Spirobolidae
Spirobolidae
Classification
- Phylum: Arthropoda
- Subphylum: Myriapoda
- Class: Diplopoda
- Order: Spirobolida
- Family: Spirobolidae
Pronunciation
How to pronounce Spirobolidae: /ˌspaɪroʊˈboʊlɪdiː/
These audio files are automatically generated. While they are not always 100% accurate, they are a good starting point.
Images
Summary
Spirobolidae is a large family of millipedes known for its substantial size and detritivorous diet, contributing to ecosystem health through nutrient recycling.
Physical Characteristics
Length of 4‒12 cm; includes some of the largest millipedes in North America, much longer and wider than similar-looking Julida.
Identification Tips
Differences in size and morphology compared to Julida; consider habitat and geographic distribution.
Habitat
Found primarily in forests and leaf litter; prefers moist environments.
Distribution
Regions include Southern California, Florida, northern Texas, and parts of Canada (e.g., Quebec) to southern Ontario and northeastern Texas.
Diet
Detritivorous; feeds on decomposing organic materials and leaf litter.
Life Cycle
Life cycle involves several molts; typical millipede growth and maturation phases are observed, including egg laying by adults.
Reproduction
Reproduces through direct mating; females lay eggs in soil or leaf litter.
Predators
Birds, small mammals, and insects such as predatory beetles.
Ecosystem Role
Plays a critical role in decomposition and recycling nutrients in the ecosystem.
Economic Impact
Not considered economically significant; may have positive effects on soil health but can be overlooked.
Collecting Methods
- Hand collection in the field
- Pitfall traps
- Sifting leaf litter
Preservation Methods
- Ethanol preservation
- Drying specimens
- Freezing for morphological study
Similar Taxa
Misconceptions
Often confused with similar-looking Julida species, particularly in terms of size and habitat.
Tags
- millipedes
- Spirobolidae
- arthropods
- Myriapoda
- biodiversity