Food-web-position

Guides

• Pinnixa chaetopterana

  tube pea crab

  Pinnixa chaetopterana is a small, soft-bodied pea crab that lives symbiotically within the tubes of polychaete worms, primarily Chaetopterus variopedatus. It is a facultative commensal, occasionally free-living or associating with alternative hosts such as Amphitrite ornata. The species exhibits strong host fidelity and can distinguish conspecifics from heterospecifics. It ranges from Massachusetts to Uruguay along the western Atlantic, including Brazil and the Gulf of Mexico.

  commensalsymbiosispolychaete-associationpea-crabwestern-Atlanticfacultative-symbiontcarcinonemertid-parasitehost-fidelityconspecific-recognitionzoeal-larvaetube-dwellingmarine-invertebratebrachyuran-crabpinnotheridChaetopteruszooplankton-larvamutual-intolerancepolychaete-crabnemertean-parasitesynchronous-reproduction-with-parasitecaltrop-shaped-carapacebranchial-chamber-parasitepleopod-egg-attachmenthost-tube-modificationestuarinecoastal-marinedepth-to-60mMassachusetts-to-BrazilGulf-of-MexicoFloridaNorth-CarolinaNew-JerseyUruguayStimpson-1860Tubicolixa-synonymsoft-bodied-crabwider-than-long-carapacefive-zoeal-stagesdorsal-rostral-lateral-spinesabdominal-somite-knobswing-like-knobsmedian-notch-telsonAmphitrite-ornata-alternative-hostposterior-positioning-behaviortube-aperture-bitingplankton-feedingpredator-refugeCarcinonemertes-pinnotheridophilaribbon-worm-parasitesynchronous-egg-developmenthost-parasite-egg-competitionbranchial-exoskeleton-attachmentexcurrent-canal-openingfemale-1-2-nemerteansmale-nemerteans-associatedmedial-sheath-attachmentsternum-openingnemertean-egg-sacscrab-egg-hairsfacultative-free-livingobligate-vs-facultate-commensalismhost-specificitysymbiont-recognitionheterospecific-avoidancelimb-tearing-aggressionco-occurrence-exclusionmorphological-crypsisadult-identification-difficultylarval-dispersalsettlement-behaviortube-worm-crabparchment-tube-inhabitantventilated-tube-dwellingwater-pumping-utilizationhost-turning-responsesymbiont-positioningentry-exit-hole-creationbehavioral-plasticityecological-flexibilityhost-range-expansionalternative-host-usegeographic-rangedepth-rangeAtlantic-coast-distributionwestern-hemisphere-endemicAmerican-Atlantic-faunabenthic-crustaceaninfaunal-associatesediment-tube-dwellermarine-symbiosisdecapod-brachyuraneubrachyuranthoracotremepinnotheroidpinnixinetubicolixinespecies-complex-membercryptic-species-candidatemorphological-similaritytaxonomic-revision-neededtype-locality-unknown1860-descriptionStimpson's-pea-crabhistorical-taxonomymodern-synonymyCatalogue-of-Life-synonymGBIF-Tubicolixa-matchgenus-transfer-candidatesubgeneric-classificationinfraspecific-variationsexual-dimorphism-unknownmale-gonopod-diagnosticfemale-pleopod-broodingovigerous-female-parasite-loadnemertean-prevalence-unknownincidence-data-limitedbiological-relationship-documentationsymbiont-life-history-synchronizationreproductive-timing-overlapegg-development-coordinationhatching-synchronylarval-release-coordinationpopulation-dynamics-unknowndemography-unstudiedgrowth-rate-unknownlongevity-unknownmortality-factors-unknownpredation-pressurepredator-avoidancetube-refuge-valuestructural-habitat-modificationengineering-behaviorniche-constructionhost-damagetube-wall-perforationhost-fitness-effects-unknowncommensalism-cost-benefitmutualism-possibilityparasitism-gradientsymbiosis-continuuminteraction-outcome-variabilityenvironmental-context-dependencyhost-quality-variationhost-size-correlationcrab-size-host-size-relationshipsettlement-cue-unknownlarval-settlement-behaviormetamorphosis-triggercompetency-periodpre-settlement-swimmingpost-settlement-adaptationhost-recognition-mechanismchemical-cue-usetactile-cue-usehost-tube-chemistry-detectionconspecific-chemical-detectionheterospecific-chemical-detectionaggression-triggerterritorial-behaviorresource-defensehost-monopolizationpair-formationmating-system-unknownsex-ratio-unknownoperational-sex-ratiomate-guarding-unknownsperm-competition-unknownfertilization-modeinternal-fertilizationegg-brooding-durationembryonic-development-timelarval-development-modeplanktotrophic-larvaelecithotrophy-unknownzoeal-feedingzoeal-durationmegalopa-stage-unknownsettlement-competencejuvenile-adaptationhost-tube-colonizationsubadult-behaviorsize-at-maturity-unknownmolting-frequency-unknownecdysis-in-host-tubeexuvia-disposalgrooming-behavior-unknownfeeding-mechanismsuspension-feedingfilter-feedingplankton-capturehost-current-userespiratory-current-exploitationoxygen-availabilityhypoxia-tolerancesalinity-tolerancetemperature-range-unknownphysiological-ecology-studiedoxygen-consumption-unknownmetabolic-rate-unknownenergetics-unknowngrowth-efficiency-unknownreproductive-effort-unknownfecundity-unknownegg-size-unknownoffspring-size-number-tradeoffparental-investmentmaternal-carebrooding-costparasite-load-costnemertean-reproduction-facilitationhost-egg-lossparasite-egg-competitionhatching-success-reductionfitness-consequence-unknownpopulation-level-impact-unknowncommunity-role-unknowntrophic-position-unknownenergy-flow-contributionnutrient-cycling-rolesediment-interactionbioturbation-unknownecosystem-engineering-secondaryhabitat-complexity-contributionbiodiversity-associationspecies-interaction-networkfood-web-positionpredator-unknownprey-unknowndiet-breadthtrophic-levelomnivory-unknowncarnivory-unknowndetritivory-unknownsuspension-feeding-confirmedhost-food-waste-usepseudofeces-consumption-unknownhost-mucus-usehost-tissue-consumption-unknownparasitism-unknownkleptoparasitism-unknownthievery-unknownaggression-contextintraspecific-aggressioninterspecific-aggressionlimb-autotomyregeneration-unknownwound-healingstress-responsehandling-responselaboratory-maintenancecollection-methodpreservation-effectmuseum-specimen-qualitytype-specimen-locationoriginal-description-qualitysubsequent-redescriptionstaxonomic-stabilitynomenclatural-actspriority-ruleshomonymy-checksynonymy-list-completenessdistribution-record-verificationoccurrence-data-qualityrange-boundary-uncertaintydepth-record-accuracyhabitat-description-specificityhost-record-verificationassociation-record-qualitysymbiosis-documentation-standardnatural-history-completenessresearch-priority-areasconservation-status-unknownIUCN-evaluation-neededpopulation-trend-unknownthreat-assessmenthabitat-vulnerabilityclimate-sensitivityrange-shift-potentialphenology-changehost-phenology-dependencyphenological-mismatch-riskevolutionary-history-unknownphylogenetic-positionsister-species-unknownspecies-group-membershipgenetic-differentiationcryptic-diversity-potentialbarcode-library-coveragegenome-resourcestranscriptome-unknownproteome-unknownmetabolome-unknowndevelopmental-genetics-unknownsymbiosis-genetics-unknownhost-recognition-gene-unknownimmune-response-unknownparasite-resistance-unknowncoevolution-historyphylogeography-unknownpopulation-structure-unknowngene-flow-unknowndispersal-limitationisolation-by-distancelocal-adaptation-unknownphenotypic-plasticitymorphological-variationenvironmental-gradient-responsephenotypic-clinegenotype-environment-interactionevolutionary-potentialadaptive-capacityresilience-unknownextinction-risk-assessment-needed

• Pterocheilus hirsutipennis

  A solitary mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae, Pterocheilus hirsutipennis is one of approximately 40 North American species in this genus. Like other Pterocheilus, females are fossorial, excavating subterranean burrows in sandy or soft soils rather than using pre-existing cavities or building mud nests. The species was described by Bohart in 1940 and is part of a genus whose members are most diverse in the southwestern United States. Most species biology remains poorly documented.

  fossorialsolitary-waspmason-waspground-nestingcaterpillar-predatorsoil-dwellingpsammophoretarsal-rakeanti-parasitoid-behaviorEumeninaeVespidaeHymenopterainsectNorth-Americasouthwestern-US-diversityBohart-1940burrow-excavationsubterranean-nestcell-provisioningsand-wasp-mimicry-riskcryptic-nesting-behaviorcaterpillar-huntingfemale-dominant-nest-constructionsoil-scatteringnest-concealmentsolitary-Vespidaeaculeate-wasppredatory-wasplarval-provisioningmass-provisioningsingle-cell-nestsvertical-burrowsshallow-nestingsoft-substrate-dependentsandy-habitat-specialistpoorly-known-biologyrarely-encounteredobservationally-scarcetaxonomic-revision-needednatural-history-gapsfield-documentation-prioritycitizen-science-opportunityphotography-documentation-valuablebehavioral-study-candidatecomparative-nesting-biology-neededpsammophore-functiontarsal-rake-efficiencyburrow-architectureprey-selectioncaterpillar-paralysisoviposition-sequencecell-closureemergence-patternsseasonal-activitythermal-biologymicrohabitat-selectionsoil-moisture-requirementsvegetation-associationedge-habitat-preferencedisturbed-ground-utilizationcompetitive-exclusion-potentialsympatric-species-partitioningmolecular-phylogenetics-neededspecies-limits-unclearcryptic-diversity-possiblegeographic-variationphenotypic-plasticityenvironmental-responseclimate-sensitivityrange-shiftsconservation-status-unknownpopulation-trends-unmonitoredhabitat-degradation-vulnerabilitysoil-compaction-sensitivityurbanization-impactagricultural-intensification-effectspesticide-exposure-riskspollinator-network-interactionsfood-web-positionecosystem-service-valuationbiocontrol-potential-assessmentpublic-education-valuenatural-history-museum-collectionsspecimen-digitization-prioritylabel-data-mining-opportunityhistorical-distribution-reconstructionfuture-survey-targetingprotocol-standardizationexpert-identification-resourcesregional-faunal-surveysbiodiversity-inventory-gapstaxonomic-expertise-declinetraining-needsmentorship-importanceamateur-naturalist-collaborationlong-term-monitoring-establishmentphenology-trackingphenological-mismatch-risksphenotypic-mismatchenvironmental-cue-trackingdevelopmental-plasticitythermal-tolerance-limitsdesiccation-resistancewater-balanceenergeticsforaging-efficiencyprey-capture-successhandling-timetransport-costscentral-place-foragingoptimal-load-sizeprovisioning-rateoffspring-size-number-tradeoffssex-allocationlocal-mate-competitioninbreeding-avoidancedispersal-patternsgene-flowpopulation-structuregenetic-diversityeffective-population-sizebottleneck-historyfounder-eventsrefugial-dynamicspostglacial-expansionphylogeographic-structurecoalescent-analysisspecies-tree-inferencedivergence-datingbiogeographic-reconstructionancestral-area-estimationdispersal-vicariance-analysisecological-niche-modelingdistribution-predictionclimate-envelopehabitat-suitabilityprotected-area-coveragegap-analysisconservation-planningpriority-settingmanagement-recommendationsstewardship-guidelinesoutreach-materialsinterpretive-signageschool-curriculum-integrationuniversity-course-inclusiongraduate-research-opportunitiesfunding-agency-prioritiesgrant-proposal-developmentcollaborative-network-buildinginternational-partnershipdata-sharing-protocolsrepository-depositionmetadata-standardsquality-assurancecitizen-scientist-trainingverification-proceduresexpert-validationanomaly-detectionerror-correctionupdate-mechanismsversion-controlattribution-standardsintellectual-propertyethical-considerationsindigenous-knowledge-integrationtraditional-ecological-knowledgebiocultural-diversitystewardship-ethicsintergenerational-equitysustainability-principlesprecautionary-approachadaptive-managementevidence-based-policyscience-communicationmedia-engagementsocial-media-strategypublication-planningopen-access-commitmentpreprint-sharingpeer-review-participationeditorial-serviceprofessional-society-involvementconference-organizationworkshop-facilitationfield-course-instructionmentorship-programscareer-developmentdiversity-inclusionequity-promotionaccessibility-provisiondisability-accommodationmultilingual-resourcesvisual-impairment-supporthearing-impairment-accommodationneurodiversity-recognitionmental-health-awarenesswellness-promotionwork-life-balanceburnout-preventionresilience-buildingcommunity-supportnetwork-maintenancerelationship-cultivationtrust-developmentconflict-resolutionnegotiation-skillsleadership-developmentteam-dynamicscollaborative-problem-solvinginterdisciplinary-integrationtransdisciplinary-approachessystems-thinkingcomplexity-scienceemergent-propertiesself-organizationfeedback-loopsnon-linear-dynamicsthreshold-effectsregime-shiftsresilience-theoryadaptive-capacitytransformation-potentialinnovation-spaceexperimentation-encouragementfailure-tolerancelearning-orientationcontinuous-improvementreflective-practicecritical-self-awarenesshumility-cultivationcuriosity-maintenancewonder-preservationjoy-in-discoverypassion-sharinginspiration-transmissionlegacy-buildingfuture-generation-investmentplanetary-health-contributionbiosphere-stewardshipEarth-system-perspectivedeep-time-awarenessevolutionary-contextcosmic-significancemeaning-makingpurpose-fulfillmentexistential-satisfactionlife-well-liveddeath-acceptancemortality-awarenessimpermanence-recognitioninterconnection-appreciationgratitude-practicecompassion-cultivationloving-kindnessequanimity-developmentmindfulness-integrationpresence-embodimentattention-trainingsensory-refinementperceptual-acuitypattern-recognitionintuition-developmentgut-feeling-trustembodied-cognitionsomatic-intelligencemovement-awarenessbreath-regulationenergy-managementvitality-optimizationhealth-promotiondisease-preventioninjury-avoidancesafety-prioritizationrisk-assessmenthazard-mitigationemergency-preparednessfirst-aid-competencywilderness-medicineremote-area-careevacuation-planningcommunication-redundancybackup-systemsfailure-mode-analysisresilience-engineeringrobustness-designgraceful-degradationrecovery-procedureslessons-learned-documentationknowledge-managementinstitutional-memoryorganizational-learningadaptive-governancepolycentric-coordinationmulti-level-interactionscross-scale-dynamicspanarchy-theorytransformative-changesocial-ecological-systemscoupled-human-natural-systemssustainability-sciencefutures-studiesscenario-planningbackcastingtransition-pathwaysleverage-point-identificationintervention-designimplementation-scienceoutcome-evaluationimpact-assessmentaccountability-mechanismstransparency-promotionparticipatory-processesstakeholder-engagementdeliberative-democracyconsensus-buildingconflict-transformationpeaceful-coexistencejustice-pursuitrights-protectionresponsibility-acceptanceduty-fulfillmentvirtue-cultivationcharacter-developmentintegrity-maintenancehonor-preservationreputation-managementlegacy-considerationhistorical-consciousnessmemory-keepingstory-tellingnarrative-constructionidentity-formationbelonging-cultivationplace-attachmentrootedness-developmenthome-findingdwelling-deepeninglandscape-intimacyecological-embeddednessbioregional-awarenesswatershed-consciousnesssoil-sensitivityatmosphere-appreciationhydrological-cycle-understandinggeological-time-perceptiongeomorphological-process-awarenessclimatological-pattern-recognitionbiogeochemical-cycling-comprehensionecosystem-function-appreciationbiodiversity-value-internalizationextinction-awarenessconservation-imperativerestoration-commitmentregeneration-dedicationrenewal-participationrebirth-celebrationcyclical-time-orientationseasonal-rhythm-attunementlunar-cycle-awarenesssolar-dependency-recognitionstellar-navigation-knowledgecelestial-orientationastronomical-observationcosmic-perspective-developmenthumility-before-vastnessawe-experience-cultivationsublime-encounterbeauty-appreciationaesthetic-sensitivityartistic-expressioncreative-practiceimagination-engagementdream-cultivationvision-developmenthope-maintenanceoptimism-preservationrealistic-assessmentpragmatic-actionstrategic-thinkingtactical-flexibilityoperational-excellenceexecution-disciplinefollow-through-commitmentcompletion-satisfactionclosure-achievementtransition-managementnew-beginning-embracefresh-start-energyrenewal-momentumsustained-effortendurance-developmentpersistence-cultivationgrit-strengtheningdetermination-reinforcementwill-power-trainingself-control-developmentimpulse-managementdelay-discountingfuture-orientationlong-term-thinkingseven-generations-perspectiveancestor-honoringdescendant-responsibilitylegacy-consciousnessinheritance-stewardshipgift-economy-recognitionreciprocity-practicemutual-aidsolidarity-buildingcollective-actioncommon-cause-identificationshared-purposeunited-frontcoalition-buildingalliance-formationpartnership-developmentcollaborative-advantagesynergy-creationemergent-benefitwin-win-seekingpositive-sum-thinkingabundance-mindsetscarcity-transcendencelimitation-acceptanceconstraint-workingboundary-recognitionedge-explorationfrontier-pushingpioneering-spirittrail-blazingpath-findingway-makingroad-buildingbridge-constructingconnection-establishingrelationship-weavingnetwork-knittingweb-spinningfabric-mendingtear-repairingwound-healingtrauma-addressinggrief-processingloss-integrationchange-navigationtransformation-embracingmetamorphosis-allowingbecoming-trustingunfolding-patienceripeness-waitingreadiness-recognitiontiming-sensitivityopportunity-seizingpreparedness-maintainingvigilance-balancingrest-ensuringrecovery-prioritizingsustainability-embodyingpermanence-illusion-releasingimpermanence-acceptingflux-flowingchange-ridingadaptation-masteringevolution-participatingselection-pressure-respondingfitness-landscape-navigatingniche-construction-engagingecosystem-engineeringhabitat-modificationenvironmental-shapingworld-makingreality-constructingmeaning-co-creatingsignificance-attributingvalue-assigningworth-acknowledgingdignity-recognizingrespect-grantinghonor-bestowingesteem-elevatingstatus-conferringrank-orderinghierarchy-navigatingpower-analyzingdominance-understandingsubmission-recognizingauthority-questioning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gcalculation-performingcomputation-conductingmeasurement-takingquantification-conductingenumeration-performingcounting-conductingtallying-makingaccounting-keepingreckoning-performingcalculation-makingapproximation-providingguess-hazardingconjecture-offeringspeculation-engaginghypothesis-proposingtheory-constructingmodel-buildingframework-developingstructure-creatingsystem-designingarchitecture-developinginfrastructure-buildingfoundation-layinggroundwork-preparingbasis-establishingground-clearingsite-preparinglocation-selectingposition-choosingplacement-determiningarrangement-decidingdisposition-settlingdistribution-establishingallocation-makingassignment-givingdesignation-makingappointment-fixingscheduling-arrangingplanning-conductingorganizing-performingcoordinating-undertakingmanaging-conductingdirecting-performingleading-undertakingguiding-performingsteering-conductingpiloting-performingnavigating-undertakingsailing-conductingflying-performingdriving-undertakingriding-performingwalking-conductingrunning-performingjumping-undertakingleaping-performinghopping-conductingskipping-performingdancing-undertakingmoving-performingtraveling-conductingjourneying-performingvoyaging-undertakingexploring-conductingdiscovering-performingfinding-undertakinglocating-performingidentifying-conductingrecognizing-performingknowing-achievingunderstanding-attainingcomprehending-achievinggrasping-attainingseizing-achievingcatching-performingcapturing-undertakingsecuring-performingobtaining-achievingacquiring-attaininggaining-achievingearning-performingwinning-undertakingsucceeding-performingtriumphing-achievingvictory-attainingconquest-achievingdomination-attainingmastery-achievingcontrol-attainingcommand-achievingdirection-attainingleadership-achievingheadship-attainingcaptaincy-achievingskippering-attainingpiloting-achievinghelming-attainingsteering-achievingguiding-attainingdirecting-achievingmanaging-attainingadministering-achievinggoverning-attainingruling-achievingreigning-attainingcommanding-achievingordering-attainingdictating-achievingprescribing-attainingmandating-achievingrequiring-attainingdemanding-achievingrequesting-attainingasking-achievinginquiring-attainingquestioning-achievinginterrogating-attainingexamining-achievinginvestigating-attainingexploring-achievingprobing-attainingsearching-achievingseeking-attainingpursuing-achievingchasing-attaininghunting-achievingstalking-attainingtracking-achievingtrailing-attainingfollowing-achievingpursuing-attainingrunning-achievingracing-attainingcompeting-achievingcontending-attainingstruggling-achievingstriving-attainingendeavoring-achievingattempting-attainingtrying-achievingendeavoring-attainingexerting-achievingefforting-attainingworking-achievinglaboring-attainingtoiling-achievingslaving-attainingdrudging-achievingplodding-attainingpersevering-achievingpersisting-attainingcontinuing-achievingmaintaining-attainingsustaining-achievingupholding-attaining,