Vertical-migration
Guides
Chaoborus albatus
phantom midge
Chaoborus albatus is a species of phantom midge described by Johnson in 1921. As a member of the family Chaoboridae, it is an aquatic dipteran whose larvae are known for their transparent, nearly invisible bodies. The genus Chaoborus is characterized by larvae that lack respiratory siphons and possess unique gas-filled tracheal sacs that function as hydrostatic organs for vertical migration in water columns.
Chaoborus trivittatus
phantom midge
Chaoborus trivittatus is a species of phantom midge, a non-biting fly in the family Chaoboridae. The larvae are aquatic predators in lake ecosystems, notable for their diel vertical migration between deep daytime refuges and surface feeding zones. Unlike the congeneric C. americanus, C. trivittatus has a two-year life cycle with extended fourth-instar development. Adults are short-lived and non-feeding.
Hyperiidea
hyperiid amphipods
Hyperiidea is a suborder of exclusively marine amphipod crustaceans characterized by large eyes and a planktonic lifestyle. Unlike other amphipod suborders, they do not occur in freshwater. The group comprises approximately 284 species across 20-23 families. Most species are associated with gelatinous zooplankton as parasites or predators of salps and jellyfish, though some members such as Themisto gaudichaudii are free-swimming predators of copepods and other small planktonic animals.
Scaptocoris
burrowing bugs, burrower bugs
Scaptocoris is a genus of burrowing bugs in the family Cydnidae, currently containing at least seven described species in the Neotropical region. Species in this genus are economically important soil-borne pests that feed on plant roots using piercing-sucking mouthparts. They exhibit distinctive behavioral adaptations including vertical migration in soil in response to moisture availability and flight dispersal during rainy periods. The genus has been documented attacking crops including soybean, cotton, corn, rice, and various pasture grasses across South America.
Spirobolidae
Spirobolid Millipedes
Spirobolidae is a family of large, cylindrical millipedes in the order Spirobolida, distributed across tropical and temperate regions worldwide. The family is divided into two subfamilies: Spirobolinae and Tylobolinae. Members of this family include well-known genera such as Narceus in North America, Spirobolus in Asia, and Chicobolus in the southeastern United States. Several species serve as intermediate hosts for parasitic acanthocephalans.