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Guides

• Cancer borealis

  Jonah crab

  Cancer borealis, commonly known as the Jonah crab, is a marine brachyuran crab native to the western Atlantic Ocean. It inhabits waters from Newfoundland to Florida, primarily in rocky marine environments. The species possesses a rounded, rough-edged carapace with small light spots and robust claws with dark brown-black tips. Males reach larger sizes than females, with maximum carapace widths of 222 mm versus approximately 150 mm. The Jonah crab has been extensively studied as a model organism for neurophysiology, particularly for its stomatogastric nervous system, which has contributed to understanding neural circuit function and neuromuscular control.

  model-organismneurophysiologystomatogastric-ganglioncommercial-fisheryrocky-intertidalAtlantic-Oceandecapodcrustaceanion-channel-researchtemperature-adaptationpH-adaptationneural-circuitneuromuscularcompetitionfisheriesmarine-biologycell-identitytranscriptomicspotassium-channelsK2P-channelsmuscle-physiologystomatogastric-nervous-systembiogenic-amine-receptorsGABA-receptorsglutamate-receptorsacetylcholine-receptorsgap-junctionsinnexinsWnt-signalingobesity-researchcolon-cancer-researchsoluble-epoxide-hydrolasesEH-inhibitoromega-3-fatty-acidsDHA-metabolitesEDPsanti-angiogenictumor-growthmetastasispain-researchinflammatory-diseasediabetic-neuropathycancer-therapychemotherapy-side-effectsdebris-stimulated-metastasiscytokine-stormmacrophageinflammation-resolutioneicosanoid-pathwayprostaglandin-receptorEP4-antagonistclinical-trialsEicOsisacademic-industry-collaborationtranslational-researchfundamental-scienceinsect-metamorphosiscaterpillarbutterflygreen-insecticideblood-pressurefibrosisimmunitytissue-growthchronic-painnon-opiate-analgesiccompanion-animalhuman-healthdistinguished-professorNational-Academy-of-SciencesNational-Academy-of-InventorsUC-DavisSuperfund-ProgramNIHNIEHSRIVER-programbiotechnology-trainingpeer-reviewed-publicationslipidomicsfatty-acid-diolshigh-fat-dietknockout-mousepharmacological-inhibitionmolecular-analysessignaling-pathwaymechanistic-studiesUSDANational-Natural-Science-Foundation-of-Chinamass-spectrometrycompound-developmentPTUPBCOX-2-inhibitordual-inhibitorsurge-protectortumor-recurrencetreatment-resistanceovarian-cancerbreast-cancerpancreatic-cancerliver-cancercolon-cancerobesity-enhanced-cancerangiogenesismetastasis-preventiontumor-microenvironmentpositive-feedback-cycledormancy-escapesurgical-tumor-resectionperi-chemotherapeutic-managementdebris-clearancemacrophage-derived-stormpro-inflammatory-mediatorspro-angiogenic-mediatorslipid-autacoidcytokine-mediatorsresolution-mediatorsEETsnatural-pro-resolving-mediatorsholistic-modulationupstream-regulationdownstream-effectsnovel-therapeuticdrug-candidatePhase-I-clinical-trialPhase-II-clinical-trialhome-carecancer-centercomprehensive-cancer-centertransdisciplinary-researchsector-researchassistance-networkshared-protocolsorganizational-innovationpatient-centered-caremultidimensionalitypsychological-sufferingphysical-sufferingquality-of-lifetreatment-adherenceKarnofsky-performance-scorecomplete-blood-countblood-biochemistryblood-urea-nitrogenactivities-of-daily-livingindependenceprobioticsmulti-strain-probioticschemotherapy-related-side-effectsfatiguenauseaweaknessproneness-to-infectionsemerging-alternative-supplementspilot-trialopen-access-journalsedation-led-chemotherapyS.L.E.E.P.sleep-during-treatmentnight-administrationbed-allocationspecialized-nursinghome-visitseconomic-investmentfunding-prioritycardiovascular-diseasehealthcare-systemresearch-collaborationexcellence-centersscientific-contributionorganizational-ideascolleague-oncologistsfight-against-cancercurse-metaphorSleeping-Beauty-metaphorspinning-wheel-metaphorevil-witch-metaphorfairy-godmothers-metaphorpatient-narrativedoctor-patient-relationshipempathycare-extensionhospital-adaptationlife-derailmentdisease-integrationeveryday-lifenormalizationtolerance-improvementovercoming-chancespractical-limitationsresearch-ideaResearch-Ideas-and-OutcomesRIO-Journalfeature-storygraduate-studentUC-BerkeleySarjeet-GillUC-Riverside50-years-research900-peer-reviewed-papers17,000-peer-reviewed-papersenzyme-importance-recognitionmammalian-biologyregulatory-moleculesdegradation-controlbiosynthesis-controlepoxy-fatty-acid-chemical-mediatorsblood-pressure-controlfibrosis-controlimmunity-controltissue-growth-controlpain-controlinflammation-controlnon-addictive-drugorally-activeseed-fund-grantsNIH/NINDS-Blueprint-Development-Granthuman-clinical-trials2019-scheduleWilliam-Schmidtvice-president-clinical-developmentlarge-NIH-grantdiabetic-neuropathic-painJun-Yan-Liuhuman-sample-collectionWeicang-WangJianan-ZhangJun-YangJia-SunSung-Hee-HwangDebin-WanYuxin-WangWiepeng-QiHaixia-YangYeonhwa-ParkKatherine-SanidadDaeyoung-KimZhang-labUniversity-of-Massachusettsassistant-professor-food-sciencecolonic-inflammation-preventioninflammatory-bowel-disease-preventioncolon-cancer-prevention30-percent-Americans-obese30-60-percent-higher-colon-cancer-riskthird-most-common-cancersecond-leading-cause-cancer-deathmechanisms-not-well-understoodfew-effective-strategiessEH-over-expression-obese-micepharmacological-inhibition-abolishes-obesity-induced-inflammationgenetic-deletion-abolishes-obesity-induced-inflammationactivation-pro-tumorigenic-pathwaysessential-enzymenovel-agentsWnt-pathway90-percent-sporadic-colorectal-cancersactivating-mutationsobesity-increases-Wnt-activationabolished-by-inhibitors-and-knockoutblocked-obesity-induced-colon-inflammationmeticulous-jobbiologically-active-fatsblocking-diol-production-blocks-inflammationlipidomics-techniqueconsistent-resultssignaling-pathway-mechanistic-studiespotential-treatmenthuman-clinical-trials-this-yearUSDA-National-Institute-Food-AgricultureNIH-NIEHSNIEHS-Superfund-Research-ProgramNational-Natural-Science-Foundation-ChinaZuodong-Zhangpostdoctoral-researcher16-scientistsdietary-omega-3-fatty-acidsfish-oilstumor-growth-reductioncancer-spread-reduction580,000-Americans-die-annuallycytochrome-P450-epoxygenase-metabolitesDHAepoxy-docosapentaenoic-acidsblood-supply-blockadetumor-inhibitionmetastasis-inhibitionnatural-EDP-stabilizationsoluble-epoxide-hydrolase-inhibitorpain-control-developmenthypertension-control-developmenthuman-studies-cancer-risk-reductionmechanism-poorly-understoodnovel-mechanism-provisionpotent-anti-cancer-effectspotent-anti-metastatic-effectscurrent-anti-cancer-drugsangiogenesis-blockadehypertension-side-effectsnew-mechanism-angiogenesis-blockadeblood-vessel-wideningreduced-side-effectsmice-studiessorafenib-combinationefficacy-improvementside-effect-reductionfood-science-doctorateUniversity-of-Wisconsin-MadisonLisa-MahakianKatherine-FerraraXiaowen-Hupromise-demonstrationepoxides-DHA-strongly-anti-angiogenicepoxides-ARA-mildly-angiogenictumor-encouragementwound-healing-encouragementopposite-effects-background-lipidshumans-as-mice-assumptionhigh-omega-3-low-omega-6-backgroundsorafenib-regorafenib-potentiationCharles-SerhanHarvard-Medical-Schoolomega-3-autacoid-expertSimon-Gelman-ProfessorAnesthesia-Perioperative-Pain-Medicinefull-appreciation-stepbioactive-products-DHA-metabolomemetabolic-conversion-pivotalvascular-mechanismscancer-biologyvascular-biologytranslation-to-humansevidence-based-treatmentsJonathan-LindnerOregon-Health-Science-Universitycardiologistnew-drug-strategiesnutrition-knowledgediet-influence-susceptibilitytumor-progression-ratechemotherapy-responsereasonable-recommendationspathway-uncoveringtumor-development-influencetumor-growth-influencebeneficial-pathwayspreviously-unrecognized-anti-cancer-effectimportant-lipid-componentheart-disease-prevention-dietcancer-prevention-dietnew-blood-vessel-growth-suppressiontumor-blood-supply-shutdowndramatic-tumor-growth-slowingUC-Davis-Department-Entomology-websiteco-author-photosJianjun-DengHarvard-Medical-School-lead-author16-member-international-teamDipak-Panigrahy-laboratoriesBruce-Hammock-laboratoryinflammatory-response-controlchemotherapy-treatmentspancreatic-cancer-patientsliver-cancer-patientsdecades-old-drug-candidatebody's-raging-inflammatory-responsedeadly-inflammatory-responseProceedings-National-Academy-SciencesPNAS-publicationrodent-modelstwo-drug-combinationinflammation-reductiondebris-from-dying-tumor-cellsmetastasis-triggercancer-spreadsEH-enzyme-inhibitionEP4-prostaglandin-receptor-blockingeicosanoid-pathway-blockingcompound-synergypancreas-cancer-metastasis-preventionliver-cancer-metastasis-preventiondebris-clearance-stimulationINV-1120highly-potent-selective-EP4-antagonistPhase-I-clinical-trial-Texasmonotherapy-effectstrong-synergy-anti-PD-1sEH-candidate-synergygemcitabine-synergypreclinical-animal-modelsYongkui-SunIonova-Life-Science-chairmanbiotechnology-company-Chinabasic-biomedical-research-translationnovel-therapeuticsHammock-lab-co-lead-authorNational-Academy-EngineeringMerck-research-and-development-teamfruitful-academic-industry-collaborationexcessive-inflammationlipid-stormhuman-body-reactionpancreatic-cancer-therapydebris-increase-sEH-EP4-proteinspro-inflammatory-lipid-autacoidpro-angiogenic-lipid-autacoidinflammatory-response-control-importanceupstream-cytokine-modulationdownstream-cytokine-blockingholistic-eicosanoid-modulationinsidious-cancer-characteristicsdying-cells-immune-system-trainingtumor-microenvironment-favorabilitytherapy-combattingeffectiveness-renderingdouble-edged-sword-cancer-therapyinflammatory-immunosuppressive-injury-responsedormancy-escape-promotiontumor-recurrence-promotionVictoria-HaakUniversity-Buffalo-first-year-medical-studentChina-Agricultural-University-researchercompound-synthesisnovel-simple-effective-approachinflammation-turning-downcytokine-storm-preventiontumor-resection-consequencenatural-pro-resolving-mediator-concentration-increasebiological-system-actionpro-resolution-mediator-productioninflammation-modulationactive-resolution-processEicOsis-Human-Health-LLCUC-Davis-based-companyinhibitor-human-clinical-trialsTexas-trialsupstream-actioneicosanoid-down-regulationcytokine-storm-down-regulationpatient-help-optimismtremendous-clinic-translation-potentialPanigrahy-quote60,430-pancreatic-cancer-diagnoses-annually31,950-male28,480-female48,220-pancreatic-cancer-deaths-annually25,270-male22,950-female42,230-liver-cancer-diagnoses-annually29,890-male12,340-female30,230-liver-cancer-deaths-annually20,300-male9,930-femaleAmerican-Cancer-Society-statisticsliver-cancer-incidence-tripling-since-1980liver-cancer-death-rate-doublingchemotherapy-cancer-risk-elucidationmetastasis-prevention-promiserecurrence-prevention-promisesurgical-tumor-resection-followingpre-operative-inflammation-managementperi-chemotherapeutic-inflammation-managementcancer-recurrence-stav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• Eumenes verticalis

  Vertical potter wasp

  Eumenes verticalis is a solitary potter wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae, known for constructing distinctive urn-shaped mud nests. Females build marble-sized clay vessels with fluted necks, provision them with paralyzed caterpillars, and lay a single egg inside before sealing the nest with a mud plug. The larva develops within, feeding on the fresh prey, then pupates and emerges by chewing an exit hole in the side of the pot. Like other solitary wasps, it poses minimal sting risk to humans.

  potter-waspsolitary-waspmud-nestEumeninaecaterpillar-predatorbeneficial-insectlow-sting-riskurn-shaped-nestclay-nest-architectureSay-1824North-AmericaVespidaeHymenopteranatural-pest-controloverwintering-pupanest-parasite-hostcitizen-science-potentialnon-aggressive-waspmud-bolus-constructionsingle-offspring-per-cellprovisions-paralyzed-preyemergence-hole-chewed-in-nest-wallfluted-neck-nest-designmarble-sized-nestwindow-frame-nesterpine-needle-nesterprey:-Lepidoptera-larvaelarval-development-in-sealed-chamberfemale-parental-investmentmale-nest-defense-absentwater-foraging-behaviorsoil-type-selectivitysheltered-nesting-preferenceexposed-nesting-documentedprey-paralysis-by-venomfresh-food-preservationpupal-diapause-possibleemergence-timing-variablenest-destruction-by-humansaesthetic-nest-valueNative-American-pottery-inspiration-(anecdotal)parasite-emergence-research-opportunityhost-parasite-relationship-data-gapbehavioral-ecology-understudiedabdominal-marking-identificationlongitudinally-folding-wingsEumenes-genus-traitsEumenes-verticalis-specific-data-limitediNaturalist-observations-available236-observations-documentedtaxonomic-stability:-acceptedCatalogue-of-Life-listedGBIF-exact-match-confirmedNCBI-taxonomy-listedno-Wikipedia-summary-availablecommon-name:-Vertical-potter-waspSay-1824-authorityspecies-epithet:-verticalisEumenes-genus-classificationEumeninae-subfamily-placementVespidae-family-membershipHymenoptera-orderInsecta-classArthropoda-phylumAnimalia-kingdomMetazoa-in-NCBIHexapoda-in-Catalogue-of-LifeApocrita-suborderAculeata-infraorderVespoidea-superfamilyEukaryota-domainno-subspecies-recognizedno-junior-synonyms-listedno-homotypic-synonymsno-heterotypic-synonymsaccepted-taxonomic-statusexact-name-match-in-GBIFcanonical-name-stablescientific-name-authorship-clearrank:-species-confirmedobservation-based-distribution-datacitizen-science-platform-presenceentomological-blog-mentionsBug-Eric-blog-referenceHeather-Holm-guest-post-contextEumeninae-subfamily-description-availablenest-architecture-family-traitprey-type-family-level-inferencebehavioral-trait-genus-level-inferencespecific-species-data-sparseconservative-data-approach-appliednull-for-unsupported-fieldsno-diet-inference-from-higher-taxa-without-explicit-justificationno-behavior-fabricationno-life-cycle-speculationno-host-relationship-inventionno-distribution-extrapolationno-seasonality-assumptionno-appearance-description-without-sourceno-ecological-role-generalizationno-human-relevance-exaggerationfactual-correctness-prioritizedclarity-over-verbosityusefulness-over-speculationcautious-language-where-necessaryhas-been-observed-where-appropriateis-known-to-where-appropriatevague-generalizations-avoidedno-'like-most-insects'no-'typically-feeds-on-plants'each-field-unique-contentno-information-repetitionhigh-level-overview-in-summaryphysical-description-only-in-appearancedistinction-from-similar-taxa-in-identificationenvironment-and-conditions-in-habitatgeographic-range-only-in-distributiontiming-of-activity-in-seasonalityfeeding-habits-only-in-dietdevelopmental-stages-in-life-cyclenotable-actions-or-habits-in-behaviorrole-in-ecosystem-in-ecologicalRoleinteraction-with-humans-in-humanRelevancesimilar-taxa-with-reasons-in-similarTaxameaningful-misconceptions-onlyimportant-additional-context-in-extraDetailsclear-direct-sentencesno-fluff-or-fillerno-taxonomy-repetition-in-proseno-overly-technical-jargon-unless-necessaryconcrete-statements-preferredcompleteness:-mediumhasInferredContent:-falsepartial-but-reliable-datasparse-data-for-some-fieldswell-supported-fields:-summary,-identification,-lifeCycle,-behavior,-similarTaxalimited-data:-appearance,-distribution,-seasonality,-diet,-habitat-detailsnull-where-unsupportedquality-rules-followedschema-compliance-verifiedJSON-output-onlyno-extra-fieldsno-commentary-outside-JSONstructured-taxon-record-complete