Crustacean

Guides

Aegidae
aegid isopods
Aegidae is a family of marine and freshwater isopod crustaceans characterized by temporary parasitic relationships with fish hosts. Adults attach to hosts to feed on blood or tissue, then detach to digest meals. The family is distinguished from related Cirolanidae by having only three pairs of hook-like pereiopods rather than seven. Members occur in diverse aquatic habitats from shallow coastal waters to deep ocean environments, with some species documented at depths exceeding 2000 meters.
parasite fish-parasite temporary-parasite isopod crustacean aquaculture-pest marine freshwater deep-sea ectoparasite
Aeginina
skeleton shrimp
Aeginina is a genus of caprellid amphipods containing at least two described species: Aeginina longicornis and Aeginina aenigmatica. These small crustaceans are commonly known as skeleton shrimp due to their elongated, stick-like appearance. The genus was established by Norman in 1905 and occurs in marine environments of the North Atlantic.
caprellid skeleton-shrimp intermediate-host parasite-vector North-Atlantic marine crustacean
Alloniscus mirabilis
Wonderful Wracklouse
Alloniscus mirabilis is a terrestrial isopod (woodlouse) in the family Alloniscidae. The species epithet "mirabilis" (Latin for "wonderful" or "extraordinary") reflects its distinctive characteristics. As a member of the suborder Oniscidea, it is a fully terrestrial crustacean adapted to life on land. The species has been documented in North America with 81 observations recorded on iNaturalist.
terrestrial-isopod woodlouse crustacean Oniscidea North-America
Americorchestia longicornis
Common Atlantic sandhopper
Americorchestia longicornis, the common Atlantic sandhopper, is a beach-dwelling amphipod in the family Talitridae. It inhabits sandy coastal environments along the Atlantic seaboard, where it functions as a detritivore and scavenger. The species is distinguished from similar beach hoppers by its elongated antennae, as reflected in its specific epithet.
crustacean amphipod beach-hopper intertidal Talitridae Atlantic-coast sandhopper detritivore coastal-invertebrate supralittoral
Amphibalanus
acorn barnacle
Amphibalanus is a genus of acorn barnacles in the family Balanidae, established by Pitombo in 2004 to accommodate species formerly assigned to Balanus. The genus contains multiple species including the widespread and economically significant Amphibalanus amphitrite and A. improvisus. These barnacles are characterized by their conical calcareous shells, cemented base, and planktonic larval stages culminating in a settlement-competent cyprid stage. Several species have become established outside their native ranges as invasive biofouling organisms in ports and harbors worldwide.
barnacle biofouling invasive marine crustacean port settlement cement-protein
Anomopoda
water fleas
Anomopoda is a group of small aquatic crustaceans commonly known as water fleas, classified within Branchiopoda and Diplostraca. The group includes several families of ecological and scientific importance, with some species widely used as model organisms in evolutionary biology, ecology, and toxicology. Anomopods exhibit remarkable reproductive flexibility, alternating between parthenogenetic and sexual reproduction. They occupy diverse freshwater habitats across the globe and serve as critical components of aquatic food webs.
freshwater plankton model-organism parthenogenesis crustacean water-flea
Arguloida
Fish Lice
Arguloida is an order of parasitic crustaceans commonly known as fish lice. The order contains a single family, Argulidae, whose members are obligate ectoparasites of freshwater and marine fishes. These organisms have an uncertain phylogenetic position within Maxillopoda and lack any known fossil record. They are distributed globally across temperate and tropical waters.
parasite fish-parasite aquaculture-pest ectoparasite crustacean
Argulus
Fish Lice, Carp Lice
Argulus is a genus of ectoparasitic crustaceans commonly known as fish lice, comprising approximately 130–140 accepted species. They are obligate parasites of fish, inhabiting marine, brackish, and freshwater environments worldwide. The genus exhibits low host specificity and can infest diverse fish species, with documented impacts on host health including immunosuppression and facilitation of secondary bacterial infections.
ectoparasite fish-parasite aquaculture-pest Branchiura crustacean
Armases
square-back American marsh crabs
Armases is a genus of sesarmid crabs comprising approximately 13 described species distributed across tropical and subtropical coastal regions of the Americas. These semi-terrestrial crabs inhabit salt marshes, mangroves, and estuarine environments, with some species exhibiting notable movement between marine and terrestrial habitats. Several species have been extensively studied for their larval development, metabolic ecology, and role in ecosystem energy transfer. The genus includes both species with larval export strategies to continental shelves and those breeding in supratidal rock pools.
crustacean crab sesarmid marsh-crab semi-terrestrial estuarine mangrove salt-marsh larval-export ecosystem-engineer bioindicator neotropical western-Atlantic
Artemia franciscana
San Francisco brine shrimp
Artemia franciscana is a small crustacean native to hypersaline environments of the Americas, now widely introduced globally for aquaculture. The species exhibits exceptional reproductive plasticity, switching between ovoviviparity (live birth of nauplii) and oviparity (production of dormant cysts) based on environmental conditions. It matures rapidly, reaching reproductive age in under 20 days, and serves as a critical live food source in commercial fish and shellfish farming. The species shows pronounced phenotypic plasticity in response to salinity and temperature stress.
crustacean brine-shrimp aquaculture hypersaline model-organism phenotypic-plasticity cryptobiosis live-feed
Artemiidae
Brine Shrimp
Artemiidae is a family of branchiopod crustaceans containing the single genus Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp. These organisms inhabit hypersaline inland waters worldwide where their extreme salinity tolerance excludes most predators. The family has remained morphologically unchanged since the Triassic period. Artemiidae species serve as important food sources for waterbirds and as intermediate hosts for avian cestodes. Their desiccation-resistant cysts have enabled commercial harvest and widespread use in aquaculture as live feed.
branchiopod crustacean hypersaline brine-shrimp aquaculture intermediate-host cestode cysts nauplii
Aselloidea
Waterslaters and allies
Aselloidea is a superfamily of freshwater and subterranean isopods within the suborder Asellota. Members are primarily aquatic, with many lineages adapted to life in groundwater, caves, and karst systems. The superfamily includes families such as Asellidae (common freshwater isopods), Stenasellidae, and Atlantasellidae. Some representatives exhibit remarkable morphological specializations for subterranean existence, including reduced eyes and elongated appendages.
isopod crustacean freshwater subterranean cave karst groundwater Asellota
Asellota
Asellotes
Asellota is a suborder of isopod crustaceans comprising approximately one-quarter of all marine isopods. The group exhibits remarkable ecological diversity, occurring in marine, freshwater, and subterranean habitats from shallow coastal waters to abyssal depths, including hydrothermal vents. Members possess distinctive morphological specializations including a complex copulatory apparatus that distinguishes them from other isopods. The suborder has undergone multiple independent colonizations of deep-sea environments, with some lineages showing extensive radiation in these habitats.
isopod crustacean deep-sea groundwater stygobiotic hydrothermal-vent marine freshwater subterranean benthic
Astacoidea
Northern Hemisphere Crayfishes
Astacoidea is a superfamily of freshwater crayfish restricted to the Northern Hemisphere. It comprises three families: Astacidae (Europe and western North America), Cambaridae (eastern North America), and Cambaroididae (eastern Asia). Members are distinguished from the Southern Hemisphere superfamily Parastacoidea by geographic distribution. Crayfish in this group possess ten walking legs, feather-like gills for respiration, and a segmented body with a hard exoskeleton. Many species construct burrows for shelter, with complexity varying from simple tunnels to elaborate multi-chambered systems.
freshwater crustacean decapod burrowing Northern-Hemisphere commercially-important conservation-concern invasive-potential keystone-species cave-dwelling-forms
Barce husseyi
Barce cf-husseyi is an amphipod crustacean in the family Phliantidae. The 'cf.' designation indicates the specimen resembles Barce husseyi but definitive identification requires further verification. Amphipods in this genus are typically marine, benthic organisms associated with hard substrates or sediments.
Amphipoda Phliantidae marine crustacean cf-designation taxonomic-uncertainty
Bathyporeiidae
Bathyporeiidae is a family of amphipod crustaceans containing two genera: Amphiporeia and Bathyporeia. These small, laterally compressed marine invertebrates are primarily known from shallow coastal waters of northern Europe. The family was formally established by d'Udekem d'Acoz in 2011.
crustacean marine amphipod benthic
Bosmina freyi
Bosmina freyi is a small cladoceran crustacean in the family Bosminidae, described by De Melo and Hebert in 1994. It inhabits freshwater environments, with documented populations in tropical eutrophic reservoirs. Research has examined morphological plasticity in this species, particularly variation in body size, mucron length, and antennule morphology in response to environmental conditions.
cladoceran zooplankton freshwater crustacean Bosminidae
Branchiopoda
Branchiopods
Branchiopoda is a class of small, primarily freshwater crustaceans unified by the presence of gills on their appendages—giving the group its name from Greek 'bránkhia' (gill) and 'poús' (foot). The class comprises fairy shrimp (Anostraca), tadpole shrimp (Notostraca), clam shrimp (Spinicaudata, Laevicaudata, Cyclestherida), and water fleas (Cladocera/Diplostraca), plus the extinct Devonian Lepidocaris. Most are filter-feeders on plankton and detritus, though notostracans are opportunistic omnivores. Many species inhabit temporary pools and produce desiccation-resistant resting eggs, allowing survival through dry periods.
crustacean freshwater zooplankton filter-feeder temporary-pools parthenogenesis resting-eggs bioindicator aquaculture model-organism
Branchiura
Branchiurans, Fish lice
Branchiura is a subclass of crustaceans within the class Ichthyostraca, comprising approximately 170 species of ectoparasitic fish lice. The group contains two extant families: Argulidae (fish lice) and Chonopeltidae, plus the extinct Cyclida. Branchiurans are obligate ectoparasites of freshwater and marine fishes, characterized by a flattened body adapted for clinging to host surfaces and specialized mouthparts for feeding on host blood, mucus, and tissues.
ectoparasite fish-parasite aquaculture-pest crustacean Argulidae
Bythotrephes longimanus
Spiny Water Flea, Spiny Waterflea
Bythotrephes longimanus is a predatory planktonic cladoceran crustacean native to northern Europe and Asia that has become a significant invasive species in North America since its introduction to the Great Lakes in the 1980s. Adults reach up to 15 mm in length, with females growing substantially larger than males. The species exhibits cyclic parthenogenesis and produces distinctive morphological forms depending on reproductive mode and season. Its invasion has caused substantial ecological disruption through direct predation on native zooplankton and non-lethal effects that alter prey behavior and population dynamics.
invasive-species zooplankton predator Great-Lakes cladoceran cyclic-parthenogenesis diel-vertical-migration pelagic freshwater crustacean
Caecidotea communis
Caecidotea communis is a freshwater isopod in the family Asellidae. It inhabits ponds and exhibits cathemeral activity patterns—maintaining consistent movement rates across day and night periods. The species shows insensitivity to kairomones from predatory fish, representing the first documented case of cathemerality in crustaceans.
cathemerality crustacean pond predator-insensitivity
Calappa flammea
Flame Streaked Box Crab
Calappa flammea is a marine crab species in the family Calappidae, commonly known as the Flame Streaked Box Crab. It is distributed in the Western Atlantic Ocean. The species was first described by Herbst in 1794 as Cancer flammeus.
crustacean marine decapod box-crab Western-Atlantic
Calliopiidae
Calliopiidae is a family of hyperbenthic amphipods distributed across the North Atlantic and North Pacific oceans. Members inhabit diverse marine environments including subtidal waters, hydrothermal vents, and the hyperbenthic zone immediately above the seafloor. The family includes the newly described genus Bathya from deep-sea hydrothermal vents and Calliopius species associated with macroalgae.
marine hyperbenthic deep-sea hydrothermal-vent amphipod crustacean North-Atlantic North-Pacific
Cambarus dubius
Upland Burrowing Crayfish
Cambarus dubius, commonly known as the Upland Burrowing Crayfish, is a burrowing crayfish species native to the central and southern Appalachian region of the eastern United States. The species has a complex taxonomic history with multiple distinct color phases historically recognized across different geographic areas. Recent taxonomic work has restricted C. dubius sensu stricto to populations with orange dorsal and lateral coloration and cream ventral surfaces, found in the central and northern Allegheny Mountains and high elevations of the Appalachian Plateau. The species constructs distinctive burrow systems and faces conservation concerns due to limited distribution data and habitat alterations.
crayfish burrowing-crayfish Appalachian-fauna species-complex conservation groundwater-indicator Cambaridae Decapoda crustacean endemic North-America United-States West-Virginia Pennsylvania Maryland terrestrial-crayfish primary-burrower
Cambarus speciosus
Beautiful Crayfish
Cambarus speciosus, commonly known as the beautiful crayfish, is a species of freshwater crayfish in the family Cambaridae. It is endemic to Georgia, United States. The species is currently listed as Near Threatened (NT) by the IUCN, with a stable population as of the last review in 2010. The specific epithet 'speciosus' refers to its attractive appearance.
crayfish crustacean freshwater endemic Georgia USA Near-Threatened IUCN-NT Cambaridae decapod
Cancer borealis
Jonah crab
Cancer borealis, commonly known as the Jonah crab, is a marine brachyuran crab native to the western Atlantic Ocean. It inhabits waters from Newfoundland to Florida, primarily in rocky marine environments. The species possesses a rounded, rough-edged carapace with small light spots and robust claws with dark brown-black tips. Males reach larger sizes than females, with maximum carapace widths of 222 mm versus approximately 150 mm. The Jonah crab has been extensively studied as a model organism for neurophysiology, particularly for its stomatogastric nervous system, which has contributed to understanding neural circuit function and neuromuscular control.
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Catalogue-of-Life-acceptance Stimpson-1859-authorship GBIF-Western-Atlantic-Ocean-presence DSpace-repository-landing-page HTML-metadata-abstract-field no-accessible-Cancer-borealis-biology-content no-biological-evidence-extractable PMCID-13019607 PMCID-12632486 DOI-10.1016/j.isci.2026.115244 DOI-10.1101/2025.10.06.680680 DOI-10.32469/10355/69970 DOI-10.23860/diss-3167 New-England-Atlantic-Ocean-explicit-habitat marine-environment-explicit water-temperature-variation-explicit pH-fluctuation-explicit depth-dependent-pH temperature-dependent-pH tidal-cycle-pH stomach-muscle-food-grinding stomach-teeth-movement pylorus-food-filtering stomatogastric-neuromuscular-system-function-maintenance environmental-temperature-fluctuation-tolerance environmental-pH-fluctuation-tolerance no-distribution-information-provided no-diet-information-provided no-life-cycle-information-provided no-reproduction-information-provided no-ecosystem-role-information-provided host-associations-inapplicable 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Cancer productus
Red Rock Crab, Pearl of the Pacific Northwest
A large, commercially harvested crab native to the eastern Pacific coast of North America. Adults display distinctive brick-red coloration with large pincers bearing black tips. The species inhabits intertidal to subtidal waters and is an opportunistic carnivore, feeding on barnacles, small crabs, and fish. It is subject to sport and commercial fisheries, particularly in California and Washington.
crustacean commercial-fishery carnivore intertidal benthic Pacific-coast burrowing-behavior
Caprella verrucosa
Caprella verrucosa is a marine amphipod species in the family Caprellidae, commonly known as skeleton shrimp. The species was described by Boeck in 1871. It is found in temperate Asian waters, with confirmed records from the South Korean part of the Yellow Sea. Like other caprellids, it exhibits a reduced body plan with elongated pereiopods adapted for clinging to substrates in marine environments.
marine amphipod caprellid temperate Asia Yellow-Sea benthic crustacean
Carpias
Carpias is a genus of small marine isopods in the family Janiridae, established by Richardson in 1902. Members of this genus belong to the suborder Asellota, a diverse group of mostly benthic crustaceans. The genus contains multiple described species found in marine environments. Records of this genus in biodiversity databases remain limited, with few documented observations.
marine benthic crustacean isopod asellote janiridae
Carpias minutus
Sargasso Witcher
Carpias minutus is a marine isopod species in the family Janiridae, commonly known as the Sargasso Witcher. The species was described by Richardson in 1902. It is associated with the Sargasso Sea ecosystem, a unique pelagic habitat in the North Atlantic Ocean characterized by floating Sargassum seaweed. The species has been recorded from Bermuda and coastal Brazil (Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo states).
marine pelagic Sargasso-Sea isopod crustacean Asellota Janiridae
Cassidinidea ovalis
Cassidinidea ovalis is a species of isopod crustacean in the family Sphaeromatidae. Originally described by Thomas Say in 1818 as Naesa ovalis, this species has been reclassified into the genus Cassidinidea. The genus Cassidinidea is part of the sphaeromatid isopods, a group commonly known as pill bugs or sow bugs, though this particular genus tends toward more elongated, less strongly convex body forms than the classic 'pill bug' shape.
isopod crustacean sphaeromatidae marine-invertebrate estuarine benthic detritivore cave-associated trogloxene stygobiont
Cirolana
Cirolana is a genus of marine isopod crustaceans in the family Cirolanidae, established by William Elford Leach in 1818. The genus name derives from an anagram of 'Carolina,' originally the French 'Cirolane' for an unknown woman named Caroline. Species occupy diverse marine habitats including intertidal zones, shallow coastal waters, and anchialine caves. The genus exhibits considerable diversity, with species groups such as the 'parva-group' recognized in Indo-Malayan and Australasian waters.
marine intertidal isopod crustacean gregarious-behavior anchialine
Copepoda
copepods
Copepods are small aquatic crustaceans and one of the most abundant and diverse multicellular organisms on Earth. They occupy nearly every aquatic habitat, from marine plankton to deep ocean floors, freshwater lakes, groundwater systems, and even moist terrestrial environments such as leaf litter and bromeliad phytotelmata. The group includes free-living forms as well as highly modified parasites. Copepods are fundamental components of aquatic food webs, serving as critical prey for fish, whales, and other marine life, while also contributing to nutrient cycling and carbon sequestration through the biological pump.
plankton zooplankton crustacean aquatic abundant bioindicator carbon-pump fisheries parasitic-forms groundwater cave-dwelling meiofauna biodiversity-indicator climate-change-sentinel
Coronula diadema
whale barnacle, humpback whale barnacle
Coronula diadema is a species of whale barnacle that lives exclusively on cetacean hosts, primarily humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae). First described by Carl Linnaeus in 1767, this barnacle attaches to whale skin using specialized coring structures and filter-feeds on plankton. The species exhibits simultaneous hermaphroditism and forms mating groups of up to nine individuals. Its crown-like appearance gives rise to both its scientific and common names.
barnacle crustacean cetacean-symbiont marine filter-feeder hermaphrodite
Crangon septemspinosa
sand shrimp, seven-spined bay shrimp
Crangon septemspinosa is a small caridean shrimp distributed along the Atlantic coast of North America from Newfoundland to eastern Florida. Adults reach 7–7.5 cm in length and exhibit sand-colored camouflage. The species is nocturnal, with activity levels and respiration rates increasing at higher temperatures. It occupies diverse marine habitats from intertidal zones to depths of 450 m, including eelgrass beds, salt marshes, and estuaries. Reproductive timing varies geographically: northern populations show bimodal spawning in spring and late autumn, while southern Gulf of St. Lawrence populations reproduce more continuously through spring and summer with reduced autumn activity.
crustacean shrimp nocturnal diel-vertical-migration predator winter-flounder estuarine Atlantic-coast temperature-dependent-growth variable-reproduction
Crangonyx richmondensis
Ellis Bog Crangonyctid
A small freshwater amphipod crustacean endemic to North America. The species exhibits an annual life cycle with distinct seasonal breeding patterns. Populations are restricted to specific freshwater habitats with particular substrate and vegetation characteristics. Two subspecies have been described: C. r. richmondensis and C. r. laurentianus, with the latter studied in detail in Algonquin Park, Ontario.
amphipod freshwater endemic annual-life-cycle Precambrian-Shield subspecies crustacean bog acid-lake
Ctenopoda
Ctenopoda is an order of small crustaceans within the superorder Diplostraca, comprising three families: Holopediidae, Pseudopenilidae, and Sididae. Members are commonly known as water fleas and are predominantly freshwater inhabitants, though the genus Penilia is marine. The order is characterized by specialized swimming antennae and a body plan that reflects functional separation between locomotion and feeding appendages. Ctenopoda species have been documented across diverse aquatic habitats including lakes, reservoirs, wetlands, and coastal marine systems, with some species introduced to areas outside their native ranges by human activity.
crustacean zooplankton freshwater water-flea cladoceran
Cyclopoida
Cyclopoid Copepods
Cyclopoida is an order of small crustaceans within the class Copepoda, comprising approximately 30 families. Members are primarily planktonic, inhabiting both marine and freshwater environments, and are distinguished by morphological features including antennae shorter than the head and thorax combined. The order exhibits metamorphic larval development with embryos carried in paired or single sacs attached to the first abdominal somite. Molecular phylogenetic studies have reclassified the former order Poecilostomatoida as a lineage nested within Cyclopoida.
plankton copepod freshwater marine crustacean
Cymothoida
Predaceous and Parasitic Isopods
Cymothoida is a suborder of isopod crustaceans comprising more than 2,700 described species across four superfamilies. Members are predominantly carnivorous or parasitic, distinguished by specialized mouthparts including a mandible with a tooth-like process adapted for cutting or slicing. The group includes diverse lifestyles ranging from free-living scavengers to obligate parasites of fish and crustaceans.
marine parasitic carnivorous scavenger isopod crustacean
Daphnia
water fleas, water-fleas
Daphnia is a genus of small planktonic crustaceans (0.2–6.0 mm) in the order Anomopoda, commonly called water fleas due to their saltatory swimming style. The genus comprises over 200 species distributed across diverse freshwater habitats worldwide. Daphnia exhibits cyclical parthenogenesis, alternating between asexual and sexual reproduction, and serves as a keystone organism in freshwater food webs. Several species, particularly D. magna and D. pulex, are extensively used as model organisms in ecology, toxicology, and evolutionary biology research.
crustacean plankton freshwater model-organism filter-feeder parthenogenesis water-flea toxicology invasive-species indicator-species
Decapoda
decapods, ten-footed crustaceans
Decapoda is the most species-rich order of Crustacea, with over 14,500 described extant species worldwide. Members include crayfish, crabs, lobsters, prawns, and shrimp—collectively known as decapods or "ten-footed" crustaceans. The order exhibits extraordinary morphological diversity, ranging from tiny symbiotic shrimps under one centimetre to large crabs and lobsters. Decapods occupy virtually every aquatic habitat on Earth, from deep-sea trenches exceeding 5,000 metres depth to terrestrial environments, with nearly half of all species being crabs. The order includes several infraorders with distinct body plans: Brachyura (true crabs), Caridea (shrimps), Anomura (hermit crabs and allies), and others.
crustacean marine freshwater terrestrial commercially-important ecosystem-engineer symbiotic deep-sea
Diacyclops thomasi
Diacyclops thomasi is a cyclopoid copepod species in the family Cyclopidae, first described by Forbes in 1882. The species exhibits a distinctive life cycle involving summer diapause with whole-body encystment at the copepodid IV stage. During encystment, the organism undergoes profound metabolic depression and ultrastructural reorganization of its digestive tract, including transformation of midgut epithelial cells and accumulation of lipid-rich lacunae.
copepod cyclopoid diapause encystment crustacean freshwater summer-dormancy ultrastructure developmental-biology
Emerita
mole crabs, sand fleas, sand crabs, sand fiddlers, sea cicada
Emerita is a genus of small decapod crustaceans commonly known as mole crabs or sand fleas. These animals inhabit the intertidal zone of sandy beaches, where they burrow in the swash zone and use their antennae for filter feeding. The genus belongs to the family Hippidae and is characterized by a compact, oval body adapted for rapid burrowing in shifting sand.
decapod crustacean intertidal filter-feeder burrowing sand-beach
Emerita analoga
Pacific sand crab, Pacific mole crab, coldwater mole crab
Emerita analoga is a small sand-burrowing decapod crustacean inhabiting exposed sandy beaches along temperate Pacific coasts of North and South America. The species exhibits strong sexual dimorphism, with females nearly twice the size of males. It is a suspension feeder that captures plankton using specialized antennae extended into retreating waves. The species has been widely studied as an indicator organism for coastal pollution and harmful algal blooms.
decapod crustacean intertidal suspension-feeder indicator-species sexual-dimorphism planktonic-larvae swash-zone Pacific-coast bait-fishery
Emerita talpoida
Atlantic mole crab, Atlantic sand crab
Emerita talpoida is a mole crab in the family Hippidae, endemic to the western Atlantic Ocean. It inhabits the swash zone of sandy beaches, where it burrows backwards into sand and filter-feeds using feathery antennae. The species exhibits a circatidal rhythm in activity with a ~12.4 hour period, with smaller crabs distributed higher intertidally than larger ones. Life history is flexible, with reproductive timing and growth patterns varying in response to environmental conditions.
crustacean decapod mole-crab filter-feeder intertidal circatidal-rhythm bioindicator western-Atlantic
Ericthonius
Ericthonius is a genus of marine amphipod crustaceans in the family Ischyroceridae, first described by H. Milne Edwards in 1830. The genus contains at least 20 described species, with records from marine coastal waters of northern Europe. These small crustaceans are part of the diverse benthic communities inhabiting shallow marine environments.
amphipod marine benthic crustacean North-Atlantic
Euceramus praelongus
Euceramus praelongus is a species of porcelain crab in the family Porcellanidae, described by Stimpson in 1860. It belongs to the infraorder Anomura, which includes hermit crabs and related groups. The species is known from limited records in the western Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico. Available information is sparse, with only nine observations documented on iNaturalist.
marine crustacean porcelain-crab western-Atlantic data-deficient
Eulimnadia geayi
Eulimnadia geayi is a small freshwater crustacean in the family Limnadiidae, commonly known as clam shrimp. First described by Eugen von Daday in 1913, this species inhabits temporary aquatic habitats across Central and South America. Like other members of its genus, it produces drought-resistant eggs that survive in dry sediment until rainfall triggers hatching. The species plays a role in ephemeral pool food webs as both a detritivore and prey item.
clam-shrimp Spinicaudata temporary-pool ephemeral-wetland cryptic-species-complex resting-egg crustacean freshwater-invertebrate
Exosphaeroma diminutum
Exosphaeroma diminutum is a small marine isopod in the family Sphaeromatidae, described by Menzies and Frankenberg in 1966. The species epithet 'diminutum' reflects its notably small body size relative to congeners. Like other Exosphaeroma species, it belongs to a group of crustaceans commonly known as marine pillbugs or rolly pollies, which are relatives of terrestrial isopods. The species has been recorded from Saint Thomas in the Caribbean region.
marine crustacean isopod pillbug sphaeromatidae caribbean cryptic-species undersampled
Exosphaeroma inornata
Exosphaeroma inornata is a sphaeromatid isopod originally described by Dow in 1958 from California. The species was later synonymized with E. media George and Stromberg 1968 from San Juan Island, Puget Sound, with differences between original descriptions attributed to author errors or phenotypic variations. It is a wide-ranging intertidal species with documented occurrence from San Diego, California north to San Juan Island, Washington, though a significant distribution gap exists between Humboldt Bay and Puget Sound.
marine intertidal isopod crustacean synonymy phenotypic-variation northeastern-Pacific crevice-dwelling algae-associated