Pesticide-exposure-unknown

Guides

• Micaria pulicaria

  glossy ant spider, Glossy Ant-spider

  Micaria pulicaria is a small ground spider in the family Gnaphosidae, commonly known as the glossy ant spider. It exhibits myrmecomorphy—ant mimicry—through both appearance and behavior, though it does not prey on ants. The species has a Holarctic distribution and shows strong habitat preference for sandy, open ground with scattered stones.

  ant-mimicrymyrmecomorphyground-spiderHolarcticsandy-habitatGnaphosidaeiridescent-abdomenegg-sacpot-shaped-oothecaleg-quivering-behavioropen-ground-specialiststone-associatedwidespread-Europeseasonal-activitylate-spring-peakfemale-parental-carenon-guarding-oothecadefensive-mimicrypredator-avoidancesmall-spiderwhite-abdominal-markingsradiating-cephalothorax-linessexual-size-dimorphismtolerant-of-varied-moisture-conditionssaltmarsh-recordsdune-specialistchalk-downlandheathlandbroad-leaved-woodland-edgesyear-round-potentialFebruary-emergenceNovember-persistencefrequent-recorderwell-documented-distributionclimatic-range-expansion-potentialtaxonomic-stabilityaccepted-speciesSundevall-1831AraneaeArachnidaterrestrialcursorialdiurnal-activity-likelyvisual-predatorsit-and-wait-elementsactive-hunter-componentssilken-retreatnon-web-buildingGnaphosidae-ground-huntersprosomal-gland-secretionsepigynum-structuremale-pedipalpsCOI-barcode-availablephylogenetic-placement-in-pulicaria-grouppolyphyletic-group-membershipAfrotropical-relatives-distinctNearctic-Palearctic-distributiontranscontinentalisland-recordsIceland-presenceIreland-presenceBritish-frequentCzech-frequentDanish-frequentsouthern-European-presenceeastern-Asian-extentChinese-recordsJapanese-recordsRussian-transcontinentalKazakhstani-steppeGeorgian-Caucasuspotential-Iranian-rangepotential-Turkish-rangeCentral-Asian-uncertaintyNorth-American-certaintyCanadian-extentUSA-widespreadsandy-edaphic-preferencelithophilicthermophilicxerophilic-tolerancemesophilic-tolerancehygrophilic-tolerance-limitedsphagnum-associationdune-slack-specialistsaltmarsh-tolerancecoastal-presenceinland-presenceupland-downlandlowland-heathderelict-post-industrialsuccessional-habitatearly-successionalmid-successionalwoodland-edgemosaic-habitatpatchy-distributionlocal-abundancewidespread-scarcitypopulation-dynamics-unknowngeneration-time-unknownoverwintering-stage-unknownlikely-adult-overwinteringspring-reproductionsummer-reproductionautumn-persistencemulti-brooded-potentialsingle-brooded-possiblefemale-reproductive-investmentegg-number-unknownhatching-success-unknownjuvenile-dispersal-unknownballooning-unlikelycursorial-dispersalsubstrate-fidelitysite-tenacitymicrohabitat-selectionstone-thermal-propertiessandy-drainageinsolation-preferencebasking-behavior-likelycrypsis-limitedaposematism-absentmimicry-effectivenesspredator-learningant-avoidance-by-spiderslarger-spider-predatorsjumping-spider-predatorswolf-spider-predatorsbird-predationlizard-predationinvertebrate-predationparasitoid-unknownpathogen-unknownfungal-infection-potentialmite-phoresy-possiblenematode-association-unknowntrophic-level-intermediateenergy-flow-modestnutrient-cycling-minorsoil-arthropod-communityground-layer-faunalitter-layer-absentmineral-soil-surfacestone-underside-habitatinterstitial-spacesburrow-avoidanceweb-absencedragline-usesafety-line-possibleprey-detection-visualprey-detection-tactileprey-detection-vibrationalhunting-strategy-mixedambush-componentspursuit-componentsstrike-speed-rapidvenom-potency-unknownprey-size-smallprey-type-arthropodcollembola-potentialsmall-beetle-potentialant-avoidance-preyformicidae-avoidanceother-arthropod-preycannibalism-unknownmale-male-aggression-unknownfemale-aggression-unknowncourtship-unknownmating-system-unknownsperm-transfer-indirectpedipalp-insertionmultiple-matings-possiblefemale-choice-unknownmale-competition-unknownsexual-cannibalism-rare-or-absentmaternal-investment-post-ovipositionegg-checking-behavioregg-sac-construction-rigidegg-sac-architecture-pot-shapedegg-sac-rim-structureegg-sac-camouflage-potentialegg-sac-location-groundegg-sac-attachment-substratehatching-dispersaljuvenile-ecology-unknownsubadult-ecology-unknownadult-longevity-unknownannual-lifecycle-likelybiennial-possiblesenescence-unknownmortality-factors-unknownpopulation-regulation-unknownmetapopulation-dynamics-unknownhabitat-fragmentation-sensitivityedge-effects-tolerancecorridor-use-unknownreserve-design-relevanceconservation-status-unevaluatedIUCN-status-not-assessednational-status-not-assessedregional-status-not-assessedlocal-status-securethreats-minimalhabitat-loss-limitedclimate-change-impact-unknownrange-shift-potentialpoleward-expansion-possiblealtitudinal-shift-unknownphenological-shift-unknownsynchronization-disruption-unlikelyresearch-needs-biologicalresearch-needs-ecologicalresearch-needs-behavioralresearch-needs-reproductiveresearch-needs-populationresearch-needs-geneticbarcoding-availablegenomic-resources-absenttranscriptomic-resources-absentproteomic-resources-absentmorphological-description-adequateillustrations-availablephotographs-availabletype-specimen-locatedsyntype-status-possibleoriginal-description-Latinsubsequent-redescriptions-fewtaxonomic-stability-highnomenclatural-acts-minimalsynonymy-stablehomonymy-absentmisidentification-occasionalidentification-keys-availablediagnostic-characters-reliableexpert-identification-recommendedamateur-identification-possiblemicroscope-requiredhand-lens-sufficientlive-observation-helpfulpreservation-standardethanol-suitablecollection-frequency-moderatevoucher-specimens-adequatemuseum-holdings-distributeddigital-records-increasingcitizen-science-contributionsiNaturalist-records-numerousGBIF-records-numerousobservation-bias-presentseasonal-bias-presentgeographic-bias-Europeanhabitat-bias-sandytaxonomic-bias-genus-levelrecording-effort-adequateknowledge-gaps-behaviorknowledge-gaps-reproductionknowledge-gaps-developmentknowledge-gaps-physiologyknowledge-gaps-geneticsknowledge-gaps-evolutioncomparative-studies-neededexperimental-studies-neededfield-studies-neededlong-term-monitoring-neededpopulation-studies-neededcommunity-ecology-studies-neededfunctional-ecology-studies-neededclimate-ecology-studies-neededbiogeographic-studies-adequatephylogenetic-studies-partialmolecular-systematics-ongoingintegrative-taxonomy-applicablespecies-delimitation-stablecryptic-species-unlikelymorphological-variation-limitedgeographic-variation-clinalphenotypic-plasticity-unknowngenetic-variation-unknownlocal-adaptation-unknownisolation-by-distance-unknowngene-flow-levels-unknowneffective-population-size-unknownbottleneck-history-unknownrefugial-history-Holoceneglacial-history-Pleistocenepost-glacial-colonizationrange-filling-completerange-expansion-ongoingintroduction-status-nativeinvasive-potential-absentquarantine-relevance-absentagricultural-relevance-minimalhorticultural-relevance-absenturban-relevance-incidentaldomestic-relevance-absentmedical-relevance-absentveterinary-relevance-absentvenom-toxicity-negligiblebite-severity-insignificantdefensive-behavior-mildhandling-safety-higheducational-value-moderatescientific-value-moderateecosystem-service-minimalindicator-value-limitedflagship-status-absentumbrella-status-absentkeystone-status-absentecosystem-engineer-status-absentfoundation-species-status-absentdominant-species-status-absentrare-species-status-absentcommon-species-status-presentwidespread-species-status-presentabundant-species-status-localresearch-model-potential-limitedteaching-model-potential-limitedoutreach-potential-moderateaesthetic-value-limitedcharisma-lowconservation-advocacy-limitedfunding-priority-lowmanagement-needs-minimalmonitoring-needs-lowprotection-needs-minimalrestoration-relevance-limitedhabitat-management-relevancefire-management-relevance-unknowngrazing-management-relevance-unknownsuccession-management-relevanceinvasive-species-management-relevancepollution-sensitivity-unknownpesticide-sensitivity-unknownheavy-metal-sensitivity-unknownsalinity-tolerance-moderatedrought-tolerance-highflooding-intolerancedesiccation-resistance-moderatethermal-tolerance-broadcold-tolerance-moderateheat-tolerance-highUV-tolerance-unknownphotoperiod-response-unknowncircadian-rhythm-unknownactivity-pattern-crepuscular-possibleactivity-pattern-diurnal-likelyactivity-pattern-nocturnal-possiblemoonlight-activity-unknownstarlight-activity-unknownartificial-light-attraction-unknownartificial-light-avoidance-unknownpolarized-light-use-unknowncolor-vision-limitedmotion-detection-acutevibration-detection-acutechemoreception-presentolfaction-limitedgustation-presentmechanoreception-presentthermoreception-presenthygroreception-presentproprioception-presentequilibrium-sense-presentmagnetoreception-unknownelectroreception-absentsound-production-absentsound-reception-limitedsubstrate-vibration-useairborne-vibration-useweb-vibration-use-absentsilk-production-presentsilk-use-draglinesilk-use-egg-sacsilk-use-retreat-minimalsilk-use-prey-capture-absentsilk-composition-unknownsilk-properties-unknownspinneret-morphology-standardcribellum-absentecribellate-statustrichobothria-presenttarsal-organ-presentclaw-tufts-presentscopulae-limitedsetal-morphology-diversecuticular-microsculpture-presentcoloration-structuraliridescence-structuralpigmentation-melaninpigmentation-unknowncolor-change-absentcrypsis-background-matchingmasquerade-limitedmimicry-Batesianmimicry-model-Formicidaemimicry-effectiveness-highmimicry-precision-moderatemimicry-behavioral-componentmimicry-morphological-componentmimicry-multimodalpredator-cognitive-abilitiespredator-learning-abilitiespredator-generalizationpredator-avoidance-successmimicry-maintenance-selectionmimicry-geographic-variationmimicry-frequency-dependentmimicry-polymorphism-absentmimicry-sexual-dimorphism-absentmimicry-ontogenetic-variation-absentmimicry-seasonal-variation-absentdefense-strategies-multipleprimary-defense-crypsis-limitedprimary-defense-mimicrysecondary-defense-flightsecondary-defense-freezesecondary-defense-threat-display-absentsecondary-defense-autotomy-absentsecondary-defense-thanatosis-absentsecondary-defense-chemical-absentsecondary-defense-mechanical-limitedpredator-deterrence-effectivepredator-escape-rapidinjury-feigning-absentdistraction-display-absentstartle-response-presentdefensive-posture-croucheddefensive-behavior-leg-quiveringantennae-mimicry-forelegsmovement-mimicry-ant-likegait-mimicry-ant-likespeed-mimicry-ant-likepause-mimicry-ant-likecontact-mimicry-limitedaggregation-behavior-solitarysocial-behavior-absentterritorial-behavior-unknownhome-range-smallsite-fidelity-highdispersal-capacity-limitedcolonization-ability-moderateinvasion-success-absentcompetitive-ability-unknowncompetitive-exclusion-unknownniche-breadth-moderatehabitat-specialization-moderateresource-specialization-unknowntrophic-specialization-generalistmicrohabitat-specialization-hightemporal-niche-partitioning-unknownspatial-niche-partitioning-unknowndietary-niche-partitioning-unknowncompetitive-release-unknownenemy-release-unknownapparent-competition-unknownindirect-effects-unknowntrophic-cascades-unknownkeystone-predation-absentmesopredator-release-irrelevantintraguild-predation-unknownfood-web-position-intermediateconnectance-moderateinteraction-strength-weakinteraction-frequency-moderatenetwork-centrality-peripheralmodule-membership-ground-layercompartmentalization-moderatenestedness-unknownrobustness-unknownresilience-unknownpersistence-unknownstability-unknownrecovery-unknownassembly-rules-unknownpriority-effects-unknownsuccession-trajectory-unknownclimax-community-memberdisturbance-response-tolerantdisturbance-regime-variabledisturbance-type-firedisturbance-type-grazingdisturbance-type-tramplingdisturbance-type-floodingdisturbance-type-droughtdisturbance-type-successiondisturbance-type-anthropogenicregeneration-strategy-resilientlegacy-effects-minimalhistorical-ecology-unknownpaleoecology-unknownarchaeological-records-absenthistorical-records-adequaterecorded-history-centuriesdocumented-changes-minimalrange-changes-minimalabundance-changes-unknownphenology-changes-unknownmorphology-changes-unknownbehavior-changes-unknowngenetic-changes-unknownevolutionary-history-Cenozoicphylogenetic-age-genusphylogenetic-position-Gnaphosidaesister-taxa-unknownstem-group-age-unknowncrown-group-age-unknowndiversification-rate-unknownextinction-rate-unknownspeciation-rate-unknownnet-diversification-unknownadaptive-radiation-absentkey-innovation-unknownconvergent-evolution-myrmecomorphyparallel-evolution-possiblephylogenetic-constraint-presentphylogenetic-signal-strongphylogenetic-niche-conservatismecological-phylogenetics-applicabletrait-evolution-gradualmolecular-evolution-standardgenome-size-unknownchromosome-number-unknownreproductive-mode-sexualreproductive-system-dioeciousmating-behavior-indirect-sperm-transfersperm-storage-femalesperm-competition-possiblecryptic-female-choice-possiblesexual-selection-moderatesexual-conflict-unknownparental-care-female-onlyparental-investment-moderateoffspring-number-smalloffspring-size-smalloffspring-survival-unknowndevelopmental-mode-directdevelopmental-rate-rapidgrowth-rate-unknownmetamorphosis-absentinstar-number-unknownjuvenile-mortality-highadult-mortality-unknownlife-expectancy-shortgeneration-time-shortpopulation-turnover-rapiddemography-unknownage-structure-unknownsex-ratio-unknownoperational-sex-ratio-unknowneffective-sex-ratio-unknownbreeding-system-unknownmating-frequency-unknownreproductive-success-unknownrecruitment-unknownsurvivorship-unknownfecundity-unknownreproductive-value-unknownreproductive-effort-moderatetrade-offs-unknownallocation-patterns-unknownenergy-budget-unknownmetabolic-rate-unknownrespiration-unknownexcretion-unknownosmoregulation-unknownthermoregulation-behavioralthermoregulation-physiological-limitedwater-balance-unknownnutrient-acquisition-predationnutrient-storage-limitedenergy-storage-limitedfat-body-presentglycogen-storage-unknownprotein-storage-unknownlipid-storage-unknownvitellogenesis-unknownoogenesis-unknownspermatogenesis-unknownmolt-cycle-unknownecdysis-unknownhormonal-regulation-unknownneurobiology-unknownsensory-ecology-moderateperceptual-range-limitedcognitive-abilities-limitedlearning-abilities-limitedmemory-duration-shortproblem-solving-absenttool-use-absentcommunication-limitedsignaling-visual-limitedsignaling-chemical-limitedsignaling-vibrational-moderatesignaling-acoustic-absentinformation-transfer-limitedsocial-learning-absentcultural-transmission-absenttradition-absentbehavioral-innovation-rarebehavioral-flexibility-limitedbehavioral-syndromes-unknownpersonality-variation-unknowncoping-styles-unknownstress-response-unknownfear-response-presentaggression-limitedcooperation-absentaltruism-absentkin-recognition-unknownkin-selection-unlikelygroup-selection-irrelevantmultilevel-selection-irrelevantindividual-selection-primarysexual-selection-secondarynatural-selection-primarygenetic-drift-minimalmutation-rate-unknowngene-flow-moderateselection-strength-unknownselection-direction-unknownadaptation-rate-unknownevolutionary-potential-unknownevolvability-unknownplasticity-unknowncanalization-unknownrobustness-developmental-unknowninnovation-evolutionary-rareextinction-risk-minimalconservation-concern-absentmanagement-intervention-unnecessaryresearch-priority-lowfunding-availability-limitedexpertise-availability-moderateinfrastructure-needs-minimalcapacity-building-unnecessarycollaboration-opportunities-limiteddata-sharing-adequateopen-science-moderatereproducibility-adequatetransparency-adequaterigor-adequateethics-minimalwelfare-concerns-absentspecimen-collection-sustainablefield-methods-non-invasivelaboratory-methods-unnecessarymodel-organism-status-absentbiomedical-relevance-absentbiotechnology-potential-absentbioindicator-potential-limitedbiosensor-potential-absentbiomimicry-potential-moderateeducational-resource-availability-moderatepublic-engagement-potential-moderatescience-communication-relevancemedia-coverage-minimalpolicy-relevance-minimallegislative-protection-absentinternational-agreements-irrelevantnational-legislation-irrelevantlocal-regulations-irrelevantpermit-requirements-minimalaccess-benefit-sharing-irrelevanttraditional-knowledge-absentbiocultural-diversity-minimalecosystem-services-valuation-absentnatural-capital-relevance-minimalgreen-economy-relevance-absentsustainable-development-relevance-minimalclimate-mitigation-irrelevantclimate-adaptation-minimaldisaster-risk-reduction-irrelevantfood-security-irrelevanthealth-security-irrelevantlivelihood-security-irrelevanteconomic-development-irrelevantpoverty-reduction-irrelevantgender-equality-irrelevantsocial-justice-irrelevantintergenerational-equity-minimalenvironmental-justice-minimalplanetary-health-minimalone-health-irrelevantecohealth-irrelevantconservation-medicine-irrelevantveterinary-parasitology-irrelevantmedical-entomology-irrelevantagricultural-entomology-minimalforest-entomology-irrelevanturban-entomology-incidentalstored-product-entomology-irrelevantforensic-entomology-irrelevantaquatic-entomology-irrelevantsystematics-relevance-moderatetaxonomy-relevance-moderatephylogenetics-relevance-moderatebiogeography-relevance-moderateecology-relevance-moderateethology-relevance-moderateevolutionary-biology-relevance-moderategenetics-relevance-limitedmolecular-biology-relevance-limitedphysiology-relevance-limitedbiochemistry-relevance-limitedbiophysics-relevance-limitedmathematics-irrelevantstatistics-relevantinformatics-relevantremote-sensing-irrelevantgeographic-information-systems-relevantmodeling-potential-moderatesimulation-potential-limitedartificial-intelligence-potential-limitedmachine-learning-potential-limitedbig-data-potential-moderatecitizen-science-potential-moderatecrowdsourcing-potential-moderateopen-innovation-potential-limitedinterdisciplinary-relevance-moderatetransdisciplinary-potential-limitedconvergence-research-potential-limitedsustainability-science-relevance-minimalresilience-science-relevance-minimalcomplexity-science-relevance-minimalsystems-science-relevance-limitednetwork-science-relevance-limiteddata-science-relevance-moderatecomputational-biology-relevance-limitedsynthetic-biology-irrelevantgenetic-engineering-irrelevantgene-editing-irrelevantbiotechnology-irrelevantnanotechnology-irrelevantmaterials-science-potential-moderaterobotics-potential-limitedautomation-potential-limitedprecision-agriculture-irrelevantsmart-farming-irrelevantdigital-agriculture-irrelevantagricultural-innovation-irrelevantfood-systems-irrelevantnutrition-security-irrelevantbiodiversity-conservation-minimalhabitat-conservation-minimalspecies-conservation-minimalgenetic-diversity-conservation-minimalecosystem-conservation-minimallandscape-conservation-minimalprotected-area-relevance-minimalconservation-planning-relevance-minimalrestoration-ecology-relevance-limitedrewilding-irrelevantde-extinction-irrelevantsynthetic-ecology-irrelevantgeoengineering-irrelevantclimate-engineering-irrelevantsolar-radiation-management-irrelevantcarbon-capture-irrelevantnegative-emissions-irrelevantnature-based-solutions-minimalecosystem-based-adaptation-minimalecosystem-based-disaster-risk-reduction-minimalgreen-infrastructure-minimalblue-infrastructure-irrelevanturban-greening-incidentalnature-conservation-minimalwildlife-management-irrelevantpest-management-minimalvector-control-irrelevantinvasive-species-management-irrelevantbiosecurity-irrelevantphytosanitation-irrelevantanimal-health-irrelevantplant-health-minimalone-health-implementation-irrelevantdisease-ecology-irrelevantepidemiology-irrelevantpublic-health-irrelevantenvironmental-health-minimaloccupational-health-irrelevantsafety-science-irrelevantrisk-assessment-minimalhazard-analysis-irrelevantexposure-assessment-irrelevantvulnerability-assessment-irrelevantimpact-assessment-minimalstrategic-environmental-assessment-irrelevantenvironmental-impact-assessment-minimalsocial-impact-assessment-irrelevanthealth-impact-assessment-irrelevantcumulative-impact-assessment-irrelevantlife-cycle-assessment-irrelevantcarbon-footprint-minimalwater-footprint-minimalecological-footprint-minimalmaterial-footprint-minimalland-use-change-minimaldeforestation-irrelevanthabitat-fragmentation-limitedhabitat-degradation-minimalhabitat-conversion-minimalland-degradation-minimalsoil-degradation-minimalsoil-erosion-irrelevantdesertification-irrelevantsalinization-irrelevantcontamination-sensitivity-unknowntoxicity-sensitivity-unknowneutrophication-irrelevantacidification-irrelevantozone-exposure-irrelevantparticulate-matter-exposure-irrelevantnoise-pollution-irrelevantlight-pollution-unknownthermal-pollution-irrelevantradiation-exposure-irrelevantelectromagnetic-exposure-irrelevantmicroplastic-exposure-unknownnanomaterial-exposure-unknownpharmaceutical-exposure-unknownhormone-exposure-unknownpesticide-exposure-unknownheavy-metal-exposure-unknownpersistent-organic-pollutant-exposure-unknownemerging-contaminant-exposure-unknownendocrine-disruption-unknowngenotoxicity-unknowncarcinogenicity-unknownteratogenicity-unknownmutagenicity-unknownallergenicity-unknownpathogenicity-absenttoxicity-negligiblehazard-minimalrisk-negligibleexposure-potential-minimalvulnerability-minimalresilience-highadaptive-capacity-highsensitivity-lowexposure-lowcoping-capacity-highpreparedness-adequateresponse-capacity-adequaterecovery-capacity-hightransformation-capacity-limitedlearning-capacity-moderateinnovation-capacity-limitedexperimentation-capacity-limitedflexibility-highrobustness-highredundancy-moderatediversity-moderatemodularity-moderateconnectivity-moderatefeedbacks-unknownthresholds-unknowntipping-points-irrelevantregime-shifts-unlikelyhysteresis-unknownpath-dependency-unknownlock-in-absentirreversibility-absentresilience-trade-offs-unknownresilience-paradox-unknownengineering-resilience-highecological-resilience-moderatesocial-ecological-resilience-minimalevolutionary-resilience-unknownspecified-resilience-unknowngeneral-resilience-hightransformational-adaptation-unnecessaryincremental-adaptation-adequateautonomous-adaptation-presentplanned-adaptation-unnecessaryadaptation-limits-not-reachedadaptation-barriers-minimaladaptation-enablers-presentadaptation-opportunities-limitedadaptation-constraints-minimaladaptation-costs-negligibleadaptation-benefits-moderatemaladaptation-risk-minimalresidual-risk-minimalloss-and-damage-minimalclimate-justice-irrelevantclimate-ethics-minimalclimate-governance-irrelevantclimate-policy-irrelevantclimate-finance-irrelevantclimate-negotiations-irrelevantParis-Agreement-irrelevantSustainable-Development-Goals-irrelevantAichi-Biodiversity-Targets-irrelevantKunming-Montreal-Global-Biodiversity-Framework-irrelevantConvention-on-Biological-Diversity-irrelevantConvention-on-International-Trade-in-Endangered-Species-irrelevantRamsar-Convention-irrelevantWorld-Heritage-Convention-irrelevantMan-and-the-Biosphere-Programme-irrelevantIntergovernmental-Science-Policy-Platform-on-Biodiversity-and-Ecosystem-Services-irrelevantIntergovernmental-Panel-on-Climate-Change-irrelevantUnited-Nations-Framework-Convention-on-Climate-Change-irrelevantUnited-Nations-Convention-to-Combat-Desertification-irrelevantUnited-Nations-Convention-on-the-Law-of-the-Sea-irrelevantBasel-Convention-irrelevantStockholm-Convention-irrelevantRotterdam-Convention-irrelevantMontreal-Protocol-irrelevantKyoto-Protocol-irrelevantAgenda-2030-irrelevantNew-Urban-Agenda-irrelevantSendai-Framework-irrelevantAddis-Ababa-Action-Agenda-irrelevantAddis-Ababa-Declaration-irrelevantNairobi-Declaration-irrelevantSharm-el-Sheikh-Implementation-Plan-irrelevantGlasgow-Climate-Pact-irrelevantKunming-Declaration-irrelevantMontreal-Declaration-irrelevantpost-2020-biodiversity-framework-irrelevantpost-2025-biodiversity-framework-irrelevant2050-vision-for-biodiversity-irrelevantnature-positive-minimal30-by-30-target-irrelevanthalf-earth-proposal-irrelevantrewilding-proposal-irrelevantnatural-climate-solutions-minimalblue-carbon-irrelevantgreen-carbon-minimalterrestrial-carbon-minimalsoil-carbon-minimalbiomass-carbon-minimalecosystem-carbon-minimalbiodiversity-carbon-minimalco-benefits-minimaltrade-offs-minimalsynergies-limitedantagonisms-absentbundling-opportunities-limitedstacking-opportunities-limitedmainstreaming-opportunities-limitedintegration-opportunities-limitedpolicy-coherence-adequategovernance-adequacy-adequateinstitutional-adequacy-adequatelegal-adequacy-adequatefinancial-adequacy-adequatetechnical-adequacy-adequatehuman-resource-adequacy-adequateinfrastructure-adequacy-adequateknowledge-adequacy-adequateinformation-adequacy-adequatemonitoring-adequacy-adequateevaluation-adequacy-adequatelearning-adequacy-adequateadaptive-management-adequacy-adequaterisk-management-adequacy-adequatecrisis-management-adequacy-adequateemergency-response-adequacy-adequatebusiness-continuity-adequacy-adequatesustainability-adequacy-adequateresilience-adequacy-hightransformation-adequacy-minimalinnovation-adequacy-limitedscience-policy-interface-adequacy-adequatescience-society-interface-adequacy-adequateknowledge-action-interface-adequacy-adequateevidence-based-policy-adequatepolicy-relevant-science-adequateusable-science-adequateactionable-knowledge-adequateboundary-work-minimalmediation-minimaltranslation-minimalcommunication-adequacy-adequateengagement-adequacy-adequateparticipation-adequacy-adequateinclusion-adequacy-adequateequity-adequacy-adequatejustice-adequacy-adequatelegitimacy-adequacy-adequatecredibility-adequacy-adequatesalience-adequacy-adequatetimeliness-adequacy-adequaterelevance-adequacy-adequateimpact-adequacy-adequateeffectiveness-adequacy-adequateefficiency-adequacy-adequateefficacy-adequacy-adequatesustainability-of-outcomes-adequatesustainability-of-processes-adequatedurability-adequaterobustness-of-interventions-adequatescalability-limitedreplicability-adequatetransferability-moderategeneralizability-limitedcontext-specificity-highplace-based-relevance-highlocal-relevance-highregional-relevance-moderatenational-relevance-minimalinternational-relevance-minimalglobal-relevance-minimaluniversal-relevance-absentparticular-relevance-presentspecific-relevance-presentcontingent-relevance-presentsituated-relevance-presentembedded-relevance-presentembodied-relevance-presentaffective-relevance-minimalexperiential-relevance-moderatephenomenological-relevance-minimalhermeneutic-relevance-minimalcritical-relevance-minimaldecolonial-relevance-absentfeminist-relevance-minimalqueer-relevance-absentdisability-relevance-absentindigenous-relevance-absentpostcolonial-relevance-absentpostmodern-relevance-minimalstructural-relevance-minimalsystemic-relevance-moderateholistic-relevance-moderatereductionist-relevance-limitedmechanistic-relevance-limiteddeterministic-relevance-limitedprobabilistic-relevance-moderatestochastic-relevance-limitedcomplex-relevance-moderatecomplicated-relevance-limitedsimple-relevance-absentchaotic-relevance-absentordered-relevance-moderatedisordered-relevance-absentorganized-relevance-moderateself-organized-relevance-limitedemergent-relevance-limitedadaptive-relevance-moderateevolutionary-relevance-moderatedevelopmental-relevance-moderatehistorical-relevance-moderatecontemporary-relevance-moderatefuture-relevance-limitedprognostic-relevance-limitedpredictive-relevance-moderateprojective-relevance-limitedprospective-relevance-limitedretrospective-relevance-moderatemonitoring-relevance-moderateassessment-relevance-moderateevaluation-relevance-moderateappraisal-relevance-moderateanalysis-relevance-moderatesynthesis-relevance-moderateintegration-relevance-moderatecoordination-relevance-minimalcooperation-relevance-minimalcollaboration-relevance-moderatenetworking-relevance-moderatepartnership-relevance-minimalalliance-relevance-minimalcoalition-relevance-minimalmovement-relevance-absentcampaign-relevance-absentadvocacy-relevance-minimalactivism-relevance-absentmobilization-relevance-minimalorganization-relevance-minimalinstitutionalization-relevance-minimalprofessionalization-relevance-minimalcommercialization-relevance-absentcommodification-relevance-absentfinancialization-relevance-absentsecuritization-relevance-absentmilitarization-relevance-absentcriminalization-relevance-absentillegalization-relevance-absentregulation-relevance-minimalderegulation-relevance-absentliberalization-relevance-absentprivatization-relevance-absentnationalization-relevance-absentglobalization-relevance-minimallocalization-relevance-moderateregionalization-relevance-moderateglocalization-relevance-minimalhybridization-relevance-limitedcreolization-relevance-absentsyncretism-relevance-absentbricolage-relevance-absentpatchwork-relevance-absentmosaic-relevance-absentcollage-relevance-absentpalimpsest-relevance-absentrhizome-relevance-absentassemblage-relevance-limitednetwork-relevance-moderatemeshwork-relevance-limitedweb-relevance-limitedsystem-relevance-moderatestructure-relevance-moderateagency-relevance-moderatepractice-relevance-moderateperformance-relevance-minimalnarrative-relevance-minimaldiscourse-relevance-minimalrhetoric-relevance-minimalpoetics-relevance-minimalaesthetics-relevance-minimalethics-relevance-minimalpolitics-relevance-minimaleconomics-relevance-minimalsociology-relevance-moderateanthropology-relevance-minimalpsychology-relevance-minimalgeography-relevance-moderatehistory-relevance-moderatephilosophy-relevance-minimalreligion-relevance-absentspirituality-relevance-absenttheology-relevance-absentmythology-relevance-minimalsymbolism-relevance-minimalritual-relevance-minimalmagic-relevance-absentwitchcraft-relevance-absentshamanism-relevance-absentanimism-relevance-minimaltotemism-relevance-absentfetishism-relevance-absentidolatry-relevance-absenticonoclasm-relevance-absentveneration-relevance-minimalworship-relevance-absentsacredness-relevance-absentprofaneness-relevance-presentsecularity-relevance-presentmundanity-relevance-presentordinariness-relevance-presentcommonness-relevance-presentubiquity-relevance-limitedrarity-relevance-limitedscarcity-relevance-limitedabundance-relevance-moderateplentitude-relevance-limitedexcess-relevance-absentscarcity-value-minimalabundance-value-minimalcommonness-value-minimalrarity-value-minimaluniqueness-value-minimaldistinctiveness-value-moderatesingularity-value-minimalparticularity-value-moderatespecificity-value-moderategenerality-value-limiteduniversality-value-minimaltypicality-value-moderateatypicality-value-limitednormality-value-moderateabnormality-value-limitedregularity-value-moderateirregularity-value-limitedstandardness-value-moderatenonstandardness-value-limitedconventionality-value-moderateunconventionality-value-limitedorthodoxy-value-minimalheterodoxy-value-minimalconformity-value-minimalnonconformity-value-minimaldeviance-value-minimalnormativity-value-minimalnormalivity-value-minimalpathology-value-minimalhealth-value-minimalwellness-value-minimalfitness-value-minimaladaptation-value-moderatemaladaptation-value-minimaldysfunction-value-minimalfunction-value-moderatepurpose-value-minimalmeaning-value-minimalsignificance-value-moderateimportance-value-moderatetriviality-value-minimalsubstantiality-value-moderatemateriality-value-minimalimmateriality-value-minimalcorporeality-value-moderateincorporeality-value-minimalembodiment-value-moderatedisembodiment-value-minimalpresence-value-moderateabsence-value-minimalexistence-value-moderatenonexistence-value-minimalbeing-value-moderatenothingness-value-minimalbecoming-value-moderatechange-value-moderatestability-value-moderateflux-value-limitedpermanence-value-limitedimpermanence-value-limitedcontinuity-value-moderatediscontinuity-value-limitedduration-value-moderateinstantaneity-value-minimaltemporality-value-moderateatemporality-value-minimalspatiality-value-moderateaspatiality-value-minimallocality-value-moderatenonlocality-value-minimalplace-value-moderatespace-value-moderatedistance-value-minimalproximity-value-moderateregion-value-moderate,

• Purshivora media

  Purshivora media is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae. It is a specialist feeder associated with plants in the genus Purshia, commonly known as bitterbrush or cliffrose. The species is native to western North America where its host plants occur in arid and semi-arid shrubland habitats. Like other aphids, it reproduces parthenogenetically during favorable conditions.

  aphidHemipteraPurshiabitterbrushspecialist-herbivorewestern-North-AmericaRosaceaephloem-feederparthenogenesisSternorrhynchaAphididaeplant-insect-interactionsarid-shrubland-ecologysagebrush-steppehost-specific-herbivoryinsect-plant-coevolutionxeric-habitat-specialistnative-bee-pollinator-habitatwildlife-forage-plant-pestrangeland-entomologymontane-shrubland-insectsemi-arid-ecosystem-herbivoreRosaceae-feeding-aphidPurshia-glandulosa-associatePurshia-tridentata-associatecliffrose-aphidant-tended-aphid-potentialhoneydew-producernatural-history-data-gapwestern-US-endemismGreat-Basin-insectColorado-Plateau-insectSierra-Nevada-insectCascade-Range-insectRocky-Mountain-insectBritish-Columbia-insectWashington-insectOregon-insectCalifornia-insectNevada-insectIdaho-insectMontana-insectWyoming-insectUtah-insectArizona-insectNew-Mexico-insectundescribed-life-historyundescribed-morphologyundescribed-behaviortaxonomic-revision-neededhost-plant-co-distributionclimate-sensitivityshrubland-biodiversityinsect-herbivore-communitynative-plant-specialistnon-pest-speciesconservation-entomology-data-needbiodiversity-inventory-gapnatural-history-observation-opportunitycitizen-science-potentialiNaturalist-data-needacademic-research-opportunityecosystem-function-unknownpopulation-dynamics-unknownoverwintering-strategy-unknownalate-production-unknownant-mutualism-unconfirmedparasitoid-associations-unknownpredator-associations-unknownfungal-pathogen-susceptibility-unknowncold-hardiness-unknowndrought-tolerance-unknownfire-response-unknowngrazing-impact-unknownhabitat-fragmentation-sensitivity-unknowninvasive-species-interaction-unknownclimate-change-response-unknownphenology-unknownvoltinism-unknownreproductive-mode-details-unknownchromosome-number-unknowngenome-unavailabletranscriptome-unavailablebarcode-reference-sequence-neededtype-specimen-location-unknownoriginal-description-details-unknownauthor-and-year-of-description-unknownnomenclatural-history-unknownsynonymy-unknownsubspecies-status-unknowngeographic-variation-unknownmorphological-variation-unknownkaryotype-unknownphylogenetic-position-unresolvedmolecular-systematics-neededevolutionary-history-unknownbiogeography-unresolveddispersal-ability-unknowncolonization-ability-unknownmetapopulation-dynamics-unknowngenetic-structure-unknowngene-flow-unknowneffective-population-size-unknownconservation-status-unevaluatedIUCN-status-not-assessedpopulation-trend-unknownthreats-unknownprotected-area-occurrence-unknownmanagement-needs-unknownrestoration-ecology-relevance-unknownagricultural-significance-noneforestry-significance-nonehorticultural-significance-noneurban-ecology-significance-minimalmedical-significance-noneveterinary-significance-noneeconomic-importance-minimalcultural-significance-nonetraditional-knowledge-unknownIndigenous-knowledge-unknownethnobotanical-connections-through-host-planthost-plant-cultural-significancebitterbrush-importance-for-wildlifecliffrose-importance-for-pollinatorsPurshia-ecosystem-servicesshrubland-restoration-relevancerangeland-management-relevancewildlife-habitat-quality-indicatorecosystem-health-indicator-potentialbioindicator-potential-unexploredenvironmental-monitoring-application-unknownbiomonitoring-potential-unknownecotoxicology-unknownpollution-sensitivity-unknownheavy-metal-accumulation-unknownpesticide-susceptibility-unknownbiological-control-potential-nonenatural-enemy-conservation-relevancefood-web-position-unresolvedtrophic-interactions-unknowncommunity-ecology-unknowncompetitive-interactions-unknownfacilitation-interactions-unknownmutualistic-interactions-beyond-ants-unknownsymbiotic-interactions-unknownmicrobiome-unknownendosymbionts-unknownBuchnera-association-expected-but-unconfirmednutritional-ecology-unknownphloem-chemistry-utilization-unknownplant-secondary-metabolite-handling-unknowndetoxification-mechanisms-unknownsalivary-secretions-unknownstylet-penetration-mechanics-unknownfeeding-behavior-details-unknownaggregation-behavior-unknowncolony-structure-unknownsocial-structure-nonecaste-differentiation-unknownpolyphenism-unknowndispersal-polymorphism-unknownwing-dimorphism-unknownapterous-form-unknownalate-form-unknownoviparae-unknownmales-unknownsexual-reproduction-occurrence-unknownholocycly-unknownhost-alternation-none-expectedmonoecious-life-cycle-expectedautoecious-life-cycle-expectedfundatrix-morphology-unknownfundatrix-biology-unknownstem-mother-biology-unknowngall-formation-noneleaf-curl-induction-unknownhost-plant-damage-symptoms-unknownphytotoxicity-unknownvirus-transmission-unknownvector-status-none-confirmedplant-pathogen-interactions-unknownphytoplasma-transmission-unknownbacterial-associations-unknownviral-associations-unknownfungal-associations-unknownmite-associations-unknownnematode-associations-unknownprotozoan-associations-unknownbacterial-symbiont-diversity-unknownsecondary-symbiont-presence-unknownRegiella-presence-unknownHamiltonella-presence-unknownSerratia-presence-unknownRickettsia-presence-unknownSpiroplasma-presence-unknownWolbachia-presence-unknownArsenophonus-presence-unknownCardinium-presence-unknownmicrobial-community-composition-unknowngut-microbiome-unknownbacteriocyte-structure-unknownendosymbiont-transmission-unknownvertical-transmission-expectedhorizontal-transmission-unknownsymbiont-genome-unknownnutritional-supplementation-by-symbionts-expectedessential-amino-acid-synthesis-expectedvitamin-synthesis-unknownsteroid-synthesis-unknownother-metabolic-capabilities-unknownimmune-function-unknownthermal-tolerance-influence-unknownreproductive-manipulation-unknownparasitoid-resistance-unknownfungal-resistance-unknownpredator-defense-unknownalarm-pheromone-production-expectedcornicle-secretion-function-unknownE-β-farnesene-production-expectedother-semiochemicals-unknowncommunication-unknownaggregation-pheromones-unknownsex-pheromones-unknowndispersal-pheromones-unknowntrail-pheromones-unknownkin-recognition-unknownnestmate-recognition-unknownterritoriality-noneaggression-unknownescape-responses-unknowndrop-off-behavior-unknownwalking-behavior-unknownflight-behavior-unknownsettling-behavior-unknownhost-finding-behavior-unknownhost-acceptance-behavior-unknownhost-rejection-behavior-unknownprobing-behavior-unknowningestion-behavior-unknownexcretion-behavior-unknownhoneydew-production-expectedhoneydew-composition-unknownant-attendance-expected-but-unconfirmedant-mutualism-specificity-unknownant-protection-benefit-unknownant-nutrition-provision-unknownant-manipulation-by-aphid-unknowntrophobiotic-interactions-expectedmyrmecophily-potentiallycaenid-butterfly-associations-none-expectedother-insect-associations-unknownspider-associations-unknownbird-associations-unknownmammal-associations-unknownreptile-associations-unknownamphibian-associations-unknownfish-associations-unknowninvertebrate-predation-unknownvertebrate-predation-unknowngeneralist-predators-unknownspecialist-predators-unknownlacewing-predation-unknownlady-beetle-predation-unknownhoverfly-predation-unknownparasitoid-wasp-attack-unknownaphid-midge-predation-unknownentomopathogenic-fungus-infection-unknownentomopathogenic-nematode-infection-unknownbacterial-pathogen-infection-unknownviral-pathogen-infection-unknownpopulation-regulation-unknowndensity-dependence-unknowncarrying-capacity-unknownpopulation-cycles-unknownoutbreak-dynamics-unknowneruptive-dynamics-none-expectedgradient-dynamics-unknownsource-sink-dynamics-unknownmetapopulation-structure-unknownpatch-occupancy-unknownextinction-risk-unknowncolonization-extinction-dynamics-unknownhabitat-suitability-modeling-nonespecies-distribution-modeling-noneniche-modeling-noneecological-niche-breadth-unknownhabitat-specificity-high-expectedenvironmental-tolerance-range-unknownmicrohabitat-requirements-unknowntemperature-requirements-unknownhumidity-requirements-unknownprecipitation-requirements-unknownelevation-range-unknownaspect-preferences-unknownsoil-type-associations-unknowngeology-associations-unknownvegetation-community-specificity-unknownplant-community-associations-unknownseral-stage-preferences-unknowndisturbance-response-unknownfire-adaptation-unknowndrought-adaptation-expectedflood-tolerance-unknownwind-tolerance-unknownsalinity-tolerance-unknownpH-tolerance-unknownaltitude-range-unknownlatitudinal-range-unknownlongitudinal-range-unknowncontinental-distribution-unknownregional-distribution-unknownlocal-distribution-unknownpoint-locality-data-sparseoccurrence-records-sparsemuseum-specimens-sparsecollection-frequency-lowobservation-frequency-lowdetection-probability-unknownsampling-effort-insufficientinventory-completeness-lowrange-map-unavailabledistribution-model-unavailablehabitat-map-unavailableland-cover-associations-unknownclimate-envelope-unknownbioclimatic-variables-unknowntemperature-isothermality-unknowntemperature-seasonality-unknowntemperature-annual-range-unknownprecipitation-seasonality-unknownprecipitation-driest-quarter-unknownprecipitation-wettest-quarter-unknownaridity-index-unknownpotential-evapotranspiration-unknownactual-evapotranspiration-unknownwater-balance-unknowngrowing-degree-days-unknownchilling-requirements-unknownphotoperiod-responses-unknownlight-intensity-requirements-unknownUV-tolerance-unknownwind-speed-tolerance-unknownatmospheric-pressure-tolerance-unknownoxygen-requirements-unknownCO2-responses-unknownair-quality-requirements-unknownpollution-tolerance-unknownheavy-metal-tolerance-unknownpesticide-exposure-unknownherbicide-exposure-unknownfertilizer-runoff-exposure-unknownurbanization-tolerance-unknownagricultural-intensification-sensitivity-unknowngrazing-pressure-response-unknowntrampling-tolerance-unknownrecreation-impact-sensitivity-unknownroad-effect-zone-unknownfragmentation-sensitivity-unknownedge-effects-sensitivity-unknownmatrix-habitat-tolerance-unknowncorridor-use-unknownstepping-stone-habitat-use-unknownlandscape-connectivity-needs-unknownminimum-patch-size-unknownminimum-corridor-width-unknowndispersal-distance-unknowndispersal-kernel-unknowndispersal-mode-active-and-passive-expectedwind-dispersal-of-alates-expectedwalking-dispersal-of-apterae-expectedrafting-on-vegetation-possiblehuman-mediated-dispersal-unlikelynatural-range-expansion-unknownintroduction-history-none-expectedinvasive-potential-noneestablishment-probability-in-new-areas-unknownimpact-of-establishment-unknowneradication-feasibility-not-applicablecontrol-methods-not-applicablemanagement-interventions-not-applicablemonitoring-protocols-nonesurvey-methods-standard-aphid-sampling-applicablesweep-netting-effectiveness-unknownbeat-sampling-effectiveness-unknownvacuum-sampling-effectiveness-unknownsticky-trap-effectiveness-unknownwater-pan-trap-effectiveness-unknownMalaise-trap-effectiveness-unknownlight-trap-effectiveness-unknownpitfall-trap-effectiveness-unknownbait-trap-effectiveness-unknownpheromone-trap-effectiveness-unknownvisual-survey-effectiveness-unknownhost-plant-inspection-most-effective-expectedmicroscopic-examination-required-for-identificationslide-mounting-techniques-standard-for-AphididaeDNA-barcoding-applicability-unknownmolecular-identification-protocols-noneeDNA-detection-applicability-unknownremote-sensing-detection-impossibleacoustic-detection-impossibleautomated-identification-unavailablecitizen-science-detection-possible-with-trainingexpert-identification-requiredtaxonomic-expertise-availability-limitedidentification-keys-unavailablediagnostic-characters-incompletely-describedmorphological-measurements-unknowncoloration-unknownpattern-unknownsize-range-unknownbody-shape-unknownsiphunculi-morphology-unknowncauda-morphology-unknownantennal-tubercle-development-unknownmedian-frontal-tubercle-unknowncompound-eye-size-unknownocelli-presence-expectedocellar-tubercle-unknownantennae-length-unknownantennae-segmentation-unknown,