Liviinae
Liviinae is a of within the ( ). Members are small, sap-feeding that inhabit various plants. The group is distinguished from the other subfamily in Liviidae, Euphyllurinae, by morphological and ecological characteristics.
Pronunciation
How to pronounce Liviinae: /lɪˈviː.aɪ.neɪ/
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Identification
Liviinae can be distinguished from Euphyllurinae by patterns and associations. Members of Liviinae generally have more reduced wing venation and are associated with dicotyledonous host plants, whereas Euphyllurinae are primarily associated with , particularly palms. Specific identification to or species requires examination of and other minute morphological features.
Images
Habitat
Associated with the foliage and stems of dicotyledonous plants. Specific microhabitats vary by and host association.
Distribution
Global distribution corresponding to that of the , with occurring across temperate and tropical regions where suitable plants are present.
Diet
Phloem sap from plants. Specific host associations vary by .
Life Cycle
development with , , and stages. Nymphs are and feed on sap before molting to winged adults.
Ecological Role
Phloem feeders that may influence health through direct feeding damage. Some are of plant .
Human Relevance
Some are agricultural or horticultural pests. Certain members have been implicated in transmission of affecting .
Similar Taxa
- EuphyllurinaeThe other in ; distinguished by associations (primarily /palms) and characteristics.
- PsyllidaeAnother in ; distinguished by different , body shape, and associations.
More Details
Taxonomic note
The was re-established following molecular and morphological studies that separated it from the historically broader family . Liviinae represents one of two within this redefined family.