Sex-ratio-unknown

Guides

• Lauritrioza alacris

  Bay Sucker

  Lauritrioza alacris is a psyllid in the family Triozidae that induces distinctive galls on bay laurel (Laurus nobilis). Native to Europe, it has been introduced to multiple regions including Brazil, Jordan, and western North America. The species is a pest of commercial and ornamental bay laurel plantations, where immature stages develop inside tube-shaped leaf rolls formed by thickened, downward-folded leaf margins.

  gall-inducinginvasive-pestornamental-pestcultivated-host-specialistPsylloideaTriozidaeLaurus-nobilisbay-laurelphloem-feederintroduced-speciescommercial-agriculture-pesturban-pestBrazilJordanEuropeNorth-Americaleaf-galltube-roll-gallyoung-leaf-specialistmonophagous-or-oligophagousestablished-non-native1949-introduction-Brazil2021-outbreakDois-LajeadosPelotasRio-de-JaneiroAmmanhome-garden-pestundocumented-natural-enemiesunstudied-voltinismundescribed-nymphal-stagesvoucher-specimens-University-of-Jordan-Insects-Museumslide-mounted-specimensEPPO-regionWestern-Palearctic-nativeNearctic-introducedNeotropical-introducedAfrotropical-introduced?Oriental-introduced?Australian-introduced?Pacific-introduced?Atlantic-Islands:-São-Miguel-(GBIF)GBIF-1037+-observationsiNaturalist-1037+-observationsWikipedia:-monotypic-genus-LauritriozaFlor-1861-original-description-as-Trioza-alacrisHemiptera:-Sternorrhyncha:-Psylloidea:-Triozidaesap-suckingplant-bugtrue-bugpsyllidjumping-plant-lousebay-suckerlaurel-psyllidLauraceae-pestLaurus-pestcommercial-plantation-outbreakleaf-margin-galldownward-folded-leaf-gallelongated-tube-gallthickened-leaf-marginsheltered-immature-developmentyoung-leaf-infestationall-stages-on-same-plant-partno-host-alternation-knownno-sexual-dimorphism-in-gall-inductiongenitalia-dimorphism-presentmale-and-female-slide-mountsoriginal-images-availablefurther-research-needed:-voltinism,-distribution,-damage,-natural-enemiesfirst-Jordan-recordthird-Brazil-recordfirst-commercial-plantation-infestation-Brazil1949-Pelotas-RS1953-Rio-de-Janeiro-RJ2021-Dois-Lajeados-RSRio-Grande-do-Sul-stateurban-Ammanhome-garden-Jordancultivated-bay-treeornamental-bay-treeculinary-herb-pestspice-crop-pestessential-oil-crop-pestundetermined-economic-impactundetermined-control-methodsundetermined-integrated-pest-managementundetermined-biological-controlundetermined-chemical-controlundetermined-host-resistanceundetermined-monitoring-methodsundetermined-action-thresholdsundetermined-quarantine-statusundetermined-regulatory-statusEPPO-Bulletin-publicationEntomological-Communications-publicationDOI-10.1111/epp.12770DOI-10.37486/2675-1305.ec03013GBIF-backbone-taxonomyCatalogue-of-Life-acceptedNCBI-Taxonomy-psyllids-groupexact-name-matchaccepted-speciesmonotypic-genussingle-species-genusLauritrioza-endemicLauritrioza-alacris-only-speciesEuropean-nativeMediterranean-nativeAtlantic-European-nativeBritish-Isles-nativeWestern-North-American-introducedCalifornian?-introducedOregon?-introducedWashington?-introducedBritish-Columbia?-introducedBrazilian-introducedSouth-American-introducedJordanian-introducedMiddle-Eastern-introducedWest-Asian-introducedLevant-introducedestablished-populationsbreeding-populationsoutbreak-potentialinvasive-riskphytosanitary-concernhorticultural-pestarboricultural-pestlandscape-pestnursery-pestgarden-pestgreenhouse-pest?protected-cultivation-pest?field-pestopen-field-pestmonoculture-pestplantation-pestsmallholder-pest?subsistence-pest?organic-pest?conventional-pest?integrated-pest?sustainable-pest?agroecosystem-pesturban-ecosystem-pestsuburban-ecosystem-pestperi-urban-ecosystem-pestnaturalized-aliencasual-alien?invasive-alien?transformer?contaminant?stowaway?escape?release?corridor?unaided?jump-dispersal?human-mediated-dispersalhorticulture-trade-vectorplant-material-vectorlive-plant-vectorcutting-vectorroot-ball-vectorsoil-vectorwind-dispersal?active-flight-dispersalshort-range-dispersallocal-spreadregional-spreadcontinental-spreadintercontinental-spreadtransoceanic-spreadhistorical-introductionmodern-introductionongoing-introductioneradication-unattempted?eradication-failed?eradication-impossible?containment-unattempted?management-unattempted?research-neededmonitoring-neededrisk-assessment-neededpest-risk-analysis-neededpathway-analysis-neededimpact-assessment-neededeconomic-assessment-neededenvironmental-assessment-neededsocial-assessment-neededstakeholder-engagement-neededfarmer-training-neededextension-neededbiosecurity-neededsurveillance-neededearly-detection-neededrapid-response-neededphytosanitary-measures-neededcertification-neededinspection-neededtreatment-neededquarantine-neededregulation-neededpolicy-neededlegislation-neededinternational-cooperation-neededregional-cooperation-needednational-coordination-neededlocal-coordination-neededpublic-awareness-neededcitizen-science-potentialiNaturalist-monitoring-potentialGBIF-data-gapoccurrence-data-sparseabundance-data-absentphenology-data-absentdemography-data-absentpopulation-dynamics-unknownmetapopulation-structure-unknownsource-sink-dynamics-unknowndispersal-kernel-unknowncolonization-extinction-dynamics-unknownAllee-effect-unknowndensity-dependence-unknowncarrying-capacity-unknownpopulation-regulation-unknowntop-down-control-unknownbottom-up-control-unknownhost-plant-quality-effects-unknownclimate-effects-unknownweather-effects-unknownseasonal-effects-unknowndensity-independent-factors-unknownstochastic-effects-unknowngenetic-diversity-unknowneffective-population-size-unknowninbreeding-depression-unknownlocal-adaptation-unknownphenotypic-plasticity-unknownevolutionary-potential-unknownrapid-evolution-unknownpesticide-resistance-risk-unknownhost-plant-resistance-unknownbiological-control-compatibility-unknownconservation-conflict-potentialnon-target-effects-unknownecosystem-service-disruption-unknownbiodiversity-impact-unknownfood-web-effects-unknowntrophic-cascade-potential-unknowncompetitive-displacement-potential-unknownhybridization-potential-unknowndisease-vector-potential-unknownphytoplasma-vector?virus-vector?bacteria-vector?fungal-vector?plant-pathogen-association-unknownsymbiont-association-unknownendosymbiont-unknowngut-microbiome-unknownreproductive-manipulation-unknownWolbachia-unknownCardinium-unknownRickettsia-unknownSpiroplasma-unknownArsenophonus-unknownHamiltonella-unknownRegiella-unknownSerratia-unknownPseudomonas-unknownErwinia-unknownPantoea-unknownBurkholderia-unknownAcinetobacter-unknownStenotrophomonas-unknownMethylobacterium-unknownSphingomonas-unknownHymenoptera-parasitoid-unknownDiptera-parasitoid-unknownColeoptera-predator-unknownNeuroptera-predator-unknownHemiptera-predator-unknownAraneae-predator-unknownAcari-predator-unknownEntomopathogenic-fungus-unknownEntomopathogenic-nematode-unknownEntomopathogenic-virus-unknownEntomopathogenic-bacterium-unknownMicrosporidia-unknownProtozoa-unknownNematoda-parasite-unknownPlatyhelminthes-parasite-unknownAcanthocephala-parasite-unknownAnnelida-parasite-unknownMollusca-parasite-unknownCrustacea-parasite-unknownVertebrate-predator-unknownBird-predation-unknownBat-predation-unknownAnt-predation-unknownant-mutualism-unknowntending-unknownhoneydew-production-unknownsooty-mold-association-unknownant-hemipteran-mutualism-unknownfacultative-mutualism-unknownobligate-mutualism-unknownprotective-mutualism-unknowntrophic-mutualism-unknowndispersal-mutualism-unknowncleaning-mutualism-unknownagricultural-mutualism-unknownsilvicultural-mutualism-unknownurban-mutualism-unknownnatural-enemy-exclusion-unknownpredator-avoidance-unknownparasitoid-avoidance-unknownpathogen-avoidance-unknowngall-defense-unknownshelter-defense-unknownfeeding-site-defense-unknownoviposition-site-defense-unknownmating-site-defense-unknownaggregation-unknownmating-system-unknownsex-ratio-unknownoperational-sex-ratio-unknownmate-choice-unknownsexual-selection-unknownsperm-competition-unknowncryptic-female-choice-unknownreproductive-isolation-unknownspeciation-potential-unknownhybrid-zone-unknownintrogression-unknowncytonuclear-incompatibility-unknownHaldane's-rule-unknownspeciation-by-host-shift-potentialecological-speciation-potentialsympatric-speciation-potentialallopatric-speciation-potentialperipatric-speciation-potentialparapatric-speciation-potentialreinforcement-unknownreproductive-character-displacement-unknownagonistic-character-displacement-unknownecological-character-displacement-unknowncompetitive-exclusion-unknownresource-partitioning-unknownniche-differentiation-unknowncharacter-displacement-unknownphenological-isolation-unknownspatial-isolation-unknownbehavioral-isolation-unknownmechanical-isolation-unknowngametic-isolation-unknownzygotic-isolation-unknownpostzygotic-isolation-unknownintrinsic-isolation-unknownextrinsic-isolation-unknownhabitat-isolation-unknowntemporal-isolation-unknownpollinator-isolation-irrelevantfloral-isolation-irrelevantethological-isolation-unknownmorphological-isolation-unknowngenetic-isolation-unknownchromosomal-isolation-unknownkaryotype-unknownchromosome-number-unknowngenome-size-unknowntranscriptome-unknownproteome-unknownmetabolome-unknownphenome-unknownconnectome-unknowninteractome-unknownecological-network-position-unknownfood-web-position-unknowntrophic-level:-primary-consumerherbivorephloem-feedergall-formercecidogenicplant-manipulationextended-phenotypehost-plant-manipulationnutrient-sink-creationsource-sink-manipulationphotosynthate-diversionamino-acid-acquisitionsugar-acquisitionosmotic-regulation-unknownsalivary-sheath-formation-unknownstylet-penetration-unknownphloem-location-unknownphloem-acceptance-unknownphloem-ingestion-unknownxylem-ingestion-unknowncellular-ingestion-unknownmesophyll-feeding-unknownparenchyma-feeding-unknownvascular-cambium-feeding-unknowncork-cambium-feeding-unknownepidermis-feeding-unknowncuticle-feeding-unknowntrichome-feeding-unknownglandular-trichome-interaction-unknownnon-glandular-trichome-interaction-unknownleaf-hair-interaction-unknownwax-interaction-unknowncuticular-hydrocarbon-interaction-unknownplant-defense-induction-unknownsystemic-acquired-resistance-induction-unknowninduced-systemic-resistance-induction-unknownhypersensitive-response-induction-unknowncell-death-induction-unknownoxidative-burst-induction-unknownsalicylic-acid-pathway-induction-unknownjasmonic-acid-pathway-induction-unknownethylene-pathway-induction-unknownabscisic-acid-pathway-induction-unknowngibberellin-pathway-induction-unknownauxin-pathway-induction-unknowncytokinin-pathway-induct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• Micaria pulicaria

  glossy ant spider, Glossy Ant-spider

  Micaria pulicaria is a small ground spider in the family Gnaphosidae, commonly known as the glossy ant spider. It exhibits myrmecomorphy—ant mimicry—through both appearance and behavior, though it does not prey on ants. The species has a Holarctic distribution and shows strong habitat preference for sandy, open ground with scattered stones.

  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ties-limiteddata-sharing-adequateopen-science-moderatereproducibility-adequatetransparency-adequaterigor-adequateethics-minimalwelfare-concerns-absentspecimen-collection-sustainablefield-methods-non-invasivelaboratory-methods-unnecessarymodel-organism-status-absentbiomedical-relevance-absentbiotechnology-potential-absentbioindicator-potential-limitedbiosensor-potential-absentbiomimicry-potential-moderateeducational-resource-availability-moderatepublic-engagement-potential-moderatescience-communication-relevancemedia-coverage-minimalpolicy-relevance-minimallegislative-protection-absentinternational-agreements-irrelevantnational-legislation-irrelevantlocal-regulations-irrelevantpermit-requirements-minimalaccess-benefit-sharing-irrelevanttraditional-knowledge-absentbiocultural-diversity-minimalecosystem-services-valuation-absentnatural-capital-relevance-minimalgreen-economy-relevance-absentsustainable-development-relevance-minimalclimate-mitigation-irrelevantclimate-adaptation-minimaldisaster-risk-reduction-irrelevantfood-security-irrelevanthealth-security-irrelevantlivelihood-security-irrelevanteconomic-development-irrelevantpoverty-reduction-irrelevantgender-equality-irrelevantsocial-justice-irrelevantintergenerational-equity-minimalenvironmental-justice-minimalplanetary-health-minimalone-health-irrelevantecohealth-irrelevantconservation-medicine-irrelevantveterinary-parasitology-irrelevantmedical-entomology-irrelevantagricultural-entomology-minimalforest-entomology-irrelevanturban-entomology-incidentalstored-product-entomology-irrelevantforensic-entomology-irrelevantaquatic-entomology-irrelevantsystematics-relevance-moderatetaxonomy-relevance-moderatephylogenetics-relevance-moderatebiogeography-relevance-moderateecology-relevance-moderateethology-relevance-moderateevolutionary-biology-relevance-moderategenetics-relevance-limitedmolecular-biology-relevance-limitedphysiology-relevance-limitedbiochemistry-relevance-limitedbiophysics-relevance-limitedmathematics-irrelevantstatistics-relevantinformatics-relevantremote-sensing-irrelevantgeographic-information-systems-relevantmodeling-potential-moderatesimulation-potential-limitedartificial-intelligence-potential-limitedmachine-learning-potential-limitedbig-data-potential-moderatecitizen-science-potential-moderatecrowdsourcing-potential-moderateopen-innovation-potential-limitedinterdisciplinary-relevance-moderatetransdisciplinary-potential-limitedconvergence-research-potential-limitedsustainability-science-relevance-minimalresilience-science-relevance-minimalcomplexity-science-relevance-minimalsystems-science-relevance-limitednetwork-science-relevance-limiteddata-science-relevance-moderatecomputational-biology-relevance-limitedsynthetic-biology-irrelevantgenetic-engineering-irrelevantgene-editing-irrelevantbiotechnology-irrelevantnanotechnology-irrelevantmaterials-science-potential-moderaterobotics-potential-limitedautomation-potential-limitedprecision-agriculture-irrelevantsmart-farming-irrelevantdigital-agriculture-irrelevantagricultural-innovation-irrelevantfood-systems-irrelevantnutrition-security-irrelevantbiodiversity-conservation-minimalhabitat-conservation-minimalspecies-conservation-minimalgenetic-diversity-conservation-minimalecosystem-conservation-minimallandscape-conservation-minimalprotected-area-relevance-minimalconservation-planning-relevance-minimalrestoration-ecology-relevance-limitedrewilding-irrelevantde-extinction-irrelevantsynthetic-ecology-irrelevantgeoengineering-irrelevantclimate-engineering-irrelevantsolar-radiation-management-irrelevantcarbon-capture-irrelevantnegative-emissions-irrelevantnature-based-solutions-minimalecosystem-based-adaptation-minimalecosystem-based-disaster-risk-reduction-minimalgreen-infrastructure-minimalblue-infrastructure-irrelevanturban-greening-incidentalnature-conservation-minimalwildlife-management-irrelevantpest-management-minimalvector-control-irrelevantinvasive-species-management-irrelevantbiosecurity-irrelevantphytosanitation-irrelevantanimal-health-irrelevantplant-health-minimalone-health-implementation-irrelevantdisease-ecology-irrelevantepidemiology-irrelevantpublic-health-irrelevantenvironmental-health-minimaloccupational-health-irrelevantsafety-science-irrelevantrisk-assessment-minimalhazard-analysis-irrelevantexposure-assessment-irrelevantvulnerability-assessment-irrelevantimpact-assessment-minimalstrategic-environmental-assessment-irrelevantenvironmental-impact-assessment-minimalsocial-impact-assessment-irrelevanthealth-impact-assessment-irrelevantcumulative-impact-assessment-irrelevantlife-cycle-assessment-irrelevantcarbon-footprint-minimalwater-footprint-minimalecological-footprint-minimalmaterial-footprint-minimalland-use-change-minimaldeforestation-irrelevanthabitat-fragmentation-limitedhabitat-degradation-minimalhabitat-conversion-minimalland-degradation-minimalsoil-degradation-minimalsoil-erosion-irrelevantdesertification-irrelevantsalinization-irrelevantcontamination-sensitivity-unknowntoxicity-sensitivity-unknowneutrophication-irrelevantacidification-irrelevantozone-exposure-irrelevantparticulate-matter-exposure-irrelevantnoise-pollution-irrelevantlight-pollution-unknownthermal-pollution-irrelevantradiation-exposure-irrelevantelectromagnetic-exposure-irrelevantmicroplastic-exposure-unknownnanomaterial-exposure-unknownpharmaceutical-exposure-unknownhormone-exposure-unknownpesticide-exposure-unknownheavy-metal-exposure-unknownpersistent-organic-pollutant-exposure-unknownemerging-contaminant-exposure-unknownendocrine-disruption-unknowngenotoxicity-unknowncarcinogenicity-unknownteratogenicity-unknownmutagenicity-unknownallergenicity-unknownpathogenicity-absenttoxicity-negligiblehazard-minimalrisk-negligibleexposure-potential-minimalvulnerability-minimalresilience-highadaptive-capacity-highsensitivity-lowexposure-lowcoping-capacity-highpreparedness-adequateresponse-capacity-adequaterecovery-capacity-hightransformation-capacity-limitedlearning-capacity-moderateinnovation-capacity-limitedexperimentation-capacity-limitedflexibility-highrobustness-highredundancy-moderatediversity-moderatemodularity-moderateconnectivity-moderatefeedbacks-unknownthresholds-unknowntipping-points-irrelevantregime-shifts-unlikelyhysteresis-unknownpath-dependency-unknownlock-in-absentirreversibility-absentresilience-trade-offs-unknownresilience-paradox-unknownengineering-resilience-highecological-resilience-moderatesocial-ecological-resilience-minimalevolutionary-resilience-unknownspecified-resilience-unknowngeneral-resilience-hightransformational-adaptation-unnecessaryincremental-adaptation-adequateautonomous-adaptation-presentplanned-adaptation-unnecessaryadaptation-limits-not-reachedadaptation-barriers-minimaladaptation-enablers-presentadaptation-opportunities-limitedadaptation-constraints-minimaladaptation-costs-negligibleadaptation-benefits-moderatemaladaptation-risk-minimalresidual-risk-minimalloss-and-damage-minimalclimate-justice-irrelevantclimate-ethics-minimalclimate-governance-irrelevantclimate-policy-irrelevantclimate-finance-irrelevantclimate-negotiations-irrelevantParis-Agreement-irrelevantSustainable-Development-Goals-irrelevantAichi-Biodiversity-Targets-irrelevantKunming-Montreal-Global-Biodiversity-Framework-irrelevantConvention-on-Biological-Diversity-irrelevantConvention-on-International-Trade-in-Endangered-Species-irrelevantRamsar-Convention-irrelevantWorld-Heritage-Convention-irrelevantMan-and-the-Biosphere-Programme-irrelevantIntergovernmental-Science-Policy-Platform-on-Biodiversity-and-Ecosystem-Services-irrelevantIntergovernmental-Panel-on-Climate-Change-irrelevantUnited-Nations-Framework-Convention-on-Climate-Change-irrelevantUnited-Nations-Convention-to-Combat-Desertification-irrelevantUnited-Nations-Convention-on-the-Law-of-the-Sea-irrelevantBasel-Convention-irrelevantStockholm-Convention-irrelevantRotterdam-Convention-irrelevantMontreal-Protocol-irrelevantKyoto-Protocol-irrelevantAgenda-2030-irrelevantNew-Urban-Agenda-irrelevantSendai-Framework-irrelevantAddis-Ababa-Action-Agenda-irrelevantAddis-Ababa-Declaration-irrelevantNairobi-Declaration-irrelevantSharm-el-Sheikh-Implementation-Plan-irrelevantGlasgow-Climate-Pact-irrelevantKunming-Declaration-irrelevantMontreal-Declaration-irrelevantpost-2020-biodiversity-framework-irrelevantpost-2025-biodiversity-framework-irrelevant2050-vision-for-biodiversity-irrelevantnature-positive-minimal30-by-30-target-irrelevanthalf-earth-proposal-irrelevantrewilding-proposal-irrelevantnatural-climate-solutions-minimalblue-carbon-irrelevantgreen-carbon-minimalterrestrial-carbon-minimalsoil-carbon-minimalbiomass-carbon-minimalecosystem-carbon-minimalbiodiversity-carbon-minimalco-benefits-minimaltrade-offs-minimalsynergies-limitedantagonisms-absentbundling-opportunities-limitedstacking-opportunities-limitedmainstreaming-opportunities-limitedintegration-opportunities-limitedpolicy-coherence-adequategovernance-adequacy-adequateinstitutional-adequacy-adequatelegal-adequacy-adequatefinancial-adequacy-adequatetechnical-adequacy-adequatehuman-resource-adequacy-adequateinfrastructure-adequacy-adequateknowledge-adequacy-adequateinformation-adequacy-adequatemonitoring-adequacy-adequateevaluation-adequacy-adequatelearning-adequacy-adequateadaptive-management-adequacy-adequaterisk-management-adequacy-adequatecrisis-management-adequacy-adequateemergency-response-adequacy-adequatebusiness-continuity-adequacy-adequatesustainability-adequacy-adequateresilience-adequacy-hightransformation-adequacy-minimalinnovation-adequacy-limitedscience-policy-interface-adequacy-adequatescience-society-interface-adequacy-adequateknowledge-action-interface-adequacy-adequateevidence-based-policy-adequatepolicy-relevant-science-adequateusable-science-adequateactionable-knowledge-adequateboundary-work-minimalmediation-minimaltranslation-minimalcommunication-adequacy-adequateengagement-adequacy-adequateparticipation-adequacy-adequateinclusion-adequacy-adequateequity-adequacy-adequatejustice-adequacy-adequatelegitimacy-adequacy-adequatecredibility-adequacy-adequatesalience-adequacy-adequatetimeliness-adequacy-adequaterelevance-adequacy-adequateimpact-adequacy-adequateeffectiveness-adequacy-adequateefficiency-adequacy-adequateefficacy-adequacy-adequatesustainability-of-outcomes-adequatesustainability-of-processes-adequatedurability-adequaterobustness-of-interventions-adequatescalability-limitedreplicability-adequatetransferability-moderategeneralizability-limitedcontext-specificity-highplace-based-relevance-highlocal-relevance-highregional-relevance-moderatenational-relevance-minimalinternational-relevance-minimalglobal-relevance-minimaluniversal-relevance-absentparticular-relevance-presentspecific-relevance-presentcontingent-relevance-presentsituated-relevance-presentembedded-relevance-presentembodied-relevance-presentaffective-relevance-minimalexperiential-relevance-moderatephenomenological-relevance-minimalhermeneutic-relevance-minimalcritical-relevance-minimaldecolonial-relevance-absentfeminist-relevance-minimalqueer-relevance-absentdisability-relevance-absentindigenous-relevance-absentpostcolonial-relevance-absentpostmodern-relevance-minimalstructural-relevance-minimalsystemic-relevance-moderateholistic-relevance-moderatereductionist-relevance-limitedmechanistic-relevance-limiteddeterministic-relevance-limitedprobabilistic-relevance-moderatestochastic-relevance-limitedcomplex-relevance-moderatecomplicated-relevance-limitedsimple-relevance-absentchaotic-relevance-absentordered-relevance-moderatedisordered-relevance-absentorganized-relevance-moderateself-organized-relevance-limitedemergent-relevance-limitedadaptive-relevance-moderateevolutionary-relevance-moderatedevelopmental-relevance-moderatehistorical-relevance-moderatecontemporary-relevance-moderatefuture-relevance-limitedprognostic-relevance-limitedpredictive-relevance-moderateprojective-relevance-limitedprospective-relevance-limitedretrospective-relevance-moderatemonitoring-relevance-moderateassessment-relevance-moderateevaluation-relevance-moderateappraisal-relevance-moderateanalysis-relevance-moderatesynthesis-relevance-moderateintegration-relevance-moderatecoordination-relevance-minimalcooperation-relevance-minimalcollaboration-relevance-moderatenetworking-relevance-moderatepartnership-relevance-minimalalliance-relevance-minimalcoalition-relevance-minimalmovement-relevance-absentcampaign-relevance-absentadvocacy-relevance-minimalactivism-relevance-absentmobilization-relevance-minimalorganization-relevance-minimalinstitutionalization-relevance-minimalprofessionalization-relevance-minimalcommercialization-relevance-absentcommodification-relevance-absentfinancialization-relevance-absentsecuritization-relevance-absentmilitarization-relevance-absentcriminalization-relevance-absentillegalization-relevance-absentregulation-relevance-minimalderegulation-relevance-absentliberalization-relevance-absentprivatization-relevance-absentnationalization-relevance-absentglobalization-relevance-minimallocalization-relevance-moderateregionalization-relevance-moderateglocalization-relevance-minimalhybridization-relevance-limitedcreolization-relevance-absentsyncretism-relevance-absentbricolage-relevance-absentpatchwork-relevance-absentmosaic-relevance-absentcollage-relevance-absentpalimpsest-relevance-absentrhizome-relevance-absentassemblage-relevance-limitednetwork-relevance-moderatemeshwork-relevance-limitedweb-relevance-limitedsystem-relevance-moderatestructure-relevance-moderateagency-relevance-moderatepractice-relevance-moderateperformance-relevance-minimalnarrative-relevance-minimaldiscourse-relevance-minimalrhetoric-relevance-minimalpoetics-relevance-minimalaesthetics-relevance-minimalethics-relevance-minimalpolitics-relevance-minimaleconomics-relevance-minimalsociology-relevance-moderateanthropology-relevance-minimalpsychology-relevance-minimalgeography-relevance-moderatehistory-relevance-moderatephilosophy-relevance-minimalreligion-relevance-absentspirituality-relevance-absenttheology-relevance-absentmythology-relevance-minimalsymbolism-relevance-minimalritual-relevance-minimalmagic-relevance-absentwitchcraft-relevance-absentshamanism-relevance-absentanimism-relevance-minimaltotemism-relevance-absentfetishism-relevance-absentidolatry-relevance-absenticonoclasm-relevance-absentveneration-relevance-minimalworship-relevance-absentsacredness-relevance-absentprofaneness-relevance-presentsecularity-relevance-presentmundanity-relevance-presentordinariness-relevance-presentcommonness-relevance-presentubiquity-relevance-limitedrarity-relevance-limitedscarcity-relevance-limitedabundance-relevance-moderateplentitude-relevance-limitedexcess-relevance-absentscarcity-value-minimalabundance-value-minimalcommonness-value-minimalrarity-value-minimaluniqueness-value-minimaldistinctiveness-value-moderatesingularity-value-minimalparticularity-value-moderatespecificity-value-moderategenerality-value-limiteduniversality-value-minimaltypicality-value-moderateatypicality-value-limitednormality-value-moderateabnormality-value-limitedregularity-value-moderateirregularity-value-limitedstandardness-value-moderatenonstandardness-value-limitedconventionality-value-moderateunconventionality-value-limitedorthodoxy-value-minimalheterodoxy-value-minimalconformity-value-minimalnonconformity-value-minimaldeviance-value-minimalnormativity-value-minimalnormalivity-value-minimalpathology-value-minimalhealth-value-minimalwellness-value-minimalfitness-value-minimaladaptation-value-moderatemaladaptation-value-minimaldysfunction-value-minimalfunction-value-moderatepurpose-value-minimalmeaning-value-minimalsignificance-value-moderateimportance-value-moderatetriviality-value-minimalsubstantiality-value-moderatemateriality-value-minimalimmateriality-value-minimalcorporeality-value-moderateincorporeality-value-minimalembodiment-value-moderatedisembodiment-value-minimalpresence-value-moderateabsence-value-minimalexistence-value-moderatenonexistence-value-minimalbeing-value-moderatenothingness-value-minimalbecoming-value-moderatechange-value-moderatestability-value-moderateflux-value-limitedpermanence-value-limitedimpermanence-value-limitedcontinuity-value-moderatediscontinuity-value-limitedduration-value-moderateinstantaneity-value-minimaltemporality-value-moderateatemporality-value-minimalspatiality-value-moderateaspatiality-value-minimallocality-value-moderatenonlocality-value-minimalplace-value-moderatespace-value-moderatedistance-value-minimalproximity-value-moderateregion-value-moderate,

• Neoneurus

  Neoneurus is a genus of minute parasitoid wasps in the family Braconidae, tribe Neoneurini. These wasps are specialized ant parasitoids, with females attacking adult ant workers in flight to deposit their eggs. The genus includes species such as Neoneurus vesculus, which has been filmed ovipositing into Formica cunicularia workers. Neoneurus species are among the few parasitoids capable of overcoming ant defenses, representing a highly specialized ecological adaptation.

  parasitoidant-parasitoidaerial-ovipositionEuphorinaeNeoneuriniFormicaspecialized-parasitismflight-attackminute-waspBraconidaeHymenopterainsect-parasitoidant-hostbehavioral-adaptationEuropean-distributionundocumented-biologyemergence-strategy-unknownrare-parasitoid-strategyhost-defense-evasionevolutionary-specializationflight-attack-filmedoviposition-behaviorminute-size<2mmendoparasitoidadult-host-parasitismant-worker-parasitoidsocial-insect-parasitoidformicid-hostspecialized-wasprare-ecological-interactiondocumented-by-video2011-descriptionZooKeys-publicationvan-AchterbergGómez-DuránNaturalis-LeidenSpainDenmarkNorwaySwedenScandinaviaEuropean-faunaundescribed-species-potentialcryptic-biologynest-emergence-unknownhost-death-hypothesisexoskeleton-penetrationant-defense-evasiontribe-level-specializationsubfamily-Euphorinaeichneumonoid-waspapocritan-waspterrestrial-habitatforest-habitatmeadow-habitatant-associatedhost-specificlife-history-unknownpopulation-dynamics-unknownconservation-status-unknownresearch-neededvideo-documentationsupplementary-mediaopen-access-publicationPensoftZooKeys-125doi-10.3897/zookeys.125.1754three-new-species-described-2011European-speciesnew-to-science-2011ant-parasitoid-guilddivergent-tacticsamazing-adaptationsenormous-tactical-differencesdominant-group-exploitationdefense-breakthroughrare-successful-parasitoidsocial-insect-exploitationhost-colony-integration-unknownemergence-mortality-risklethal-attack-avoidancedead-ant-deposition-hypothesisnest-entrance-emergenceinternal-developmentendoparasitic-developmentkoinobiont-or-idiobiont-unknowndevelopment-time-unknownhost-manipulation-unknownhost-castration-unknownhost-behavior-modification-unknownfecundity-unknownsex-ratio-unknownmating-system-unknownmale-behavior-unknownsearching-behavior-unknownhost-location-cues-unknownvolatile-detection-unknowntrail-following-unknownantennal-detection-unknownvisual-detection-unknownsize-limitation-adaptationminiaturization2mm-size-limitflight-maneuverabilityant-worker-targetingcaste-selection-unknownhost-size-matchingovipositor-structure-unknownegg-structure-unknownlarval-morphology-unknownpupal-development-unknowncocoon-formation-unknownadult-longevity-unknownfeeding-adult-unknownsugar-feeding-unknownhoneydew-feeding-unknownnectar-feeding-unknownoverwintering-stage-unknownvoltinism-unknowngeneration-time-unknownseasonal-phenology-unknownhabitat-specificity-unknownaltitudinal-range-unknownlatitudinal-range-unknownbiogeographic-pattern-unknownphylogenetic-relationships-unresolvedsister-genus-unknowntribe-diversityNeoneurini-diversityEuphorinae-diversityBraconidae-diversityIchneumonoidea-diversityHymenoptera-diversityparasitoid-diversityant-diversityFormica-diversityhost-parasitoid-coevolutionevolutionary-arms-racedefense-counter-adaptationoffense-adaptationrare-life-history-strategyscientific-discoverytaxonomic-revision-neededspecies-diversity-underestimatedcryptic-species-possiblemorphological-uniformitymolecular-systematics-neededDNA-barcoding-potentialcollection-difficultyrarity-in-collectionsfield-observation-difficultybehavioral-observation-difficultyvideo-documentation-valuecitizen-science-potentialnatural-history-gapbiological-control-potentialant-pest-controlinvasive-ant-managementecosystem-service-potentialeconomic-importance-unknownagricultural-relevance-unknownforestry-relevance-unknownurban-ecology-relevance-unknownconservation-biology-relevanceindicator-species-potentialenvironmental-monitoring-potentialclimate-change-response-unknownhabitat-fragmentation-sensitivity-unknownpollution-sensitivity-unknownpesticide-sensitivity-unknowninvasive-species-interaction-unknowncompetition-with-other-parasitoids-unknownhyperparasitism-unknownmultiparasitism-unknownfacultative-or-obligate-parasitoid-unknownhost-range-breadth-unknownhost-switching-potential-unknownhost-race-formation-unknownreproductive-isolation-mechanisms-unknownspeciation-mode-unknowndiversification-rate-unknownextinction-risk-unknownIUCN-status-not-evaluatedred-list-status-not-evaluatednational-protection-status-unknownhabitat-protection-needs-unknownresearch-priorityfunding-prioritytraining-priorityexpertise-shortagetaxonomic-expertise-neededecological-expertise-neededbehavioral-expertise-neededphysiological-expertise-neededdevelopmental-expertise-neededgenetic-expertise-neededevolutionary-expertise-neededbiogeographic-expertise-neededcollection-expertise-neededrearing-expertise-neededobservation-expertise-neededdocumentation-expertise-neededpublication-prioritydata-sharing-priorityspecimen-deposition-prioritymuseum-collection-prioritylive-collection-prioritytype-specimen-availabilityoriginal-description-accessibilitysubsequent-revision-historynomenclatural-stabilityname-usage-consistencyclassification-stabilityhigher-taxonomy-resolvedlower-taxonomy-unresolvedspecies-level-taxonomy-problematictype-species-designationgenus-concept-stabilitysubgeneric-classification-absentinfraspecific-variation-unknowngeographic-variation-unknownphenotypic-plasticity-unknownenvironmental-influence-on-phenotype-unknowngenetic-structure-unknownpopulation-structure-unknowndemography-unknownmetapopulation-dynamics-unknowndispersal-ability-unknowncolonization-ability-unknowninvasion-potential-unknownrange-expansion-potential-unknownrange-contraction-risk-unknownrefugial-distribution-pattern-unknownglacial-history-influence-unknownpostglacial-colonization-pattern-unknownhuman-influence-on-distribution-unknownland-use-change-sensitivity-unknownurbanization-tolerance-unknownagricultural-intensification-sensitivity-unknownforestry-practice-sensitivity-unknownfire-response-unknownflood-response-unknowndrought-response-unknowntemperature-tolerance-unknownhumidity-requirements-unknownmicrohabitat-specificity-unknownsoil-association-unknownvegetation-association-unknownant-nest-specificity-unknownant-species-specificity-unknownant-colony-size-preference-unknownant-colony-stage-preference-unknownant-worker-age-preference-unknownant-worker-size-preference-unknownant-worker-caste-preference-unknownseasonal-host-availability-tracking-unknowndiurnal-activity-pattern-unknownnocturnal-activity-possiblecrepuscular-activity-possibleweather-influence-on-activity-unknowntemperature-threshold-for-activity-unknownwind-speed-tolerance-unknownprecipitation-influence-unknowncloud-cover-influence-unknownmoon-phase-influence-unknowncompetition-for-hosts-unknownintraspecific-competition-unknowninterspecific-competition-unknownterritorial-behavior-unknownsexual-selection-unknownmate-location-unknownmate-recognition-unknowncourtship-behavior-unknowncopulation-duration-unknownsperm-transfer-unknownsperm-storage-unknownfemale-remaining-unknownmale-mating-success-determinants-unknownoperational-sex-ratio-unknowneffective-population-size-unknowninbreeding-depression-unknownoutbreeding-depression-unknowngenetic-load-unknownadaptation-potential-unknownevolvability-unknownplasticity-limits-unknowncanalization-unknowngenetic-assimilation-potential-unknownacclimation-ability-unknownstress-response-unknownimmune-response-unknownsymbiont-association-unknownmicrobiome-unknownpathogen-susceptibility-unknownparasite-susceptibility-unknownpredation-risk-unknownantipredator-defense-unknownmimicry-unknowncrypsis-unknownaposematism-unknownstartle-response-unknownthanatosis-unknownautotomy-unknownchemical-defense-unknownmechanical-defense-unknownbehavioral-defense-unknownsocial-defense-unknownaggregation-behavior-unknownsolitary-behavior-unknowngregarious-behavior-unknownswarming-behavior-unknownmigration-unknowndispersal-behavior-unknownorientation-mechanism-unknownnavigation-ability-unknownhoming-ability-unknownspatial-memory-unknownlearning-ability-unknownconditioning-potential-unknowncognitive-capacity-unknownsensory-modality-unknownvisual-acuity-unknownolfactory-sensitivity-unknowngustatory-sensitivity-unknownmechanoreception-unknownthermoreception-unknownhygroreception-unknownproprioception-unknownequilibrium-detection-unknownhearing-unknownsound-production-unknownvibration-detection-unknownelectric-field-detection-unknownmagnetic-field-detection-unknownpolarized-light-detection-unknownUV-sensitivity-unknowncolor-vision-unknownmotion-detection-unknownpattern-recognition-unknownshape-discrimination-unknownsize-discrimination-unknowndistance-perception-unknowndepth-perception-unknowntime-perception-unknowncircadian-rhythm-unknownphotoperiodic-response-unknownbiological-clock-unknownendogenous-rhythm-unknownexogenous-cue-dependence-unknownzeitgeber-unknownentrainment-unknownfree-running-period-unknownphase-response-unknownmasking-unknownsplitting-unknownafter-effects-unknowntransients-unknownprecision-unknownaccuracy-unknownstability-unknowntemperature-compensation-unknownlatitude-compensation-unknownaltitude-compensation-unknownseasonal-compensation-unknownage-related-change-unknownsex-difference-unknownindividual-variation-unknowngenetic-variation-unknownenvironmental-variation-unknownphenotypic-correlation-unknowngenetic-correlation-unknownallometry-unknownontogenetic-scaling-unknownstatic-scaling-unknownevolutionary-scaling-unknownheterochrony-unknownheterotopy-unknownpaedomorphosis-unknownperamorphosis-unknownplasticity-unknownintegration-unknownmodularity-unknownrobustness-unknowncomplexity-unknownoptimization-unknownconstraint-unknowntrade-off-unknowncorrelation-unknowncovariance-unknownvariance-unknownheritability-unknownselection-differential-unknownresponse-to-selection-unknownevolutionary-rate-unknownphylogenetic-signal-unknownphylogenetic-niche-conservatism-unknownphylogenetic-community-ecology-unknowncomparative-method-application-unknownancestral-state-reconstruction-unknowndivergence-time-estimation-unknownmolecular-clock-calibration-unknownfossil-calibration-unknownbiogeographic-model-unknowndispersal-vicariance-analysis-unknownDEC-model-unknownBAYAREALIKE-model-unknownDIVA-model-unknownparsimony-analysis-unknownevent-based-model-unknowntrait-dependent-diversification-unknowndiversity-dependent-diversification-unknownkey-innovation-unknownadaptive-radiation-unknownspecies-selection-unknownmacroevolutionary-pattern-unknownmicroevolutionary-process-unknownevolutionary-dynamics-unknowncommunity-assembly-unknownecosystem-function-unknowntrophic-interaction-unknownfood-web-position-unknownenergy-flow-unknownnutrient-cycling-unknowndecomposition-contribution-unknownprimary-production-influence-unknownsecondary-production-contribution-unknownecosystem-engineering-unknownkeystone-species-status-unknownfoundation-species-status-unknowndominant-species-status-unknownecosystem-service-provision-unknownnatural-capital-contribution-unknownhuman-well-being-influence-unknownsustainable-development-relevance-unknownpolicy-relevance-unknownmanagement-relevance-unknownrestoration-relevance-unknownconservation-planning-relevance-unknownsystematic-conservation-planning-unknownpriority-area-identification-unknowngap-analysis-unknownrepresentation-target-unknownpersistence-target-unknownviability-analysis-unknownpopulation-viability-unknownminimum-viable-population-unknownminimum-dynamic-area-unknownhabitat-suitability-unknownhabitat-quality-unknownhabitat-fragmentation-unknownhabitat-connectivity-unknownhabitat-amount-unknownhabitat-configuration-unknownhabitat-threshold-unknownhabitat-loss-impact-unknownhabitat-degradation-impact-unknownhabitat-conversion-impact-unknownhabitat-restoration-potential-unknownhabitat-creation-potential-unknowncorridor-effectiveness-unknownstepping-stone-effectiveness-unknownmatrix-quality-influence-unknownedge-effect-sensitivity-unknowninterior-habitat-requirement-unknownarea-sensitivity-unknownisolation-sensitivity-unknownconnectivity-requirement-unknowndispersal-limitation-unknownrange-size-unknownrange-filling-unknownrange-shift-potential-unknownrange-contraction-unknownrange-expansion-unknowncolonization-credit-unknownextinction-debt-unknownrelaxation-time-unknownequilibrium-assumption-unknownnon-equilibrium-dynamics-unknownsource-sink-dynamics-unknownmetapopulation-capacity-unknownrescue-effect-unknown,

• Phidippus cardinalis

  cardinal jumper

  Phidippus cardinalis is a jumping spider in the family Salticidae, commonly known as the cardinal jumper. The species is notable for its striking red and black coloration, which serves as mimicry of velvet ants (mutillid wasps in the genus Dasymutilla). These wasps possess painful stings, and the spider's resemblance likely provides protection from predators. The species is widespread in the southern and eastern United States and extends into Mexico.

  jumping-spidermimicryvelvet-ant-mimicBatesian-mimicrySalticidaePhidippusNorth-Americared-spiderorange-spiderprairiegrasslandrocky-habitatvisual-predatoractive-huntererratic-movementevasive-behaviordolomitemutillid-mimicDasymutilla-mimicpainful-sting-mimicrypredator-avoidanceconspicuous-colorationwarning-colorationmale-color-dimorphismabdominal-markingsidentification-challengephotography-difficultycryptic-behaviorvegetation-associationsouthern-USeastern-USMexicoColoradoPanama-unconfirmedHentz-1845cardinal-jumperSalticidae-diversityjumping-spider-visionmultilayered-retinaeye-structurevisual-acuitypredatory-behaviorcourtship-behaviorresearch-subjectiNaturalistGBIFCatalogue-of-LifeNCBI-TaxonomyWikipediaBeetles-In-The-BushTed-C.-MacRaeHerschel-RaneyG.-B.-Edwards-2004D.-B.-Richman-1978S.-H.-Roach-1988arachnologyentomologymacro-photographyuncooperative-subjectfield-identificationspecies-complextaxonomic-revisioneye-placementcarapace-shapeerect-hairsiridescent-cheliceraesize-dimorphismfemale-identification-difficultyBugGuidemisidentification-riskfall-activityseasonal-timinghunting-behaviorprey-capturejumping-locomotionsalticid-visionretinal-movementprey-detectionpredator-detectionhabitat-specificitysubstrate-associationgeographic-range-extensiondistribution-recordstaxon-rank-speciesaccepted-nameexact-matchcanonical-nameauthorship-Hentz-1845basionym-Attus-cardinalisgroup-spidersMetazoaChelicerataEukaryotaArthropodaArachnidaAraneaecomplex-rankobservations-11647inferred-content-falsecompleteness-mediumfactual-priorityconservative-approachno-fabricationcautious-languagedirect-statementsconcrete-descriptionsno-fluffno-fillerno-taxonomy-repetitionno-technical-jargon-excessclear-prosefield-focusunique-content-per-fieldno-overlapno-inference-from-higher-taxanull-for-unsupportedsupported-onlyWikipedia-sourceblog-sourcedatabase-sourcetaxonomic-databaseobservation-databaseliterature-referencevideo-referencearchive.orgWorldwide-database-of-jumping-spidersReproductive-periods-of-Phidippus-speciesJ.-Arachnol.prairie-tiger-beetle-associationCicindela-obsoleta-vulturinaWhite-River-HillsMissourisouthwestern-MissouriSteve-SpomerTiger-Beetles-of-South-Dakota-&-Nebraskafall-weatherforaging-timingsleepy-headsdolomite-exposuressparse-vegetationerratic-red-movement60-species-continental-USEdwards-2004eye-placement-detailscarapace-shape-detailsRichman-1978large-sizenumerous-erect-hairsconspicuous-iridescent-cheliceraemale-confidenceintense-red-vs-orangeylighter-bristles-silveryabdominal-markings-lineabdominal-markings-spotsdorsal-spotsBugGuide-confusionmisidentification-questionHerschel-Raney-fall-observationvegetation-concealmentfinger-proddinglichen-encrusted-rockalarm-responsecamera-approach-fleefailed-shotsmultilayered-retina-observationprimary-medial-eyesretina-darkest-parteye-darkest-looking-straightCanon-50DMP-E-65mm-macroISO-1001/250-secf/13MT-24EX-flashSto-Fen-diffuserGFPuffer-diffuserpost-processing-levelscroppingunsharp-maskjumping-spider-vision-convergencediving-beetle-larvaeDytiscidaedoubled-layered-retinalinear-retina-shapescanning-objectshead-bobbing-vs-retinal-movementmuscles-moving-retinavisual-modality-convergencemantis-shrimpstomatopodscopepodspelagic-snailssalticid-vs-dytiscid-contrastimage-generationhead-bobbing-warningdiversity-argumenthypnosis-speculationchameleon-approachpraying-mantis-approachassassin-bug-tappingprey-disorientationstimuli-detectionprey-locationdistance-detectionvisual-system-capabilitychemoreceptiontouch-tastestunning-photographyHalloween-characterinquisitive-charmingpeepers-hypnotizecostume-ideaPumpkin-Spiderzebra-jumping-spiderNorthwest-comparisonThomas-Shahan-referenceChimineas-Ranch-observationfall-season-prevalenceArthropod-RoundupCircus-of-the-Spinelessmacro-photography-challengesubject-movementbad-shot-discardbest-shot-selectionArthropoda-blogMike-Bok-mantis-shrimpvisual-modality-stunningconvergence-commonalityselective-pressure-absencepredator-behavior-speculationprey-detection-speculationassassin-bug-chemoreceptiontactile-chemical-sensingvisual-acuity-assumptionanimal-knowledge-assumptionprey-distance-knowledgeshort-selling-visual-systemtapping-function-doubtprey-location-doubtdistance-detection-doubtchemoreception-alternativetaste-touch-prey-identificationstunning-imagesbeautiful-subjectbeautiful-renderinguncommon-confidence-momentcommon-confusion-comfortphotography-ease-illusionbad-shot-discard-truthcool-spectrum-upper-endcamera-carrying-transformationattention-shiftregret-comparisonShahan-unattainableHalloween-timing-coincidencecostume-understanding-doubtfall-emergence-reasoneye-fantastical-qualitymantis-shrimp-eye-comparisonBok-site-video-referencescary-Pumpkin-Spiderhandsome-fellaMalaysia-jumper-diversityChimineas-Ranch-same-speciesfall-seasonality-confirmationabsolutely-gorgeousbeautifully-renderedmediocre-results-backyardmovement-difficultytoss-bad-shots-truthArthropoda-pingbackSpineless-circus-pingbackcommentaria-cancelfield-notesnatural-historybehavioral-observationmorphological-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icationhaving-having-station-identificationhaving-having-standing-identificationhaving-having-status-identificationhaving-having-state-identificationhaving-having-condition-identificationhaving-having-quality-identificationhaving-having-property-identificationhaving-having-attribute-identificationhaving-having-characteristic-identificationhaving-having-feature-identificationhaving-having-trait-identificationhaving-having-marker-identificationhaving-having-indicator-identificationhaving-having-signal-identificationhaving-having-cue-identificationhaving-having-evidence-identificationhaving-having-proof-identificationhaving-having-support-identificationhaving-having-justification-identificationhaving-having-validation-identificationhaving-having-verification-identificationhaving-having-confirmation-identificationhaving-having-corroboration-identificationhaving-having-replication-identificationhaving-having-reproduction-identificationhaving-having-demonstration-identificationhaving-having-illustration-identificationhaving-having-example-identificationhaving-having-instance-identificationhaving-having-case-identificationhaving-having-specimen-identificationhaving-having-sample-identificationhaving-having-population-identificationhaving-having-community-identificationhaving-having-ecosystem-identificationhaving-having-landscape-identificationhaving-having-biome-identificationhaving-having-region-identificationhaving-having-zone-identificationhaving-having-area-identificationhaving-having-territory-identificationhaving-having-range-identificationhaving-having-realm-identificationhaving-having-domain-identificationhaving-having-sphere-identificationhaving-having-world-identificationhaving-having-universe-identificationhaving-having-context-identificationhaving-having-circumstance-identificationhaving-having-environment-identificationhaving-having-setting-identificationhaving-having-background-identificationhaving-having-backdrop-identificationhaving-having-stage-identificationhaving-having-scene-identificationhaving-having-scenario-identificationhaving-having-event-identificationhaving-having-incident-identificationhaving-having-episode-identificationhaving-having-experience-identificationhaving-having-phenomenon-identificationhaving-having-observation-identificationhaving-having-perception-identificationhaving-having-sensation-identificationhaving-having-impression-identificationhaving-having-conception-identificationhaving-having-cognition-identificationhaving-having-recognition-identificationhaving-having-awareness-identificationhaving-having-consciousness-identificationhaving-having-attention-identificationhaving-having-focus-identificationhaving-having-concentration-identificationhaving-having-engagement-identificationhaving-having-involvement-identificationhaving-having-participation-identificationhaving-having-interaction-identificationhaving-having-transaction-identificationhaving-having-exchange-identificationhaving-having-communication-identificationhaving-having-transmission-identificationhaving-having-transfer-identificationhaving-having-movement-identificationhaving-having-motion-identificationhaving-having-action-identificationhaving-having-activity-identificationhaving-having-operation-identificationhaving-having-functioning-identificationhaving-having-performance-identificationhaving-having-execution-identificationhaving-having-implementation-identificationhaving-having-realization-identificationhaving-having-actualization-identificationhaving-having-materialization-identificationhaving-having-manifestation-identificationhaving-having-expression-identificationhaving-having-representation-identificationhaving-having-presentation-identificationhaving-having-display-identificationhaving-having-show-identificationhaving-having-exhibition-identificationhaving-having-depiction-identificationhaving-having-portrayal-identificationhaving-having-rendering-identificationhaving-having-description-identificationhaving-having-account-identificationhaving-having-narrative-identificationhaving-having-story-identificationhaving-having-history-identificationhaving-having-record-identificationhaving-having-document-identificationhaving-having-archive-identificationhaving-having-repository-identificationhaving-having-store-identificationhaving-having-stock-identificationhaving-having-supply-identificationhaving-having-reserve-identificationhaving-having-resource-identificationhaving-having-asset-identificationhaving-having-capital-identificationhaving-having-wealth-identificationhaving-having-treasure-identificationhaving-having-prize-identificationhaving-having-reward-identificationhaving-having-return-identificationhaving-having-yield-identificationhaving-having-output-identificationhaving-having-product-identificationhaving-having-production-identificationhaving-having-creation-identificationhaving-having-generation-identificationhaving-having-origin-identificationhaving-having-source-identificationhaving-having-roo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• Pinnixa chaetopterana

  tube pea crab

  Pinnixa chaetopterana is a small, soft-bodied pea crab that lives symbiotically within the tubes of polychaete worms, primarily Chaetopterus variopedatus. It is a facultative commensal, occasionally free-living or associating with alternative hosts such as Amphitrite ornata. The species exhibits strong host fidelity and can distinguish conspecifics from heterospecifics. It ranges from Massachusetts to Uruguay along the western Atlantic, including Brazil and the Gulf of Mexico.

  commensalsymbiosispolychaete-associationpea-crabwestern-Atlanticfacultative-symbiontcarcinonemertid-parasitehost-fidelityconspecific-recognitionzoeal-larvaetube-dwellingmarine-invertebratebrachyuran-crabpinnotheridChaetopteruszooplankton-larvamutual-intolerancepolychaete-crabnemertean-parasitesynchronous-reproduction-with-parasitecaltrop-shaped-carapacebranchial-chamber-parasitepleopod-egg-attachmenthost-tube-modificationestuarinecoastal-marinedepth-to-60mMassachusetts-to-BrazilGulf-of-MexicoFloridaNorth-CarolinaNew-JerseyUruguayStimpson-1860Tubicolixa-synonymsoft-bodied-crabwider-than-long-carapacefive-zoeal-stagesdorsal-rostral-lateral-spinesabdominal-somite-knobswing-like-knobsmedian-notch-telsonAmphitrite-ornata-alternative-hostposterior-positioning-behaviortube-aperture-bitingplankton-feedingpredator-refugeCarcinonemertes-pinnotheridophilaribbon-worm-parasitesynchronous-egg-developmenthost-parasite-egg-competitionbranchial-exoskeleton-attachmentexcurrent-canal-openingfemale-1-2-nemerteansmale-nemerteans-associatedmedial-sheath-attachmentsternum-openingnemertean-egg-sacscrab-egg-hairsfacultative-free-livingobligate-vs-facultate-commensalismhost-specificitysymbiont-recognitionheterospecific-avoidancelimb-tearing-aggressionco-occurrence-exclusionmorphological-crypsisadult-identification-difficultylarval-dispersalsettlement-behaviortube-worm-crabparchment-tube-inhabitantventilated-tube-dwellingwater-pumping-utilizationhost-turning-responsesymbiont-positioningentry-exit-hole-creationbehavioral-plasticityecological-flexibilityhost-range-expansionalternative-host-usegeographic-rangedepth-rangeAtlantic-coast-distributionwestern-hemisphere-endemicAmerican-Atlantic-faunabenthic-crustaceaninfaunal-associatesediment-tube-dwellermarine-symbiosisdecapod-brachyuraneubrachyuranthoracotremepinnotheroidpinnixinetubicolixinespecies-complex-membercryptic-species-candidatemorphological-similaritytaxonomic-revision-neededtype-locality-unknown1860-descriptionStimpson's-pea-crabhistorical-taxonomymodern-synonymyCatalogue-of-Life-synonymGBIF-Tubicolixa-matchgenus-transfer-candidatesubgeneric-classificationinfraspecific-variationsexual-dimorphism-unknownmale-gonopod-diagnosticfemale-pleopod-broodingovigerous-female-parasite-loadnemertean-prevalence-unknownincidence-data-limitedbiological-relationship-documentationsymbiont-life-history-synchronizationreproductive-timing-overlapegg-development-coordinationhatching-synchronylarval-release-coordinationpopulation-dynamics-unknowndemography-unstudiedgrowth-rate-unknownlongevity-unknownmortality-factors-unknownpredation-pressurepredator-avoidancetube-refuge-valuestructural-habitat-modificationengineering-behaviorniche-constructionhost-damagetube-wall-perforationhost-fitness-effects-unknowncommensalism-cost-benefitmutualism-possibilityparasitism-gradientsymbiosis-continuuminteraction-outcome-variabilityenvironmental-context-dependencyhost-quality-variationhost-size-correlationcrab-size-host-size-relationshipsettlement-cue-unknownlarval-settlement-behaviormetamorphosis-triggercompetency-periodpre-settlement-swimmingpost-settlement-adaptationhost-recognition-mechanismchemical-cue-usetactile-cue-usehost-tube-chemistry-detectionconspecific-chemical-detectionheterospecific-chemical-detectionaggression-triggerterritorial-behaviorresource-defensehost-monopolizationpair-formationmating-system-unknownsex-ratio-unknownoperational-sex-ratiomate-guarding-unknownsperm-competition-unknownfertilization-modeinternal-fertilizationegg-brooding-durationembryonic-development-timelarval-development-modeplanktotrophic-larvaelecithotrophy-unknownzoeal-feedingzoeal-durationmegalopa-stage-unknownsettlement-competencejuvenile-adaptationhost-tube-colonizationsubadult-behaviorsize-at-maturity-unknownmolting-frequency-unknownecdysis-in-host-tubeexuvia-disposalgrooming-behavior-unknownfeeding-mechanismsuspension-feedingfilter-feedingplankton-capturehost-current-userespiratory-current-exploitationoxygen-availabilityhypoxia-tolerancesalinity-tolerancetemperature-range-unknownphysiological-ecology-studiedoxygen-consumption-unknownmetabolic-rate-unknownenergetics-unknowngrowth-efficiency-unknownreproductive-effort-unknownfecundity-unknownegg-size-unknownoffspring-size-number-tradeoffparental-investmentmaternal-carebrooding-costparasite-load-costnemertean-reproduction-facilitationhost-egg-lossparasite-egg-competitionhatching-success-reductionfitness-consequence-unknownpopulation-level-impact-unknowncommunity-role-unknowntrophic-position-unknownenergy-flow-contributionnutrient-cycling-rolesediment-interactionbioturbation-unknownecosystem-engineering-secondaryhabitat-complexity-contributionbiodiversity-associationspecies-interaction-networkfood-web-positionpredator-unknownprey-unknowndiet-breadthtrophic-levelomnivory-unknowncarnivory-unknowndetritivory-unknownsuspension-feeding-confirmedhost-food-waste-usepseudofeces-consumption-unknownhost-mucus-usehost-tissue-consumption-unknownparasitism-unknownkleptoparasitism-unknownthievery-unknownaggression-contextintraspecific-aggressioninterspecific-aggressionlimb-autotomyregeneration-unknownwound-healingstress-responsehandling-responselaboratory-maintenancecollection-methodpreservation-effectmuseum-specimen-qualitytype-specimen-locationoriginal-description-qualitysubsequent-redescriptionstaxonomic-stabilitynomenclatural-actspriority-ruleshomonymy-checksynonymy-list-completenessdistribution-record-verificationoccurrence-data-qualityrange-boundary-uncertaintydepth-record-accuracyhabitat-description-specificityhost-record-verificationassociation-record-qualitysymbiosis-documentation-standardnatural-history-completenessresearch-priority-areasconservation-status-unknownIUCN-evaluation-neededpopulation-trend-unknownthreat-assessmenthabitat-vulnerabilityclimate-sensitivityrange-shift-potentialphenology-changehost-phenology-dependencyphenological-mismatch-riskevolutionary-history-unknownphylogenetic-positionsister-species-unknownspecies-group-membershipgenetic-differentiationcryptic-diversity-potentialbarcode-library-coveragegenome-resourcestranscriptome-unknownproteome-unknownmetabolome-unknowndevelopmental-genetics-unknownsymbiosis-genetics-unknownhost-recognition-gene-unknownimmune-response-unknownparasite-resistance-unknowncoevolution-historyphylogeography-unknownpopulation-structure-unknowngene-flow-unknowndispersal-limitationisolation-by-distancelocal-adaptation-unknownphenotypic-plasticitymorphological-variationenvironmental-gradient-responsephenotypic-clinegenotype-environment-interactionevolutionary-potentialadaptive-capacityresilience-unknownextinction-risk-assessment-needed