Douglas-fir
Guides
Adelges cooleyi
Cooley spruce gall adelgid, Douglas fir adelgid, gall adelgid
Adelges cooleyi is a gall-forming adelgid native to western North America, specifically the Rocky Mountains and Cascade Mountains. It is a host-alternating species with a complex life cycle involving two primary hosts: spruce (Picea) species as primary hosts and Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) as the secondary host. On spruce, the adelgid induces the formation of distinctive pineapple-shaped galls at branch terminals. On Douglas fir, it produces white, cottony wax masses containing eggs but causes less conspicuous injury. The species has two generations per year and exhibits morphological dimorphism: progredientes migrate to current-year needles while sistentes settle on older needles.
Buprestis lyrata
pink-faced jewel beetle
Buprestis lyrata is a species of metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, first described by Thomas L. Casey in 1909. It is found in the Nearctic region, primarily in western North America including Alberta and British Columbia in Canada. Adults are known to frequent freshly dead conifers, particularly Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), where they can be found on trunks and branches. The species is part of the diverse genus Buprestis, which contains many colorful and sought-after jewel beetles among collectors.
Camptomyia
Camptomyia is a genus of gall midges (Cecidomyiidae) established by Kieffer in 1894. At least one species, C. pseudotsugae, has been described from Douglas-fir cones in western North America. The genus belongs to the tribe Asynaptini within the subfamily Porricondylinae.
Centrodera
Centrodera is a genus of longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae) in the subfamily Lepturinae, tribe Rhagiini. The genus was established by LeConte in 1850 and contains approximately 11 recognized species distributed in North America, with the majority restricted to the United States. Species include Centrodera spurca, C. decolorata, C. nevadica, and C. sublineata, among others. The genus is associated with coniferous and mixed woodlands, with some species showing host relationships with Douglas-fir and other trees.
Centrodera spurca
yellow Douglas-fir borer
Centrodera spurca, commonly known as the yellow Douglas-fir borer, is a species of flower longhorn beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It is native to North America, with records from western Canada (British Columbia, Alberta) and the western United States. The species has been documented in coniferous forest habitats, particularly in association with Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). A notable disjunct population occurs in the Sacramento Mountains of New Mexico, separated from the main Pacific Coast distribution.
Chionodes
Chionodes is a large, globally distributed genus of small moths in the family Gelechiidae. The genus comprises over 150 described species, many of which are grouped into species complexes based on morphological similarities and host associations. Larvae of numerous species are associated with coniferous trees, particularly Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), though host plant relationships vary considerably across the genus. The Nearctic obscurusella species-group includes species feeding on Acer, Quercus, and Salix.
Dendroctonus pseudotsugae
Douglas-fir beetle, Douglas fir beetle
The Douglas-fir beetle (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae) is a bark beetle native to western North America and a major pest of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). Adults are small (4.4–7 mm), light brown when young, darkening to brown or black with reddish wing covers. Outbreaks typically follow disturbances such as storms, fire, or drought, which provide stressed or dead host trees. The species has one of the most thoroughly studied pheromone systems among bark beetles, with operational use of its antiaggregation pheromone (MCH) to protect high-value trees developed over 40 years of research. The beetle also infests downed western larch (Larix occidentalis), though brood do not survive in live larch due to high 3-carene content.
Dioryctria pseudotsugella
Douglas-fir coneworm moth
A small coneworm moth in the family Pyralidae, described by Eugene G. Munroe in 1959. The species is associated with coniferous forests across western North America, where its larvae develop in the cones and cambium of Douglas-fir and related host trees. The specific epithet references its primary host genus Pseudotsuga.
Gnathotrichus retusus
western pinewood stainer
Gnathotrichus retusus, commonly known as the western pinewood stainer, is an ambrosia beetle in the family Curculionidae. It is primarily univoltine, with a minimum development time of 40 days from egg to adult in Douglas-fir logs. The species is known to reproduce in both Douglas-fir and western hemlock stumps. Flight activity is strongly crepuscular, with a major peak at dusk and a minor morning peak, regulated primarily by light intensity.
Hylastes
Hylastes is a genus of crenulate bark beetles in the family Curculionidae, comprising over 90 species. Members are primarily associated with coniferous hosts, particularly pines and spruces, where they breed in stumps, roots, and stressed or dying trees. Several species are economically significant as vectors of fungal pathogens causing tree mortality. The genus has a fossil record extending to the Eocene, with Hylastes perkovskyi described from Rovno amber.
Hylastes nigrinus
Hylastes nigrinus is a root-feeding bark beetle in the family Curculionidae (subfamily Scolytinae) that breeds in the roots and stumps of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), particularly in trees killed by Dendroctonus pseudotsugae. The species exhibits strong temperature-dependent emergence and light-influenced flight behavior, with peak activity occurring in late afternoon or early evening. It is a suspected vector of the pathogen Verticicladiella wageneri, which causes black stain root disease. Development typically spans one year, with five larval instars and overwintering by both adults and mature larvae in galleries.
Leptoglossus
leaf-footed bugs
Leptoglossus is a genus of true bugs in the leaf-footed bug family Coreidae, tribe Anisoscelini. Species are characterized by leaflike dilations of the hind tibia, a diagnostic trait of the genus. The genus is distributed throughout the Americas, with some introduced populations in Europe and Asia. Several species are economically significant agricultural pests, notably L. occidentalis, which has become invasive in multiple continents.
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roseata
Rosy Aemilia
Lophocampa roseata, commonly known as the rosy aemilia, is a small moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1866. The species is restricted to the Pacific Northwest region of North America, where it inhabits coniferous forests and has adapted to urban environments. The forewings measure 14–15 mm in length. Larvae have been successfully reared on Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), indicating a host relationship with this conifer species.
Scolytus unispinosus
Douglas-fir engraver
Scolytus unispinosus, the Douglas-fir engraver, is a bark beetle native to western North America. It acts primarily as a secondary insect, colonizing the tops, limbs, and branches of Douglas-fir trees that have been killed or weakened by other factors. While it occasionally kills young trees, it is generally of minor economic importance and commonly attacks logging slash. In British Columbia's interior, it frequently occurs in association with the Douglas-fir beetle (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae).
Zeiraphera hesperiana
Douglas-fir Bud Moth
Zeiraphera hesperiana is a North American tortricid moth species described in 1967. It belongs to the bud moth genus Zeiraphera, which includes several economically significant forest pests. The species is associated with coniferous hosts, particularly Douglas-fir.