Hypoxia-tolerance
Guides
Chaoborus trivittatus
phantom midge
Chaoborus trivittatus is a species of phantom midge, a non-biting fly in the family Chaoboridae. The larvae are aquatic predators in lake ecosystems, notable for their diel vertical migration between deep daytime refuges and surface feeding zones. Unlike the congeneric C. americanus, C. trivittatus has a two-year life cycle with extended fourth-instar development. Adults are short-lived and non-feeding.
Chironomus
nonbiting midges, bloodworms
Chironomus is a genus of nonbiting midges in the family Chironomidae, containing over 200 species. Several species are cryptic and distinguishable only by experts using giant chromosome characteristics. The genus is notable for larvae that inhabit oxygen-poor aquatic sediments, using hemoglobin-like proteins to survive in hypoxic conditions. Adults are recognized by their habit of raising and vibrating their front legs when at rest—a behavior that inspired the genus name derived from Greek 'cheironomos' meaning 'one who moves the hands'.
Pinnixa chaetopterana
tube pea crab
Pinnixa chaetopterana is a small, soft-bodied pea crab that lives symbiotically within the tubes of polychaete worms, primarily Chaetopterus variopedatus. It is a facultative commensal, occasionally free-living or associating with alternative hosts such as Amphitrite ornata. The species exhibits strong host fidelity and can distinguish conspecifics from heterospecifics. It ranges from Massachusetts to Uruguay along the western Atlantic, including Brazil and the Gulf of Mexico.
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