Invasion-front

Guides

• Leptoglossus

  leaf-footed bugs

  Leptoglossus is a genus of true bugs in the leaf-footed bug family Coreidae, tribe Anisoscelini. Species are characterized by leaflike dilations of the hind tibia, a diagnostic trait of the genus. The genus is distributed throughout the Americas, with some introduced populations in Europe and Asia. Several species are economically significant agricultural pests, notably L. occidentalis, which has become invasive in multiple continents.

  Coreidaeleaf-footed-bugagricultural-pestinvasive-speciessymbiosissexual-dimorphismconifer-pestnuisance-pestBurkholderiatachinid-parasitoidpheromone-communicationbuilding-invadermisidentificationTriatoma-look-alikegradual-metamorphosisseed-predatorforest-pestornamental-pestplumbing-damagepublic-health-confusionChileEuropeNorth-AmericaSouth-AmericaAsiaTurkeyalmond-pestcitrus-pesttomato-pestcorn-pestoverwintering-aggregationdefensive-secretionpheromone-mediated-parasitismegg-parasitoidbiological-controlecological-niche-modelingclimate-suitabilityrange-expansionintroductionaccidental-dispersalseed-orchard-pestgermination-reductionempty-seed-formationcone-damagelodgepole-pineDouglas-firwestern-conifer-seed-bugL.-occidentalisL.-zonatusL.-phyllopusL.-clypealisL.-australisL.-chilensisL.-oppositusmale-combatfemoral-weaponabdominal-glandpheromone-glandtibial-dilationleaf-like-hind-legtrue-bugHemipteraHeteropteraPentatomomorphaAnisosceliniphytophagousplant-feedingstylet-feedingsalivary-sheathoverwinteringdiapausebuilding-entrystructural-pestnuisance-odorflight-sounddroning-flightaggregation-behaviormale-pheromonefemale-choiceparasitoid-hostbiological-control-agentintegrated-pest-managementmonitoringearly-detectionpreventioninvasion-biologyalien-speciesnon-native-pestglobal-spreadclimate-changeniche-modelingsuitable-habitatestablishment-riskquarantinephytosanitaryforest-healthseed-productionreforestationafforestationconifer-forestrypine-seedseed-viabilityeconomic-impactcrop-lossyield-reductionkernel-damagefruit-damagenut-damagevector-of-diseaseChagas-diseasekissing-bugpublic-alarmmisinformationeducationidentification-toolshealth-system-burdenpesticide-overuseurban-ecologydomiciliaryperidomiciliaryAndean-regionPatagoniaMediterraneantemperatesubtropicaltropicalagroecosystemnatural-enemypredatorparasitepathogensymbiontgut-microbiomesoil-ingestionfitness-benefitreproductive-successsperm-morphologytesticular-morphologyaccessory-glandpheromone-blendspecies-specific-odorcherry-scentvanilla-scentcinnamon-scentrose-scentolfactory-communicationmate-locationmate-recognitionsexual-selectionmale-male-competitionweapon-morphologyallometrydevelopmental-plasticitynymphal-instaregg-barrelegg-arrangementlinear-ovipositionleaf-surfaceplant-tissuestylet-penetrationenzymatic-digestionfluid-feedingphloem-feedingxylem-feedingseed-feedingcone-feedingfruit-feedingkernel-feedingnut-feedingcrop-feedinghost-plant-rangepolyphagyoligophagyspecialistgeneralistpest-statusdamage-thresholdeconomic-injury-levelmanagement-strategycultural-controlphysical-controlchemical-controlresistancetolerancehost-plant-resistancemonitoring-traplight-trappopulation-densitydistribution-mapspread-ratecolonizationestablishmentpopulation-dynamicslife-tabledevelopmental-ratethermal-requirementsdegree-daysphenologyvoltinismunivoltinebivoltinemultivoltinegeneration-timeoverwintering-sitehibernaculumshelter-seekingcold-hardinessfreeze-tolerancesupercoolingwater-relationsdesiccation-resistancestarvation-resistancedispersal-abilityflight-capacitywalking-behaviorclimbing-behavioraggregation-pheromonealarm-pheromonestink-glandmetathoracic-glanddorsoabdominal-glandventral-abdominal-glandsexual-glandmorphological-defensechemical-defensemechanical-defenseautotomyleg-losspredation-riskparasitism-riskparasitoid-riskpathogen-riskcompetitionintraspecificinterspecificresource-competitionmating-competitionsperm-competitioncryptic-female-choicereproductive-isolationspeciationphylogenysystematicstaxonomymorphologyanatomyhistologyultrastructurespermatogenesisspermatozoasperm-lengthnuclear-lengthcyst-productionfollicle-numbertestis-structurereproductive-anatomygenitaliamating-behaviorcopulationinseminationovipositionegg-productionfecundityfertilityhatching-successnymphal-survivaladult-longevitysex-ratiooperational-sex-ratiopopulation-sex-ratioeffective-population-sizegenetic-diversitygene-flowpopulation-structurephylogeographybiogeographyhistorical-biogeographyvicariancedispersalrange-shiftrange-contractionaltitudinal-distributionlatitudinal-distributionlongitudinal-distributionisland-distributioncontinental-distributionendemismcosmopolitanismintroduced-rangenative-rangesource-populationfounder-populationinvasion-frontlag-phaseestablishment-phasespread-phaseequilibrium-phaseimpact-assessmentrisk-assessmenthorizon-scanningearly-warningrapid-responseeradicationcontainmentcontrolmanagementadaptationmitigationrestorationconservationbiodiversityecosystem-serviceecosystem-functionfood-webtrophic-levelprimary-consumerherbivorefruit-predatorplant-animal-interactionmutualismantagonismpredationparasitismcommensalismamensalismfacilitationindirect-interactiontrait-mediated-interactiondensity-mediated-interactionbehavioral-ecologyevolutionary-ecologyfunctional-ecologyphysiological-ecologypopulation-ecologycommunity-ecologyecosystem-ecologylandscape-ecologymacroecologyglobal-ecologyapplied-ecologyagricultural-ecologyforest-ecologyconservation-biologyinvasion-ecologyrestoration-ecologypest-managementconservation-biological-controlaugmentative-biological-controlclassical-biological-controlparasitoidnematodefungusbacteriumvirusentomopathogenmicrobial-controlsterile-insect-techniquegenetic-controlmating-disruptionattract-and-killpush-pulltrap-cropborder-croprefugehabitat-managementcultural-practicecrop-rotationtillageirrigationfertilizationpruningharvest-timingsanitationresidue-managementweed-managementcover-cropcompanion-plantingintercroppingagroforestrysilvicultureforest-managementseed-orchard-managementcone-collectionseed-extractionseed-testinggermination-testingseed-qualityseed-vigorempty-seedinsect-damageinsect-injuryfeeding-scarpuncturestylet-sheathsalivary-flangesymptomsigndiagnosissamplingeconomic-thresholddecision-supportexpert-systemmodelingsimulationforecastingclimate-modelniche-modelspecies-distribution-modelhabitat-suitabilityrisk-mappinginvasion-pathwayintroduction-vectortradetransporttourismmigrationnatural-dispersalhuman-mediated-dispersalaccidental-introductionintentional-introductionreleaseescapecultivationornamentalforestryagriculturehorticultureurbanizationglobalizationland-use-changehabitat-fragmentationhabitat-lossdegradationpollutionpesticidefertilizernutrient-enrichmenteutrophicationacidificationwarmingdroughtextreme-eventdisturbancesuccessionrecoveryresiliencestabilityvariabilityuncertaintysustainable-developmentgreen-economycircular-economybioeconomyecosystem-approachone-healthplanetary-healthenvironmental-healthpublic-healthveterinary-healthplant-healthfood-securitynutritionlivelihoodpovertyinequalitygenderindigenous-knowledgetraditional-knowledgelocal-knowledgecitizen-sciencestakeholder-engagementpolicygovernanceregulationlegislationinternational-cooperationcapacity-buildingawarenesscommunicationoutreachextensionadvisory-serviceresearchinnovationtechnology-transferknowledge-exchangenetworkingpartnershipcollaborationevaluationevidence-based-policyscience-policy-interfacediplomacyadvocacyactivismsocial-movementenvironmental-justiceenvironmental-ethicsenvironmental-philosophyenvironmental-humanitiesenvironmental-historyenvironmental-literatureenvironmental-artenvironmental-educationenvironmental-communicationscience-communicationrisk-communicationcrisis-communicationhealth-communicationbehavior-changepro-environmental-behaviorsustainable-behaviorconsumptionproductionwasterecyclingreusereductionefficiencyrenewablecleangreenbluenaturalorganicagroecologypermacultureregenerativerestorativehealingtransformativetransdisciplinaryinterdisciplinarymultidisciplinarycross-disciplinarydisciplinarydisciplinary-integrationknowledge-integrationsystem-thinkingcomplexityemergencenon-linearityfeedbacktipping-pointregime-shiftalternative-stable-stateresilience-thinkingadaptive-managementadaptive-governancelearningreflectionparticipationinclusionequityjusticefairnessethicsvaluesnormscultureidentityplacesense-of-placeattachmentwell-beingquality-of-lifehappinessflourishingthrivingsustainabilitysustainabledevelopmentgrowthdegrowthpost-growthsteady-statecirculardoughnut-economicsplanetary-boundariessafe-operating-spacetipping-elementscritical-transitionearly-warning-signalresilience-indicatorsustainability-indicatorbenchmarktargetgoalcommitmentpledgeagreementtreatyconventionprotocolframeworkstrategyplanprogramprojectinitiativecampaignmovementcoalitionalliancenetworkplatformhubcenterinstituteorganizationassociationsocietyunionfederationconfederationfoundationtrustfundbankfacilitymechanisminstrumenttoolmethodapproachtechniqueprocedureprocesssystemstructureinstitutionadministrationoperationservicedeliveryprovisionsupplydemandmarketeconomyfinanceinvestmentfundingfinancingresourcecapitalassetliabilityincomeexpenditurerevenuecostbenefitprofitlossreturnyieldoutcomeoutputinputthroughputproductivityeffectivenessperformancequalitystandardcriterionindicatormetricmeasureassessmentappraisalreviewauditverificationvalidationcertificationaccreditationrecognitionawardprizehonordistinctionexcellencebest-practicelesson-learnedexperienceexpertisecompetencecapacitycapabilityskillknowledgeinformationdataevidencesciencediscoveryinventioncreationdesigntestingpilotingscalingmainstreaminguptakeadoptiondiffusiondisseminationpublicationreportingdocumentationarchivingpreservationrehabilitationreconstructionreplicationduplicationbackupsecuritysafetyprotectionsafeguardinginsurancerisk-managementemergency-preparednessresponsereliefhumanitarianpeaceprosperityhealthemploymenthousinginfrastructureenergywaterfoodfisheryaquacultureminingmanufacturingindustrycommercerecreationheritagenatureecosystemenvironmentclimateatmosphereoceanfreshwaterlandsoilmineralbiotaflorafaunamicroorganismfungiplantanimalvertebrateinvertebratearthropodinsectbugHemipteranHeteropteranpentatomomorphancoreoidcoreidsquash-bugboxelder-bugstink-bugshield-bugplant-bugmiridlygaeidseed-bugbroad-headed-bugalydidreduviidassassin-bugtriatominebed-bugcimicidwater-bugnepomorphangerromorphanleptopodomorphanenicocephalomorphandipsocoromorphanceratocomboidschizopteroidpeloridioidcoleorrhynchanmoss-bugarchaeorrhynchanfulgoromorphancicadomorphanmembracoidtreehopperleafhopperplanthopperpsyllidjumping-plant-lousewhiteflyaleyrodidscale-insectcoccoidmealybugaphidadelgidphylloxeransternorrhynchanthysanopteranthripspsocopteranbarklousebooklousephthirapteranlousesucking-lousechewing-lousemallophagananoplurandermapteranearwigblattodeancockroachtermiteisopteranmantodeanmantidphasmidstick-insectleaf-insectorthopterangrasshopperlocustkatydidcricketmole-cricketpygmy-mole-cricketcamel-cricketcave-cricketwetaensiferancaeliferangryllotalpidmyrmecophilidtettigoniidgryllidacrididpamphagidpneumoridlentulidtristirideumastacidproscopiidtridactylidtetrigidgrouse-locustpygmy-grasshopperplecopteranstoneflyembiopteranwebspinnerzorapteranangel-insectdictyopteran

• Pacifastacus leniusculus

  Signal Crayfish

  The signal crayfish is a large North American freshwater crayfish introduced to Europe in the 1960s to replace declining native fisheries. It has become one of the most ecologically impactful invasive decapods in Europe, outcompeting native crayfish and serving as a carrier of crayfish plague (Aphanomyces astaci). The species establishes self-sustaining populations rapidly, with six age cohorts documented within a few years of introduction. It shows sex- and size-specific coloration patterns, with males displaying more saturated and brighter ventral claw surfaces than females, suggesting a role in intraspecific communication.

  invasive-speciescrayfish-plague-carrierdecapodfreshwater-crustaceanconservation-concernspecies-of-Union-concernearly-detection-rapid-responseark-sitesecosystem-engineerbioaccumulationsexual-dimorphismnocturnal-activityinvasion-gradienttrappingelectrofishingeradicationMediterranean-invasionheadwater-threatnative-crayfish-displacementfisheries-introduction1960s-introductionEuropeJapanCalifornia-nativePacifastacusAstacidaeDecapodaMalacostracaArthropodaAphanomyces-astaciwhite-clawed-crayfishsignal-crayfishcontrol-planningremoval-actionscatch-per-unit-effortcolor-variationcarotenoidscamouflageconspicuousnessintraspecific-communicationelemental-accumulationcontaminanttrophic-levelmacroinvertebrateplant-detritusrifflestreamriverlaketributaryinvasion-frontcore-populationexploratory-behaviormigration-patternsontogenetic-color-changekick-samplingdetection-protocolfalse-negativeCataloniaItalyPortugalSpainPolandScandinaviaBritish-IslesSegura-RiverClitunno-RiverValla-streamRabaçal-RiverFosso-VecchioUnion-concernLIFE-IMAGINEeradication-attemptbiosecuritypathway-action-plansINNS-inspectorateenvironmental-DNAeDNAhost-pathogen-dynamicsconservation-translocationark-siteaggregates-levyenvironment-agencyBBC-wildlife-funddefrahabitats-directivefavourable-conservation-statusunfavourable-badextinction-riskfunding-cutsecosystem-serviceskeystone-specieswoodlandpollinationdecompositionnutrient-cyclingpredationwater-purificationcitizen-scienceex-situ-conservation-rearingzoosaquariaFen-Raft-SpiderPond-Mud-SnailLarge-Marsh-GrasshopperFreshwater-Pearl-MusselMarbled-White-ButterflySmall-Skipperclimate-changeassisted-colonizationrange-marginbiotic-responseabiotic-driverwarmingpollutioneutrophicationfunctional-traitthermal-limitembryogenesiscompetitive-advantagealien-aquatic-speciesartificial-light-at-nightnutrient-enrichmentbrown-troutbiological-controlclearance-rateparasite-loadsympatryglobal-invaderpredatory-interactionexperimental-approachepiphytic-algaesubmerged-plant-communitymolecular-toolsinformaticssocial-mediapooled-samplingintegrative-taxonomyhybridbryozoancost-efficient-methodologypolicy-effectivenesslegislative-toolsLIFE-INVASAQUAnetworkingpreventionawarenessmarine-protected-areacitizen-science-datanon-native-freshwater-fishknowledge-gapsinvasive-alien-freshwater-plantsnaturalised-plantsaquatic-habitatspot-plantshorticultureNew-Guinea-flatwormPartula-tree-snailsLob-wormLumbricus-terrestrisHarlequin-ladybirdOak-processionary-mothNew-Zealand-flatwormAustralian-flatwormLily-beetleRosemary-leaf-beetleSpanish-slugGirdled-snailAustralian-landhopperLight-brown-apple-mothAsian-hornetArgentine-antLinepithema-humileVespa-velutinaash-diebackHymenoscyphus-fraxineusFloating-PennywortGiant-HogweedChinese-Mitten-CrabEriocheir-sinensisBallast-Water-ConventionOffice-for-Environmental-ProtectionEnvironmental-Improvement-PlanGlobal-Biodiversity-Frameworkdelistinglistingrapid-responseGreat-Britain-Non-native-Species-StrategyNature-2030Wildlife-and-Countryside-LinkBuglifeinvertebrateconservationreintroductionreinforcementassisted-colonisationhabitat-managementgenetic-diversitydonor-stockstakeholder-collaborationNatural-EnglandeNGOlandownerpublic-engagementmedia-attentiontabloidsensationalismspidersize-of-ratsMarvellous-Mud-Snails-CornwallCitizen-ZooHop-of-Hopevolunteerex-situ-rearinglong-life-cycleglochidiasalmonid-fish-hostFreshwater-Biology-Associationjuvenile-musselhabitat-restorationmicro-habitatField-CricketWart-biter-Bush-cricketBarberry-Carpet-MothMarsh-Fritillary-ButterflyFisher's-Estuarine-MothSouthern-DamselflyWhite-faced-Darter-DragonflyPine-HoverflyDark-bordered-Beauty-MothMedicinal-LeechTadpole-ShrimpNetted-Carpet-MothLadybird-SpiderNarrow-headed-AntCumbriaDorsetDevonmicrohabitatlow-mobilitynatural-colonizationshort-haired-bumblebeeBombus-subterraneussub-optimal-managementBarberry-bushPaul-WaringBenoit-Guénardconservation-fundingvertebrate-biasinvertebrate-neglectbeaverCastor-fiberpine-martenMartes-martesbird-of-preyLarge-Blue-ButterflyPhengaris-arionChequered-SkipperCarterocephalus-palaemonmainland-Europenational-reintroductionlocal-reintroductiondonor-populationreceptor-sitecounty400-misolated-habitatEngland-Species-Reintroduction-Task-ForceKarim-Vahedhalf-a-centurydiverse-specieslogistically-easierguidelinescodegovernmenthabitat-conditionssite-conditionstargeted-habitat-managementmobilityrecoveryunsuccessful-caselack-of-genetic-diversityoptimal-managementestablishment-failurecareknowledgefunding-allocationPNASthreatened-species80%6%species-numbersimbalancelegislationwild-releasehigh-profilemain-imageDecticus-verrucivorusDr-Sarah-HenshallshareFacebookLinkedInTrinity-AudiotweetNEOBIOTA-2024Lisbon421-participants47-countriesinvasion-scienceaquatic-studiesmarinefreshwateroral-sessionposterworkshopNeoBiota-Special-IssueeditorialPedro-AnastácioFilipe-RibeiroPaula-Chainho23-papersfive-themes100th-issueZooKeysdigital-taxonomyenvironmental-stressorinvasion-successsalinitysea-level-riseAlternanthera-philoxeroidesstress-toleranceavoidanceescapeGonçalvesphysiological-performanceCallinectes-sapidusclimate-warmingPhymactis-papillosaenvironmental-toleranceecological-impactPortuguese-intertidalsynergistic-effectZhangecological-interactioninvasion-impactpopulation-dynamicsSalmo-truttaMatosbivalvecapture-efficiencynatural-sestonCabralEupercariaTkachenkoglobal-aquatic-invaderReshetnikovPontederia-crassipesPistia-stratiotesShendetectionmonitoringsurveillanceearly-detectionDiasXenopus-laevispooled-eDNAEvertsSqualiusGkenasChilean-SE-PacificRechmanagementpolicylegislative-toolEU-policysectoral-impactMagliozzifreshwater-turtleRatoCarosihabitat-usetrapping-efficiencyhypersaline-lagoonHerrero-ReyesIberian-PeninsulaLópez-CañizaresAfrican-marine-protected-areaglobal-databaseAcklandIndian-freshwater-fishevidence-gapKumarEuropean-freshwater-plantecosystem-impactDi-Lerniaglobal-synthesisnaturalised-plantaquatic-habitatKortzinterdisciplinaritytranslational-relevanceissue-4930Blueskyscholarly-publishingecologyinvasion-ecologyaquatic-ecosystemflatwormsnailgang-attackextinctionpot-plantsoil-sterilizationfumigationhot-water-immersionbiosecurity-measureinternational-tradeHirudo-medicinalisNeil-PhillipsSteven-FalkSarah-Henshallomphiscola-glabraCornwallScotlandBlera-fallaxEpione-vespertariaTriops-cancriformisEustroma-reticulatumEresus-sandaliatusFormica-exsectaGryllus-campestrisDecticus-verrucivorousPareulype-berberataEuphydryas-auriniaMargaritifera-margaritiferaGortyna-borelii-lunataDolomedes-plantariusCoenagrion-mercurialeLeucorrhinia-dubiaStethophyma-grossumMelanargia-galatheaThymelicus-sylvestrisFormica-rufaKielder-ForestNorthumberlandLiz-OldringStephen-WillsDurham-Universityclimate-suitabilitylimited-fundingbiased-fundingvertebratenature-positive-trade2024-General-ElectionManifesto-for-Bugsseven-actionscommitmentshalting-nature-lossreversing-invertebrate-declineAndrew-WhitehouseSouth-West-ManagerLord-De-Mauleywildlife-ministermineral-extractionTreasuryGeorge-Entwistle50%-cutbadger-cullriver-dredging£100K£12.75£420£1,6162012201421-projects2-projectsreportingBedstraw-hawk-mothnational-prideleadershipDavid-SmithSocial-Change-and-Advocacy-OfficerLisa-ManningPolicy-and-Engagement-OfficerFebruary-2024GB-Non-Native-Species-Strategyone-year-anniversarymeasurabilitytimelineoff-track2030time-lagestablishmentRed-Imported-Fire-AntSolenopsis-invictaworld's-worst-invasive-speciesPaPsdraft-formconsultation-delay2023-State-of-Nature-ReportEnvironmental-Audit-Committee£6-millionanimal-healthplant-healthresourcinglong-term-futureslipped-timelinesinefficient-processfully-resourced-implementation-plansgeneral-electionmanifestosmallest-creaturesfoundationshealthy-environmentecosystem-functionnature's-declineactioncommitmentEngland-Managerdeliberate-movementreleasewildconservation-purposefeatheredfurredmultitudelarge-scale1980s1990s2018Englandsmall-sizesmall-scaleregion2005200720082010-201520092010201920222023isolatedhigh-reproductive-potentialcost-effectivezooaquariumcollaborationten-different-zoosthousandsspiderlingsfour-new-populationsNorfolkSuffolkmedia-response2024headlinehomeownerurgent-warningrelatively-easy-to-rearlocal-schoolscollegesvolunteerssmall-aquaria500-snailsfour-new-sites6,00047-volunteerslong-complex-life-cyclelong-livedmany-years50,000specialised-facilitieshundredsjuvenile-musselsageing-populationsNorthern-Englandnatural-rangeconservation-status2000climatically-suitablenine-yearspest-speciesForestry-EnglandWood-Antkeystone-woodland-speciesrescueimmediate-dangerAustropotamobius-pallipesNorth-American-Signal-CrayfishPacifastacus-leniusculusoutcompetesfungalCrayfish-Plaguesusceptiblesuccessful-reintroductionrigorous-planningappropriate-guidelinesreintroduction-codenatural-habitatrestorationmicro-habitat-requirementslife-cycle-stageconservation-tool-kittargeted-habitat-restorationmobile-speciesspecies-specialistpublic2010s2004thousands-of-caterpillarsmultiple-attemptspublic-attentionvertebrate-relative2025opposite-patterncelebration