis

  Cacopsylla notapennis is a species of psyllid in the family Psyllidae, described by Jensen in 1956. As a member of the genus Cacopsylla, it belongs to a group of phloem-feeding insects commonly known as jumping plant lice. The species is part of the diverse psyllid fauna of the Holarctic region, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented.

  psyllidSternorrhynchaphloem-feederHemipteraPsyllidaeCacopsyllajumping-plant-louse

• Cacopsylla quadrilineata

  Cacopsylla quadrilineata is a psyllid species (family Psyllidae) in the order Hemiptera, originally described by Fitch in 1851. Psyllids in this genus are small plant-feeding insects commonly known as jumping plant lice, which feed on phloem sap using piercing-sucking mouthparts. This species belongs to a group of insects whose landscape movements and host associations can be tracked through molecular gut content analysis, a technique that has revealed their use of diverse non-host plants as temporary refuges.

  psyllidjumping-plant-lousephloem-feederSternorrhynchaHemiptera

• Cacopsylla rara

  Cacopsylla rara is a species of jumping plant louse in the family Psyllidae. It is a small, phloem-feeding insect within the suborder Sternorrhyncha. The species was described by Tuthill in 1944. Like other psyllids, it feeds by penetrating plant phloem and sucking sap.

  psyllidjumping-plant-lousephloem-feederSternorrhyncha

• Cacopsylla sinuata

  Cacopsylla sinuata is a species of psyllid, or 'jumping plant louse,' described by Crawford in 1914. Like other members of the genus Cacopsylla, it is a small, phloem-feeding hemipteran with siphon-like mouthparts. The species belongs to the family Psyllidae within the suborder Sternorrhyncha, which includes other sap-sucking insects such as aphids, scales, and whiteflies. Specific ecological details for this species remain poorly documented.

  psyllidjumping-plant-louseSternorrhynchaphloem-feederHemiptera

• Cacopsylla tenuata

  Cacopsylla tenuata is a species of psyllid, commonly known as a jumping plant louse, in the family Psyllidae. Like other members of its genus, it is a phloem-feeding insect that uses piercing-sucking mouthparts to extract sap from host plants. The species was described by Jensen in 1951. Very little specific information is available about its biology or ecology.

  psyllidjumping-plant-louseSternorrhynchaphloem-feeder

• Calinda collaris

  Calinda collaris is a species of psyllid, a small sap-sucking insect in the family Triozidae. First described by Crawford in 1910, this species belongs to a genus of jumping plant lice that feed on various host plants. Like other psyllids, it undergoes incomplete metamorphosis and is associated with specific plant hosts, though detailed biological information remains limited in published literature.

  psyllidjumping-plant-louseSternorrhynchaTriozidaeCalindaincomplete-metamorphosissap-feedingplant-associated

• Calinda longistylus

  Calinda longistylus is a psyllid species in the family Triozidae, described by Crawford in 1910. It belongs to a genus associated with host plants in the family Solanaceae. The species has been recorded from scattered localities in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico.

  psyllidTriozidaeSternorrhynchasouthwestern-North-America

• Calophya

  jumping plant lice

  Calophya is the type genus of the psyllid family Calophyidae, containing at least 69 described species. Members are gall-forming psyllids that feed on phloem and induce galls on host plants, primarily in the family Anacardiaceae. Several species have been investigated as biological control agents for invasive plants, particularly Brazilian peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolia). The genus shows high host specificity, with most species completing development only on specific host plants.

  psyllidgall-formingbiological-controlAnacardiaceaephloem-feeder

• Calophya minuta

  Calophya minuta is a species of jumping plant louse in the family Calophyidae, first described by Tuthill in 1942. The species belongs to the order Hemiptera, suborder Sternorrhyncha, and is part of the psyllid superfamily Psylloidea. Like other members of its genus, it is likely associated with specific host plants, though detailed ecological information remains limited. The species has been documented in observation records, with 12 observations recorded on iNaturalist.

  psyllidjumping-plant-louseSternorrhynchaHemipteraCalophyidaeNeotropical

• Calophya oweni

  A small psyllid in the family Calophyidae, described by Tuthill in 1939. Very little published information exists on this species. The few available records suggest it occurs in western North America. As with other Calophya species, it likely develops on specific host plants, though these remain undocumented for this particular species.

  psyllidjumping-plant-louseSternorrhynchaCalophyidaeTuthill-1939western-North-Americararely-recordeddata-deficient

• Calophya schini

  Peppertree Psyllid

  Calophya schini is a small psyllid in the family Calophyidae, specialized on Schinus molle (Peruvian peppertree). Adults are approximately 2 mm in length with orange to pale yellow or green coloration and hyaline wings. The species is endemic to Central America but has been introduced widely through human cultivation of its host plant, now occurring in the United States, New Zealand, and other regions. Nymphs cause distinctive dimples on leaves and can produce severe leaf malformations when abundant.

  psyllidSternorrhynchapestornamental-plant-pestintroduced-specieshost-specific-herbivore

• Calophyidae

  Calophyidae is a family of jumping plant lice (psyllids) within the superfamily Psylloidea (Hemiptera). Members of this family are phloem-feeding insects that induce galls on host plants, with several species studied as classical biological control agents for invasive weeds. The family contains four recognized subfamilies: Atmetocraniinae, Calophyinae, Metapsyllinae, and Symphorosinae. Notable genera include Calophya, which contains multiple species associated with Schinus species (Anacardiaceae).

  psyllidjumping-plant-lousegall-inducerbiological-controlphloem-feederSternorrhyncha

• Ceanothia bicolor

  Ceanothia bicolor is a species of psyllid (jumping plant louse) in the family Psyllidae, described by Jensen in 1957. As a member of the Sternorrhyncha, it is a sap-feeding insect associated with host plants. The genus Ceanothia is named after its association with Ceanothus plants. This species is known from limited collection records in California.

  psyllidjumping-plant-louseSternorrhynchaCalifornia-endemic

• Ceanothia ceanothi

  Ceanothia ceanothi is a species of jumping plant louse (psyllid) in the family Psyllidae, described by Crawford in 1914. The species is associated with Ceanothus host plants, as indicated by its specific epithet. It belongs to a group of sap-feeding insects that specialize on particular plant taxa. Distribution records indicate presence in western North America.

  psyllidjumping-plant-louseSternorrhynchawestern-North-AmericaCeanothus-associated

• Ceropsylla

  Ceropsylla is a genus of jumping plant lice (psyllids) in the family Triozidae. The genus includes Ceropsylla sideroxyli, known as the False-Mastic Psylla, which causes severe damage to leaves of the false-mastic tree (Sideroxylon foetidissimum). Psyllids in this genus are small, sap-feeding hemipterans with host-specific relationships to their plant hosts.

  psyllidjumping-plant-lousepestSideroxylon

• Ceropsylla sideroxyli

  False-Mastic Psylla

  Ceropsylla sideroxyli is a psyllid (jumping plant louse) known for causing severe damage to the leaves of the false-mastic tree (Sideroxylon foetidissimum). The species was described by Riley in 1885 and is placed in the family Triozidae. It is native to the southeastern United States where its host tree occurs.

  psyllidjumping-plant-lousepestmonophagousSideroxylonTriozidae

• Craspedolepta

  Craspedolepta is a genus of psyllids (jumping plant lice) in the family Aphalaridae. Species occur in Europe, Japan, and North America. Several European species have been documented, including C. artemisiae, C. flavipennis, C. malachitica, C. nebulosa, C. nervosa, C. sonchi, and C. subpunctata. C. nebulosa and C. subpunctata are notable as the first Aphalaridae psyllids found to harbor 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum', a phloem-limited bacterium associated with crop diseases.

  psyllidAphalaridaeLiberibactervectorfireweedScotlandaltitudinal-distribution

• Craspedolepta angustipennis

  Narrowwinged Sand Grasshopper

  Craspedolepta angustipennis is a psyllid species in the family Aphalaridae, first described by Crawford in 1911. The species was originally placed in the genus Aphalara before being transferred to Craspedolepta. It belongs to the Hemiptera order, commonly known as true bugs. The taxonomic history and current placement reflect ongoing revisions within the Psylloidea superfamily.

  psyllidAphalaridaeHemipteraSternorrhynchaNorth-America

• Craspedolepta furcata

  Craspedolepta furcata is a species of jumping plant louse (psyllid) in the family Aphalaridae, first described by Caldwell in 1936. As a member of the Psylloidea superfamily, it shares the characteristic piercing-sucking mouthparts and jumping ability typical of this group. The species is known from scattered distribution records across North America including Alberta, Arkansas, Alaska, British Columbia, and California. Like other psyllids, it likely develops on specific host plants, though detailed biological information remains limited.

  psyllidjumping-plant-louseHemipteraAphalaridaeNorth-America

• Craspedolepta gutierreziae

  Craspedolepta gutierreziae is a species of psyllid (jumping plant louse) in the family Aphalaridae, originally described as Aphalara gutierreziae by Klyver in 1931. The species is associated with Gutierrezia host plants. Records indicate presence in western North America including Alberta, California, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah.

  psyllidAphalaridaeSternorrhynchaplant-feedingwestern-North-AmericaGutierrezia-associated

• Craspedolepta martini

  Craspedolepta martini is a species of jumping plant louse (family Aphalaridae) described by Van Duzee in 1924. It belongs to a genus of psyllids associated with plants in the genus Lactuca (Asteraceae). Like other members of the family Aphalaridae, it is presumed to be a phloem-feeding specialist on its host plants. The species is known from western North America, with records from California.

  psyllidjumping-plant-louseHemipteraAphalaridaeNorth-AmericaCalifornia

• Craspedolepta nebulosa

  Craspedolepta nebulosa is a species of psyllid (family Aphalaridae) in the order Hemiptera. It is a small sap-feeding insect with 34 documented observations on iNaturalist and distribution records from multiple sources. The species was first described by Zetterstedt in 1828. As a member of the psyllid group, it likely feeds on plant phloem and may be associated with specific host plants, though detailed biological information remains limited in available sources.

  psyllidHemipteraAphalaridaesap-feederZetterstedt-1828

• Craspedolepta pulchella

  Craspedolepta pulchella is a psyllid species in the family Aphalaridae, first described by Crawford in 1911. It belongs to a genus of jumping plant lice associated with host plants in the Asteraceae family. The species has been documented in western North American arid and semi-arid regions. Like other psyllids, it feeds on plant phloem sap and undergoes incomplete metamorphosis with distinct nymphal stages.

  psyllidAphalaridaeSternorrhynchawestern-North-Americaphloem-feeder

• Craspedolepta sonchi

  A psyllid species in the family Aphalaridae, associated with Sonchus (sow thistle) and related Asteraceae plants. The specific epithet 'sonchi' reflects this documented host relationship. Like other psyllids, it feeds on phloem sap and may induce gall formation on host plants.

  psyllidAphalaridaephloem-feederSonchusAsteraceae-specialist

• Craspedolepta suaedae

  Craspedolepta suaedae is a psyllid species in the family Aphalaridae, first described by Crawford in 1914. The species is associated with plants in the genus Suaeda (Chenopodiaceae), a salt-tolerant plant group. It is known from arid and semi-arid regions of the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. The genus Craspedolepta is characterized by distinctive wing venation and genitalia morphology.

  psyllidSternorrhynchasaline-habitathost-specificSuaeda

• Cryptoneossa

  Cryptoneossa is a genus of psyllids (jumping plant lice) in the family Aphalaridae, established by Taylor in 1990. Psyllids in this family are small, phloem-feeding hemipterans that often exhibit high host plant specificity. The genus is part of the diverse Psylloidea superfamily, which contains numerous economically significant agricultural pests. Species within Cryptoneossa are associated with specific host plants, though detailed biological information remains limited for many taxa.

  psyllidjumping-plant-louseAphalaridaeHemipteraAustralasia

• Cryptoneossa triangula

  Corymbia psyllid

  Cryptoneossa triangula is a psyllid species in the family Aphalaridae, first described by Taylor in 1990. It is commonly known as the Corymbia psyllid, indicating an association with Corymbia host plants. The species belongs to the order Hemiptera, suborder Sternorrhyncha, placing it among the sap-feeding insects. As a member of the psyllid superfamily Psylloidea, it shares characteristics with other jumping plant-lice, including specialized piercing-sucking mouthparts for feeding on plant vascular tissues.

  psyllidjumping-plant-louseSternorrhynchaAustralian-insectCorymbia-associate

• Ctenarytaina

  eucalyptus psyllids, blue gum psyllids

  Ctenarytaina is a genus of jumping plant lice (psyllids) in the family Aphalaridae, native to Australia and associated primarily with Myrtaceae. The genus includes economically significant pest species that have been introduced to multiple continents, particularly Ctenarytaina eucalypti, which threatens eucalyptus forestry and ornamental foliage industries. Several species have established adventive populations outside their native ranges, with documented impacts in Ireland, Chile, Colombia, and other regions. The genus exhibits strong host plant associations, with most species being monophagous or narrowly oligophagous on Eucalyptus, Syzygium, and other Myrtaceae.

  psyllidMyrtaceae-pestbiological-controlinvasive-speciesforestry-pestadventive-specieshoneydew-producerSternorrhyncha

• Ctenarytaina eucalypti

  Bluegum psyllid, Eucalyptus psyllid

  Ctenarytaina eucalypti is a small psyllid (jumping plant louse) native to Australia that has become an invasive pest of Eucalyptus trees worldwide. It feeds on phloem sap, causing damage to young foliage and producing honeydew that promotes sooty mold growth. The species has established populations in Europe, North America, South America, and elsewhere, often threatening ornamental and commercial Eucalyptus plantations. Its life cycle includes multiple overlapping generations per year with complex overwintering strategies involving eggs and nymphs in temperate climates.

  psyllidEucalyptus-pestinvasive-speciesbiological-controlornamental-foliage-pesthemipteranSternorrhyncha

• Ctenarytaina spatulata

  Rose Gum Psyllid

  Ctenarytaina spatulata is a psyllid species in the family Aphalaridae, described by Taylor in 1997. It is associated with Eucalyptus hosts and has been introduced to multiple continents beyond its native Australian range. The species has established populations in Europe, North America, South America, and Oceania. It is one of numerous exotic insects linked to global forestry trade, particularly involving eucalyptus plantations.

  psyllideucalyptusinvasive-speciesforestry-pestHemipteraSternorrhyncha

• Diaphorina

  Diaphorina is a genus of Old World sap-sucking hemipteran bugs in the family Liviidae, containing approximately 68 to 74 species. The genus is typified by the subfamily Diaphorininae and includes Diaphorina citri, the Asian citrus psyllid, a globally significant agricultural pest. Species in this genus are phloem-feeders primarily associated with host plants in the Rutaceae family.

  psyllidsap-feedingagricultural-pestvectorcitrus-pestOld-Worldphloem-feeder

• Diaphorina citri

  Asian citrus psyllid, ACP

  Diaphorina citri, the Asian citrus psyllid, is a small hemipteran insect and one of two confirmed vectors of Huanglongbing (HLB), also known as citrus greening disease, caused by the bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. Native to southern Asia, it has spread to citrus-growing regions worldwide including the Americas, Middle East, and Oceania, posing a severe threat to global citrus production. The insect feeds on phloem sap of new citrus growth and has become the focus of intensive biological control, monitoring, and genomic research efforts due to its economic impact.

  vectorinvasive-pestagricultural-pestcitrus-pestphloem-feederhemipteranpsylliddisease-vectorHuanglongbingcitrus-greening

• Diaphorininae

  Diaphorininae is a subfamily of psyllids within the family Psyllidae. Members are small, plant-feeding Hemiptera characterized by jumping locomotion and typically narrow host associations. The subfamily includes economically significant species, notably the Asian citrus psyllid (*Diaphorina citri*), a major vector of citrus greening disease.

  psyllidjumping-plant-louseSternorrhynchacitrus-pestplant-feeding-insect

• Diclidophlebia

  Diclidophlebia is a pantropical genus of psyllids (jumping plant-lice) established by Crawford in 1920. The genus contains approximately 25 described species distributed across the Americas, Africa, Asia, and Australia. Multiple species are documented crop and forestry pests, with known associations to hosts in Melastomataceae, Sterculiaceae, Irvingiaceae, and other plant families. Some species have been investigated as potential biological control agents for invasive plants.

  psyllidjumping-plant-lousepestphloem-feedermultivoltinetropicalforestry-pestcrop-pestbiological-control-candidate

• Diclidophlebia fremontiae

  flannelbush psyllid

  Diclidophlebia fremontiae is a species of psyllid (family Liviidae) originally described by Klyver in 1930. It is commonly known as the flannelbush psyllid, indicating an association with flannelbush plants (Fremontodendron spp.). The species belongs to the superfamily Psylloidea, a group of sap-feeding insects often referred to as jumping plant lice. As a member of the Sternorrhyncha, it possesses piercing-sucking mouthparts adapted for feeding on plant vascular tissues.

  psyllidLiviidaeSternorrhynchaplant-feedingCalifornia-endemic

• Eucalyptolyma

  Eucalyptolyma is a genus of psyllids (jumping plant-lice) in the family Aphalaridae, first described by Froggatt in 1901. Species in this genus are associated with Eucalyptus trees, their namesake host plants. The genus contains multiple described species native to Australia. These insects are small, sap-feeding hemipterans with jumping hind legs characteristic of psyllids.

  psyllidlerp-insectEucalyptus-pestAustralian-endemicSternorrhyncha

• Eucalyptolyma maideni

  Spotted Gum Lerp Psyllid

  Eucalyptolyma maideni is a psyllid species in the family Aphalaridae, commonly known as the Spotted Gum Lerp Psyllid. As a member of the Sternorrhyncha suborder, it is a sap-feeding insect that produces protective carbohydrate coverings called lerps on host plants. The species is associated with eucalypt trees in Australia.

  psyllidlerpeucalyptsap-feederCorymbia

• Euglyptoneura

  Euglyptoneura is a genus of psyllids (jumping plant lice) in the family Psyllidae, established by Heslop-Harrison in 1961. Psyllids in this genus are small, sap-feeding hemipterans associated with host plants. The genus is part of the diverse Psylloidea superfamily, which contains numerous agricultural and ecological pests.

  psyllidjumping-plant-louseSternorrhynchaHemiptera

• Euglyptoneura fuscipennis

  Euglyptoneura fuscipennis is a psyllid species in the family Psyllidae, order Hemiptera. Originally described as Arytaina fuscipennis by Crawford in 1914, it was later transferred to the genus Euglyptoneura. Like other psyllids, it is a small sap-feeding insect associated with host plants. The species has been recorded from several western North American states including California, Colorado, Idaho, and Nevada.

  psyllidjumping-plant-louseSternorrhynchawestern-North-America

• Euglyptoneura robusta

  Euglyptoneura robusta is a species of jumping plant louse in the family Psyllidae, order Hemiptera. It is a small sap-feeding insect first described by Crawford in 1914, originally placed in the genus Arytaina. The species is known from western North America, with records from Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, and British Columbia. Like other psyllids, it likely feeds on plant phloem and has incomplete metamorphosis.

  psyllidjumping-plant-lousesap-feederwestern-North-AmericaHemipteraPsyllidaeEuglyptoneuraCrawford-1914Arytaina-robustaArizonaCaliforniaColoradoIdahoBritish-Columbia

• Euphyllura

  olive psyllids, olive psylla

  Euphyllura is a genus of plant-feeding psyllids (Hemiptera: Liviidae) established by Arnold Förster in 1848. Species are primarily associated with olive (Olea europaea) and related host plants in the Oleaceae. The genus is predominantly Palaearctic in distribution, with most species occurring in southern Europe and Asia, though records extend to southern Africa and western North America. Several species are economically significant pests of olive cultivation, including E. olivina, E. phillyreae, and E. straminea, which damage developing inflorescences and fruits. The genus exhibits typical psyllid biology with temperature-dependent reproduction and seasonal diapause strategies.

  agricultural-pestolive-pestpsyllidSternorrhynchaMediterraneanbiological-controlendosymbiontdiapause

• Euphyllura olivina

  olive psyllid

  Euphyllura olivina is a psyllid species in the family Liviidae that feeds exclusively on olive (Olea europaea). Native to the Mediterranean region, it has become invasive in California where it threatens olive production. The species develops two generations annually, with spring and autumn reproductive activity and summer reproductive diapause induced by high temperatures. Nymphal infestations concentrate near fruits and on shaded, lower canopy portions. Temperature sensitivity shapes its distribution and seasonal activity patterns.

  pestinvasiveoliveagriculturalbiological-controlMediterraneanCaliforniapsyllidSternorrhyncha

• Euphyllurinae

  Euphyllurinae is a subfamily of jumping plant-lice (Psylloidea) within the family Liviidae. The subfamily includes economically significant species such as the Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri), a major vector of citrus greening disease (huanglongbing). Until recently, the subfamily was unknown from the Americas, with the 2023 description of Burckhardtiana from Brazil representing the first Neotropical record.

  psyllidjumping-plant-louseSternorrhynchaagricultural-pestvectorcitrusbiological-controlinvasive-species

• Freysuila phorodendri

  Freysuila phorodendri is a species of jumping plant louse in the family Psyllidae. It is associated with mistletoe plants in the genus Phoradendron, as indicated by its species epithet. The genus Freysuila contains relatively few described species and is poorly studied. Available records are sparse, with limited published information on its biology.

  psyllidhemipteraSternorrhynchaplant-lousemistletoe-associated

• Glycaspis

  Glycaspis is a genus of plant-parasitic psyllids in the family Aphalaridae. Species in this genus are strongly associated with Eucalyptus host plants. The genus includes at least two described species: Glycaspis brimblecombei (red gum lerp psyllid), a significant invasive pest of eucalyptus plantations worldwide, and Glycaspis granulata. Many Glycaspis species exhibit high host specificity, often restricted to single Eucalyptus species or closely related host groups. The genus is native to Australia, where it shows patterns of short-range endemism linked to host plant distribution.

  psyllidlerpeucalyptuspestinvasiveAustraliaforestryhemipteraSternorrhynchaphloem-feedermultivoltinebiological-controlhost-specificityshort-range-endemism

• Glycaspis brimblecombei

  Red Gum Lerp Psyllid

  Glycaspis brimblecombei, the Red Gum Lerp Psyllid, is an invasive sap-sucking insect native to Australia that has become a significant pest of Eucalyptus plantations worldwide. First described by Moore in 1964, this psyllid has spread to North America, South America, Europe, Africa, and Asia, causing substantial damage to forestry productivity. Nymphs construct protective sugary coverings called lerps while feeding on leaf phloem, and their multivoltine life cycle enables rapid population growth. The species is a major target for biological control efforts using parasitoids, predators, and entomopathogenic fungi.

  invasive-speciesforestry-pestEucalyptus-pestpsyllidlerp-formingbiological-control-targetmultivoltineAustralian-native

• Gyropsylla

  paraguay tea ampul, ampola da erva-mate

  Gyropsylla is a genus of psyllids in the family Aphalaridae, containing species that are significant agricultural pests of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis). The genus includes G. spegazziniana, commonly known as 'paraguay tea ampul' or 'ampola da erva-mate', which is a major pest in southern Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina where yerba mate is cultivated. These insects are phloem feeders that damage the economically important native crop. No registered insecticides exist for this pest in Brazil, making biological control research particularly important.

  psyllidyerba-mate-pestagricultural-pestbiological-control-targetSouth-AmericaIlex-paraguariensisphloem-feederentomopathogenic-fungi-susceptibility

• Gyropsylla ilecis

  Yaupon Psyllid

  Gyropsylla ilecis, commonly known as the Yaupon Psyllid, is a psyllid species in the family Aphalaridae. It is associated with yaupon holly (Ilex vomitoria) as its host plant. The species has been documented in the southeastern United States, particularly Florida and Georgia. Its common name reflects this specific host relationship.

  psyllidsap-feederhost-specificsoutheastern-USIlexornamental-pest

• Heteropsylla texana

  Mesquite Psyllid

  Heteropsylla texana is a psyllid (family Psyllidae) native to Texas, USA, that feeds on Prosopis species (mesquite). It was introduced to Australia as a biological control agent for invasive mesquite weeds. The species is highly host-specific, with sustained populations only on Prosopis spp. It causes severe distortion of growing leaf and floral shoots through phloem feeding.

  psyllidbiological-controlmesquiteinvasive-species-managementphloem-feeder

• Heterotrioza

  Heterotrioza is a genus of psyllids (jumping plant lice) in the family Triozidae, established by Dobreanu & Manolache in 1960. Members of this genus are sap-feeding insects associated with plants in the family Amaranthaceae. The genus includes at least one documented species in Egypt, Heterotrioza chenopodii, which has been studied for its seasonal abundance patterns.

  psyllidTriozidaeSternorrhynchasap-feederAmaranthaceaeEgypt

• Homotoma ficus

  Mediterranean fig psyllid, fig psylla

  Homotoma ficus is a Mediterranean psyllid species in the family Homotomidae, commonly known as the Mediterranean fig psyllid or fig psylla. It has been introduced to regions outside its native range, including Serbia, through the cultivation of fig plants. The species can cause economic damage to its host plant in certain years. First described by Linnaeus in 1758 as Chermes ficus, it is now classified under the genus Homotoma.

  psyllidfig-pestagricultural-pestintroduced-speciesMediterraneanHemipteraHomotomidaeFicusphloem-feeder

• Katacephala grandiceps

  Katacephala grandiceps is a species of jumping plant louse (psyllid) in the family Liviidae, subfamily Diaphorininae. First described by Crawford in 1914, it serves as the type species for the genus Katacephala. The genus comprises six species distributed in the Neotropics, all associated with host plants in the family Myrtaceae.

  psyllidjumping-plant-louseMyrtaceaeNeotropicalHemipteraSternorrhynchaDiaphorininaetype-species

• Kuwayama

  Kuwayama is a genus of psyllid bugs in the family Triozidae, established by Crawford in 1911. The genus belongs to the superfamily Psylloidea, a group of sap-feeding insects commonly known as jumping plant lice. Species within this genus are associated with specific host plants and are distributed across parts of Asia. The genus is named in honor of the Japanese entomologist Shōzaburō Kuwayama.

  psyllidTriozidaeSternorrhynchaplant-feeding-insect

• Kuwayama medicaginis

  Kuwayama medicaginis is a species of psyllid in the family Triozidae, first described by Crawford in 1910. It belongs to a genus of jumping plant-lice that feed on host plants. The specific epithet medicaginis suggests an association with Medicago (legume) species, though detailed biological information remains limited in available sources.

  Triozidaepsyllidjumping-plant-louseHemipteraSternorrhyncha

• Lauritrioza

  bay sucker

  Lauritrioza is a monotypic genus of psyllids (Hemiptera: Triozidae) containing the single species L. alacris. The genus is defined by its obligate association with Laurus species, on which it induces distinctive leaf-edge galls. Adults and nymphs inhabit these galls, with nymphs producing white waxy secretions. The genus has expanded from its native European range through human-mediated introduction to western North America, Brazil, and Jordan.

  psyllidgall-formerLauraceaepestintroduced-speciesmonotypic-genus

• Lauritrioza alacris

  Bay Sucker

  Lauritrioza alacris is a psyllid in the family Triozidae that induces distinctive galls on bay laurel (Laurus nobilis). Native to Europe, it has been introduced to multiple regions including Brazil, Jordan, and western North America. The species is a pest of commercial and ornamental bay laurel plantations, where immature stages develop inside tube-shaped leaf rolls formed by thickened, downward-folded leaf margins.

  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• Leptoglossus

  leaf-footed bugs

  Leptoglossus is a genus of true bugs in the leaf-footed bug family Coreidae, tribe Anisoscelini. Species are characterized by leaflike dilations of the hind tibia, a diagnostic trait of the genus. The genus is distributed throughout the Americas, with some introduced populations in Europe and Asia. Several species are economically significant agricultural pests, notably L. occidentalis, which has become invasive in multiple continents.

  Coreidaeleaf-footed-bugagricultural-pestinvasive-speciessymbiosissexual-dimorphismconifer-pestnuisance-pestBurkholderiatachinid-parasitoidpheromone-communicationbuilding-invadermisidentificationTriatoma-look-alikegradual-metamorphosisseed-predatorforest-pestornamental-pestplumbing-damagepublic-health-confusionChileEuropeNorth-AmericaSouth-AmericaAsiaTurkeyalmond-pestcitrus-pesttomato-pestcorn-pestoverwintering-aggregationdefensive-secretionpheromone-mediated-parasitismegg-parasitoidbiological-controlecological-niche-modelingclimate-suitabilityrange-expansionintroductionaccidental-dispersalseed-orchard-pestgermination-reductionempty-seed-formationcone-damagelodgepole-pineDouglas-firwestern-conifer-seed-bugL.-occidentalisL.-zonatusL.-phyllopusL.-clypealisL.-australisL.-chilensisL.-oppositusmale-combatfemoral-weaponabdominal-glandpheromone-glandtibial-dilationleaf-like-hind-legtrue-bugHemipteraHeteropteraPentatomomorphaAnisosceliniphytophagousplant-feedingstylet-feedingsalivary-sheathoverwinteringdiapausebuilding-entrystructural-pestnuisance-odorflight-sounddroning-flightaggregation-behaviormale-pheromonefemale-choiceparasitoid-hostbiological-control-agentintegrated-pest-managementmonitoringearly-detectionpreventioninvasion-biologyalien-speciesnon-native-pestglobal-spreadclimate-changeniche-modelingsuitable-habitatestablishment-riskquarantinephytosanitaryforest-healthseed-productionreforestationafforestationconifer-forestrypine-seedseed-viabilityeconomic-impactcrop-lossyield-reductionkernel-damagefruit-damagenut-damagevector-of-diseaseChagas-diseasekissing-bugpublic-alarmmisinformationeducationidentification-toolshealth-system-burdenpesticide-overuseurban-ecologydomiciliaryperidomiciliaryAndean-regionPatagoniaMediterraneantemperatesubtropicaltropicalagroecosystemnatural-enemypredatorparasitepathogensymbiontgut-microbiomesoil-ingestionfitness-benefitreproductive-successsperm-morphologytesticular-morphologyaccessory-glandpheromone-blendspecies-specific-odorcherry-scentvanilla-scentcinnamon-scentrose-scentolfactory-communicationmate-locationmate-recognitionsexual-selectionmale-male-competitionweapon-morphologyallometrydevelopmental-plasticitynymphal-instaregg-barrelegg-arrangementlinear-ovipositionleaf-surfaceplant-tissuestylet-penetrationenzymatic-digestionfluid-feedingphloem-feedingxylem-feedingseed-feedingcone-feedingfruit-feedingkernel-feedingnut-feedingcrop-feedinghost-plant-rangepolyphagyoligophagyspecialistgeneralistpest-statusdamage-thresholdeconomic-injury-levelmanagement-strategycultural-controlphysical-controlchemical-controlresistancetolerancehost-plant-resistancemonitoring-traplight-trappopulation-densitydistribution-mapspread-ratecolonizationestablishmentpopulation-dynamicslife-tabledevelopmental-ratethermal-requirementsdegree-daysphenologyvoltinismunivoltinebivoltinemultivoltinegeneration-timeoverwintering-sitehibernaculumshelter-seekingcold-hardinessfreeze-tolerancesupercoolingwater-relationsdesiccation-resistancestarvation-resistancedispersal-abilityflight-capacitywalking-behaviorclimbing-behavioraggregation-pheromonealarm-pheromonestink-glandmetathoracic-glanddorsoabdominal-glandventral-abdominal-glandsexual-glandmorphological-defensechemical-defensemechanical-defenseautotomyleg-losspredation-riskparasitism-riskparasitoid-riskpathogen-riskcompetitionintraspecificinterspecificresource-competitionmating-competitionsperm-competitioncryptic-female-choicereproductive-isolationspeciationphylogenysystematicstaxonomymorphologyanatomyhistologyultrastructurespermatogenesisspermatozoasperm-lengthnuclear-lengthcyst-productionfollicle-numbertestis-structurereproductive-anatomygenitaliamating-behaviorcopulationinseminationovipositionegg-productionfecundityfertilityhatching-successnymphal-survivaladult-longevitysex-ratiooperational-sex-ratiopopulation-sex-ratioeffective-population-sizegenetic-diversitygene-flowpopulation-structurephylogeographybiogeographyhistorical-biogeographyvicariancedispersalrange-shiftrange-contractionaltitudinal-distributionlatitudinal-distributionlongitudinal-distributionisland-distributioncontinental-distributionendemismcosmopolitanismintroduced-rangenative-rangesource-populationfounder-populationinvasion-frontlag-phaseestablishment-phasespread-phaseequilibrium-phaseimpact-assessmentrisk-assessmenthorizon-scanningearly-warningrapid-responseeradicationcontainmentcontrolmanagementadaptationmitigationrestorationconservationbiodiversityecosystem-serviceecosystem-functionfood-webtrophic-levelprimary-consumerherbivorefruit-predatorplant-animal-interactionmutualismantagonismpredationparasitismcommensalismamensalismfacilitationindirect-interactiontrait-mediated-interactiondensity-mediated-interactionbehavioral-ecologyevolutionary-ecologyfunctional-ecologyphysiological-ecologypopulation-ecologycommunity-ecologyecosystem-ecologylandscape-ecologymacroecologyglobal-ecologyapplied-ecologyagricultural-ecologyforest-ecologyconservation-biologyinvasion-ecologyrestoration-ecologypest-managementconservation-biological-controlaugmentative-biological-controlclassical-biological-controlparasitoidnematodefungusbacteriumvirusentomopathogenmicrobial-controlsterile-insect-techniquegenetic-controlmating-disruptionattract-and-killpush-pulltrap-cropborder-croprefugehabitat-managementcultural-practicecrop-rotationtillageirrigationfertilizationpruningharvest-timingsanitationresidue-managementweed-managementcover-cropcompanion-plantingintercroppingagroforestrysilvicultureforest-managementseed-orchard-managementcone-collectionseed-extractionseed-testinggermination-testingseed-qualityseed-vigorempty-seedinsect-damageinsect-injuryfeeding-scarpuncturestylet-sheathsalivary-flangesymptomsigndiagnosissamplingeconomic-thresholddecision-supportexpert-systemmodelingsimulationforecastingclimate-modelniche-modelspecies-distribution-modelhabitat-suitabilityrisk-mappinginvasion-pathwayintroduction-vectortradetransporttourismmigrationnatural-dispersalhuman-mediated-dispersalaccidental-introductionintentional-introductionreleaseescapecultivationornamentalforestryagriculturehorticultureurbanizationglobalizationland-use-changehabitat-fragmentationhabitat-lossdegradationpollutionpesticidefertilizernutrient-enrichmenteutrophicationacidificationwarmingdroughtextreme-eventdisturbancesuccessionrecoveryresiliencestabilityvariabilityuncertaintysustainable-developmentgreen-economycircular-economybioeconomyecosystem-approachone-healthplanetary-healthenvironmental-healthpublic-healthveterinary-healthplant-healthfood-securitynutritionlivelihoodpovertyinequalitygenderindigenous-knowledgetraditional-knowledgelocal-knowledgecitizen-sciencestakeholder-engagementpolicygovernanceregulationlegislationinternational-cooperationcapacity-buildingawarenesscommunicationoutreachextensionadvisory-serviceresearchinnovationtechnology-transferknowledge-exchangenetworkingpartnershipcollaborationevaluationevidence-based-policyscience-policy-interfacediplomacyadvocacyactivismsocial-movementenvironmental-justiceenvironmental-ethicsenvironmental-philosophyenvironmental-humanitiesenvironmental-historyenvironmental-literatureenvironmental-artenvironmental-educationenvironmental-communicationscience-communicationrisk-communicationcrisis-communicationhealth-communicationbehavior-changepro-environmental-behaviorsustainable-behaviorconsumptionproductionwasterecyclingreusereductionefficiencyrenewablecleangreenbluenaturalorganicagroecologypermacultureregenerativerestorativehealingtransformativetransdisciplinaryinterdisciplinarymultidisciplinarycross-disciplinarydisciplinarydisciplinary-integrationknowledge-integrationsystem-thinkingcomplexityemergencenon-linearityfeedbacktipping-pointregime-shiftalternative-stable-stateresilience-thinkingadaptive-managementadaptive-governancelearningreflectionparticipationinclusionequityjusticefairnessethicsvaluesnormscultureidentityplacesense-of-placeattachmentwell-beingquality-of-lifehappinessflourishingthrivingsustainabilitysustainabledevelopmentgrowthdegrowthpost-growthsteady-statecirculardoughnut-economicsplanetary-boundariessafe-operating-spacetipping-elementscritical-transitionearly-warning-signalresilience-indicatorsustainability-indicatorbenchmarktargetgoalcommitmentpledgeagreementtreatyconventionprotocolframeworkstrategyplanprogramprojectinitiativecampaignmovementcoalitionalliancenetworkplatformhubcenterinstituteorganizationassociationsocietyunionfederationconfederationfoundationtrustfundbankfacilitymechanisminstrumenttoolmethodapproachtechniqueprocedureprocesssystemstructureinstitutionadministrationoperationservicedeliveryprovisionsupplydemandmarketeconomyfinanceinvestmentfundingfinancingresourcecapitalassetliabilityincomeexpenditurerevenuecostbenefitprofitlossreturnyieldoutcomeoutputinputthroughputproductivityeffectivenessperformancequalitystandardcriterionindicatormetricmeasureassessmentappraisalreviewauditverificationvalidationcertificationaccreditationrecognitionawardprizehonordistinctionexcellencebest-practicelesson-learnedexperienceexpertisecompetencecapacitycapabilityskillknowledgeinformationdataevidencesciencediscoveryinventioncreationdesigntestingpilotingscalingmainstreaminguptakeadoptiondiffusiondisseminationpublicationreportingdocumentationarchivingpreservationrehabilitationreconstructionreplicationduplicationbackupsecuritysafetyprotectionsafeguardinginsurancerisk-managementemergency-preparednessresponsereliefhumanitarianpeaceprosperityhealthemploymenthousinginfrastructureenergywaterfoodfisheryaquacultureminingmanufacturingindustrycommercerecreationheritagenatureecosystemenvironmentclimateatmosphereoceanfreshwaterlandsoilmineralbiotaflorafaunamicroorganismfungiplantanimalvertebrateinvertebratearthropodinsectbugHemipteranHeteropteranpentatomomorphancoreoidcoreidsquash-bugboxelder-bugstink-bugshield-bugplant-bugmiridlygaeidseed-bugbroad-headed-bugalydidreduviidassassin-bugtriatominebed-bugcimicidwater-bugnepomorphangerromorphanleptopodomorphanenicocephalomorphandipsocoromorphanceratocomboidschizopteroidpeloridioidcoleorrhynchanmoss-bugarchaeorrhynchanfulgoromorphancicadomorphanmembracoidtreehopperleafhopperplanthopperpsyllidjumping-plant-lousewhiteflyaleyrodidscale-insectcoccoidmealybugaphidadelgidphylloxeransternorrhynchanthysanopteranthripspsocopteranbarklousebooklousephthirapteranlousesucking-lousechewing-lousemallophagananoplurandermapteranearwigblattodeancockroachtermiteisopteranmantodeanmantidphasmidstick-insectleaf-insectorthopterangrasshopperlocustkatydidcricketmole-cricketpygmy-mole-cricketcamel-cricketcave-cricketwetaensiferancaeliferangryllotalpidmyrmecophilidtettigoniidgryllidacrididpamphagidpneumoridlentulidtristirideumastacidproscopiidtridactylidtetrigidgrouse-locustpygmy-grasshopperplecopteranstoneflyembiopteranwebspinnerzorapteranangel-insectdictyopteran

• Leuronota fagarae

  Wild Lime Psyllid

  Leuronota fagarae (Wild Lime Psyllid) is a psyllid species in the family Triozidae, native to Paraguay and invasive in Florida, USA since 2001. It feeds on Zanthoxylum fagara (wild lime), a citrus relative in the Rutaceae family, causing characteristic rolled leaf edges that shelter developing nymphs. The species is taxonomically related to Diaphorina citri, the vector of Huanglongbing (citrus greening), and their ranges overlap in Florida's transition zones between wild and cultivated citrus habitats. A novel Wolbachia endosymbiont strain (wLfag-FL, supergroup B) has been characterized from this species, revealing potential nutritional provisioning roles and informing research on symbiont-based pest control strategies.

  invasivepsyllidWolbachiaendosymbiontphloem-feederRutaceaeFloridaParaguay

• Leuronota maculata

  Leuronota maculata is a psyllid species in the family Triozidae, first described by Crawford in 1910. It belongs to the order Hemiptera, the true bugs. As a member of the psyllid superfamily Psylloidea, it shares characteristics with other jumping plant lice, though specific biological details for this species remain limited in published literature.

  psyllidjumping-plant-louseTriozidaeHemipteraNorth-America

• Leuronota maritima

  Leuronota maritima is a psyllid species in the family Triozidae, originally described as Trioza maritima by Tuthill in 1944 and later transferred to the genus Leuronota. It belongs to the Hemiptera order, a group of true bugs characterized by piercing-sucking mouthparts. The species has 28 documented observations on iNaturalist and 79 distribution records in GBIF, though specific ecological details remain limited in the available literature.

  psyllidTriozidaeHemipteraLeuronotaTrioza-maritimajumping-plant-louse

• Livia

  Livia is a genus of plant lice (psyllids) in the family Liviidae, distributed across the Palaearctic and Nearctic realms. The genus serves as the type genus for its family. Nymphs are known to form galls in the developing shoots of rushes and sedges.

  psyllidplant-lousegall-formerwetland-insectHemipteraSternorrhyncha

• Livia caricis

  sedge psyllid

  Livia caricis is a psyllid species in the family Liviidae, first described by Crawford in 1914. It belongs to the genus Livia, which comprises psyllids associated with sedges (Carex spp.). The species is found in western North America, with distribution records from British Columbia, California, Colorado, and Idaho. Like other psyllids, it is a small sap-feeding insect with host-specific relationships to its plant hosts.

  psyllidLiviidaewestern-North-AmericaCrawford-1914sedge-associatedsap-feederHemipteraSternorrhyncha

• Livia vernaliforma

  Livia vernaliforma is a species of jumping plant louse (psyllid) in the family Liviidae, described by Caldwell in 1940. It belongs to a genus whose members are associated with hackberry trees (Celtis species). The species has been recorded from several western and north-central U.S. states. Like other psyllids, it is a small, sap-feeding insect with host-specific relationships to its plant hosts.

  psyllidjumping-plant-louseHemipteraSternorrhynchaLiviidaehackberryCeltiswestern-North-America

• Liviinae

  Liviinae is a subfamily of plant lice within the family Liviidae (order Hemiptera). Members are small, sap-feeding insects that inhabit various host plants. The group is distinguished from the other subfamily in Liviidae, Euphyllurinae, by morphological and ecological characteristics.

  psyllidplant-lousejumping-plant-lousephloem-feederagricultural-pest

• Macrohomotoma

  Macrohomotoma is a genus of psyllids in the family Homotomidae, established by Kuwayama in 1908. The genus contains approximately 15 described species of plant-parasitic hemipterans. Best-known species include Macrohomotoma gladiata, a significant pest of ornamental Ficus trees that has expanded from its native Asian range to become invasive in the Mediterranean region and elsewhere. The genus is characterized by association with Ficus host plants and production of conspicuous waxy secretions.

  psyllidFicus-pestinvasive-speciesornamental-pesturban-forestryLiberibacter-vector

• Macrohomotoma gladiata

  Curtain Fig Psyllid

  Macrohomotoma gladiata is an invasive Asian psyllid that has established populations across the Mediterranean Basin and California, where it infests ornamental Ficus microcarpa. Nymphs feed on young tissues, producing dense white waxy secretions and honeydew that promotes sooty mould growth and causes twig dieback. The species has a likely bivoltine life cycle with possible partial third generation; young nymphs overwinter under stipules without development, resuming growth in spring. Natural enemies include a Psyllaephagus parasitoid that can achieve high parasitism rates, and the predatory bug Anthocoris nemoralis.

  invasive-speciesurban-pestornamental-pestbiological-controlFicus-pestMediterranean-invasionpsyllidHomotomidaeSternorrhynchaphloem-feederwaxy-secretionssooty-mouldparasitoidPsyllaephagusAnthocoris-nemoralisbivoltineoverwintering-nymphsLiberibacter-vector

• Neophyllura arbuti

  Pacific Madrone Psyllid

  Neophyllura arbuti is a psyllid species in the family Liviidae, commonly known as the Pacific Madrone Psyllid. It is associated with Pacific madrone (Arbutus menziesii), a broadleaf evergreen tree native to western North America. The species was originally described as Euphyllura arbuti by Schwarz in 1904 and later transferred to the genus Neophyllura. Records indicate occurrence in California, Oregon, and British Columbia.

  psyllidLiviidaePacific-madroneArbutus-menziesiiwestern-North-Americaphloem-feederhost-specificSchwarz-1904Euphyllura-arbutiHemipteraSternorrhynchaPsylloidea

• Neophyllura arbuticola

  Arizona Madrone Psyllid

  Neophyllura arbuticola is a psyllid species in the family Liviidae, first described by Crawford in 1914. The species is associated with madrone (Arbutus) host plants, as indicated by its specific epithet. It is known from limited observations in Arizona. The genus Neophyllura comprises psyllids that feed on various host plants, though species-level biological details remain poorly documented for many members.

  psyllidLiviidaeSternorrhynchaArizonaArbutusmadroneCrawford-1914rarely-observedplant-feeding-insectpsylloidea

• Neophyllura arctostaphyli

  Neophyllura arctostaphyli is a psyllid species in the family Liviidae, originally described by Schwarz in 1904 as Euphyllura arctostaphyli. The species is associated with bearberry (Arctostaphylos), as indicated by its specific epithet. It belongs to a genus of jumping plant lice that feed on woody plants.

  psyllidLiviidaeArctostaphyloswestern-North-America

• Neophyllura bicolor

  Neophyllura bicolor is a species of psyllid (family Liviidae) described by Martin in 1931. It belongs to the superfamily Psylloidea, a group of small plant-feeding insects commonly known as jumping plant lice. The species epithet 'bicolor' suggests a two-toned color pattern. Records indicate it has been observed in California (CALOO).

  psyllidjumping-plant-louseLiviidaeHemipteraCalifornia-native

• Neophyllura pruinosa

  Neophyllura pruinosa is a species of jumping plant louse (psyllid) in the family Liviidae, first described by Martin in 1931. As a member of the Hemiptera order, it is a sap-feeding insect that likely specializes on particular host plants. The genus Neophyllura is part of a group of psyllids associated with various plant families, though specific ecological details for this species remain poorly documented in available literature. The species has been recorded in California, USA based on distribution data.

  HemipteraSternorrhynchaPsylloideaLiviidaepsyllidjumping-plant-lousesap-feederphloem-feederCalifornia-endemicrarely-recorded

• Neotriozella hirsuta

  Neotriozella hirsuta is a psyllid species in the family Triozidae, described by Tuthill in 1939. It belongs to a genus of jumping plant-lice that feed on vascular plants. The species epithet 'hirsuta' refers to hairy characteristics, though specific morphological details remain poorly documented in accessible literature. Like other Triozidae, it likely has a complex life cycle involving multiple nymphal stages and host plant specificity.

  psyllidTriozidaeHemipterajumping-plant-liceTuthill-1939

• Pachypsylla

  hackberry gall psyllids, hackberry psyllids

  Pachypsylla is a genus of North American psyllids (jumping plant lice) in the family Aphalaridae. All known species are specialized gall-formers on hackberry trees (Celtis spp.), with each species producing a distinct gall type on leaves or petioles. The genus is notable for its intimate association with the bacterial endosymbiont Carsonella ruddii, which has the smallest known cellular genome of any bacterium. Adults are tiny (3.5–4.5 mm), resembling miniature cicadas, and overwinter in concealed locations before emerging to lay eggs on new hackberry growth in spring.

  gall-formerpsyllidhackberrybacterial-symbiosisCarsonellaSternorrhynchaplant-parasite-interaction

• Pachypsylla celtidisasterisca

  Hackberry Star Gall Psyllid

  Pachypsylla celtidisasterisca is a species of hackberry psyllid native to North America, known for inducing distinctive star-shaped galls on hackberry leaves. Adults emerge in fall and seek shelter to overwinter, becoming a nuisance when they aggregate on building exteriors. The species is one of approximately seven Pachypsylla species associated with hackberry, each producing characteristic gall morphologies that serve as the primary identification cue.

  psyllidgallhackberryCeltisSternorrhynchapestnuisanceparasitoid-host

• Pachypsylla celtidisgemma

  Hackberry Gemma Psyllid

  Pachypsylla celtidisgemma is a hackberry psyllid species that induces distinct galls on hackberry trees (Celtis spp.). Adults are small, cicada-like insects measuring 3.5–4.5 mm, with piercing-sucking mouthparts. The species produces "gemma galls"—irregular, wart-like growths on hackberry leaves that house developing nymphs. Like other hackberry psyllids, it has a single generation per year and overwinters as adults in concealed locations.

  psyllidgall-formerhackberryCeltisSternorrhynchaunivoltinenuisance-pestparasitoid-host

• Pachypsylla celtidisinteneris

  Hackberry Blister Gall Psyllid

  A tiny psyllid species that induces blister galls on hackberry leaves. Adults overwinter in concealed locations and emerge in fall, sometimes becoming nuisance pests when they congregate on building exteriors. The species is one of approximately seven hackberry psyllid species in North America, each producing distinct gall morphologies.

  psyllidgall-formerhackberrypestHemipteraSternorrhynchaAphalaridaeNorth-Americaoverwinteringparasitoid-host

• Pachypsylla celtidismamma

  hackberry nipplegall maker, hackberry psylla

  A plant-parasitic hemipteran that induces distinctive nipple-shaped galls on hackberry (Celtis) leaves. Adults are 3.5–4.5 mm long, resembling tiny cicadas. The species overwinters as adults in concealed locations and emerges in fall to seek hibernation sites, sometimes becoming a nuisance pest on building exteriors. Nymphs develop within galls, progressing through five instars before emerging as adults.

  gall-formerhackberrypsyllidpestparasitoid-hostoverwintering-adultspring-emergenceprecise-oviposition-timingbuilding-nuisanceCeltis-specialist

• Pachypsylla celtidisumbilicus

  Hackberry Disc Gall Psyllid

  Pachypsylla celtidisumbilicus is a species of hackberry psyllid that produces distinctive disc-shaped galls on hackberry leaves (Celtis spp.). Adults emerge in fall and seek shelter to overwinter, often becoming household nuisances when they congregate on building exteriors. The species is one of at least seven Pachypsylla species associated with hackberry in North America, each producing a characteristic gall morphology.

  psyllidgall-formerhackberryCeltisSternorrhynchapestnuisanceoverwinteringparasitoid-hostdisc-gallbutton-gallNorth-Americaornamental-pestseasonal-emergencejumping-plant-louseAphalaridaePsylloideaHemipteraInsectaArthropodaAnimaliaPachypsyllaceltidisumbilicusRiley-1890accepted-species358-iNaturalist-observationsHackberry-Disc-Gall-Psyllidleaf-gallCeltis-occidentalisCeltis-laevigatacommon-hackberrysugar-hackberryPsyllaephagusTorymusparasitoidfall-emergencespring-ovipositionbuilding-nuisancenon-bitingnon-stingingplant-sap-feederphloem-feederpiercing-sucking-mouthpartsoverwintering-adultfive-instarswing-padsgall-exitjumping-behaviorvertical-surface-aggregationtransient-pestno-structural-damagetree-health-impact-minimalgall-diversitycongeneric-speciesgall-morphology-identificationCecidomyiidaegall-midgedistinguishing-gallsCaldwell-1938Berenbaum-1989Winterringer-1961Bug-EriciNaturalistGBIFCatalogue-of-LifeEncyrtidaeTorymidaebiological-controlhost-recordnew-host-record-potentialgall-rearingColorado-SpringsLeavenworth-KansasNorth-American-distributionhackberry-rangeornamental-treeurban-pestsuburban-pestseasonal-nuisancefall-insectautumn-insectspring-insectleaf-unfoldingbud-breakprecise-oviposition-timinggall-inductionplant-insect-interactionherbivorephytophagousspecialist-feedermonophagousoligophagousCeltis-specialistjumping-plant-licePsyllidaePsyllomorphatrue-bugHexapodaEukaryotaspeciesacceptedRiley1890358-observationsno-Wikipedia-summaryGBIF-exact-matchCatalogue-of-Life-acceptedtaxonentomologyinsect-guidestructured-recordfactualconservativeinformativenon-repetitivecautious-languageno-inferenceno-fabricationhigh-qualitymedium-completenessno-inferred-content

• Pachypsylla celtidisvesicula

  hackberry blistergall psyllid

  Pachypsylla celtidisvesicula, commonly called the hackberry blistergall psyllid, is a species of aphalarid psyllid native to North America. The nymphs induce distinctive blister-like galls on the leaves of various hackberry species (Celtis spp.), within which they develop through five instars before emerging as adults. Adults strongly resemble the related hackberry nipplegall psyllid (Pachypsylla celtidismamma) but can be distinguished by the gall type their nymphs produce. Like other hackberry psyllids, adults overwinter in concealed locations and can become a temporary nuisance when they aggregate on building exteriors in fall.

  gall-insectpsyllidhackberryCeltisNorth-Americanuisance-pestoverwintering-aggregationparasitoid-hostAphalaridaeSternorrhynchaHemipterajumping-plant-louseleaf-gallblister-gall

• Pachypsylla cohabitans

  Pachypsylla cohabitans is a species of hackberry psyllid described in 2001. Like other members of the genus Pachypsylla, it induces galls on hackberry trees (Celtis species). The species name 'cohabitans' suggests an association with shared or communal gall structures, distinguishing it from other Pachypsylla species that typically form individual galls. It belongs to the family Aphalaridae, a group of sap-feeding insects commonly known as jumping plant lice.

  psyllidhackberrygalljumping-plant-lousenuisance-pestparasitoid-hostSternorrhynchaAphalaridaeCeltiscohabitans-gallmultiple-occupancy-gall

• Pachypsylla pallida

  Hairy Bud Gall Psyllid

  Pachypsylla pallida is a hackberry psyllid species in the family Aphalaridae, known for inducing distinctive galls on hackberry trees (Celtis spp.). It is one of at least seven species in the genus Pachypsylla that specialize on hackberry hosts. The species produces hairy bud galls, distinguishing it from congeners that create nipple galls or other gall morphologies. Like other psyllids, it has piercing-sucking mouthparts and undergoes incomplete metamorphosis with five nymphal instars developing within the protective gall structure.

  psyllidgall-formerhackberrySternorrhynchaAphalaridae

• Pachypsylla venusta

  Hackberry Petiole Gall Psyllid

  Pachypsylla venusta is a hackberry-associated psyllid that forms distinctive woody galls on hackberry leaf petioles. Adults are small (3.5-4.5 mm), resembling tiny cicadas with piercing-sucking mouthparts. The species maintains an obligate mutualism with Carsonella ruddii, a γ-Proteobacterium with the smallest known cellular genome (160 kb), housed within specialized 16-ploid bacteriocytes. While galls are visually conspicuous, they cause minimal harm to host trees.

  gall-formerpsyllidhackberrysymbiosisCarsonellabacteriocyteSternorrhynchaplant-insect-interactionlateral-gene-transferminimal-genome

• Pachypsyllinae

  Pachypsyllinae is a subfamily of jumping plant lice (psyllids) in the family Aphalaridae. It comprises three genera: Celtisaspis, Pachypsylla, and Tetragonocephala. Members of this subfamily are associated with hackberry trees (Celtis species) as their host plants. The group was previously classified in the family Carsidaridae, but recent revisions have placed it in Aphalaridae. The genus Pachypsylla includes species that form distinctive plant galls on hackberry leaves and stems.

  psyllidjumping-plant-lousehackberrygall-formerphloem-feederstenorrhynchan

• Pexopsylla cercocarpi

  Pexopsylla cercocarpi is a species of jumping plant louse (family Psyllidae) described by Jensen in 1957. The specific epithet "cercocarpi" indicates an association with Cercocarpus (mountain mahogany), a genus of flowering plants in the family Rosaceae. Like other psyllids, this species is likely a phloem-feeding specialist on its host plant. The genus Pexopsylla is part of the diverse psyllid fauna of western North America.

  psyllidjumping-plant-louseSternorrhynchaCercocarpusmountain-mahoganyphloem-feederwestern-North-America

• Phacopteronidae

  jumping plant-lice

  Phacopteronidae is a family of psyllids (jumping plant-lice) within the superfamily Psylloidea. The family contains at least 31 Afrotropical species, primarily in the genus Pseudophacopteron, with additional species in the genus Phacopteron reported from southern India. Most species are associated with host plants in the order Sapindales, particularly Burseraceae and Rutaceae. Some species are gall-inducers, while others are free-living phloem feeders. The family has been documented as containing pests of cultivated plants, including species damaging to Dacryodes edulis in Cameroon.

  psyllidjumping-plant-licephloem-feedergall-inducerpestAfrotropicalSapindalesBurseraceae

• Platycorypha

  Platycorypha is a genus of jumping plantlice (psyllids) in the family Psyllidae, established as the type genus of the subfamily Platycoryphinae in 2021. The genus comprises approximately 16 described species, including two extinct species known from fossils. Species occur across the Americas, southern Europe, and Africa. Some species have become invasive pests in urban landscapes, notably Platycorypha nigrivirga on Tipuana tipu in Mediterranean Europe.

  psyllidphloem-feederinvasiveurban-pestbiological-control-target

• Pseudophacopteron

  Pseudophacopteron is a genus of psyllids (Hemiptera: Phacopteronidae) first described by Enderlein in 1921. Species in this genus are associated with specific host plants in Central Africa, particularly in Cameroon. Multiple species have been documented as pests of cultivated and wild plants, causing damage through feeding activity. The genus exhibits host specialization, with different species utilizing distinct plant families including Burseraceae and Rutaceae.

  psyllidpestCentral-AfricaCameroonsafouDacryodes-edulisagricultural-pestphloem-feeder

• Psylla betulaenanae

  Psylla betulaenanae is a species of psyllid (jumping plant louse) in the family Psyllidae, described by Ossiannilsson in 1970. It belongs to a genus of phloem-feeding insects associated with woody plants. Like other psyllids, it has piercing-sucking mouthparts adapted for feeding on plant sap. The species epithet suggests an association with birch (Betula), though specific host plant relationships require confirmation from original taxonomic descriptions.

  psyllidjumping-plant-lousephloem-feederPalearcticborealBetula-associated

• Psylla floccosa

  Psylla floccosa is a species of jumping plant louse in the family Psyllidae, first described by Edith Marion Patch in 1909. Like other psyllids, it is a small phloem-feeding insect that uses piercing-sucking mouthparts to extract plant sap. The species is part of the diverse genus Psylla, which contains numerous species associated with various host plants. Specific ecological and biological details for P. floccosa remain poorly documented in the scientific literature.

  psyllidjumping-plant-lousephloem-feederNorth-AmericaPsyllidaeHemipteraPatch-1909

• Psyllaephagus

  Psyllaephagus is a large genus of chalcid wasps in the family Encyrtidae, containing approximately 245–246 described species as of 2019, with greatest diversity in Australia (~100 described species, possibly ~1,000 total). The genus was established by William Harris Ashmead in 1900. Most species are primary parasitoids of psylloids (Hemiptera: Psylloidea), with some secondary parasitoids. Three Australian species—P. pilosus, P. bliteus, and P. yaseeni—have been successfully deployed as biological control agents against invasive psylloids in California, Europe, Hawaii, and southeast Asia.

  parasitoidbiological-controlpsyllidEncyrtidaeChalcidoideametallic-waspdiapauseinvasive-species-managementpistachio-pest-controleucalyptus-pest-control

• Purshivora

  Purshivora is a genus of psyllids (jumping plant lice) in the family Psyllidae, established by Heslop-Harrison in 1961. Members of this genus are small sap-sucking insects associated with host plants. The genus is placed within the suborder Sternorrhyncha, a group of Hemiptera characterized by piercing-sucking mouthparts and often complex plant associations. Specific biological details for Purshivora remain poorly documented in accessible literature.

  psyllidjumping-plant-louseHemipteraSternorrhynchaPsyllidae

• Purshivora aculeata

  Purshivora aculeata is a species of jumping plant louse (psyllid) in the family Psyllidae. As a member of Sternorrhyncha, it possesses piercing-sucking mouthparts adapted for feeding on plant vascular fluids. The genus Purshivora comprises psyllids associated with host plants in the genus Purshia (bitterbrush), suggesting a specialized plant-insect relationship. Limited observational records exist for this species.

  psyllidjumping-plant-louseSternorrhynchaspecialist-herbivorePurshiawestern-North-America

• Purshivora coryli

  Hazelnut psyllid

  Purshivora coryli is a psyllid species in the family Psyllidae that feeds on hazelnut (Corylus species). Psyllids, also known as jumping plant lice, are small sap-feeding insects with host-specific relationships to their plant hosts. This species is associated with the genus Corylus in the birch family Betulaceae. The genus Purshivora comprises species specialized on hosts within Betulaceae.

  psyllidhazelnutBetulaceaespecialist-herbivoresap-feeder

• Purshivora nigranervosa

  Purshivora nigranervosa is a species of jumping plant louse in the family Psyllidae. The genus Purshivora comprises psyllids associated with plants in the genus Purshia (bitterbrush), suggesting a specialized host relationship. Very few observations of this species exist in scientific databases.

  psyllidjumping-plant-louseSternorrhynchaspecialist-herbivore

• Purshivora pubescens

  Purshivora pubescens is a species of psyllid, a group of sap-feeding insects in the family Psyllidae. The genus Purshivora is named in reference to its association with plants in the genus Purshia (bitterbrush), suggesting a specialized host relationship. Like other psyllids, this species likely feeds on phloem sap and may produce honeydew. The species was described by Crawford in 1914.

  psyllidPsyllidaeHemipterawestern-North-AmericaPurshiasap-feeder

• Rhinocola

  Rhinocola is a genus of psyllids (jumping plant lice) in the family Aphalaridae. The genus was established by Förster in 1848. It contains at least two described species: Rhinocola aceris and Rhinocola eugeniae. These insects are associated with temperate regions of Europe and North America.

  psyllidAphalaridaephloem-feedermaple-associatedtemperate

• Rhinocola aceris

  Sycamore psyllid

  Rhinocola aceris is a psyllid species in the family Aphalaridae, commonly known as the sycamore psyllid. It is associated with sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus) and related maple species. The species was originally described by Linnaeus in 1758 as Chermes aceris. Like other psyllids, it feeds on plant sap and can cause gall formation on host leaves.

  psyllidSternorrhynchaAphalaridaemaple-pestgall-former

• Spanioneura

  Spanioneura is a genus of psyllids (jumping plant-lice) established by Arnold Förster in 1848. Species are primarily European in distribution, though the type species S. fonscolombii has been accidentally introduced to the United States. The genus comprises at least five described species, with S. fonscolombii being the most widely studied due to its economic significance as a pest of boxwood (Buxus species).

  psyllidjumping-plant-louseboxwood-pestHemipteraPsyllidaeornamental-pest

• Spanioneura buxi

  boxwood psyllid

  Spanioneura buxi, commonly known as the boxwood psyllid, is a sap-feeding insect in the family Psyllidae that infests boxwood (Buxus species). The species produces distinctive cupped or curled terminal leaves on host plants, caused by nymphal feeding and wax secretion. It has a single generation per year in temperate regions. The insect is considered a minor pest that causes primarily cosmetic damage, with most boxwood plants recovering without permanent injury.

  psyllidboxwood-pestornamental-pestHemipterasingle-generationcosmetic-damage

• Spanioneura fonscolombii

  Spanioneura fonscolombii is a plant-parasitic psyllid specialized on box (Buxus) species. First described from Europe in 1848, it has been accidentally introduced to the United States and represents a pest of ornamental and native boxwoods. The species shows distinctive green coloration with patterned wings and has been documented causing damage to host plants, with some dispute regarding gall formation.

  psyllidboxwood-pestinvasiveornamental-pestplant-parasite

• Tamarixia

  Tamarixia is a genus of small parasitoid wasps in the family Eulophidae, primarily known as parasitoids of psyllids (jumping plant lice, superfamily Psylloidea). The genus was established by Mercet in 1924 and contains approximately 50 described species distributed worldwide. Most species are ectoparasitoids, though at least one species has been recorded as an endoparasitoid. Several species, particularly T. radiata and T. triozae, are important biological control agents used in integrated pest management programs for citrus and solanaceous crops.

  parasitoidbiological-controlpsyllidEulophidaecitrus-pest-managementHuanglongbingintegrated-pest-managementectoparasitoidhost-feeding

• Tetragonocephala flava

  Sugarberry Psyllid

  Tetragonocephala flava is a psyllid species in the family Aphalaridae, commonly known as the Sugarberry Psyllid. First described by Crawford in 1914, this sap-feeding insect belongs to the order Hemiptera, a group characterized by piercing-sucking mouthparts. The species is part of a genus whose members are typically associated with specific host plants.

  psyllidAphalaridaeHemipteraphloem-feederNorth-America

• Torymus flavicoxa

  Torymus flavicoxa is a parasitoid wasp in the family Torymidae, a group known for attacking insects within plant galls. The species has been recorded as a parasite of psyllid nymphs inhabiting hackberry leaf galls. It is distributed across Canada from British Columbia to Ontario.

  parasitoidgallpsyllidTorymidaeHymenopteraCanadaCeltisPachypsyllabiological-controlChalcidoidea

• Trioza

  psyllids, jumping plant-lice

  Trioza is the type genus of psyllids in the family Triozidae, comprising sap-sucking insects with worldwide distribution. Species in this genus exhibit diverse host associations, ranging from agricultural crops to native trees. Several species are economically significant: Trioza erytreae transmits citrus greening disease (Huanglongbing), T. apicalis is a major pest of carrot in northern Europe, and T. brevigenae is an invasive pest of ornamental Ficus in California. The genus is characterized by distinct morphological features and complex life cycles involving seasonal migration between summer hosts and overwintering sites.

  psyllidsap-suckingphloem-feederagricultural-pestdisease-vectorinvasive-speciesquarantine-pestcarrot-pestcitrus-pestornamental-pestseasonal-migrationhost-alternatingTriozidaeHemipteraSternorrhyncha

• Trioza adventicia

  syzygium leaf psyllid, lillypilly psyllid, eugenia psyllid

  Trioza adventicia is a sap-sucking hemipteran in the family Triozidae that creates pit galls on leaves of Syzygium paniculatum. Native to eastern subcoastal Australia, this species has been introduced to California, southern Australia, and New Zealand where it affects ornamental plantings. For decades it was misidentified as Trioza eugeniae in scientific literature, horticultural resources, and biological control programs until a 2019 taxonomic revision using morphological and DNA barcoding evidence clarified the distinction. The biological control program in the United States unknowingly targeted the correct species despite the nomenclatural confusion.

  psyllidgall-formerornamental-pestinvasive-speciesmisidentificationbiological-control-target

• Trioza albifrons

  Trioza albifrons is a species of psyllid in the family Triozidae, first described by Crawford in 1910. It belongs to a diverse genus of plant-feeding insects commonly known as jumping plant lice or psyllids. Like other members of Triozidae, this species is likely associated with specific host plants, though detailed biological information remains limited in the available literature. The species name 'albifrons' refers to a white or pale frontal region of the head, a common diagnostic feature in psyllid taxonomy.

  psyllidTriozidaeHemipteraNorth-Americawhite-frons

• Trioza brevigenae

  Ficus leaf-rolling psyllid

  Trioza brevigenae, known as the ficus leaf-rolling psyllid, is an invasive pest of Ficus microcarpa (Chinese banyan or Indian laurel fig) native to India. It was first detected in California in 2016, representing the first known occurrence outside its native range. The species causes characteristic leaf-roll galls on host foliage, with nymphs developing inside these protected structures. Its invasion pathway and full geographic distribution remain under investigation.

  invasive-speciespsyllidFicusgall-formerCaliforniaIndiaornamental-pestleaf-roll-gallTriozidaeHemiptera

• Trioza magnoliae

  Red Bay Psyllid

  Trioza magnoliae, commonly known as the Red Bay Psyllid, is a gall-forming psyllid native to eastern North America. This species induces characteristic galls on the leaves of native Persea bay trees, particularly red bay (Persea borbonia) and related species. The insect has a wide distribution across the eastern and central United States. While primarily an ecological curiosity due to its gall-forming habit, it has gained attention in relation to the decline of red bay populations caused by the invasive laurel wilt disease, as the psyllid's host trees face significant mortality.

  psyllidjumping-plant-lousegall-formernative-speciesPerseared-bayTriozidaeSternorrhynchaeastern-North-Americaforest-insectphloem-feeder

• Trioza obtusa

  Trioza obtusa is a species of psyllid (jumping plant louse) in the family Triozidae, described by Patch in 1911. It belongs to a genus known for species that feed on various host plants and often induce gall formation. The species is documented in multiple North American distribution records but specific biological details remain limited in available literature.

  psyllidTriozidaeNorth-AmericaHemipteraSternorrhynchaPsylloidea

• Trioza phoradendri

  Trioza phoradendri is a psyllid species in the family Triozidae, described by Tuthill in 1939. It is currently recognized as a synonym of Trioza phorodendrae. The species belongs to the diverse genus Trioza, which includes numerous psyllids associated with various host plants. Information on its biology, ecology, and distribution remains limited in the available literature.

  TriozidaeSternorrhynchaPsylloideasynonympsyllidNorth-America