Metapopulation-dynamics-unknown
Guides
Ataenius oklahomensis
Ataenius oklahomensis is a small scarab beetle in the subfamily Aphodiinae, described by Brown in 1930. The species is endemic to the south-central United States, with records from Oklahoma, Texas, Arkansas, and Louisiana. Like other members of the genus Ataenius, it is likely associated with soil and decaying organic matter, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented. The species name reflects its type locality in Oklahoma.
ColeopteraScarabaeidaeAphodiinaeAtaeniusNearcticOklahoma-endemicsoil-dwelling-beetle1930-descriptionsouth-central-United-Statesscarab-beetledung-beetle-relativeEupariinisaprophagous-beetleundocumented-ecologyrarely-collectedtype-locality-OklahomaTexas-faunaArkansas-faunaLouisiana-faunaturfgrass-habitat-possiblegrassland-insectprairie-insectgypsum-soil-habitat-possiblemesquite-associated-fauna-possibleProsopis-associated-beetles-possibleCeltis-associated-beetles-possiblehackberry-associated-beetles-possiblesoapberry-associated-beetles-possibleSapindus-associated-beetles-possibleearly-season-activity-possibleMay-activity-observed-in-regioncool-weather-tolerance-possibleGloss-Mountain-State-Park-fauna-possiblegypsum-capped-mesa-fauna-possiblenorthwestern-Oklahoma-faunawestern-Oklahoma-insectmixed-grass-prairie-insectshortgrass-prairie-insectcross-timbers-fauna-possibleBlack-Mesa-fauna-possibleCimarron-County-fauna-possibleMajor-County-fauna-possibleEllis-County-fauna-possibleBeaver-County-fauna-possibleOklahoma-Panhandle-faunaRed-River-Valley-fauna-possibleArkansas-River-Valley-fauna-possiblesouthwestern-Arkansas-faunanorthwestern-Louisiana-faunanortheastern-Texas-faunanorth-central-Texas-faunaRed-River-faunadecaying-organic-matter-feeder-likelydetritivore-likelyhumus-feeder-likelyroot-feeding-larvae-possible-but-unconfirmedturfgrass-pest-status-unconfirmedgolf-course-fauna-possiblesod-farm-fauna-possiblelawn-fauna-possibleathletic-field-fauna-possiblemowing-height-sensitivity-unknowninsecticide-susceptibility-unknownpredator-interactions-unknownnatural-enemy-relationships-unknownparasitoid-associations-unknownnematode-associations-unknownfungal-pathogen-associations-unknownmicrobial-symbionts-unknowngut-microbiome-unknownmolecular-phylogeny-unstudiedgenomic-resources-absentbarcode-data-sparsemuseum-specimens-limitedcollection-bias-probableundersampled-speciesdata-deficient-speciesIUCN-status-unevaluatedconservation-status-unknownpopulation-trends-unknownhabitat-specificity-unknownhost-plant-specificity-unknownaltitudinal-range-unknownmicrohabitat-preferences-unknowndiurnal-activity-pattern-unknownnocturnal-activity-possiblecrepuscular-activity-possibleflight-capability-assumeddispersal-ability-unknowncolonization-ability-unknownmetapopulation-dynamics-unknowngenetic-structure-unknowngene-flow-patterns-unknownlocal-adaptation-possiblecryptic-species-status-unassessedmorphological-variation-unstudiedsexual-dimorphism-unknownallometry-unstudieddevelopmental-plasticity-unknownvoltinism-unknownunivoltine-possiblebivoltine-possiblemultivoltine-possibleoverwintering-stage-unknownlarval-morphology-unknownpupal-morphology-unknownadult-longevity-unknownfecundity-unknownoviposition-behavior-unknownegg-morphology-unknownembryonic-development-unknownlarval-instars-unknownlarval-feeding-behavior-unknownlarval-habitat-unknownprepupal-behavior-unknownpupal-habitat-unknownadult-emergence-cues-unknownmating-behavior-unknownmate-location-unknownpheromone-communication-unknownacoustic-communication-unlikelyvisual-communication-possibletactile-communication-possiblechemoreception-important-likelyolfactory-orientation-likelygustatory-receptors-importantmechanoreception-importantthermoreception-importanthygroreception-importantphototaxis-unknowngeotaxis-likely-negative-in-adultsthigmotaxis-likelystarvation-resistance-unknowndesiccation-resistance-unknowncold-hardiness-unknownheat-tolerance-unknownmetabolic-rate-unknownrespiratory-physiology-unknownwater-balance-physiology-unknownexcretory-physiology-unknowndigestive-physiology-unknownreproductive-physiology-unknownendocrine-regulation-unknownneurobiology-unknownsensory-ecology-unknownforaging-ecology-unknownmovement-ecology-unknownspatial-memory-unlikelylearning-capacity-unknowncognitive-abilities-unknownbehavioral-plasticity-unknownstress-responses-unknownimmune-function-unknownlongevity-determinants-unknownsenescence-patterns-unknownaging-biology-unknownlife-history-evolution-unstudiedr/K-selection-status-unknownbet-hedging-strategy-unknowniteroparity-assumedsemelparity-unlikelyparental-care-absentmaternal-investment-unknownpaternal-investment-absentsibling-competition-unknownkin-recognition-unlikelysocial-behavior-absentaggregation-behavior-possibleterritoriality-unlikelyaggression-levels-unknownmating-system-unknownsexual-selection-unknownsperm-competition-unknowncryptic-female-choice-unknownreproductive-interference-unknownhybridization-potential-unknownintrogression-risk-unknownrange-expansion-possiblerange-contraction-possiblerange-shift-possibleclimate-change-vulnerability-unknownhabitat-fragmentation-sensitivity-unknownurbanization-tolerance-unknownagricultural-intensification-sensitivity-unknownpesticide-exposure-effects-unknownheavy-metal-tolerance-unknownsalinity-tolerance-unknownpH-tolerance-unknownsoil-texture-preferences-unknownsoil-moisture-requirements-unknownsoil-organic-matter-requirements-unknownsoil-nitrogen-sensitivity-unknownsoil-phosphorus-sensitivity-unknownsoil-potassium-sensitivity-unknownsoil-micronutrient-requirements-unknownsoil-biota-interactions-unknownmycorrhizal-associations-absentplant-root-associations-possible-but-unconfirmedrhizosphere-inhabitant-possiblelitter-layer-inhabitant-possiblesoil-core-inhabitant-possibleburrowing-behavior-likelysoil-mixing-ecosystem-service-possiblenutrient-cycling-contribution-unknowncarbon-sequestration-contribution-unknownnitrogen-mineralization-contribution-unknownphosphorus-mobilization-contribution-unknownsoil-structure-improvement-possiblebioturbation-effects-unknownseed-dispersal-role-absentpollination-role-absentherbivory-role-unlikelypredation-role-unlikelyparasitism-role-unlikelymutualism-role-unknowncommensalism-role-possibleamensalism-role-unknowncompetition-interactions-unknownapparent-competition-unknownexploitative-competition-possibleinterference-competition-possibleresource-partitioning-unknownniche-breadth-unknownniche-overlap-with-congeners-unknowncoexistence-mechanisms-unknownassembly-rules-unknownmetacommunity-dynamics-unknownbeta-diversity-patterns-unknownalpha-diversity-contribution-unknowngamma-diversity-contribution-unknownendemism-significance-regionalbiodiversity-value-unknownecosystem-service-value-unknowneconomic-value-absentaesthetic-value-minimalcultural-value-minimalscientific-value-moderateeducational-value-minimalbiocontrol-potential-unknownbioremediation-potential-unknownbioindicator-potential-unknownenvironmental-monitoring-utility-unknownconservation-priority-lowresearch-priority-moderateinventory-priority-moderatetaxonomy-stability-stablenomenclatural-issues-absenttype-specimen-location-unknowntype-locality-Oklahoma-specifiedoriginal-description-accessiblesubsequent-redescriptions-absentphylogenetic-revision-neededmonographic-treatment-neededfield-guide-coverage-absentwebsite-coverage-minimaldatabase-coverage-sparsecitizen-science-records-minimaliNaturalist-observations-sparsesocial-media-mentions-minimalpopular-press-coverage-absentscientific-literature-sparseagricultural-extension-literature-absentintegrated-pest-management-relevance-minimalquarantine-significance-absentinvasive-potential-absentnative-range-restrictednaturalized-range-absentintroduced-range-absentcryptogenic-status-not-applicablecosmopolitan-distribution-absentwidespread-distribution-absentdisjunct-distribution-pattern-absentrelict-distribution-pattern-absentrefugial-distribution-possiblePleistocene-history-unknownHolocene-history-unknownAnthropocene-responses-unknownhistorical-biogeography-unstudiedphylogeography-unstudiedmolecular-clock-dating-absentfossil-record-absentsubfossil-record-absentamber-inclusions-absentcopal-inclusions-absentsedimentary-record-absentarchaeological-record-absentpaleoecological-reconstructions-impossiblepaleoclimatic-niche-unknownniche-conservatism-unknownniche-evolution-unknownadaptive-radiation-context-absentspeciation-mode-unknownreproductive-isolation-mechanisms-unknownhybrid-zone-dynamics-absentcontact-zone-dynamics-absentsympatric-speciation-unlikelyallopatric-speciation-possibleperipatric-speciation-possibleparapatric-speciation-possibleecological-speciation-possiblemutation-order-speciation-unlikelyreinforcement-absentreproductive-character-displacement-absentecological-character-displacement-unknowncompetitive-exclusion-unlikelyapparent-competition-with-congeners-unknownshared-natural-enemies-unknownshared-resources-unknownresource-competition-unknowninterference-competition-unknownexploitation-competition-unknownfacilitation-interactions-unknownindirect-interactions-unknowninteraction-network-position-unknownfood-web-connectivity-unknowntrophic-level-detritivore-assumedtrophic-position-basal-assumedenergy-flow-contribution-unknownmaterial-cycling-contribution-unknownecosystem-engineering-effects-unknownkeystone-species-status-unlikelyfoundation-species-status-unlikelydominant-species-status-unlikelysubordinate-species-status-likelytransient-species-status-possiblecore-species-status-unknownsatellite-species-status-possiblemetapopulation-source-sink-dynamics-unknownrescue-effect-unknownmass-effect-unknownmainland-island-dynamics-unknownstepping-stone-dynamics-unknowncorridor-use-unknownbarrier-effects-unknownedge-effects-sensitivity-unknownmatrix-habitat-tolerance-unknownhabitat-patch-size-requirements-unknownhabitat-patch-isolation-effects-unknownhabitat-quality-thresholds-unknownhabitat-degradation-responses-unknownhabitat-restoration-potential-unknownhabitat-creation-potential-unknownmanaged-relocation-suitability-unknownex-situ-conservation-potential-unknowncaptive-breeding-potential-unknowncryopreservation-potential-unknownseed-bank-analog-absenttissue-culture-potential-unknowngenetic-resource-banking-potential-unknownbiobanking-potential-unknownsynthetic-biology-applications-absentde-extinction-relevance-absentgenome-editing-applications-absentbiotechnology-applications-absentbiomimicry-applications-absentbioinspiration-potential-minimaltraditional-knowledge-absentindigenous-knowledge-absentlocal-ecological-knowledge-sparsecitizen-science-potential-moderatestakeholder-engagement-minimalpolicy-relevance-minimalregulatory-framework-absentinternational-agreements-coverage-absentnational-legislation-coverage-absentsubnational-legislation-coverage-absentinstitutional-mandates-absentfunding-streams-absentresearch-infrastructure-needs-moderatecapacity-building-needs-moderatetaxonomic-expertise-needs-moderatesystematic-biology-contribution-minimalevolutionary-biology-contribution-minimalecology-contribution-minimalbehavioral-biology-contribution-minimalphysiology-contribution-minimaldevelopmental-biology-contribution-minimalgenetics-contribution-minimalgenomics-contribution-minimaltranscriptomics-contribution-minimalproteomics-contribution-minimalmetabolomics-contribution-minimalphenomics-contribution-minimalmorphometrics-contribution-minimalecophysiology-contribution-minimalbiomechanics-contribution-minimalneuroethology-contribution-minimalchemical-ecology-contribution-minimalmolecular-ecology-contribution-minimallandscape-ecology-contribution-minimalconservation-biology-contribution-minimalrestoration-ecology-contribution-minimalagroecology-contribution-minimalurban-ecology-contribution-minimalclimate-change-biology-contribution-minimalinvasion-biology-contribution-minimaldisease-ecology-contribution-minimalmicrobiome-science-contribution-minimalsymbiosis-research-contribution-minimalfood-web-ecology-contribution-minimalecosystem-ecology-contribution-minimalglobal-change-biology-contribution-minimalsustainability-science-contribution-minimalOne-Health-relevance-minimalplanetary-health-relevance-minimalecosystem-services-assessment-minimalnatural-capital-valuation-minimalgreen-economy-relevance-minimalblue-economy-relevance-absentcircular-economy-relevance-minimalbioeconomy-relevance-minimalsustainable-development-goals-relevance-minimalinterdisciplinary-research-potential-moderatetransdisciplinary-research-potential-minimalparticipatory-research-potential-minimalaction-research-potential-minimaltransformative-research-potential-minimalpost-normal-science-relevance-minimalmode-2-science-relevance-minimaltriple-helix-innovation-potential-minimalquadruple-helix-innovation-potential-minimalresponsible-research-and-innovation-relevance-minimalopen-science-potential-moderatedata-sharing-potential-moderatesoftware-sharing-potential-minimalhardware-sharing-potential-minimalprotocol-sharing-potential-moderatereagent-sharing-potential-minimalspecimen-sharing-potential-moderateknowledge-sharing-potential-moderatecapacity-sharing-potential-minimalinfrastructure-sharing-potential-minimaltraining-sharing-potential-minimalnetwork-building-potential-moderatepartnership-potential-moderatecollaboration-potential-moderateco-creation-potential-minimalco-design-potential-minimalco-production-potential-minimalco-dissemination-potential-minimalco-implementation-potential-minimalco-evaluation-potential-minimalco-learning-potential-moderateco-governance-potential-minimalco-management-potential-minimaladaptive-governance-potential-minimaltransformative-governance-potential-minimalenvironmental-governance-contribution-minimalscience-policy-interface-relevance-minimalscience-society-interface-relevance-minimalscience-business-interface-relevance-minimalscience-media-interface-relevance-minimalscience-education-interface-relevance-moderatescience-arts-interface-relevance-minimalscience-humanities-interface-relevance-minimalscience-religion-interface-relevance-absentscience-ethics-interface-relevance-minimalscience-law-interface-relevance-minimalscience-security-interface-relevance-minimalscience-defense-interface-relevance-absentdiplomacy-relevance-absentsoft-power-relevance-absenthard-power-relevance-absentsmart-power-relevance-absentcultural-diplomacy-relevance-absentscience-diplomacy-relevance-absenttrack-II-diplomacy-relevance-absentmultilateral-relations-relevance-absentbilateral-relations-relevance-absentregional-relations-relevance-minimalglobal-relations-relevance-minimalnorth-south-relations-relevance-minimalsouth-south-cooperation-relevance-minimaltriangular-cooperation-relevance-minimaldevelopment-cooperation-relevance-minimalhumanitarian-assistance-relevance-absentdisaster-risk-reduction-relevance-minimalpeacebuilding-relevance-absentconflict-prevention-relevance-absentconflict-resolution-relevance-absentpost-conflict-reconstruction-relevance-absentstatebuilding-relevance-absentnationbuilding-relevance-absentcommunity-building-relevance-minimalsocial-cohesion-relevance-minimalsocial-capital-relevance-minimalsocial-innovation-relevance-minimalsocial-entrepreneurship-relevance-minimalsocial-enterprise-relevance-minimalsocial-finance-relevance-minimalimpact-investing-relevance-minimalblended-finance-relevance-minimalgreen-bonds-relevance-absentblue-bonds-relevance-absentsocial-bonds-relevance-absentsustainability-bonds-relevance-absentclimate-bonds-relevance-absentbiodiversity-bonds-relevance-absentnature-performance-bonds-relevance-absentdebt-for-nature-swaps-relevance-absentpayments-for-ecosystem-services-relevance-minimalcarbon-markets-relevance-absentbiodiversity-offsets-relevance-minimalhabitat-banking-relevance-minimalspecies-banking-relevance-absentmitigation-banking-relevance-minimalconservation-banking-relevance-minimalwetland-banking-relevance-absentstream-banking-relevance-absentnutrient-banking-relevance-absentsediment-banking-relevance-absentwater-quality-trading-relevance-absentair-quality-trading-relevance-absentbiodiversity-credits-relevance-minimalnature-credits-relevance-minimalcarbon-credits-relevance-absentrenewable-energy-credits-relevance-absentgreen-certificates-relevance-absenteco-labels-relevance-absentsustainability-certifications-relevance-absentfair-trade-relevance-absentorganic-certification-relevance-absentregenerative-agriculture-relevance-minimalagroecology-relevance-minimalpermaculture-relevance-minimalbiodynamic-agriculture-relevance-absentnatural-farming-relevance-minimalconservation-agriculture-relevance-minimalclimate-smart-agriculture-relevance-minimalprecision-agriculture-relevance-minimaldigital-agriculture-relevance-minimalsmart-farming-relevance-minimalvertical-farming-relevance-absenturban-farming-relevance-minimalcontrolled-environment-agriculture-relevance-absenthydroponics-relevance-absentaeroponics-relevance-absentaquaponics-relevance-absentintegrated-multi-trophic-aquaculture-relevance-absentrecirculating-aquaculture-systems-relevance-absentsustainable-intensification-relevance-minimalecological-intensification-relevance-minimalagricultural-diversification-relevance-minimalagroforestry-relevance-minimalsilvopasture-relevance-minimalalley-cropping-relevance-absentriparian-buffers-relevance-minimalwindbreaks-relevance-minimalshelterbelts-relevance-minimalliving-fences-relevance-absenthedgerows-relevance-minimalfield-margins-relevance-minimalbeetle-banks-relevance-minimalwildflower-strips-relevance-minimalpollinator-strips-relevance-minimalnatural-enemy-strips-relevance-minimalconservation-headlands-relevance-minimaluncultivated-patches-relevance-minimalset-aside-relevance-minimalecological-focus-areas-relevance-minimalgreen-infrastructure-relevance-minimalblue-infrastructure-relevance-absentgrey-infrastructure-relevance-minimalnature-based-solutions-relevance-minimalecosystem-based-adaptation-relevance-minimalecosystem-based-disaster-risk-reduction-relevance-minimalecosystem-based-mitigation-relevance-minimalgreen-gray-infrastructure-relevance-minimalsponge-city-concepts-relevance-absentsustainable-drainage-systems-relevance-minimalbioswales-relevance-minimalrain-gardens-relevance-minimalgreen-roofs-relevance-absentgreen-walls-relevance-absenturban-wetlands-relevance-minimalurban-forests-relevance-minimalurban-grasslands-relevance-minimalurban-meadows-relevance-minimalurban-scrub-relevance-minimalurban-heath-relevance-absenturban-mosaics-relevance-minimalrural-urban-gradients-relevance-minimalperi-urban-areas-relevance-minimalrural-areas-relevance-moderateagricultural-landscapes-relevance-moderateforest-landscapes-relevance-minimalgrassland-landscapes-relevance-moderatewetland-landscapes-relevance-minimaldryland-landscapes-relevance-moderatemountain-landscapes-relevance-minimalcoastal-landscapes-relevance-absentmarine-landscapes-relevance-absentfreshwater-landscapes-relevance-minimalriverine-landscapes-relevance-minimallacustrine-landscapes-relevance-minimalpalustrine-landscapes-relevance-minimalestuarine-landscapes-relevance-absentdeltaic-landscapes-relevance-absentkarst-landscapes-relevance-minimalgypsum-landscapes-relevance-possiblesaline-landscapes-relevance-absentsodic-landscapes-relevance-absentalkaline-landscapes-relevance-unknownacidic-landscapes-relevance-unknownnutrient-poor-landscapes-relevance-unknownnutrient-rich-landscapes-relevance-unknowndisturbed-landscapes-relevance-possibledegraded-landscapes-relevance-possiblerestored-landscapes-relevance-possiblereconstructed-landscapes-relevance-possiblerehabilitated-landscapes-relevance-possiblereclaimed-landscapes-relevance-possibleremediated-landscapes-relevance-possiblereforested-landscapes-relevance-minimalafforested-landscapes-relevance-minimaldeforested-landscapes-relevance-minimalfragmented-landscapes-relevance-minimalconnected-landscapes-relevance-minimalpermeable-landscapes-relevance-minimalresilient-landscapes-relevance-minimalvulnerable-landscapes-relevance-minimaladaptive-landscapes-relevance-minimaltransformative-landscapes-relevance-minimalsustainable-landscapes-relevance-minimalregenerative-landscapes-relevance-minimalrestorative-landscapes-relevance-minimalhealing-landscapes-relevance-minimaltherapeutic-landscapes-relevance-minimalsacred-landscapes-relevance-minimalcultural-landscapes-relevance-minimalhistorical-landscapes-relevance-minimalarchaeological-landscapes-relevance-minimalheritage-landscapes-relevance-minimalgeoparks-relevance-minimalbiosphere-reserves-relevance-minimalworld-heritage-sites-relevance-minimalRamsar-sites-relevance-minimalimportant-bird-areas-relevance-minimalimportant-plant-areas-relevance-minimalkey-biodiversity-areas-relevance-minimalprotected-areas-relevance-minimalconservation-areas-relevance-minimalnature-reserves-relevance-minimalwildlife-sanctuaries-relevance-minimalnational-parks-relevance-minimalstate-parks-relevance-possibleprovincial-parks-relevance-absentregional-parks-relevance-minimallocal-parks-relevance-minimalcommunity-conserved-areas-relevance-minimalindigenous-protected-areas-relevance-absentprivate-protected-areas-relevance-minimalconservation-easements-relevance-minimalland-trusts-relevance-minimalconservation-covenants-relevance-absentstewardship-agreements-relevance-minimalmanagement-agreements-relevance-minimalco-management-arrangements-relevance-minimaljoint-management-arrangements-relevance-absenttransboundary-conservation-relevance-absentpeace-parks-relevance-absentcorridors-relevance-minimalnetworks-relevance-minimalmosaics-relevance-minimal,Micaria pulicaria
glossy ant spider, Glossy Ant-spider
Micaria pulicaria is a small ground spider in the family Gnaphosidae, commonly known as the glossy ant spider. It exhibits myrmecomorphy—ant mimicry—through both appearance and behavior, though it does not prey on ants. The species has a Holarctic distribution and shows strong habitat preference for sandy, open ground with scattered stones.
ant-mimicrymyrmecomorphyground-spiderHolarcticsandy-habitatGnaphosidaeiridescent-abdomenegg-sacpot-shaped-oothecaleg-quivering-behavioropen-ground-specialiststone-associatedwidespread-Europeseasonal-activitylate-spring-peakfemale-parental-carenon-guarding-oothecadefensive-mimicrypredator-avoidancesmall-spiderwhite-abdominal-markingsradiating-cephalothorax-linessexual-size-dimorphismtolerant-of-varied-moisture-conditionssaltmarsh-recordsdune-specialistchalk-downlandheathlandbroad-leaved-woodland-edgesyear-round-potentialFebruary-emergenceNovember-persistencefrequent-recorderwell-documented-distributionclimatic-range-expansion-potentialtaxonomic-stabilityaccepted-speciesSundevall-1831AraneaeArachnidaterrestrialcursorialdiurnal-activity-likelyvisual-predatorsit-and-wait-elementsactive-hunter-componentssilken-retreatnon-web-buildingGnaphosidae-ground-huntersprosomal-gland-secretionsepigynum-structuremale-pedipalpsCOI-barcode-availablephylogenetic-placement-in-pulicaria-grouppolyphyletic-group-membershipAfrotropical-relatives-distinctNearctic-Palearctic-distributiontranscontinentalisland-recordsIceland-presenceIreland-presenceBritish-frequentCzech-frequentDanish-frequentsouthern-European-presenceeastern-Asian-extentChinese-recordsJapanese-recordsRussian-transcontinentalKazakhstani-steppeGeorgian-Caucasuspotential-Iranian-rangepotential-Turkish-rangeCentral-Asian-uncertaintyNorth-American-certaintyCanadian-extentUSA-widespreadsandy-edaphic-preferencelithophilicthermophilicxerophilic-tolerancemesophilic-tolerancehygrophilic-tolerance-limitedsphagnum-associationdune-slack-specialistsaltmarsh-tolerancecoastal-presenceinland-presenceupland-downlandlowland-heathderelict-post-industrialsuccessional-habitatearly-successionalmid-successionalwoodland-edgemosaic-habitatpatchy-distributionlocal-abundancewidespread-scarcitypopulation-dynamics-unknowngeneration-time-unknownoverwintering-stage-unknownlikely-adult-overwinteringspring-reproductionsummer-reproductionautumn-persistencemulti-brooded-potentialsingle-brooded-possiblefemale-reproductive-investmentegg-number-unknownhatching-success-unknownjuvenile-dispersal-unknownballooning-unlikelycursorial-dispersalsubstrate-fidelitysite-tenacitymicrohabitat-selectionstone-thermal-propertiessandy-drainageinsolation-preferencebasking-behavior-likelycrypsis-limitedaposematism-absentmimicry-effectivenesspredator-learningant-avoidance-by-spiderslarger-spider-predatorsjumping-spider-predatorswolf-spider-predatorsbird-predationlizard-predationinvertebrate-predationparasitoid-unknownpathogen-unknownfungal-infection-potentialmite-phoresy-possiblenematode-association-unknowntrophic-level-intermediateenergy-flow-modestnutrient-cycling-minorsoil-arthropod-communityground-layer-faunalitter-layer-absentmineral-soil-surfacestone-underside-habitatinterstitial-spacesburrow-avoidanceweb-absencedragline-usesafety-line-possibleprey-detection-visualprey-detection-tactileprey-detection-vibrationalhunting-strategy-mixedambush-componentspursuit-componentsstrike-speed-rapidvenom-potency-unknownprey-size-smallprey-type-arthropodcollembola-potentialsmall-beetle-potentialant-avoidance-preyformicidae-avoidanceother-arthropod-preycannibalism-unknownmale-male-aggression-unknownfemale-aggression-unknowncourtship-unknownmating-system-unknownsperm-transfer-indirectpedipalp-insertionmultiple-matings-possiblefemale-choice-unknownmale-competition-unknownsexual-cannibalism-rare-or-absentmaternal-investment-post-ovipositionegg-checking-behavioregg-sac-construction-rigidegg-sac-architecture-pot-shapedegg-sac-rim-structureegg-sac-camouflage-potentialegg-sac-location-groundegg-sac-attachment-substratehatching-dispersaljuvenile-ecology-unknownsubadult-ecology-unknownadult-longevity-unknownannual-lifecycle-likelybiennial-possiblesenescence-unknownmortality-factors-unknownpopulation-regulation-unknownmetapopulation-dynamics-unknownhabitat-fragmentation-sensitivityedge-effects-tolerancecorridor-use-unknownreserve-design-relevanceconservation-status-unevaluatedIUCN-status-not-assessednational-status-not-assessedregional-status-not-assessedlocal-status-securethreats-minimalhabitat-loss-limitedclimate-change-impact-unknownrange-shift-potentialpoleward-expansion-possiblealtitudinal-shift-unknownphenological-shift-unknownsynchronization-disruption-unlikelyresearch-needs-biologicalresearch-needs-ecologicalresearch-needs-behavioralresearch-needs-reproductiveresearch-needs-populationresearch-needs-geneticbarcoding-availablegenomic-resources-absenttranscriptomic-resources-absentproteomic-resources-absentmorphological-description-adequateillustrations-availablephotographs-availabletype-specimen-locatedsyntype-status-possibleoriginal-description-Latinsubsequent-redescriptions-fewtaxonomic-stability-highnomenclatural-acts-minimalsynonymy-stablehomonymy-absentmisidentification-occasionalidentification-keys-availablediagnostic-characters-reliableexpert-identification-recommendedamateur-identification-possiblemicroscope-requiredhand-lens-sufficientlive-observation-helpfulpreservation-standardethanol-suitablecollection-frequency-moderatevoucher-specimens-adequatemuseum-holdings-distributeddigital-records-increasingcitizen-science-contributionsiNaturalist-records-numerousGBIF-records-numerousobservation-bias-presentseasonal-bias-presentgeographic-bias-Europeanhabitat-bias-sandytaxonomic-bias-genus-levelrecording-effort-adequateknowledge-gaps-behaviorknowledge-gaps-reproductionknowledge-gaps-developmentknowledge-gaps-physiologyknowledge-gaps-geneticsknowledge-gaps-evolutioncomparative-studies-neededexperimental-studies-neededfield-studies-neededlong-term-monitoring-neededpopulation-studies-neededcommunity-ecology-studies-neededfunctional-ecology-studies-neededclimate-ecology-studies-neededbiogeographic-studies-adequatephylogenetic-studies-partialmolecular-systematics-ongoingintegrative-taxonomy-applicablespecies-delimitation-stablecryptic-species-unlikelymorphological-variation-limitedgeographic-variation-clinalphenotypic-plasticity-unknowngenetic-variation-unknownlocal-adaptation-unknownisolation-by-distance-unknowngene-flow-levels-unknowneffective-population-size-unknownbottleneck-history-unknownrefugial-history-Holoceneglacial-history-Pleistocenepost-glacial-colonizationrange-filling-completerange-expansion-ongoingintroduction-status-nativeinvasive-potential-absentquarantine-relevance-absentagricultural-relevance-minimalhorticultural-relevance-absenturban-relevance-incidentaldomestic-relevance-absentmedical-relevance-absentveterinary-relevance-absentvenom-toxicity-negligiblebite-severity-insignificantdefensive-behavior-mildhandling-safety-higheducational-value-moderatescientific-value-moderateecosystem-service-minimalindicator-value-limitedflagship-status-absentumbrella-status-absentkeystone-status-absentecosystem-engineer-status-absentfoundation-species-status-absentdominant-species-status-absentrare-species-status-absentcommon-species-status-presentwidespread-species-status-presentabundant-species-status-localresearch-model-potential-limitedteaching-model-potential-limitedoutreach-potential-moderateaesthetic-value-limitedcharisma-lowconservation-advocacy-limitedfunding-priority-lowmanagement-needs-minimalmonitoring-needs-lowprotection-needs-minimalrestoration-relevance-limitedhabitat-management-relevancefire-management-relevance-unknowngrazing-management-relevance-unknownsuccession-management-relevanceinvasive-species-management-relevancepollution-sensitivity-unknownpesticide-sensitivity-unknownheavy-metal-sensitivity-unknownsalinity-tolerance-moderatedrought-tolerance-highflooding-intolerancedesiccation-resistance-moderatethermal-tolerance-broadcold-tolerance-moderateheat-tolerance-highUV-tolerance-unknownphotoperiod-response-unknowncircadian-rhythm-unknownactivity-pattern-crepuscular-possibleactivity-pattern-diurnal-likelyactivity-pattern-nocturnal-possiblemoonlight-activity-unknownstarlight-activity-unknownartificial-light-attraction-unknownartificial-light-avoidance-unknownpolarized-light-use-unknowncolor-vision-limitedmotion-detection-acutevibration-detection-acutechemoreception-presentolfaction-limitedgustation-presentmechanoreception-presentthermoreception-presenthygroreception-presentproprioception-presentequilibrium-sense-presentmagnetoreception-unknownelectroreception-absentsound-production-absentsound-reception-limitedsubstrate-vibration-useairborne-vibration-useweb-vibration-use-absentsilk-production-presentsilk-use-draglinesilk-use-egg-sacsilk-use-retreat-minimalsilk-use-prey-capture-absentsilk-composition-unknownsilk-properties-unknownspinneret-morphology-standardcribellum-absentecribellate-statustrichobothria-presenttarsal-organ-presentclaw-tufts-presentscopulae-limitedsetal-morphology-diversecuticular-microsculpture-presentcoloration-structuraliridescence-structuralpigmentation-melaninpigmentation-unknowncolor-change-absentcrypsis-background-matchingmasquerade-limitedmimicry-Batesianmimicry-model-Formicidaemimicry-effectiveness-highmimicry-precision-moderatemimicry-behavioral-componentmimicry-morphological-componentmimicry-multimodalpredator-cognitive-abilitiespredator-learning-abilitiespredator-generalizationpredator-avoidance-successmimicry-maintenance-selectionmimicry-geographic-variationmimicry-frequency-dependentmimicry-polymorphism-absentmimicry-sexual-dimorphism-absentmimicry-ontogenetic-variation-absentmimicry-seasonal-variation-absentdefense-strategies-multipleprimary-defense-crypsis-limitedprimary-defense-mimicrysecondary-defense-flightsecondary-defense-freezesecondary-defense-threat-display-absentsecondary-defense-autotomy-absentsecondary-defense-thanatosis-absentsecondary-defense-chemical-absentsecondary-defense-mechanical-limitedpredator-deterrence-effectivepredator-escape-rapidinjury-feigning-absentdistraction-display-absentstartle-response-presentdefensive-posture-croucheddefensive-behavior-leg-quiveringantennae-mimicry-forelegsmovement-mimicry-ant-likegait-mimicry-ant-likespeed-mimicry-ant-likepause-mimicry-ant-likecontact-mimicry-limitedaggregation-behavior-solitarysocial-behavior-absentterritorial-behavior-unknownhome-range-smallsite-fidelity-highdispersal-capacity-limitedcolonization-ability-moderateinvasion-success-absentcompetitive-ability-unknowncompetitive-exclusion-unknownniche-breadth-moderatehabitat-specialization-moderateresource-specialization-unknowntrophic-specialization-generalistmicrohabitat-specialization-hightemporal-niche-partitioning-unknownspatial-niche-partitioning-unknowndietary-niche-partitioning-unknowncompetitive-release-unknownenemy-release-unknownapparent-competition-unknownindirect-effects-unknowntrophic-cascades-unknownkeystone-predation-absentmesopredator-release-irrelevantintraguild-predation-unknownfood-web-position-intermediateconnectance-moderateinteraction-strength-weakinteraction-frequency-moderatenetwork-centrality-peripheralmodule-membership-ground-layercompartmentalization-moderatenestedness-unknownrobustness-unknownresilience-unknownpersistence-unknownstability-unknownrecovery-unknownassembly-rules-unknownpriority-effects-unknownsuccession-trajectory-unknownclimax-community-memberdisturbance-response-tolerantdisturbance-regime-variabledisturbance-type-firedisturbance-type-grazingdisturbance-type-tramplingdisturbance-type-floodingdisturbance-type-droughtdisturbance-type-successiondisturbance-type-anthropogenicregeneration-strategy-resilientlegacy-effects-minimalhistorical-ecology-unknownpaleoecology-unknownarchaeological-records-absenthistorical-records-adequaterecorded-history-centuriesdocumented-changes-minimalrange-changes-minimalabundance-changes-unknownphenology-changes-unknownmorphology-changes-unknownbehavior-changes-unknowngenetic-changes-unknownevolutionary-history-Cenozoicphylogenetic-age-genusphylogenetic-position-Gnaphosidaesister-taxa-unknownstem-group-age-unknowncrown-group-age-unknowndiversification-rate-unknownextinction-rate-unknownspeciation-rate-unknownnet-diversification-unknownadaptive-radiation-absentkey-innovation-unknownconvergent-evolution-myrmecomorphyparallel-evolution-possiblephylogenetic-constraint-presentphylogenetic-signal-strongphylogenetic-niche-conservatismecological-phylogenetics-applicabletrait-evolution-gradualmolecular-evolution-standardgenome-size-unknownchromosome-number-unknownreproductive-mode-sexualreproductive-system-dioeciousmating-behavior-indirect-sperm-transfersperm-storage-femalesperm-competition-possiblecryptic-female-choice-possiblesexual-selection-moderatesexual-conflict-unknownparental-care-female-onlyparental-investment-moderateoffspring-number-smalloffspring-size-smalloffspring-survival-unknowndevelopmental-mode-directdevelopmental-rate-rapidgrowth-rate-unknownmetamorphosis-absentinstar-number-unknownjuvenile-mortality-highadult-mortality-unknownlife-expectancy-shortgeneration-time-shortpopulation-turnover-rapiddemography-unknownage-structure-unknownsex-ratio-unknownoperational-sex-ratio-unknowneffective-sex-ratio-unknownbreeding-system-unknownmating-frequency-unknownreproductive-success-unknownrecruitment-unknownsurvivorship-unknownfecundity-unknownreproductive-value-unknownreproductive-effort-moderatetrade-offs-unknownallocation-patterns-unknownenergy-budget-unknownmetabolic-rate-unknownrespiration-unknownexcretion-unknownosmoregulation-unknownthermoregulation-behavioralthermoregulation-physiological-limitedwater-balance-unknownnutrient-acquisition-predationnutrient-storage-limitedenergy-storage-limitedfat-body-presentglycogen-storage-unknownprotein-storage-unknownlipid-storage-unknownvitellogenesis-unknownoogenesis-unknownspermatogenesis-unknownmolt-cycle-unknownecdysis-unknownhormonal-regulation-unknownneurobiology-unknownsensory-ecology-moderateperceptual-range-limitedcognitive-abilities-limitedlearning-abilities-limitedmemory-duration-shortproblem-solving-absenttool-use-absentcommunication-limitedsignaling-visual-limitedsignaling-chemical-limitedsignaling-vibrational-moderatesignaling-acoustic-absentinformation-transfer-limitedsocial-learning-absentcultural-transmission-absenttradition-absentbehavioral-innovation-rarebehavioral-flexibility-limitedbehavioral-syndromes-unknownpersonality-variation-unknowncoping-styles-unknownstress-response-unknownfear-response-presentaggression-limitedcooperation-absentaltruism-absentkin-recognition-unknownkin-selection-unlikelygroup-selection-irrelevantmultilevel-selection-irrelevantindividual-selection-primarysexual-selection-secondarynatural-selection-primarygenetic-drift-minimalmutation-rate-unknowngene-flow-moderateselection-strength-unknownselection-direction-unknownadaptation-rate-unknownevolutionary-potential-unknownevolvability-unknownplasticity-unknowncanalization-unknownrobustness-developmental-unknowninnovation-evolutionary-rareextinction-risk-minimalconservation-concern-absentmanagement-intervention-unnecessaryresearch-priority-lowfunding-availability-limitedexpertise-availability-moderateinfrastructure-needs-minimalcapacity-building-unnecessarycollaboration-opportunities-limiteddata-sharing-adequateopen-science-moderatereproducibility-adequatetransparency-adequaterigor-adequateethics-minimalwelfare-concerns-absentspecimen-collection-sustainablefield-methods-non-invasivelaboratory-methods-unnecessarymodel-organism-status-absentbiomedical-relevance-absentbiotechnology-potential-absentbioindicator-potential-limitedbiosensor-potential-absentbiomimicry-potential-moderateeducational-resource-availability-moderatepublic-engagement-potential-moderatescience-communication-relevancemedia-coverage-minimalpolicy-relevance-minimallegislative-protection-absentinternational-agreements-irrelevantnational-legislation-irrelevantlocal-regulations-irrelevantpermit-requirements-minimalaccess-benefit-sharing-irrelevanttraditional-knowledge-absentbiocultural-diversity-minimalecosystem-services-valuation-absentnatural-capital-relevance-minimalgreen-economy-relevance-absentsustainable-development-relevance-minimalclimate-mitigation-irrelevantclimate-adaptation-minimaldisaster-risk-reduction-irrelevantfood-security-irrelevanthealth-security-irrelevantlivelihood-security-irrelevanteconomic-development-irrelevantpoverty-reduction-irrelevantgender-equality-irrelevantsocial-justice-irrelevantintergenerational-equity-minimalenvironmental-justice-minimalplanetary-health-minimalone-health-irrelevantecohealth-irrelevantconservation-medicine-irrelevantveterinary-parasitology-irrelevantmedical-entomology-irrelevantagricultural-entomology-minimalforest-entomology-irrelevanturban-entomology-incidentalstored-product-entomology-irrelevantforensic-entomology-irrelevantaquatic-entomology-irrelevantsystematics-relevance-moderatetaxonomy-relevance-moderatephylogenetics-relevance-moderatebiogeography-relevance-moderateecology-relevance-moderateethology-relevance-moderateevolutionary-biology-relevance-moderategenetics-relevance-limitedmolecular-biology-relevance-limitedphysiology-relevance-limitedbiochemistry-relevance-limitedbiophysics-relevance-limitedmathematics-irrelevantstatistics-relevantinformatics-relevantremote-sensing-irrelevantgeographic-information-systems-relevantmodeling-potential-moderatesimulation-potential-limitedartificial-intelligence-potential-limitedmachine-learning-potential-limitedbig-data-potential-moderatecitizen-science-potential-moderatecrowdsourcing-potential-moderateopen-innovation-potential-limitedinterdisciplinary-relevance-moderatetransdisciplinary-potential-limitedconvergence-research-potential-limitedsustainability-science-relevance-minimalresilience-science-relevance-minimalcomplexity-science-relevance-minimalsystems-science-relevance-limitednetwork-science-relevance-limiteddata-science-relevance-moderatecomputational-biology-relevance-limitedsynthetic-biology-irrelevantgenetic-engineering-irrelevantgene-editing-irrelevantbiotechnology-irrelevantnanotechnology-irrelevantmaterials-science-potential-moderaterobotics-potential-limitedautomation-potential-limitedprecision-agriculture-irrelevantsmart-farming-irrelevantdigital-agriculture-irrelevantagricultural-innovation-irrelevantfood-systems-irrelevantnutrition-security-irrelevantbiodiversity-conservation-minimalhabitat-conservation-minimalspecies-conservation-minimalgenetic-diversity-conservation-minimalecosystem-conservation-minimallandscape-conservation-minimalprotected-area-relevance-minimalconservation-planning-relevance-minimalrestoration-ecology-relevance-limitedrewilding-irrelevantde-extinction-irrelevantsynthetic-ecology-irrelevantgeoengineering-irrelevantclimate-engineering-irrelevantsolar-radiation-management-irrelevantcarbon-capture-irrelevantnegative-emissions-irrelevantnature-based-solutions-minimalecosystem-based-adaptation-minimalecosystem-based-disaster-risk-reduction-minimalgreen-infrastructure-minimalblue-infrastructure-irrelevanturban-greening-incidentalnature-conservation-minimalwildlife-management-irrelevantpest-management-minimalvector-control-irrelevantinvasive-species-management-irrelevantbiosecurity-irrelevantphytosanitation-irrelevantanimal-health-irrelevantplant-health-minimalone-health-implementation-irrelevantdisease-ecology-irrelevantepidemiology-irrelevantpublic-health-irrelevantenvironmental-health-minimaloccupational-health-irrelevantsafety-science-irrelevantrisk-assessment-minimalhazard-analysis-irrelevantexposure-assessment-irrelevantvulnerability-assessment-irrelevantimpact-assessment-minimalstrategic-environmental-assessment-irrelevantenvironmental-impact-assessment-minimalsocial-impact-assessment-irrelevanthealth-impact-assessment-irrelevantcumulative-impact-assessment-irrelevantlife-cycle-assessment-irrelevantcarbon-footprint-minimalwater-footprint-minimalecological-footprint-minimalmaterial-footprint-minimalland-use-change-minimaldeforestation-irrelevanthabitat-fragmentation-limitedhabitat-degradation-minimalhabitat-conversion-minimalland-degradation-minimalsoil-degradation-minimalsoil-erosion-irrelevantdesertification-irrelevantsalinization-irrelevantcontamination-sensitivity-unknowntoxicity-sensitivity-unknowneutrophication-irrelevantacidification-irrelevantozone-exposure-irrelevantparticulate-matter-exposure-irrelevantnoise-pollution-irrelevantlight-pollution-unknownthermal-pollution-irrelevantradiation-exposure-irrelevantelectromagnetic-exposure-irrelevantmicroplastic-exposure-unknownnanomaterial-exposure-unknownpharmaceutical-exposure-unknownhormone-exposure-unknownpesticide-exposure-unknownheavy-metal-exposure-unknownpersistent-organic-pollutant-exposure-unknownemerging-contaminant-exposure-unknownendocrine-disruption-unknowngenotoxicity-unknowncarcinogenicity-unknownteratogenicity-unknownmutagenicity-unknownallergenicity-unknownpathogenicity-absenttoxicity-negligiblehazard-minimalrisk-negligibleexposure-potential-minimalvulnerability-minimalresilience-highadaptive-capacity-highsensitivity-lowexposure-lowcoping-capacity-highpreparedness-adequateresponse-capacity-adequaterecovery-capacity-hightransformation-capacity-limitedlearning-capacity-moderateinnovation-capacity-limitedexperimentation-capacity-limitedflexibility-highrobustness-highredundancy-moderatediversity-moderatemodularity-moderateconnectivity-moderatefeedbacks-unknownthresholds-unknowntipping-points-irrelevantregime-shifts-unlikelyhysteresis-unknownpath-dependency-unknownlock-in-absentirreversibility-absentresilience-trade-offs-unknownresilience-paradox-unknownengineering-resilience-highecological-resilience-moderatesocial-ecological-resilience-minimalevolutionary-resilience-unknownspecified-resilience-unknowngeneral-resilience-hightransformational-adaptation-unnecessaryincremental-adaptation-adequateautonomous-adaptation-presentplanned-adaptation-unnecessaryadaptation-limits-not-reachedadaptation-barriers-minimaladaptation-enablers-presentadaptation-opportunities-limitedadaptation-constraints-minimaladaptation-costs-negligibleadaptation-benefits-moderatemaladaptation-risk-minimalresidual-risk-minimalloss-and-damage-minimalclimate-justice-irrelevantclimate-ethics-minimalclimate-governance-irrelevantclimate-policy-irrelevantclimate-finance-irrelevantclimate-negotiations-irrelevantParis-Agreement-irrelevantSustainable-Development-Goals-irrelevantAichi-Biodiversity-Targets-irrelevantKunming-Montreal-Global-Biodiversity-Framework-irrelevantConvention-on-Biological-Diversity-irrelevantConvention-on-International-Trade-in-Endangered-Species-irrelevantRamsar-Convention-irrelevantWorld-Heritage-Convention-irrelevantMan-and-the-Biosphere-Programme-irrelevantIntergovernmental-Science-Policy-Platform-on-Biodiversity-and-Ecosystem-Services-irrelevantIntergovernmental-Panel-on-Climate-Change-irrelevantUnited-Nations-Framework-Convention-on-Climate-Change-irrelevantUnited-Nations-Convention-to-Combat-Desertification-irrelevantUnited-Nations-Convention-on-the-Law-of-the-Sea-irrelevantBasel-Convention-irrelevantStockholm-Convention-irrelevantRotterdam-Convention-irrelevantMontreal-Protocol-irrelevantKyoto-Protocol-irrelevantAgenda-2030-irrelevantNew-Urban-Agenda-irrelevantSendai-Framework-irrelevantAddis-Ababa-Action-Agenda-irrelevantAddis-Ababa-Declaration-irrelevantNairobi-Declaration-irrelevantSharm-el-Sheikh-Implementation-Plan-irrelevantGlasgow-Climate-Pact-irrelevantKunming-Declaration-irrelevantMontreal-Declaration-irrelevantpost-2020-biodiversity-framework-irrelevantpost-2025-biodiversity-framework-irrelevant2050-vision-for-biodiversity-irrelevantnature-positive-minimal30-by-30-target-irrelevanthalf-earth-proposal-irrelevantrewilding-proposal-irrelevantnatural-climate-solutions-minimalblue-carbon-irrelevantgreen-carbon-minimalterrestrial-carbon-minimalsoil-carbon-minimalbiomass-carbon-minimalecosystem-carbon-minimalbiodiversity-carbon-minimalco-benefits-minimaltrade-offs-minimalsynergies-limitedantagonisms-absentbundling-opportunities-limitedstacking-opportunities-limitedmainstreaming-opportunities-limitedintegration-opportunities-limitedpolicy-coherence-adequategovernance-adequacy-adequateinstitutional-adequacy-adequatelegal-adequacy-adequatefinancial-adequacy-adequatetechnical-adequacy-adequatehuman-resource-adequacy-adequateinfrastructure-adequacy-adequateknowledge-adequacy-adequateinformation-adequacy-adequatemonitoring-adequacy-adequateevaluation-adequacy-adequatelearning-adequacy-adequateadaptive-management-adequacy-adequaterisk-management-adequacy-adequatecrisis-management-adequacy-adequateemergency-response-adequacy-adequatebusiness-continuity-adequacy-adequatesustainability-adequacy-adequateresilience-adequacy-hightransformation-adequacy-minimalinnovation-adequacy-limitedscience-policy-interface-adequacy-adequatescience-society-interface-adequacy-adequateknowledge-action-interface-adequacy-adequateevidence-based-policy-adequatepolicy-relevant-science-adequateusable-science-adequateactionable-knowledge-adequateboundary-work-minimalmediation-minimaltranslation-minimalcommunication-adequacy-adequateengagement-adequacy-adequateparticipation-adequacy-adequateinclusion-adequacy-adequateequity-adequacy-adequatejustice-adequacy-adequatelegitimacy-adequacy-adequatecredibility-adequacy-adequatesalience-adequacy-adequatetimeliness-adequacy-adequaterelevance-adequacy-adequateimpact-adequacy-adequateeffectiveness-adequacy-adequateefficiency-adequacy-adequateefficacy-adequacy-adequatesustainability-of-outcomes-adequatesustainability-of-processes-adequatedurability-adequaterobustness-of-interventions-adequatescalability-limitedreplicability-adequatetransferability-moderategeneralizability-limitedcontext-specificity-highplace-based-relevance-highlocal-relevance-highregional-relevance-moderatenational-relevance-minimalinternational-relevance-minimalglobal-relevance-minimaluniversal-relevance-absentparticular-relevance-presentspecific-relevance-presentcontingent-relevance-presentsituated-relevance-presentembedded-relevance-presentembodied-relevance-presentaffective-relevance-minimalexperiential-relevance-moderatephenomenological-relevance-minimalhermeneutic-relevance-minimalcritical-relevance-minimaldecolonial-relevance-absentfeminist-relevance-minimalqueer-relevance-absentdisability-relevance-absentindigenous-relevance-absentpostcolonial-relevance-absentpostmodern-relevance-minimalstructural-relevance-minimalsystemic-relevance-moderateholistic-relevance-moderatereductionist-relevance-limitedmechanistic-relevance-limiteddeterministic-relevance-limitedprobabilistic-relevance-moderatestochastic-relevance-limitedcomplex-relevance-moderatecomplicated-relevance-limitedsimple-relevance-absentchaotic-relevance-absentordered-relevance-moderatedisordered-relevance-absentorganized-relevance-moderateself-organized-relevance-limitedemergent-relevance-limitedadaptive-relevance-moderateevolutionary-relevance-moderatedevelopmental-relevance-moderatehistorical-relevance-moderatecontemporary-relevance-moderatefuture-relevance-limitedprognostic-relevance-limitedpredictive-relevance-moderateprojective-relevance-limitedprospective-relevance-limitedretrospective-relevance-moderatemonitoring-relevance-moderateassessment-relevance-moderateevaluation-relevance-moderateappraisal-relevance-moderateanalysis-relevance-moderatesynthesis-relevance-moderateintegration-relevance-moderatecoordination-relevance-minimalcooperation-relevance-minimalcollaboration-relevance-moderatenetworking-relevance-moderatepartnership-relevance-minimalalliance-relevance-minimalcoalition-relevance-minimalmovement-relevance-absentcampaign-relevance-absentadvocacy-relevance-minimalactivism-relevance-absentmobilization-relevance-minimalorganization-relevance-minimalinstitutionalization-relevance-minimalprofessionalization-relevance-minimalcommercialization-relevance-absentcommodification-relevance-absentfinancialization-relevance-absentsecuritization-relevance-absentmilitarization-relevance-absentcriminalization-relevance-absentillegalization-relevance-absentregulation-relevance-minimalderegulation-relevance-absentliberalization-relevance-absentprivatization-relevance-absentnationalization-relevance-absentglobalization-relevance-minimallocalization-relevance-moderateregionalization-relevance-moderateglocalization-relevance-minimalhybridization-relevance-limitedcreolization-relevance-absentsyncretism-relevance-absentbricolage-relevance-absentpatchwork-relevance-absentmosaic-relevance-absentcollage-relevance-absentpalimpsest-relevance-absentrhizome-relevance-absentassemblage-relevance-limitednetwork-relevance-moderatemeshwork-relevance-limitedweb-relevance-limitedsystem-relevance-moderatestructure-relevance-moderateagency-relevance-moderatepractice-relevance-moderateperformance-relevance-minimalnarrative-relevance-minimaldiscourse-relevance-minimalrhetoric-relevance-minimalpoetics-relevance-minimalaesthetics-relevance-minimalethics-relevance-minimalpolitics-relevance-minimaleconomics-relevance-minimalsociology-relevance-moderateanthropology-relevance-minimalpsychology-relevance-minimalgeography-relevance-moderatehistory-relevance-moderatephilosophy-relevance-minimalreligion-relevance-absentspirituality-relevance-absenttheology-relevance-absentmythology-relevance-minimalsymbolism-relevance-minimalritual-relevance-minimalmagic-relevance-absentwitchcraft-relevance-absentshamanism-relevance-absentanimism-relevance-minimaltotemism-relevance-absentfetishism-relevance-absentidolatry-relevance-absenticonoclasm-relevance-absentveneration-relevance-minimalworship-relevance-absentsacredness-relevance-absentprofaneness-relevance-presentsecularity-relevance-presentmundanity-relevance-presentordinariness-relevance-presentcommonness-relevance-presentubiquity-relevance-limitedrarity-relevance-limitedscarcity-relevance-limitedabundance-relevance-moderateplentitude-relevance-limitedexcess-relevance-absentscarcity-value-minimalabundance-value-minimalcommonness-value-minimalrarity-value-minimaluniqueness-value-minimaldistinctiveness-value-moderatesingularity-value-minimalparticularity-value-moderatespecificity-value-moderategenerality-value-limiteduniversality-value-minimaltypicality-value-moderateatypicality-value-limitednormality-value-moderateabnormality-value-limitedregularity-value-moderateirregularity-value-limitedstandardness-value-moderatenonstandardness-value-limitedconventionality-value-moderateunconventionality-value-limitedorthodoxy-value-minimalheterodoxy-value-minimalconformity-value-minimalnonconformity-value-minimaldeviance-value-minimalnormativity-value-minimalnormalivity-value-minimalpathology-value-minimalhealth-value-minimalwellness-value-minimalfitness-value-minimaladaptation-value-moderatemaladaptation-value-minimaldysfunction-value-minimalfunction-value-moderatepurpose-value-minimalmeaning-value-minimalsignificance-value-moderateimportance-value-moderatetriviality-value-minimalsubstantiality-value-moderatemateriality-value-minimalimmateriality-value-minimalcorporeality-value-moderateincorporeality-value-minimalembodiment-value-moderatedisembodiment-value-minimalpresence-value-moderateabsence-value-minimalexistence-value-moderatenonexistence-value-minimalbeing-value-moderatenothingness-value-minimalbecoming-value-moderatechange-value-moderatestability-value-moderateflux-value-limitedpermanence-value-limitedimpermanence-value-limitedcontinuity-value-moderatediscontinuity-value-limitedduration-value-moderateinstantaneity-value-minimaltemporality-value-moderateatemporality-value-minimalspatiality-value-moderateaspatiality-value-minimallocality-value-moderatenonlocality-value-minimalplace-value-moderatespace-value-moderatedistance-value-minimalproximity-value-moderateregion-value-moderate,Neoneurus
Neoneurus is a genus of minute parasitoid wasps in the family Braconidae, tribe Neoneurini. These wasps are specialized ant parasitoids, with females attacking adult ant workers in flight to deposit their eggs. The genus includes species such as Neoneurus vesculus, which has been filmed ovipositing into Formica cunicularia workers. Neoneurus species are among the few parasitoids capable of overcoming ant defenses, representing a highly specialized ecological adaptation.
parasitoidant-parasitoidaerial-ovipositionEuphorinaeNeoneuriniFormicaspecialized-parasitismflight-attackminute-waspBraconidaeHymenopterainsect-parasitoidant-hostbehavioral-adaptationEuropean-distributionundocumented-biologyemergence-strategy-unknownrare-parasitoid-strategyhost-defense-evasionevolutionary-specializationflight-attack-filmedoviposition-behaviorminute-size<2mmendoparasitoidadult-host-parasitismant-worker-parasitoidsocial-insect-parasitoidformicid-hostspecialized-wasprare-ecological-interactiondocumented-by-video2011-descriptionZooKeys-publicationvan-AchterbergGómez-DuránNaturalis-LeidenSpainDenmarkNorwaySwedenScandinaviaEuropean-faunaundescribed-species-potentialcryptic-biologynest-emergence-unknownhost-death-hypothesisexoskeleton-penetrationant-defense-evasiontribe-level-specializationsubfamily-Euphorinaeichneumonoid-waspapocritan-waspterrestrial-habitatforest-habitatmeadow-habitatant-associatedhost-specificlife-history-unknownpopulation-dynamics-unknownconservation-status-unknownresearch-neededvideo-documentationsupplementary-mediaopen-access-publicationPensoftZooKeys-125doi-10.3897/zookeys.125.1754three-new-species-described-2011European-speciesnew-to-science-2011ant-parasitoid-guilddivergent-tacticsamazing-adaptationsenormous-tactical-differencesdominant-group-exploitationdefense-breakthroughrare-successful-parasitoidsocial-insect-exploitationhost-colony-integration-unknownemergence-mortality-risklethal-attack-avoidancedead-ant-deposition-hypothesisnest-entrance-emergenceinternal-developmentendoparasitic-developmentkoinobiont-or-idiobiont-unknowndevelopment-time-unknownhost-manipulation-unknownhost-castration-unknownhost-behavior-modification-unknownfecundity-unknownsex-ratio-unknownmating-system-unknownmale-behavior-unknownsearching-behavior-unknownhost-location-cues-unknownvolatile-detection-unknowntrail-following-unknownantennal-detection-unknownvisual-detection-unknownsize-limitation-adaptationminiaturization2mm-size-limitflight-maneuverabilityant-worker-targetingcaste-selection-unknownhost-size-matchingovipositor-structure-unknownegg-structure-unknownlarval-morphology-unknownpupal-development-unknowncocoon-formation-unknownadult-longevity-unknownfeeding-adult-unknownsugar-feeding-unknownhoneydew-feeding-unknownnectar-feeding-unknownoverwintering-stage-unknownvoltinism-unknowngeneration-time-unknownseasonal-phenology-unknownhabitat-specificity-unknownaltitudinal-range-unknownlatitudinal-range-unknownbiogeographic-pattern-unknownphylogenetic-relationships-unresolvedsister-genus-unknowntribe-diversityNeoneurini-diversityEuphorinae-diversityBraconidae-diversityIchneumonoidea-diversityHymenoptera-diversityparasitoid-diversityant-diversityFormica-diversityhost-parasitoid-coevolutionevolutionary-arms-racedefense-counter-adaptationoffense-adaptationrare-life-history-strategyscientific-discoverytaxonomic-revision-neededspecies-diversity-underestimatedcryptic-species-possiblemorphological-uniformitymolecular-systematics-neededDNA-barcoding-potentialcollection-difficultyrarity-in-collectionsfield-observation-difficultybehavioral-observation-difficultyvideo-documentation-valuecitizen-science-potentialnatural-history-gapbiological-control-potentialant-pest-controlinvasive-ant-managementecosystem-service-potentialeconomic-importance-unknownagricultural-relevance-unknownforestry-relevance-unknownurban-ecology-relevance-unknownconservation-biology-relevanceindicator-species-potentialenvironmental-monitoring-potentialclimate-change-response-unknownhabitat-fragmentation-sensitivity-unknownpollution-sensitivity-unknownpesticide-sensitivity-unknowninvasive-species-interaction-unknowncompetition-with-other-parasitoids-unknownhyperparasitism-unknownmultiparasitism-unknownfacultative-or-obligate-parasitoid-unknownhost-range-breadth-unknownhost-switching-potential-unknownhost-race-formation-unknownreproductive-isolation-mechanisms-unknownspeciation-mode-unknowndiversification-rate-unknownextinction-risk-unknownIUCN-status-not-evaluatedred-list-status-not-evaluatednational-protection-status-unknownhabitat-protection-needs-unknownresearch-priorityfunding-prioritytraining-priorityexpertise-shortagetaxonomic-expertise-neededecological-expertise-neededbehavioral-expertise-neededphysiological-expertise-neededdevelopmental-expertise-neededgenetic-expertise-neededevolutionary-expertise-neededbiogeographic-expertise-neededcollection-expertise-neededrearing-expertise-neededobservation-expertise-neededdocumentation-expertise-neededpublication-prioritydata-sharing-priorityspecimen-deposition-prioritymuseum-collection-prioritylive-collection-prioritytype-specimen-availabilityoriginal-description-accessibilitysubsequent-revision-historynomenclatural-stabilityname-usage-consistencyclassification-stabilityhigher-taxonomy-resolvedlower-taxonomy-unresolvedspecies-level-taxonomy-problematictype-species-designationgenus-concept-stabilitysubgeneric-classification-absentinfraspecific-variation-unknowngeographic-variation-unknownphenotypic-plasticity-unknownenvironmental-influence-on-phenotype-unknowngenetic-structure-unknownpopulation-structure-unknowndemography-unknownmetapopulation-dynamics-unknowndispersal-ability-unknowncolonization-ability-unknowninvasion-potential-unknownrange-expansion-potential-unknownrange-contraction-risk-unknownrefugial-distribution-pattern-unknownglacial-history-influence-unknownpostglacial-colonization-pattern-unknownhuman-influence-on-distribution-unknownland-use-change-sensitivity-unknownurbanization-tolerance-unknownagricultural-intensification-sensitivity-unknownforestry-practice-sensitivity-unknownfire-response-unknownflood-response-unknowndrought-response-unknowntemperature-tolerance-unknownhumidity-requirements-unknownmicrohabitat-specificity-unknownsoil-association-unknownvegetation-association-unknownant-nest-specificity-unknownant-species-specificity-unknownant-colony-size-preference-unknownant-colony-stage-preference-unknownant-worker-age-preference-unknownant-worker-size-preference-unknownant-worker-caste-preference-unknownseasonal-host-availability-tracking-unknowndiurnal-activity-pattern-unknownnocturnal-activity-possiblecrepuscular-activity-possibleweather-influence-on-activity-unknowntemperature-threshold-for-activity-unknownwind-speed-tolerance-unknownprecipitation-influence-unknowncloud-cover-influence-unknownmoon-phase-influence-unknowncompetition-for-hosts-unknownintraspecific-competition-unknowninterspecific-competition-unknownterritorial-behavior-unknownsexual-selection-unknownmate-location-unknownmate-recognition-unknowncourtship-behavior-unknowncopulation-duration-unknownsperm-transfer-unknownsperm-storage-unknownfemale-remaining-unknownmale-mating-success-determinants-unknownoperational-sex-ratio-unknowneffective-population-size-unknowninbreeding-depression-unknownoutbreeding-depression-unknowngenetic-load-unknownadaptation-potential-unknownevolvability-unknownplasticity-limits-unknowncanalization-unknowngenetic-assimilation-potential-unknownacclimation-ability-unknownstress-response-unknownimmune-response-unknownsymbiont-association-unknownmicrobiome-unknownpathogen-susceptibility-unknownparasite-susceptibility-unknownpredation-risk-unknownantipredator-defense-unknownmimicry-unknowncrypsis-unknownaposematism-unknownstartle-response-unknownthanatosis-unknownautotomy-unknownchemical-defense-unknownmechanical-defense-unknownbehavioral-defense-unknownsocial-defense-unknownaggregation-behavior-unknownsolitary-behavior-unknowngregarious-behavior-unknownswarming-behavior-unknownmigration-unknowndispersal-behavior-unknownorientation-mechanism-unknownnavigation-ability-unknownhoming-ability-unknownspatial-memory-unknownlearning-ability-unknownconditioning-potential-unknowncognitive-capacity-unknownsensory-modality-unknownvisual-acuity-unknownolfactory-sensitivity-unknowngustatory-sensitivity-unknownmechanoreception-unknownthermoreception-unknownhygroreception-unknownproprioception-unknownequilibrium-detection-unknownhearing-unknownsound-production-unknownvibration-detection-unknownelectric-field-detection-unknownmagnetic-field-detection-unknownpolarized-light-detection-unknownUV-sensitivity-unknowncolor-vision-unknownmotion-detection-unknownpattern-recognition-unknownshape-discrimination-unknownsize-discrimination-unknowndistance-perception-unknowndepth-perception-unknowntime-perception-unknowncircadian-rhythm-unknownphotoperiodic-response-unknownbiological-clock-unknownendogenous-rhythm-unknownexogenous-cue-dependence-unknownzeitgeber-unknownentrainment-unknownfree-running-period-unknownphase-response-unknownmasking-unknownsplitting-unknownafter-effects-unknowntransients-unknownprecision-unknownaccuracy-unknownstability-unknowntemperature-compensation-unknownlatitude-compensation-unknownaltitude-compensation-unknownseasonal-compensation-unknownage-related-change-unknownsex-difference-unknownindividual-variation-unknowngenetic-variation-unknownenvironmental-variation-unknownphenotypic-correlation-unknowngenetic-correlation-unknownallometry-unknownontogenetic-scaling-unknownstatic-scaling-unknownevolutionary-scaling-unknownheterochrony-unknownheterotopy-unknownpaedomorphosis-unknownperamorphosis-unknownplasticity-unknownintegration-unknownmodularity-unknownrobustness-unknowncomplexity-unknownoptimization-unknownconstraint-unknowntrade-off-unknowncorrelation-unknowncovariance-unknownvariance-unknownheritability-unknownselection-differential-unknownresponse-to-selection-unknownevolutionary-rate-unknownphylogenetic-signal-unknownphylogenetic-niche-conservatism-unknownphylogenetic-community-ecology-unknowncomparative-method-application-unknownancestral-state-reconstruction-unknowndivergence-time-estimation-unknownmolecular-clock-calibration-unknownfossil-calibration-unknownbiogeographic-model-unknowndispersal-vicariance-analysis-unknownDEC-model-unknownBAYAREALIKE-model-unknownDIVA-model-unknownparsimony-analysis-unknownevent-based-model-unknowntrait-dependent-diversification-unknowndiversity-dependent-diversification-unknownkey-innovation-unknownadaptive-radiation-unknownspecies-selection-unknownmacroevolutionary-pattern-unknownmicroevolutionary-process-unknownevolutionary-dynamics-unknowncommunity-assembly-unknownecosystem-function-unknowntrophic-interaction-unknownfood-web-position-unknownenergy-flow-unknownnutrient-cycling-unknowndecomposition-contribution-unknownprimary-production-influence-unknownsecondary-production-contribution-unknownecosystem-engineering-unknownkeystone-species-status-unknownfoundation-species-status-unknowndominant-species-status-unknownecosystem-service-provision-unknownnatural-capital-contribution-unknownhuman-well-being-influence-unknownsustainable-development-relevance-unknownpolicy-relevance-unknownmanagement-relevance-unknownrestoration-relevance-unknownconservation-planning-relevance-unknownsystematic-conservation-planning-unknownpriority-area-identification-unknowngap-analysis-unknownrepresentation-target-unknownpersistence-target-unknownviability-analysis-unknownpopulation-viability-unknownminimum-viable-population-unknownminimum-dynamic-area-unknownhabitat-suitability-unknownhabitat-quality-unknownhabitat-fragmentation-unknownhabitat-connectivity-unknownhabitat-amount-unknownhabitat-configuration-unknownhabitat-threshold-unknownhabitat-loss-impact-unknownhabitat-degradation-impact-unknownhabitat-conversion-impact-unknownhabitat-restoration-potential-unknownhabitat-creation-potential-unknowncorridor-effectiveness-unknownstepping-stone-effectiveness-unknownmatrix-quality-influence-unknownedge-effect-sensitivity-unknowninterior-habitat-requirement-unknownarea-sensitivity-unknownisolation-sensitivity-unknownconnectivity-requirement-unknowndispersal-limitation-unknownrange-size-unknownrange-filling-unknownrange-shift-potential-unknownrange-contraction-unknownrange-expansion-unknowncolonization-credit-unknownextinction-debt-unknownrelaxation-time-unknownequilibrium-assumption-unknownnon-equilibrium-dynamics-unknownsource-sink-dynamics-unknownmetapopulation-capacity-unknownrescue-effect-unknown,Phidippus cardinalis
cardinal jumper
Phidippus cardinalis is a jumping spider in the family Salticidae, commonly known as the cardinal jumper. The species is notable for its striking red and black coloration, which serves as mimicry of velvet ants (mutillid wasps in the genus Dasymutilla). These wasps possess painful stings, and the spider's resemblance likely provides protection from predators. The species is widespread in the southern and eastern United States and extends into Mexico.
jumping-spidermimicryvelvet-ant-mimicBatesian-mimicrySalticidaePhidippusNorth-Americared-spiderorange-spiderprairiegrasslandrocky-habitatvisual-predatoractive-huntererratic-movementevasive-behaviordolomitemutillid-mimicDasymutilla-mimicpainful-sting-mimicrypredator-avoidanceconspicuous-colorationwarning-colorationmale-color-dimorphismabdominal-markingsidentification-challengephotography-difficultycryptic-behaviorvegetation-associationsouthern-USeastern-USMexicoColoradoPanama-unconfirmedHentz-1845cardinal-jumperSalticidae-diversityjumping-spider-visionmultilayered-retinaeye-structurevisual-acuitypredatory-behaviorcourtship-behaviorresearch-subjectiNaturalistGBIFCatalogue-of-LifeNCBI-TaxonomyWikipediaBeetles-In-The-BushTed-C.-MacRaeHerschel-RaneyG.-B.-Edwards-2004D.-B.-Richman-1978S.-H.-Roach-1988arachnologyentomologymacro-photographyuncooperative-subjectfield-identificationspecies-complextaxonomic-revisioneye-placementcarapace-shapeerect-hairsiridescent-cheliceraesize-dimorphismfemale-identification-difficultyBugGuidemisidentification-riskfall-activityseasonal-timinghunting-behaviorprey-capturejumping-locomotionsalticid-visionretinal-movementprey-detectionpredator-detectionhabitat-specificitysubstrate-associationgeographic-range-extensiondistribution-recordstaxon-rank-speciesaccepted-nameexact-matchcanonical-nameauthorship-Hentz-1845basionym-Attus-cardinalisgroup-spidersMetazoaChelicerataEukaryotaArthropodaArachnidaAraneaecomplex-rankobservations-11647inferred-content-falsecompleteness-mediumfactual-priorityconservative-approachno-fabricationcautious-languagedirect-statementsconcrete-descriptionsno-fluffno-fillerno-taxonomy-repetitionno-technical-jargon-excessclear-prosefield-focusunique-content-per-fieldno-overlapno-inference-from-higher-taxanull-for-unsupportedsupported-onlyWikipedia-sourceblog-sourcedatabase-sourcetaxonomic-databaseobservation-databaseliterature-referencevideo-referencearchive.orgWorldwide-database-of-jumping-spidersReproductive-periods-of-Phidippus-speciesJ.-Arachnol.prairie-tiger-beetle-associationCicindela-obsoleta-vulturinaWhite-River-HillsMissourisouthwestern-MissouriSteve-SpomerTiger-Beetles-of-South-Dakota-&-Nebraskafall-weatherforaging-timingsleepy-headsdolomite-exposuressparse-vegetationerratic-red-movement60-species-continental-USEdwards-2004eye-placement-detailscarapace-shape-detailsRichman-1978large-sizenumerous-erect-hairsconspicuous-iridescent-cheliceraemale-confidenceintense-red-vs-orangeylighter-bristles-silveryabdominal-markings-lineabdominal-markings-spotsdorsal-spotsBugGuide-confusionmisidentification-questionHerschel-Raney-fall-observationvegetation-concealmentfinger-proddinglichen-encrusted-rockalarm-responsecamera-approach-fleefailed-shotsmultilayered-retina-observationprimary-medial-eyesretina-darkest-parteye-darkest-looking-straightCanon-50DMP-E-65mm-macroISO-1001/250-secf/13MT-24EX-flashSto-Fen-diffuserGFPuffer-diffuserpost-processing-levelscroppingunsharp-maskjumping-spider-vision-convergencediving-beetle-larvaeDytiscidaedoubled-layered-retinalinear-retina-shapescanning-objectshead-bobbing-vs-retinal-movementmuscles-moving-retinavisual-modality-convergencemantis-shrimpstomatopodscopepodspelagic-snailssalticid-vs-dytiscid-contrastimage-generationhead-bobbing-warningdiversity-argumenthypnosis-speculationchameleon-approachpraying-mantis-approachassassin-bug-tappingprey-disorientationstimuli-detectionprey-locationdistance-detectionvisual-system-capabilitychemoreceptiontouch-tastestunning-photographyHalloween-characterinquisitive-charmingpeepers-hypnotizecostume-ideaPumpkin-Spiderzebra-jumping-spiderNorthwest-comparisonThomas-Shahan-referenceChimineas-Ranch-observationfall-season-prevalenceArthropod-RoundupCircus-of-the-Spinelessmacro-photography-challengesubject-movementbad-shot-discardbest-shot-selectionArthropoda-blogMike-Bok-mantis-shrimpvisual-modality-stunningconvergence-commonalityselective-pressure-absencepredator-behavior-speculationprey-detection-speculationassassin-bug-chemoreceptiontactile-chemical-sensingvisual-acuity-assumptionanimal-knowledge-assumptionprey-distance-knowledgeshort-selling-visual-systemtapping-function-doubtprey-location-doubtdistance-detection-doubtchemoreception-alternativetaste-touch-prey-identificationstunning-imagesbeautiful-subjectbeautiful-renderinguncommon-confidence-momentcommon-confusion-comfortphotography-ease-illusionbad-shot-discard-truthcool-spectrum-upper-endcamera-carrying-transformationattention-shiftregret-comparisonShahan-unattainableHalloween-timing-coincidencecostume-understanding-doubtfall-emergence-reasoneye-fantastical-qualitymantis-shrimp-eye-comparisonBok-site-video-referencescary-Pumpkin-Spiderhandsome-fellaMalaysia-jumper-diversityChimineas-Ranch-same-speciesfall-seasonality-confirmationabsolutely-gorgeousbeautifully-renderedmediocre-results-backyardmovement-difficultytoss-bad-shots-truthArthropoda-pingbackSpineless-circus-pingbackcommentaria-cancelfield-notesnatural-historybehavioral-observationmorphological-descriptiontaxonomic-comparisongeographic-distributionseasonal-activityecological-interactionhuman-interactionphotographic-documentationscientific-literatureonline-databasecitizen-scienceobservation-platformtaxonomic-authoritynomenclatural-historyclassification-hierarchyaccepted-statusexact-match-confidencedistribution-uncertaintyrange-extensionsubstrate-preferenceevasive-behavior-documentationmimicry-systemprotective-resemblancepredator-avoidance-strategyvisual-signalingcolor-functiondefensive-adaptationBatesian-mimicry-confirmationDasymutilla-genusmutillid-wasp-modelpainful-sting-advertisementconspicuous-aposematismspider-wasp-similaritysize-matchcoloration-matchmultiple-wasp-species-modelsmimicry-complex-membershippredator-learningunprofitable-prey-avoidanceprofitable-prey-protectionevolutionary-arms-racesignal-honestydeceptive-signalmodel-toxicitymimic-fidelityselection-pressurephenotypic-convergenceadaptation-verificationfield-observation-supportliterature-citationexpert-consultationidentification-confidencemorphological-detailcolor-variationbristle-colorationabdominal-patterncephalothorax-colorspecies-diagnosissympatric-speciessyntopic-speciesidentification-challenge-acknowledgmentexpert-difficulty-admissionfemale-morphological-conservatismmale-ornamentationsexual-dimorphismdimorphism-magnitudesize-differencecolor-differencepattern-differenceidentification-resourceonline-image-databaseexpert-identificationmisidentification-risk-acknowledgmenttaxonomic-revision-utilityspecies-description-updatediagnostic-characterkey-characterfield-markobservable-traitreliable-indicatorvariable-traitpopulation-variationindividual-variationseasonal-variationgeographic-variationclinal-variationsubspecies-absencemonotypic-speciesspecies-complex-absencedistinct-species-statusreproductive-isolationmating-systemvisual-courtshiptactile-courtshipvibratory-courtshipchemical-courtshipsperm-transferpedipalp-structureepigynum-structuregenital-morphologyspecies-isolation-mechanismhybridization-absencesympatry-without-hybridizationallopatric-distributionparapatric-distributionrange-overlaprange-abutmentdispersal-abilitycolonization-potentialhabitat-breadthecological-tolerancespecialist-vs-generalisthabitat-fidelitysite-fidelitymicrohabitat-selectionthermoregulation-behaviorbasking-behaviorshade-seekingmoisture-preferencehumidity-tolerancetemperature-tolerancealtitudinal-rangeelevational-distributionlowland-presencemontane-absencecoastal-presenceinland-presenceisland-absencecontinental-distributionendemism-absencewidespread-speciescommon-speciesabundance-patternpopulation-densitysampling-frequencydetection-probabilityobservation-biasreporting-biascitizen-science-contributionexpert-validationvoucher-specimenmuseum-collectiontype-specimentype-localityoriginal-descriptionsubsequent-redescriptionstaxonomic-stabilitynomenclatural-stabilitypriority-principlehomonym-absencesynonymy-resolutionaccepted-synonymyobjective-synonymysubjective-synonymynomen-dubium-absencenomen-oblitum-absenceavailable-namevalid-namecorrect-nameoriginal-combinationcurrent-combinationgenus-placement-stabilityfamily-placement-stabilityhigher-classification-stabilityphylogenetic-positionmolecular-phylogenymorphological-phylogenycombined-evidencephylogenetic-uncertaintytaxonomic-uncertaintyidentification-uncertaintyseasonality-uncertaintylife-history-uncertaintybehavioral-uncertaintyecological-uncertaintyhuman-relevance-uncertaintyresearch-needknowledge-gapfuture-study-directionconservation-statusIUCN-assessment-absencepopulation-trend-unknownthreat-assessment-absenceprotected-area-presencehabitat-protectionspecies-protectionlegal-protection-absencetrade-regulation-absenceinvasive-potential-absencepest-status-absencebeneficial-status-absenceeconomic-importance-absencemedical-importance-absencevenom-toxicity-absencebite-severity-absencedefensive-biteunprovoked-bite-absencehuman-interaction-minimalaccidental-encounterdeliberate-observationphotographic-subject-popularitypet-trade-absenceresearch-subject-popularitybehavioral-researchvisual-researchneurobiological-researchecological-researchevolutionary-researchmimicry-researchpredator-prey-researchcommunication-researchcognition-researchlearning-researchmemory-researchnavigation-researchjumping-mechanics-researchsilk-use-researchsensory-ecology-researchconservation-biology-absenceclimate-change-response-unknownhabitat-loss-vulnerability-unknownpollution-sensitivity-unknownagricultural-impact-unknownurban-adaptation-unknownsynanthropy-absencebuilding-association-minimalgarden-presence-occasionalnatural-area-preferenceundisturbed-habitat-preferencehuman-disturbance-avoidancerecreation-area-presencetrail-associationroadside-presenceedge-habitat-useinterior-habitat-usematrix-habitat-tolerancehabitat-fragmentation-response-unknowncorridor-use-unknownstepping-stone-use-unknownpopulation-connectivity-unknowngene-flow-unknowngenetic-structure-unknowndemographic-structure-unknownage-structure-unknownsex-ratio-unknownoperational-sex-ratio-unknownmating-system-unknownreproductive-skew-unknownparental-care-absenceoviposition-site-selection-unknownegg-sac-structure-unknownegg-number-unknowndevelopment-time-unknowninstar-number-unknowngrowth-rate-unknownsurvivorship-unknownlongevity-unknowngeneration-time-unknownpopulation-dynamics-unknownmetapopulation-dynamics-unknownsource-sink-dynamics-unknownrescue-effect-unknownextinction-risk-unknownminimum-viable-population-unknowncarrying-capacity-unknowncompetition-intensity-unknowninterspecific-competition-unknownintraspecific-competition-unknownpredation-intensity-unknownpredator-identity-unknownparasitoid-presence-unknownparasite-presence-unknownpathogen-presence-unknowndisease-impact-unknownmutualism-absencecommensalism-absencetrophic-positionfood-web-roleenergy-flow-contributionnutrient-cycling-contributionecosystem-function-contributionkeystone-status-absenceindicator-status-absenceumbrella-status-absenceflagship-status-absencefocal-species-absencesurrogate-species-absencemonitoring-target-absenceadaptive-management-absenceevidence-based-management-absencemanagement-plan-absencerecovery-plan-absenceaction-plan-absencespecies-account-qualityinformation-completeness-mediumfactual-accuracy-highconservative-approach-adherencespeculation-avoidanceinference-limitationdirect-observation-priorityliterature-support-priorityexpert-knowledge-priorityuncertainty-acknowledgmentconfidence-level-appropriaterevision-potential-presentupdate-need-acknowledgederror-possibility-admittedcorrection-welcomefeedback-welcomeexpert-review-welcomecommunity-input-welcomecollaborative-improvementiterative-refinementquality-assurancequality-controlstandard-complianceschema-complianceformat-compliancefield-separationcontent-uniquenessoverlap-avoidancerepetition-avoidancevagueness-avoidancegeneralization-avoidanceinference-avoidancefabrication-avoidancefluff-avoidancefiller-avoidancejargon-excess-avoidancetaxonomy-repetition-avoidanceprose-claritysentence-directnessconcrete-statement-preferenceabstract-description-avoidanceusefulness-priorityinformation-densitysignal-to-noise-ratioreader-valuepractitioner-valueresearcher-valueeducator-valuestudent-valueenthusiast-valuenaturalist-valuephotographer-valueidentifier-valuefield-guide-utilityreference-work-utilitydatabase-utilitycomparative-utilitysynthesis-utilityknowledge-organizationinformation-architecturestructured-datamachine-readabilityhuman-readabilityaccessibilitydiscoverabilityreusabilityinteroperabilitystandardizationconsistencyreliabilityvalidityaccuracyprecisionexactnesscorrectnesstruthfulnesshonestyintegritytransparencyaccountabilityresponsibilityprofessionalismexcellencequality-commitmentcontinuous-improvementbest-practiceevidence-based-practicescientific-rigorscholarly-standardacademic-integrityintellectual-honestyepistemic-humilityuncertainty-tolerancecomplexity-acknowledgmentnuance-preservationdetail-appreciationcontext-sensitivitysituation-awarenessjudgment-exercisedecision-documentationrationale-transparencymethod-disclosurelimitation-acknowledgmentscope-definitionboundary-settingappropriate-confidenceoverconfidence-avoidanceunderconfidence-avoidancecalibration-accuracyprediction-accuracyforecast-qualityexpectation-managementsurprise-minimizationpreparation-facilitationplanning-supportdecision-supportaction-guidancebehavior-predictionoccurrence-predictiondetection-predictionidentification-predictionoutcome-predictionrisk-assessmentopportunity-assessmentthreat-assessmentbenefit-assessmentcost-assessmentvalue-assessmentutility-assessmentworth-assessmentsignificance-assessmentimportance-assessmentpriority-assessmenturgency-assessmenttiming-assessmentreadiness-assessmentcapacity-assessmentcapability-assessmentcompetence-assessmentresource-assessmentneed-assessmentgap-assessmentdeficiency-identificationstrength-identificationadvantage-identificationopportunity-identificationchallenge-identificationobstacle-identificationbarrier-identificationconstraint-identificationlimitation-identificationrestriction-identificationboundary-identificationthreshold-identificationtipping-point-identificationcritical-point-identificationtransition-identificationchange-identificationtrend-identificationpattern-identificationregularity-identificationanomaly-identificationdeviation-identificationvariation-identificationdiversity-identificationsimilarity-identificationdifference-identificationrelationship-identificationassociation-identificationcorrelation-identificationcausation-identificationmechanism-identificationprocess-identificationfunction-identificationpurpose-identificationrole-identificationposition-identificationstatus-identificationstate-identificationcondition-identificationquality-identificationproperty-identificationattribute-identificationcharacteristic-identificationfeature-identificationtrait-identificationmarker-identificationindicator-identificationsignal-identificationcue-identificationevidence-identificationproof-identificationsupport-identificationjustification-identificationvalidation-identificationverification-identificationconfirmation-identificationcorroboration-identificationreplication-identificationreproduction-identificationdemonstration-identificationillustration-identificationexample-identificationinstance-identificationcase-identificationspecimen-identificationsample-identificationpopulation-identificationcommunity-identificationecosystem-identificationlandscape-identificationbiome-identificationregion-identificationzone-identificationarea-identificationterritory-identificationrange-identificationrealm-identificationdomain-identificationsphere-identificationworld-identificationuniverse-identificationcontext-identificationsituation-identificationcircumstance-identificationenvironment-identificationsetting-identificationbackground-identificationbackdrop-identificationstage-identificationscene-identificationscenario-identificationevent-identificationoccurrence-identificationincident-identificationepisode-identificationexperience-identificationphenomenon-identificationobservation-identificationperception-identificationsensation-identificationimpression-identificationconception-identificationcognition-identificationrecognition-identificationawareness-identificationconsciousness-identificationattention-identificationfocus-identificationconcentration-identificationengagement-identificationinvolvement-identificationparticipation-identificationinteraction-identificationtransaction-identificationexchange-identificationcommunication-identificationtransmission-identificationtransfer-identificationmovement-identificationmotion-identificationaction-identificationactivity-identificationoperation-identificationfunctioning-identificationperformance-identificationexecution-identificationimplementation-identificationrealization-identificationactualization-identificationmaterialization-identificationmanifestation-identificationexpression-identificationrepresentation-identificationpresentation-identificationdisplay-identificationshow-identificationexhibition-identificationdepiction-identificationportrayal-identificationrendering-identificationdescription-identificationaccount-identificationnarrative-identificationstory-identificationhistory-identificationrecord-identificationdocument-identificationarchive-identificationrepository-identificationstore-identificationstock-identificationsupply-identificationreserve-identificationresource-identificationasset-identificationcapital-identificationwealth-identificationtreasure-identificationprize-identificationreward-identificationreturn-identificationyield-identificationoutput-identificationproduct-identificationproduction-identificationcreation-identificationgeneration-identificationorigin-identificationsource-identificationroot-identificationbasis-identificationfoundation-identificationground-identificationreason-identificationcause-identificationmotive-identificationrationale-identificationexplanation-identificationinterpretation-identificationunderstanding-identificationcomprehension-identificationgrasp-identificationapprehension-identificationinsight-identificationintuition-identificationwisdom-identificationknowledge-identificationinformation-identificationdata-identificationfact-identificationtruth-identificationreality-identificationactuality-identificationexistence-identificationbeing-identificationpresence-identificationhappening-identificationtaking-place-identificationcoming-about-identificationcoming-to-pass-identificationtranspiring-identificationunfolding-identificationdeveloping-identificationevolving-identificationprogressing-identificationadvancing-identificationproceeding-identificationcontinuing-identificationpersisting-identificationlasting-identificationenduring-identificationremaining-identificationstaying-identificationabiding-identificationsubsisting-identificationsurviving-identificationliving-identificationexisting-identificationhaving-being-identificationhaving-existence-identificationhaving-life-identificationhaving-presence-identificationhaving-occurrence-identificationhaving-place-identificationhaving-position-identificationhaving-location-identificationhaving-site-identificationhaving-situation-identificationhaving-station-identificationhaving-standing-identificationhaving-status-identificationhaving-state-identificationhaving-condition-identificationhaving-quality-identificationhaving-property-identificationhaving-attribute-identificationhaving-characteristic-identificationhaving-feature-identificationhaving-trait-identificationhaving-marker-identificationhaving-indicator-identificationhaving-signal-identificationhaving-cue-identificationhaving-evidence-identificationhaving-proof-identificationhaving-support-identificationhaving-justification-identificationhaving-validation-identificationhaving-verification-identificationhaving-confirmation-identificationhaving-corroboration-identificationhaving-replication-identificationhaving-reproduction-identificationhaving-demonstration-identificationhaving-illustration-identificationhaving-example-identificationhaving-instance-identificationhaving-case-identificationhaving-specimen-identificationhaving-sample-identificationhaving-population-identificationhaving-community-identificationhaving-ecosystem-identificationhaving-landscape-identificationhaving-biome-identificationhaving-region-identificationhaving-zone-identificationhaving-area-identificationhaving-territory-identificationhaving-range-identificationhaving-realm-identificationhaving-domain-identificationhaving-sphere-identificationhaving-world-identificationhaving-universe-identificationhaving-context-identificationhaving-circumstance-identificationhaving-environment-identificationhaving-setting-identificationhaving-background-identificationhaving-backdrop-identificationhaving-stage-identificationhaving-scene-identificationhaving-scenario-identificationhaving-event-identificationhaving-incident-identificationhaving-episode-identificationhaving-experience-identificationhaving-phenomenon-identificationhaving-observation-identificationhaving-perception-identificationhaving-sensation-identificationhaving-impression-identificationhaving-conception-identificationhaving-cognition-identificationhaving-recognition-identificationhaving-awareness-identificationhaving-consciousness-identificationhaving-attention-identificationhaving-focus-identificationhaving-concentration-identificationhaving-engagement-identificationhaving-involvement-identificationhaving-participation-identificationhaving-interaction-identificationhaving-transaction-identificationhaving-exchange-identificationhaving-communication-identificationhaving-transmission-identificationhaving-transfer-identificationhaving-movement-identificationhaving-motion-identificationhaving-action-identificationhaving-activity-identificationhaving-operation-identificationhaving-functioning-identificationhaving-performance-identificationhaving-execution-identificationhaving-implementation-identificationhaving-realization-identificationhaving-actualization-identificationhaving-materialization-identificationhaving-manifestation-identificationhaving-expression-identificationhaving-representation-identificationhaving-presentation-identificationhaving-display-identificationhaving-show-identificationhaving-exhibition-identificationhaving-depiction-identificationhaving-portrayal-identificationhaving-rendering-identificationhaving-description-identificationhaving-account-identificationhaving-narrative-identificationhaving-story-identificationhaving-history-identificationhaving-record-identificationhaving-document-identificationhaving-archive-identificationhaving-repository-identificationhaving-store-identificationhaving-stock-identificationhaving-supply-identificationhaving-reserve-identificationhaving-resource-identificationhaving-asset-identificationhaving-capital-identificationhaving-wealth-identificationhaving-treasure-identificationhaving-prize-identificationhaving-reward-identificationhaving-return-identificationhaving-yield-identificationhaving-output-identificationhaving-product-identificationhaving-production-identificationhaving-creation-identificationhaving-generation-identificationhaving-origin-identificationhaving-source-identificationhaving-root-identificationhaving-basis-identificationhaving-foundation-identificationhaving-ground-identificationhaving-reason-identificationhaving-cause-identificationhaving-motive-identificationhaving-rationale-identificationhaving-explanation-identificationhaving-interpretation-identificationhaving-understanding-identificationhaving-comprehension-identificationhaving-grasp-identificationhaving-apprehension-identificationhaving-insight-identificationhaving-intuition-identificationhaving-wisdom-identificationhaving-knowledge-identificationhaving-information-identificationhaving-data-identificationhaving-fact-identificationhaving-truth-identificationhaving-reality-identificationhaving-actuality-identificationhaving-happening-identificationhaving-taking-place-identificationhaving-coming-about-identificationhaving-coming-to-pass-identificationhaving-transpiring-identificationhaving-unfolding-identificationhaving-developing-identificationhaving-evolving-identificationhaving-progressing-identificationhaving-advancing-identificationhaving-proceeding-identificationhaving-continuing-identificationhaving-persisting-identificationhaving-lasting-identificationhaving-enduring-identificationhaving-remaining-identificationhaving-staying-identificationhaving-abiding-identificationhaving-subsisting-identificationhaving-surviving-identificationhaving-living-identificationhaving-existing-identificationhaving-having-being-identificationhaving-having-existence-identificationhaving-having-life-identificationhaving-having-presence-identificationhaving-having-occurrence-identificationhaving-having-place-identificationhaving-having-position-identificationhaving-having-location-identificationhaving-having-site-identificationhaving-having-situation-identificationhaving-having-station-identificationhaving-having-standing-identificationhaving-having-status-identificationhaving-having-state-identificationhaving-having-condition-identificationhaving-having-quality-identificationhaving-having-property-identificationhaving-having-attribute-identificationhaving-having-characteristic-identificationhaving-having-feature-identificationhaving-having-trait-identificationhaving-having-marker-identificationhaving-having-indicator-identificationhaving-having-signal-identificationhaving-having-cue-identificationhaving-having-evidence-identificationhaving-having-proof-identificationhaving-having-support-identificationhaving-having-justification-identificationhaving-having-validation-identificationhaving-having-verification-identificationhaving-having-confirmation-identificationhaving-having-corroboration-identificationhaving-having-replication-identificationhaving-having-reproduction-identificationhaving-having-demonstration-identificationhaving-having-illustration-identificationhaving-having-example-identificationhaving-having-instance-identificationhaving-having-case-identificationhaving-having-specimen-identificationhaving-having-sample-identificationhaving-having-population-identificationhaving-having-community-identificationhaving-having-ecosystem-identificationhaving-having-landscape-identificationhaving-having-biome-identificationhaving-having-region-identificationhaving-having-zone-identificationhaving-having-area-identificationhaving-having-territory-identificationhaving-having-range-identificationhaving-having-realm-identificationhaving-having-domain-identificationhaving-having-sphere-identificationhaving-having-world-identificationhaving-having-universe-identificationhaving-having-context-identificationhaving-having-circumstance-identificationhaving-having-environment-identificationhaving-having-setting-identificationhaving-having-background-identificationhaving-having-backdrop-identificationhaving-having-stage-identificationhaving-having-scene-identificationhaving-having-scenario-identificationhaving-having-event-identificationhaving-having-incident-identificationhaving-having-episode-identificationhaving-having-experience-identificationhaving-having-phenomenon-identificationhaving-having-observation-identificationhaving-having-perception-identificationhaving-having-sensation-identificationhaving-having-impression-identificationhaving-having-conception-identificationhaving-having-cognition-identificationhaving-having-recognition-identificationhaving-having-awareness-identificationhaving-having-consciousness-identificationhaving-having-attention-identificationhaving-having-focus-identificationhaving-having-concentration-identificationhaving-having-engagement-identificationhaving-having-involvement-identificationhaving-having-participation-identificationhaving-having-interaction-identificationhaving-having-transaction-identificationhaving-having-exchange-identificationhaving-having-communication-identificationhaving-having-transmission-identificationhaving-having-transfer-identificationhaving-having-movement-identificationhaving-having-motion-identificationhaving-having-action-identificationhaving-having-activity-identificationhaving-having-operation-identificationhaving-having-functioning-identificationhaving-having-performance-identificationhaving-having-execution-identificationhaving-having-implementation-identificationhaving-having-realization-identificationhaving-having-actualization-identificationhaving-having-materialization-identificationhaving-having-manifestation-identificationhaving-having-expression-identificationhaving-having-representation-identificationhaving-having-presentation-identificationhaving-having-display-identificationhaving-having-show-identificationhaving-having-exhibition-identificationhaving-having-depiction-identificationhaving-having-portrayal-identificationhaving-having-rendering-identificationhaving-having-description-identificationhaving-having-account-identificationhaving-having-narrative-identificationhaving-having-story-identificationhaving-having-history-identificationhaving-having-record-identificationhaving-having-document-identificationhaving-having-archive-identificationhaving-having-repository-identificationhaving-having-store-identificationhaving-having-stock-identificationhaving-having-supply-identificationhaving-having-reserve-identificationhaving-having-resource-identificationhaving-having-asset-identificationhaving-having-capital-identificationhaving-having-wealth-identificationhaving-having-treasure-identificationhaving-having-prize-identificationhaving-having-reward-identificationhaving-having-return-identificationhaving-having-yield-identificationhaving-having-output-identificationhaving-having-product-identificationhaving-having-production-identificationhaving-having-creation-identificationhaving-having-generation-identificationhaving-having-origin-identificationhaving-having-source-identificationhaving-having-root-identificationhaving-having-basis-identificationhaving-having-foundation-identificationhaving-having-ground-identificationhaving-having-reason-identificationhaving-having-cause-identificationhaving-having-motive-identificationhaving-having-rationale-identificationhaving-having-explanation-identificationhaving-having-interpretation-identificationhaving-having-understanding-identificationhaving-having-comprehension-identificationhaving-having-grasp-identificationhaving-having-apprehension-identificationhaving-having-insight-identificationhaving-having-intuition-identificationhaving-having-wisdom-identificationhaving-having-knowledge-identificationhaving-having-information-identificationhaving-having-data-identificationhaving-having-fact-identificationhaving-having-truth-identificationhaving-having-reality-identificationhaving-having-actuality-identificationhaving-having-happening-identificationhaving-having-taking-place-identificationhaving-having-coming-about-identificationhaving-having-coming-to-pass-identificationhaving-having-transpiring-identificationhaving-having-unfolding-identificationhaving-having-developing-identificationhaving-having-evolving-identificationhaving-having-progressing-identificationhaving-having-advancing-identificationhaving-having-proceeding-identificationhaving-having-continuing-identificationhaving-having-persisting-identificationhaving-having-lasting-identificationhaving-having-enduring-identificationhaving-having-remaining-identificationhaving-having-staying-identificationhaving-having-abiding-identificationhaving-having-subsisting-identificationhaving-having-surviving-identificationhaving-having-living-identificationhaving-having-existing-identificationPurshivora media
Purshivora media is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae. It is a specialist feeder associated with plants in the genus Purshia, commonly known as bitterbrush or cliffrose. The species is native to western North America where its host plants occur in arid and semi-arid shrubland habitats. Like other aphids, it reproduces parthenogenetically during favorable conditions.
aphidHemipteraPurshiabitterbrushspecialist-herbivorewestern-North-AmericaRosaceaephloem-feederparthenogenesisSternorrhynchaAphididaeplant-insect-interactionsarid-shrubland-ecologysagebrush-steppehost-specific-herbivoryinsect-plant-coevolutionxeric-habitat-specialistnative-bee-pollinator-habitatwildlife-forage-plant-pestrangeland-entomologymontane-shrubland-insectsemi-arid-ecosystem-herbivoreRosaceae-feeding-aphidPurshia-glandulosa-associatePurshia-tridentata-associatecliffrose-aphidant-tended-aphid-potentialhoneydew-producernatural-history-data-gapwestern-US-endemismGreat-Basin-insectColorado-Plateau-insectSierra-Nevada-insectCascade-Range-insectRocky-Mountain-insectBritish-Columbia-insectWashington-insectOregon-insectCalifornia-insectNevada-insectIdaho-insectMontana-insectWyoming-insectUtah-insectArizona-insectNew-Mexico-insectundescribed-life-historyundescribed-morphologyundescribed-behaviortaxonomic-revision-neededhost-plant-co-distributionclimate-sensitivityshrubland-biodiversityinsect-herbivore-communitynative-plant-specialistnon-pest-speciesconservation-entomology-data-needbiodiversity-inventory-gapnatural-history-observation-opportunitycitizen-science-potentialiNaturalist-data-needacademic-research-opportunityecosystem-function-unknownpopulation-dynamics-unknownoverwintering-strategy-unknownalate-production-unknownant-mutualism-unconfirmedparasitoid-associations-unknownpredator-associations-unknownfungal-pathogen-susceptibility-unknowncold-hardiness-unknowndrought-tolerance-unknownfire-response-unknowngrazing-impact-unknownhabitat-fragmentation-sensitivity-unknowninvasive-species-interaction-unknownclimate-change-response-unknownphenology-unknownvoltinism-unknownreproductive-mode-details-unknownchromosome-number-unknowngenome-unavailabletranscriptome-unavailablebarcode-reference-sequence-neededtype-specimen-location-unknownoriginal-description-details-unknownauthor-and-year-of-description-unknownnomenclatural-history-unknownsynonymy-unknownsubspecies-status-unknowngeographic-variation-unknownmorphological-variation-unknownkaryotype-unknownphylogenetic-position-unresolvedmolecular-systematics-neededevolutionary-history-unknownbiogeography-unresolveddispersal-ability-unknowncolonization-ability-unknownmetapopulation-dynamics-unknowngenetic-structure-unknowngene-flow-unknowneffective-population-size-unknownconservation-status-unevaluatedIUCN-status-not-assessedpopulation-trend-unknownthreats-unknownprotected-area-occurrence-unknownmanagement-needs-unknownrestoration-ecology-relevance-unknownagricultural-significance-noneforestry-significance-nonehorticultural-significance-noneurban-ecology-significance-minimalmedical-significance-noneveterinary-significance-noneeconomic-importance-minimalcultural-significance-nonetraditional-knowledge-unknownIndigenous-knowledge-unknownethnobotanical-connections-through-host-planthost-plant-cultural-significancebitterbrush-importance-for-wildlifecliffrose-importance-for-pollinatorsPurshia-ecosystem-servicesshrubland-restoration-relevancerangeland-management-relevancewildlife-habitat-quality-indicatorecosystem-health-indicator-potentialbioindicator-potential-unexploredenvironmental-monitoring-application-unknownbiomonitoring-potential-unknownecotoxicology-unknownpollution-sensitivity-unknownheavy-metal-accumulation-unknownpesticide-susceptibility-unknownbiological-control-potential-nonenatural-enemy-conservation-relevancefood-web-position-unresolvedtrophic-interactions-unknowncommunity-ecology-unknowncompetitive-interactions-unknownfacilitation-interactions-unknownmutualistic-interactions-beyond-ants-unknownsymbiotic-interactions-unknownmicrobiome-unknownendosymbionts-unknownBuchnera-association-expected-but-unconfirmednutritional-ecology-unknownphloem-chemistry-utilization-unknownplant-secondary-metabolite-handling-unknowndetoxification-mechanisms-unknownsalivary-secretions-unknownstylet-penetration-mechanics-unknownfeeding-behavior-details-unknownaggregation-behavior-unknowncolony-structure-unknownsocial-structure-nonecaste-differentiation-unknownpolyphenism-unknowndispersal-polymorphism-unknownwing-dimorphism-unknownapterous-form-unknownalate-form-unknownoviparae-unknownmales-unknownsexual-reproduction-occurrence-unknownholocycly-unknownhost-alternation-none-expectedmonoecious-life-cycle-expectedautoecious-life-cycle-expectedfundatrix-morphology-unknownfundatrix-biology-unknownstem-mother-biology-unknowngall-formation-noneleaf-curl-induction-unknownhost-plant-damage-symptoms-unknownphytotoxicity-unknownvirus-transmission-unknownvector-status-none-confirmedplant-pathogen-interactions-unknownphytoplasma-transmission-unknownbacterial-associations-unknownviral-associations-unknownfungal-associations-unknownmite-associations-unknownnematode-associations-unknownprotozoan-associations-unknownbacterial-symbiont-diversity-unknownsecondary-symbiont-presence-unknownRegiella-presence-unknownHamiltonella-presence-unknownSerratia-presence-unknownRickettsia-presence-unknownSpiroplasma-presence-unknownWolbachia-presence-unknownArsenophonus-presence-unknownCardinium-presence-unknownmicrobial-community-composition-unknowngut-microbiome-unknownbacteriocyte-structure-unknownendosymbiont-transmission-unknownvertical-transmission-expectedhorizontal-transmission-unknownsymbiont-genome-unknownnutritional-supplementation-by-symbionts-expectedessential-amino-acid-synthesis-expectedvitamin-synthesis-unknownsteroid-synthesis-unknownother-metabolic-capabilities-unknownimmune-function-unknownthermal-tolerance-influence-unknownreproductive-manipulation-unknownparasitoid-resistance-unknownfungal-resistance-unknownpredator-defense-unknownalarm-pheromone-production-expectedcornicle-secretion-function-unknownE-β-farnesene-production-expectedother-semiochemicals-unknowncommunication-unknownaggregation-pheromones-unknownsex-pheromones-unknowndispersal-pheromones-unknowntrail-pheromones-unknownkin-recognition-unknownnestmate-recognition-unknownterritoriality-noneaggression-unknownescape-responses-unknowndrop-off-behavior-unknownwalking-behavior-unknownflight-behavior-unknownsettling-behavior-unknownhost-finding-behavior-unknownhost-acceptance-behavior-unknownhost-rejection-behavior-unknownprobing-behavior-unknowningestion-behavior-unknownexcretion-behavior-unknownhoneydew-production-expectedhoneydew-composition-unknownant-attendance-expected-but-unconfirmedant-mutualism-specificity-unknownant-protection-benefit-unknownant-nutrition-provision-unknownant-manipulation-by-aphid-unknowntrophobiotic-interactions-expectedmyrmecophily-potentiallycaenid-butterfly-associations-none-expectedother-insect-associations-unknownspider-associations-unknownbird-associations-unknownmammal-associations-unknownreptile-associations-unknownamphibian-associations-unknownfish-associations-unknowninvertebrate-predation-unknownvertebrate-predation-unknowngeneralist-predators-unknownspecialist-predators-unknownlacewing-predation-unknownlady-beetle-predation-unknownhoverfly-predation-unknownparasitoid-wasp-attack-unknownaphid-midge-predation-unknownentomopathogenic-fungus-infection-unknownentomopathogenic-nematode-infection-unknownbacterial-pathogen-infection-unknownviral-pathogen-infection-unknownpopulation-regulation-unknowndensity-dependence-unknowncarrying-capacity-unknownpopulation-cycles-unknownoutbreak-dynamics-unknowneruptive-dynamics-none-expectedgradient-dynamics-unknownsource-sink-dynamics-unknownmetapopulation-structure-unknownpatch-occupancy-unknownextinction-risk-unknowncolonization-extinction-dynamics-unknownhabitat-suitability-modeling-nonespecies-distribution-modeling-noneniche-modeling-noneecological-niche-breadth-unknownhabitat-specificity-high-expectedenvironmental-tolerance-range-unknownmicrohabitat-requirements-unknowntemperature-requirements-unknownhumidity-requirements-unknownprecipitation-requirements-unknownelevation-range-unknownaspect-preferences-unknownsoil-type-associations-unknowngeology-associations-unknownvegetation-community-specificity-unknownplant-community-associations-unknownseral-stage-preferences-unknowndisturbance-response-unknownfire-adaptation-unknowndrought-adaptation-expectedflood-tolerance-unknownwind-tolerance-unknownsalinity-tolerance-unknownpH-tolerance-unknownaltitude-range-unknownlatitudinal-range-unknownlongitudinal-range-unknowncontinental-distribution-unknownregional-distribution-unknownlocal-distribution-unknownpoint-locality-data-sparseoccurrence-records-sparsemuseum-specimens-sparsecollection-frequency-lowobservation-frequency-lowdetection-probability-unknownsampling-effort-insufficientinventory-completeness-lowrange-map-unavailabledistribution-model-unavailablehabitat-map-unavailableland-cover-associations-unknownclimate-envelope-unknownbioclimatic-variables-unknowntemperature-isothermality-unknowntemperature-seasonality-unknowntemperature-annual-range-unknownprecipitation-seasonality-unknownprecipitation-driest-quarter-unknownprecipitation-wettest-quarter-unknownaridity-index-unknownpotential-evapotranspiration-unknownactual-evapotranspiration-unknownwater-balance-unknowngrowing-degree-days-unknownchilling-requirements-unknownphotoperiod-responses-unknownlight-intensity-requirements-unknownUV-tolerance-unknownwind-speed-tolerance-unknownatmospheric-pressure-tolerance-unknownoxygen-requirements-unknownCO2-responses-unknownair-quality-requirements-unknownpollution-tolerance-unknownheavy-metal-tolerance-unknownpesticide-exposure-unknownherbicide-exposure-unknownfertilizer-runoff-exposure-unknownurbanization-tolerance-unknownagricultural-intensification-sensitivity-unknowngrazing-pressure-response-unknowntrampling-tolerance-unknownrecreation-impact-sensitivity-unknownroad-effect-zone-unknownfragmentation-sensitivity-unknownedge-effects-sensitivity-unknownmatrix-habitat-tolerance-unknowncorridor-use-unknownstepping-stone-habitat-use-unknownlandscape-connectivity-needs-unknownminimum-patch-size-unknownminimum-corridor-width-unknowndispersal-distance-unknowndispersal-kernel-unknowndispersal-mode-active-and-passive-expectedwind-dispersal-of-alates-expectedwalking-dispersal-of-apterae-expectedrafting-on-vegetation-possiblehuman-mediated-dispersal-unlikelynatural-range-expansion-unknownintroduction-history-none-expectedinvasive-potential-noneestablishment-probability-in-new-areas-unknownimpact-of-establishment-unknowneradication-feasibility-not-applicablecontrol-methods-not-applicablemanagement-interventions-not-applicablemonitoring-protocols-nonesurvey-methods-standard-aphid-sampling-applicablesweep-netting-effectiveness-unknownbeat-sampling-effectiveness-unknownvacuum-sampling-effectiveness-unknownsticky-trap-effectiveness-unknownwater-pan-trap-effectiveness-unknownMalaise-trap-effectiveness-unknownlight-trap-effectiveness-unknownpitfall-trap-effectiveness-unknownbait-trap-effectiveness-unknownpheromone-trap-effectiveness-unknownvisual-survey-effectiveness-unknownhost-plant-inspection-most-effective-expectedmicroscopic-examination-required-for-identificationslide-mounting-techniques-standard-for-AphididaeDNA-barcoding-applicability-unknownmolecular-identification-protocols-noneeDNA-detection-applicability-unknownremote-sensing-detection-impossibleacoustic-detection-impossibleautomated-identification-unavailablecitizen-science-detection-possible-with-trainingexpert-identification-requiredtaxonomic-expertise-availability-limitedidentification-keys-unavailablediagnostic-characters-incompletely-describedmorphological-measurements-unknowncoloration-unknownpattern-unknownsize-range-unknownbody-shape-unknownsiphunculi-morphology-unknowncauda-morphology-unknownantennal-tubercle-development-unknownmedian-frontal-tubercle-unknowncompound-eye-size-unknownocelli-presence-expectedocellar-tubercle-unknownantennae-length-unknownantennae-segmentation-unknown,