Aphid
Guides
Abstrusomyzus phloxae
Abstrusomyzus phloxae is an aphid species in the family Aphididae, originally described as Phorodon phloxae by Sampson in 1939. It belongs to the tribe Macrosiphini, a group characterized by long siphunculi. The specific epithet suggests an association with plants in the genus Phlox.
Acanthocaudus
Acanthocaudus is a genus of small parasitoid wasps in the family Braconidae, subfamily Aphidiinae. Species in this genus are known to parasitize aphids. The genus was established by Smith in 1944 and occurs in the Nearctic Region. Recent taxonomic work has described new species and resolved synonymies within the genus.
Acuticauda
Acuticauda is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, established by Hille Ris Lambers in 1956. The genus belongs to the tribe Macrosiphini and is part of the diverse aphid fauna within the order Hemiptera. As with other aphid genera, species within Acuticauda are likely phloem-feeding insects, though specific ecological details for the genus as a whole remain poorly documented in available sources.
Acuticauda solidaginifoliae
Goldenrod Leaf-fold Aphid
Acuticauda solidaginifoliae is an aphid species in the family Aphididae, first described by Williams in 1911. It is commonly known as the Goldenrod Leaf-fold Aphid, indicating an association with goldenrod plants (Solidago species). The specific epithet 'solidaginifoliae' directly references this host relationship. Like other aphids in the genus Acuticauda, it likely possesses the characteristic elongated cauda that gives the genus its name.
Acyrthosiphon
pea aphids
Acyrthosiphon is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, established by Alexander Mordvilko in 1914. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution and includes several economically important agricultural pests. The best-known species, Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid), is a major pest of legume crops and serves as a model organism for studies of insect-bacteria symbiosis, particularly its relationship with the obligate endosymbiont Buchnera aphidicola.
Acyrthosiphon lactucae
Prickly Lettuce Aphid
Acyrthosiphon lactucae is an aphid species in the family Aphididae, commonly known as the Prickly Lettuce Aphid. It belongs to the genus Acyrthosiphon, which includes several economically significant agricultural pests. The species was first described by Passerini in 1860. Unlike its congener Acyrthosiphon pisum (the pea aphid), which has been extensively studied, relatively little specific research has been published on A. lactucae. Available records indicate presence in parts of Europe including Norway, Sweden, and the Portuguese archipelago of Madeira.
Acyrthosiphon macrosiphum
Long-legged Serviceberry Aphid
Acyrthosiphon macrosiphum is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, originally described as Illinoia macrosiphum by Wilson in 1912. It belongs to the Acyrthosiphon-Macrosiphum group of aphids, which has been studied in relation to host-parasitoid specificity. The species is known by the common name Long-legged Serviceberry Aphid. Very little specific biological or ecological information is documented for this particular species in available literature.
Acyrthosiphon pisum
Pea aphid, green dolphin, pea louse, clover louse
Acyrthosiphon pisum, the pea aphid, is a sap-sucking hemipteran and major agricultural pest of legume crops worldwide. It is notable as the first hemimetabolous insect with a fully sequenced genome and serves as a model organism for studying aphid biology, endosymbiosis, polyphenism, and asexual reproduction. The species exhibits complex polyphenism with multiple morphs including winged and wingless parthenogenetic females, sexual males and females, and green or red/pink color morphs. Its survival depends entirely on the obligate endosymbiont Buchnera aphidicola, which provides essential amino acids lacking in its phloem sap diet.
Adialytus
A genus of aphid parasitoid wasps in the family Braconidae, subfamily Aphidiinae. Species within this genus are solitary, koinobiont endoparasitoids of aphids (Aphididae), developing within living hosts. The genus is represented by four species in Europe, with records from Turkey, Ukraine, and Scandinavia. Members are of economic interest as potential biological control agents of pest aphids on crops and woody plants.
Amphorophora ampullata
Dark-tipped Fern Aphid
Amphorophora ampullata is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, commonly known as the Dark-tipped Fern Aphid. It belongs to a genus associated with fern-feeding habits. The species has been recorded in northern Europe and North America. Taxonomic status varies across databases, with some treating it as accepted and others as a synonym.
Anoecia
Anoecia is a genus of root-feeding aphids in the subfamily Anoeciinae. Species are primarily subterranean, spending much of their life cycle underground on grass and sedge roots. The genus includes approximately 30 described species distributed across the Holarctic region. Several species exhibit complex life cycles involving migration between woody spring hosts (notably dogwood, Cornus) and herbaceous summer hosts.
Anoeciinae
Anoeciinae is a subfamily of root-feeding aphids within Aphididae. Members are obligate subterranean insects that live and feed on plant roots. The subfamily contains four genera, including two extinct fossil taxa from Baltic amber. Unlike many aphids, anoeciines do not alternate between hosts and remain underground throughout their life cycle.
Aphidiinae
Aphid Mummy Wasps
Aphidiinae is a subfamily of Braconidae comprising approximately 400 species in 50 genera worldwide. These wasps are koinobiont endoparasitoids that develop exclusively within aphid hosts, with larvae consuming the host from the inside. Most species pupate inside the dead aphid, though members of the tribe Praini exit below to form external volcano-like cocoons. The group is economically significant for biological control of aphid pests in agriculture and horticulture.
Aphidiinae
Aphid Mummy Wasps
Aphidiinae is a subfamily of tiny parasitoid wasps within Braconidae that exclusively parasitize aphids. Adults are minute, typically under 5 mm, with reduced wing venation characteristic of microgastroid wasps. The common name 'Aphid Mummy Wasps' refers to the distinctive 'mummy' formed when parasitized aphids die, dry out, and become leathery brown or black shells containing the wasp pupa. Several species have been successfully deployed in biological control programs targeting agricultural aphid pests.
Aphidina
Aphidina is a subtribe of aphids within the family Aphididae, established by Latreille in 1802. It encompasses numerous genera including economically significant and xerophilous species. Members exhibit diverse life cycles, with some species amenable to genetic control methods due to their holocyclic heterogenetic reproduction. The subtribe includes species with specialized host associations, particularly on Asteraceae, Chenopodiaceae, and Amaranthaceae.
Aphis
Aphis is a large genus of aphids in the family Aphididae containing at least 400–600 species. The genus includes numerous significant agricultural pests, notably the soybean aphid (Aphis glycines), cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii), and apple aphid (Aphis pomi). Many species form mutualistic associations with ants (myrmecophily), exchanging honeydew for protection. Species identification within the genus often requires examination of morphological characters such as siphunculi and cauda structure.
Aphis aurantii
Black Citrus Aphid, Camellia Aphid
Aphis aurantii is an economically significant aphid species known as the Black Citrus Aphid or Camellia Aphid. It is a major pest in commercial tea plantations and gardens in China, where it causes substantial damage to Camellia sinensis. The species exhibits a broad host range across multiple plant families, with documented specialization on Ficus in sympatric populations suggesting ongoing host-associated divergence. Population genetic studies reveal high haplotype diversity across Chinese populations with evidence of recent expansion events and isolation-by-distance patterns.
Aphis ceanothi
California Lilac Aphid
Aphis ceanothi is an aphid species first described by Clarke in 1903. It is commonly known as the California Lilac Aphid, reflecting its association with Ceanothus (California lilac) host plants. The species is currently accepted in taxonomic databases, though some sources list it as a synonym. As a member of the genus Aphis, it shares the characteristic pear-shaped body and cornicles typical of this large aphid genus.
Aphis cephalanthi
Buttonbush aphid
Aphis cephalanthi is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, described by Thomas in 1878. The common name "Buttonbush aphid" reflects its association with its host plant, buttonbush (Cephalanthus species). Like other aphids in the genus Aphis, it is a sap-feeding insect with a typical aphid life cycle involving parthenogenetic reproduction during favorable conditions. The species is recognized in major taxonomic databases including GBIF, Catalogue of Life, and NCBI, though detailed biological studies appear limited in the available literature.
Aphis craccae
Tufted Vetch Aphid
Aphis craccae, commonly known as the Tufted Vetch Aphid, is an aphid species in the family Aphididae. It is associated with leguminous host plants, particularly vetch species (Vicia spp.). The species was first described by Linnaeus in 1758. Observations indicate it occurs in parts of Europe including Belgium, Denmark, and Norway.
Aphis craccivora
cowpea aphid, groundnut aphid, black legume aphid
Aphis craccivora is a small, dark-colored aphid of probable Palearctic origin that has become a cosmopolitan agricultural pest. It is polyphagous but shows strong preference for leguminous plants, particularly cowpea, groundnut, and alfalfa. The species reproduces primarily through parthenogenesis, with winged forms developing for dispersal. It is a significant pest due to direct feeding damage, honeydew production that promotes sooty mold growth, and its role as a vector for multiple plant viruses.
Aphis fabae
black bean aphid, blackfly, bean aphid, beet leaf aphid
Aphis fabae is a small, soft-bodied aphid in the family Aphididae, commonly known as the black bean aphid or blackfly. It is a significant agricultural pest with a broad host range, attacking beans, sugar beet, and numerous other crops. The species exhibits a heteroecious life cycle with host alternation between a woody primary host (Euonymus europaeus, spindle tree) and herbaceous secondary hosts. It reproduces parthenogenetically during the growing season and sexually in autumn, producing overwintering eggs. The aphid is capable of rapid population increase through viviparous reproduction, and winged forms develop seasonally to facilitate migration between host plants.
Aphis farinosa
Small Willow Aphid
Aphis farinosa is a species of aphid commonly known as the Small Willow Aphid. It is a member of the family Aphididae and is associated with willow host plants. The species has been documented in parts of Europe, including Belgium and the Azores islands of Portugal.
Aphis folsomii
Virginia creeper aphid
Aphis folsomii is an aphid species in the family Aphididae, first described by Davis in 1908. It is commonly known as the Virginia creeper aphid, indicating an association with Parthenocissus species (Virginia creeper). Like other aphids, it possesses piercing-sucking mouthparts and exhibits typical aphid morphology including cornicles on the abdomen. The species is currently accepted as valid, though it was previously listed as a synonym in some sources.
Aphis forbesi
Strawberry Root Aphid
Aphis forbesi is an aphid species in the family Aphididae, first described by Weed in 1889. It is commonly known as the strawberry root aphid, indicating an association with strawberry plants (Fragaria spp.). The species has been recorded in Serbia based on distribution data. Like other aphids in the genus Aphis, it likely possesses piercing-sucking mouthparts and may exhibit complex life cycles involving host alternation or monoecy, though specific biological details remain poorly documented in available sources.
Aphis gerardiae
False Foxglove Aphid
Aphis gerardiae is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, originally described by Thomas in 1879 as Siphonophora gerardiae. Commonly known as the False Foxglove Aphid, this species is associated with plants in the genus Gerardia (false foxgloves). As with other members of genus Aphis, it likely exhibits typical aphid characteristics including piercing-sucking mouthparts and complex life cycles involving both sexual and asexual reproduction phases. The species has been documented through limited observations, with iNaturalist recording 7 observations as of the knowledge cutoff.
Aphis gossypii
cotton aphid, melon aphid, melon and cotton aphid, greenfly
Aphis gossypii is a small sap-sucking aphid and significant agricultural pest with a global distribution. It infests crops in at least three plant families, particularly Cucurbitaceae, Rutaceae, and Malvaceae, causing direct damage through feeding and indirect damage as a vector of plant viruses. The species exhibits complex life cycle strategies including both holocyclic (sexual) and anholocyclic (asexual) reproduction depending on geographic location and climate. It has developed resistance to multiple insecticide classes, complicating management efforts.
Aphis hederae
Aphis hederae is an aphid species first described by Kaltenbach in 1843. It is currently listed as an accepted species in major taxonomic databases, though some sources note it as an ambiguous synonym. The species is recorded from the Azores archipelago (Faial, Flores, São Jorge, São Miguel, and Santa Maria islands). As a member of the genus Aphis, it shares the family's characteristic sap-feeding biology on host plants.
Aphis illinoisensis
grapevine aphid
Aphis illinoisensis, commonly known as the grapevine aphid, is a phytophagous insect native to North America that has become invasive in Mediterranean regions and other grape-growing areas worldwide. It is a documented vector of Grapevine vein clearing virus (GVCV), transmitting the pathogen from wild Vitaceae to cultivated grapevines. The species exhibits holocyclic life cycle characteristics with documented overwintering on Viburnum species. Its invasive expansion across Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East has prompted biocontrol research using native parasitoids and entomopathogenic bacteria.
Aphis intybi
Aphis intybi is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, first described by Koch in 1855. It belongs to the large genus Aphis, which contains numerous economically important plant-feeding species. Distribution records indicate presence in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. The species epithet 'intybi' suggests an association with Cichorium intybus (chicory), though specific host plant relationships have not been well documented in available literature.
Aphis lupini
Aphis lupini is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, described by Gillette and Palmer in 1929. The specific epithet suggests an association with lupine plants (Lupinus spp.), though detailed biological information is limited in available sources. As a member of genus Aphis, it shares the typical aphid characteristics of piercing-sucking mouthparts and complex life cycles often involving host plant alternation. The species is currently accepted in taxonomic databases including GBIF and NCBI, though Catalogue of Life lists it as a synonym.
Aphis maculatae
Spotted Poplar Aphid
Aphis maculatae, commonly known as the Spotted Poplar Aphid, is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae. First described by Oestlund in 1887, this small sap-sucking insect belongs to the large genus Aphis, which contains numerous agricultural and horticultural pest species. Like other aphids, it possesses piercing-sucking mouthparts adapted for feeding on plant phloem.
Aphis nasturtii
Buckthorn Aphid, Buckthorn-Potato Aphid
Aphis nasturtii is a cosmopolitan aphid species known primarily as a pest of agricultural crops, particularly potatoes, sunflowers, lettuce, and beets. It is a phloem-feeding insect that extracts plant sap using piercing-sucking mouthparts. The species is of significant economic concern due to its direct feeding damage and its role as a vector for at least 15 plant viruses. Common names reflect its association with buckthorn (likely a primary or overwintering host) and potato (a major agricultural host).
Aphis nerii
oleander aphid, milkweed aphid, sweet pepper aphid, nerium aphid
Aphis nerii is a cosmopolitan aphid species in the family Aphididae, primarily associated with plants in the dogbane family (Apocynaceae), especially milkweeds (Asclepias) and oleander (Nerium oleander). The species exhibits complex reproductive strategies including parthenogenesis and viviparity, with winged and wingless female morphs. It is a significant pest of ornamental plants and a known vector of multiple plant viruses. The species has been introduced widely beyond its native range and is now found in tropical, Mediterranean, and temperate regions globally.
Aphis oenotherae
Evening Primrose Aphid
Aphis oenotherae is an aphid species in the family Aphididae, first described by Oestlund in 1887. It is commonly known as the Evening Primrose Aphid, reflecting its association with plants in the genus Oenothera. The species has been documented in parts of Europe including Belgium, the Czech Republic, and France, with observation records also noted in citizen science databases. Like other aphids in the genus Aphis, it possesses piercing-sucking mouthparts adapted for feeding on plant phloem.
Aphis pawneepae
Aphis pawneepae is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, described by Hottes in 1934. The species is currently accepted in taxonomic databases, though some sources list it as a synonym. Very little is known about its biology, ecology, or distribution. Records indicate it has been observed at least 18 times on iNaturalist, but detailed studies of its morphology, host associations, and life history appear to be lacking in the available literature.
Aphis pulchella
Aphis pulchella is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, described by Hottes and Frison in 1931. It belongs to the large genus Aphis, which contains numerous economically important plant-feeding species. Very little specific information has been published about this particular species, and it appears to be rarely encountered or studied compared to more prominent congeners such as the soybean aphid (Aphis glycines) or oleander aphid (Aphis nerii).
Aphis rubicola
Aphis rubicola is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, described by Oestlund in 1887. The species exhibits holocyclic life cycle with seasonal polyphenism, producing sexual morphs (males and oviparae) in response to short-day photoperiods. Laboratory studies demonstrate that temperature significantly modifies sexual morph production, with lower temperatures enhancing the transition to sexual reproduction. The specific epithet suggests association with Rubus (raspberry/blackberry) as a host plant, though this has not been explicitly confirmed in available sources.
Aphis rubifolii
Blackberry aphid, Raspberry aphid
Aphis rubifolii is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae. It is known to feed on Rubus species, particularly blackberries and raspberries. The species was described by Thomas in 1879. Like other aphids in the genus Aphis, it likely reproduces parthenogenetically during the growing season, though specific life history details for this species are not well documented in available sources.
Aphis saniculae
Aphis saniculae is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, first described by Williams in 1911. The specific epithet 'saniculae' suggests an association with plants in the genus Sanicula (Apiaceae). Like other members of the genus Aphis, it is presumed to be a phloem-feeding insect. Very few observations of this species have been recorded, with only 7 documented observations on iNaturalist, indicating it is either rare, underreported, or restricted in distribution.
Aphis spiraephila
Aphis spiraephila is an aphid species in the family Aphididae, described by Edith Marion Patch in 1914. The specific epithet "spiraephila" suggests an association with Spiraea, a genus of flowering shrubs in the rose family. The species is recorded from Ukraine in distribution databases, though detailed biological information appears limited in available sources. Like other members of genus Aphis, it likely exhibits typical aphid morphology including soft bodies, piercing-sucking mouthparts, and cornicles on the abdomen.
Aphis urticata
dark green nettle aphid
Aphis urticata, commonly known as the dark green nettle aphid, is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae. It is associated with nettle plants (Urtica species), as suggested by its specific epithet. The species has been recorded in parts of Europe including Belgium and the Azores (São Miguel). Like other aphids, it likely feeds on plant phloem sap.
Aphis verbasci
Mullein Aphid
Aphis verbasci, commonly known as the mullein aphid, is an aphid species in the family Aphididae. First described by Schrank in 1801, this species has been documented in several European countries including Poland, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Denmark, and Sweden. Sexual morphs of this species include an oviparous female and a wingless male, which were described in detail for the first time in a 2014 study. The species is associated with Verbascum (mullein) as its host plant.
Aphis vernoniae
Ironweed aphid
Aphis vernoniae is an aphid species described by Thomas in 1878. The common name "Ironweed aphid" suggests an association with plants in the genus Vernonia (ironweeds). As a member of the genus Aphis, it shares characteristics with other aphids in this large and economically significant genus. The species appears to be rarely documented, with minimal observational records available.
Aphis viburniphila
American Viburnum Aphid
Aphis viburniphila, the American Viburnum Aphid, is a species of aphid described by Edith Marion Patch in 1917. The species epithet 'viburniphila' indicates its association with Viburnum host plants. As a member of the genus Aphis, it shares the typical aphid body plan with piercing-sucking mouthparts adapted for phloem feeding. The species has been documented through 88 observations on iNaturalist.
Aphthargelia
Snowberry Aphids
Aphthargelia is a small genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, tribe Macrosiphini, containing two described species. The genus was long considered monotypic until the description of A. rumbleboredomia in 2013. Both species are associated with host plants in the mountains of northwestern North America.
Aphthargelia symphoricarpi
Snowberry Aphid
Aphthargelia symphoricarpi is the type species of the small aphid genus Aphthargelia, originally described from North America. It is associated with snowberry (Symphoricarpos) as its host plant. The species is one of two currently recognized in the genus, the other being the recently described A. rumbleboredomia.
Appendiseta
Appendiseta is a monotypic genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, established by Richards in 1965. The sole described species, Appendiseta robiniae, is known as the black locust aphid and has been introduced to Europe from its native North American range. The genus is classified within the tribe Therioaphidini and subfamily Calaphidinae.
Appendiseta robiniae
Black Locust Aphid
Appendiseta robiniae, the black locust aphid, is the sole species in the monotypic genus Appendiseta. Native to North America, it has become established as an alien species in Europe, where it has adapted successfully to local conditions. In Poland, studies documented up to 11 generations per season on its host plant Robinia pseudoacacia, with females of the second and third generations showing highest fertility. The species exhibits rapid population growth capability due to its biological predispositions.
Asaphes suspensus
Asaphes suspensus is a common aphid hyperparasitoid wasp (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) that attacks aphidiine primary parasitoids within mummified aphids. The species exhibits sophisticated host discrimination behavior, including self-discrimination that favors unparasitized hosts over self-parasitized ones, but notably lacks interspecific discrimination against competitors. It employs ovicidal behavior as a competitive strategy, physically destroying competitor eggs through distinctive concave puncture sites. This species has been recorded from multiple continents including Europe, South America, and North America.
Brachycaudus
Short-tailed Aphids
Brachycaudus is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, commonly known as short-tailed aphids. The genus contains approximately 43 species distributed worldwide, including significant agricultural pests such as B. helichrysi (peach leaf curl aphid) and B. rumexicolens. Species in this genus exhibit remarkable evolutionary lability in life cycle strategies, with transitions occurring between monoecy on woody hosts, heteroecy (host alternation), and monoecy on herbaceous plants. This flexibility contradicts the traditional assumption that aphids cannot regain primary woody hosts once lost.
Brachycaudus cardui
thistle aphid, plum-thistle aphid
Brachycaudus cardui is a heteroecious aphid species with a complex life cycle alternating between primary woody hosts (Prunus spp.) and secondary herbaceous hosts, primarily thistles and other Asteraceae. Wingless viviparous females are small (1.8–2.5 mm), oval to pear-shaped, and variable in color. The species is notable for causing leaf roll on Prunus and for transmitting plum pox virus, a serious agricultural pathogen. Colony establishment depends heavily on ant attendance.
Brachycaudus helichrysi
leaf curl plum aphid, leaf-curling plum aphid, peach leaf curl aphid
Brachycaudus helichrysi is a small aphid species first described by Kaltenbach in 1843. Molecular studies have revealed it comprises two cryptic sibling lineages, B. helichrysi H1 and H2, which are morphologically indistinguishable but genetically divergent and differ in life cycle strategies. H1 follows a typical heteroecious cycle with sexual reproduction on plum trees, while H2 consists largely of obligate asexual superclones with some sexual populations on peach trees in India.
Brachyunguis
Brachyunguis is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, established by Das in 1918. It belongs to the tribe Aphidini within the subfamily Aphidinae. The genus contains relatively few described species and has been documented from limited geographic regions.
Brachyunguis bonnevillensis
Brachyunguis bonnevillensis is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, first described by Knowlton in 1928. It belongs to the genus Brachyunguis, a group of aphids associated with woody hosts. The species is poorly documented in modern literature and lacks comprehensive biological study. Available records indicate it is a valid but rarely encountered taxon.
Braggia
Braggia is a genus of aphids (Aphididae: Aphidinae: Aphidini) described by Gillette & Palmer in 1929. Species in this genus are specialized feeders on buckwheat (Eriogonum spp., Polygonaceae) in western North America. The genus includes at least two recently described species: Braggia columbiana from Washington and Oregon, and Braggia longicauda from Washington, Oregon, and northern California. These aphids have been documented with associated parasitoid species, though specific taxa are not detailed in available sources.
Brevicoryne
Brevicoryne is a genus of aphids (family Aphididae) comprising approximately 10 described species, several of which are significant agricultural pests. The most economically important species, Brevicoryne brassicae (cabbage aphid), infests crops in the Brassicaceae family worldwide. Members of this genus are characterized by their association with cruciferous host plants and are known vectors of plant viruses including Turnip mosaic virus and Cauliflower mosaic virus.
Brevicoryne brassicae
cabbage aphid, cabbage aphis, mealy cabbage aphid
Brevicoryne brassicae, commonly known as the cabbage aphid, is a destructive agricultural pest native to Europe that has spread worldwide. The species feeds exclusively on plants in the family Brassicaceae, including cabbage, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, and other cultivated brassicas. Large colonies form on the undersides of young leaves and flower heads, causing significant yield losses through direct feeding damage and virus transmission. The aphid possesses a unique chemical defense mechanism, producing myrosinase enzyme and sequestering glucosinolates from host plants to release toxic mustard oil compounds when attacked.
Calaphidina
Calaphidina is a subtribe of aphids within the tribe Calaphidini and subfamily Calaphidinae, established by Oestlund in 1919. The group is currently treated as a synonym in modern taxonomic databases, indicating it has been merged with or subsumed under other taxonomic concepts. Members of this group are part of the diverse aphid fauna that feed on various host plants, though specific diagnostic features distinguishing this subtribe remain poorly documented in contemporary literature.
Calaphidini
Calaphidini is a tribe of aphids in the subfamily Calaphidinae, family Aphididae. The tribe comprises approximately 18 genera divided into two subtribes: Calaphidina and Monaphidina. Members are phloem-feeding insects associated primarily with woody host plants, particularly in the families Betulaceae and Salicaceae. The tribe was established by Oestlund in 1919 and is widely distributed across temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere.
Calaphis
Dark-veined Birch Aphids
Calaphis is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, established by Benjamin Dann Walsh in 1862. Members are commonly known as Dark-veined Birch Aphids. The genus occurs in Eurasia and North America, with species associated primarily with birch (Betula) hosts. At least three species are recognized, including C. betulicola, C. flava, and C. manitobensis.
Calaphis betulaecolens
Common American Birch Aphid
Calaphis betulaecolens, known as the Common American Birch Aphid, is an aphid species in the family Aphididae. It is associated with birch trees (Betula species), as indicated by its specific epithet. The species was first described by Fitch in 1851 and is native to North America. It belongs to the subfamily Calaphidinae, a group specialized on woody hosts in the birch family.
Calaphis betulella
Streaked River Birch Aphid
Calaphis betulella is an aphid species in the family Aphididae, commonly known as the Streaked River Birch Aphid. It belongs to the subfamily Calaphidinae and tribe Calaphidini. The species was described by Walsh in 1863. As a member of the genus Calaphis, it is associated with birch host plants.
Calaphis flava
Yellow Dark-veined Birch Aphid
Calaphis flava is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, first described by Mordvilko in 1928. It is commonly known as the Yellow Dark-veined Birch Aphid. The species has been recorded in parts of Europe including Belgium, Denmark, Norway, and the Azores (São Miguel). As a member of the genus Calaphis, it is associated with birch (Betula) host plants, though specific host records for this species are limited in the available sources.
Calaphis leonardi
Calaphis leonardi is an aphid species in the family Aphididae, subfamily Calaphidinae. The species was described by Quednau in 1971. Like other members of the genus Calaphis, it is likely associated with coniferous hosts, though specific host records for this species are not well documented in available literature.
Calaphis neobetulella
Blotched River Birch Aphid
Calaphis neobetulella is an aphid species described by Quednau in 1971, commonly known as the Blotched River Birch Aphid. It belongs to the genus Calaphis within the subfamily Calaphidinae. The species has been documented in very few iNaturalist observations, suggesting it may be uncommon, geographically restricted, or under-recorded. As a member of the Aphididae, it is a sap-feeding insect likely associated with birch host plants.
Callipterinella
Callipterinella is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, established by van der Goot in 1913. The genus contains three recognized species: C. calliptera, C. minutissima, and C. tuberculata. Species are distributed across Europe and North America. The genus belongs to the tribe Calaphidini within the subfamily Calaphidinae.
Callipterinella calliptera
Black-banded Birch Aphid
Callipterinella calliptera is an aphid species commonly known as the Black-banded Birch Aphid. It belongs to the family Aphididae and is associated with birch trees (Betula species). The species has been documented in parts of northwestern Europe including Belgium, Denmark, and Norway. It is a relatively infrequently recorded species with limited published ecological data.
Capitophorus
Capitophorus is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae containing more than 30 described species. Species within this genus are associated with specific host plants including Artemisia, Chrysothamnus, Fragaria, and Hippophae. Some species are known to transmit virus diseases to cultivated plants, particularly strawberries. The genus exhibits both sexual and asexual reproduction with viviparous parthenogenesis common during the growing season.
Capitophorus elaeagni
Thistle Aphid, Artichoke Aphid, Oleaster-Thistle Aphid
Capitophorus elaeagni is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, commonly known as the thistle aphid, artichoke aphid, or oleaster-thistle aphid. It is found in Europe, with distribution records also from the Azores (São Miguel), Brazil (Paraná, São Paulo), Czech Republic, Denmark, and Norway. The specific epithet 'elaeagni' suggests an association with plants in the genus Elaeagnus, though this relationship requires confirmation.
Capitophorus hippophaes
Polygonum Aphid
Capitophorus hippophaes is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, first described by Francis Walker in 1852 as Aphis hippophaes. It exhibits a heteroecious life cycle, alternating between primary hosts in the genera Hippophae and Elaeagnus (family Elaeagnaceae) and secondary hosts in the genera Persicaria and Polygonum (Polygonaceae). Native to Europe, it has established populations across multiple continents including North America, Oceania, and Asia. The species is commonly known as the polygonum aphid.
Capitophorus shepherdiae
Buffaloberry Oleaster Aphid
Capitophorus shepherdiae is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, described by Gillette & Bragg in 1916. It is commonly known as the Buffaloberry Oleaster Aphid, reflecting its association with plants in the genus Shepherdia (buffaloberry/oleaster). The species belongs to the genus Capitophorus, which comprises aphids often characterized by tuberculate heads and specific host plant relationships.
Carolinaia
Carolinaia is a genus of aphids (Aphididae) described by Wilson in 1911. The genus belongs to the subtribe Rhopalosiphina within the tribe Aphidini. Records from GBIF indicate it is treated as an accepted genus, though Catalogue of Life lists it as a synonym of Hysteroneura. The genus contains species associated with grass hosts.
Carolinaia howardii
Carolinaia howardii is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae. It belongs to the genus Carolinaia, a group of aphids associated with ferns and related plants. The species was described by Wilson in 1911. Very few observations of this species have been documented.
Carolinaia rhois
Sumac-Grass Aphid
Carolinaia rhois is an aphid species in the family Aphididae, commonly known as the Sumac-Grass Aphid. The species is associated with sumac (Rhus) as a primary host and grasses as secondary hosts, following the typical heteroecious life cycle of many aphids. Taxonomic records indicate some historical confusion regarding authorship, with both Monell (1879) and Tissot (1928) cited in different sources. The species has been documented through limited but verified observations, primarily in North America.
Catamergus
Catamergus is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, tribe Macrosiphini, established by Oestlund in 1923. It belongs to the diverse group of Sternorrhyncha, a suborder of Hemiptera characterized by piercing-sucking mouthparts. Members of this genus are small, soft-bodied insects that feed on plant sap. The genus is poorly documented in public sources, with limited species-level information available.
Catamergus kickapoo
Catamergus kickapoo is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, described by Hottes and Frison in 1931 from Kickapoo State Park, Illinois. It belongs to the tribe Macrosiphini and is one of the few species in the genus Catamergus. Very little is known about its biology or ecology.
Cavariella
Willow-Umbellifer Aphids
Cavariella is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, tribe Macrosiphini. It is distinguished from other Macrosiphini genera by a supra-caudal process on abdominal tergite VIII bearing two distal setae. The genus has a Holarctic distribution with approximately half its species occurring in Asia. Species in this genus exhibit a characteristic life cycle involving primary hosts in Salicaceae (willows) and secondary hosts in Apiaceae (umbellifers), making them economically significant as pests of carrot and other crops.
Cedoaphis
Cedoaphis is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, tribe Macrosiphini. It was established by Oestlund in 1923. The genus is part of the diverse Macrosiphini, one of the largest tribes of aphids, whose members are generally characterized by long siphunculi and association with herbaceous host plants.
Cerataphis
witch hazel aphid, palm aphid
Cerataphis is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, tribe Cerataphidini. The genus comprises approximately 10–12 described species distributed across tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Species in this genus are associated with host plants in the families Styracaceae (witch hazels), Arecaceae (palms), and Orchidaceae. Several species exhibit host alternation between primary hosts (Styrax species) and secondary hosts (palms or orchids). Some species are economically significant as pests of coconut, oil palm, and ornamental palms.
Cerataphis orchidearum
Fringed Orchid Aphid
Cerataphis orchidearum is an aphid species in the family Aphididae, commonly known as the fringed orchid aphid. It has been recorded on orchid hosts (Orchidaceae) and on Daemonorops lewisiana, a rattan palm. The species has been observed in association with yellow crazy ants (Anoplolepis gracilipes), which tend the aphids. Its distribution spans multiple continents, including Europe, Asia, Africa, the Americas, and Oceania.
Ceruraphis eriophori
Wayfaring Tree-sedge Aphid
Ceruraphis eriophori is an aphid species with a heteroecous life cycle involving host alternation between Viburnum species (primary hosts) and sedges or related plants (secondary hosts). In North America, it has been collected from curled leaves of Viburnum lantana and V. opulus in New Brunswick, and from V. opulus var. roseum in Colorado. The species also occurs in Europe, where secondary hosts include Carex, Eriophorum, Luzula, and Typha; in North America, Cyperus virens is the only reported secondary host. Activity peaks in spring and autumn on primary hosts.
Ceruraphis viburnicola
Snowball Aphid
An aphid species found in spring and autumn on Viburnum hosts in North America. It induces curled leaf galls on primary hosts. The secondary hosts remained unrecorded as of 1960. The apterous viviparous female was first described in a 1960 Canadian Entomologist paper.
Chaetosiphon
strawberry aphid
Chaetosiphon is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, comprising species specialized on Rosaceae hosts, particularly strawberries (Fragaria) and roses (Rosa). The genus includes economically significant agricultural pests, most notably Chaetosiphon fragaefolii, which vectors multiple strawberry viruses. Species in this genus exhibit complex life cycles with both holocyclic (sexual) and anholocyclic (parthenogenetic) populations, and show morphological variation in karyotype and chaetotaxy that has complicated taxonomic classification.
Chaetosiphon thomasi
American Hairy Rose Aphid
Chaetosiphon thomasi is an aphid species in the family Aphididae, commonly known as the American Hairy Rose Aphid. It was described by Hille Ris Lambers in 1953. The species belongs to a genus associated with feeding on Rosaceae plants, particularly roses and strawberries.
Chaitophorinae
Chaitophorinae is a subfamily of aphids in the family Aphididae, comprising approximately 12 genera and over 180 described species. The subfamily is divided into two tribes: Chaitophorini, associated with deciduous trees and shrubs, and Siphini, associated with grasses. Members are characterized by numerous body setae and are predominantly distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. The subfamily originated on Acer plants in eastern Asia during the Late Cretaceous to early Paleocene, with subsequent dispersals and host shifts driving diversification.
Chaitophorini
Chaitophorini is a tribe of aphids in the subfamily Chaitophorinae, established by Mordvilko in 1909. Members are generally associated with woody host plants, particularly in the families Salicaceae and Aceraceae. The tribe includes several genera, with Chaitophorus being the most diverse and well-known. These aphids are characterized by specific morphological features of the antennae and siphunculi that distinguish them from other aphid tribes.
Chaitophorus
Poplar aphids, Willow aphids
Chaitophorus is a genus of aphids comprising approximately 90–110 species distributed across North America, Europe, and Asia. Members are primarily associated with Salicaceae hosts, particularly Populus (poplars) and Salix (willows), though some species occur on Vitaceae, Apiaceae, and Asteraceae. The genus exhibits host-specificity, with species-level identification often requiring knowledge of the host plant due to subtle morphological differences. Multiple independent origins of ant mutualism have been documented within the genus.
Chaitophorus nudus
Chaitophorus nudus is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, described by Richards in 1966. It belongs to the genus Chaitophorus, a group of aphids commonly associated with woody plants in the family Salicaceae, particularly willows and poplars. As with other members of its genus, this species is likely a phloem-feeding specialist on its host plants. The species name 'nudus' (Latin for 'naked' or 'bare') may refer to morphological characteristics of the cuticle or reduced wax secretion.
Chaitophorus populifolii
Chaitophorus populifolii is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, described by Essig in 1912. It belongs to the subfamily Chaitophorinae, a group of aphids commonly associated with woody host plants, particularly in the Salicaceae family. The species name suggests an association with poplar foliage (Populus species). Like other members of its genus, it is presumed to feed on phloem sap using piercing-sucking mouthparts. Published records for this species are limited, with few documented observations.
Chaitophorus stevensis
Chaitophorus stevensis is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, first described by Sanborn in 1904. It belongs to the subfamily Chaitophorinae, a group of aphids commonly associated with woody hosts, particularly willows and poplars (Salicaceae). The species is poorly documented in published literature, with minimal observational records available. It is one of numerous species within the genus Chaitophorus, which comprises primarily North American and Palearctic aphids specialized on Salicaceae.
Chaitophorus viminalis
Chaitophorus viminalis is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, first described by Monell in 1879. It belongs to the subfamily Chaitophorinae, a group of aphids primarily associated with woody hosts in the family Salicaceae (willows and poplars). The species is documented in North American aphid fauna records and is characterized by its specialized association with willow hosts.
Chaitophorus viminicola
Chaitophorus viminicola is an aphid species in the subfamily Chaitophorinae, first described by Hille Ris Lambers in 1960. The specific epithet 'viminicola' refers to its association with willows (Salix viminalis and related species). It belongs to a genus specialized on Salicaceae, with most Chaitophorus species feeding on poplars and willows. Records indicate presence in the conterminous United States, though detailed biological studies remain limited.
Cinara costata
Mealy Spruce Aphid
Cinara costata is a large aphid species in the family Aphididae, commonly known as the Mealy Spruce Aphid. It feeds on conifers, particularly spruce (Picea spp.), and is native to Europe where it has been documented in Great Britain, Denmark, Belgium, and France. Like other Cinara species, it produces honeydew that attracts ants and wasps. The species was first described by Zetterstedt in 1828 from specimens collected in Scandinavia.
Cinara curvipes
Bow-legged Fir Aphid
Cinara curvipes is a large, black bark aphid native to North America that has become invasive in Central Europe since 2000. Adults measure 4.5–5.3 mm. The species exhibits remarkable life cycle flexibility, with populations capable of both holocyclic (sexual) and anholocyclic (parthenogenetic) reproduction. In its invaded range, it can form exceptionally large colonies of thousands of individuals by May—a phenomenon not observed in native European Cinara species. The aphid secretes copious honeydew throughout most of the year, supporting diverse insect communities.
Cinara fornacula
Large Green Spruce Aphid
Cinara fornacula is a large aphid species in the family Aphididae, commonly known as the Large Green Spruce Aphid. Like other members of the genus Cinara, it is associated with coniferous host plants, specifically spruce (Picea spp.). The species was described by Hottes in 1930. As with many Cinara aphids, it likely feeds on phloem sap and produces honeydew, though specific ecological studies on this species appear limited.
Cinara hottesi
Blue-black Spruce Aphid
Cinara hottesi is a species of conifer-feeding aphid in the family Aphididae, commonly known as the Blue-black Spruce Aphid. It belongs to the genus Cinara, which comprises large aphids specialized on conifers. The species is documented as a pest of spruce trees (Picea spp.) and has been recorded from North America.
Cinara laricifex
Black Larch Aphid
Cinara laricifex, commonly known as the Black Larch Aphid, is a conifer-feeding aphid in the family Aphididae. This species specializes on larch (Larix) as its host plant. Like other Cinara aphids, it possesses piercing-sucking mouthparts adapted to tap into the phloem of its host tree. The species is part of a genus that includes significant pests of Christmas tree production and forestry.
Cinara obscura
Dark Spruce Stem Aphid
Cinara obscura is a species of large aphid in the family Aphididae, commonly known as the Dark Spruce Stem Aphid. It is a conifer-feeding aphid that infests spruce trees (Picea species). Like other members of the genus Cinara, it possesses a long piercing-sucking beak adapted for tapping into phloem tissues. The species overwinters as eggs on host needles. It produces honeydew, which attracts ants and wasps and supports sooty mold growth.
Cinara pergandei
Globose Pine Aphid
Cinara pergandei is a large aphid species in the family Aphididae, commonly known as the Globose Pine Aphid. It feeds on coniferous trees, particularly pines, and produces copious amounts of honeydew that attracts wasps and other insects. Like other Cinara species, it has piercing-sucking mouthparts adapted for tapping into phloem sap. It is part of a genus containing numerous conifer-feeding aphids, many of which are significant pests in forestry and Christmas tree production.
Cinara pilicornis
spruce shoot aphid, brown spruce shoot aphid
Cinara pilicornis is a large aphid species specialized on spruce trees, particularly Norway spruce (Picea abies) and Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis). Native to Europe, it has been introduced to New Zealand and South Korea. The species produces melezitose, a trisaccharide sugar, and is associated with specific semiochemicals including nepetalactone compounds. It is attended by ants such as Formica polyctena and serves as a host for Entomophthora fungi, though it experiences low parasitism by the wasp Pauesia pini.
Cinara pinea
Large Pine Aphid
Cinara pinea, the Large Pine Aphid, is a specialized phloem-feeding insect that colonizes Pinus species, particularly Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). It exhibits distinctive seasonal population dynamics, with spring peaks driven by host plant amino acid availability, followed by summer declines during drought conditions and partial autumn recoveries after rainfall. The species overwinters as eggs laid on current-year needles, with approximately 50% egg mortality between oviposition and hatching. Winged morphs (alatae) are produced only during June and early July, contingent on both crowding and active host shoot growth.
Cinara strobi
White Pine Aphid
Cinara strobi, the white pine aphid, is a large aphid species specialized on white pine (Pinus strobus). It is notable for exceptionally high autumn populations that produce copious honeydew, attracting stinging wasps and creating nuisance conditions. The species exhibits parthenogenetic reproduction during the growing season, with live birth of nymphs accelerating population growth. Uniquely among Cinara aphids, C. strobi harbors three bacterial endosymbionts—Buchnera aphidicola, Sodalis sp., and Serratia symbiotica—representing an intermediate stage of symbiont replacement where the latter has become metabolically incompetent yet persists.
Colopha
Colopha is a genus of gall-forming aphids in the family Aphididae, first described by Monell in 1877. Species in this genus induce distinctive galls on host plants, most notably the elm cockscomb gall on American elm. The genus exhibits complex life cycles involving host alternation between woody plants and grasses, with both bisexual and unisexual reproductive strategies documented across species.
Colopha graminis
Colopha graminis is a gall-forming aphid in the family Aphididae, closely related to the well-studied elm cockscomb gall aphid Colopha ulmicola. Like other members of the genus Colopha, this species exhibits a complex life cycle involving host alternation and gall formation on its primary host, followed by migration to grass roots for summer feeding. The species was described by Monell in 1882 and belongs to the subfamily Eriosomatinae, a group characterized by their tendency to induce plant galls and their often elaborate seasonal host-switching behaviors.
Colopha ulmicola
Elm Cockscomb Gall Aphid
Colopha ulmicola is an aphid species that induces distinctive cockscomb-shaped galls on American elm leaves. It has a complex life cycle involving alternation between elm hosts and grass roots, with parthenogenetic reproduction within galls and sexual reproduction producing winged migrants that return to elm in autumn. The species is notable for its dramatic seasonal aerial migrations and its ability to manipulate plant development through chemical secretions.
Corylobium
Corylobium is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, established by Mordvilko in 1914. The genus is known from Europe, with distribution records from Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. At least one species, Corylobium avellanae, has been described. As members of Aphididae, these are sap-feeding insects.
Corylobium avellanae
Large Hazel Aphid
Corylobium avellanae, known as the Large Hazel Aphid, is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae. It is associated with hazel (Corylus species) as its primary host plant. The species has been recorded across parts of northwestern Europe including Belgium, Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. It belongs to the tribe Macrosiphini within the subfamily Aphidinae.
Ctenocallis
Ctenocallis is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, subfamily Calaphidinae. At least one species, C. setosa, has been documented as adventive in Japan, representing the first Asian record for a genus otherwise native to Europe. The genus is characterized by species associated with leguminous host plants.
Dendrocerus
Dendrocerus is a genus of megaspilid wasps in the family Megaspilidae, comprising more than 100 described species. Members of this genus are hyperparasitoids, primarily attacking aphid parasitoids in the family Braconidae (Aphidiinae), particularly Aphidius species. The genus is characterized by elaborate branched antennae and specialized morphological adaptations for host location and exploitation. Some species exhibit nocturnal activity patterns and unique extrication structures for emerging from hosts.
Diaeretiella
Diaeretiella is a monotypic genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Braconidae, subfamily Aphidiinae. The sole species, Diaeretiella rapae, is a cosmopolitan koinobiont endoparasitoid of aphids with documented occurrence in 87 countries. It has been recorded parasitizing approximately 98 aphid species across more than 180 plant species in 43 plant families, with particular association to cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae) on cruciferous crops. The genus is recognized as an important biological control agent in integrated pest management systems.
Drepanaphis
Painted maple aphids
Drepanaphis is a Nearctic genus of aphids comprising 18 species, all native to North America. These insects are narrow oligophages primarily associated with maple trees (Acer spp.), with one species (D. monelli) recorded on buckeye. The genus is characterized by distinct dorsal abdominal tubercles, very long antennae, and reduced leg chaetotaxy. Drepanaphis acerifoliae, the painted maple aphid, has the broadest distribution and is the only species introduced to Europe. Unlike many aphids, Drepanaphis species do not form dense colonies and are not attended by ants.
Drepanaphis acerifoliae
painted maple aphid
Drepanaphis acerifoliae, commonly known as the painted maple aphid, is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae. It is one of 16 species in the genus Drepanaphis, all native to North America. This species has the broadest geographic range among its congeners and is the only member of the genus known to have been introduced to Europe, where it has established populations in the Mediterranean region and beyond. Climate modeling suggests potential for further northward expansion in both North America and Europe over the coming decades.
Drepanaphis carolinensis
Drepanaphis carolinensis is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, subfamily Drepanosiphinae. It was described by Smith in 1941. The genus Drepanaphis is characterized by distinctive morphological features including a sickle-shaped cauda, from which the genus name derives. Like other aphids in this genus, D. carolinensis is likely associated with maple trees (Acer spp.) as host plants, though specific host records for this species are limited. The species name 'carolinensis' suggests a connection to the Carolinas region of the United States.
Drepanaphis idahoensis
Drepanaphis idahoensis is an aphid species in the family Aphididae, subfamily Drepanosiphinae. The species was described by Smith & Dillery in 1968. Like other members of its genus, it is a small, sap-sucking insect that feeds on host plants using piercing-sucking mouthparts. The genus Drepanaphis is characterized by certain morphological features of the antennae and siphunculi.
Drepanaphis keshenae
Drepanaphis keshenae is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, subfamily Drepanosiphinae. First described by Granovsky in 1931, this species belongs to a genus of aphids that are typically associated with maple trees (Acer spp.). The genus Drepanaphis is characterized by distinctive morphological features and life history traits tied to their host plant relationships. Like other members of its subfamily, D. keshenae is presumed to have complex life cycles involving both sexual and asexual reproduction phases, with host alternation potentially occurring between maple species.
Drepanaphis monelli
Drepanaphis monelli is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, originally described by Davis in 1909 under the basionym Phymatosiphum monelli. It belongs to the genus Drepanaphis, a group of aphids within the subfamily Drepanosiphinae. The species has been documented in at least two observations on iNaturalist. As with other members of its genus, it is likely associated with specific host plants, though detailed ecological studies remain limited.
Drepanaphis sabrinae
Drepanaphis sabrinae is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, subfamily Drepanosiphinae, described by Miller in 1937. The genus Drepanaphis belongs to a group of aphids commonly associated with maple trees (Acer spp.), though specific host associations for this species are not well documented. Like other aphids, it possesses piercing-sucking mouthparts for feeding on plant phloem. The species has been recorded in the Nearctic region with limited observational data available.
Drepanosiphinae
Drepanosiphinae is a Holarctic subfamily of aphids within Aphididae, comprising approximately 13 genera (8 extinct) and over 60 described species. The six extant genera—Drepanaphis, Drepanosiphoniella, Drepanosiphum, Megalosiphonaphis, Shenahweum, and Yamatocallis—exhibit strict host associations primarily with maple trees (Acer spp.). The subfamily is characterized by enlarged fore or mid femora and rastral spines on hind tibiae. Molecular phylogenetic studies confirm its monophyly and reveal complex endosymbiotic relationships with both Buchnera aphidicola and Sodalis-like bacteria in most species.
Drepanosiphum
sycamore aphids, maple aphids
A genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, primarily associated with maple trees (Acer). Species include economically significant pests such as the sycamore aphid (D. platanoidis), which has been extensively studied for its complex life cycle involving wing dimorphism, seasonal polyphenism, and host-dependent reproductive strategies. The genus exhibits sophisticated flight behavior correlated with body size and wing loading, and serves as a model system for studying aphid population dynamics and predator-prey interactions.
Drepanosiphum oregonensis
Dark-streaked Maple Aphid
Drepanosiphum oregonensis is a North American aphid species described by Granovsky in 1939, commonly known as the Dark-streaked Maple Aphid. It belongs to the genus Drepanosiphum, which comprises aphids specialized on maple (Acer) host plants. The species is currently recognized as a synonym of Drepanosiphum oregonense in some taxonomic treatments. Very few observations exist in biodiversity databases, suggesting it may be uncommon, undercollected, or restricted to specific geographic regions.
Drepanosiphum platanoidis
sycamore aphid, maple aphid
Drepanosiphum platanoidis is a small aphid species specialized on maple and sycamore trees (Acer species). It is one of the most abundant aphids on sycamore in Europe and has been introduced to other regions including New Zealand. The species is notable for its distinctive winged morphs and its role in temperate forest ecosystems. It reproduces parthenogenetically through most of the year, with sexual forms appearing in autumn.
Dysaphis
Dysaphis is a genus of aphids comprising over 100 species distributed across Europe, North America, and Australia. Species within this genus are primarily associated with dicotyledonous host plants, though some have been recorded on monocots. Several species are significant agricultural pests, particularly Dysaphis plantaginea (rosy apple aphid), which infests apple orchards. Like other aphids, Dysaphis species maintain an obligate nutritional symbiosis with the bacterium Buchnera, which enables them to subsist on phloem sap by synthesizing essential amino acids.
Ericaphis
blueberry aphids
Ericaphis is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, established by Börner in 1939. The genus includes species associated with Ericaceae, particularly Vaccinium species. Ericaphis fimbriata, the type species, is a significant pest of cultivated highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) in the Pacific Northwest of North America. Species in this genus exhibit typical aphid life cycles with both aperous and alate morphs, and are known vectors of plant viruses.
Ericaphis gentneri
Ericaphis gentneri is an aphid species described by Mason in 1947. It belongs to the genus Ericaphis, which is associated with ericaceous host plants. The species is part of the tribe Macrosiphini, a large group of aphids that includes many economically important and host-specific species. Like other Ericaphis species, it is presumed to feed on plants in the heath family (Ericaceae), though specific host records for this species are limited in available sources.
Eriosoma americanum
Woolly Elm Aphid
Eriosoma americanum, commonly known as the woolly elm aphid, is a North American aphid species that alternates between two host plants: American elm (Ulmus americana) and Saskatoon (Amelanchier alnifolia). The species produces distinctive woolly or cottony wax secretions that give it its common name. Heavy infestations on American elm cause leaf curling and produce visible dark patches and cottony masses. Like other aphids, it excretes honeydew while feeding on plant sap.
Eriosomatinae
Woolly Aphids, Gall-making Aphids
Eriosomatinae is a subfamily of aphids distinguished by filamentous waxy secretions that produce a cotton-like or woolly appearance. Members exhibit typically heteroecious holocyclic life cycles, alternating between primary and secondary host plants, with strong primary host plant specialization. Many species induce galls on primary hosts, particularly on Ulmaceae (elms, zelkovas), Salicaceae (poplars), and Anacardiaceae (sumacs). The subfamily contains three tribes: Eriosomatini, Fordini, and Pemphigini.
Eucallipterus tiliae
Linden aphid, Lime-tree aphid, Lime Leaf Aphid
Eucallipterus tiliae is a specialist aphid species feeding exclusively on Tilia (lime/linden) trees. Adults are readily identified by a black stripe along the body and cloudy-black wing edges. The species exhibits pronounced seasonal polyphenism in nymphal pigmentation, with first-generation nymphs always unpigmented and later generations developing black dorsal bands in response to crowding and leaf maturity. Flight behavior is density-dependent, with both direct crowding and plant-mediated cues stimulating dispersal. Native to Eurasia, it has established worldwide wherever host Tilia species occur.
Eucarazzia
Eucarazzia is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, tribe Macrosiphini. It was established by Del Guercio in 1921. The genus is relatively poorly documented in scientific literature compared to other aphid genera. Species within this genus are associated with specific host plants, though detailed biological studies remain limited.
Eucarazzia elegans
Mediterranean Mint Aphid
Eucarazzia elegans, commonly known as the Mediterranean Mint Aphid, is an aphid species in the family Aphididae. It has been documented in the Azores, Madeira, Brazil (São Paulo), and the conterminous United States. The species belongs to the tribe Macrosiphini and was first described by Ferrari in 1872. As a member of the Aphididae, it possesses the characteristic piercing-sucking mouthparts and complex life cycles typical of aphids, though specific biological details for this species remain limited in available sources.
Euceraphis gillettei
American Alder Aphid
Euceraphis gillettei, commonly known as the American Alder Aphid, is a North American aphid species in the family Aphididae. It belongs to the genus Euceraphis, which comprises aphids associated with alder trees (Alnus spp.). The species was described by Davidson in 1915 and is distinguished from its congener Euceraphis punctipennis primarily by geographic distribution and host preferences.
Euceraphis papyrifericola
Paper Birch Aphid
A host-specific aphid species described in 2002, distinguished from close relatives by morphometric differences and karyotype. Restricted to paper birch (Betula papyrifera). Part of a cryptic species complex previously grouped under E. betulae.
Euceraphis punctipennis
downy birch aphid, European birch aphid
Euceraphis punctipennis is a small green aphid species that feeds exclusively on downy birch (Betula pubescens). Adults are pale green with bluish wax particles, membranous wings, and long legs. The species reproduces parthenogenetically during spring and summer, with all adults being female. Population dynamics correlate with seasonal changes in host tree sap nutritional quality.
Eulachnini
Eulachnini is a tribe of aphids within the subfamily Lachninae, comprising approximately 27 species documented in Lithuania alone. Members are specialized phloem-feeders on coniferous plants, particularly Pinaceae. Several species produce substantial honeydew, with five noted as promising honeydew producers in Lithuanian forests. Only Cinara piceae has been identified as a potential forest pest, with documented damage to firs in nursery settings.
Eulachnus
Pine Needle Aphids
Eulachnus is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, comprising approximately 24 species distributed across Eurasia and the Americas. All species are obligately associated with pine trees (Pinus spp.), feeding on phloem sap from needles. Several species, including E. agilis, E. brevipilosus, and E. rileyi, have been introduced beyond their native European ranges and have become significant pests of commercial pine forestry. The genus exhibits parthenogenetic reproduction with multiple overlapping generations annually, and population dynamics are strongly influenced by seasonal climate patterns.
Greenidea psidii
Greenidea psidii is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, subfamily Greenideinae. It was described by van der Goot in 1917 and has been recorded in Brazil, Hawaii, and the continental United States. The species is associated with host plants in the genus Psidium, particularly Psidium guajava (guava) and Psidium cattleianum (strawberry guava). It has been recently detected as a non-native species in new geographic regions, raising interest in its potential as an emerging pest.
Grylloprociphilus
woolly beech aphid, boogie-woogie aphid, beech blight aphid
Grylloprociphilus is a genus of woolly aphids in the family Aphididae, established by Smith & Pepper in 1968. The genus contains at least one described species, G. imbricator, commonly known as the woolly beech aphid or boogie-woogie aphid. These aphids are notable for producing dense white waxy secretions that cloak host tree branches, and for their distinctive defensive behavior of synchronized posterior swaying when disturbed. The genus exhibits heteroecious holocyclic life cycles with host alternation between primary and secondary hosts.
Grylloprociphilus imbricator
Beech Blight Aphid, Woolly Beech Aphid, Boogie-Woogie Aphid
Grylloprociphilus imbricator, commonly known as the beech blight aphid or boogie-woogie aphid, is a small sap-feeding insect in the family Aphididae. It forms dense colonies on American beech trees (Fagus grandifolia), covering branches with thick blankets of fluffy white wax produced from specialized abdominal glands. The species exhibits a complex life cycle involving both beech and cypress hosts, with parthenogenetic reproduction on beech and root-feeding stages on cypress. When disturbed, colonies perform a distinctive synchronized swaying behavior that gives rise to their common name.
Gypsoaphis
Gypsoaphis is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, established by Oestlund in 1923. It belongs to the tribe Macrosiphini within the subfamily Aphidinae. The genus is poorly documented in public sources, with no observations recorded on iNaturalist and limited published information available regarding its biology or species composition.
Hamamelistes
Spiny Witch-Hazel Gall Aphid (for H. spinosus), Birch Blister Aphid (for H. betulinus)
Hamamelistes is a genus of gall-forming aphids in the tribe Hormaphidini, distributed disjunctly in eastern North America and Eurasia. Species in this genus induce pouch galls on host plants in the family Hamamelidaceae, particularly witch-hazel (Hamamelis spp.). Most species have host-alternating life cycles involving Hamamelis and birch (Betula spp.), though at least one species is presumed monoecious. The genus includes three described species: H. betulinus, H. cristafoliae, and H. spinosus, plus the recently described H. blackmani.
Hannabura
Hannabura is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, tribe Calaphidini, established by Matsumura in 1917. The genus is placed within the subfamily Calaphidinae, a group of aphids often associated with woody host plants. As with many aphid genera, species-level taxonomy and biology of Hannabura remain incompletely documented in accessible literature.
Hannabura alnosa
Hannabura alnosa is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, originally described as Calaphis alnosa by Pepper in 1950. It belongs to the subfamily Calaphidinae and tribe Calaphidini. The specific epithet "alnosa" suggests an association with alder (Alnus), though this relationship requires confirmation from primary sources.
Harmonia dimidiata
Greater Asian Lady Beetle
Harmonia dimidiata is a medium to large predaceous ladybird beetle (7.4–10 mm) native to southern Asia with introduced populations in North America. Adults display reddish-yellow elytra with black markings in a thirteen-spot pattern. The species is a voracious aphid predator with documented prey including Rhopalosiphum maidis, Aphis gossypii, Myzus persicae, and Aphis pomi. Temperature strongly influences its development, fecundity, and predatory capacity, with optimal performance at 24°C. Males produce yellow reflex blood containing harmonine as both chemical defense and nuptial gift during courtship.
Hayhurstia
Hayhurstia is a monotypic genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, containing the single species H. atriplicis. The genus is notable for its role in biological control research, as populations serve as reservoirs for parasitoids that have been used in pest management programs. It is associated with Chenopodium (goosefoot) plants in agricultural and urban environments.
Hayhurstia atriplicis
Chenopodium aphid, Saltbush Leaf-Fold Aphid
Hayhurstia atriplicis is a holocyclic, monoecious aphid species associated with Chenopodium host plants. It is considered economically indifferent but serves as a perennial reservoir for parasitoid species, particularly Diaretiella rapae and Ephedrus nacheri. These parasitoids have been utilized in biological control programs targeting other pest aphids, including Diuraphis noxia and Schizaphis graminum.
Hoplochaitophorus quercicola
Hoplochaitophorus quercicola is an aphid species in the family Aphididae, described by Monell in 1879. The species name quercicola (from Latin quercus "oak" + -cola "dweller") indicates an association with oak hosts. It belongs to the tribe Myzocallidini, a group of aphids predominantly associated with woody host plants. Published records of this species are sparse, with limited observational data available.
Hormaphidinae
Hormaphidinae is a subfamily of aphids (Aphididae) distinguished by complex life cycles involving gall formation on primary host plants and often host alternation. The subfamily includes three tribes—Cerataphidini, Hormaphidini, and Nipponaphidini—with approximately 50 genera distributed primarily in eastern and southeastern Asia, with some representatives in North America. Many species produce specialized sterile soldiers for colony defense and exhibit diverse gall morphologies, from simple leaf curls to elaborate multi-cavity structures.
Hormaphis
witch hazel aphids, palm aphids
Hormaphis is a genus of gall-forming aphids in the family Aphididae, containing at least three described species distributed mainly in eastern North America. The genus includes the witch hazel cone gall aphid (H. hamamelidis), which induces distinctive cone-shaped galls on witch hazel (Hamamelis virginiana). Species in this genus exhibit complex host plant manipulation, including alteration of host phenolic metabolism to create favorable gall environments. The life cycle involves a bet-hedging strategy where eggs hatch before host budbreak to ensure gall formation opportunities.
Hyadaphis coriandri
coriander aphid
Hyadaphis coriandri is a species of aphid specialized on coriander (Coriandrum sativum), where it is considered a major pest. It has been documented as a prey species for the ladybird beetle Menochilus sexmaculatus in laboratory biocontrol studies, though it supports predator development with reduced growth metrics compared to alternative aphid hosts. The species has a wide geographic distribution including parts of Asia, Europe (Madeira), and North America (Hawaii, conterminous United States).
Hyadaphis foeniculi
Fennel Aphid
Hyadaphis foeniculi is a cosmopolitan aphid species and major pest of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), native to Mediterranean regions and introduced to Brazil and other areas. Laboratory studies demonstrate strict thermal requirements: nymph development occurs only between 15-30°C, with 3°C and 33°C lethal. The species exhibits four nymphal instars with temperature-dependent development rates, completing the nymphal stage in 5 days at 30°C to 19 days at 15°C. Winged adults reproduce parthenogenetically, forming colonies inside fennel flowers during hot periods. The aphid vectors at least 12 plant viruses and produces honeydew that facilitates sooty mold growth, compounding crop damage.
Hyalopterus
Mealy Plum-Reed Aphids
Hyalopterus is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, commonly known as mealy plum-reed aphids. Species in this genus are cosmopolitan pests of stone fruit trees in the genus Prunus, causing damage through direct feeding and virus transmission. The genus has undergone recent taxonomic revision, with molecular and morphometric analyses supporting at least three distinct species: H. pruni, H. amygdali, and H. persikonus (the latter described in 2006). Species boundaries are strongly correlated with host-plant associations.
Hyalopterus pruni
Mealy Plum Aphid
Hyalopterus pruni, the mealy plum aphid, is a sap-feeding aphid in the family Aphididae with a cosmopolitan distribution. It exhibits a complex life cycle involving multiple generations of wingless adults followed by the production of winged migrants that disperse to secondary hosts. The species is notable for its waxy covering and seasonal host alternation between Prunus species and grasses or reeds.
Hyperomyzus
Currant-Daisy Aphids
Hyperomyzus is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, established by Börner in 1933. The genus comprises more than 20 described species, commonly known as Currant-Daisy Aphids. The best-studied species, Hyperomyzus lactucae (the sowthistle aphid), is a significant agricultural pest and plant virus vector. Members of this genus exhibit typical aphid characteristics including phloem-feeding habits and complex life cycles involving both sexual and asexual reproduction.
Hyperomyzus lactucae
Sowthistle Aphid, Blackcurrant-sowthistle Aphid
Hyperomyzus lactucae is a European aphid species in the family Aphididae, commonly known as the sowthistle aphid or blackcurrant-sowthistle aphid. The species exhibits a host-alternating life cycle, utilizing Sonchus species (sowthistles) as primary hosts and Ribes nigrum (blackcurrant) as a secondary host. It is a known vector of lettuce necrotic yellows virus and has been introduced to Australia as a pest of lettuce crops. Development, survival, and reproduction are strongly influenced by temperature and photoperiod, with faster development at higher temperatures within a range of approximately 12.5–24°C.
Hyperomyzus pallidus
Gooseberry-Sowthistle Aphid
Hyperomyzus pallidus is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, first described by Hille Ris Lambers in 1935. It is commonly known as the Gooseberry-Sowthistle Aphid, reflecting its association with host plants in the genera Ribes (gooseberries and currants) and Sonchus (sowthistles). The species exhibits the typical aphid life cycle with alternating hosts, though specific details remain incompletely documented. It has been recorded from parts of Europe and North America.
Hysteroneura setariae
Rusty Plum Aphid
Hysteroneura setariae is a cosmopolitan aphid species known primarily as the Rusty Plum Aphid. It feeds on grasses and fruit trees, with documented associations including Muhlenbergia capillaris and various Prunus species. The species has been recorded across six continents, with particularly dense populations observed in urban park settings in Japan. It serves as prey for generalist predators including Coccinella septempunctata.
Illinoia
Illinoia is a genus of aphids (Aphididae: Aphidinae: Macrosiphini) established by Wilson in 1910. The genus contains multiple economically and ecologically significant species, including the tuliptree aphid (I. liriodendri), a notable pest of ornamental Liriodendron tulipifera, and the blueberry aphid (I. pepperi). Species in this genus are phloem-feeding insects associated with specific host plants, with some having become invasive outside their native ranges.
Illinoia crystleae
Pale-streaked Honeysuckle Aphid
Illinoia crystleae is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, commonly known as the Pale-streaked Honeysuckle Aphid. It belongs to the genus Illinoia, which comprises aphids primarily associated with woody shrubs and trees. The species was described by Smith and Knowlton in 1939. Very few observations of this species have been documented, with only three records in iNaturalist, indicating it is either genuinely rare, underreported, or restricted to specific host plants or geographic regions.
Illinoia liriodendri
tuliptree aphid, tulip tree aphid
Illinoia liriodendri is a sap-feeding aphid native to eastern North America that specializes on tuliptree (Liriodendron tulipifera). It has become an invasive pest in Europe, where it was first recorded in the early 2000s and has since spread to multiple countries. The species exhibits a monoecic-holocyclic life cycle, with peak populations occurring in late spring. It is considered the most significant insect pest of tuliptree in urban landscapes, capable of reaching high densities that produce substantial honeydew and impact young trees.
Illinoia maxima
Green-striped Thimbleberry Aphid
Illinoia maxima is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, commonly known as the Green-striped Thimbleberry Aphid. It belongs to the genus Illinoia, a group of aphids associated with various host plants. Information about this species is limited, with only seven observations documented on iNaturalist. The specific epithet 'maxima' suggests relatively large size compared to congeners, though this has not been formally verified.
Illinoia morrisoni
Sequoia Aphid
Illinoia morrisoni is an aphid species in the family Aphididae, first described by Swain in 1918. The species is commonly known as the Sequoia Aphid. It has been recorded from Chile across multiple regions, with additional distribution records from Belgium (doubtful) and France. The species belongs to the genus Illinoia, which comprises aphids primarily associated with coniferous hosts.
Illinoia rubicola
Spot-winged Raspberry Aphid
Illinoia rubicola is an aphid species in the family Aphididae, commonly known as the Spot-winged Raspberry Aphid. The species was described by Oestlund in 1886. It is placed in the genus Illinoia, tribe Macrosiphini, and is associated with raspberry (Rubus) host plants. Taxonomic status varies between sources, with Catalogue of Life listing it as a synonym while GBIF and iNaturalist treat it as accepted.
Illinoia spiraecola
spirea aphid, green citrus aphid
Illinoia spiraecola is a medium-sized aphid species in the family Aphididae. It is primarily associated with Spiraea (spirea) as a host plant and has been documented as a pest of citrus in some regions. The species exhibits the typical aphid life cycle with both sexual and parthenogenetic generations, and produces alate (winged) dispersal morphs.
Kaltenbachiella
Kaltenbachiella is a genus of gall-forming aphids in the family Aphididae, subfamily Eriosomatinae. The genus was established by Schouteden in 1906 and contains at least three described species. Members of this genus are known for inducing closed galls on host plants and exhibit fine-scale genetic adaptation to individual host tree phenologies. The best-studied species, Kaltenbachiella japonica, demonstrates specialized coevolution with elm trees.
Lachninae
Giant Aphids
Lachninae is a subfamily of aphids (Aphididae) notable for containing some of the largest-bodied aphid species, commonly referred to as 'giant aphids.' Members are distinguished by greatly reduced or vestigial cornicles compared to other aphids. The subfamily exhibits a unique dual symbiotic system involving Buchnera and co-obligate secondary endosymbionts, primarily Serratia symbiotica, which compensates for riboflavin biosynthetic deficiencies in the primary symbiont. This group has been historically treated as a separate family (Lachnidae) by some authors. The subfamily includes economically significant species associated with coniferous and broadleaf trees.
Lachnini
Lachnini is a tribe within the aphid subfamily Lachninae, comprising relatively large-bodied aphids. Members feed on green and woody tissues of both coniferous and deciduous plants, with documented associations including Rosaceae, Salicaceae (Salix), and potentially Prunus. The tribe exhibits complex life cycles with high polymorphism and environmental plasticity. Lachnini is one of five recognized tribes in Lachninae and has been subject to recent phylogenetic revision alongside related groups Tuberolachnini and Tramini.
Lachnochaitophorus
Lachnochaitophorus is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, tribe Myzocallidini. It was established by Granovsky in 1933. Members of this genus are small, sap-feeding insects that infest woody plants. The genus is poorly documented in scientific literature, with limited species-level information available.
Leptoglossus
leaf-footed bugs
Leptoglossus is a genus of true bugs in the leaf-footed bug family Coreidae, tribe Anisoscelini. Species are characterized by leaflike dilations of the hind tibia, a diagnostic trait of the genus. The genus is distributed throughout the Americas, with some introduced populations in Europe and Asia. Several species are economically significant agricultural pests, notably L. occidentalis, which has become invasive in multiple continents.
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nchanmoss-bugarchaeorrhynchanfulgoromorphancicadomorphanmembracoidtreehopperleafhopperplanthopperpsyllidjumping-plant-lousewhiteflyaleyrodidscale-insectcoccoidmealybugaphidadelgidphylloxeransternorrhynchanthysanopteranthripspsocopteranbarklousebooklousephthirapteranlousesucking-lousechewing-lousemallophagananoplurandermapteranearwigblattodeancockroachtermiteisopteranmantodeanmantidphasmidstick-insectleaf-insectorthopterangrasshopperlocustkatydidcricketmole-cricketpygmy-mole-cricketcamel-cricketcave-cricketwetaensiferancaeliferangryllotalpidmyrmecophilidtettigoniidgryllidacrididpamphagidpneumoridlentulidtristirideumastacidproscopiidtridactylidtetrigidgrouse-locustpygmy-grasshopperplecopteranstoneflyembiopteranwebspinnerzorapteranangel-insectdictyopteranLiosomaphis
Liosomaphis is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae. The genus was established by Walker in 1868 and is currently recognized as valid, though some sources list it as a synonym of Elatobium. Species are recorded from Europe and North America, with distribution records from Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. The genus contains at least two described species: Liosomaphis atra and Liosomaphis berberidis.
Lipaphis
Crucifer Aphids
Lipaphis is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, commonly known as crucifer aphids. Species in this genus are specialized feeders on plants in the family Brassicaceae, with some species showing broader host ranges within dicotyledons. The genus includes economically significant pests such as Lipaphis erysimi (mustard aphid) and Lipaphis pseudobrassicae, which cause substantial yield losses in rapeseed, mustard, kale, and other cruciferous crops across multiple continents.
Lipaphis pseudobrassicae
Turnip Aphid
Lipaphis pseudobrassicae, commonly known as the turnip aphid, is a Brassicaceae-specialist aphid and significant agricultural pest. It exhibits high biotic potential with rapid population growth rates on host plants. The species shows better adaptation to high temperatures than some congeners, suggesting increasing relevance in warmer growing seasons and regions. It is a target for integrated pest management strategies and biological control programs.
Longicaudus
Longicaudus is a genus of aphids (family Aphididae) established by van der Goot in 1913. The genus belongs to the tribe Macrosiphini and contains at least two described species: Longicaudus cornutus and Longicaudus dunlopi. Species are recorded from Europe and North America.
Longicaudus trirhodus
Rose-Columbine Aphid
Longicaudus trirhodus, commonly known as the Rose-Columbine Aphid, is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae. It belongs to the genus Longicaudus, which is characterized by distinctive long caudal structures. The species has been documented in Europe (Denmark, Norway, Sweden) and the contiguous United States. As a member of the Macrosiphini tribe, it is likely associated with herbaceous host plants, though specific ecological details remain limited in available sources.
Longistigma
giant bark aphid
Longistigma is a genus of giant aphids in the family Aphididae, containing at least three described species. These are the largest aphids in North America, with Longistigma caryae (giant bark aphid) being particularly notable for its size. The genus was established by Wilson in 1909 based on the extremely long, slender stigma that extends around the end of the wing. Members of this genus feed on bark and are associated with trees including oak, hickory, walnut, and beech.
Longistigma caryae
Giant Bark Aphid
Longistigma caryae, commonly known as the giant bark aphid, is the largest aphid species native to the United States. First described in 1841 from pignut hickory in Massachusetts, this species was later placed in its own genus due to its distinctive extremely long, slender stigma that extends around the end of the wing. It feeds on the bark of hickory trees and has been documented across eastern and central North America.
Lysiphlebus
Lysiphlebus is a genus of small parasitoid wasps in the family Braconidae, subfamily Aphidiinae. Species in this genus are endoparasitoids of aphids, with females laying eggs inside aphid hosts where larvae develop and eventually emerge from mummified aphid remains. The genus exhibits remarkable reproductive diversity, including both sexual and asexual lineages, with some species capable of facultative sex. Several species, particularly L. testaceipes, are important biological control agents used in integrated pest management programs worldwide.
Macrosiphini
Macrosiphini is a large tribe of aphids within the subfamily Aphidinae, comprising over 200 genera and numerous species distributed worldwide. Members exhibit diverse life cycles, including both monoecious species that remain on herbaceous plants year-round and heteroecious species that alternate between woody primary hosts and herbaceous secondary hosts. The tribe includes many economically significant agricultural pests, such as Myzus persicae (green peach aphid) and Macrosiphum species. Host plant specificity varies considerably, with some species restricted to single host species and others feeding across multiple plant families.
Macrosiphoniella
Anthemid Aphids
Macrosiphoniella is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, comprising at least 150 described species. The genus was established by Giacomo del Guercio in 1911 and is classified within the tribe Macrosiphini. Species in this genus exhibit notable color polymorphism, with body colors ranging from green and red to white, orange, yellow, and intermediate forms. Several subgenera are recognized, including Asterobium, Ramitrichophorus, and Papillomyzus. The genus has been documented across Europe, Asia, and into North Africa.
Macrosiphoniella glabra
Shining Green Tarragon Aphid
Macrosiphoniella glabra, known as the Shining Green Tarragon Aphid, is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae. The species was described by Gillette and Palmer in 1928. It belongs to the genus Macrosiphoniella, a group of aphids associated with various host plants in the Asteraceae family. The specific epithet "glabra" refers to smooth or hairless characteristics, likely describing some aspect of the aphid's morphology. Very few observations of this species have been recorded, with only 5 documented observations in iNaturalist.
Macrosiphoniella ludovicianae
White Sage Aphid
Macrosiphoniella ludovicianae, known as the White Sage Aphid, is a specialist aphid species in the family Aphididae. It is documented from a limited number of observations and appears to be associated with white sage (Salvia apiana) and related Salvia species. The species was described by Oestlund in 1886.
Macrosiphoniella millefolii
Yarrow Aphid
Macrosiphoniella millefolii is an aphid species in the family Aphididae, commonly known as the Yarrow Aphid. It is a specialist herbivore associated with yarrow (Achillea millefolium) and related plants in the Asteraceae family. The species has a broad distribution across Europe and extends into parts of Asia, with two recognized subspecies.
Macrosiphoniella sanborni
Chrysanthemum Aphid, Brown Chrysanthemum Aphid
Macrosiphoniella sanborni, the chrysanthemum aphid, is a phloem-feeding aphid in the family Aphididae. It is an oligophagous pest specialized on Chrysanthemum species and a major economic threat to chrysanthemum cultivation. The species exhibits wing dimorphism, with alate (winged) and apterous (wingless) morphs showing distinct chemosensory gene expression profiles. It vectors chrysanthemum viruses including vein mottle virus and virus B.
Macrosiphoniella tanacetaria
Tansy Aphid
Macrosiphoniella tanacetaria is a small sap-sucking aphid that feeds on tansy (Tanacetum vulgare). Unlike some congeners, it is not attended by ants and produces minimal honeydew. Its gut physiology differs markedly from ant-attended aphids: it lacks significant oligosaccharide synthesis for osmoregulation, instead producing erlose as its primary honeydew sugar.
Macrosiphum badium
false Solomon's-seal aphid
Macrosiphum badium, known as the false Solomon's-seal aphid, is a species of aphid described in 2000 by Andrew Jensen. It is endemic to western North America and feeds on west coast species of Maianthemum. The species is characterized by its reddish brown to reddish green coloration and distinctive siphunculi with black tips.
Macrosiphum californicum
California Willow Aphid
Macrosiphum californicum is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae. Commonly known as the California Willow Aphid, this species belongs to the genus Macrosiphum, which contains many economically significant plant-feeding aphids. The species was described by Clarke in 1903. As with other aphids in this genus, it possesses piercing-sucking mouthparts adapted for feeding on plant phloem.
Macrosiphum clydesmithi
Macrosiphum clydesmithi is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, described by Robinson in 1980. It belongs to the genus Macrosiphum, a large group of aphids commonly known as potato aphids or rose aphids. The species is listed as a synonym in some sources but accepted in others, indicating taxonomic uncertainty. No specific biological or ecological information has been documented for this species in the available literature.
Macrosiphum coryli
American Hazelnut Aphid
Macrosiphum coryli is an aphid species in the family Aphididae, commonly known as the American Hazelnut Aphid. It is a specialist feeder associated with plants in the genus Corylus (hazelnuts). The species was described by Davis in 1914 and is currently accepted as valid, though it has been placed in the subgenus Neocorylobium within Macrosiphum by some treatments. It belongs to a genus of aphids that includes several economically significant species affecting agricultural crops.
Macrosiphum creelii
Western Vetch Aphid
Macrosiphum creelii is an aphid species in the family Aphididae, first described by Davis in 1914. It is commonly known as the Western Vetch Aphid and is associated with alfalfa (Medicago sativa) as a primary host plant. The species has been studied for its temperature-dependent survival and reproduction patterns.
Macrosiphum euphorbiae
potato aphid
Macrosiphum euphorbiae, commonly known as the potato aphid, is a polyphagous sap-sucking insect in the family Aphididae. It is a globally significant agricultural pest, particularly of potato (Solanum tuberosum), tomato, lettuce, and numerous other crops across more than 20 plant families. The species exhibits complex life cycle strategies including host alternation between primary (Rosa spp.) and secondary hosts, cyclical parthenogenesis in North America, and obligate asexual reproduction in UK populations. It vectors multiple plant viruses including potato leaf roll virus, potato virus Y, and tomato yellow top virus. The aphid demonstrates notable phenotypic plasticity with green and pink color morphs, and possesses distinctive antipredator behaviors including dropping from host plants followed by tonic immobility.
Macrosiphum gaurae
Beeblossom Aphid
Macrosiphum gaurae, commonly known as the beeblossom aphid, is an aphid species endemic to North America. It is distinguished by its unique coloration, including a brilliant rose pink form that is unique among North American aphids. The species is closely associated with evening primrose and beeblossom plants as its primary hosts. Its distribution spans from the east to west coasts of North America, though it becomes increasingly rare in the Pacific Northwest region from British Columbia to Oregon.
Macrosiphum impatientis
Green Jewelweed Aphid
Macrosiphum impatientis is an aphid species in the family Aphididae, first described by Williams in 1911. It is commonly known as the Green Jewelweed Aphid, indicating an association with jewelweed plants (Impatiens species). The species belongs to the genus Macrosiphum, a large group of aphids that feed on a variety of host plants. As with other Macrosiphum species, it likely possesses the characteristic long siphunculi and antennal tubercles typical of the genus.
Macrosiphum kiowanepus
Macrosiphum kiowanepus is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae. It belongs to the genus Macrosiphum, a large group of aphids commonly known as potato aphids or rose aphids. The species is known from a single observation record, indicating it is likely rare or poorly documented.
Macrosiphum mentzeliae
blazingstar aphid
Macrosiphum mentzeliae is an aphid species in the family Aphididae, first described by Wilson in 1915. The species is known by the common name 'blazingstar aphid', likely referencing an association with plants in the genus Mentzelia (blazingstars). It belongs to the large genus Macrosiphum, which contains numerous aphid species that feed on various host plants. Very few observations of this species have been recorded, with only a single observation documented on iNaturalist. The species is currently listed as a synonym in the Catalogue of Life, suggesting taxonomic uncertainty or consolidation with another taxon.
Macrosiphum olmsteadi
Northern Green Aster Aphid
Macrosiphum olmsteadi is an aphid species in the family Aphididae, described by Robinson in 1965. It is commonly known as the Northern Green Aster Aphid. Like other members of the genus Macrosiphum, it belongs to a group of aphids characterized by their relatively large size and long siphunculi. The species is placed in the tribe Macrosiphini, which includes many economically important aphid pests of agricultural crops.
Macrosiphum oregonense
Western Skunk-cabbage Aphid
Macrosiphum oregonense is an aphid species described by Jensen in 2000. It belongs to the large genus Macrosiphum within the family Aphididae. The species is commonly known as the Western Skunk-cabbage Aphid, indicating an association with skunk-cabbage plants (Lysichiton species). As a member of the Macrosiphum genus, it shares characteristics with other large aphids in this group, including long antennae and typically having both winged and wingless morphs. The species has been documented through limited observations, with only 3 records in iNaturalist as of the data cutoff.
Macrosiphum parvifolii
Waxy red-huckleberry aphid
Macrosiphum parvifolii is an aphid species in the family Aphididae, first described by Richards in 1967. The species has been assigned the common name "Waxy red-huckleberry aphid" on iNaturalist, though no observations of this species have been recorded on that platform. As a member of the genus Macrosiphum, it belongs to a group of aphids commonly known as "large aphids" or "macrosiphum aphids," many of which are associated with woody plants. The species name "parvifolii" (from Latin "parvus" small + "folium" leaf) suggests an association with small-leaved host plants.
Macrosiphum pseudocoryli
American Hophornbeam Aphid
Macrosiphum pseudocoryli is an aphid species in the family Aphididae, described by Patch in 1919. It is commonly known as the American Hophornbeam Aphid, indicating a likely association with hophornbeam (Ostrya species) as a host plant. The species belongs to the large genus Macrosiphum, which contains numerous aphid species associated with various woody and herbaceous plants.
Macrosiphum ptericolens
Bracken Aphid
Macrosiphum ptericolens, commonly known as the Bracken Aphid, is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae. It was described by Patch in 1919. The species has been recorded from several European countries including the Czech Republic and Great Britain, though some records are marked as doubtful. Like other members of the genus Macrosiphum, it is likely associated with herbaceous host plants.
Macrosiphum rosae
Rose Aphid
Macrosiphum rosae, the rose aphid, is a cosmopolitan pest of cultivated roses. Wingless adults are spindle-shaped, 1.7–3.6 mm long, and variable in color from green to pink to reddish-brown. The species is distinguished from similar aphids by its long, tapered, black siphunculi. It exhibits complex life cycle strategies including both holocyclic (sexual) and anholocyclic (asexual) populations depending on climate. In temperate regions, it alternates between rose primary hosts and secondary hosts such as teasel and valerian; in milder climates like South Australia and Iran, populations remain anholocyclic on roses year-round. The species is a significant horticultural pest causing aesthetic damage through flower and foliage distortion, honeydew production, and sooty mold development.
Macrosiphum rudbeckiarum
Macrosiphum rudbeckiarum is an aphid species in the family Aphididae, originally described by Cockerell in 1903. It belongs to the large genus Macrosiphum, which comprises numerous aphid species associated with diverse host plants. The specific epithet 'rudbeckiarum' indicates an association with Rudbeckia species, suggesting a host relationship with plants in this genus. The species is currently accepted in taxonomic databases, though detailed biological information appears limited in published literature.
Macrosiphum salviae
Black Sage Aphid
Macrosiphum salviae, commonly known as the Black Sage Aphid, is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae described by Bartholomew in 1932. The species belongs to the genus Macrosiphum, a diverse group of aphids that includes several economically important agricultural pests. The specific epithet 'salviae' suggests an association with plants in the genus Salvia (sage), indicating a likely host relationship with sage species. The species has been documented through 38 observations on iNaturalist.
Macrosiphum tuberculaceps
sweet-after-death aphid
Macrosiphum tuberculaceps is an aphid species endemic to the Pacific Northwest region of North America. It is commonly known as the sweet-after-death aphid due to its exclusive association with its host plant, sweet-after-death (Achlys triphylla). The species exhibits distinctive morphological features including antennae longer than its teardrop-shaped body, short siphunculi inflated at the base with blackish tips, and legs longer than the body length. Its highly specialized host relationship makes it a notable example of monophagy among aphids.
Macrosiphum violae
Macrosiphum violae is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, described by Jensen in 2000. As a member of the genus Macrosiphum, it belongs to a group of aphids characterized by long siphunculi and typically associated with herbaceous host plants. The specific epithet "violae" suggests a potential association with Viola species (violets), though this host relationship has not been explicitly documented in the provided sources. The species is recognized as valid in GBIF and listed as a synonym in the Catalogue of Life.
Macrosiphum willamettense
Macrosiphum willamettense is an aphid species in the family Aphididae, described by Jensen in 2000. As a member of the genus Macrosiphum, it belongs to a group of aphids commonly known as 'large aphids' or 'macrosiphum aphids,' many of which are significant agricultural pests. The specific epithet 'willamettense' refers to the Willamette region, likely indicating its type locality in the Willamette Valley of Oregon, USA. Like other Macrosiphum species, it possesses the characteristic long siphunculi (cornicles) that distinguish this genus from many other aphid genera.
Macrosiphum zionense
Resplendent Lupin Aphid
Macrosiphum zionense is an aphid species described by Knowlton in 1935. It belongs to the genus Macrosiphum, a group of aphids commonly associated with leguminous and other host plants. The species is known by the common name Resplendent Lupin Aphid, suggesting an association with lupin plants (Lupinus). Like other members of its genus, it likely possesses the typical aphid characteristics of piercing-sucking mouthparts and complex life cycles involving both sexual and parthenogenetic reproduction.
Maculolachnus
Maculolachnus is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, established by Gaumont in 1920. Species in this genus are specialized feeders on woody plants in the family Rosaceae, particularly Rosa species. The genus has been documented in Europe, Northern America, and South Korea, with recent integrative taxonomic studies revealing previously unrecognized species diversity in East Asia.
Melanaphis
sugarcane aphid
Melanaphis is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, first described by van der Goot in 1917. The genus includes species that are significant agricultural pests, particularly of sorghum and sugarcane. Melanaphis sacchari (sugarcane aphid) has become one of the most damaging insect pests of grain and forage sorghum in the United States since its first recorded occurrence on sorghum in Texas in 2013. Members of this genus are characterized by their parthenogenetic reproduction, rapid population growth, and production of honeydew.
Melanaphis bambusae
Waxy Bamboo Aphid
Melanaphis bambusae is a bamboo-feeding aphid species in the family Aphididae, commonly known as the Waxy Bamboo Aphid. It is a documented pest of bamboo forests with economic and ecological significance, particularly in regions where bamboo cultivation occurs. The species has been studied for its microbiome interactions with entomopathogenic fungi, specifically Conidiobolus obscurus, which causes natural population mortality. Research indicates that infection by this fungus and starvation stress both significantly alter the aphid's bacterial and fungal community composition.
Melanaphis donacis
Giant Reed Aphid
Melanaphis donacis, commonly known as the Giant Reed Aphid, is an aphid species in the family Aphididae. The species was first described by Passerini in 1861 under the basionym Aphis donacis. It is part of the genus Melanaphis, which includes other economically significant aphid species such as the sugarcane aphid (M. sacchari). Records indicate presence on several islands of the Azores archipelago.
Melanocallis
Melanocallis is a genus of aphids (Aphididae: Calaphidinae) established by Oestlund in 1923. The genus includes species associated with pecan (Carya illinoinensis) and related hickories. Melanocallis caryaefoliae, the black pecan aphid, is the best-known species and a documented pest of commercial pecan orchards.
Melanocallis caryaefoliae
Black Pecan Aphid
Melanocallis caryaefoliae, commonly known as the black pecan aphid, is a specialized pest of pecan trees (Carya illinoinensis). Among aphid species attacking pecans, it produces the most severe foliar symptoms and achieves the highest mean density on susceptible cultivars. While feeding, it injects a toxin that causes bright yellow lesions between leaf veins, which subsequently turn brown and die. Premature defoliation from heavy infestations reduces nut fill and can diminish the following year's production. Unlike yellow pecan aphids, M. caryaefoliae is considered more destructive even at low densities, with economic thresholds as low as three aphids per compound leaf.
Melaphis
staghorn sumac aphid
Melaphis is a genus of woolly aphids in the family Aphididae, subtribe Melaphidina. The genus contains at least three cryptic species in North America: Melaphis rhois (the staghorn sumac aphid), Melaphis asafitchi, and Melaphis minuta. These aphids are notable for inducing galls on sumac and exhibiting ovoviviparity in sexual females.
Melaphis asafitchi
Melaphis asafitchi is a North American aphid species in the subtribe Melaphidina, described in 2018 following molecular and morphometric analysis that revealed cryptic species diversity within what was previously considered Melaphis rhois. It is one of at least three sympatric cryptic melaphidine species on the continent. The species exhibits ovoviviparity in sexual females, a notable reproductive trait among aphids.
Metopolophium
Metopolophium is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae. Species in this genus are found in Eurasia, Australia, and North America. Several species are significant agricultural pests of cereal crops, particularly M. dirhodum (rose-grain aphid) and M. festucae (fescue aphid). The genus exhibits typical aphid life cycles with alternation between woody primary hosts (Rosa species) and herbaceous secondary hosts (Poaceae).
Metopolophium dirhodum
rose-grain aphid, rose-grass aphid
Metopolophium dirhodum is a globally distributed aphid species with a heteroecious life cycle alternating between rose (Rosa) as primary host and grasses, particularly cereal crops, as secondary hosts. It is a significant agricultural pest and vector of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), causing yield reductions in wheat, barley, oats, and rye. The species exhibits wing dimorphism with both apterous and alate morphs, and shows genetic variability in host plant adaptation among populations.
Micromus angulatus
brown lacewing
Micromus angulatus is a predatory brown lacewing (Hemerobiidae) distributed across Africa, Europe, Northern Asia (excluding China), North America, and Southern Asia. Both larvae and adults are active predators of aphids and other small soft-bodied insects, with third-instar larvae and female adults showing particularly high predation rates. The species has been extensively studied as a biological control agent against agricultural pests including Aphis craccivora, Illinoia lambersi, and Myzus persicae. Laboratory studies demonstrate temperature-dependent predation efficiency, with stable adult performance across 15–25°C and enhanced larval activity at warmer temperatures. A chromosome-level genome assembly of 1.29 Gb has been published, supporting its potential for augmentative biological control programs.
Microparsus
Microparsus is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, established by Patch in 1909. It belongs to the tribe Macrosiphini within the subfamily Aphidinae. The genus is part of the diverse aphid fauna of North America, with species recorded primarily from western regions. As with other aphids in this tribe, members likely possess relatively long siphunculi and are associated with host plants in the Asteraceae family.
Microparsus olivei
Microparsus olivei is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, described by Smith & Tuatay in 1960. It belongs to the tribe Macrosiphini, a group of aphids characterized by long antennae and siphunculi. The genus Microparsus contains species associated with various host plants, though specific ecological details for M. olivei remain poorly documented. The species is recognized in taxonomic databases including GBIF and iNaturalist, though observations are extremely limited.
Microparsus tephrosiae
Microparsus tephrosiae is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, described by Smith in 1948. The genus Microparsus is small and poorly documented, with few species records. Observations of this species are extremely rare, with only two records in iNaturalist. It belongs to the tribe Macrosiphini, which includes many aphids associated with specific host plants.
Microparsus variabilis
Desmodium Aphid
Microparsus variabilis is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, first described by Patch in 1909. It is commonly known as the Desmodium Aphid, reflecting its association with plants in the genus Desmodium. As a member of the Sternorrhyncha suborder, it possesses piercing-sucking mouthparts adapted for feeding on plant phloem. The species belongs to the genus Microparsus, which is classified within the tribe Macrosiphini.
Microsiphoniella
Microsiphoniella is a genus of aphids within the family Aphididae, tribe Macrosiphini. Established by Hille Ris Lambers in 1947, it comprises small, sap-sucking insects that feed on vascular plants. The genus is poorly documented in public sources, with no observations recorded in major biodiversity platforms. As a member of the Macrosiphini, it likely shares the tribe's characteristic of having relatively long siphunculi compared to other aphid groups.
Mindarinae
Mindarinae is a small subfamily of aphids within the family Aphididae, established by Tullgren in 1909. The subfamily is characterized by distinctive morphological features that separate it from other aphid subfamilies. It includes the genus Mindarus, which contains species associated with coniferous trees.
Mindarus
balsam twig aphid
Mindarus is a genus of conifer-feeding aphids in the family Mindaridae, commonly known as balsam twig aphids. Species in this genus are specialized phloem feeders on fir trees (Abies spp.), where they cause needle discoloration, shoot deformation, and reduced aesthetic quality. Several species are significant economic pests in Christmas tree plantations, particularly M. abietinus on balsam fir and M. pinicola on Fraser fir. The genus exhibits a holocyclic life cycle with overwintering eggs, spring fundatrices, and summer parthenogenetic generations.
Mindarus abietinus
Balsam Twig Aphid, Fir Shoot Aphid
Mindarus abietinus is an economically significant pest of fir Christmas trees, particularly in commercial plantations of Fraser fir (Abies fraseri) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea). The aphid causes leaf curling and shoot stunting of new foliage, reducing aesthetic quality and marketability despite having minimal impact on tree health and vigor. Temperature influences colony growth rates, with warmer conditions in late spring and early summer favoring higher population densities. The species has a holocyclic life cycle with precise seasonal timing tied to host phenology.
Monaphis
Monaphis is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, established by Walker in 1870. The genus belongs to the tribe Calaphidini within the subfamily Calaphidinae. Species in this genus are associated with birch trees (Betula spp.) as host plants. The genus is distributed across northern Europe and parts of Asia.
Monaphis antennata
Solitary Birch Aphid
Monaphis antennata is an aphid species in the family Aphididae, commonly known as the Solitary Birch Aphid. It is a specialist feeder on birch trees (Betula spp.) and is distinguished from most other aphids by its solitary rather than colonial lifestyle. The species was described by Kaltenbach in 1843 and occurs across parts of Europe.
Monellia
Blackmargined aphid, Yellow pecan aphid
Monellia is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, native to North America. The genus includes notable pecan pest species, particularly Monellia caryella (blackmargined aphid) and Monellia costalis (yellow pecan aphid). These aphids feed on phloem sap from pecan and hickory trees, causing direct damage through sap removal and indirect damage via honeydew production that supports sooty mold growth. The genus is subject to significant biological control pressure from diverse natural enemy communities including lacewings, lady beetles, parasitoid wasps, and entomopathogenic fungi.
Monellia caryella
Blackmargined Pecan Aphid, Black Margined Aphid
Monellia caryella, commonly known as the blackmargined pecan aphid, is a small sap-feeding insect and significant pest of pecan (Carya illinoinensis) orchards in North America. Adults are distinguished by a prominent black stripe along the outer margin of their wings, which are held flat over the body. Populations typically increase from June to August, then decline after approximately three weeks; outbreaks on most cultivars usually subside without causing measurable damage, though the 'Cheyenne' cultivar is notably susceptible. The species is subject to substantial mortality from entomopathogenic fungi, particularly during autumn when environmental conditions favor fungal growth.
Monelliopsis
yellow pecan aphid
Monelliopsis is a genus of aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in the subfamily Calaphidinae, established by Richards in 1965. The genus contains species that are specialized feeders on pecan (Carya illinoinensis), with Monelliopsis pecanis being the most economically significant species. These aphids are known as 'yellow pecan aphids' and are important pests of commercial pecan production in North America. They have piercing-sucking mouthparts and produce honeydew, which supports sooty mold growth. The genus is distinguished from the related Monellia by morphological and behavioral characteristics.
Monelliopsis pecanis
Yellow Pecan Aphid
Monelliopsis pecanis, commonly known as the yellow pecan aphid, is a sap-feeding insect in the family Aphididae that specializes on pecan (Carya illinoinensis). It is one of two primary 'yellow' or 'honeydew' aphid species affecting pecan production, distinguished from the blackmargined aphid (Monellia caryella) by its roof-like wing posture and lack of a black marginal stripe on the wings. Outbreaks typically occur later in the growing season than those of M. caryella and can cause significant defoliation, reduced nut yield, and quality degradation. The species reproduces parthenogenetically during spring and summer, with sexual forms appearing in autumn to produce overwintering eggs.
Monoctonina
Monoctonina is a subtribe of aphid parasitoid wasps within the subfamily Aphidiinae (Braconidae). Members are small parasitic wasps that develop within aphid hosts, eventually killing them. The subtribe includes genera such as Monoctonus and Falciconus, with species documented from high-elevation mountain habitats in Europe and Asia.
Mordwilkoja
Mordwilkoja is a genus of gall-forming aphids in the family Aphididae, subfamily Pemphiginae. Species in this genus induce galls on host plants and exhibit defensive behaviors against predators. The genus has been used as an outgroup in molecular studies of social behavior evolution in related aphid genera.
Mordwilkoja vagabunda
Poplar Vagabond Aphid
A gall-forming aphid that induces distinctive galls on Populus deltoides (eastern cottonwood). Nymphs exhibit anti-predator behaviors including synchronized rhythmic movements and active defense against pyralid moth larvae using legs and rostrums. Unlike some related aphids, defensive nymphs include alatoid forms rather than specialized first-instar soldiers. The species has a complex life cycle with alternation between primary and secondary hosts.
Myzaphis rosarum
Lesser Rose Aphid
Myzaphis rosarum is a small aphid species in the family Aphididae, commonly known as the Lesser Rose Aphid. It colonizes Rosa species and various trees, occurring on both wild and cultivated plants. The species serves as prey for aphidophagous predators including Hippodamia convergens, and has been documented as a suitable host supporting predator development in laboratory studies. It is distinguished from congeners by specific morphological characters.
Myzocallidina
Myzocallidina is a subtribe of aphids within the family Aphididae, established by Börner in 1942. It is currently treated as a synonym in modern taxonomic databases. The subtribe belongs to the tribe Myzocallidini in the subfamily Calaphidinae, a group of aphids primarily associated with woody host plants. The subtribe classification reflects historical attempts to organize the diverse aphid fauna based on morphological and biological characteristics.
Myzocallis
Oak and Chestnut Aphids
Myzocallis is a genus of aphids (Aphididae) comprising over 40 species with diverse host associations. Species feed on woody plants including oaks (Quercus), chestnuts (Castanea), hazelnuts (Corylus), myrtle (Myrica), and milkweeds (Apocynaceae). The genus exhibits host-specificity at the species level, with some taxa restricted to single host genera. Several species are minor agricultural pests, particularly of hazelnut and chestnut. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution with notable diversity in the Palearctic region.
Myzocallis agrifolicola
California Oak Aphid
Myzocallis agrifolicola is a species of oak-feeding aphid described by Richards in 1966. It is the type species for the subgenus Californicallis within the genus Myzocallis (Aphididae: Calaphidinae). The species is associated with oak trees (Quercus) in western North America, particularly California.
Myzocallis asclepiadis
Common Milkweed Aphid
Myzocallis asclepiadis is an aphid species in the family Aphididae, first described by Monell in 1879. The species epithet 'asclepiadis' indicates a host association with milkweeds (Asclepias). Taxonomic placement has been debated, with some sources treating it under the genus Neomyzocallis. It is commonly known as the Common Milkweed Aphid and has been documented in citizen science observations.
Myzocallis bella
Myzocallis bella is an aphid species in the family Aphididae, subfamily Calaphidinae, originally described by Walsh in 1863. The species has undergone taxonomic revision, with some sources listing it as a synonym of Lineomyzocallis bella, while others recognize it as valid under Myzocallis. As a member of the Myzocallidini tribe, it belongs to a group of aphids typically associated with woody host plants, particularly in the Fagaceae family.
Myzocallis castaneae
Chestnut Gay Louse
Myzocallis castaneae is an aphid species in the family Aphididae, commonly known as the Chestnut Gay Louse. It is a specialist feeder on Castanea species, including American chestnut (Castanea dentata) and related chestnut trees. The species was first described by Fitch in 1856. Like other aphids, it feeds by piercing plant tissue and extracting phloem sap.
Myzocallis coryli
Hazel Aphid, Filbert Aphid
Myzocallis coryli, commonly known as the hazel aphid or filbert aphid, is a specialist phloem-feeding aphid that exclusively infests species of the genus Corylus (hazelnuts). Native to Europe, it has established populations in North America and was first recorded in Tasmania in 2019 as a recent introduction. The species is a significant agricultural pest in hazelnut orchards, particularly in Oregon and Turkey, where heavy infestations can stunt nut development and reduce commercial viability. Population dynamics are strongly temperature-dependent, with optimal development around 22°C and decline above 25°C.
Myzocallis discolor
Eastern dusky-winged oak aphid
Myzocallis discolor is an aphid species in the family Aphididae, commonly known as the eastern dusky-winged oak aphid. The species has undergone taxonomic revision, with some sources placing it in the genus Neomyzocallis. It is associated with oak hosts (Quercus species). The species was first described by Monell in 1879 under the basionym Callipterus discolor.
Myzocallis granovskyi
Longtailed oak aphid
Aphid species in the genus Myzocallis, described by Boudreaux and Tissot in 1962. Taxonomic placement has been revised, with some sources placing it in the genus Lineomyzocallis. Known from limited observations; biological details remain poorly documented.
Myzocallis meridionalis
Hamburger oak aphid
Myzocallis meridionalis is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, first described by Granovsky in 1939. The species has been reclassified under the genus Lineomyzocallis in some taxonomic treatments, though it remains listed under Myzocallis in other sources. Commonly known as the Hamburger oak aphid, it is associated with oak trees (Quercus species). The species has been documented through 33 research-grade observations on iNaturalist as of the available data.
Myzocallis punctatus
Myzocallis punctatus is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, currently treated as a synonym of Neomyzocallis asclepiadis. The specific epithet 'punctatus' refers to spotted or punctured appearance. As a member of the Calaphidinae subfamily and Myzocallidini tribe, it belongs to a group of aphids associated with woody host plants. The taxonomic status indicates this name is no longer accepted as valid, having been synonymized under a different genus.
Myzocallis tuberculata
Tuberculate oak aphid
Myzocallis tuberculata is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, described by Richards in 1965. The species has been synonymized under the genus Neomyzocallis in some taxonomic treatments, reflecting ongoing revisions within the Myzocallis complex. It is known by the common name "Tuberculate oak aphid," indicating an association with oak host plants. The species belongs to the tribe Myzocallidini, a group of aphids predominantly associated with Fagaceae, particularly oaks (Quercus).
Myzus
Myzus is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae with cosmopolitan distribution, originally native to the Old World. The genus contains economically significant pest species, most notably Myzus persicae (green peach aphid), which is a major vector of plant viruses affecting crops worldwide. Species in this genus exhibit complex life cycles involving host alternation between primary woody hosts and secondary herbaceous hosts. Several Myzus species have been extensively studied for their role in agricultural pest management and virus transmission.
Myzus cerasi
black cherry aphid, cherry blackfly
Myzus cerasi, commonly known as the black cherry aphid or cherry blackfly, is a phloem-feeding aphid native to Europe that has become cosmopolitan in distribution. The species exhibits complex host alternation between primary hosts (Prunus cerasus and Prunus avium) and secondary hosts (Galium and Veronica species). Two host-specific subspecies are recognized: M. c. cerasi on sour cherry and M. c. pruniavium on sweet cherry, distinguished by mitochondrial COI haplotypes and subtle morphological differences. The species is a significant agricultural pest of cherry orchards, forming dense colonies that cause leaf curling and damage to new growth.
Myzus lythri
loosestrife aphid
Myzus lythri is a specialized aphid species that feeds exclusively on purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria). It has been used as an indicator species to track the distribution and spread of this invasive weed in North America. Suction trap surveys in Idaho demonstrated that aphid collection patterns successfully predicted undocumented purple loosestrife populations, representing a novel application of insect survey data for weed documentation.
Myzus persicae
green peach aphid, greenfly, peach-potato aphid
Myzus persicae is a globally distributed aphid pest with a life cycle alternating between primary woody hosts (Prunus spp., especially peach) and secondary herbaceous hosts across 40 plant families. The species exhibits cyclical parthenogenesis in most populations, with sexual reproduction and egg-laying restricted to autumn on primary hosts. It is the most economically important aphid vector of plant viruses, capable of transmitting over 100 different viruses to crops including potato, tobacco, and brassicas. Some genotypes have lost sexual reproduction entirely, becoming obligate parthenogens that persist year-round on secondary hosts.
Nasonovia aquilegiae
Dark-spot Columbine Aphid
Nasonovia aquilegiae is an aphid species in the family Aphididae, described by Essig in 1917. It is commonly known as the Dark-spot Columbine Aphid, indicating an association with columbine plants (Aquilegia). The species belongs to the genus Nasonovia, which includes several economically significant agricultural pests.
Nearctaphis
Nearctaphis is a genus of aphids (Aphididae: Macrosiphini) established by Shaposhnikov in 1950. The genus comprises 13 species and two subspecies in North America, including species formerly classified under the genus Roepkea. Host plants, life cycles, and morphological forms of all species remain poorly documented. Additional field collections and host transfer experiments are needed to clarify the biology of this genus.
Nearctaphis bakeri
Short-beaked Clover Aphid
Nearctaphis bakeri is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, first described by Cowen in 1895. It is commonly known as the Short-beaked Clover Aphid. The species belongs to the Nearctic genus Nearctaphis, which is placed in the tribe Macrosiphini. Records indicate a disjunct distribution pattern with populations reported from both European localities (Yugoslavia, Albania, Belgium, Switzerland) and the Azorean island of São Miguel.
Neomyzus circumflexus
Crescent-marked lily aphid, Mottled arum aphid
Neomyzus circumflexus is a polyphagous aphid species known by two common names reflecting its association with lilies and arums. It is a significant greenhouse and ornamental pest, feeding on phloem sap and transmitting plant viruses. The species exhibits temperature-dependent immune responses to parasitoids and has been extensively studied for its nutritional physiology, including artificial diet requirements and symbiont dependencies.
Neophyllaphis podocarpi
Podocarpus Aphid
Neophyllaphis podocarpi is an aphid species in the subfamily Neophyllaphidinae, known as the podocarpus aphid. It is specialized on Podocarpus species (Podocarpaceae), a genus of coniferous trees. The species was first described from Japan in 1920 and has since been recorded in multiple regions including Hawaii, Italy, the Azores, and the Iberian Peninsula. Its spread appears linked to horticultural trade of host plants.
Neoprociphilus
Neoprociphilus is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, subfamily Pemphiginae. The genus was established by Patch in 1912. The best-known species, Neoprociphilus aceris, has been studied for its life history and morphology. Members of this genus are associated with maple trees (Acer).
Neosymydobius
American Oak-twig Aphids
Neosymydobius is a small genus of aphids comprising six described Nearctic species. All species are exclusively associated with oak trees (Quercus spp.), feeding on twigs and branches. The genus was established by Baker in 1920 and is classified within the subfamily Calaphidinae and tribe Myzocallidini.
Neosymydobius albasiphus
White-cornicled Oak Aphid
Neosymydobius albasiphus is a North American aphid species originally described by Davis in 1914. It belongs to a small genus of six species associated with oak trees (Quercus spp.). The species has been redescribed in taxonomic revision of the genus. Common name refers to distinctive white cornicles.
Neotoxoptera
Neotoxoptera is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, comprising at least seven described species. The genus is best known for N. formosana, the onion aphid, a significant agricultural pest of Allium crops. Species in this genus are oligophagous, specializing on plants in the Allium genus, and are distributed across Asia, North America, South America, Europe, Oceania, and Africa.
Neotoxoptera formosana
Onion Aphid
Neotoxoptera formosana is an oligophagous aphid pest specialized on Allium crops, originally described from Taiwan in 1921 and now distributed globally. It causes severe economic losses to Allium agriculture, particularly Allium tuberosum in China, through direct feeding damage and as a vector for plant viruses including garlic latent potyvirus and alstroemeria mosaic potyvirus. The species exhibits temperature-sensitive population dynamics with optimal reproduction at 20°C, and employs specific olfactory cues—particularly sulfur compounds like diallyl disulphide and dipropyl trisulphide—to locate host plants.
Obtusicauda
Obtusicauda is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, tribe Macrosiphini, established by Soliman in 1927. Species in this genus are small, soft-bodied sap-feeding insects. As members of the Macrosiphini, they possess long antennae and cornicles (siphunculi) on the abdomen. The genus includes species associated with specific host plants, though detailed biological information remains limited.
Oestlundiella
Oestlundiella is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, subfamily Calaphidinae. The genus was established by Granovsky in 1930 and belongs to the tribe Calaphidini. It is part of the diverse aphid fauna associated with woody host plants. The genus remains poorly documented in public sources, with limited species-level information available.
Oestlundiella flava
Oestlundiella flava is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, first described by Davidson in 1912. It belongs to the subfamily Calaphidinae and tribe Calaphidini. As with other aphids, it possesses piercing-sucking mouthparts adapted for feeding on plant sap. The specific epithet 'flava' (Latin for yellow) likely refers to its coloration. Available records indicate it is a rarely documented species with limited observational data.
Ovatus crataegarius
Hawthorn-Mint Aphid
Ovatus crataegarius, commonly known as the Hawthorn-Mint Aphid, is an aphid species in the family Aphididae. Its taxonomic status is marked as doubtful or ambiguous synonym in major databases, with some sources suggesting it may be synonymous with Ovatus mentharius. The species has been recorded from the Azores islands and parts of Brazil.
Pachypappa
Pachypappa is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, first described by Koch in 1856. The genus is currently considered valid, though some sources list it as a synonym of Cornaphis. Species are distributed across Europe and North America, with confirmed records from Denmark, Norway, and Sweden.
Pachypappa pseudobyrsa
Pachypappa pseudobyrsa is a North American aphid species in the family Aphididae, subfamily Pemphiginae. It belongs to a genus of root-feeding aphids associated with poplar and cottonwood trees (Populus spp.). The species was described by Benjamin Walsh in 1863 and is part of a taxonomically complex group of gall-forming and free-living aphids with alternating generations between tree hosts and secondary hosts.
Pachypappa sacculi
Aspen leaf-pocket aphid
Pachypappa sacculi, commonly known as the aspen leaf-pocket aphid, is a gall-forming aphid species in the family Aphididae. It induces distinctive pocket-like galls on leaves of aspen and related poplar species. The species belongs to the subfamily Pemphiginae, which includes many aphids that form complex plant galls. Observations on iNaturalist indicate it is documented across multiple regions where host trees occur.
Panaphidina
Panaphidina is a subtribe within the aphid tribe Panaphidini, family Aphididae. It was established by Oestlund in 1923 and is currently treated as a synonym in modern taxonomic databases. The subtribe encompasses certain aphid genera historically grouped together based on morphological similarities. Members belong to the subfamily Calaphidinae, a diverse group of aphids found primarily in the Northern Hemisphere.
Panaphis
Panaphis is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, subfamily Calaphidinae. The best-known species, Panaphis juglandis, is a destructive pest of walnut trees (Juglans spp.) and forms mutualistic associations with tending ants. Ants protect these aphids from predators such as lady beetles in exchange for honeydew. The genus has been documented in parts of Europe including Denmark, Norway, and Sweden.
Panaphis juglandis
Walnut Aphid, Large Walnut Aphid
Panaphis juglandis, the large walnut aphid, is a phloem-feeding pest of walnut trees (Juglans regia). It colonizes exclusively the upper (adaxial) surface of walnut compound leaves, forming dense colonies along the main vascular veins of the outer leaflets. Native to the Old World (Central Asia and southeastern Europe), it has spread across Europe and was introduced to California in the early 20th century. The species reduces tree vigor, nut yield, and quality, and excretes honeydew that promotes sooty mold growth. It forms mutualistic relationships with ant species that tend and protect colonies from predators.
Parasyrphus
Bristleside Flies
Parasyrphus is a genus of hoverflies (Syrphidae) comprising 31 described species distributed across the Holarctic region. Adults are small to medium-sized (5.6–11 mm) with characteristic yellow abdominal markings. The genus exhibits notable larval trophic diversity: most known larvae are aphid predators on trees, while at least two species (P. nigritarsis and P. melanderi) are specialist predators of leaf beetle eggs and larvae. This dietary specialization is unusual among syrphid flies and involves sophisticated chemical ecology where predators exploit prey defensive secretions as foraging cues.
Patchiella
Patchiella is a genus of aphids in the subfamily Pemphiginae, established by Tullgren in 1925. The genus is distinguished by its obligate association with Tilia species, where colonies form distinctive "leaf nests" by folding and binding leaves together. Members exhibit host alternation, migrating between Tilia (primary host) and Araceae (secondary host) seasonally. The genus includes P. kolokasia, recently documented from South Korea, expanding its known range from China and Japan.
Patchiella kolokasia
Patchiella kolokasia is a gall-forming aphid in the subfamily Pemphiginae. It forms distinctive leaf nests on Tilia species and exhibits host alternation, with Araceae serving as secondary hosts. The species was described from China in 1999 and has since been recorded from Japan and, more recently, South Korea. This represents the first documentation of the genus Patchiella on the Korean Peninsula.
Pemphigini
Pemphigini is a tribe of gall-forming aphids within the subfamily Pemphiginae. The tribe comprises two subtribes: Prociphilina, which typically induces pseudo-galls on leaves, and Pemphigina, which forms both pseudo-galls and true galls at various locations on host plants including leaf-petiole joints, petiole midpoints, and branches. Molecular phylogenetic studies indicate that Pemphigina is monophyletic, though the monophyly of Pemphigini as a whole is not supported. Gall morphology in this group appears to have evolved from open pseudo-galls to closed galls, with progressive relocation to more protected positions on the host plant.
Pemphigus
Poplar Leaf-stem Gall Aphids
Pemphigus is a genus of gall-forming aphids in the family Aphididae, commonly known as poplar leaf-stem gall aphids. Species in this genus are specialized herbivores that induce distinctive galls on poplar (Populus) and related host plants. The genus is notable for its complex life cycles involving alternation between primary woody hosts and secondary herbaceous hosts, with some species remaining entirely on roots of secondary hosts. Pemphigus species are frequently confused with other root-feeding aphids in agricultural and horticultural contexts.
Pemphigus bursarius
lettuce root aphid, poplar gall aphid
Pemphigus bursarius is a host-alternating aphid with a heteroecious life cycle involving Populus species as primary hosts and Asteraceae (particularly lettuce) as secondary hosts. On poplars, it forms flask-shaped leaf-stalk galls in spring; on secondary hosts, it lives subterraneanly feeding on roots. The species exhibits unusual flexibility in its life cycle, with some populations capable of asexual overwintering in soil without returning to the primary host. It is an economically significant pest of lettuce crops and shows genetically distinct host-associated populations.
Pemphigus knowltoni
Pemphigus knowltoni is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, described by Stroyan in 1970. It belongs to the genus Pemphigus, a group of aphids commonly known as gall aphids or poplar gall aphids due to their habit of inducing gall formation on host plants. The species is part of the subfamily Pemphiginae, which contains many species with complex life cycles involving host alternation between primary woody hosts (typically poplars in the genus Populus) and secondary herbaceous hosts. Very little specific information about P. knowltoni has been published in the accessible literature.
Pemphigus populicaulis
Poplar Leaf-base Gall
Pemphigus populicaulis is a gall-forming aphid species that induces distinct galls at the leaf bases of poplar trees. As a member of the genus Pemphigus, it exhibits the typical life cycle of root-gall aphids, alternating between primary hosts (Populus species) and secondary hosts (often roots of herbaceous plants). The species was described by Fitch in 1859 and is widely distributed across North America. It is frequently referenced in historical literature on gall aphids but has been subject to taxonomic confusion with related Pemphigus species.
Pemphigus populiglobuli
poplar bullet gall aphid
Pemphigus populiglobuli is a Nearctic aphid species known for forming bullet-shaped galls on poplar leaves during its primary generation. The Svalbard High Arctic population represents a remarkable secondary generation that has lost its primary host association and adapted to year-round root-feeding on grasses. Molecular analyses confirmed these specimens belong to P. populiglobuli rather than the historically assumed P. groenlandicus. The study proposes synonymizing P. groenlandicus and its subspecies crassicornis under P. populiglobuli based on morphometric similarity across Arctic and European populations.
Pemphigus populiramulorum
Poplar Twig Gall Aphid
Pemphigus populiramulorum is a gall-forming aphid in the family Aphididae, known from poplar (Populus) hosts. It induces distinctive twig galls on its primary host. The species has a complex life cycle involving host alternation, though specific secondary host details are not well documented in available sources. It has been confused with other root-feeding Pemphigus species in informal literature.
Pemphigus populitransversus
poplar petiole gall aphid, cabbage root aphid
Pemphigus populitransversus is a gall-forming aphid that induces distinctive fleshy galls on the petioles of poplar leaves. The species exhibits a complex life cycle involving alternation between primary hosts (Populus species) and secondary hosts in the Brassicaceae family. On poplars, females induce green or red galls up to 14 mm in diameter at leaf bases, where they lay eggs; a slit in the gall allows aphid exit. On Brassica hosts, the aphid forms root galls. Adults are small (1.6–2.6 mm) and morphologically distinct from other aphids in lacking abdominal cornicles and having relatively short antennae and legs.
Pemphigus populivenae
Sugarbeet Root Aphid
Pemphigus populivenae is a root-feeding aphid in the family Aphididae, commonly known as the Sugarbeet Root Aphid. It belongs to the genus Pemphigus, which comprises gall-forming and root-feeding aphids primarily associated with poplar (Populus) species as primary hosts. The species has been historically documented in North America since the mid-19th century. Like other Pemphigus species, it exhibits a complex life cycle involving host alternation between poplar trees and secondary herbaceous hosts.
Pemphigus tartareus
Pemphigus tartareus is a North American aphid species in the family Aphididae, described by Hottes and Frison in 1931. It belongs to the genus Pemphigus, which comprises root-feeding aphids often associated with gall formation or subterranean development on host plants. The species has been historically confused with other root-infesting aphids in agricultural and horticultural contexts, particularly in discussions of "root aphid" pests.
Pentalonia
Pentalonia is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, established by Coquerel in 1859. The genus contains at least four recognized species distributed across tropical and subtropical regions. Pentalonia nigronervosa, the banana aphid, is the most extensively studied species due to its role as the primary vector of Banana Bunchy Top Virus (BBTV), a devastating disease of banana crops worldwide. Recent morphometric and molecular studies have clarified that P. nigronervosa and P. caladii are distinct cryptic species with different host plant preferences.
Periphyllus
Periphyllus Aphids, maple aphids
Periphyllus is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, subfamily Chaitophorinae, containing more than 40 described species. Species in this genus are primarily associated with maple trees (Acer spp.), though some feed on related host plants such as Koelreuteria. Many species exhibit complex life cycles with polymorphic forms including viviparous females, aestivating dimorphs, and sexual morphs. Several species are invasive pests outside their native ranges, spreading with ornamental host plants.
Periphyllus californiensis
California maple aphid, Japanese maple aphid
Periphyllus californiensis is an invasive aphid species native to East Asia (Japan, China, Korea, Taiwan, Russian Far East) that has established populations in North America, Australia, New Zealand, and Europe. It is a specialist feeder on maple trees (Acer spp.), with documented hosts including Acer palmatum, A. japonicum, A. amoenum, and numerous other maple species. The species exhibits complex phenological synchrony with host trees, producing distinct larval morphs—non-summer-diapause larvae on unexpanded leaves and summer-diapause (aestivating) dimorphs on expanded leaves—based on host plant nutritional quality rather than genetic generation. High mortality (>99.9%) of summer dimorphs has been observed, with survivors resuming activity in autumn. The species has been recorded in Poland since 2009 and spreads via ornamental maple trade.
Periphyllus lyropictus
Norway Maple Aphid
Periphyllus lyropictus is a specialist aphid species feeding exclusively on Norway maple (Acer platanoides). It possesses a distinctive di-symbiotic bacterial system involving Buchnera aphidicola and Serratia symbiotica as co-obligate nutritional endosymbionts. The S. symbiotica strain in this species exhibits a highly invasive phenotype with bacterial motility due to complete flagellum expression, contrasting with the strictly compartmentalized symbiont arrangement found in related aphid species. The two symbionts metabolically complement each other for biosynthesis of essential amino acids and B vitamins.
Periphyllus negundinis
Box Elder Aphid
A North American aphid species specialized on box elder trees. Forms dense colonies on leaves and stems, often becoming conspicuous due to honeydew production and associated sooty mold. The species was first described in 1878 and remains a common, well-documented member of the aphid genus Periphyllus.
Periphyllus testudinaceus
Common Maple Aphid
Periphyllus testudinaceus, known as the Common Maple Aphid, is a sap-feeding insect in the family Aphididae. It is associated with maple trees (Acer species) and has been documented across parts of Europe. The species exhibits typical aphid morphology with soft bodies and piercing-sucking mouthparts adapted for extracting plant fluids.
Phorodon
Phorodon is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae containing at least two economically significant species: Phorodon humuli (damson-hop aphid) and Phorodon cannabis (cannabis aphid). The genus exhibits host specialization, with P. humuli feeding on hop (Humulus lupulus) and P. cannabis restricted to hemp and cannabis (Cannabis sativa). Both species are recognized agricultural pests in their respective cropping systems. P. humuli has been extensively studied for insecticide resistance mechanisms involving elevated esterase activity, while P. cannabis has emerged as a concern in the expanding North American hemp industry following legalization.
Phorodon cannabis
Cannabis Aphid, Hemp Aphid
Phorodon cannabis is a monophagous aphid pest specialized on hemp (Cannabis sativa), causing significant damage in field and greenhouse cultivations. Native to Eurasia and North Africa, it was first detected in North America in 2016 and has since spread to multiple U.S. states and Canada. The species feeds on phloem sap, causing plant wilting, yellowing, and yield reduction, and transmits Cannabis Streak Virus. Optimal development occurs at 25°C, with mild abiotic stress paradoxically stimulating reproduction via hormesis.
Phyllaphis
woolly beech aphids
Phyllaphis is a genus of woolly aphids in the family Aphididae, established by Koch in 1856. The genus comprises at least four described species, with Phyllaphis fagi and P. grandifoliae commonly known as woolly beech aphids. Species in this genus are associated with beech trees (Fagus spp.) and exhibit complex life cycles with multiple generations per growing season. The genus has been subject to taxonomic revision, with some species historically placed in related genera such as Tamalia.
Phyllaphis fagi
Woolly Beech Aphid
Phyllaphis fagi, the woolly beech aphid, is a small sap-sucking insect that lives exclusively on beech trees (Fagus species). It produces dense white to bluish-white wax threads that give colonies a distinctive woolly appearance. The species has a complex life cycle involving both winged and wingless forms, with up to ten generations per year in favorable conditions. Native to Europe, it has been introduced to several other regions including North America, Australia, and New Zealand, where it can become a significant pest in beech forests and nurseries.
Pleotrichophorus
Pleotrichophorus is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, tribe Macrosiphini, established by Börner in 1930. The genus contains species distributed across Europe, Southeastern Asia, and North America. P. glandulosus, described from Germany, serves as the type species. Molecular phylogenetic analyses place Pleotrichophorus within Macrosiphini sensu stricto.
Pleotrichophorus gnaphalodes
Pleotrichophorus gnaphalodes is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, described by Palmer in 1938. It belongs to the genus Pleotrichophorus, a group of aphids associated with Asteraceae host plants. The species has been documented in limited observations, with records available through iNaturalist. Like other members of its genus, it likely specializes on particular host plants within its family.
Plocamaphis flocculosa
Large Waxy Willow Aphid
Plocamaphis flocculosa is a large aphid species known for its conspicuous waxy covering. It is specialized on willows (Salix species) and produces dense flocculent wax secretions that give it a distinctive woolly appearance. The species is native to North America and has been introduced to parts of Europe, where it has established populations. Its common name directly references the characteristic waxy filaments that coat the body.
Polistes dominula
European Paper Wasp
Polistes dominula is a highly successful invasive social wasp native to Eurasia that has established populations across North America, South America, New Zealand, South Africa, and other regions. First detected in North America near Boston in 1978, it has become one of the most abundant wasps on the continent. The species builds small, exposed paper nests in protected locations and preys primarily on live insects, particularly caterpillars. Unlike yellowjackets, it does not scavenge for meat or sugar. Its rapid spread has been attributed to ecological flexibility, superior competitive ability, and tolerance of human-altered environments.
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Woolly Aphids
Prociphilus is a genus of woolly aphids in the family Aphididae, subfamily Eriosomatinae, comprising approximately 50 species. These aphids are notable for inducing gall formation on host plants, within which they reside and feed. The genus exhibits complex life cycles including host alternation and polyphenism, with multiple distinct morphs adapted to different hosts and conditions. Several species have documented mutualistic relationships with ants, and some display remarkable seasonal phenomena such as the mass emergence of Prociphilus oriens in Japan, which is culturally associated with the first snowfall.
Prociphilus caryae
hickory woolly aphid
Prociphilus caryae, the hickory woolly aphid, is a species of woolly aphid in the family Aphididae. Like other members of the genus Prociphilus, this species is characterized by dense white waxy secretions that cover the body, giving it a distinctive woolly appearance. The species is associated with hickory trees (Carya spp.) as its primary host. Woolly aphids in this genus are known for complex life cycles that typically involve host alternation between a primary woody host and secondary herbaceous hosts, though specific details for P. caryae are not well documented in available sources.
Prociphilus fraxinifolii
leafcurl ash aphid
Prociphilus fraxinifolii, commonly known as the leafcurl ash aphid, is a species of woolly aphid in the family Aphididae. It is a specialist feeder on ash (Fraxinus) species, causing characteristic leaf curl damage to host plants. Like other members of the genus Prociphilus, it produces dense white waxy secretions that give colonies a distinctive woolly appearance. The species has been documented in parts of Europe including Serbia, Bulgaria, Hungary, and Poland, with observations also recorded in North America.
Prociphilus tessellatus
Woolly Alder Aphid, Maple Blight Aphid
Prociphilus tessellatus, commonly known as the woolly alder aphid, is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae. It is notable for producing dense white, waxy filaments that cover its body, giving it a distinctive woolly or cloud-like appearance. The species has been observed forming colonies on alder (Alnus) species, including European alder (Alnus glutinosa). It serves as prey for various predators, including the Asian lady beetle (Harmonia axyridis). The waxy secretions are believed to provide protection against predators and environmental conditions.
Protaphis
Protaphis is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, established by Börner in 1952. The genus includes species that are agricultural pests, with at least one species (Protaphis middletonii) known to infest millets. Records indicate presence in parts of Europe.
Protaphis middletonii
Corn Root Aphid
Protaphis middletonii is an aphid species in the family Aphididae, described by Thomas in 1879. It is commonly known as the Corn Root Aphid. The species is recognized as a pest of millets and other cereal crops. It has been documented in Brazil and is represented by limited but confirmed observations.
Protopterocallis
Protopterocallis is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, established by Richards in 1965. It belongs to the tribe Panaphidini within the subfamily Calaphidinae. The genus is poorly documented in scientific literature, with limited species descriptions and biological data available. Observations of this genus are rare, with only a handful of records in biodiversity databases.
Pseudasiphonaphis
Pseudasiphonaphis is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, established by Robinson in 1965. It belongs to the tribe Rhopalosiphina within the subfamily Aphidinae. The genus is represented by a small number of species and has limited observational records.
Pseudasiphonaphis corni
Waxy Dogwood Aphid
Pseudasiphonaphis corni, commonly known as the Waxy Dogwood Aphid, is an aphid species in the family Aphididae. It belongs to the tribe Rhopalosiphina within the subfamily Aphidinae. The species was described by Tissot in 1929. As a member of the genus Pseudasiphonaphis, it is part of a group of aphids associated with specific host plants.
Pseudoepameibaphis
Pseudoepameibaphis is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, tribe Macrosiphini, established by Gillette and Palmer in 1932. The genus belongs to a diverse group of aphids characterized by elongated siphunculi and association with host plants in the Asteraceae family. Species within this genus are relatively poorly documented in modern literature.
Pterocallis
Alder Aphids
Pterocallis is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, tribe Pterocallidini. Species in this genus are associated with alder trees (Alnus spp.) as their primary hosts. The genus occurs across Europe, Northern America, and New Zealand. The most studied species, Pterocallis alni, feeds on common alder (Alnus glutinosa) and exhibits temperature-driven population dynamics.
Pterocomma
Willow Bark Aphids
Pterocomma is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, commonly known as willow bark aphids. Species in this genus are phloem-feeding insects primarily associated with woody host plants in the genus Salix (willows) and Populus (poplars). The genus exhibits a specialized ecological relationship with ants, which frequently tend colonies and mediate dispersal between host plants. Pterocomma species harbor the obligate bacterial endosymbiont Buchnera aphidicola, which provides essential amino acids necessary for survival on their nutrient-poor phloem sap diet.
Pterocomma bicolor
Reddish-brown Willow Bark Aphid
Pterocomma bicolor is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, commonly known as the Reddish-brown Willow Bark Aphid. It was described by Oestlund in 1887. The species belongs to the tribe Macrosiphini within the subfamily Aphidinae. As a member of the genus Pterocomma, it is associated with willow (Salix) host plants, though specific biological details remain poorly documented in available literature.
Pterocomma populeum
Poplar Bark Aphid
Pterocomma populeum is an aphid species specialized on poplar trees (Populus spp.). It forms dense colonies on branches and in bark crevices, feeding on phloem sap. The species relies on the obligate endosymbiont Buchnera aphidicola to obtain essential amino acids absent from its carbohydrate-rich diet. Heavy infestations can cause shoot dieback in poplar plantations.
Pterocomma rufipes
Rufous Willow Bark Aphid
Pterocomma rufipes is a species of bark-feeding aphid in the family Aphididae, originally described from Europe by Hartig in 1841. The species is associated with willow (Salix) hosts and is characterized by its reddish leg coloration, referenced in its specific epithet. As a member of the genus Pterocomma, it exhibits the typical morphology of bark-dwelling aphids with reduced cornicles and a flattened body form adapted to living in crevices.
Pterocomma salicis
Black willow bark aphid
A bark-feeding aphid specialized on willow trees, commonly known as the black willow bark aphid. Forms mutualistic relationships with ants, particularly Lasius niger, which actively transport and tend colonies. The species has been documented in ant-mediated dispersal studies, suggesting ants may evaluate host quality when relocating aphid colonies.
Pterocomma smithiae
black willow aphid
Pterocomma smithiae is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, commonly known as the black willow aphid. It is specialized on willow (Salix) hosts and is notable for its dark coloration and tendency to form dense colonies on twigs and branches. The species has been documented across North America and is frequently observed by naturalists.
Purshivora insignita
Purshivora insignita is an aphid species in the family Aphididae, tribe Macrosiphini. It is associated with host plants in the genus Purshia (bitterbrush), from which its generic name is derived. The species is known from western North America. It is a specialist feeder with a narrow host range.
Purshivora media
Purshivora media is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae. It is a specialist feeder associated with plants in the genus Purshia, commonly known as bitterbrush or cliffrose. The species is native to western North America where its host plants occur in arid and semi-arid shrubland habitats. Like other aphids, it reproduces parthenogenetically during favorable conditions.
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Rhopalomyzus is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, tribe Macrosiphini. The genus was established by Mordvilko in 1921 and contains at least three described species. Species occur in Europe and North America, with distribution records from Denmark, Norway, and Sweden.
Rhopalosiphoninus
Rhopalosiphoninus is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae. Species in this genus are distributed across Europe, Australia, and North America. The genus includes both above-ground and subterranean-feeding species. At least one species, Rhopalosiphoninus latysiphon, is restricted to potato roots due to climatic intolerance of aerial conditions.
Rhopalosiphoninus latysiphon
bulb-and-potato aphid
Rhopalosiphoninus latysiphon is an aphid species that infests subterranean plant parts, particularly potato roots and bulbs of ornamental plants such as tulip and gladiolus. Its common name reflects its association with both bulb crops and potatoes. The species is distinguished by its preference for cool, damp environments and avoidance of above-ground foliage under normal field conditions. Two subspecies have been described but may be synonyms.
Rhopalosiphum
Cherry-Grass Aphids
Rhopalosiphum is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae comprising approximately 16-17 species worldwide. Species within this genus are significant agricultural pests, feeding on phloem of host plants and causing direct damage to crops. Several species, notably Rhopalosiphum padi (bird cherry-oat aphid) and Rhopalosiphum maidis (corn leaf aphid), are important vectors of plant viruses including barley yellow dwarf virus and maize dwarf mosaic virus. The genus exhibits typical aphid characteristics including polymorphism with both winged and wingless forms, and parthenogenetic reproduction in favorable conditions.
Rhopalosiphum enigmae
cattail aphid
Rhopalosiphum enigmae is a cattail aphid species in the family Aphididae, first described by Hottes and Frison in 1931. Recent taxonomic work has clarified its classification, including a new synonymy. The species is associated with cattail habitats and has documented relationships with ants and parasitoid wasps, though specific details of these associations remain limited in available literature.
Rhopalosiphum maidis
Corn Leaf Aphid, Corn Aphid
Rhopalosiphum maidis is a globally distributed aphid species and the most economically damaging aphid pest of maize (Zea mays), particularly in tropical and warmer temperate regions. It feeds on phloem sap and causes direct damage through photoassimilate removal. Dense populations can deposit large amounts of honeydew on maize tassels, preventing pollen shed and reducing yield by up to 90%. The species transmits several destructive plant viruses including Maize yellow dwarf virus, Barley yellow dwarf virus, Sugarcane mosaic virus, and Cucumber mosaic virus. Most populations reproduce parthenogenetically (anholocyclic), though sexual reproduction has been reported in Pakistan and Korea with Prunus species as primary hosts.
Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae
waterlily aphid, water lily aphid
Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae, the waterlily aphid, is a cosmopolitan, host-alternating aphid species with a unique ability to thrive in both aquatic and terrestrial environments. It is a significant agricultural pest that damages crops through direct herbivory and as a vector for plant viruses, particularly affecting Prunus spp. fruits and various aquatic plants. The species exhibits complex life history traits including rapid population growth (intrinsic rate of increase 0.315 day⁻¹, doubling time 2.2 days) and strong host preferences among aquatic vegetation.
Rhopalosiphum padi
bird cherry-oat aphid, oat-bird cherry aphid, apple-grain aphid
Rhopalosiphum padi is a globally distributed aphid species and major pest of temperate cereal crops. It exhibits a complex life cycle involving host alternation between a woody primary host (Prunus padus, bird cherry) and herbaceous secondary hosts including barley, oats, wheat, and other grasses. The species is the principal vector of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) and several other economically important plant viruses. Unlike some cereal aphids, it does not inject toxins while feeding, so direct damage from feeding is generally less severe than virus transmission losses.
Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale
rice root aphid, red rice root aphid
Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale is a globally distributed root-feeding aphid pest with a remarkably broad host range spanning 22 plant families. Native to East Asia, it has established populations across every continent except Antarctica. The species exhibits a heteroecious holocyclic life cycle in its native range, alternating between Prunus species (primary hosts) and herbaceous plant roots (secondary hosts), though asexual reproduction dominates in temperate regions and protected cultivation. Its subterranean habit makes detection difficult and management challenging. The aphid vectors several economically important plant viruses including barley yellow dwarf virus and sugarcane yellow leaf virus, and has emerged as a significant pest of indoor-grown cannabis in North America.
Saltusaphidinae
sedge aphids
Saltusaphidinae is a subfamily of aphids comprising 49 species across 12 genera. Members are commonly known as sedge aphids due to their specialized association with Cyperaceae (sedges). The group is divided into two tribes: Saltusaphidini and Thripsaphidini. One species, Iziphya leegei, is exceptional in feeding on Juncus (rushes) rather than sedges.
Sanbornia
Sanbornia is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, established by Baker in 1920. The genus belongs to the tribe Aphidini within the subfamily Aphidinae. As a member of the Sternorrhyncha, species in this genus possess piercing-sucking mouthparts adapted for feeding on plant phloem. The genus is recognized in major taxonomic databases including Catalogue of Life, GBIF, and NCBI Taxonomy.
Sanbornia juniperi
Sanbornia juniperi is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, first described by Pergande in 1920. The species name indicates an association with juniper (Juniperus) as a host plant. It belongs to a small genus of aphids within the tribe Aphidini. Distribution records indicate presence in both Brazil and the United States, though specific ecological details remain limited in published literature.
Sarucallis
crape myrtle aphid
Sarucallis is a monotypic genus of aphids in the family Aphididae. The sole described species, Sarucallis kahawaluokalani, is commonly known as the crape myrtle aphid. Adults measure 1.2 to 1.8 millimeters in body length. The genus is native to Asia and has become widely distributed globally through the ornamental plant trade, tracking the spread of its host plant, crape myrtle (Lagerstroemia spp.).
Sarucallis kahawaluokalani
Crapemyrtle Aphid
Sarucallis kahawaluokalani, the crapemyrtle aphid, is a specialist phloem-feeding pest native to Southeast Asia and first described from Hawaii in 1907. It has spread globally through the ornamental plant trade, closely tracking the distribution of its host plant Lagerstroemia spp. The species exhibits complex life cycle alternation between asexual summer generations and sexual autumn generations producing overwintering eggs. Heavy infestations cause aesthetic and physiological damage through honeydew production and associated sooty mold growth.
Schizaphis
Grass Aphids, Greenbug
Schizaphis is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, superfamily Aphidoidea. Originally distributed in the Palaearctic region, several species have been introduced worldwide. The genus contains more than 40 recognized species, with Schizaphis graminum (greenbug) being the most economically significant. Species in this genus are primarily associated with grasses and cereal crops, exhibiting varying degrees of host specificity from monophagy to polyphagy.
Schizaphis graminum
greenbug, wheat aphid, common wheat-louse
Schizaphis graminum, commonly known as the greenbug or wheat aphid, is a small aphid species in the family Aphididae. Native to the Palaearctic region, it has been introduced worldwide and is a significant pest of cereal crops, particularly wheat and sorghum. The species exhibits wing dimorphism, with wingless forms predominating early in the season and winged forms developing under crowded conditions to disperse to new hosts. It causes direct damage through feeding and toxin injection, and indirect damage as a vector of multiple plant viruses.
Shivaphis
Shivaphis is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, subfamily Calaphidinae, described by Das in 1918. The genus includes species associated with trees in the family Cannabaceae, particularly Celtis (hackberries) and Pteroceltis. The most widely documented species, S. celti, is known as the Asian woolly hackberry aphid and has been introduced to North America. Species in this genus are characterized by their woolly wax secretions and specific host associations with woody plants.
Sipha
yellow sugarcane aphid (for S. flava), hedgehog grain aphid (for S. maydis)
Sipha is a genus of aphids (Aphididae) in the tribe Siphini, with nearly cosmopolitan distribution. The genus includes notable agricultural pests, particularly Sipha flava (yellow sugarcane aphid) and Sipha maydis (hedgehog grain aphid). Species in this genus feed on grasses and cereal crops, with some capable of transmitting plant viruses such as barley yellow dwarf virus. Several species have expanded their ranges rapidly in recent decades, becoming significant pests of sorghum, sugarcane, wheat, and barley.
Sipha flava
yellow sugarcane aphid
Sipha flava, commonly known as the yellow sugarcane aphid, is a significant agricultural pest native to North America that has spread to multiple continents. This aphid feeds on warm- and cool-season grasses including sugarcane, sorghum, corn, rice, and numerous pasture grasses. It is distinguished by its bright lemon-yellow to pale green coloration, body covered with small spines, and two double rows of dark spots on the dorsum. The species is notable for injecting a toxin while feeding that causes host plant leaves to turn purple in seedlings and yellow to reddish in older plants, leading to stunted growth, delayed maturity, and potential lodging. Unlike many aphids, it produces little to no honeydew. Populations can increase rapidly through parthenogenetic reproduction, with females giving birth to live young for approximately 28 days.
Sipha maydis
Hedgehog Grain Aphid
Sipha maydis, commonly known as the hedgehog grain aphid, is a globally distributed pest of cereal crops and wild grasses. Native to Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Middle East, it was first detected in the United States in 2007 and has since expanded across the Southwest and Rocky Mountain states. The aphid feeds on phloem of Poaceae, with documented hosts including wheat, barley, sorghum, millet, and over 50 plant species worldwide. It reproduces parthenogenetically, with optimal development at 20–25°C. S. maydis is a vector of barley yellow dwarf virus and can cause leaf yellowing, rolling, and desiccation leading to yield reduction.
Siphini
Siphini is a tribe of aphids within the subfamily Chaitophorinae, first established by Eastop & van Emden in 1972. The tribe includes genera such as Atheroides and Sipha, which exhibit both oviparous and viviparous reproductive modes. Recent taxonomic work has described previously unknown morphs, including alate viviparous females of several species.
Sitobion
Sitobion is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, comprising more than 80 described species. Species within this genus are primarily associated with grasses and cereal crops, with Sitobion avenae (English grain aphid) being the most extensively studied. These aphids are phloem-feeding insects that can cause direct damage to host plants and vector plant viruses. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution, with species found across Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, South America, and Oceania.
Sitobion avenae
English Grain Aphid
Sitobion avenae, the English grain aphid, is a globally distributed pest of cereal crops. It feeds on phloem sap and transmits yellow dwarf viruses to wheat, barley, and oats. Population dynamics are influenced by temperature, water availability, and host plant quality. The species exhibits complex reproductive strategies including both cyclical and obligate parthenogenesis. Management challenges include insecticide resistance, variable biotypes, and climate change impacts on dispersal and adaptation.
Sitobion luteum
orchid aphid
Sitobion luteum, commonly known as the orchid aphid, is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae. The species is found in Europe and has been recorded in additional regions including Brazil (Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo), Belgium, Germany, and France. It belongs to the genus Sitobion, which includes several economically significant cereal aphids. The specific epithet 'luteum' (meaning yellow or golden) likely refers to its coloration.
Smynthurodes
Smynthurodes is a genus of gall-forming aphids in the family Aphididae. The genus includes at least one well-documented species, Smynthurodes betae, which induces galls on host plants. Gall formation in this genus appears to be constrained by host plant phenology rather than active site selection by colonizing aphids. The genus has been recorded from parts of northern Europe.
Staticobium
Staticobium is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, tribe Macrosiphini. The genus includes species associated with sea-lavender (Limonium/Statice) in marine saltmarsh habitats. Staticobium staticis, the type species, has been studied for its effects on host plant fitness in coastal ecosystems.
Stegophylla
Woolly Oak Aphids
Stegophylla is a genus of aphids in the subfamily Phyllaphidinae, first described by Oscar W. Oestlund in 1923. Members are commonly known as woolly oak aphids due to their association with oak host plants and the waxy secretions they produce. The genus contains seven recognized species, including S. quercifoliae and S. quercicola, both linked to Quercus species.
Symydobius
Symydobius is a genus of aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in the tribe Calaphidini. Species occur in Europe and North America, with at least two described species: S. alniarius and S. americanus. The genus is associated with birch (Betula) hosts. Symydobius oblongus exhibits behavioral coordination with attending ants, specifically Formica lugubris.
Symydobius americanus
Dark birch aphid
Symydobius americanus is a small aphid species in the family Aphididae, commonly known as the dark birch aphid. It is specifically associated with birch trees (Betula species), particularly paper birch (Betula papyrifera). The species has been studied in the context of plant-mediated interactions between leaf-chewing herbivores and phloem-feeding insects, with research showing that prior caterpillar damage to host leaves does not significantly affect aphid colony performance.
Takecallis arundinariae
black-spotted bamboo aphid
Takecallis arundinariae, the black-spotted bamboo aphid, is a globally distributed aphid native to Eurasia. It feeds exclusively on bamboo species (Poaceae: Bambusoideae), particularly Phyllostachys, and has been introduced to multiple continents through human transport of host plants. The species forms small scattered colonies on leaf undersides and reproduces viviparously via alate viviparae. It is considered a pest of ornamental and cultivated bamboo when populations are uncontrolled.
Thecabius
Thecabius is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, subfamily Pemphiginae. Species occur in Europe and North America. At least one species, Thecabius affinis, exhibits dormancy with substantial lipid accumulation during overwintering. The genus contains at least two described species: T. affinis and T. anemoni.
Thecabius populimonilis
Bead-like Cottonwood Gall aphid
Thecabius populimonilis, commonly known as the Bead-like Cottonwood Gall aphid, is an aphid species in the family Aphididae. It induces distinctive galls on cottonwood trees (Populus species). The species exhibits a complex life cycle involving alternation between primary and secondary host plants.
Therioaphis
Therioaphis is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae comprising more than 20 described species. The genus includes significant agricultural pests, notably the spotted alfalfa aphid (Therioaphis maculata, also treated as T. trifolii forma maculata) and the yellow clover aphid (Therioaphis trifolii), which infest alfalfa, clovers, and related legumes. These species have been extensively studied for biological control, host plant resistance, and their role as vectors of plant pathogens including alfalfa mosaic virus.
Therioaphis riehmi
Sweetclover Aphid
Therioaphis riehmi is an aphid species in the family Aphididae, commonly known as the Sweetclover Aphid. It belongs to a genus containing economically significant agricultural pests, including the spotted alfalfa aphid. The species has been documented in parts of Europe including Belgium, Denmark, Norway, and Sweden.
Therioaphis trifolii
yellow clover aphid, spotted alfalfa aphid
Therioaphis trifolii is a phloem-feeding aphid and major agricultural pest of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and clover species (Trifolium spp.). The species exhibits significant intraspecific variation, with distinct biotypes showing host-specific adaptations: the spotted alfalfa aphid (SAA) primarily colonizes Medicago species, while the spotted clover aphid (SCA) specializes on Trifolium. Native to the western Palaearctic, it has established globally including Australia, North America, and parts of Asia. The species manipulates host plant defense pathways through salivary secretions, activating salicylic acid signaling while suppressing jasmonic acid responses to improve host suitability.
Thripsaphis
Thripsaphis is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, subfamily Calaphidinae. The genus contains species associated with sedges (Cyperaceae), including Thripsaphis ballii, which has been documented on shoreline sedge in Oklahoma wetlands. Thripsaphis aphids are morphologically adapted for life on monocot hosts, with some species exhibiting reduced or modified structures compared to other aphid genera. The genus has been recorded from northern Europe (Denmark, Norway, Sweden) and North America.
Thripsaphis cyperi
Thripsaphis cyperi is a species of aphid first described by Walker in 1848. It is currently recognized as a synonym of Allaphis cyperi, reflecting ongoing taxonomic uncertainty in the genus Thripsaphis. The species belongs to the subfamily Calaphidinae and tribe Saltusaphidini, a group of aphids often associated with sedge hosts (family Cyperaceae). No iNaturalist observations exist for this taxon, and published biological data remain scarce.
Tinocallis
elm aphids, crapemyrtle aphids
Tinocallis is a small genus of aphids in the subfamily Calaphidinae, comprising eight described species. Most species are associated with Ulmaceae (elm family), though one notable exception, T. kahawaluokalani (the crapemyrtle aphid), is a specialist pest of Lagerstroemia indica. Species exhibit holocyclic life cycles with both parthenogenetic summer generations and sexual autumn generations producing overwintering eggs. Several species are economically significant as pests of ornamental trees in urban landscapes.
Tinocallis takachihoensis
Japanese elm aphid
Tinocallis takachihoensis is an aphid species in the family Aphididae, originally described from Japan in 1972. It is closely related to the well-studied crapemyrtle aphid (Tinocallis kahawaluokalani), a specialist pest of crape myrtle trees in the southeastern United States. The species has been recorded in Belgium and the Azores (São Miguel), suggesting some capacity for dispersal or human-mediated introduction. Like other members of the genus Tinocallis, it is likely a specialist herbivore feeding on phloem sap of its host plants.
Tinocallis ulmifolii
Elm Leaf Aphid
Tinocallis ulmifolii is an aphid species in the family Aphididae, originally described by Monell in 1879. It is one of eight recognized species in the genus Tinocallis, a small group of aphids primarily associated with the Ulmaceae (elm family). The species is commonly known as the Elm Leaf Aphid.
Tinocallis ulmiparvifoliae
elm aphid
Tinocallis ulmiparvifoliae is a small aphid species in the family Aphididae, originally described by Matsumura in 1919. It belongs to the genus Tinocallis, a group of eight species primarily associated with Ulmaceae (elm family). The species is a specialist herbivore feeding on elm foliage. It has been recorded from Europe (Spain, Italy, Great Britain) and the United States.
Trama
root aphids
Trama is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, tribe Tramini. These insects are commonly known as root aphids due to their subterranean feeding habits. The genus was established by von Heyden in 1837 and is distinguished from other aphid genera by morphological adaptations for life below ground.
Tramini
Tramini is a tribe of aphids within the family Aphididae, subfamily Lachninae. Members are medium to large aphids characterized by robust bodies, long antennae, and siphunculi that are either absent or reduced to small pores. The tribe includes conifer-feeding aphids, with many species associated with pine (Pinus) hosts.
Trioxys
Trioxys is a genus of aphid parasitoid wasps in the subfamily Aphidiinae (Braconidae). Species within this genus are internal parasitoids of aphids and have been studied for their biological control potential against agricultural pests. Some species, such as T. indicus, exhibit adaptive learning in host discrimination behavior, with experience reducing superparasitism and improving oviposition efficiency. Other species, including T. utilis and T. pallidus, have been deployed or studied for management of specific aphid pests in crops such as alfalfa and hazelnut.
Tuberculatus
Tuberculatus is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, established by Aleksandr Mordvilko in 1894. Species in this genus feed exclusively on trees in the family Fagaceae, including oaks, beeches, and chestnuts. The genus exhibits a cosmopolitan distribution and contains species with two contrasting ecological strategies: ant-attended and non-attended populations. Research on Tuberculatus has focused extensively on its symbiotic relationships with ants and bacteria.
Tuberculatus pallidus
pale oak aphid
Tuberculatus pallidus is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, described by Davidson in 1919. It belongs to the genus Tuberculatus, which comprises aphids primarily associated with oak trees (Quercus spp.). The species name "pallidus" refers to its pale coloration. Like other members of its genus, it is likely a specialist feeder on oak foliage, though specific biological details remain poorly documented in accessible literature.
Tuberolachnus
giant willow aphid, giant bark aphid
Tuberolachnus is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, established by Mordvilko in 1909. The genus contains three described species, with Tuberolachnus salignus (the giant willow aphid) being the most well-known and widely studied. Members of this genus are among the largest aphids in the world, with body lengths reaching up to 5.8 mm. They are notable for their obligate parthenogenetic reproduction, extremely low genetic diversity, and status as invasive pests in multiple regions including New Zealand, India, and Patagonia.
Uroleucon adenocaulonae
Uroleucon adenocaulonae is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, described by Essig in 1936. As a member of the genus Uroleucon, it shares characteristics with other large aphids that feed on plants in the Asteraceae family. The specific epithet suggests an association with Adenocaulon, a genus of plants commonly known as trailplant. Like other Uroleucon species, it likely exhibits parthenogenetic reproduction during favorable seasons.
Uroleucon ambrosiae
Brown Ambrosia Aphid
Uroleucon ambrosiae is a medium-sized aphid in the family Aphididae, commonly known as the brown ambrosia aphid. Native to North America, it exhibits geographic variation in host specificity, with eastern populations highly specialized on giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida) while southwestern populations feed more broadly on Asteraceae plants. In Brazil, it has emerged as a significant pest of hydroponically-grown lettuce, where it vectors lettuce mosaic virus and promotes sooty mold through honeydew excretion. The species reproduces parthenogenetically during spring and summer, forming all-female colonies. Its populations serve as important prey for diverse natural enemies including flower fly larvae, lady beetles, lacewings, and parasitic wasps, making it a key component of biological control food webs in both natural and agricultural systems.
Uroleucon caligatum
Northern Green Goldenrod Aphid
Uroleucon caligatum is a North American aphid species in the family Aphididae, specialized on goldenrod hosts in the genus Solidago. The species exhibits significant intraspecific variability in performance across different host plant clones. Like other Uroleucon species, it likely reproduces parthenogenetically during the growing season. Field studies have demonstrated that plant clone identity strongly affects aphid developmental time, adult weight, and colony growth.
Uroleucon cirsii
Large Thistle Aphid
Uroleucon cirsii, commonly known as the large thistle aphid, is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae. It is a phloem-feeding insect that specializes on thistles and related plants in the Asteraceae family. Like other members of the genus Uroleucon, it exhibits parthenogenetic reproduction during the growing season, forming colonies of females that reproduce without males. The species is known from Europe, with confirmed records in Belgium, Denmark, and Norway.
Uroleucon erigeronense
Large fleabane daisy aphid
Uroleucon erigeronense is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, first described by Thomas in 1878. It feeds primarily on plants in the Asteraceae family, with a particular association with Erigeron (fleabane) species. The species exhibits flexible reproductive strategies: holocyclic in northern climates, producing sexual forms in autumn, and anholocyclic in warmer regions. It shows seasonal host-shifting behavior, moving between overwintering perennial hosts and blooming annuals. Native to North America, it has been introduced to Europe, Australia, and Korea.
Uroleucon eupatoricolens
Uroleucon eupatoricolens is an aphid species in the family Aphididae. Like other members of the genus Uroleucon, it is a sap-sucking insect that feeds on plants in the Asteraceae family. The species reproduces parthenogenetically during spring and summer, producing all-female colonies. When disturbed, colonies exhibit synchronized twitching and kicking defensive behaviors. These aphids serve as important prey for diverse predator communities including lady beetles, lacewings, flower flies, and spiders.
Uroleucon nigrotuberculatum
red goldenrod aphid
Uroleucon nigrotuberculatum, commonly known as the red goldenrod aphid, is a North American aphid species introduced to Japan. In its native range, it is a specialist feeder on Solidago (goldenrod) species. Following introduction to Japan, this aphid has demonstrated remarkable dietary flexibility, expanding its host range to include multiple exotic plant species beyond its native specialization. The species exhibits complex ecological interactions, including semiochemical-mediated relationships with gall-forming flies and serves as prey for various native parasitoids and predators in its introduced range.
Uroleucon obscuricaudatum
Dusky-tailed Sunflower Aphid
Uroleucon obscuricaudatum is a North American aphid species in the family Aphididae, commonly known as the Dusky-tailed Sunflower Aphid. It is a specialist feeder on Heliopsis helianthoides (oxeye sunflower) and related Asteraceae plants. The species exhibits typical aphid life history traits including parthenogenetic reproduction during the growing season. Like other Uroleucon species, it produces honeydew and serves as prey for diverse natural enemies including lady beetles, flower flies, lacewings, and spiders.
Uroleucon picridis
Ox-tongue Aphid
Uroleucon picridis, commonly known as the Ox-tongue Aphid, is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae. Like other members of the genus Uroleucon, it is a sap-sucking insect that feeds on plants in the Asteraceae family. The species exhibits parthenogenetic reproduction during the growing season, with colonies consisting entirely of females. It serves as an important food source for numerous predators including lady beetles, lacewings, flower flies, and spiders, making it a significant component of garden and agricultural food webs.
Uroleucon pseudambrosiae
Wild Lettuce Aphid
Uroleucon pseudambrosiae is a North American aphid species that feeds on wild lettuce (Lactuca spp.) and related Asteraceae plants including dandelion (Taraxacum), pilewort (Erechtites hieracifolia), and Sonchus asper. It is known to serve as a vector for watermelon mosaic virus. The species exhibits parthenogenetic reproduction during spring and summer, forming all-female colonies.
Uroleucon rudbeckiae
goldenglow aphid
Uroleucon rudbeckiae, the goldenglow aphid, is a bright red aphid species specialized on Rudbeckia host plants. Adults measure 2.4–3.2 mm with distinctive yellow legs, black antennae, and reticulated siphunculi. Populations exhibit characteristic mid-summer rise and late-summer decline on native perennials, with colony dynamics driven by immigration patterns and predation pressure rather than weather or host quality degradation.
Uroleucon sonchi
Sow-thistle Aphid, Large Sow-thistle Aphid, Brown Lettuce Aphid
Uroleucon sonchi is a large aphid species in the family Aphididae, commonly known as the sow-thistle aphid or brown lettuce aphid. Native to the Palaearctic region, it has been introduced to multiple continents and is now cosmopolitan in distribution. The species is economically significant as a pest of cultivated lettuce and related crops, while also occurring on wild Asteraceae hosts. It reproduces parthenogenetically during spring and summer, typical of many aphids.
Uroleucon taraxaci
Bronze-brown Dandelion Aphid
Uroleucon taraxaci is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, commonly known as the Bronze-brown Dandelion Aphid. As a member of the genus Uroleucon, it shares characteristics with related species that exhibit parthenogenetic reproduction during spring and summer, forming all-female colonies. The species is associated with plants in the Asteraceae family, particularly dandelion (Taraxacum). Like other Uroleucon aphids, it produces honeydew that attracts predators and parasitoids. The species has been documented across parts of Europe and Asia.
Uroleucon tuataiae
Uroleucon tuataiae is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, first described by Olive in 1963. It belongs to the large genus Uroleucon, which contains numerous species associated with plants in the Asteraceae family. Like other members of this genus, it is presumed to be a phloem-feeding insect that reproduces parthenogenetically during favorable seasons. The species is recognized as valid in major taxonomic databases including GBIF and the Catalogue of Life.
Uroleucon verbesinae
Bicolored Frostweed Aphid
Uroleucon verbesinae is a North American aphid species in the family Aphididae. It belongs to the large genus Uroleucon, whose members typically feed on plants in the Asteraceae family. The species reproduces parthenogenetically during spring and summer, producing all-female colonies. Like other Uroleucon aphids, it exhibits synchronized defensive behaviors when disturbed.
Utamphorophora
Utamphorophora is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, tribe Macrosiphini. It was established by Knowlton in 1946. The genus is currently accepted by GBIF and NCBI, though Catalogue of Life lists it as a synonym of Taiwanomyzus. Records indicate presence in Norway and Sweden.
Utamphorophora crataegi
Four-spotted Hawthorn Aphid
Utamphorophora crataegi is an aphid species in the family Aphididae, commonly known as the Four-spotted Hawthorn Aphid. The species was originally described as Amphorophora crataegi by Monell in 1879 and later transferred to the genus Utamphorophora. It is associated with hawthorn (Crataegus) as a host plant, as indicated by its specific epithet. The species has been recorded in Hawaii and the conterminous United States.
Vesiculaphis
Vesiculaphis is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, first described by Del Guercio in 1911. It belongs to the tribe Macrosiphini within the subfamily Aphidinae. The genus includes species such as Vesiculaphis caricis, which feeds on plants by sucking sap. Records indicate a distribution in Norway and Sweden.
Vesiculaphis caricis
Vesicular Azalea-Sedge Aphid
Vesiculaphis caricis is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, first described by Fullaway in 1910. Originally placed in the genus Toxoptera, it is now classified in the genus Vesiculaphis. The species has a known distribution in Hawaii and the continental United States.
Wahlgreniella nervata
Strawberry Tree Aphid
Wahlgreniella nervata is an aphid species in the family Aphididae, commonly known as the Strawberry Tree Aphid. The species has been documented in Europe and South America, with observations concentrated on cultivated and ornamental plants. It is associated with plants in the genus Arbutus, particularly Arbutus unedo (strawberry tree). The species was first described by Gillette in 1908.