Monoctonina

Classification

Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Superfamily: Ichneumonoidea
Family: Braconidae
Subfamily: Aphidiinae
Tribe: Aphidiini
Subtribe: Monoctonina

Pronunciation

How to pronounce Monoctonina: /ˌmɒnɒktəˈnaɪnə/

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Summary

Monoctonina is a subtribe within the Aphidiini, which consists of tiny parasitoid wasps that specifically target aphids, primarily acting as biocontrol agents.

Physical Characteristics

Aphidiinae are tiny parasitoid wasps, typically around 2-3 mm long. Notably, the larva of the genus Praon leaves a hollowed shell of the aphid to pupate in a volcano-like cocoon, while most other species pupate inside the aphid itself.

Identification Tips

Look for small wasps, particularly black or dark-colored, often associated with aphid-infested plants. Their adult forms and pupation habits can indicate their species.

Habitat

Aphidiinae are found in various habitats worldwide, particularly in areas where aphids thrive, including gardens, agricultural fields, and natural ecosystems.

Distribution

Primarily found in the northern hemisphere but has been introduced to other regions for biocontrol purposes. Approximately 400 species exist across 50 genera worldwide.

Diet

Aphidiinae are parasitoids, with larvae feeding on aphids during their development.

Life Cycle

They have a koinobiont lifestyle, meaning their larvae develop inside living hosts (aphids) until they are ready to pupate. Some species pupate within the aphid, while others emerge to pupate externally.

Reproduction

Females lay eggs inside or on aphid hosts, where larvae develop and eventually lead to the death of the aphids.

Ecosystem Role

Aphidiinae play a significant role in controlling aphid populations through their parasitic lifecycle. They are integral to the balance of ecosystems where aphids are present.

Economic Impact

Some species are employed in biological control programs to manage pest aphid populations, potentially benefiting agriculture.

Collecting Methods

Net sweeping in aphid-infested areas
Rearing from aphid hosts in controlled environments

Preservation Methods

Pinned specimens for dry preservation
Alcohol preservation for genetic studies

Evolution

The Aphidiinae were historically considered a separate family (Aphidiidae) but are now recognized as a subfamily within Braconidae, indicating their evolutionary relationship.

Similar Taxa

Misconceptions

Some people may confuse these wasps with pests, not realizing their beneficial role in controlling aphid populations.