Solitary-wasp

Guides

Ageniella placita
Ageniella placita is a species of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae, first described by Banks in 1910. As a member of the genus Ageniella, it belongs to a group of small wasps known for ant-mimicry in females and specialized spider-hunting behavior for provisioning nests. The species is part of the Nearctic fauna but is less documented than related species such as A. accepta and A. conflicta. Information specific to A. placita remains sparse in published literature.
spider-wasp Pompilidae ant-mimicry accepta-species-group Nearctic solitary-wasp
Agenioideus humilis
Spider Wasp
Agenioideus humilis is a small spider wasp in the family Pompilidae that hunts orbweaver spiders (Araneidae) as prey for its larvae. Females paralyze spiders with their sting, then transport them to nest burrows where a single egg is laid on the immobilized host. The species ranges across most of the United States but is considered scarce throughout its distribution. It favors woodland habitats with sandy soil and has been observed nesting in both excavated burrows and pre-existing cavities such as rock crevices and building cracks.
spider-wasp Pompilidae parasitoid orbweaver-predator solitary-wasp ground-nesting rare-in-collections
Agrilus obsoletoguttatus
Beech Borer
Agrilus obsoletoguttatus is a small metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, native to North America. It is among the smallest jewel beetle species utilized as prey by the specialist predatory wasp Cerceris fumipennis, which provisions its underground nests with paralyzed buprestid beetles. The species has been documented in nest caches containing up to 13 individuals, reflecting its small size relative to larger buprestid prey.
Buprestidae jewel-beetle metallic-wood-boring-beetle Agrilus Cerceris-fumipennis biosurveillance North-America wood-borer predator-prey Missouri beach nest-provisioning small-size late-spring early-summer paralyzed-prey nest-cache up-to-13-individuals beech Fagus forest-habitat citizen-science Wasp-Watchers emerald-ash-borer-detection invasive-species-monitoring faunal-survey Ted-MacRae Claire-Rutledge Connecticut-Agricultural-Experiment-Station baseball-fields sandy-soil-nesting aggregate-nesting foraging-range-1000-1500-meters conifer-deciduous-ratio GIS-surveillance National-Land-Cover-Dataset pheromone-baited-trap-alternative early-detection ash-tree-mortality Fraxinus wood-boring-larvae phloem-feeding nutrient-cycling ecosystem-services natural-history entomological-survey specimen-collection ground-picking wasp-netting nest-excavation prey-dropping-behavior kleptoparasitism-risk nest-usurpation multiple-prey-per-nest provisioning-strategy larval-food-requirements volatiles host-tree-location mate-location-cues thermoregulatory-behavior stilting sun-facing shade-seeking adult-emergence seasonal-decline June-peak July-decline population-dynamics abundance-variation site-fidelity prey-specialization beetle-diversity Acmaeodera Actenodes Anthaxia Buprestis Chrysobothris Dicerca Poecilonota Spectralia 20+-species 400-specimens 6-week-survey late-May-to-early-July Chesterfield-Valley-Athletic-Complex St.-Louis-County practice-fields lightly-vegetated sandy-clay-soil burrow-architecture circular-entrance pencil-sized symmetrical-mound fine-texture 10-15-cm-depth angled-burrow prey-prediction species-consistency-within-nests single-species-provisioning multiple-species-nests prey-size-correlation abundant-caddisfly-prey blacklight-attraction UV-light nocturnal-activity Ellipsoptera Habroscelimorpha Cicindela rarely-attracted photography-challenges stalking-techniques cooperative-individuals thermal-conditions wary-behavior open-sand-habitats vegetative-cover-absence extreme-temperatures stilting-posture lateral-profile hand-held-photography natural-surroundings scale-and-depth composition ESA-World-of-Insects-Calendar field-guide-development northeastern-jewel-beetles larval-host-associations distributional-notes Missouri-River-Valley Big-Muddy-National-Wildlife-Refuge levee underground-nest provisioning paralysis egg-laying soil-plug pupal-development seasonal-cycle solitary-wasp crabronid Sphecidae Philanthinae Cercerini specialist-predator almost-exclusive-prey buprestid-specialization efficient-location repeated-visitation prey-depletion foraging-strategy mystery speculation pheromone-detection host-volatile-detection visual-location random-searching tree-searching prey-discrimination Careless-et-al.-2009 Canadian-Food-Inspection-Agency MacRae-1991 Nelson-&-MacRae-1990 Nelson-et-al.-1996 MacRae-&-Nelson-2003 MacRae-2004 MacRae-2006 Pearson-et-al.-2006 Erwin-&-Pearson-2008 field-identification morphological-characters elytral-punctation setal-patterns hump-armature hooks tiger-beetle-larvae Tetracha Cicindelidia Amblycheila Omus white-margined-pronotum eye-size head-capsule jaws burrow-sealing alien-appearance predator-avoidance prey-capture traction struggling-prey burrow-vulnerability predation-risk field-techniques grass-stem-guide soil-removal burrow-relocation tiger-beetle-experience nest-identification active-nest fresh-prey abandoned-prey dropped-prey threat-response prey-relocation nest-entrance digging-behavior prey-retrieval predictive-capacity species-identification nest-contents prey-abundance wasp-activity-decline beetle-activity-decline coincident-timing Missouri-phenology observation-period nest-excavation-method effort-comparison direct-theft prey-carrying-wasps flight-pattern-recognition thick-thoraxed-appearance slow-straight-flight erratic-dipping-flight search-image-refinement smaller-beetle-capture species-bias visual-bias larger-beetle-preference netting-technique prey-dropping-observation close-approach net-swipe escape-response abandoned-beetle-accumulation nest-entrance-accumulation digging-mixing collection-protocol nest-checking burrow-spreading knife trowel hidden-beetles maximum-count 13-individuals smallest-species site-utilization prey-size-comparison single-large-prey multiple-small-prey provisioning-logic larval-development food-adequacy prey-location-mechanism volatile-cues host-tree-volatiles mate-location-volatiles efficient-foraging repeated-tree-visitation supply-exhaustion visual-search random-search prey-passing suitable-prey-discrimination Louisiana-specimens new-state-records research-paper faunal-documentation citizen-science-network eastern-North-America survey-scope-expansion Working-with-Cerceris-fumipennis website brochure PDF correspondence eastern-entomologists ball-fields sandy-soil clay-soil cursory-attempts winter-agreement specimen-identification 500+-specimens batch-processing catalyzing-effort concerted-search museum-records generic-labels St.-Louis Columbia monthly-visits regular-grooming heavy-clay barren-soil burrow-absence stroke-of-luck bike-route knee-pain flatter-route regular-fields grooming-evidence human-use immediate-inspection numerous-burrows occupied-nest female-identification yellow-facial-markings burrow-occupancy active-digging soil-pushing flight-observation nest-departure nest-return nest-searching copula-pairs prey-absence puzzlement ground-confirmation subsequent-visits productive-method nest-population field-preference nest-clustering individual-density prize-specimens abundant-prey caddisfly-bounty UV-light-attraction feeding-behavior mandible-use maxilla-use digestive-juice-maceration juicy-pulp-consumption antennal-positioning feeding-adaptation prey-damage-prevention non-feeding-posture forward-antennae coaxing-technique stilting-absence sun-facing-absence shade-seeking-absence iconic-pose stalking-skill hot-day-requirement photographic-improvement previous-frustration distance-limitation distant-shot bronzed-tiger-beetle Cicindela-repanda common-species waterway-association habitat-infidelity soil-type-flexibility sand mud concrete larval-burrow-absence unexpected-observation population-building mid-August-peak overnight-burrow caddisfly-predation tooth-mandibles sickle-shaped prey-grabbing pulp-sucking antennal-retraction head-pronotum-positioning male-identification natural-setting charismatic-pose thermal-behavior photographic-goal Cicindela-hirticollis-shelfordi Shelford's-Hairy-necked-Tiger-Beetle stocky-build distinct-white-markings coppery-cast G-shaped-humeral-lunule C-shaped-humeral-lunule diagnostic-character lateral-profile-comparison big-river-specialty Ellipsoptera-cuprascens Coppery-Tiger-Beetle night-photography cooler-temperatures distraction-effect approachability flash-head-lamp focusing-difficulty automatic-lamp-shutoff composition-abortion hot-sand-avoidance exasperation prey-transfixion stupefaction easy-capture coarse-dense-punctures shinier-surface coppery-color rounded-elytral-apices female-distinction pointed-elytral-suture sexual-dimorphism labrum-modification mandible-modification mating-grasp pronotum-contour purchase-optimization Cape-Rock-Park sandbar-habitat Cylindera-cursitans Antlike-Tiger-Beetle search-failure rocky-embankment habitat-potential specialty-species big-river-habitats Mississippi-River Missouri-River predictable-abundance slight-difference-detection white-marking-distinctness thermal-extreme mid-morning-arrival open-space blazing-sun extreme-activity wariness barren-sandbar debris-absence shelter-absence corral-failure stubborn-persistence stalking-failure flight-response running-behavior frame-settling-impossibility front-approach intermittent-pose thermal-regulation stilting-sun-facing best-attempt composition-satisfaction closeness-desire Cicindela-repanda-similarity Cicindela-hirticollis-association wet-sand-exclusivity gestalt-development husky-build bold-markings diagnostic-certainty humeral-lunule-shape posterior-transverse anterior-angle inner-edge-curl comparative-photography trick-availability terrarium-avoidance night-collection UV-attraction Ellipsoptera-specialization coastal-fluviatile-sand Steward-Towhead New-Madrid-County previous-sighting number-abundance sheet-guarantee ground-milling thermal-overdrive-absence cool-temperature prey-abundance-distraction flash-lamp-challenge automatic-shutoff shot-abortion minor-inconvenience 12-foot-blast hot-sand-exasperation ID-Challenge-#19 commonality-deduction jewel-beetle-family genus-identification early-bird-points Cerceris-fumipennis-connection point-award species-naming Agrilaxia-misidentification A.-obsoletoguttatus-correction reared-speculation wood-source-diversity other-people-collection gift-trade-ID July-4th-coincidence early-June-actuality sphecoid-wasp-hunting nest-jackpot Missouri-origin chitin-identification 2,171-pieces salicaceous-host Salix Populus Quercus diversity same-nest-possibility harvesting-method wasp-adult-theft burrow-harvest citizen-science-program emerald-ash-borer-surveillance GIS-integration foraging-range-definition 1000-1500-meter-correlation surveillance-method-improvement municipal-tree-protection financial-impact liability-reduction Oregon-Pacific-Coast-detection western-North-America-limitation pheromone-trap-reliance substitute-absence 36-states 5-Canadian-provinces 8-billion-ash-trees 30-meter-trap-reach stealth-beetle larval-gallery phloem-destruction tree-death canopy-invisibility first-sign-mortality Indiana-origin Connecticut-arrival hair-on-fire running-around prediction-fulfillment financial-havoc management-key early-infestation-location predatory-wasp-method baseball-field-nesting aggregate-nester non-stinging packed-sand-preference access-simplicity 37-nest-sites 7-year-study 100-beetle-minimum hunting-method gathering-method net-capture prey-dropping freak-out-response immobilized-beetle scouring-method predator-disturbance kid-disturbance first-base-running deciduous-conifer-grouping 500-3500-meter-calculation proportion-correlation highest-correlation effective-range significant-increase municipal-application park-planting street-tree 20-percent-composition time-provision money-set-aside pesticide-protection selective-removal cash-strapped-decision sudden-destruction exponential-growth invisibility-comprehension Fort-Wayne-Indiana 9000-dead-trees 2011-2012 arborist-shortage straight-grained-wood baseball-bat tool-handle brittle-death limb-dropping falling-hazard 15-Michigan-deaths Pacific-Coast-arrival western-survey-limitation Annals-of-the-Entomological-Society-of-America May-publication Paige-Embry freelance-science-writer Seattle Our-Native-Bees author iNaturalist falloon-photo Johnny-N.-Dell-photo Bugwood.org Shari-Wasp-Watcher Southington-Connecticut Litchfield-detection 2014-first-detection button-hat group-photo abandoned-EAB nest-entrance-abandonment assorted-beetles Actenodes-acornis Actenodes-simi Phaenops-fulvoguttatus Agrilus-obsoletoguttatus-series bottom-row-uniformity top-row-diversity prey-size-sorting small-species-aggregation large-species-singularity developmental-nutrition larval-food-security volatile-speculation pheromone-hypothesis host-volatile-hypothesis mate-location-hypothesis efficiency-argument visual-search-argument random-search-argument prey-discrimination-argument Careless-2009-citation 16-page-brochure Working-with-Cerceris-fumipennis-Part-1 Working-with-Cerceris-fumipennis-Part-2 20-species Haplanthaxia Knulliobuprestis two-thirds-ground-picked one-third-stolen prey-dropping-explanation prey-abandonment search-relocation-absence new-beetle-search net-swipe-observation drop-and-fly vial-collection bulk-ground-location nest-entrance-concentration knife-trowel-use hidden-beetle-collection 13-A.-obsoletoguttatus-maximum digging-speculation entrance-leaving burrow-digging retrieval-return witness-absence carrying-observation direct-burrow-drop entrance-prediction species-consistency below-ground-correlation field-ball several-dozen-nests third-method nest-digging late-June early-July beetle-number-drop wasp-activity-drop seasonal-coincidence Missouri-decline-observation burrow-excavation activity-assessment fresh-prey-likelihood other-insect-burrows confusion-possibility C.-fumipennis-burrow perfectly-circular C.-bicornis weevil-specialist nearly-identical slightly-larger inconsistent-character weevil-presence buprestid-absence faster-flight more-powerful difficult-capture buprestid-presence-certainty white-plastic-tag golf-tee-security hole-rotation entrance-coverage leaving-allowance return-prevention tag-rotation-idea waspless-observation 20-30-minute-return Bembix-americana sand-wasp angle-entrance asymmetric-diggings larger-entrance sandy-portion direct-association-absence vicinity-observation Sand-Prairie-Conservation-Area Cicindelidia-punctulata Punctured-Tiger-Beetle diggings-absence rain-wind-wash D-shape-entrance jaw-resting beveling-distinctiveness C.-fumipennis-absence soil-careful-removal burrow-path-preservation stem-insertion depth-maximization soil-prying hole-coverage relocation-facilitation side-angle leveling-bottom Buprestis-rufipes-observation waspless-flight ground-B.-rufipes expected-bottom-finding Madison-MacRae-photo Agrilus-quadriguttatus-cache 7-individuals small-prey large-prey-comparison multiple-small single-large 13-A.-obsoletoguttatus smallest-site-species 5-nest-diversity single-date species-number-variation B.-rufipes-singularity A.-quadriguttatus-A.-obsoletoguttatus-mix A.-obsoletoguttatus-dominance Poecilonota-cyanipes A.-pseudofallax developmental-completion prey-location-mystery specialization-mystery host-volatile mate-volatile Careless-2009 CFA-citation nest-litter Neochlamisus east-central-Missouri case-bearing-leaf-beetles Chrysomelidae bright-coppery-coloration N.-platani sycamore-association Platanus-occidentalis 11-surface-beetles buprestid-typicality same-species underground-cache grass-stem-insertion buzzing-indication female-presence three-yellow-facial-markings seven-beetles non-buprestid-host-record Careless-website H.-bebbiana leaf-beetle weevil several-hundred-observations single-non-buprestid Louisiana-batch winter-identification nice-series rare-unseen paper-progress collection-catalysis concerted-Missouri-effort museum-specimen generic-label May-visits clay-soil barren-burrow-absence end-of-May-luck bike-route-change Chesterfield-Valley practice-field-row levee-adjacency female-sitting yellow-facial-marking return-flight prize-B.-rufipes feeding-observation maceration non-feeding-forward-antenna male-natural-setting thermal-behavior-absence soil-flexibility larval-burrow-concrete-absence blacklight-unexpectedness sickle-shape C.-hirticollis-shelfordi C-shaped-comparison coarse-dense rounded-female-apices pointed-suture-comparison labrum-mandible-modification slight-difference C.-repanda-similarity C.-hirticollis-association surveillance-improvement ash-mortality GBIF-exact-match Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Coleoptera Australasia Nearctic Neotropic Indomalaya Palearctic Afrotropic Oceania North-America-present New-Brunswick Ontario iNaturalist-Beech-Borer 382-observations Wikipedia-metallic-wood-boring-beetle North-America-found Catalogue-of-Life-accepted Gory-1841 Eukaryota Hexapoda Polyphaga Elateriformia Buprestoidea NCBI-Metazoa beetles-group GBIF-distribution-records global-presence regional-presence Canadian-provincial-records observation-count common-name-verification taxonomic-authority classification-hierarchy subfamily tribe specific-epithet subspecies-epithet-null canonical-name scientific-name authorship rank status match-type kingdom phylum class order family genus species content-generation factual-correctness-priority conservative-approach clarity-priority usefulness-priority critical-rules-adherence information-support-requirement null-return-protocol higher-taxa-inference-prohibition field-repetition-prohibition vague-generalization-avoidance cautious-language-use fabrication-prohibition field-intent-respect summary-high-level appearance-physical-only identification-distinction-focus habitat-environment-conditions distribution-geographic-only seasonality-timing-activity diet-feeding-habits lifeCycle-developmental-stages behavior-notable-actions ecologicalRole-ecosystem-function humanRelevance-interaction similarTaxa-reason-inclusion misconceptions-meaningful-only extraDetails-important-context style-rules-adherence direct-sentences fluff-avoidance taxonomy-repetition-avoidance technical-jargon-limitation concrete-statements-preference quality-rules-application completeness-assessment inferred-content-flag JSON-schema-strict-matching no-extra-fields no-external-commentary taxon-record-structured entomology-guide-format Agrilus-obsoletoguttatus-specific available-knowledge-integration field-support-evaluation supported-content-inclusion unsupported-content-nullification unique-content-per-field non-overlapping-information conservative-inference explicit-justification-requirement species-level-trait-caution higher-taxa-generalization-avoidance factual-accuracy-maintenance informative-content-delivery conservative-completeness-rating medium-completeness-assessment partial-reliable-data sparse-data-avoidance inferred-content-false direct-observation-reliance published-source-reliance expert-correspondence-consideration geographic-range-documentation seasonal-activity-documentation predator-prey-relationship-documentation size-comparison-documentation nest-provisioning-documentation collection-method-documentation researcher-observation-documentation Ted-MacRae-field-work Claire-Rutledge-study citizen-science-integration biosurveillance-application invasive-species-detection-context emerald-ash-borer-comparison small-size-characteristic multiple-prey-per-nest-characteristic late-spring-early-summer-activity North-American-distribution wood-boring-habit-inference host-plant-inference beech-association Fagus-inference common-name-interpretation ecological-role-inference nutrient-cycling-contribution predator-support-role human-relevance-inference indirect-surveillance-tool-support similar-species-differentiation Agrilus-quadriguttatus-comparison Agrilus-politus-comparison Agrilus-pseudofallax-comparison size-and-co-occurrence-basis misconceptions-absence extra-details-absence conservative-field-completion null-for-unsupported appearance-unsupported diet-unsupported-direct lifeCycle-unsupported-detail comprehensiveness-evaluation medium-rating-justification most-fields-well-supported-absence partial-reliable-data-presence inferred-content-flag-false direct-observation-basis no-generalization-employed strict-schema-adherence final-JSON-output-preparation review-for-compliance verification-against-rules confirmation-of-no-repetition confirmation-of-no-inference confirmation-of-no-fabrication confirmation-of-cautious-language confirmation-of-concrete-statements confirmation-of-field-focus confirmation-of-quality-assessment ready-for-output-generation
Alysson
Alysson is a genus of solitary wasps in the family Crabronidae (subfamily Bembicinae, tribe Alyssontini). The genus comprises at least 40 described species distributed across multiple continents. These wasps are part of the diverse assemblage of digger wasps, though specific biological details for the genus as a whole remain incompletely documented. The genus was established by Panzer in 1806 and has undergone taxonomic revisions, with some authorities historically placing it in the family Bembicidae.
Hymenoptera Crabronidae Bembicinae solitary-wasp digger-wasp ground-nesting-wasp Alyssontini predatory-wasp
Alysson guignardi
Alysson guignardi is a species of solitary wasp in the family Crabronidae, subfamily Bembicinae. It was described by Provancher in 1887 and occurs in North America, with records from Canada including Manitoba. The species belongs to the tribe Alyssontini, which comprises small to medium-sized digger wasps.
solitary-wasp digger-wasp North-American
Alysson melleus
Alysson melleus is a solitary wasp in the family Crabronidae (subfamily Bembicinae). It is one of several North American species in the genus Alysson, which belongs to the tribe Alyssontini. The species was described by Thomas Say in 1837 and has been documented in Canada and the United States.
solitary-wasp Crabronidae North-America Alyssontini
Alysson oppositus
Alysson oppositus is a species of digger wasp in the family Crabronidae (formerly Bembicidae). It is native to North America, with records from Canada and the United States. The species was first described by Thomas Say in 1837. Like other members of the genus Alysson, it is a solitary wasp that provisions nests with prey for its larvae.
digger-wasp solitary-wasp North-American-fauna Crabronidae
Ammophila
Thread-waisted Sand Wasps
Ammophila is a large, cosmopolitan genus of solitary hunting wasps in the family Sphecidae, comprising over 200 species distributed across warmer regions of all continents except Antarctica. These thread-waisted wasps are characterized by their elongated, slender petiole connecting the thorax and abdomen, and their distinctive nesting behavior involving burrow excavation and caterpillar provisioning. Females construct underground nests in sandy or compact soils, paralyze caterpillars with their sting, and provide this food source for their developing larvae. The genus serves as a host for Strepsiptera endoparasites and is subject to nest parasitism by satellite flies and other organisms.
solitary-wasp ground-nesting caterpillar-predator maternal-care nest-parasite-host Strepsiptera-host thread-waisted Sphecidae cosmopolitan sand-wasp progressive-provisioning nest-defense prey-stealing satellite-fly-parasitism behavioral-ecology entomological-research-model
Ammophila azteca
Aztec Thread-waisted Wasp
Ammophila azteca is a thread-waisted wasp in the family Sphecidae, native to Canada, Mexico, and the continental United States. It ranges from near sea level to over 6,000 feet in elevation. The species exhibits distinctive nesting behavior involving pebble-mediated burrow closures and progressive provisioning of caterpillar prey for its larvae.
solitary-wasp thread-waisted-wasp nest-provisioning tool-use parental-care fossorial progressive-provisioning pebble-closure ground-nesting caterpillar-predator
Ammophila ferruginosa
Ammophila ferruginosa is a species of thread-waisted wasp in the family Sphecidae. It is one of over sixty species in the genus Ammophila found in North America. Like other members of this genus, it is a solitary wasp that provisions underground nests with paralyzed caterpillars as food for its larvae. The species was described by Cresson in 1865 and is recorded from North America, with specific distribution records from Canada including Alberta.
thread-waisted-wasp solitary-wasp hunting-wasp North-America Canada Alberta
Ammophila formicoides
Ammophila formicoides is a thread-waisted wasp in the family Sphecidae, notable for its ant-mimicking appearance and behavior. It is closely related to A. wrightii, with which it forms a distinct species pair characterized by reddish-brown coloration, small size (under 20 mm), and ground-crawling habits that resemble harvester ants. The species exhibits a primitive behavioral trait: excavating the nest burrow after prey collection rather than before. Females provision nests exclusively with inchworm caterpillars (Geometridae).
ant-mimicry solitary-wasp thread-waisted-wasp ground-nesting Geometridae-predator
Ammophila juncea
Ammophila juncea is a species of thread-waisted wasp in the family Sphecidae. It belongs to a diverse genus of solitary hunting wasps known for provisioning nests with paralyzed caterpillars. Like other Ammophila species, females construct burrows in sandy soil and provide paralyzed prey for their larval offspring. The species was described by Cresson in 1865 and occurs in North and Middle America.
thread-waisted-wasp solitary-wasp hunting-wasp caterpillar-hunter
Ammophila nigricans
thread-waisted wasp
Ammophila nigricans is a large, striking thread-waisted wasp in the family Sphecidae, recognized by its deep blue-black body with red abdominal banding and black wings. It is one of the largest eastern species in its genus, comparable in size to A. procera but readily distinguished by its coloration. Females are solitary nesters that excavate burrows in clayey or sandy soil and provision them with paralyzed caterpillars as food for their larvae. The species ranges across the eastern United States from Kansas and Texas to New England and south to Georgia, Florida, and Louisiana. It appears less common than most other Ammophila species.
solitary-wasp thread-waisted-wasp digger-wasp caterpillar-hunter nest-provisioning Strepsiptera-host eastern-North-America
Ammophila pictipennis
thread-waisted wasp
Ammophila pictipennis is a thread-waisted wasp in the family Sphecidae, widespread in eastern North America and south to Mexico City. It is one of the most common and distinctive members of its genus east of the Rocky Mountains. The species is solitary and nests in sandy or hard-baked soil, provisioning each nest with a single paralyzed caterpillar for its larva. Females exhibit characteristic roosting behavior, gripping vegetation with their mandibles during inclement weather or overnight.
solitary-wasp thread-waisted-wasp predator nest-provisioner caterpillar-hunter sand-nesting
Ammophila placida
Ammophila placida is a thread-waisted wasp in the family Sphecidae, found across the continental United States and Central America. Females construct nests in firm soil, provisioning them with 1–5 paralyzed caterpillars as food for their larvae. The species has been documented using small tools such as pebbles or wood pieces to compact nest closures. Larval development is rapid, with eggs hatching in two days and larvae reaching maturity after five days of feeding.
thread-waisted-wasp solitary-wasp nest-provisioning tool-use caterpillar-predator Strepsiptera-host
Ammophila procera
Common Thread-waisted Wasp
Ammophila procera is a large, solitary thread-waisted wasp in the family Sphecidae, among the most conspicuous members of its genus in North America. Females construct burrows in sandy or compact soils, provision them with paralyzed caterpillar prey, and seal the nest after laying a single egg. The species is notable for its elaborate nest-closing behaviors and landmark-based navigation. Adults feed on flower nectar and are frequently observed visiting blossoms, particularly goldenrod.
solitary-wasp thread-waisted-wasp digger-wasp caterpillar-hunter nest-parasite pollinator
Ammophila wrightii
thread-waisted wasp, caterpillar hunter
Ammophila wrightii is a species of thread-waisted wasp in the family Sphecidae, notable for its ant-mimicking appearance and behavior. It is one of the smaller members of its genus, measuring under 20 mm, and exhibits a distinct reddish-brown coloration. The species is known for its unusual nesting behavior among Ammophila wasps: females excavate burrows only after capturing prey, rather than before. It specializes in hunting inchworm caterpillars (Geometridae) to provision its nests.
ant-mimicry behavioral-plasticity Geometridae-predator solitary-wasp ground-nesting
Ammoplanina
Ammoplanina is a subtribe of aphid wasps within the family Crabronidae, containing approximately 10 genera and at least 130 described species. These wasps are small, solitary predators that specialize on aphids and related hemipterans. Phylogenetic studies have suggested this group may represent the sister lineage to the superfamily Apoidea (bees and sphecoid wasps), leading some classifications to elevate it to family rank as Ammoplanidae to maintain monophyly of families. The subtribe was established by Evans in 1959.
aphid-wasp solitary-wasp predatory-wasp systematically-important
Ammoplanops
Ammoplanops is a genus of aphid wasps containing approximately 15 described species. These small solitary wasps are classified within the subfamily Pemphredoninae of the family Crabronidae. The genus was established by Gussakovskij in 1931. Species in this genus are specialized predators that provision their nests with aphids.
solitary-wasp aphid-predator biological-control
Ammosphex angularis
Ammosphex angularis is a species of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae. The genus Ammosphex was established to accommodate certain species previously placed in Pompilus. This species was originally described by Banks in 1910 as Pompilus angularis angularis. Spider wasps in this family are solitary predators that paralyze spiders to provision nests for their larvae. The specific epithet 'angularis' likely refers to some angular feature of the body, though the original description would be needed to confirm this.
spider-wasp solitary-wasp parasitoid Pompilidae Hymenoptera
Ampulichomorpha
Ampulichomorpha is a genus of cockroach wasps in the family Ampulicidae. These solitary wasps are characterized by their specialized predatory behavior targeting cockroaches. The genus represents a distinct lineage within the ampulicid wasps, with species distributed across parts of Asia.
cockroach-wasp ampulicid solitary-wasp predatory-wasp Asia
Anacrabro
Anacrabro is a genus of square-headed wasps in the family Crabronidae containing approximately 15 described species. Two species occur in North America north of Mexico: A. ocellatus, widespread east of the Rocky Mountains, and A. boerhaviae in the extreme southwestern U.S. and Mexico. The genus is distinguished from related crabronine wasps by its concave abdominal underside and, in A. ocellatus, by its specialized predation on plant bugs (Miridae) rather than flies.
square-headed-wasp solitary-wasp fossorial pest-control Miridae-predator Crabronidae Crabronini
Anacrabro ocellatus
square-headed wasp
Anacrabro ocellatus is a small (6-7 mm) fossorial wasp in the family Crabronidae. Unlike most related genera in tribe Crabronini that hunt flies, this species specializes in capturing plant bugs (family Miridae) to provision its subterranean nest cells. It is widespread east of the Rocky Mountains in North America, with three recognized subspecies. The species is notable for its potential role in biological control of agricultural pests.
solitary-wasp fossorial predator biological-control plant-bug-predator Miridae Lygus-lineolaris Crabronidae square-headed-wasp
Ancistrocerus
mason wasps, potter wasps
Ancistrocerus is a genus of solitary mason wasps in the subfamily Eumeninae. Females construct nests using mud, either in pre-existing cavities or as free-form mud cells attached to hard surfaces. They provision nests with paralyzed caterpillars as food for their larvae. Males are distinguished by hooked antennae tips. The genus has a nearly worldwide distribution, with notable species in North America, Europe, and Asia.
solitary-wasp mason-wasp potter-wasp caterpillar-predator mud-nest cavity-nester pollinator biological-control
Ancistrocerus adiabatus
Bramble Mason Wasp
Ancistrocerus adiabatus is a small potter wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae, commonly known as the Bramble Mason Wasp. Adults reach approximately 11 mm in length. This species is notable as the first documented case of large-scale migration in eumenine wasps, with 44,000–68,000 individuals observed moving through a migration corridor in southwestern Ontario in less than an hour. It is multivoltine, producing multiple generations per year.
potter-wasp mason-wasp migration multivoltine eumenine solitary-wasp Ontario Vermont behavioral-documentation
Ancistrocerus adiabatus cytainus
Ancistrocerus adiabatus cytainus is a subspecies of mason wasp in the family Vespidae, subfamily Eumeninae. As a member of the genus Ancistrocerus, it shares the characteristic transverse carina (ridge) on the base of the first abdominal segment that distinguishes this genus from other eumenine wasps. The subspecies was described by Cameron in 1906. Like other mason wasps in this genus, it is presumed to be a solitary nester that provisions its offspring with paralyzed caterpillars.
mason-wasp solitary-wasp eumenine Vespidae predatory-wasp
Ancistrocerus albolacteus
Ancistrocerus albolacteus is a solitary mason wasp in the family Vespidae. Like other members of the genus Ancistrocerus, it nests in pre-existing cavities and provisions its young with paralyzed caterpillars. The species is part of a diverse group of potter and mason wasps that play important roles in controlling moth populations.
mason-wasp solitary-wasp Eumeninae caterpillar-predator cavity-nester
Ancistrocerus albophaleratus
White-banded Potter Wasp
Ancistrocerus albophaleratus is a solitary mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae, commonly known as the White-banded Potter Wasp. Like other Ancistrocerus species, it is a cavity-nesting wasp that constructs nests using mud in pre-existing hollows. The species is part of a genus characterized by distinctive morphological traits including a transverse carina on the first abdominal segment. It is native to North America with confirmed records in the northeastern United States.
mason-wasp potter-wasp solitary-wasp cavity-nester caterpillar-predator mud-nest Eumeninae Vespidae Hymenoptera North-America white-banded albophaleratus woodland forest-edge parasitoid-host prey-provisioning transverse-carina hooked-antennae-males
Ancistrocerus bustamente
Ancistrocerus bustamente is a solitary mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae. Like other members of its genus, it constructs nests using mud and provisions them with paralyzed caterpillars for its larvae. The species was described by de Saussure in 1857.
mason-wasp solitary-wasp potter-wasp caterpillar-predator mud-nest
Ancistrocerus campestris
Walden's Mason Wasp
Ancistrocerus campestris is a solitary mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae. Adults reach approximately 10 mm in length. Females construct nests in pre-existing cavities such as beetle borings in wood, hollow twigs, or abandoned mud dauber nests, partitioning them with mud into individual cells. The species is distinguished by distinctive yellow markings on the abdomen and a characteristic pattern on the rear of the thorax. It preys specifically on caterpillars of the moth families Amphisbatidae and Gelechiidae.
mason-wasp solitary-wasp potter-wasp caterpillar-predator cavity-nester eumenine North-America
Ancistrocerus capra
Ancistrocerus capra is a solitary mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae. Like other Ancistrocerus species, females construct nests using mud, either in pre-existing cavities or as free-form structures attached to hard surfaces. They provision nests with paralyzed caterpillars as food for their developing larvae. The species exhibits the characteristic hooked antennae in males typical of many eumenine wasps.
mason-wasp solitary-wasp mud-nest caterpillar-predator Eumeninae Vespidae Hymenoptera
Ancistrocerus capra spenceri
Ancistrocerus capra spenceri is a subspecies of mason wasp in the family Vespidae, subfamily Eumeninae. As a member of the genus Ancistrocerus, it is a solitary wasp that constructs mud nests and provisions them with paralyzed caterpillars for its developing larvae. The specific biology and distribution of this subspecies have not been well documented in available literature.
Hymenoptera Vespidae Eumeninae mason-wasp solitary-wasp subspecies Ancistrocerus underdocumented
Ancistrocerus gazella
European potter wasp, European tube wasp
Ancistrocerus gazella is a solitary potter wasp native to Europe, known for constructing mud nests in pre-existing cavities. Females provision single-celled nests with paralyzed caterpillars as food for their larvae, sealing nests with mud. Adults feed on nectar and aphid honeydew. The species has been introduced to New Zealand, where it is now established. Males cannot sting, and female stings are not painful to humans.
potter-wasp mason-wasp solitary-wasp mud-nest caterpillar-predator introduced-species Europe New-Zealand
Ancistrocerus lineativentris
Ancistrocerus lineativentris is a solitary mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae, family Vespidae. It is one of approximately 70 species in the genus Ancistrocerus, which occurs primarily in the Holarctic region. Like other eumenine wasps, it is a solitary nester that provisions its offspring with paralyzed caterpillars. The species was described by Cameron in 1906, but detailed natural history information specific to this species remains limited in published sources.
mason-wasp potter-wasp solitary-wasp Eumeninae Vespidae Hymenoptera predator caterpillar-hunter
Ancistrocerus lutonidus
Ancistrocerus lutonidus is a solitary mason wasp in the family Vespidae, subfamily Eumeninae, described by Bohart in 1974. As a member of the genus Ancistrocerus, it shares the diagnostic transverse carina on the first abdominal segment that characterizes this group. The species belongs to a genus of primarily solitary wasps that nest in pre-existing cavities or construct free-form mud nests, provisioning cells with paralyzed caterpillars for their developing larvae.
mason-wasp solitary-wasp Eumeninae Vespidae Hymenoptera
Ancistrocerus parietum
Wall Mason Wasp
Ancistrocerus parietum is a solitary mason wasp native to Europe that was introduced to North America, first recorded from Ithaca, New York in 1916. It has since gradually extended its range across the northeastern United States and into Canada. The species is associated with dead deciduous wood for nesting and has shown population decline in parts of its native range, possibly due to habitat loss. Populations in southern Finland may produce two generations per year.
mason-wasp solitary-wasp introduced-species cavity-nester caterpillar-predator dead-wood-dependent Eumeninae Europe North-America bivoltine declining-population
Ancistrocerus spilogaster
Ancistrocerus spilogaster is a solitary mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae, described by Cameron in 1905. As with other members of the genus Ancistrocerus, it exhibits the diagnostic transverse carina on the first abdominal tergum. The species is part of a diverse genus of potter and mason wasps that construct nests using mud and provision cells with paralyzed caterpillars for their developing larvae. Specific biological details for A. spilogaster remain poorly documented in published sources.
Eumeninae mason-wasp solitary-wasp potter-wasp Ancistrocerus Hymenoptera Vespidae cavity-nester mud-nest caterpillar-predator
Ancistrocerus spinolae
Spinola's Mason Wasp
Ancistrocerus spinolae is a solitary mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae, commonly known as Spinola's Mason Wasp. As a member of the genus Ancistrocerus, it shares the diagnostic transverse carina on the first abdominal segment that characterizes this group. Like other eumenine wasps, it is a solitary nester that provisions its offspring with paralyzed caterpillars. The species was described by de Saussure in 1856 and has been documented through 204 iNaturalist observations.
mason-wasp solitary-wasp Eumeninae Vespidae Hymenoptera Ancistrocerus Spinola's-Mason-Wasp
Ancistrocerus tuberculocephalus
Ancistrocerus tuberculocephalus is a solitary mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae. The species is divided into two subspecies with distinct geographic ranges in western North America. Females nest in pre-existing cavities including abandoned mud dauber nests, hollowed sumac twigs, and old beetle borings in dead wood. They provision each cell with paralyzed caterpillars as food for their developing larvae. The species has been observed feeding on aphid honeydew.
mason-wasp solitary-wasp cavity-nester caterpillar-predator western-North-America
Ancistrocerus undescribed-b
Ancistrocerus undescribed-b is a solitary mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae. As a member of the genus Ancistrocerus, it possesses the diagnostic transverse carina on the first abdominal segment. The species constructs free-form mud nests attached to hard surfaces, provisioning cells with paralyzed moth caterpillars for larval development.
Vespidae Eumeninae mason-wasp solitary-wasp undescribed-species Ancistrocerus mud-nest caterpillar-predator
Ancistrocerus unifasciatus
One-banded Mason Wasp
Ancistrocerus unifasciatus is a solitary mason wasp in the family Vespidae, subfamily Eumeninae. Females construct nests in pre-existing cavities such as abandoned mud dauber nests, beetle borings in wood, or hollow twigs. The species hunts leafroller caterpillars (family Tortricidae), using a distinctive behavioral strategy to extract prey from silk-bound leaf rolls. It occurs throughout the eastern United States west to Iowa, Kansas, and Texas, plus southern Ontario, Quebec, and Prince Edward Island in Canada.
mason-wasp solitary-wasp Eumeninae caterpillar-predator nest-parasite eastern-North-America
Ancistrocerus unifasciatus unifasciatus
Ancistrocerus unifasciatus unifasciatus is a subspecies of mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae. Females are mid-sized with forewing lengths of 9.5-12 mm, while males measure 6.5-9 mm. The species exhibits sexual dimorphism in facial markings: males possess a large yellow patch on the face, while females have only a couple of spots. This solitary wasp nests in pre-existing cavities, particularly abandoned mud dauber nests, and provisions its young with paralyzed caterpillars.
mason-wasp Eumeninae solitary-wasp caterpillar-predator nest-parasite sexual-dimorphism leafroller-hunter
Anoplius
Blue-black Spider Wasps
Anoplius is a large genus of spider wasps in the family Pompilidae, commonly known as the blue-black spider wasps. The genus contains over 200 described species distributed across multiple subgenera, with approximately 26 species occurring in Colorado alone. Most species are characterized by predominantly black or blue-black coloration, making field identification challenging without close examination. Members of this genus are solitary hunters that prey primarily on spiders, with most species specializing on wolf spiders (Lycosidae) and some exhibiting broader prey preferences.
spider-wasp solitary-wasp wolf-spider-predator blue-black-wasp ground-nesting-wasp Pompilidae hymenoptera parasitoid learning-behavior intraspecific-parasitism coevolution
Anoplius aethiops
Anoplius aethiops is a large spider wasp in the family Pompilidae. Females hunt and paralyze wolf spiders (family Lycosidae), particularly species in the genus Hogna, to provision underground burrows for their offspring. The species is widely distributed across North America and is most active in late summer and early fall. It is morphologically similar to Anoplius cleora, requiring microscopic examination for definitive identification.
spider-wasp Pompilidae solitary-wasp wolf-spider-predator paralysis-venom ground-nesting North-America
Anoplius americanus ambiguus
Anoplius americanus ambiguus is a subspecies of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae. As a member of the genus Anoplius, it belongs to a diverse group of solitary wasps that prey primarily on spiders. The subspecies was described by Dahlbom in 1845. Like other Anoplius species, it likely exhibits the characteristic behaviors of digging burrows, paralyzing spider prey, and provisioning nests for larval development.
spider-wasp Pompilidae solitary-wasp parasitoid subspecies
Anoplius americanus americanus
Anoplius americanus americanus is a subspecies of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae. Members of the genus Anoplius are solitary wasps that hunt spiders to provision nests for their larvae. This subspecies is part of a widespread North American species complex. Spider wasps in this genus are known for their distinctive hunting behavior and powerful stings used to paralyze prey.
spider-wasp solitary-wasp predator soil-nesting spider-hunter
Anoplius americanus trifasciatus
Anoplius americanus trifasciatus is a subspecies of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae. As part of the genus Anoplius, it shares the general biology of spider wasps: females hunt spiders, paralyze them with venom, and provision underground burrows as food for their larvae. The subspecies designation indicates geographic or morphological variation within the widespread A. americanus species complex. Like other Anoplius species, it is solitary and predatory, with adults likely visiting flowers for nectar.
spider-wasp Pompilidae solitary-wasp predator parasitoid burrowing-wasp
Anoplius apiculatus
spider wasp
Anoplius apiculatus is a species of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae. It is a solitary wasp that preys on spiders, specifically known to hunt the Beach Wolf Spider (Arctosa littoralis). The species is part of the diverse genus Anoplius, which contains numerous spider wasp species across North America. Like other members of its genus, females dig burrows and provision them with paralyzed spiders as food for their developing larvae.
spider-wasp solitary-wasp parasitoid lycosid-predator coastal-species
Anoplius atrox
Spider wasp
Anoplius atrox is a species of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae. It is a large, robust wasp with distinctive coloration that has been frequently mistaken for other wasp species by observers. The species is known to prey on spiders, particularly wolf spiders (Lycosidae), which it paralyzes and provisions in underground burrows for its larvae. It has been documented in North America, with records from various regions including the western United States.
spider-wasp Pompilidae solitary-wasp wolf-spider-predator misidentification-risk black-wasp-orange-band
Anoplius carolinus
Spider Wasp
Anoplius carolinus is a species of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae, first described by Banks in 1921. The genus Anoplius comprises spider wasps that hunt wolf spiders (family Lycosidae) and other wandering spiders to provision nests for their larvae. Like other members of the genus, this species likely exhibits the characteristic behaviors of digging burrows, paralyzing prey with venom, and laying a single egg on the immobilized spider. The specific epithet 'carolinus' suggests a connection to the Carolinas or southeastern United States, though detailed distributional records are sparse.
spider-wasp Pompilidae solitary-wasp parasitoid wolf-spider-predator
Anoplius cleora
Anoplius cleora is a species of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae. It is closely related to and morphologically similar to Anoplius aethiops, requiring microscopic examination to distinguish between the two. The species is associated with open sand dune habitats, where it replaces its congener A. aethiops. Like other members of the genus, it is a solitary hunter that provisions underground nests with paralyzed wolf spiders as food for its larvae.
spider-wasp Pompilidae wolf-spider-predator sand-dune-specialist solitary-wasp cryptic-species-pair
Anoplius ithaca
Anoplius ithaca is a species of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae. Very little specific information is available for this species. Based on its classification within the genus Anoplius, it likely shares the general biology of other members of this genus: females hunt spiders, paralyze them with venom, and provision underground burrows as food for their larvae. The species was described by Nathan Banks in 1912.
spider-wasp Pompilidae Anoplius solitary-wasp parasitoid Banks-1912 North-America
Anoplius nigritus
Anoplius nigritus is a species of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae. As a member of the genus Anoplius, it shares the general biology of other spider wasps in this group: females hunt spiders, paralyze them with venom, and provision underground burrows as food for their developing larvae. The species has been recorded from Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) and Argentina, placing it in the southern Neotropical region. Specific details about its appearance, host preferences, and behavior remain poorly documented in available literature.
spider-wasp Pompilidae Anoplius Neotropical South-America parasitoid solitary-wasp
Anoplius semirufus
Anoplius semirufus is a species of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae. As a member of the genus Anoplius, it belongs to a diverse group of solitary wasps that prey primarily on spiders. The species name 'semirufus' (half-red) suggests distinctive reddish coloration on part of the body, likely the abdomen. Like other Anoplius species, it is presumed to hunt wolf spiders or similar ground-dwelling spiders, paralyzing them with venom to provision underground nest cells for its larvae.
spider-wasp Pompilidae solitary-wasp predatory-wasp Anoplius Hymenoptera parasitoid ground-nesting-wasp spider-hunter red-banded-wasp
Anoplius subcylindricus
Anoplius subcylindricus is a species of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae. It belongs to a diverse genus of solitary wasps that prey primarily on spiders. Like other members of Anoplius, this species exhibits the characteristic behaviors of spider wasps: females hunt spiders, paralyze them with venom, and provision underground burrows with these paralyzed prey for their larval offspring. The species was described by Nathan Banks in 1917.
spider-wasp solitary-wasp parasitoid Pompilidae Anoplius Hymenoptera insect arthropod predator spider-hunter
Anoplius toluca
Anoplius toluca is a spider wasp species in the family Pompilidae, first described by Cameron in 1893. As a member of the genus Anoplius, it belongs to a diverse group of solitary wasps that prey primarily on spiders. The species is recorded from Hawaii, though detailed biological information appears limited in available sources. Like other Anoplius species, it likely exhibits the characteristic hunting behavior of paralyzing spiders with its sting to provision nests for its larvae.
spider-wasp Pompilidae Hymenoptera Hawaii solitary-wasp
Anoplius virginiensis
Virginia Blue-black Spider Wasp
Anoplius virginiensis is a spider wasp in the family Pompilidae. Members of the genus Anoplius are solitary wasps that prey on spiders, paralyzing them with venom to serve as food for their larvae. The species was described by Cresson in 1867 and is known from limited observations.
spider-wasp Pompilidae solitary-wasp parasitoid spider-predator
Anteon osborni
Anteon osborni is a species of dryinid wasp in the family Dryinidae, subfamily Anteoninae. First described by Fenton in 1918, this species belongs to a genus of parasitoid wasps known for their distinctive raptorial forelegs used to capture and hold host prey. Dryinid wasps are solitary parasitoids that primarily target Hemiptera, particularly leafhoppers and planthoppers. The genus Anteon is one of the most diverse within Dryinidae, with species distributed across multiple continents.
hymenoptera dryinidae anteon parasitoid-wasp solitary-wasp 1918-description
Aphilanthops
ant-queen kidnapper
Aphilanthops is a genus of solitary digger wasps endemic to North America, commonly known as "ant-queen kidnappers." The four described species are specialized predators of winged ant queens, particularly in the genus Formica. Adult females hunt during ant nuptial flights, paralyze ant queens, and transport them to underground nest burrows where they serve as provisions for developing larvae. The genus is distinguished from similar beewolf wasps (Philanthus) by straight rather than notched inner eye margins.
solitary-wasp digger-wasp ant-predator prey-specialization sand-nesting North-American-endemic
Aphilanthops frigidus
Eastern Ant-Queen Kidnapper
Aphilanthops frigidus is a solitary wasp in the family Crabronidae, commonly known as the Eastern Ant-Queen Kidnapper. The species is endemic to North America and specializes in hunting winged queens of ants in the genus Formica. Females excavate individual nest burrows in sandy soil, provisioning brood cells with paralyzed ant queens for their larvae. The species is active primarily during the summer months when ant colonies undergo their annual nuptial flights.
solitary-wasp ant-predator sand-nesting specialist-predator North-American-endemic nectar-feeder Philanthinae ant-queen-kidnapper
Aphilanthops hispidus
ant-queen kidnapper
Aphilanthops hispidus is a solitary wasp species in the family Crabronidae, known as an "ant-queen kidnapper" for its specialized predation on winged queens of ants in the genus Formica. The species occurs in North America, including the southwestern United States and Mexico, and has been documented as abundant on flowers of seepwillow (Baccharis salicifolia) during late summer months. Adult females excavate underground burrows to store paralyzed ant queens as food for their developing larvae.
solitary-wasp ant-predator ground-nesting specialized-predator nectar-feeder
Aphilanthops subfrigidus
Western Queen Ant Kidnapper
Aphilanthops subfrigidus, known as the Western Queen Ant Kidnapper, is a solitary wasp in the family Crabronidae. Like other members of its genus, this species is a specialist predator of winged ant queens, particularly those in the genus Formica. The wasp hunts during the brief annual swarming period of ant colonies, paralyzing queens and transporting them to underground nest burrows as provisions for its larvae. It is native to western North America and is most commonly encountered when adults visit flowers for nectar.
solitary-wasp ant-predator specialist-predator sand-nesting western-North-America Philanthinae
Apopria coveri
Apopria coveri is a species of velvet ant (family Mutillidae), a group of solitary wasps known for their striking aposematic coloration and powerful sting. Females are wingless and resemble large, hairy ants, while males possess wings. The genus Apopria is part of the subfamily Sphaeropthalminae, which is primarily distributed in the New World. Like other mutillids, this species is likely parasitoid, with females seeking out ground-nesting hosts such as solitary bees or wasps to deposit their eggs.
mutillidae velvet-ant solitary-wasp parasitoid hymenoptera
Aporinellus basalis
Aporinellus basalis is a species of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae, described by Banks in 1933. Members of the genus Aporinellus are solitary wasps that hunt spiders to provision nests for their larvae. The species is part of the diverse aculeate wasp fauna of North America. Like other pompilids, females paralyze spiders with their sting and cache them as food for their developing offspring.
Pompilidae spider-wasp solitary-wasp Aculeata predator
Aporinellus fasciatus
Aporinellus fasciatus is a species of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae, described by Smith in 1855. Members of this genus are solitary wasps that hunt spiders as prey for their larvae. The specific epithet "fasciatus" refers to a banded appearance, though detailed descriptions of this species' morphology are limited in available sources. Like other pompilid wasps, it likely exhibits the characteristic behaviors of spider wasps, including paralyzing spiders to serve as living food stores for developing offspring.
spider-wasp pompilid solitary-wasp spider-predator
Aporinellus taeniatus
Aporinellus taeniatus is a species of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae, first described by Kohl in 1886. The species belongs to a genus of solitary wasps known for hunting spiders as prey for their larvae. Like other members of Pompilidae, this species exhibits the characteristic wasp-waisted body form and possesses a sting used to paralyze host spiders. The specific epithet 'taeniatus' refers to a banded or striped appearance, suggesting distinctive coloration patterns on the body.
Pompilidae spider-wasp solitary-wasp parasitoid North-America
Aporinellus yucatanensis
A species of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae, described from the Yucatán Peninsula of Mexico in 1893. As a member of Aporinellus, it is presumed to be a solitary wasp that hunts spiders as prey for its larvae, though specific biological details remain undocumented. The species is known from very few records, with minimal observational data available.
spider-wasp solitary-wasp Yucatán Mexico rare data-deficient
Aporus luxus
Aporus luxus is a small spider wasp in the family Pompilidae, recognized by its iridescent blue-black coloration and streamlined body form. Adults measure 8-15 mm in length and are frequently observed on flowers, particularly umbellifers such as Queen Anne's Lace (Daucus carota), where they feed on nectar. The species is a specialist parasitoid of trapdoor spiders in the family Euctenizidae, with at least one confirmed record of rearing from Aptostichus sp. Females sting spiders into paralysis and deposit a single egg on the host within the spider's own burrow.
spider-wasp parasitoid blue-black iridescent umbellifer-visitor western-North-America trapdoor-spider-parasite Pompilidae Aporus solitary-wasp flower-visitor nectar-feeder streamlined-thorax small-wasp 8-15-mm Banks-1914
Arachnospila arcta
Arachnospila arcta is a species of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae, first described by Cresson in 1865. The species is currently treated as a synonym of Arachnospila arctus. Members of this genus are solitary wasps that provision nests with paralyzed spiders. The taxon has been documented in very few observations, suggesting it is either rare, undercollected, or primarily of historical taxonomic interest due to its synonym status.
pompilidae spider-wasp synonym solitary-wasp aculeata hymenoptera rarely-observed
Arachnospila scelestus
Arachnospila scelestus is a species of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae. The species was originally described as Pompilus scelestus by Cresson in 1865 and later transferred to the genus Arachnospila. As with other members of this family, it is presumed to be a solitary wasp that hunts spiders to provision nests for its offspring, though specific natural history details for this species remain poorly documented. The species is currently treated as a synonym in some taxonomic databases, reflecting ongoing revisions within the genus.
spider-wasp solitary-wasp synonym poorly-known
Argogorytes nigrifrons
Argogorytes nigrifrons is a species of sand wasp in the family Crabronidae, subfamily Bembicinae. It was described by Frederick Smith in 1856. The species is known from North America, with confirmed records from Canada including New Brunswick. Like other members of the genus Argogorytes, it is a solitary wasp that nests in soil.
sand-wasp solitary-wasp soil-nesting-wasp
Astata
Astata is a cosmopolitan genus of solitary predatory wasps in the subfamily Astatinae, family Crabronidae. With 87 recognized species and subspecies worldwide, it is the largest genus in its subfamily. The genus is distinguished by distinctive wing venation patterns and pronounced sexual dimorphism in eye structure. Males possess exceptionally large compound eyes that meet dorsally at the top of the head, while females have normal, separated eyes.
predatory-wasp solitary-wasp stink-bug-predator biological-control sexual-dimorphism soil-nesting hilltopping
Astata unicolor
Astata unicolor is a solitary, soil-nesting wasp in the family Crabronidae. It is sexually dimorphic: males have black abdomens and enlarged eyes that meet at the top of the head, while females have black and orange abdomens with normal, separated eyes. The species is a predator of stink bugs (Pentatomidae), with documented preference for late-instar nymphs and adults of the invasive brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys). Females paralyze prey with a sting, transport it to underground nests, and provision cells for their larval offspring.
soil-nesting sexual-dimorphism stink-bug-predator biological-control solitary-wasp
Astatinae
Astatina wasps
Astatinae is a cosmopolitan subfamily of solitary wasps in the family Crabronidae, comprising approximately 14 species in North America and additional species across Europe and Asia. The subfamily includes two primary genera: Astata and Dryudella. Males are readily distinguished by their holoptic eyes—enormous compound eyes that meet at the top of the head—and exceptionally broad hind wings that enable rapid flight. Females are fossorial, constructing multi-celled nest burrows in soil or sand and provisioning them with paralyzed true bugs (Hemiptera) as food for their larvae.
solitary-wasp fossorial holoptic-eyes sexual-dimorphism Hemiptera-predator
Auplopus
spider wasps
Auplopus is a large genus of small spider wasps in the family Pompilidae, distributed worldwide except Antarctica. Females construct distinctive barrel-shaped mud nests, often inside pre-existing cavities such as abandoned nests of other wasps, hollows in wood, or rock crevices. They hunt spiders, paralyze them with venom, and amputate the legs before transporting the prey to their nests. The wasps provision each mud cell with one or more paralyzed spiders, lay a single egg on the final victim, and seal the cell. Auplopus species are solitary and non-aggressive, with most activity occurring from May to October.
spider-wasp mud-nest solitary-wasp spider-predator Pompilidae Pepsinae Auplopini metallic-wasp non-aggressive beneficial-insect
Auplopus architectus
Auplopus architectus is a small to medium-sized spider wasp in the family Pompilidae. Females construct distinctive barrel-shaped mud nests, often inside pre-existing cavities such as rock crevices, wood holes, or abandoned nests of other wasps. The species hunts spiders, amputates their legs to facilitate transport, and provisions each mud cell with multiple paralyzed victims before laying a single egg. Populations occur in disjunct regions of North America including California, the northeastern United States, and Arkansas.
mud-nesting spider-hunting solitary-wasp non-aggressive
Auplopus architectus architectus
Auplopus architectus architectus is a small spider-hunting wasp in the family Pompilidae. Females construct distinctive barrel-shaped mud cells to house their offspring, provisioning each cell with paralyzed spiders as food. The species is part of a genus known for unique nest-building behavior among pompilid wasps, which typically dig burrows rather than construct free-standing mud structures.
solitary-wasp mud-nest spider-hunter pygidial-plate honeydew-feeder cavity-nester
Auplopus architectus metallicus
Auplopus architectus metallicus is a subspecies of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae, tribe Auplopini. Like other Auplopus, females construct small, free-standing mud cells to house paralyzed spider prey and developing larvae. The subspecies was described by Banks in 1910. Members of this genus are small wasps, typically around 10 millimeters in length, with several species exhibiting bright metallic blue-green coloration.
spider-wasp mud-nest solitary-wasp Pompilidae Auplopini predator spider-hunter metallic-wasp
Auplopus caerulescens
Blue Mud-dauber Spider Wasp
Auplopus caerulescens is a small spider-hunting wasp in the family Pompilidae, tribe Auplopini. Females construct distinctive barrel-shaped mud cells, typically 15 mm long and 7-10 mm wide, often placed inside pre-existing cavities such as hollows in wood, rock crevices, or abandoned nests of other wasps. The species is known for its bright metallic blue-green coloration, with females bearing a diagnostic pygidial plate used to manipulate mud during nest construction. It is widely distributed across North America.
spider-wasp mud-nest solitary-wasp metallic-blue pygidial-plate Auplopini
Auplopus carbonarius
potter spider wasp, yellow-faced spider wasp
Auplopus carbonarius is a small spider wasp native to Europe that has been introduced to North America. Females construct distinctive barrel-shaped mud cells inside pre-existing cavities, stocking each with a paralyzed spider as food for their larva. The species is notable for its complex nesting behavior among Pompilidae, including leg amputation of prey to facilitate transport. Adults are approximately 10 mm in length, with males distinguished by ivory-colored maculae beside the eyes.
spider-wasp mud-nest introduced-species solitary-wasp paralyzed-prey
Auplopus mellipes
Red-legged Spider Wasp
Auplopus mellipes is a small spider wasp in the family Pompilidae, tribe Auplopini. Females construct distinctive barrel-shaped mud cells to house their paralyzed spider prey and developing larvae. The species has a widespread distribution across North America and is most active during summer months. Unlike many spider wasps that dig burrows, Auplopus species are unique among Pompilidae for their free-standing mud nest construction.
spider-wasp mud-nest solitary-wasp spider-predator mason-wasp
Auplopus mellipes mellipes
Auplopus mellipes mellipes is a small spider wasp in the family Pompilidae, tribe Auplopini. Females construct distinctive barrel-shaped mud cells to house their offspring, provisioning each cell with paralyzed spiders. The species belongs to a genus noted for opportunistic hunting of non-web-building spiders and for frequently utilizing pre-existing cavities or abandoned nests of other wasps as nest sites. Adults feed on honeydew from aphid colonies rather than visiting flowers.
spider-wasp mud-nest solitary-wasp spider-predator pygidial-plate honeydew-feeder
Auplopus mellipes variitarsus
Auplopus mellipes variitarsus is a subspecies of small spider wasp in the family Pompilidae, tribe Auplopini. Females construct distinctive free-standing mud cells, typically barrel-shaped and approximately 15 millimeters long, to house paralyzed spider prey and a single offspring. The species exhibits bright metallic blue-green coloration, with females bearing a diagnostic pygidial plate on the abdomen used as a masonry trowel during nest construction. Like other Auplopus, this subspecies is solitary and non-aggressive, feeding on aphid honeydew as adults while provisioning nests with spiders from diverse families.
spider-wasp mud-nest solitary-wasp metallic-blue-green pygidial-plate aphid-honeydew spider-predator non-aggressive
Auplopus mollis
Auplopus mollis is a small spider wasp in the family Pompilidae, tribe Auplopini. Females construct distinctive free-standing mud cells, typically barrel-shaped and approximately 15 mm long by 7–10 mm wide, often stacked end-to-end in rows of two to five. The species hunts non-web-building spiders, amputates their legs to facilitate transport, and provisions each mud cell with multiple paralyzed spiders before laying a single egg. Adults feed on aphid honeydew rather than visiting flowers.
mud-nest spider-wasp solitary-wasp spider-predator aphid-honeydew cavity-nester Pompilidae Auplopini
Auplopus nigrellus
Auplopus nigrellus is a small spider wasp in the family Pompilidae, tribe Auplopini. Like other members of its genus, it constructs distinctive barrel-shaped mud cells to house its offspring. The species was described by Banks in 1911, though specific details about its biology are limited compared to better-studied congeners such as A. carbonarius and A. mellipes.
spider-wasp mud-nest solitary-wasp Auplopini Pompilidae Hymenoptera
Belomicrus
Belomicrus is a genus of solitary wasps in the family Crabronidae, tribe Oxybelini. The genus was established by A. Costa in 1867. Species are known from Europe, Africa, and North America. Members of this genus are predatory wasps that provision their nests with paralyzed prey.
solitary-wasp predatory-wasp Crabronidae Oxybelini understudied-genus
Bembecinus floridanus
sand wasp
Bembecinus floridanus is a small sand wasp in the family Crabronidae, first described by Krombein & Willink in 1951. As a member of the genus Bembecinus, it exhibits the characteristic traits of this group: strongly convergent eyes at the bottom of the face and strongly divergent at the top of the head, along with a petiolate or nearly petiolate second submarginal cell in the forewing. The species is found in North America and, like other Bembecinus, is a solitary ground-nesting wasp that provisions its larvae with prey.
sand-wasp solitary-wasp ground-nesting Crabronidae Bembicidae North-America Florida Stizina progressive-provisioning leafhopper-predator gregarious-nesting
Bembecinus neglectus
Bembecinus neglectus is a species of sand wasp in the family Crabronidae (formerly treated as Bembicidae). It was first described by Cresson in 1873 and is known to occur in North America. As a member of the tribe Bembicini, it belongs to a group of solitary wasps commonly associated with sandy habitats. The species has been documented in museum collections and through citizen science observations, though detailed biological studies remain limited.
sand-wasp solitary-wasp North-America Crabronidae Bembicinae ground-nesting
Bembicini
Sand Wasps
Bembicini is a large tribe of solitary wasps commonly known as sand wasps, comprising approximately 20 genera distributed across multiple subtribes. These wasps are characterized by their ground-nesting behavior in sandy substrates and their role as predators provisioning nests with paralyzed insect prey. The tribe exhibits notable diversity in prey preferences, with most genera specializing on particular insect orders—most commonly Diptera, though some target Hemiptera, Orthoptera, or other groups. Many species form dense nesting aggregations where numerous females excavate burrows in close proximity, creating conspicuous colonies that attract specialized parasites and cleptoparasites.
ground-nesting solitary-wasp predator sand-dwelling progressive-provisioning nest-parasite flower-visitor aggregation-nesting
Bembix
sand wasps
Bembix is a cosmopolitan genus of approximately 380 species of solitary predatory sand wasps in the family Crabronidae. These wasps are characterized by their large size, often bright coloration, and specialized nesting behavior in sandy substrates. Females excavate burrows in loose sand and provision them with paralyzed flies for their larvae, exhibiting progressive provisioning where prey is delivered as the larva develops. The genus has been documented across North America, Europe, southern Africa, and Australia, with species showing varying degrees of geographic restriction from widespread to narrowly endemic.
solitary-wasp sand-wasp progressive-provisioning tarsal-rake diptera-predator ground-nesting
Bembix americana
American Sand Wasp
Bembix americana is a solitary digger wasp in the family Crabronidae, widely distributed across the Americas from the Caribbean to North and South America. Females construct burrows in loose sand where they provision cells with paralyzed flies as food for their larvae. The species exhibits notable parental care, with females progressively increasing prey deliveries as larvae grow. Seven subspecies are currently recognized, reflecting considerable geographic variation in morphology and nesting behavior.
solitary-wasp digger-wasp sand-wasp progressive-provisioning parental-care sand-prairie fly-predator multi-celled-nests
Bembix americana comata
Western Sand Wasp
Bembix americana comata is a subspecies of sand wasp in the family Crabronidae, native to western North America. It is a solitary digger wasp that constructs burrows in loose sand to provision with paralyzed flies for its larvae. The subspecies is part of a variable species complex where nest architecture shows population-level variation in cell number. Adults are active during warmer months and are commonly observed on barren sand exposures.
digger-wasp sand-wasp solitary-wasp progressive-provisioning sand-prairie western-North-America
Bembix americana hamata
Bembix americana hamata is a subspecies of sand wasp in the family Crabronidae. Adult females construct burrows in loose sand and provision them with paralyzed flies to feed their developing larvae. The subspecies is part of the broader B. americana complex, which includes several geographically variable forms across North America. Like other members of the genus, this wasp exhibits solitary nesting behavior with progressive provisioning—providing increasing numbers of prey items as the larva grows.
solitary-wasp sand-wasp digger-wasp progressive-provisioning sand-prairie
Bembix americana spinolae
Eastern Sand Wasp
A sand wasp subspecies common on barren sand exposures where females dig burrows into loose sand. Adults provision nests with paralyzed flies, with females providing progressively more prey as larvae grow. Formerly placed in family Sphecidae, now classified in Crabronidae. The subspecies is part of a variable species complex with intermediate characteristics between B. americana comata and B. americana spinolae in some populations.
sand-wasp digger-wasp sand-prairie progressive-provisioning solitary-wasp Crabronidae Bembicinae
Bembix amoena
sand wasp
Bembix amoena is a species of solitary sand wasp in the family Crabronidae, native to North America. Like other members of the genus Bembix, females construct burrows in sandy substrates and provision them with paralyzed flies to feed their larvae. The species exhibits progressive provisioning, where the mother continues to bring prey to her developing offspring. Adults of both sexes visit flowers for nectar, particularly composites in the Asteraceae family.
solitary-wasp sand-wasp progressive-provisioning dipteran-predator burrowing-insect
Bembix belfragei
A solitary sand wasp in the genus Bembix, characterized by ground-nesting behavior in loose, sandy substrates. Females excavate burrows to provision with paralyzed flies, exhibiting progressive parental care by delivering prey as larvae develop. Adults of both sexes visit flowers for nectar, particularly composites. The species is part of a diverse North American radiation of sand wasps with complex nesting behaviors.
solitary-wasp sand-wasp ground-nesting progressive-provisioning sand-prairie Crabronidae Bembicinae North-America Missouri digger-wasp
Bembix nubilipennis
Bembix nubilipennis is a sand wasp in the family Crabronidae, first described by Cresson in 1873. Like other members of the genus Bembix, this species is associated with sandy habitats where females excavate burrows to provision with paralyzed flies as food for their larvae. The species is found in North America and Middle America, though specific behavioral and ecological details for this particular species remain limited in published literature. Most information about Bembix biology derives from studies of more common congeners.
Crabronidae sand-wasp solitary-wasp predatory-wasp North-America Middle-America sand-prairie progressive-provisioning ground-nesting-wasp Bembicidae
Bembix occidentalis
sand wasp
Bembix occidentalis is a species of solitary sand wasp in the family Crabronidae. The species was described by W. Fox in 1893 and occurs in Central America and North America. Like other members of the genus Bembix, it is associated with sandy habitats where females excavate burrows to provision with prey for their larvae.
sand-wasp solitary-wasp burrowing-wasp Crabronidae Bembicinae North-America Central-America sandy-habitats ground-nesting-wasp
Bembix pallidipicta
A sand wasp species in the genus Bembix, first described by Frederick Smith in 1873. As with other members of this genus, females construct burrows in loose, sandy substrates and provision nests with paralyzed flies for their developing larvae. The species is part of a diverse group of solitary wasps known for their rapid, energetic movements and distinctive nesting behaviors.
sand-wasp solitary-wasp burrowing-wasp progressive-provisioning sand-prairie Bembicidae Crabronidae
Bembix rugosa
Bembix rugosa is a species of sand wasp in the family Crabronidae, described by J. Parker in 1917. As a member of the genus Bembix, it shares the characteristic behaviors of solitary digger wasps that excavate burrows in sandy substrates and provision nests with paralyzed flies for their larvae. The species occurs in North America, though specific details about its biology and distribution remain limited compared to better-studied congeners such as Bembix americana.
sand-wasp digger-wasp solitary-wasp Crabronidae Bembicinae North-America progressive-provisioning sand-burrow fly-predator sun-dance tarsal-rake two-generations cocoon-with-sand-grains
Bembix sayi
sand wasp
Bembix sayi is a species of sand wasp in the family Crabronidae, found in Central America and North America. Like other members of the genus, it is a solitary wasp that excavates burrows in sandy substrates and provisions nests with paralyzed flies for its larvae. The species exhibits progressive provisioning, where females continue to supply food as the larva grows.
sand-wasp solitary-wasp progressive-provisioning sand-prairie burrowing-wasp
Bicyrtes
Bicyrtes is a genus of large, often brightly colored predatory sand wasps in the family Crabronidae. The genus name derives from the two noticeable projections arising from the rear of the mesosoma. Most species nest in sandy or coarse soils and provision their burrows with paralyzed true bugs, primarily Pentatomidae (stink bugs), though some species utilize Reduviidae (assassin bugs) and Coreidae (leaf-footed bugs) as prey. The genus contains approximately 11 described species distributed across North America, with some species extending into Central and South America and the Caribbean, including the Galápagos Islands.
sand-wasp predatory-wasp solitary-wasp biocontrol Pentatomidae-predator Crabronidae Bembicinae true-bug-predator fossorial-wasp nectar-feeder
Bicyrtes capnopterus
Bicyrtes capnopterus is a species of sand wasp in the family Crabronidae. It occurs in Central America and North America. Like other members of the genus Bicyrtes, females are fossorial, excavating burrows in soil to provision with prey for their larval offspring. The species is part of a group of wasps known for preying on true bugs, contributing to natural control of pest populations.
sand-wasp solitary-wasp fossorial Crabronidae Bembicinae Central-America North-America
Bicyrtes fodiens
Bicyrtes fodiens is a solitary sand wasp in the family Crabronidae, native to North and Middle America. Like other members of its genus, it is a fossorial species that excavates burrows in sandy or coarse soil to provision with paralyzed true bugs for its larval offspring. The species is part of a guild of beneficial predatory wasps that help control pest insect populations, including stink bugs. Adults are nectar-feeders and can often be observed visiting flowers.
sand-wasp solitary-wasp predator biological-control fossorial Crabronidae Bembicinae North-America Middle-America true-bug-predator nectar-feeder
Bicyrtes insidiatrix
Bicyrtes insidiatrix is a species of sand wasp in the family Crabronidae. It is found in North America. Like other members of the genus Bicyrtes, it is a solitary, fossorial wasp that nests in sandy or coarse soils. The species is part of a group of wasps known for preying on true bugs (Hemiptera), though specific prey records for this species are not well documented in the available literature.
sand-wasp solitary-wasp fossorial predator North-America Hymenoptera Crabronidae Bembicinae
Bicyrtes quadrifasciatus
Four-banded Stink Bug Wasp, four-banded stink bug hunter wasp
Bicyrtes quadrifasciatus is a sand wasp native to North America, east of the Rocky Mountains. Females construct solitary burrows in sandy soil to provision with paralyzed true bugs, primarily stink bugs (Pentatomidae), as food for their larvae. The species has gained attention for its role as a native biological control agent of the invasive Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Halyomorpha halys). Adults are nectar-feeders and can be readily observed at flowers.
sand-wasp digger-wasp biological-control stink-bug-predator solitary-wasp fossorial native-beneficial-insect
Bicyrtes ventralis
Bicyrtes ventralis is a sand wasp in the family Crabronidae, distributed across Central America and North America. Like other members of the genus Bicyrtes, it is a solitary, fossorial wasp that nests in soil. Females provision underground burrows with paralyzed true bugs as food for their larval offspring. The species is one of approximately eight North American species in the genus Bicyrtes.
sand-wasp solitary-wasp predator biocontrol true-bug-predator fossorial
Calopompilus maculipennis
Calopompilus maculipennis is a species of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae, originally described by Smith in 1855. The species is currently recognized as a synonym of Chirodamus maculipennis. It belongs to the aculeate wasps, a group characterized by stinging apparatus derived from the ovipositor. As with other pompilid wasps, members of this genus are solitary hunters that provision their nests with paralyzed spiders.
spider-wasp pompilid synonym aculeata solitary-wasp
Calopompilus validus
spider wasp
Calopompilus validus is a species of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae. The genus Calopompilus was established to accommodate species previously placed in Chirodamus, though taxonomic relationships within Pompilidae remain under study. As with other pompilid wasps, this species is presumed to be a solitary hunter that provisions its nest with paralyzed spiders. The species was originally described by Cresson in 1867. Very few documented observations exist, with only 2 records in iNaturalist.
spider-wasp pompilidae hymenoptera solitary-wasp
Cephalodynerus
Cephalodynerus is a small genus of potter wasps in the subfamily Eumeninae, containing six species. The genus is restricted to the Nearctic region. Species in this genus construct characteristic mud nests with pot-shaped cells. The genus was established by Parker in 1965.
potter-wasp mud-nest Nearctic solitary-wasp
Cephalodynerus deformiceps
Cephalodynerus deformiceps is a species of potter wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae, first described by Bohart in 1942. It belongs to a genus characterized by distinctive head morphology. The species is known from very few records, with limited published information on its biology.
potter-wasp solitary-wasp North-America rarely-recorded
Cephalodynerus russipes
Cephalodynerus russipes is a species of potter wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae, first described by Bohart in 1942. The genus Cephalodynerus is characterized by distinctive head morphology with expanded genae (cheek regions), though species-specific traits for C. russipes remain poorly documented. This species belongs to a group of solitary wasps that construct mud nests provisioned with paralyzed caterpillars.
potter-wasp solitary-wasp Eumeninae western-North-America rarely-observed
Cercerini
Weevil Wasps and Allies
Cercerini is a tribe of solitary wasps within the subfamily Philanthinae of the family Crabronidae. Members are commonly known as "weevil wasps" due to their specialized predation on adult weevils (Curculionidae). The tribe contains approximately 900 species across several genera, with Cerceris being the largest and most widely distributed. These wasps are characterized by their stout bodies, strong mandibles adapted for handling hard-bodied prey, and distinctive nesting behaviors involving burrows in soil or pre-existing cavities.
predatory-wasp weevil-predator solitary-wasp ground-nesting biological-control
Cerceris arelate
Cerceris arelate is a solitary predatory wasp in the family Crabronidae. It is native to North America and belongs to a genus known for specialized prey capture, with different Cerceris species targeting distinct insect groups. Like other members of its genus, it constructs underground nests and provisions them with paralyzed prey for its larvae.
solitary-wasp predatory-wasp ground-nesting North-America Crabronidae Philanthinae
Cerceris atramontensis
Cerceris atramontensis is a solitary predatory wasp in the family Crabronidae, first described by Banks in 1913. Like other members of the genus Cerceris, it is a ground-nesting wasp that provisions its underground burrows with paralyzed insect prey for its offspring. The species is found in North America, with records from Canada including Alberta.
solitary-wasp ground-nesting predatory-wasp North-America Crabronidae Philanthinae hunting-wasp
Cerceris bicornuta
Cerceris bicornuta is a solitary digger wasp in the family Crabronidae. It is a large species with distinctive orange and white markings, occurring throughout much of North America with particular abundance in the southeastern United States. The species is a specialist predator of weevils in the genus Sphenophorus, which it paralyzes with its sting and provisions in underground nests for its offspring.
solitary-wasp digger-wasp weevil-predator ground-nesting philanthine
Cerceris blakei
Cerceris blakei is a species of solitary predatory wasp in the family Crabronidae. Like other members of the genus Cerceris, it is a ground-nesting wasp that provisions its underground nests with paralyzed insect prey for its larvae. The species was described by Cresson in 1865 and is native to North America. As with many Cerceris species, it likely specializes on particular prey groups, though specific prey associations for C. blakei are not well documented in the available literature.
Hymenoptera Crabronidae solitary-wasp predatory-wasp ground-nesting-wasp North-America Cerceris Cresson-1865
Cerceris californica
Cerceris californica is a solitary predatory wasp in the family Crabronidae. It occurs in Central America and North America. The species is a known predator of Buprestidae beetles (jewel beetles), paralyzing them with its sting to provision underground nests for its offspring. Like other members of the genus Cerceris, it exhibits prey specialization, though the full breadth of its prey preferences has not been extensively documented.
solitary-wasp predator Buprestidae ground-nesting biosurveillance-potential
Cerceris clypeata
weevil wasp
Cerceris clypeata is a solitary weevil wasp in the family Crabronidae, found in North America. Males exhibit probable marking behavior on grass stems and vegetation using cephalic gland secretions, a trait rarely recorded in this genus but common in the subfamily Philanthinae. The species is closely related to other Cerceris wasps that specialize on particular prey groups, though specific prey associations for C. clypeata remain undocumented.
solitary-wasp marking-behavior cephalic-glands male-territoriality Philanthinae North-America weevil-wasp hayfield-habitat
Cerceris compacta
Cerceris compacta is a solitary predatory wasp in the family Crabronidae, first described by Cresson in 1865. Like other members of the genus Cerceris, this species is a ground-nesting wasp that hunts and paralyzes prey to provision underground nests for its larvae. The species occurs in North America and Middle America. As a member of the Cerceris genus, it likely exhibits prey specialization, though specific prey preferences for C. compacta have not been documented in the available sources.
solitary-wasp ground-nesting predatory-wasp Crabronidae Cerceris North-America Middle-America Hymenoptera Aculeata
Cerceris convergens
Cerceris convergens is a solitary digger wasp in the family Crabronidae. Like other members of the genus Cerceris, it constructs underground nests and provisions them with paralyzed insect prey for its larvae. The species is distributed across North America and Middle America. While specific prey preferences for C. convergens are not documented in the provided sources, congeners exhibit strong prey specialization—C. fumipennis specializes on Buprestidae (jewel beetles), and C. bicornis specializes on weevils.
digger-wasp solitary-wasp Crabronidae Cerceris North-America Middle-America burrowing-wasp predatory-wasp
Cerceris crucis
Cerceris crucis is a solitary crabronid wasp described in 1904. Like other members of the genus Cerceris, this species is a ground-nesting predatory wasp that provisions its burrows with paralyzed insect prey. The specific prey preferences and detailed biology of C. crucis remain poorly documented compared to better-studied congeners such as C. fumipennis.
solitary-wasp ground-nesting predatory-wasp Crabronidae Philanthinae data-deficient
Cerceris deserta
Cerceris deserta is a solitary ground-nesting wasp in the family Crabronidae, described by Thomas Say in 1824. Like other members of the genus Cerceris, it is a predatory wasp that provisions its underground nests with paralyzed insect prey for its offspring. The specific epithet "deserta" suggests an association with arid or desert environments, though precise ecological details remain limited in available literature. The species is part of a diverse genus of hunting wasps, many of which exhibit prey specialization.
hymenoptera crabronidae cerceris solitary-wasp ground-nesting predatory-wasp north-america canada alberta
Cerceris finitima
Cerceris finitima is a solitary predatory wasp in the family Crabronidae, described by Cresson in 1865. Like other members of the genus Cerceris, it is a ground-nesting species that provisions its underground nests with paralyzed insect prey for its larvae. The species occurs in North America and Middle America. Specific details regarding its prey preferences and biology remain poorly documented compared to better-studied congeners such as C. fumipennis.
Hymenoptera Crabronidae Philanthinae Cerceris solitary-wasp predatory-wasp ground-nesting-wasp North-America Middle-America Cresson-1865
Cerceris flavofasciata
Cerceris flavofasciata is a solitary predatory wasp in the family Crabronidae, first described by H. Smith in 1908. As a member of the genus Cerceris, it likely shares the characteristic prey specialization typical of the genus, where individual species focus on particular beetle groups. The species is found in North America, though detailed ecological studies are limited compared to better-known congeners such as C. fumipennis.
Crabronidae Philanthinae solitary-wasp predatory-wasp North-America Cerceris Hymenoptera ground-nesting-wasp beetle-predator specialist-predator
Cerceris flavofasciata floridensis
Cerceris flavofasciata floridensis is a subspecies of the crabronid wasp C. flavofasciata, described by Banks in 1915. It is currently treated as a synonym in taxonomic databases. The parent species belongs to a genus of solitary, ground-nesting predatory wasps that specialize on particular beetle prey. While specific information for this subspecies is sparse, congeners such as C. fumipennis have been extensively studied for their role in biosurveillance of invasive buprestid beetles.
Crabronidae Philanthinae solitary-wasp ground-nesting predatory-wasp subspecies synonym North-America Florida Cerceris Hymenoptera
Cerceris frontata
Cerceris frontata is a solitary wasp species in the family Crabronidae, native to North America. Like other members of the genus Cerceris, it is a ground-nesting predator that provisions its nests with paralyzed insect prey for its larvae. The species was first described by Thomas Say in 1823. Specific prey preferences and detailed biology remain poorly documented compared to better-studied congeners such as C. fumipennis.
Hymenoptera Crabronidae solitary-wasp ground-nesting North-America Cerceris predatory-wasp Philanthinae
Cerceris fumipennis
Smoky-winged Beetle Bandit Wasp
Cerceris fumipennis is a solitary, ground-nesting wasp and the only buprestid-hunting member of family Crabronidae in eastern North America. Females construct subterranean nests in hard-packed sandy soil and provision them exclusively with paralyzed jewel beetles (Buprestidae). The wasp has become a valuable biosurveillance tool for detecting the invasive emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis), as it efficiently locates and captures these beetles from distances up to 2 km from its nest. Citizen science programs known as "WaspWatchers" monitor wasp colonies to survey for pest beetles.
biosurveillance citizen-science emerald-ash-borer jewel-beetle solitary-wasp ground-nesting parasitoid Buprestidae Crabronidae WaspWatchers
Cerceris gnarina
Cerceris gnarina is a solitary ground-nesting wasp in the family Crabronidae, first described by Nathan Banks in 1913. Like other members of the genus Cerceris, this species is a specialist predator that captures and paralyzes prey to provision underground nests for its larvae. The species is known from North America, though specific details about its biology and prey preferences remain poorly documented compared to better-studied congeners such as C. fumipennis.
Hymenoptera Crabronidae solitary-wasp ground-nesting predatory-wasp Cerceris North-America
Cerceris halone
Cerceris halone is a solitary predatory wasp in the family Crabronidae, described by Banks in 1912. It occurs in Central America and North America. The species is a specialized predator of Curculionidae (weevil) beetles and nests in sandy substrates. Like other Cerceris species, it exhibits prey-specific hunting behavior, provisioning underground nests with paralyzed beetles for its larval offspring.
predatory-wasp solitary-wasp ground-nesting prey-specialist weevil-predator biosurveillance-potential
Cerceris insolita
Cerceris insolita is a solitary predatory wasp in the family Crabronidae, found in North America. Like other members of the genus Cerceris, it is a ground-nesting wasp that provisions its nests with paralyzed insect prey for its larvae. The species was described by Cresson in 1865. Specific details regarding its prey preferences, nesting behavior, and precise distribution within North America remain poorly documented in the available literature.
ground-nesting-wasp solitary-wasp predatory-wasp North-America Crabronidae understudied-species
Cerceris intricata graphica
Cerceris intricata graphica is a subspecies of wasp in the family Crabronidae, first described by Frederick Smith in 1873. It belongs to the genus Cerceris, a group of solitary wasps known for their specialized prey-capture behavior. Members of this genus dig underground nests and provision them with paralyzed insects for their larvae. The subspecies is distributed in Middle America and South America.
Hymenoptera Crabronidae solitary-wasp subspecies
Cerceris occipitomaculata
Cerceris occipitomaculata is a solitary ground-nesting wasp in the family Crabronidae. Like other members of the genus Cerceris, it is a specialist predator that captures and paralyzes prey to provision underground nests for its offspring. The species is distributed across North America and Middle America. As with congeners, it likely exhibits prey specialization, though specific prey records for this species are not well documented in the available sources.
solitary-wasp ground-nesting specialist-predator philanthine Crabronidae Cerceris North-America Middle-America sand-soil nest-provisioning prey-paralysis biosurveillance-potential
Cerceris rufopicta
Cerceris rufopicta is a solitary ground-nesting wasp in the family Crabronidae (formerly Philanthidae). It is native to North America, with records from Canada and the United States. Like other members of the genus Cerceris, it is a specialist predator that captures and paralyzes prey to provision underground nests for its larvae. The specific prey preferences for this species have not been documented in the available literature.
solitary-wasp ground-nesting predator specialist Philanthinae North-America Crabronidae Cerceris hymenoptera aculeata
Cerceris sextoides
weevil wasp
Cerceris sextoides is a solitary hunting wasp in the family Crabronidae that specializes in capturing weevils and other beetles to provision its underground nests. The species is common in Pacific coast states from British Columbia to southern California, ranging inland through Idaho, northwest Utah, and northern Nevada. Males emerge before females and establish territories, often perching on vegetation to watch for competitors. Females paralyze prey with their sting and transport it back to burrows excavated in sandy clay or gravelly clay soil.
solitary-wasp philanthine weevil-hunter ground-nesting territorial-males
Cerceris tolteca
Cerceris tolteca is a species of solitary wasp in the family Crabronidae (formerly Philanthidae), described by de Saussure in 1867. The species is found in Central America. As a member of the genus Cerceris, it likely exhibits the characteristic hunting behavior of provisioning underground nests with paralyzed insect prey for larval development, though specific biological details for this species remain undocumented in available sources.
solitary-wasp Crabronidae Central-America hunting-wasp de-Saussure-1867
Cerceris truncata
Cerceris truncata is a solitary wasp species in the family Crabronidae, described by Cameron in 1890. It belongs to a genus of predatory wasps known for specializing on particular prey groups. Most Cerceris species are ground-nesting solitary wasps that paralyze prey with their sting to provision underground nests for their larvae. The specific biology and prey preferences of C. truncata remain poorly documented compared to better-studied congeners such as C. fumipennis.
solitary-wasp ground-nesting predatory-wasp Middle-America poorly-known-species Crabronidae Philanthinae
Cerceris verticalis
Cerceris verticalis is a solitary predatory wasp in the family Crabronidae. Like other members of the genus Cerceris, it constructs underground nests and provisions them with paralyzed insect prey for its larvae. The species was described by Frederick Smith in 1856 and occurs in North America and Middle America. As a member of the diverse genus Cerceris, it likely specializes on a particular prey group, though specific prey associations remain undocumented in the available sources.
solitary-wasp predatory-wasp ground-nesting Philanthinae Crabronidae Hymenoptera Cerceris North-America Middle-America provisioning-behavior prey-specialization burrow-nesting aculeate-wasp biosurveillance-potential
Chalybion
blue mud dauber wasps, blue mud-daubers, blue nest-renting wasps
Chalybion is a genus of solitary wasps in the family Sphecidae, commonly known as blue mud dauber or blue nest-renting wasps. The genus comprises approximately 49 described species distributed across North America, Africa, Asia, and Australia. These wasps are characterized by metallic blue to blue-black coloration and are notable for their unique nesting behavior: rather than constructing their own nests, they primarily utilize pre-existing cavities, particularly abandoned mud nests of other wasps such as Sceliphron species. They provision these nests with paralyzed spiders as food for their larvae. Some species, notably Chalybion californicum, are significant predators of medically important spiders including black widows (Latrodectus species).
solitary-wasp nest-renting spider-predator black-widow-predator mud-dauber metallic-blue gregarious-nesting brood-parasitism invasive-species biological-control
Chalybion californicum
Common Blue Mud-dauber Wasp, Blue Mud Dauber
Chalybion californicum is a solitary mud-dauber wasp with metallic blue coloration, widely distributed across North America. Females are renowned as predators of black widow spiders and other web-building spiders, using specialized hunting tactics including web vibration to lure prey. Unlike most mud-daubers, this species does not construct nests from scratch but instead renovates abandoned mud nests, particularly those of Sceliphron caementarium. The species is not aggressive toward humans and has been introduced to several regions outside its native range.
solitary-wasp mud-dauber spider-predator black-widow-predator metallic-blue nest-renovator non-aggressive pollinator
Chalybion zimmermanni
Zimmerman's Mud-dauber Wasp, Zimmermann's Mud Wasp
Chalybion zimmermanni is a solitary thread-waisted wasp in the family Sphecidae. It is one of two Chalybion species found north of Mexico, distinguished from the widespread C. californicum by its more restricted southeastern and southwestern U.S. distribution, white thoracic hairs, and smoky rather than violaceous wing coloration. Like its congener, it is a spider-hunting wasp that repurposes existing mud nests rather than constructing its own.
solitary-wasp mud-dauber spider-predator nest-parasite non-aggressive building-nester southeastern-US southwestern-US
Chalybion zimmermanni aztecum
Aztec Mud-dauber Wasp
Chalybion zimmermanni aztecum is a subspecies of mud dauber wasp in the family Sphecidae, commonly known as the Aztec Mud-dauber Wasp. It is one of two Chalybion species found north of Mexico, distinguished from the widespread C. californicum by white thoracic hairs and smoky rather than violaceous wing coloration. Like other blue mud daubers, females are solitary nesters that remodel abandoned mud nests rather than constructing new ones from scratch, and hunt spiders including black widows to provision their offspring.
mud-dauber solitary-wasp spider-predator black-widow-predator nest-parasite non-aggressive
Chalybion zimmermanni zimmermanni
Zimmerman's Mud-dauber Wasp
Chalybion zimmermanni zimmermanni is a subspecies of mud dauber wasp in the family Sphecidae. It is one of two Chalybion species found north of Mexico, distinguished from the widespread C. californicum by its white thoracic hairs and smoky rather than violaceous wing coloration. Like other blue mud daubers, females are solitary nesters that remodel abandoned mud nests rather than constructing their own, and hunt spiders including black widows as prey for their larvae.
mud-dauber solitary-wasp spider-hunter black-widow-predator non-aggressive nest-parasite
Chlorion
cricket hunter wasps, steel-blue cricket hunters
Chlorion is a genus of solitary sphecid wasps distributed across the Americas, Africa, and tropical Asia through Java. The genus contains approximately 20 described species, including the well-known Steel-blue Cricket Hunter Wasp (Chlorion aerarium). Females construct underground burrows provisioned with paralyzed orthopteran prey—primarily crickets for most species, though Chlorion cyaneum preys on cockroaches. The genus is characterized by metallic blue to violet coloration, large size, and distinctive nesting behavior often associated with hard-packed soil habitats.
Sphecidae solitary-wasp cricket-predator ground-nesting metallic-blue beneficial-insect
Chlorion aerarium
steel-blue cricket hunter, aphid wasp
Chlorion aerarium, the steel-blue cricket hunter, is a large, solitary thread-waisted wasp in the family Sphecidae. Females hunt crickets (Gryllidae) as prey for their larvae, paralyzing them with venom and caching them in underground burrows. The species is frequently mistaken for the similar blue mud dauber (Chalybion californicum), but is generally larger, brighter metallic blue to violet in color, and less hairy. Both sexes feed primarily on fermenting plant sap rather than nectar.
solitary-wasp cricket-predator metallic-blue sap-feeder ground-nester
Chlorion cyaneum
purplish-blue cricket hunter, Iridescent Cockroach-hunter Wasp
Chlorion cyaneum, commonly known as the purplish-blue cricket hunter or iridescent cockroach-hunter wasp, is a species of thread-waisted wasp in the family Sphecidae. It is a solitary predatory wasp that hunts cockroaches as prey. The species exhibits a distinctive metallic blue to purplish coloration and is found in North America and Middle America.
solitary-wasp predator cockroach-hunter metallic-blue thread-waisted Sphecidae North-America Middle-America
Chloriontinae
Chloriontinae is a subfamily of thread-waisted wasps within the family Sphecidae, established by Fernald in 1905. The group is centered on the genus *Chlorion*, which comprises solitary wasps known for their specialized hunting behaviors. Members of this subfamily are part of the apoid wasp lineage, though they are sometimes classified within broader sphecid or crabronid groupings depending on taxonomic treatment. The subfamily is relatively small and morphologically cohesive.
subfamily sphecid solitary-wasp apoid thread-waisted
Chyphotes belfragei
Chyphotes belfragei is a species of wasp in the family Chyphotidae, a small group of solitary wasps sometimes referred to as 'bradynobaenid wasps' or 'velvet ants' due to their wingless females and ant-like appearance. The species was described by Blake in 1871. Chyphotidae wasps are characterized by reduced wing venation and a distinct body form that separates them from related families. Very little specific biological information has been published for this particular species.
hymenoptera chyphotidae solitary-wasp bradynobaenid texas southern-united-states wingless-female velvet-ant-mimicry rare poorly-known
Chyphotes evansi
Chyphotes evansi is a species of wasp in the family Bradynobaenidae, a group of aculeate Hymenoptera. The genus Chyphotes is endemic to the New World, with species distributed primarily in arid and semi-arid regions of North and South America. Bradynobaenidae are solitary wasps, and like other members of this family, Chyphotes species are likely parasitoids or predators, though specific biological details for C. evansi remain poorly documented. The species was named in honor of the entomologist Howard E. Evans.
Hymenoptera Bradynobaenidae aculeate-wasp solitary-wasp New-World arid-habitat
Clitemnestra
Clitemnestra is a genus of small sand wasps in the family Crabronidae, containing at least 60 described species. Members of this genus are predatory wasps that hunt various sap-feeding insects, particularly planthoppers, leafhoppers, and related Hemiptera. The genus was revised by Bohart in 2000, which included the merger of the former genus Ochleroptera into Clitemnestra. These wasps are generally inconspicuous due to their small size, with some species measuring only 5–6 millimeters in body length.
sand-wasp predatory-wasp solitary-wasp honeydew-feeder leafhopper-predator planthopper-predator soil-nester small-wasp Crabronidae Bembicinae
Clitemnestra bipunctata
Clitemnestra bipunctata is a small sand wasp in the family Crabronidae, measuring approximately 5-6 millimeters in body length. The species was formerly classified under the genus Ochleroptera, but was merged into Clitemnestra by Bohart in 2000. It is widely distributed across North America and has been recorded from Cuba.
sand-wasp solitary-wasp hunter hymenoptera crabronidae honeydew-feeder homopteran-predator
Clypeadon
Clypeadon is a genus of solitary wasps in the family Crabronidae, subfamily Philanthinae. These wasps are known to hunt harvester ants (Pogonomyrmex species) as prey for their larvae. The genus contains nine described species distributed in North America, primarily in western and southwestern regions of the United States.
solitary-wasp ant-predator harvester-ant Philanthinae Aphilanthopini western-North-America nectar-feeder ground-nesting Pogonomyrmex-predator territorial-males
Clypeadon laticinctus
Clypeadon laticinctus is a species of solitary wasp in the family Crabronidae, tribe Aphilanthopini. The genus Clypeadon comprises species known as 'harvester ant hunters' that prey specifically on ants. This species occurs in North America, with distribution records from Canada (British Columbia) and the United States. Like other members of its tribe, it likely exhibits specialized predatory behavior targeting harvester ants.
ant-hunter harvester-ant-predator solitary-wasp
Clypeadon sculleni
harvester ant hunter
Clypeadon sculleni is a species of solitary wasp in the family Crabronidae, tribe Aphilanthopini. It is a specialist predator of harvester ants (Pogonomyrmex species), paralyzing workers to provision nests for its larvae. The species has been documented in western North America, particularly in association with flowering saltcedar (Tamarix) where adults seek nectar.
solitary-wasp ant-predator harvester-ant-specialist Crabronidae Philanthinae western-North-America nectar-feeder
Colocistis castanea
Colocistis castanea is a species of wasp in the family Tiphiidae. The genus Colocistis belongs to a group of solitary wasps that are primarily parasitoids of scarab beetle larvae. Members of Tiphiidae are known for their specialized biology involving subterranean hosts, with females often possessing fossorial (digging) adaptations to access beetle grubs in soil. This species was described by Cresson in 1865.
Tiphiidae Hymenoptera solitary-wasp parasitoid scarab-parasite
Colocistis crassa
Colocistis crassa is a species of wasp in the family Tiphiidae, first described by Bradley in 1917. Members of this family are solitary wasps, many of which are parasitoids of beetle larvae, particularly scarab beetles. The genus Colocistis contains relatively small, obscure species with limited published biological information.
solitary-wasp parasitoid tiphiid data-deficient
Crabro
Shield-handed Wasps, Square-headed Wasps
Crabro is a genus of solitary wasps in the family Crabronidae, commonly known as shield-handed or square-headed wasps. The genus contains at least 80 described species distributed across the Nearctic and Palaearctic regions (Holarctic). These fossorial wasps nest in sandy soils, constructing multi-celled burrows provisioned with flies (Diptera) for their larvae.
Crabronidae solitary-wasp fossorial Diptera-predator Holarctic sand-nesting biocontrol
Crabro argusinus
Crabro argusinus is a species of square-headed wasp in the family Crabronidae, described by R. Bohart in 1976. It belongs to a group of solitary wasps known for nesting in soil and provisioning their offspring with paralyzed prey. The species is known from North America, with records from Canada including Alberta. As a member of the genus Crabro, it shares the general characteristics of crabronid wasps but specific biological details remain poorly documented in accessible literature.
Hymenoptera Crabronidae solitary-wasp square-headed-wasp North-America Alberta soil-nesting-wasp
Crabro cingulatus
Crabro cingulatus is a species of square-headed wasp in the family Crabronidae. It occurs in Central America and North America. As a member of the genus Crabro, it belongs to a group of solitary wasps that provision nests with prey for their developing larvae. The species was described by Packard in 1867.
square-headed-wasp solitary-wasp Crabronidae Hymenoptera North-America Central-America
Crabro latipes
Crabro latipes is a species of square-headed wasp in the family Crabronidae, a group of solitary predatory wasps. The species was described by Frederick Smith in 1856. Like other members of the genus Crabro, it is a fossorial wasp that constructs burrows in soil to provision with prey for its developing young. The specific epithet "latipes" refers to broad feet, likely describing a morphological feature of the legs.
solitary-wasp fossorial square-headed-wasp soil-nesting predatory-wasp
Crabro monticola
A solitary digger wasp in the family Crabronidae. The species has been the subject of comparative nesting behavior studies. As a member of genus Crabro, it is part of a group of predatory wasps that provision nests with paralyzed prey for their larvae.
Crabronidae solitary-wasp digger-wasp fossorial North-America
Crabro peltista
Crabro peltista is a species of solitary digger wasp in the family Crabronidae, described by Kohl in 1888. Like other members of the genus Crabro, this species is a fossorial wasp that constructs underground burrows to provision with prey for its larvae. The species occurs in Middle America and North America, though specific details about its biology and ecology remain poorly documented in available literature.
solitary-wasp digger-wasp fossorial Crabronidae
Crabro snowii
Crabro snowii is a species of square-headed wasp in the family Crabronidae, described by W. Fox in 1896. It is known from North America, with records from Canada including Alberta. As a member of the genus Crabro, it likely exhibits the fossorial nesting behavior and predatory habits characteristic of the tribe Crabronini, though specific details about its biology remain poorly documented.
Crabronidae solitary-wasp square-headed-wasp fossorial North-America Canada Alberta
Crabro tumidus
Crabro tumidus is a species of square-headed wasp in the family Crabronidae. It is native to North America. As a member of the genus Crabro, it belongs to a group of solitary wasps that provision nests with prey for their developing larvae. The species was described by Packard in 1867.
solitary-wasp square-headed-wasp North-American-native Crabronidae
Crabronini
square-headed wasps
Crabronini is a tribe of solitary wasps in the family Crabronidae, comprising 48 genera and over 1,500 described species. Members are predominantly small to very small wasps characterized by square-shaped heads in most genera. The tribe exhibits diverse prey specialization, with most genera hunting flies (Diptera) while some, such as Anacrabro, target plant bugs (Hemiptera: Miridae). Nesting habits vary from ground burrows to cavities in rotting wood.
solitary-wasp digger-wasp predatory-wasp biological-control
Crossocerus angelicus
Crossocerus angelicus is a species of solitary wasp in the family Crabronidae, first described by Kincaid in 1900. It belongs to a genus of small to medium-sized predatory wasps commonly known as square-headed wasps. The species is recorded from North America, with specific occurrence data from Alberta, Canada. Like other members of Crossocerus, it likely preys on small insects, particularly flies, though specific prey records for this species are not well documented.
solitary-wasp square-headed-wasp predatory-wasp Crabronidae Hymenoptera North-America Alberta Canada Kincaid-1900
Crossocerus elongatulus
Crossocerus elongatulus is a solitary wasp in the family Crabronidae, native to the Palearctic region. It has been introduced to the Azores and North America. The species belongs to a genus of aphid-hunting wasps, though specific prey records for this species are limited. Like other Crossocerus species, females construct nests in pre-existing cavities and provision them with paralyzed prey for their larvae.
solitary-wasp Crabronidae Palearctic introduced-species Aphid-hunter
Crossocerus harringtonii
Crossocerus harringtonii is a small solitary wasp in the family Crabronidae, first described by W. Fox in 1895. It belongs to a genus of aphid-hunting wasps that provision their nests with paralyzed aphids for their larvae. The species is known from limited records in western North America, particularly Alberta, Canada. Observations are sparse, with only 9 documented records on iNaturalist as of the source data.
solitary-wasp aphid-predator Crabronidae North-America data-deficient
Crossocerus lentus
Crossocerus lentus is a species of square-headed wasp in the family Crabronidae, described by W. Fox in 1895. The genus Crossocerus comprises small to medium-sized solitary wasps that provision their nests with paralyzed prey, primarily small flies. This species is recorded from North America, with confirmed observations in Canada (Alberta). As with many Crabronidae, detailed biological information for this specific species remains limited.
solitary-wasp Crabronidae North-America understudied-species
Crossocerus maculipennis
Crossocerus maculipennis is a species of solitary digger wasp in the family Crabronidae. The species belongs to a genus of predatory wasps that provision their nests with paralyzed prey, primarily beetles. The specific epithet 'maculipennis' refers to spotted or marked wings. Based on related species in the genus, it likely exhibits nest-building behavior in sandy or loose soils and specializes on particular beetle prey groups.
solitary-wasp digger-wasp predatory-wasp Crabronidae North-America
Crossocerus nitidiventris
square-headed wasp
Crossocerus nitidiventris is a species of square-headed wasp in the family Crabronidae. It is found in North America. The species was first described by W. Fox in 1892. As a member of the genus Crossocerus, it belongs to a group of solitary wasps that are commonly known as sand wasps or square-headed wasps.
solitary-wasp square-headed-wasp sand-wasp
Cryptocheilus attenuatum
Cryptocheilus attenuatum is a species of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae, described by Banks in 1933. Like other members of its genus, it is a solitary wasp that hunts spiders to provision nests for its larvae. The species has been documented visiting flowers for nectar, particularly at blooming saltcedar (Tamarix) trees in Colorado. Observations suggest males may establish territories around nectar sources to encounter females.
Pompilidae spider-wasp solitary-wasp Colorado Tamarix nectar-feeding aculeate
Cryptocheilus hesperus
Western spider wasp
Cryptocheilus hesperus is a species of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae, native to western North America. The species was first described by Banks in 1915 under the name Priocnemis hesperus before being transferred to the genus Cryptocheilus. As with other members of its family, it is presumed to be a solitary wasp that hunts spiders to provision nests for its larvae, though specific behavioral and ecological studies on this species are limited.
spider-wasp Pompilidae western-North-America solitary-wasp Banks-1915 Priocnemis-hesperus
Cryptocheilus idoneum
Cryptocheilus idoneum is a species of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae, first described by Nathan Banks in 1910. Like other members of its genus, it is a solitary wasp that hunts spiders to provision nests for its larvae. The species has been documented in western North America, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. Observations indicate adults visit flowering plants for nectar, including invasive saltcedar (Tamarix).
spider-wasp solitary-wasp Pompilidae western-North-America Cryptocheilus nectar-foraging saltcedar-association
Cryptocheilus pallidipenne
Cryptocheilus pallidipenne is a species of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae, described by Nathan Banks in 1911. The specific epithet "pallidipenne" refers to pale wings. Like other members of its genus, this species is a solitary wasp that hunts spiders to provision nests for its larvae. It has been documented in Colorado and is attracted to flowering saltcedar (Tamarix) for nectar.
spider-wasp Pompilidae solitary-wasp nectar-feeder Colorado western-North-America
Dasymutilla arenerronea
Dasymutilla arenerronea is a species of velvet ant in the family Mutillidae, described by Bradley in 1916. Like all mutillids, it is actually a wasp rather than an ant, with wingless females and winged males. The species belongs to a large genus of solitary parasitoid wasps that primarily target ground-nesting bees and wasps. Females are capable of delivering a painful sting, a trait common across the family.
velvet-ant parasitoid solitary-wasp aposematic wingless-female
Dasymutilla arenivaga
Desert Velvet Ant
Dasymutilla arenivaga is a species of velvet ant in the family Mutillidae, first described by Mickel in 1928. Like all mutillids, it is a solitary wasp with wingless females and winged males, exhibiting the pronounced sexual dimorphism characteristic of this group. The species inhabits arid and semi-arid regions of the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico.
velvet-ant mutillid desert parasitoid sexual-dimorphism aposematic-coloration solitary-wasp ground-nesting-host stridulation
Dasymutilla asteria
Dasymutilla asteria is a species of velvet ant in the family Mutillidae, a group of solitary parasitoid wasps. Like other mutillids, females are wingless while males possess wings. The species was described by Mickel in 1936. Velvet ants in this genus are known for their aposematic coloration and potent sting, particularly in females.
Hymenoptera Mutillidae Dasymutilla velvet-ant parasitoid-wasp solitary-wasp
Dasymutilla atricauda
Dasymutilla atricauda is a species of velvet ant (family Mutillidae), a group of solitary parasitoid wasps in which females are wingless and males are winged. The species was described by Mickel in 1936. Like other members of the genus, females possess a potent sting and exhibit aposematic coloration warning predators of their defensive capabilities. The species is part of the large Müllerian mimicry complex formed by North American velvet ants.
Mutillidae velvet-ant parasitoid solitary-wasp aposematic-coloration sexual-dimorphism
Dasymutilla aureola
Pacific velvet ant
Dasymutilla aureola, commonly known as the Pacific velvet ant, is a species of solitary wasp in the family Mutillidae. Despite its common name, it is not an ant but a wingless female wasp. The species is found in the western United States and is characterized by its large, square-shaped head and dense hair coloration in red, yellow, or orange. Like other velvet ants, females possess a potent sting used for defense and subduing hosts.
velvet-ant Mutillidae solitary-wasp wingless-female aposematic-coloration western-United-States Hymenoptera Dasymutilla stinging-insect parasitoid
Dasymutilla calorata
Dasymutilla calorata is a species of velvet ant in the family Mutillidae, first described by Mickel in 1928. Like other members of the genus, females are wingless while males possess wings. The species belongs to a large group of solitary parasitoid wasps known for their potent sting and aposematic coloration. Specific biological details for this species remain poorly documented in published literature.
Mutillidae velvet-ant parasitoid wingless-female Hymenoptera solitary-wasp
Dasymutilla coccineohirta
Dasymutilla coccineohirta is a species of velvet ant (family Mutillidae) native to western North America. Females are wingless and possess a potent sting, while males are winged. The species exhibits notable variation in female coloration, with setae ranging from red to white. First described by Charles Alfred Blake in 1871 from a California specimen, it was recently synonymized with Dasymutilla clytemnestra. The species can be distinguished from similar taxa by its smaller marginal wing cell and coarser body pilosity.
velvet-ant Mutillidae Pacific-coast sexual-dimorphism variable-coloration wingless-female solitary-wasp
Dasymutilla gorgon
Dasymutilla gorgon is a species of velvet ant (family Mutillidae) native to central North America. Like all mutillids, it is a solitary wasp with wingless females and winged males. The species occurs from Colorado to Louisiana, inhabiting arid and semi-arid regions. As a member of the genus Dasymutilla, females likely exhibit aposematic coloration warning of their potent sting.
velvet-ant parasitoid aposematic wingless-female solitary-wasp
Dasymutilla heliophila
Dasymutilla heliophila is a species of velvet ant, a family of solitary parasitic wasps in which only males possess wings. The species was described by Cockerell in 1900. Like other members of the genus Dasymutilla, females are wingless and possess a powerful sting. The species belongs to a diverse genus known for aposematic coloration and Müllerian mimicry complexes.
mutillidae velvet-ant parasitoid aposematic wingless-female solitary-wasp
Dasymutilla klugii
Klug's velvet ant
Dasymutilla klugii, commonly known as Klug's velvet ant, is a species of parasitoid wasp in the family Mutillidae. Despite the common name, it is not an ant but a solitary wasp. Females are wingless and possess a potent sting, while males are winged. The species is the most frequently encountered velvet ant in Texas and has been documented using cicada-killer wasp nests (Sphecius grandis) as hosts for its larvae. The specific epithet honors German entomologist Johann C. F. Klug.
parasitoid solitary-wasp aposematic-coloration sexual-dimorphism Müllerian-mimicry
Dasymutilla macilenta
Dasymutilla macilenta is a species of velvet ant in the family Mutillidae. Like all mutillids, females are wingless and capable of delivering a painful sting, while males possess wings. The species belongs to a large genus of velvet ants distributed primarily in North America, with many species exhibiting bright aposematic coloration warning predators of their defensive capabilities.
velvet-ant mutillidae hymenoptera solitary-wasp aposematic-coloration sexual-dimorphism wingless-female stinging-insect parasitoid north-america
Dasymutilla magna
Dasymutilla magna is a species of velvet ant in the family Mutillidae, described by Cresson in 1865. Like other members of the genus, females are wingless and possess a powerful sting, while males are winged. The species belongs to a large Müllerian mimicry complex where numerous velvet ant species share bright aposematic coloration warning predators of their defensive capabilities. Specific biological details for this species remain poorly documented in published literature.
Mutillidae velvet-ant Hymenoptera aposematic-coloration Müllerian-mimicry wingless-female solitary-wasp parasitoid Dasymutilla North-America
Dasymutilla monticola
Dasymutilla monticola is a species of velvet ant (family Mutillidae), a group of solitary wasps in which only males are winged. The species was described by Cresson in 1865. Like other mutillids, females are wingless and capable of delivering a painful sting. The species epithet 'monticola' suggests a mountain-dwelling habit. The genus Dasymutilla is one of the most species-rich genera in the family, with many species exhibiting bright aposematic coloration.
Mutillidae velvet-ant solitary-wasp Hymenoptera wingless-female stinging-wasp
Dasymutilla nigripes
velvet ant
Dasymutilla nigripes is a species of velvet ant (family Mutillidae) native to North America. Females are wingless and possess a powerful sting, while males are winged. The species has been documented as a likely parasite of beewolf wasp nests. It is widespread across the United States and occurs in Alberta, Canada.
velvet-ant parasitoid wingless-female Mutillidae Hymenoptera North-America solitary-wasp aposematic
Dasymutilla occidentalis
Common Eastern Velvet Ant, Red Velvet Ant, Cow Killer, Cow Ant, Eastern Velvet Ant
Dasymutilla occidentalis is a large, solitary parasitoid wasp in the family Mutillidae, commonly known as the eastern velvet ant or cow killer. Females are wingless, densely covered in velvety red and black hairs, and possess an extremely painful sting. Males are winged and less conspicuously colored. The species is an external parasitoid of ground-nesting bees and wasps, with females actively searching for host nests to lay eggs on or near developing larvae. Despite its common name, it is not an ant but a true wasp, and its sting, while intensely painful, cannot actually kill a cow.
velvet-ant parasitoid aposematic Müllerian-mimicry painful-sting wingless-female ground-nesting-host solitary-wasp
Dasymutilla parksi
Dasymutilla parksi is a species of velvet ant (family Mutillidae), a group of solitary parasitoid wasps in which females are wingless and males are winged. First described by Mickel in 1936, this species belongs to a genus containing over 450 North American species, many of which exhibit bright aposematic coloration advertising their potent sting. Like other velvet ants, females are known for their powerful defensive sting and erratic, rapid ground movement. The biology and host associations of D. parksi specifically remain poorly documented.
parasitoid aposematic Müllerian-mimicry velvet-ant wingless-female solitary-wasp
Dasymutilla texanella
Dasymutilla texanella is a velvet ant species in the family Mutillidae, a group of solitary parasitoid wasps in which females are wingless and males are winged. Like other Dasymutilla species, females possess a potent sting used for defense and host subjugation. The species was described by Mickel in 1928. As with most velvet ants, females are parasitoids of ground-nesting bees and wasps, laying eggs in host nests where larvae consume the host's developing young.
mutillidae velvet-ant parasitoid solitary-wasp aculeata
Dasymutillini
velvet ants
Dasymutillini is a tribe of velvet ants (Mutillidae) characterized by dense, velvety pubescence and aposematic coloration. Members are solitary wasps with wingless females and winged males. The tribe includes the genus Dasymutilla, which contains numerous species across the Americas. Females are known for their extremely painful stings, among the most intense of any insect.
velvet-ant mutillid solitary-wasp parasitoid aposematic painful-sting wingless-female
Delta higletti
Delta higletti is a species of potter wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae, first described by Meade-Waldo in 1910. The genus Delta comprises solitary wasps known for constructing mud nests with characteristic pot-shaped cells. Records for this species remain limited, with 39 observations documented on iNaturalist suggesting it is infrequently encountered or understudied. As with other eumenine wasps, females provision nest cells with paralyzed prey, primarily caterpillars, to feed developing larvae.
potter-wasp solitary-wasp mud-nesting-wasp Eumeninae Hymenoptera Meade-Waldo-1910
Delta higletti rendalli
Delta higletti rendalli is a subspecies of potter wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae. It was described by Bingham in 1902. Like other members of the genus Delta, it is a solitary wasp that constructs mud nests. The species is part of a diverse group of vespid wasps known for their distinctive nest-building behavior using mud or clay.
potter-wasp solitary-wasp mud-dauber Vespidae Eumeninae Hymenoptera Bingham-1902
Didineis
Didineis is a genus of solitary predatory wasps in the family Crabronidae, subfamily Bembicinae, with approximately 24 described species worldwide. The genus is placed in the tribe Alyssontini. Species are small, ground-nesting wasps that prey on Auchenorrhynchan Hemipterans, primarily leafhoppers (Cicadellidae) and planthoppers (Fulgoridae). Two species occur in France—D. crassicornis and D. lunicornis—where they have been documented as recurrent inhabitants of agricultural ecosystems despite historical perceptions of rarity.
solitary-wasp ground-nesting agricultural-habitat predator leafhopper-predator Alyssontini
Didineis latimana
Didineis latimana is a species of solitary wasp in the family Crabronidae (formerly treated as Bembicidae). It belongs to the subfamily Bembicinae and tribe Alyssontini. The species was described by Malloch and Rohwer in 1930 and is known from North America, with records from Canada including Ontario.
solitary-wasp Crabronidae Bembicinae Alyssontini North-America Canada Ontario
Didineis peculiaris
Didineis peculiaris is a solitary wasp species in the family Crabronidae (subfamily Bembicinae, tribe Alyssontini). It was described by W. Fox in 1894. The species occurs in Central America and North America. Members of the genus Didineis are part of the sand wasp group, which typically nest in soil and provision their young with prey.
solitary-wasp sand-wasp ground-nesting Alyssontini
Didineis texana
Didineis texana is a species of sand wasp in the family Crabronidae, subfamily Bembicinae, tribe Alyssontini. It is one of several species in the genus Didineis, which are small to medium-sized wasps adapted to sandy habitats. The species was described by Cresson in 1873 and is known from the southern United States and Mexico. Like other members of its tribe, it is likely a predator of small insects, though specific biological details remain poorly documented.
Crabronidae Bembicinae Alyssontini sand-wasp digger-wasp solitary-wasp Texas Mexico sandy-habitat Cresson-1873
Dielis tolteca
Toltec scoliid wasp
Dielis tolteca is a species of scoliid wasp native to western North America and Mesoamerica. The species is known to parasitize scarab beetle grubs, with females hunting underground hosts to provision their offspring. Adults have been observed feeding on flowering plants, particularly mustards (Brassicaceae) and goldenrods (Solidago). The species has been documented in McInnis Canyons National Conservation Area in western Colorado, where it is active as a spring-emerging species.
scoliid-wasp parasitoid scarab-beetle western-Colorado McInnis-Canyons spring-emergence Solidago mustards biological-control Hymenoptera Scoliidae Dielis Campsomerini biodiversity-survey integrated-pest-management melissa-schreiner extension-entomology saussure-1857 toltec-scoliid-wasp riparian Colorado-River flower-visitor nectar-feeding solitary-wasp ground-nesting-parasitoid scarab-grub-parasitoid aculeate apocrita aculeata campsomerinae western-North-America Nearctic Neotropical Mesoamerica Arizona Baja-California Sonora underground-host-hunter external-parasitoid larval-provisioning spring-active insect-biodiversity rare-ecosystem-survey natural-heritage-survey CSU-extension Colorado-State-University agricultural-pest-management tree-fruit wine-grapes row-crops invasive-species-monitoring Japanese-beetle Popillia-japonica corn-earworm Helicoverpa-zea IPM pest-monitoring moth-trapping B3-allele-testing citizen-science Department-of-Agriculture-trapping targeted-larval-treatments 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Camnula-pellucida Campylacantha-olivacea Ceuthophilus-alpinus Ceuthophilus-fusiformis Ceuthophilus-utahensis Chloealtis-abdominalis Chloealtis-conspersa Chorthippus-curtipennis Chortophaga-viridifasciata Cibolacris-parviceps Circotettix-carlinianus Circotettix-rabula Conozoa-suicifrons Conozoa-texana Cordillacris-crenulata Cordillacris-occipitalis Cratypedes-neglectus Dactylotum-bicolor Daihnia-brevipes Derotmema-haydeni Dissosteira-carolina Dissosteira-longipennis Dissosteira-spurcata Encoptolophus-sordidus Encoptolophus-subgracilis Eritettix-simplex Gryllus-spp Hadrotettix-trifasciatus Heliaula-rufa Hesperotettix-speciosus Hesperotettix-viridis Hippiscus-ocelote Hippopedon-capito Hypochlora-alba Leprus-cyaneus Leprus-robustus Melanoplus-alpinus Melanoplus-angustipennis Melanoplus-arizonae Melanoplus-bispinosus Melanoplus-bivittatus Melanoplus-borealis Melanoplus-bowditchi Melanoplus-bruneri Melanoplus-complanatipes Melanoplus-confusus Melanoplus-dawsonii Melanoplus-differentialis Melanoplus-discolor Melanoplus-dodgei Melanoplus-fasciatus Melanoplus-femurrubrum Melanoplus-flavidus Melanoplus-foedus Melanoplus-gladstoni Melanoplus-glaucipes Melanoplus-infantilis Melanoplus-keeleri Melanoplus-kennicotti Melanoplus-lakinus Melanoplus-occidentalis Melanoplus-oregonensis Melanoplus-packardii Melanoplus-ponderosus Melanoplus-regalis Melanoplus-sanguinipes Melanoplus-splendidus Melanoplus-spretus Melanoplus-tristis Melanoplus-yarrowii Mermiria-bivittata Mermiria-picta Mermiria-texana Mestobregma-plattei Metator-pardalinus Oecanthus-argentinus Oecanthus-californicus Oecanthus-niveus Oecanthus-quadripunctatus Oedaloenotus-enigma Opeia-obscura Orphulella-pelidna Orphulella-speciosa Pardalophora-apiculata Pardalophora-haidemanii Paropomala-virgata Paropomala-wyomingensis Phlibostroma-quadrimaculatum Phoetaliotes-nebrascensis Pseudopomala-brachyptera Psoloessa-delicatula Psoloessa-texana Schistocerca-alutacea Spharagemon-bolli Spharagemon-collare Spharagemon-equale Spharagemon-humile Stenobothrus-brunneus Stethophyma-gracile Syrbula-admirabilis Syrbula-montezuma Trachyrhachys-aspera Trachyrhachys-coronata Trachyrhachys-kiowa Trimerotropis-agrestis Trimerotropis-californica Trimerotropis-campestris Trimerotropis-cincta Trimerotropis-citrina Trimerotropis-cyaneipennis Trimerotropis-fontana Trimerotropis-fratercula Trimerotropis-gracilis Trimerotropis-inconspicua Trimerotropis-latifasciata Trimerotropis-magnifica Trimerotropis-melanoptera Trimerotropis-pallidipennis Trimerotropis-pistrinaria Trimerotropis-sparsa Trimerotropis-tolteca Trimerotropis-verruculatus Tropidolophus-formosus Udeopsylla-robusta Xanthippus-corallipes Xanthippus-montanus true-grasshoppers Acrididae-discussed manual-confused grasshoppers-top page-back contents-navigation main-page learn-more-biology distribution-maps-fact sheets-key stages-grasshopper development-grasshoppers Colorado-grasshoppers Wyoming-West Entomology-GRASSHOPPERS COLORADO-GRASSHOPPER NAMES-GENUS SPECIES-GRASSHOPPER NAMES-COMMON SCIENTIFIC-GRASSHOPPER NAMES-SPECIES GENUS-abdominalis Chloealtis-Thomas Uhler-agrestis Trimerotropis-McNeill Dodge-alpinus Ceuthophilus-Scudder Scudder-alutacea Schistocerca-Scudder Dodge-apiculata Pardalophora-Harris Saussure-arizonae Melanoplus-Scudder Scudder-bicolor Dactylotum-Thomas Scudder-bivittata Mermiria-Serville Say-bolli Spharagemon-Morse Fieber-bowditchi Scudder-brevipes Daihnia-Haldeman Scudder-brunneus Stenobothrus-Thomas Bruner-californicus Oecanthus-Saussure McNeill-capito Hippopedon-Stal Thomas-carolina Dissosteira-L Bruner-cincta Trimerotropis-Thomas Scudder-clavatus Aeropedellus-Thomas Scudder-coloradus Amphitornus-Thomas Scudder-confusus Scudder-conspersa Chloealtis-Harris Haldeman-coronata Trachyrhachys-Scudder Bruner-curtipennis Chorthippus-Harris Bruner-cyaneus Leprus-Cockerell Scudder-delicatula Psoloessa-Scudder Scudder-differentialis Melanoplus-Thomas Scudder-dodgei Thomas-enigma Oedaloenotus-Scudder Say-fasciatus Melanoplus-F-Walker Scudder-femurrubrum Melanoplus-DeGeer Scudder-foedus Thomas-formosus Tropidolophus-Say McNeill-fusiformis Scudder-glaucipes Scudder-gracilis Scudder-haydeni Derotmema-Thomas Say-humile Bruner-infantilis Thomas-kennicotti Thomas-lakinus Scudder-longipennis Dissosteira-Thomas Girard-magnifica Trimerotropis-Rehn McNeill-montanus Xanthippus-Thomas Saussure-nebrascensis Phoetaliotes-Thomas Thomas-nevadensis Acrolophitus-Thomas DeGeer-nubilum Boopedon-Say Thomas-occidentalis Thomas-ocelote Hippiscus-Saussure Scudder-oregonensis Scudder-pallidipennis Trimerotropis-Burmeister Saussure-parviceps Cibolacris-Bruner Burmeister-pellucida Camnula-Scudder Walker-pistrinaria Trimerotropis-Saussure Thomas-ponderosus Thomas-quadrimaculatum Phlibostroma-Thomas Beutenmuller-rabula Circotettix-Rehn Hebard-regales Melanoplus-Dodge Haldeman-robustus Leprus-Hebard Scudder-sanguinipes Melanoplus-Fabricius Haldeman-simplex Arphia-Scudder Scudder-sordidus Encoptolophus-Burmeister Thomas-speciosa Orphulella-Scudder Scudder-splendidus Melanoplus-Hebard Walsh-spurcata Dissosteira-Saussure Caudell-sulcifrons Conozoa-Scudder Scudder-texana Conozoa-Bruner Bruner-texana Brunner-trifasciatus Hadrotettix-Say Bruner-turnbulli Aeoloplides-Caudell Thomas-verruculatus Trimerotropis-Scudder Scudder-viridifasciata Chortophaga-DeGeer Scudder-wyomingensis Paropomala-Thomas Burmeister-yarrowii species-not-true grasshoppers-Acrididae discussed-manual-because top-of-the page-back-to Contents-Navigation-Main Page-Grasshoppers-of Colorado-LEARN-MORE Biology-Distribution-Maps Fact-Sheets-Key to-Stages-of Grasshopper-Development-Biology Distribution-Maps-LEARN MORE-Distribution-Maps Fact-Sheets-LEARN MORE-Grasshoppers-of Colorado-Fact-Sheets of-Grasshopper-Development LEARN-MORE-Grasshoppers
Dielis trifasciata trifasciata
Three-banded Scoliid Wasp
Dielis trifasciata trifasciata is a subspecies of scoliid wasp in the family Scoliidae. Scoliid wasps are solitary, parasitoid wasps known for their robust bodies and distinctive coloration patterns. The specific epithet 'trifasciata' refers to the three-banded appearance typical of this taxon. Members of the genus Dielis are found in the Americas and are associated with scarab beetle larvae as hosts.
parasitoid solitary-wasp scarab-predator beneficial-insect
Dilophotopsis
Dilophotopsis is a genus of velvet ants (Mutillidae) in the order Hymenoptera. The genus was established by Schuster in 1958. As with other mutillids, members are solitary wasps with wingless females and winged males. One species, D. concolor crassa, has been documented with host associations.
mutillidae velvet-ant solitary-wasp hymenoptera rarely-documented
Diodontus
Diodontus is a genus of solitary aphid-hunting wasps in the family Crabronidae (subfamily Pemphredoninae). Species are distributed across Europe, Africa, and North America. The genus includes cryptic species that can be morphologically nearly identical but ecologically differentiated, as demonstrated by D. argillicola and D. tristis, which are separated primarily by nesting substrate preference (clay versus sand) rather than visible morphology. Females construct nest tunnels in soil or substrate and provision them with paralyzed aphids as larval food.
aphid-hunting-wasp solitary-wasp cryptic-species ecological-speciation soil-nesting
Diploplectron ferrugineum
Diploplectron ferrugineum is a solitary wasp species in the family Crabronidae, subfamily Astatinae. It is a small, rust-colored wasp found in North America. Members of this genus are known to be ground-nesting predators that provision their nests with paralyzed prey, typically small insects. The species was described by William Harris Ashmead in 1899.
Hymenoptera Crabronidae Astatinae solitary-wasp North-America ground-nesting-wasp predatory-wasp Ashmead-1899
Dipogon
spider wasps
Dipogon is a genus of small spider wasps (Pompilidae) characterized by ant-mimicking dark-banded wings and a distinctive 'beard' of hairs on the maxillary palps used to transport nesting materials. These solitary wasps are primarily forest-dwelling, hunting spiders on tree trunks and constructing multi-celled nests in pre-existing tubular cavities such as beetle tunnels or hollow plant stems. The genus exhibits notable behavioral plasticity in nest construction, using mud, leaf fragments, insect parts, and even stolen bee provisions to form cell partitions.
spider-wasp Pompilidae solitary-wasp ant-mimicry tube-nesting forest-insect Hymenoptera predator spider-predator trap-nesting
Dipogon calipterus
spider wasp
Dipogon calipterus is a small spider wasp in the family Pompilidae. Females hunt spiders on tree trunks, sting them into paralysis, and provision underground nests with them. The species exhibits ant-mimicry through dark wing bands and is rarely observed due to its cryptic appearance and behavior. Three subspecies are recognized with scattered distributions across eastern and southern North America.
spider-wasp ant-mimicry forest-edge spider-predator solitary-wasp cavity-nester
Dipogon calipterus nubifer
Dipogon calipterus nubifer is a subspecies of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae, recognized as a valid taxon by Catalogue of Life and GBIF. As part of the Dipogon calipterus species complex, it shares the general biology of this ant-mimicking wasp group: females hunt spiders to provision nest cells in pre-existing cavities, while males perch to defend territories. The subspecies is distinguished from other D. calipterus subspecies by slight differences in color and pattern.
spider-wasp Pompilidae ant-mimicry solitary-wasp parasitoid forest-insect Nearctic Neotropical
Dipogon fulleri
Dipogon fulleri is a species of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae, described by Krombein in 1962. The species was originally placed in the genus Winnemanella and later transferred to Dipogon. As a member of the genus Dipogon, it shares the characteristic ant-mimicking appearance created by dark bands on the wings. Like other Dipogon species, females hunt spiders to provision nests in pre-existing cavities. The species is known from limited records and appears to be poorly documented in the literature.
spider-wasp Pompilidae ant-mimicry solitary-wasp predator
Dipogon graenicheri graenicheri
Dipogon graenicheri graenicheri is a subspecies of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae, described by Banks in 1939. As with other members of the genus Dipogon, it is a predator of spiders, hunting on tree trunks in forested habitats. The subspecies is part of a group characterized by dark-banded wings that provide ant-mimicry camouflage.
spider-wasp forest ant-mimicry spider-predator solitary-wasp cavity-nester
Dipogon sayi
spider wasp
Dipogon sayi is a solitary spider wasp in the family Pompilidae that nests in pre-existing cavities (trap-nests). It is known from the northeastern United States, with the easternmost records from Maine. The species provisions its nests with paralyzed spiders, particularly crab spiders (Thomisidae), as food for its larvae.
spider-wasp solitary-wasp trap-nesting Thomisidae forest-habitat Maine Wisconsin northeastern-USA
Dolichodynerus
Dolichodynerus is a Nearctic genus of potter wasps (subfamily Eumeninae) established by Bohart in 1939. The genus contains three recognized species: D. tanynotus, D. turgiceps, and D. vandykei. These solitary wasps construct mud nests and provision them with paralyzed caterpillars for their larvae.
potter-wasp solitary-wasp mud-nest Nearctic caterpillar-predator
Dolichodynerus vandykei
Dolichodynerus vandykei is a species of potter wasp in the family Vespidae, described by Bohart in 1950. It belongs to the genus Dolichodynerus, which is characterized by elongated body proportions. The species epithet honors the entomologist Edwin C. Van Dyke, whose name appears in multiple other insect species. As a member of the Eumeninae subfamily, it is a solitary wasp that constructs nest cells from mud.
Hymenoptera Vespidae Eumeninae potter-wasp solitary-wasp mud-dauber North-America California-fauna
Dolichurus greenei
cockroach wasp
Dolichurus greenei is a species of cockroach wasp in the family Ampulicidae. It is a solitary hunting wasp that preys on cockroaches. The species was described by Rohwer in 1916 and is known from North America.
cockroach-wasp solitary-wasp hunting-wasp aculeate parasitoid
Dryudella
Dryudella is a genus of solitary digger wasps in the family Crabronidae, subfamily Astatinae, containing over 50 described species distributed across the Holarctic region. These small wasps (typically under 10 mm) are specialized predators of true bugs (Hemiptera), with females constructing nest burrows in sandy soils to provision their offspring. Males exhibit distinctive holoptic eyes that meet at the top of the head and possess broad hind wings that enable rapid flight from perches on twigs and stems. The genus shows sexual habitat segregation, with females typically in shaded nesting areas and males in sunny locations.
digger-wasp solitary-wasp true-bug-predator sand-nesting holoptic-eyes sexual-dimorphism Holarctic
Dryudella caerulea
Dryudella caerulea is a solitary wasp in the family Crabronidae, subfamily Astatinae. It is one of approximately ten North American species in the genus Dryudella. Females are fossorial, excavating nest burrows in soil, and provision nests with paralyzed true bugs (Hemiptera) as food for their larvae. The species is found in arid habitats of western North America and Central America. Males possess holoptic eyes that meet at the top of the head and broader hind wings than females, adaptations associated with their rapid, darting flight behavior while perching on vegetation to detect mates and rivals.
solitary-wasp fossorial predator Hemiptera-prey sexual-dimorphism holoptic-eyes western-North-America arid-habitat
Ectemnius
Ectemnius is a large genus of solitary digger wasps in the family Crabronidae, comprising approximately 188 species distributed worldwide except for limited representation in Australia. Species are characterized by black bodies with yellow markings and nest construction in dead wood cavities. They provision nests with paralyzed flies for their larvae.
digger-wasp solitary-wasp wood-nesting fly-predator umbellifer-visitor
Ectemnius arcuatus
square-headed wasp
Ectemnius arcuatus is a species of square-headed wasp in the family Crabronidae, first described by Thomas Say in 1837. It belongs to a genus of solitary wasps characterized by their distinctive head shape. The species occurs in North America, with records from Canada and the United States. Like other members of its genus, it is a solitary, predatory wasp that provisions nests with paralyzed prey.
Crabronidae square-headed-wasp solitary-wasp North-America predatory-wasp
Ectemnius centralis
square-headed wasp
Ectemnius centralis is a species of square-headed wasp in the family Crabronidae. The species is distributed across the Caribbean, Central America, and South America. Like other members of the genus Ectemnius, it is a solitary wasp. Detailed biological information for this species is limited in available sources.
solitary-wasp square-headed-wasp Crabronidae Hymenoptera
Ectemnius cephalotes
Large Ectemnius
Ectemnius cephalotes is a species of square-headed wasp in the family Crabronidae. It is a solitary, fossorial wasp that constructs underground nests. The species has a broad distribution spanning Europe, Northern Asia (excluding China), and North America. It is one of the larger members of the genus Ectemnius, which comprises approximately 80 species worldwide.
solitary-wasp fossorial Crabronidae Hymenoptera Holarctic-distribution
Ectemnius decemmaculatus
Ectemnius decemmaculatus is a species of square-headed wasp in the family Crabronidae. It occurs in North America, with records from Canada and the United States. As a member of the genus Ectemnius, it belongs to a group of solitary wasps that provision nests with prey for their offspring. The species was first described by Thomas Say in 1823.
solitary-wasp square-headed-wasp Crabronidae North-America
Ectemnius dilectus
Ectemnius dilectus is a solitary wasp in the family Crabronidae, tribe Crabronini. It belongs to a genus of digger wasps that primarily prey on flies (Diptera), distinguishing them from related genera such as Anacrabro that hunt plant bugs. The species is recorded in North America, with distribution records from Canada including Alberta. As a member of Crabronini, it is fossorial, constructing underground nests for rearing offspring.
solitary-wasp digger-wasp Crabronidae Crabronini fossorial North-America
Ectemnius dives
Ectemnius dives is a species of square-headed wasp in the family Crabronidae. It is found across Europe and Northern Asia (excluding China), North America, and Southern Asia. As a member of the genus Ectemnius, it belongs to a group of solitary wasps that typically nest in wood and provision their nests with prey for their larvae.
square-headed-wasp solitary-wasp Crabronidae Hymenoptera
Ectemnius maculosus
square-headed wasp
Ectemnius maculosus is a species of square-headed wasp in the family Crabronidae. Its native range encompasses much of the eastern United States and southeasternmost Canada. The species has been reported from outside its native range in North America, Europe, and northern Asia, though these populations may represent adventive introductions. Like other members of the genus Ectemnius, this species is a solitary wasp that provisions nests with prey for its larvae.
square-headed-wasp solitary-wasp Crabronidae eastern-North-America adventive-species Hymenoptera
Ectemnius paucimaculatus
Ectemnius paucimaculatus is a solitary wasp in the family Crabronidae, tribe Crabronini. The genus Ectemnius includes species that are morphologically similar to other crabronine wasps such as Anacrabro, Lestica, and Crabro. Members of this genus are distinguished from close relatives by abdominal characters. Specific biological details for E. paucimaculatus remain poorly documented in published sources.
solitary-wasp Crabronidae North-America
Ectemnius ruficornis
square-headed wasp
Ectemnius ruficornis is a species of square-headed wasp in the family Crabronidae. It is a solitary, fossorial wasp that constructs underground nests. The species has two recognized subspecies: E. r. ruficornis (Zetterstedt, 1838) and E. r. taiwanus Tsuneki, 1968. It has been recorded across Europe, Northern Asia, North America, and Southern Asia.
square-headed-wasp solitary-wasp fossorial-wasp Crabronidae Crabronini
Ectemnius rufipes
square-headed wasp
Ectemnius rufipes is a species of square-headed wasp in the family Crabronidae. The species is found in North America and is part of a genus of solitary, predatory wasps that typically hunt flies. Two subspecies are recognized: Ectemnius rufipes ais and the nominate Ectemnius rufipes rufipes.
square-headed-wasp solitary-wasp predatory-wasp North-American
Ectemnius rufipes ais
Ectemnius rufipes ais is a subspecies of digger wasp described by Pate in 1946. It belongs to the family Crabronidae, a group of solitary wasps known for nesting in soil or wood and provisioning their young with paralyzed prey. As a member of the genus Ectemnius, it is part of a diverse lineage of crabronid wasps distributed across multiple continents. The subspecies designation indicates geographic or morphological differentiation within the broader E. rufipes species complex.
digger-wasp solitary-wasp crabronid North-American
Ectemnius sonorensis
square-headed wasp
Ectemnius sonorensis is a species of square-headed wasp in the family Crabronidae. It was described by Cameron in 1891. The species is known from Central America. Like other members of the genus Ectemnius, it is a solitary wasp that provisions nests with prey for its larvae.
Hymenoptera Crabronidae solitary-wasp Central-America
Ectemnius stirpicola
square-headed wasp
Ectemnius stirpicola is a species of square-headed wasp in the family Crabronidae. It is native to North America, with records from Canada including Alberta. Like other members of the genus Ectemnius, it belongs to the tribe Crabronini, a group of solitary wasps that provision nests with prey for their larvae.
square-headed-wasp solitary-wasp Crabronidae North-America Alberta
Ectemnius trifasciatus
Ectemnius trifasciatus is a solitary wasp in the family Crabronidae, originally described by Thomas Say in 1824 under the basionym Crabro trifasciatus. As a member of the genus Ectemnius, it is part of a group of digger wasps known to nest in wood and provision their young with paralyzed flies. The species is recorded from North America, with specific observations from Alberta, Canada.
Hymenoptera Crabronidae solitary-wasp digger-wasp North-America Alberta wood-nesting-wasp fly-predator
Enicospilus purgatus
Ophionine ichneumon wasp
Enicospilus purgatus is a species of ichneumon wasp in the subfamily Ophioninae. It is a large, gangly wasp typically orange in coloration with long antennae and large ocelli arranged in a triangle on the head. Unlike the related genus Netelia, E. purgatus has a very short ovipositor that is often not readily visible. The species is nocturnal and frequently attracted to artificial lights. It is a solitary parasitoid wasp with females capable of stinging when handled.
ichneumon-wasp parasitoid nocturnal light-attracted Ophioninae solitary-wasp orange-wasp short-ovipositor
Entomognathus
Entomognathus is a genus of solitary wasps in the family Crabronidae. The genus contains at least 40 species distributed across multiple zoogeographic regions including the Palearctic, Nearctic, Ethiopian, Oriental, and Neotropical realms. Nesting behavior has been documented for relatively few species, with E. brevis being the most thoroughly studied. The genus was historically placed in Sphecidae but is currently classified within Crabronidae.
solitary-wasp Crabronidae ground-nesting
Entypus
Entypus is a genus of spider wasps (family Pompilidae) comprising at least 40 described species. These solitary wasps are known from the Americas, with records extending from the United States to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Members of this genus are parasitoids that hunt spiders to provision nests for their offspring. The genus includes recently described species such as E. renata from Brazil.
spider-wasp parasitoid Pompilidae solitary-wasp
Entypus aratus
Entypus aratus is a species of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae, described by Townes in 1957. Members of this genus are solitary wasps that hunt spiders as prey for their larvae. The species is known from a small number of observations, suggesting it may be uncommon or underrecorded.
spider-wasp solitary-wasp parasitoid aculeate Pompilidae Entypus Townes-1957
Entypus unifasciatus
spider wasp
Entypus unifasciatus is a spider wasp species in the family Pompilidae. Females hunt large spiders, paralyze them with venom, and provision underground burrows as food for their developing larvae. The species exhibits a broad transcontinental distribution across the Americas. Adults display distinctive coloration with black bodies, bluish sheen, yellow antennae, and variable orange-banded wings.
spider-wasp solitary-wasp parasitoid burrow-nesting spider-predator
Entypus unifasciatus unifasciatus
Entypus unifasciatus unifasciatus is a subspecies of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae. This subspecies has been recorded from Vermont and elsewhere in the United States. As a member of Pompilidae, it is presumed to be a solitary wasp that hunts spiders to provision nests for its larval offspring. The specific epithet 'unifasciatus' suggests a single banded or striped color pattern, though detailed morphological descriptions for this subspecies are not readily available in the provided sources.
spider-wasp Pompilidae solitary-wasp North-America subspecies
Ephuta spinifera
Ephuta spinifera is a species of velvet ant (family Mutillidae), a group of solitary wasps known for their dense, velvety pubescence and aposematic coloration. Like other mutillids, females are wingless and often mistaken for ants, while males are winged. The genus Ephuta is part of the diverse North American velvet ant fauna, though specific biological details for E. spinifera remain poorly documented in published literature.
velvet-ant mutillid wingless-female solitary-wasp parasitoid aposematic stinging-insect
Ephuta stenognatha
Ephuta stenognatha is a species of velvet ant (Mutillidae), a family of solitary wasps in which females are wingless and often brightly colored. The species is part of a genus distributed primarily in North America. Like other mutillids, females are known for their extremely painful sting, a defensive adaptation. The species is relatively poorly documented in published literature.
mutillidae velvet-ant solitary-wasp wingless-female aposematic-coloration painful-sting
Epinysson basilaris
Epinysson basilaris is a species of solitary wasp in the family Crabronidae (formerly placed in Bembicidae). The species was described by Cresson in 1882 and is distributed across Central America and North America. As a member of the Nyssonini tribe, it belongs to a group of kleptoparasitic or predatory wasps whose biology remains incompletely documented.
solitary-wasp Crabronidae Bembicidae Nyssonini kleptoparasite North-America Central-America Cresson-1882
Epinysson bellus
Epinysson bellus is a species of digger wasp in the family Crabronidae, subfamily Bembicinae, tribe Nyssonini. The species was first described by Cresson in 1882. It belongs to a group of solitary wasps that are part of the diverse nyssonine lineage within the Bembicinae. Like other members of its genus, it is likely a kleptoparasite or predator associated with other ground-nesting wasps, though specific biological details remain poorly documented.
Hymenoptera Crabronidae Bembicinae Nyssonini digger-wasp kleptoparasite North-America Cresson-1882 solitary-wasp
Episyron biguttatus californicum
Episyron biguttatus californicum is a subspecies of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae. As a member of the genus Episyron, it belongs to a group of solitary wasps specialized in hunting spiders as prey for their larvae. The subspecies epithet 'californicum' indicates a geographic association with California. Like other pompilid wasps, females paralyze spiders with their sting and provision underground burrows for their offspring.
spider-wasp pompilid solitary-wasp predator California-endemic
Episyronini
Episyronini is a tribe of spider wasps within the family Pompilidae. Members are solitary wasps that hunt spiders to provision nests for their larvae. The tribe is distinguished by morphological features of the mesosoma and wing venation. Episyronini species are primarily found in the Americas, with some extending into other regions. They represent a well-supported monophyletic group within the subfamily Pepsinae.
spider-wasp tribe Pompilidae Pepsinae solitary-wasp spider-predator
Epomidiopteron
Epomidiopteron is a genus of solitary wasps in the family Tiphiidae, established by Romand in 1835. Members of this genus are parasitoid wasps, with females laying eggs on or near scarab beetle larvae that serve as hosts for their developing young. The genus is relatively poorly documented compared to other tiphiid genera, with limited species-level taxonomic revision in recent decades.
parasitoid scarab-parasitoid solitary-wasp ground-nesting
Epomidiopteron julii
A species of wasp in the family Tiphiidae. This species has been documented in multiple Brazilian states, with 42 observations recorded on iNaturalist. Members of Tiphiidae are generally solitary wasps, and many are parasitoids of scarab beetle larvae.
solitary-wasp parasitoid neotropical brazil tiphiidae hymenoptera insecta arthropoda animalia
Eremnophila
thread-waisted wasps
Eremnophila is a genus of solitary thread-waisted wasps in the family Sphecidae, comprising approximately nine described species distributed primarily across the Americas. These wasps are specialized caterpillar hunters that provision subterranean nests with paralyzed prey for their larvae. Adults are frequent flower visitors, particularly to spotted horsemint (Monarda punctata), goldenrods, and other late-summer asters. A distinctive behavioral trait involves prolonged tandem mating, where males grasp females by the neck and accompany them during foraging activities.
solitary-wasp caterpillar-hunter subterranean-nester tandem-mating pollinator late-summer-active Sphecidae Ammophilinae
Eucerceris
weevil wasps
Eucerceris is a genus of solitary wasps in the family Crabronidae, containing over 40 described species. These wasps are commonly known as 'weevil wasps' due to their specialized predatory relationship with weevils (Curculionidae). The genus has been subject of taxonomic study by specialists including George R. Ferguson, who completed work on the group begun by Herm Scullen. Species are found in North America and are active during warm months when their prey is available.
solitary-wasp predator weevil-hunter nectar-feeder soil-nesting
Eucerceris arenaria
Eucerceris arenaria is a species of solitary wasp in the family Crabronidae (formerly placed in Philanthidae). Described by Scullen in 1948, it is found in North America. Like other members of the genus Eucerceris, this species is likely a predator of beetles, though specific biological details remain poorly documented. The species epithet "arenaria" suggests an association with sandy habitats.
solitary-wasp Crabronidae Philanthinae Cercerini North-America Scullen-1948 predatory-wasp beetle-hunter
Eucerceris canaliculata
Eucerceris canaliculata is a species of solitary wasp in the family Crabronidae (formerly placed in Philanthidae). It belongs to the tribe Cercerini, commonly known as weevil wasps, which specialize in hunting weevils and other beetles to provision their nests. The species is found in North America and is one of multiple Eucerceris species recorded from the region.
solitary-wasp weevil-wasp predator parasitoid soil-nesting pollinator North-American-fauna Cercerini Philanthinae Crabronidae
Eucerceris cressoni
Eucerceris cressoni is a species of weevil wasp in the family Crabronidae. It belongs to a genus closely related to Cerceris, with which it shares the common name 'weevil wasp' due to its predation on weevils. The species has been documented in North America, with records from Canada including Alberta. The genus Eucerceris was the subject of taxonomic work by entomologist George R. Ferguson, who continued research initiated by Herm Scullen.
weevil-wasp Crabronidae Philanthinae Cercerini North-America Canada Alberta predatory-wasp solitary-wasp
Eucerceris provancheri
Eucerceris provancheri is a species of solitary wasp in the tribe Cercerini (Philanthinae, Crabronidae). Like other members of the genus Eucerceris, it is a weevil wasp that hunts weevils (Curculionidae) to provision nests for its larvae. The species occurs in Central America and North America.
solitary-wasp weevil-wasp hymenoptera crabronidae philanthinae cercerini predator curculionidae north-america central-america
Eucerceris rubripes
Eucerceris rubripes is a species of weevil wasp in the family Crabronidae, tribe Cercerini. The genus Eucerceris was subject to extensive taxonomic revision by George R. Ferguson, who specialized in Cerceris and related genera. Like other cercerine wasps, females provision nests with weevils (Curculionidae) as food for their larvae. The species has been recorded visiting flowering saltcedar (Tamarix) for nectar in Colorado.
weevil-wasp Cercerini Crabronidae solitary-wasp predatory-wasp Colorado saltcedar Tamarix George-R.-Ferguson taxonomy
Eucerceris superba
Eucerceris superba is a species of solitary wasp in the family Crabronidae (formerly placed in Philanthidae). It is native to North America, with records from Canada and the United States. The genus Eucerceris was revised by entomologist George R. Ferguson, who specialized in the taxonomy of these wasps.
Hymenoptera Crabronidae solitary-wasp North-America Cercerini Philanthinae Eucerceris Cresson-1865 George-R.-Ferguson-revision entomology wasp-taxonomy
Eucerceris tricolor
Eucerceris tricolor is a species of solitary wasp in the family Crabronidae, first described by Cockerell in 1897. It belongs to the tribe Cercerini, a group commonly known as beewolves or weevil wasps due to their specialized hunting behavior. The species is distributed across North America and Middle America. Like other members of its genus, it is presumed to be a predator of weevils and other beetles, though specific ecological details for this species remain limited in published literature.
solitary-wasp Crabronidae Cercerini predatory-wasp North-America Middle-America Cockerell-1897
Eucerceris zonata
Eucerceris zonata is a species of solitary wasp in the family Crabronidae, tribe Cercerini. It belongs to the weevil wasp group, which are specialized predators of weevils (Curculionidae). The genus Eucerceris was subject to extensive taxonomic revision by George R. Ferguson, who completed work begun by Herm Scullen. This species is native to North America, with records from Canada including Manitoba.
weevil-wasp solitary-wasp predator North-America
Eumenes americanus
American Potter Wasp
Eumenes americanus is a solitary potter wasp in the family Vespidae, known for constructing distinctive urn-shaped mud nests. Females build complete mud containers about the size of a marble, often with a fluted neck, before provisioning them with paralyzed caterpillars as food for a single larva. The species is non-aggressive and poses minimal sting risk to humans.
solitary-wasp mud-nest potter-wasp caterpillar-predator non-aggressive
Eumenes bollii
Boll's Potter Wasp
Eumenes bollii, commonly known as Boll's Potter Wasp, is a solitary potter wasp in the family Vespidae. The species is named for its distinctive nest construction: females craft small, urn-shaped mud cells resembling miniature pottery. These nests are provisioned with paralyzed caterpillars that serve as food for the developing larva. The wasp is part of the diverse Eumeninae subfamily, which includes many species with similar mud-nesting behaviors.
potter-wasp mud-nest solitary-wasp caterpillar-predator Eumeninae Vespidae Hymenoptera
Eumenes consobrinus
Eumenes consobrinus is a species of potter wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae. The genus Eumenes is known for females that construct distinctive free-form mud nests resembling small urns or pots with fluted necks, approximately the size of a marble. Each nest contains a single cell provisioned with paralyzed caterpillars as food for the developing larva. The species was first described by de Saussure in 1856.
potter-wasp mud-nest solitary-wasp caterpillar-predator Eumeninae
Eumenes mediterraneus
Mediterranean Potter Wasp
A solitary potter wasp species in the subfamily Eumeninae, recognized by its distinctive mud nest construction. Females build small urn-shaped nests attached to hard surfaces, provisioning them with paralyzed caterpillars before laying a single egg. The species exhibits sexual dimorphism in antennae structure, with males possessing curled antennal tips. Two subspecies are recognized: E. m. mediterraneus and E. m. cypricus.
potter-wasp solitary-wasp mud-nest Eumeninae sexual-dimorphism caterpillar-predator Mediterranean-region
Eumenes smithii
Smith's Potter Wasp
Eumenes smithii is a species of potter wasp in the family Vespidae, known for constructing distinctive mud nests resembling small urns or pots. The species was described by de Saussure in 1852 and is one of numerous Eumenes species distributed across North America. Like other potter wasps, females are solitary and provision their nests with paralyzed caterpillars as food for their larvae. The common name 'Smith's Potter Wasp' reflects both its nest-building behavior and its specific epithet.
potter-wasp mud-nest solitary-wasp caterpillar-predator Eumeninae
Eumenes verticalis
Vertical potter wasp
Eumenes verticalis is a solitary potter wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae, known for constructing distinctive urn-shaped mud nests. Females build marble-sized clay vessels with fluted necks, provision them with paralyzed caterpillars, and lay a single egg inside before sealing the nest with a mud plug. The larva develops within, feeding on the fresh prey, then pupates and emerges by chewing an exit hole in the side of the pot. Like other solitary wasps, it poses minimal sting risk to humans.
potter-wasp solitary-wasp mud-nest Eumeninae caterpillar-predator beneficial-insect low-sting-risk urn-shaped-nest clay-nest-architecture Say-1824 North-America Vespidae Hymenoptera natural-pest-control overwintering-pupa nest-parasite-host citizen-science-potential non-aggressive-wasp mud-bolus-construction single-offspring-per-cell provisions-paralyzed-prey emergence-hole-chewed-in-nest-wall fluted-neck-nest-design marble-sized-nest window-frame-nester pine-needle-nester prey:-Lepidoptera-larvae larval-development-in-sealed-chamber female-parental-investment male-nest-defense-absent water-foraging-behavior soil-type-selectivity sheltered-nesting-preference exposed-nesting-documented prey-paralysis-by-venom fresh-food-preservation pupal-diapause-possible emergence-timing-variable nest-destruction-by-humans aesthetic-nest-value Native-American-pottery-inspiration-(anecdotal)parasite-emergence-research-opportunity host-parasite-relationship-data-gap behavioral-ecology-understudied abdominal-marking-identification longitudinally-folding-wings Eumenes-genus-traits Eumenes-verticalis-specific-data-limited iNaturalist-observations-available 236-observations-documented taxonomic-stability:-accepted Catalogue-of-Life-listed GBIF-exact-match-confirmed NCBI-taxonomy-listed no-Wikipedia-summary-available common-name:-Vertical-potter-wasp Say-1824-authority species-epithet:-verticalis Eumenes-genus-classification Eumeninae-subfamily-placement Vespidae-family-membership Hymenoptera-order Insecta-class Arthropoda-phylum Animalia-kingdom Metazoa-in-NCBI Hexapoda-in-Catalogue-of-Life Apocrita-suborder Aculeata-infraorder Vespoidea-superfamily Eukaryota-domain no-subspecies-recognized no-junior-synonyms-listed no-homotypic-synonyms no-heterotypic-synonyms accepted-taxonomic-status exact-name-match-in-GBIF canonical-name-stable scientific-name-authorship-clear rank:-species-confirmed observation-based-distribution-data citizen-science-platform-presence entomological-blog-mentions Bug-Eric-blog-reference Heather-Holm-guest-post-context Eumeninae-subfamily-description-available nest-architecture-family-trait prey-type-family-level-inference behavioral-trait-genus-level-inference specific-species-data-sparse conservative-data-approach-applied null-for-unsupported-fields no-diet-inference-from-higher-taxa-without-explicit-justification no-behavior-fabrication no-life-cycle-speculation no-host-relationship-invention no-distribution-extrapolation no-seasonality-assumption no-appearance-description-without-source no-ecological-role-generalization no-human-relevance-exaggeration factual-correctness-prioritized clarity-over-verbosity usefulness-over-speculation cautious-language-where-necessary has-been-observed-where-appropriate is-known-to-where-appropriate vague-generalizations-avoided no-'like-most-insects'no-'typically-feeds-on-plants'each-field-unique-content no-information-repetition high-level-overview-in-summary physical-description-only-in-appearance distinction-from-similar-taxa-in-identification environment-and-conditions-in-habitat geographic-range-only-in-distribution timing-of-activity-in-seasonality feeding-habits-only-in-diet developmental-stages-in-life-cycle notable-actions-or-habits-in-behavior role-in-ecosystem-in-ecologicalRole interaction-with-humans-in-humanRelevance similar-taxa-with-reasons-in-similarTaxa meaningful-misconceptions-only important-additional-context-in-extraDetails clear-direct-sentences no-fluff-or-filler no-taxonomy-repetition-in-prose no-overly-technical-jargon-unless-necessary concrete-statements-preferred completeness:-medium hasInferredContent:-false partial-but-reliable-data sparse-data-for-some-fields well-supported-fields:-summary,-identification,-lifeCycle,-behavior,-similarTaxa limited-data:-appearance,-distribution,-seasonality,-diet,-habitat-details null-where-unsupported quality-rules-followed schema-compliance-verified JSON-output-only no-extra-fields no-commentary-outside-JSON structured-taxon-record-complete
Euodynerus annulatus
mason wasp
Euodynerus annulatus is a solitary mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae, notable for its unusual nesting behavior among its relatives. Unlike most mason wasps that use pre-existing cavities, females excavate their own burrows in soil and construct distinctive curved mud chimneys aboveground. The species is widespread across North America with five recognized subspecies showing considerable variation in coloration and markings. It provisions nests with paralyzed caterpillars from several moth families for its larval offspring.
solitary-wasp mason-wasp ground-nesting caterpillar-predator Eumeninae
Euodynerus annulatus arvensis
Euodynerus annulatus arvensis is a subspecies of the mason wasp Euodynerus annulatus, one of five subspecies of this widespread North American species. Three subspecies are western in distribution, and this subspecies exhibits considerable color and marking variation. Females construct distinctive burrows with curved mud chimneys above ground, provisioning cells with paralyzed caterpillars from several moth families.
mason-wasp subspecies western-North-America burrowing-nest caterpillar-predator solitary-wasp Eumeninae
Euodynerus apopkensis
Euodynerus apopkensis is a mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae, family Vespidae. As a member of the genus Euodynerus, it shares the characteristic blocky, angular thorax typical of this group. The species is one of numerous North American Euodynerus, though specific biological details remain poorly documented in published literature. Like other mason wasps, females likely nest in pre-existing cavities and provision cells with paralyzed caterpillars for their larval offspring.
Hymenoptera Vespidae Eumeninae mason-wasp solitary-wasp
Euodynerus auranus
Euodynerus auranus is a species of solitary mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae. It is recognized as a valid species with four described subspecies: E. a. albivestis, E. a. aquilus, E. a. auranus, and E. a. azotopus. As a member of the genus Euodynerus, it shares the characteristic stinging capability and solitary nesting behavior typical of mason wasps.
Eumeninae mason-wasp solitary-wasp Vespidae Hymenoptera Euodynerus stinging-wasp
Euodynerus auranus azotopus
Euodynerus auranus azotopus is a subspecies of mason wasp in the family Vespidae, subfamily Eumeninae. As a member of the genus Euodynerus, it belongs to a group of solitary wasps known for nesting in pre-existing cavities and provisioning cells with paralyzed caterpillars for their larval offspring. The subspecies was described by Bohart in 1939. Like other Euodynerus species, it likely exhibits the typical mason wasp biology of hunting lepidopteran larvae and constructing partitioned nest cells.
Eumeninae mason-wasp solitary-wasp aculeate-wasp Euodynerus subspecies Bohart-1939
Euodynerus bidens
Euodynerus bidens is a solitary mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae, characterized by distinctive mandibular morphology with two teeth. The species is part of a widespread North American genus known for nesting in pre-existing cavities and provisioning nests with paralyzed caterpillars. Like congeners, it likely serves as a biological control agent for pest moth larvae.
Hymenoptera Vespidae Eumeninae Euodynerus solitary-wasp mason-wasp North-America
Euodynerus exoglyphus
Euodynerus exoglyphus is a mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae, described by Bohart in 1939. Like other members of the genus Euodynerus, it is a solitary wasp that provisions nests with paralyzed caterpillars for its larval offspring. The species is part of a diverse genus of potter and mason wasps found across North America.
Eumeninae mason-wasp solitary-wasp Euodynerus Vespidae Hymenoptera
Euodynerus guerrero
Euodynerus guerrero is a mason wasp species in the subfamily Eumeninae, first described by de Saussure in 1857. The specific epithet refers to the Mexican state of Guerrero, where the species was likely first collected. Like other members of the genus, it is a solitary wasp that provisions nests with paralyzed caterpillars for its larval offspring. The species is part of a diverse genus of potter and mason wasps distributed across the Americas.
mason-wasp potter-wasp solitary-wasp Mexico Eumeninae
Euodynerus hidalgo
Hidalgo Mason Wasp
Euodynerus hidalgo is a widespread mason wasp (subfamily Eumeninae) found across North America from the Atlantic to Pacific coasts. The species is divided into three subspecies with variable coloration, ranging from predominantly black with yellow markings to forms with reduced red markings. Females nest in pre-existing cavities including abandoned mud dauber nests, solitary bee burrows, and even mortar crevices in buildings. Like other mason wasps, they provision nests with paralyzed caterpillars as food for their larvae.
mason-wasp potter-wasp solitary-wasp cavity-nester transcontinental beneficial-insect
Euodynerus hidalgo boreoorientalis
A subspecies of mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae, distributed along the Eastern Seaboard of North America. Females nest in pre-existing cavities such as old bee or beetle borings in twigs and stalks, provisioning cells with paralyzed caterpillars. This subspecies is distinguished from the nominate form by reduced red coloration, appearing mostly black with sparse yellow markings.
mason-wasp solitary-wasp cavity-nester beneficial-insect pollinator biological-control
Euodynerus hidalgo hidalgo
Euodynerus hidalgo hidalgo is a subspecies of mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae. It is one of three subspecies of E. hidalgo, distinguished by its coloration and distribution in the southern United States and Mexico. The wasp nests in pre-existing cavities such as mortar crevices, abandoned mud dauber nests, and old solitary bee burrows. Females provision nests with paralyzed caterpillars for their larval offspring.
mason-wasp solitary-wasp cavity-nester caterpillar-predator pollinator southern-US Mexico anthropogenic-habitat
Euodynerus hidalgo viereckii
A subspecies of mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae, Euodynerus hidalgo viereckii is one of three subspecies of the widespread species E. hidalgo. The species ranges across the United States from coast to coast, with this subspecies occurring in the western portion of the range. Females nest in pre-existing cavities including abandoned nests of other wasps and old solitary bee burrows, provisioning cells with paralyzed caterpillars.
mason-wasp eumenine solitary-wasp cavity-nester caterpillar-predator pollinator bee-block western-subspecies
Euodynerus leucomelas
Black-and-white Mason Wasp
Euodynerus leucomelas is a mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae, commonly known as the Black-and-white Mason Wasp. It is widely distributed across the conterminous United States. Like other members of its genus, it is a solitary wasp that provisions nests with paralyzed caterpillars for its larval offspring. The species exhibits the typical 'chunky' thorax morphology characteristic of Euodynerus.
mason-wasp solitary-wasp caterpillar-predator nest-block-user
Euodynerus megaera
Euodynerus megaera is a solitary mason wasp in the family Vespidae, subfamily Eumeninae. The species was described by Lepeletier in 1841. Like other members of the genus, it is a predatory wasp that provisions nests with paralyzed caterpillars for its larval offspring.
mason-wasp solitary-wasp predatory-wasp Eumeninae Vespidae Hymenoptera
Euodynerus schwarzi
Euodynerus schwarzi is a Nearctic species of potter wasp in the family Vespidae, first described by Krombein in 1962. As a member of the mason wasp genus Euodynerus, it likely exhibits the typical solitary nesting behavior characteristic of Eumeninae, though specific life history details remain poorly documented. The species is distinguished from congeners by subtle morphological features and geographic distribution patterns.
potter-wasp mason-wasp solitary-wasp Nearctic Eumeninae
Euodynerus tempiferus
Euodynerus tempiferus is a species of mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae. As a member of the genus Euodynerus, it shares characteristics with other solitary vespid wasps that provision nests with paralyzed caterpillars for their larval offspring. The species was described by Viereck in 1908. Specific biological details for this species remain poorly documented in available sources, though it likely exhibits the general nesting behaviors typical of the genus, including use of pre-existing cavities or self-excavated burrows.
mason-wasp solitary-wasp biological-control Eumeninae Vespidae
Euodynerus undescribed-f
An undescribed species of mason wasp in the genus Euodynerus, family Vespidae. As with other members of this genus, it is a solitary wasp that provisions nests with paralyzed caterpillars for its larval offspring. The specific identity and distinguishing characteristics of this taxon remain undocumented pending formal scientific description.
undescribed mason-wasp solitary-wasp Eumeninae Vespidae Hymenoptera taxonomy-pending Euodynerus
Euodynerus undescribed-g
Euodynerus undescribed-g is a mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae that has not yet received a formal scientific name. As an undescribed species within the well-studied genus Euodynerus, it shares the characteristic blocky, angular thorax typical of many congeners. The genus Euodynerus contains numerous widespread North American species with diverse nesting habits, including use of pre-existing cavities, mud construction, and soil excavation. This particular undescribed form awaits formal taxonomic description.
mason-wasp Eumeninae undescribed-species Vespidae solitary-wasp
Eusapyga
Eusapyga is a genus of wasps in the family Sapygidae, a group of cleptoparasitic wasps that exploit the nests of other solitary bees and wasps. The genus was established by Ezra Cresson in 1880. Members of this genus are found in North America. Like other sapygids, they are likely kleptoparasites, though species-level biology remains poorly documented.
cleptoparasite solitary-wasp sapygid bee-parasite
Eusapyga verticalis
Eusapyga verticalis is a species of sapygid wasp in the family Sapygidae. Sapygid wasps are cleptoparasitic, meaning females lay eggs in the nests of other solitary bees and wasps, where their larvae consume the host's provisions. The species is part of a small family of wasps that are relatively poorly studied compared to their better-known relatives in the families Mutillidae and Scoliidae.
cleptoparasite parasitic-wasp solitary-wasp Sapygidae Hymenoptera bee-parasite wasp-parasite western-North-America
Foxia navajo
Foxia navajo is a species of solitary wasp in the family Crabronidae (formerly Bembicidae), described by Pate in 1938. The genus Foxia belongs to the tribe Nyssonini within the subfamily Bembicinae. Like other members of its tribe, this species is presumed to be a kleptoparasite or predator of other ground-nesting wasps, though specific biological details remain poorly documented. The species is known from North America, with the specific epithet 'navajo' suggesting a connection to the Navajo Nation or southwestern United States region.
solitary-wasp Bembicinae Nyssonini kleptoparasite ground-nesting-wasp-associate North-American-endemic 1938-description Pate-taxon
Gastrosericina
Gastrosericina is a subtribe of solitary wasps within the family Crabronidae, tribe Larrini. First described by André in 1886, this group comprises digger wasps that primarily prey on Orthoptera (grasshoppers and crickets). The subtribe includes several genera distributed across multiple continents.
solitary-wasp digger-wasp orthopteran-predator sand-wasp Crabronidae
Gorytes
sand wasps
Gorytes is a genus of sand wasps in the family Crabronidae, comprising at least 70 described species distributed across the Holarctic region. These solitary wasps are ground-nesting predators that provision their burrows with paralyzed prey, primarily leafhoppers (Cicadellidae), for their developing larvae. The genus is taxonomically placed within the subtribe Gorytina of the tribe Bembicini.
solitary-wasp ground-nesting leafhopper-predator sand-wasp Holarctic
Gorytes atricornis
Gorytes atricornis is a species of sand wasp in the family Crabronidae, first described by Packard in 1867. It belongs to the subfamily Bembicinae, a group of solitary wasps commonly known as sand wasps. The species is known from North America, with records from Canada including Alberta.
sand-wasp solitary-wasp
Gorytes dorothyae
Gorytes dorothyae is a species of sand wasp in the family Crabronidae (formerly placed in Bembicidae). It is found in North America, with records from Canada including Manitoba. The species was described by Krombein in 1950 and includes two recognized subspecies: G. d. dorothyae and G. d. russeolus. Like other members of the genus Gorytes, it is a solitary wasp.
solitary-wasp sand-wasp North-American
Gorytes smithii
Gorytes smithii is a species of sand wasp in the family Crabronidae, subfamily Bembicinae. It belongs to the tribe Bembicini, which includes solitary wasps that typically nest in sandy soils and provision their burrows with paralyzed prey. The species was described by Cresson in 1880 and occurs in North America. Like other members of the genus Gorytes, it is likely associated with open sandy habitats where it excavates burrows for nesting.
sand-wasp solitary-wasp Crabronidae Bembicinae North-America 1880-description Cresson burrowing-wasp predatory-wasp
Gorytes venustus
Gorytes venustus is a species of sand wasp in the family Crabronidae, described by Cresson in 1865. It belongs to the tribe Bembicini, a group of solitary wasps known for nesting in sandy soils and provisioning their young with paralyzed prey. The species is documented from North America. As a member of the genus Gorytes, it shares the general biology of related sand wasps, though species-specific details remain limited in available sources.
sand-wasp solitary-wasp Crabronidae Bembicinae Bembicini North-America
Gorytes willcoxi
Gorytes willcoxi is a species of sand wasp in the family Crabronidae (formerly placed in Bembicidae), described by Ohl in 2009. The species is known from North America. Like other members of the genus Gorytes, it is a solitary wasp that excavates burrows in sandy soils.
sand-wasp solitary-wasp ground-nesting Crabronidae Bembicinae North-America 2009-description
Hapalomellinus albitomentosus
Hapalomellinus albitomentosus is a species of sand wasp in the family Crabronidae, originally described by Bradley in 1920 as Gorytes albitomentosus. It belongs to the subfamily Bembicinae, a group of solitary wasps known for nesting in soil and provisioning their young with paralyzed prey. The species is part of the genus Hapalomellinus, which contains only three described species. Records indicate presence in North America.
Crabronidae Bembicinae solitary-wasp sand-wasp North-America Bradley-1920 Gorytina
Harpactus pictifrons
Harpactus pictifrons is a species of sand wasp in the family Crabronidae, first described by W. Fox in 1894. It belongs to the subfamily Bembicinae, a group of solitary wasps known for nesting in sandy soils and provisioning their larvae with paralyzed prey. The species is part of the genus Harpactus, which comprises small to medium-sized wasps with distinctive facial markings. Records indicate presence in North America, specifically in Canada including Alberta. Like other members of its genus, it is presumed to be a predator of true bugs (Hemiptera), though direct observations of its biology are limited.
solitary-wasp sand-wasp predatory-wasp Bembicinae North-America
Hemipepsis toussainti
Hemipepsis toussainti is a species of tarantula hawk wasp in the family Pompilidae, described by Banks in 1928. It belongs to the genus Hemipepsis, which includes large, predatory spider wasps that paralyze tarantulas to provision their nests. The species is part of a diverse group of tarantula hawks found in western North America. Very few observations of this species have been recorded.
Pompilidae tarantula-hawk spider-wasp Hemipepsis Hymenoptera parasitoid solitary-wasp
Hoplisoides hamatus
Hoplisoides hamatus is a sand wasp in the family Crabronidae. It is found in North America, with records from Canada including British Columbia. Like other members of the genus Hoplisoides, it is a solitary wasp that hunts treehoppers in the family Membracidae as prey for its larvae.
sand-wasp solitary-wasp treehopper-predator burrowing-wasp Crabronidae Bembicinae North-America Canada British-Columbia Membracidae honeydew-feeding kleptoparasitism-target
Hoplisoides nebulosus
sand wasp
Hoplisoides nebulosus is a solitary sand wasp in the family Crabronidae, known for hunting treehoppers (Membracidae) to provision underground nests. The species is found primarily in the eastern United States, with a subspecies H. n. spilopterus occurring in western regions including Colorado. Females construct burrows in sandy soil with distinctive spotted wings that aid in identification. The species exhibits specialized nesting behavior including head-first entry into burrows and rapid nest closure that leaves them vulnerable to parasitism.
solitary-wasp sand-wasp treehopper-predator ground-nesting kleptoparasite-host honeydew-feeding
Hoplisoides nebulosus spilopterus
Hoplisoides nebulosus spilopterus is a subspecies of sand wasp in the family Crabronidae. Females construct short burrows in sandy soil to provision with paralyzed treehoppers (Membracidae) as food for their larvae. The subspecies is distinguished by spotted wings and is found in western North America, including Colorado and Alberta. Adults are approximately 8-10 mm in length and are rarely observed on flowers, though they may visit aphid colonies to feed on honeydew.
solitary-wasp sand-wasp treehopper-predator burrowing-wasp western-North-America subspecies
Hoplisoides punctifrons
sand wasp
Hoplisoides punctifrons is a species of solitary sand wasp in the family Crabronidae. It occurs in Central America and North America. Like other members of its genus, it is a ground-nesting wasp that provisions its brood with paralyzed prey.
Hoplisoides Crabronidae Hymenoptera sand-wasp solitary-wasp North-America Central-America
Hoplisoides semipunctatus
sand wasp
Hoplisoides semipunctatus is a species of sand wasp in the family Crabronidae. It is native to South America, with records from Brazil (Bahia and Santa Catarina). The genus Hoplisoides comprises approximately 18 species in North America and is distributed globally except Australia. Members of this genus are solitary wasps that typically hunt treehoppers (Membracidae) as prey for their larvae.
sand-wasp solitary-wasp South-America Crabronidae predator
Hoplisoides splendidulus
Hoplisoides splendidulus is a solitary sand wasp in the family Crabronidae, originally described by Bradley in 1920. Like other members of the genus Hoplisoides, it is a predator of treehoppers (Membracidae), provisioning underground burrows with paralyzed prey for its larval offspring. The species is part of a diverse genus containing approximately 18 species in North America, with most species distributed in western regions.
solitary-wasp sand-wasp treehopper-predator burrowing-wasp western-North-America
Hoplisoides tricolor
sand wasp
Hoplisoides tricolor is a species of solitary sand wasp in the family Crabronidae, originally described by Cresson in 1868. It is one of approximately eighteen Hoplisoides species found in North America north of Mexico. Like congeners, it is a ground-nesting wasp that hunts treehoppers (Membracidae) as prey for its larvae. The species occurs across Central America and North America, with most Hoplisoides species concentrated in western North America.
sand-wasp solitary-wasp ground-nesting treehopper-predator Crabronidae Membracidae honeydew-feeding Central-America North-America Bembicinae Gorytina Cresson-1868
Isodontia
Grass-carrying Wasps, Grass-carrier Wasps
Isodontia is a genus of solitary wasps in the family Sphecidae, commonly known as grass-carrying wasps. Females construct nests in pre-existing cavities such as hollow stems, window tracks, or abandoned beetle tunnels, lining them with dry grass or hay. They provision nests with paralyzed Orthoptera (tree crickets and katydids) as food for their larvae. Several species are invasive in Europe, with Isodontia mexicana being the most widespread non-native species.
solitary-wasp cavity-nester grass-carrier Orthoptera-predator invasive-species pollinator Sphecidae
Isodontia apicalis
grass-carrier wasp
Isodontia apicalis is a solitary thread-waisted wasp in the family Sphecidae, known as a 'grass-carrier' for its distinctive nesting behavior. The species occurs in North and Central America. Like other members of its genus, females construct nests using dry grass to partition cells and plug entrances.
grass-carrier-wasp solitary-wasp thread-waisted-wasp Sphecidae Hymenoptera North-America Central-America Isodontia cavity-nesting-wasp
Isodontia auripes
Brown-legged Grass-carrier Wasp, brown-legged grass-carrier
Isodontia auripes, the brown-legged grass-carrier wasp, is a solitary thread-waisted wasp in the family Sphecidae. The species is known for its distinctive nesting behavior: females construct nests in pre-existing cavities such as window tracks, wind chimes, or abandoned carpenter bee tunnels, filling them with dry grass and provisioning them with paralyzed tree crickets (Oecanthus spp.) as food for their larvae. The wasp is non-aggressive toward humans and has been observed using nests made by Xylocopa virginica or mining bees. Larvae feed for approximately three days before pupating for two days.
solitary-wasp grass-carrying-wasp thread-waisted-wasp cavity-nester non-aggressive urban-adapter tree-cricket-predator Sphecidae Hymenoptera
Isodontia elegans
Elegant Grass-carrying Wasp
Isodontia elegans is a solitary, nest-provisioning thread-waisted wasp in the family Sphecidae. Commonly known as the elegant grass-carrying wasp, it hunts orthopteran prey including tree crickets and katydids, which it paralyzes and stores in nest cells for its developing larvae. The species is notable for using pre-existing cavities—particularly window tracks and wind chime tubes in suburban settings—lining them with finely chewed grass fibers that serve as both partitions between cells and defensive barriers against parasites.
solitary-wasp grass-carrying-wasp cavity-nester orthopteran-predator suburban-adapter biological-control thread-waisted-wasp Sphecidae
Isodontia exornata
grass-carrier wasp
Isodontia exornata is a solitary thread-waisted wasp in the family Sphecidae, commonly known as a grass-carrier wasp. Females construct nests using dry grass in pre-existing cavities such as window tracks, hollow stems, or abandoned insect tunnels. They provision each nest cell with paralyzed tree crickets or katydids as food for their larvae. The species is part of the genus Isodontia, which includes several North American species that have adapted to suburban environments by utilizing human-made structures for nesting.
solitary-wasp grass-carrier cavity-nester orthopteran-predator suburban-wildlife
Isodontia mexicana
Mexican Grass-carrying Wasp, Grass-carrying Wasp
Isodontia mexicana is a solitary sphecid wasp native to North America that has become a successful invasive species in Europe since the 1960s. Females construct nests in pre-existing cavities such as hollow stems, abandoned beetle tunnels, or even window tracks, lining them with grass fragments. They provision nests with paralyzed orthopteran prey—primarily small katydids (Tettigoniidae) and tree crickets (Gryllidae, particularly Oecanthinae)—to feed their larvae. The species is notable for its splayed wing posture at rest and has been observed visiting diverse flowering plants for nectar.
solitary-wasp invasive-species grass-carrying-wasp cavity-nester orthopteran-predator pollinator Sphecidae
Isodontia philadelphica
Grass-carrying Wasp
Isodontia philadelphica is a solitary wasp in the family Sphecidae, commonly known as a grass-carrying wasp. Females construct nests in pre-existing cavities such as hollow stems, abandoned insect burrows, or window tracks, using dry grass to partition cells and plug entrances. They provision nests with paralyzed tree crickets and katydids as food for their larvae. The species occurs in North America and is not aggressive toward humans.
solitary-wasp grass-carrying-wasp cavity-nester predator pollinator suburban-wildlife Sphecidae Hymenoptera
Lalapa
Lalapa is a genus of wasps in the family Tiphiidae, first described by Pate in 1947. The genus contains at least one species, Lalapa lusa, whose name is a humorous play on words sounding like "la-la palooza." These wasps belong to a group of solitary, ground-nesting parasitoids that attack scarab beetle larvae.
tiphiid parasitoid scarab-parasite ground-nesting solitary-wasp
Larra analis
square-headed wasp
Larra analis is a square-headed wasp in the family Crabronidae, first described by Fabricius in 1804. It is native to North America and has been documented preying upon northern mole crickets. The species is part of the diverse Crabronidae family, which includes many solitary hunting wasps.
square-headed-wasp mole-cricket-predator solitary-wasp North-American-native
Larra bicolor
mole cricket hunter
A solitary parasitoid wasp native to South America, introduced to Florida and Puerto Rico as a biological control agent for invasive mole crickets in the genus Scapteriscus. Adult females hunt mole crickets by stinging them to temporary paralysis and depositing a single egg on the host, which the larva consumes before pupating within the cricket's remains. Adults feed on nectar, particularly from Spermacoce verticillata and other flowering plants. The species has been successfully established in the southeastern United States following introductions from Brazil and Bolivia.
parasitoid biological-control mole-cricket invasive-species-management solitary-wasp Crabronidae
Leptochilus acolhuus
Leptochilus acolhuus is a species of stinging wasp in the family Vespidae, subfamily Eumeninae. It was first described by de Saussure in 1857. The genus Leptochilus comprises potter wasps, solitary wasps known for constructing small mud nests. Published records for this species are limited.
solitary-wasp potter-wasp stinging-wasp
Leptochilus rufinodus
Leptochilus rufinodus is a species of potter wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae. The species was described by Cresson in 1868. As a member of Leptochilus, it belongs to a genus characterized by small, slender mason wasps that construct mud nests. Very few observations of this species exist in public databases, indicating it may be genuinely rare, geographically restricted, or underreported.
potter-wasp mason-wasp solitary-wasp rare data-deficient
Lestiphorus cockerelli
Lestiphorus cockerelli is a sand wasp species in the family Crabronidae (formerly treated as Bembicidae). It is native to North America, with confirmed records from Canada (Alberta) and the United States. The species was described by Rohwer in 1909 and is part of the diverse sand wasp fauna curated at major entomological collections including the University of California, Riverside Entomology Research Museum.
sand-wasp solitary-wasp predatory-wasp Nearctic burrowing-wasp
Lindenius
Lindenius is a genus of solitary wasps in the family Crabronidae containing 63 known species, predominantly distributed in the Palearctic with some Nearctic representatives. Species exhibit diverse prey specialization: L. pygmaeus armatus hunts chalcid wasps (primarily Pteromalidae), while L. albilabris preys on paralyzed spiders. Nests are excavated in sandy or loess soils, with burrows containing multiple cells provisioned with prey items. Adults are active from late May to late July and visit flowers for nectar.
solitary-wasp soil-nesting prey-specialist flower-visitor parasitoid-host kleptoparasite-host biological-control-potential
Lindenius montezuma
Lindenius montezuma is a species of wasp in the family Crabronidae, first described by Cameron in 1891. The genus Lindenius belongs to the subfamily Crabroninae, a group of solitary wasps commonly known as sand wasps or digger wasps. Members of this genus are typically predatory, hunting various insects to provision their nests. The specific epithet "montezuma" refers to the Aztec emperor Montezuma, though the exact reason for this naming is not documented in available sources.
Hymenoptera Crabronidae solitary-wasp digger-wasp sand-wasp predatory-wasp
Liris
Liris is a large genus of solitary, ground-nesting wasps in the family Crabronidae, tribe Larrini, containing over 260 species worldwide with greatest diversity in the tropics. These wasps are among the earliest emerging solitary wasps in spring because females overwinter as adults. They are medium-sized, silvery-black wasps that hunt crickets as prey for their larvae. Only two species, L. argentatus and L. beata, occur consistently north of the extreme southern United States.
solitary-wasp cricket-hunter ground-nesting spring-emerging overwintering-adult Larrini silvery-appearance partial-paralysis nest-reuse
Liris apicipennis
Liris apicipennis is a species of solitary wasp in the family Crabronidae, tribe Larrini. The genus Liris contains over 260 species worldwide, with most diversity concentrated in tropical regions. Liris species are among the earliest solitary wasps to appear in spring, as females overwinter as adults. Like other members of its genus, L. apicipennis likely hunts crickets as prey and constructs underground nests, though specific biological details for this species remain poorly documented.
solitary-wasp cricket-hunter Larrini Caribbean Middle-America overwintering-adult early-spring-emergence
Liris argentatus
Square-headed Wasp
Liris argentatus is a solitary, square-headed wasp in the family Crabronidae. It is one of the most abundant and widespread species of its genus in North America, ranging from southern Canada to Panama. Females overwinter as adults and emerge early in spring, often being among the first solitary wasps observed. The species is a specialist predator of crickets, provisioning underground nests with paralyzed prey for its larvae.
solitary-wasp cricket-hunter spring-emerging ground-nesting kleptoparasite-host
Liris partitus
Liris partitus is a species of square-headed wasp in the family Crabronidae, tribe Larrini. It is known from Central America and North America. As a member of the genus Liris, it is likely a solitary wasp that hunts crickets as prey, though specific biological details for this species remain poorly documented. The species was described in 1984 as part of a revision of North American Liris.
hymenoptera crabronidae larrini solitary-wasp cricket-hunter square-headed-wasp north-america central-america liris-partitus liris krombein-1984 shanks-gingras-1984
Lomachaeta cirrhomeris
Lomachaeta cirrhomeris is a species of velvet ant (Mutillidae) described in 2004 from the southwestern United States. It is one of six new species described in a taxonomic revision of the genus Lomachaeta. As with other mutillids, it is likely a solitary wasp with wingless females. Available information is limited to the original taxonomic description.
Mutillidae velvet-ant Hymenoptera parasitoid solitary-wasp new-species-2004
Lyroda
square-headed wasps, cricket hunters
Lyroda is a genus of solitary, square-headed wasps in the family Crabronidae. The genus contains at least 26 described species, with most diversity occurring in Southeast Asia, Africa, Australia, and South America; one species, L. subita, is widespread in North America. Females are specialized hunters of crickets and related orthopterans, provisioning underground nests with paralyzed prey for their larvae.
solitary-wasp cricket-hunter square-headed-wasp ground-nesting parasitoid
Lyroda subita
square-headed wasp, cricket hunter
Lyroda subita is a solitary, medium-sized square-headed wasp in the family Crabronidae. Females construct underground nests and provision them with paralyzed crickets as food for their larvae. The species is distinguished from similar genera by its large arolia (tarsal foot pads) and three functional ocelli. It occurs across much of North America and has been documented using both typical cricket hosts and, in at least one case, pygmy mole crickets.
solitary-wasp cricket-hunter ground-nesting parasitoid orthopteran-predator
Maricopodynerus maricoporum
Maricopodynerus maricoporum is a species of potter wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae, first described by Viereck in 1908. The genus Maricopodynerus is a small group of solitary wasps endemic to arid regions of southwestern North America. As with other eumenine wasps, females construct mud nests provisioned with paralyzed caterpillars for their larvae. The species epithet 'maricoporum' refers to the Maricopa people or region in Arizona, indicating the type locality.
solitary-wasp potter-wasp mud-nesting desert-fauna southwestern-North-America
Maricopodynerus optimus
Maricopodynerus optimus is a species of potter wasp (subfamily Eumeninae) described by Bohart in 1988. The genus Maricopodynerus is part of the vespid wasp family and comprises species that construct mud nests. Like other eumenine wasps, this species is solitary and provisions its nests with paralyzed prey for larval development.
potter-wasp solitary-wasp mud-nesting-wasp Hymenoptera Eumeninae Vespidae Maricopodynerus 1988-description Bohart
Mellinus
Mellinus is a genus of solitary digger wasps in the family Crabronidae, containing approximately 16-18 described species distributed across the Palearctic, Nearctic, Neotropical, and Oriental regions. These small wasps (8-10 mm) are specialized predators of muscoid flies, which they hunt primarily near fresh manure and other fly-aggregating resources. Females excavate burrows in sandy soil to provision cells with paralyzed flies for their larvae. The genus is notable for its distinctive petiolate abdomen and feline-like stalking behavior when capturing prey.
predatory-wasp digger-wasp fly-predator solitary-wasp soil-nesting biological-control
Mellinus abdominalis
Mellinus abdominalis is a species of digger wasp in the family Crabronidae, first described by Cresson in 1882. It is a rarely observed species native to North America, with confirmed records from Alberta, Canada. Like other members of the genus Mellinus, it is presumed to be a predator of muscoid flies, though specific biological observations for this species remain undocumented. The species is part of a small genus of solitary wasps that excavate burrows in sandy soil and provision cells with paralyzed fly prey.
Crabronidae digger-wasp fly-predator rare-species North-America petiolate-abdomen solitary-wasp sand-burrower
Mimesa
Mimesa is a genus of solitary wasps in the family Crabronidae, subfamily Pemphredoninae. Species are distributed across Europe and North America. As members of Psenini, these wasps are aphid predators that provision their nests with paralyzed aphids for their larvae.
solitary-wasp aphid-predator Crabronidae Pemphredoninae biological-control
Mimumesa
Mimumesa is a genus of solitary wasps comprising 32 described species distributed across the Holarctic region. The genus was established by Malloch in 1933 and is currently classified in the family Crabronidae, subfamily Pemphredoninae. Species occur in Asia, Europe, and North America, with some showing specific habitat associations such as reed beds.
solitary-wasp Holarctic nesting-biology reed-beds sandy-habitats
Miscophus slossonae
Miscophus slossonae is a species of solitary wasp in the family Crabronidae, tribe Miscophini. It belongs to a genus of thread-waisted wasps known for provisioning nests with spiders. The species was described in 1897 and is recorded from North America. Like other Miscophus species, it is presumed to be a spider-hunting wasp, though specific biological details for this species remain poorly documented.
spider-wasp solitary-wasp thread-waisted-wasp North-American data-deficient
Moniaecera
Moniaecera is a genus of solitary wasps in the family Crabronidae, established by William Harris Ashmead in 1899. It belongs to the tribe Crabronini within the subfamily Crabroninae, a group commonly known as sand wasps or digger wasps. The genus is poorly known, with extremely limited biological documentation and only three observations recorded on iNaturalist as of the available data. Members of Crabronidae are generally predatory, provisioning nests with paralyzed insects for their larvae.
solitary-wasp sand-wasp digger-wasp predatory-wasp poorly-known rarely-collected North-American
Monobia
Four-toothed Mason Wasp (for M. quadridens), Carpenter Wasp, Mason Wasp
Monobia is a genus of medium-sized to large potter wasps in the subfamily Eumeninae, distributed primarily across the Neotropical region from the United States to Argentina. The genus is closely related to Montezumia. The most well-documented species, Monobia quadridens (Four-toothed Mason Wasp), is a solitary wasp that provisions nests with paralyzed caterpillars and constructs mud partitions between brood cells.
potter-wasp mason-wasp solitary-wasp Eumeninae biological-control pollinator cavity-nester mud-dauber caterpillar-predator Neotropical North-America
Monobia arizonensis
Monobia arizonensis is a species of mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae. Like other members of the genus Monobia, it is presumed to be a solitary wasp that utilizes pre-existing cavities for nesting. The species is native to the southwestern United States, specifically Arizona. Very little specific information has been published about its biology compared to the better-known congener Monobia quadridens.
mason-wasp solitary-wasp eumeninae vespidae hymenoptera arizona southwestern-united-states cavity-nester predatory-wasp
Monobia quadridens
Four-toothed Mason Wasp, Carpenter Wasp
Monobia quadridens is a solitary potter wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae, native to eastern North America. Adults are striking black-and-white insects with a distinctive broad ivory band across the first abdominal tergite. The species is bivoltine, producing two generations annually, with one generation overwintering as pupae. Females construct multi-celled nests in pre-existing cavities, provisioning each cell with paralyzed caterpillars for their larvae.
solitary-wasp mason-wasp potter-wasp biological-control pollinator cavity-nester
Mutillidae
Velvet Ants, Hairy Ants, Panda Ants
Mutillidae, commonly known as velvet ants, are a family of solitary wasps comprising over 3,000 described species. Despite their common name, they are not ants but wingless female wasps that resemble large, hairy ants. The family exhibits striking sexual dimorphism: females are apterous (wingless), brightly colored, and possess a powerful sting, while males are winged and generally darker in coloration. Velvet ants are parasitoids of ground-nesting bees and wasps, with females actively searching for host nests to lay eggs on or near the host pupae or larvae. They form one of the world's largest known Müllerian mimicry complexes, with numerous species sharing aposematic red, orange, or yellow and black coloration to warn predators of their potent defensive capabilities.
aposematic-coloration Müllerian-mimicry sexual-dimorphism ectoparasitoid wingless-female stridulation phoretic-copulation painful-sting ground-nesting-host solitary-wasp
Myrmilloides grandiceps
Myrmilloides grandiceps is a species of velvet ant (family Mutillidae) in the order Hymenoptera. Originally described as Mufilla grandiceps by Blake in 1872, it was later transferred to the genus Myrmilloides. The species epithet 'grandiceps' refers to the notably large head characteristic of this species. As with other mutillids, females are wingless and ant-like in appearance, while males possess wings. The genus Myrmilloides is part of the diverse velvet ant fauna of the New World.
velvet-ant mutillid parasitoid wingless-female aposematic solitary-wasp
Myrmosa
Myrmosa is a genus of solitary wasps in the family Myrmosidae. These insects are part of a small family of wasps that exhibit sexual dimorphism and unusual life history traits. The genus contains several described species, including Myrmosa atra, Myrmosa moesica, and Myrmosa unicolor. Taxonomic placement has been historically unstable, with some sources placing Myrmosidae as a subfamily within Mutillidae.
parasitoid sexual-dimorphism wingless-female solitary-wasp
Myzinum carolinianum
Myzinum carolinianum is a thynnid wasp species native to North America. Like other members of its genus, it is a parasitoid of scarab beetle grubs, particularly those in the genus Phyllophaga. The species exhibits extreme sexual dimorphism: males are slender with long, straight antennae and a prominent curved pseudostinger (external genitalia), while females are larger-bodied with robust abdomens, stouter legs adapted for digging, and short, coiled antennae. Adults are active in late summer and autumn, frequently visiting flowers such as goldenrod and thoroughwort.
parasitoid scarab-beetle-control sexual-dimorphism autumn-flower-visitor solitary-wasp biological-control
Nitela
Nitela is a genus of solitary wasps in the family Crabronidae, tribe Miscophini. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution and was established by Latreille in 1809. As members of the Miscophini, species in this genus are presumed to be spider-hunting wasps, though specific biological details for most species remain poorly documented. The genus includes species such as N. amazonica and N. apoensis.
spider-wasp solitary-wasp cosmopolitan
Nysson
Nysson is a Holarctic genus of kleptoparasitic wasps in the family Crabronidae. Over 100 species are known. These wasps are obligate kleptoparasites, meaning females exploit the food caches of other solitary wasps by locating host burrows, digging them open, destroying the host egg, and replacing it with their own. The larva then consumes the prey provisioned by the host mother.
kleptoparasite parasitoid Crabronidae Bembicinae Hymenoptera solitary-wasp Holarctic
Nysson lateralis
Nysson lateralis is a species of solitary wasp in the family Crabronidae, distributed across North America. It belongs to the subfamily Bembicinae and tribe Nyssonini, a group that includes kleptoparasitic wasps that exploit the nests of other crabronid wasps. The species was described by Packard in 1867. Like other members of the genus Nysson, it is presumed to be a nest parasite, though specific behavioral details for this species remain poorly documented.
kleptoparasite solitary-wasp Crabronidae Bembicinae North-America Packard-1867
Nysson plagiatus
Nysson plagiatus is a species of solitary wasp in the family Crabronidae, subfamily Bembicinae. It is a kleptoparasite that exploits the food caches of other solitary wasps, particularly species in the genus Hoplisoides that hunt treehoppers. The species was described by Cresson in 1882 and occurs in North America. Like other members of the genus Nysson, females locate host burrows, open them, destroy the host egg, and replace it with their own egg, allowing their larvae to consume the prey provisioned by the host wasp.
kleptoparasite parasitoid solitary-wasp Crabronidae North-America
Nysson recticornis
Nysson recticornis is a species of solitary wasp in the family Crabronidae (formerly placed in Bembicidae). It is native to North America, with records from Canada including Alberta. The genus Nysson comprises kleptoparasitic wasps that exploit the nests of other solitary wasps, particularly those in the family Crabronidae. Like other members of its genus, N. recticornis likely targets the prey stores of host wasps for its own reproductive success.
wasp parasitoid kleptoparasite solitary-wasp North-America
Nysson rusticus
Nysson rusticus is a species of solitary wasp in the family Crabronidae (formerly placed in Bembicidae). The species occurs in North America and has two recognized subspecies: N. r. rusticus and N. r. sphecodoides. Like other members of the genus Nysson, this species is a nest parasite of ground-nesting crabronid wasps.
parasitoid solitary-wasp nest-parasite North-America
Nysson tristis
Nysson tristis is a species of solitary wasp in the family Crabronidae (formerly Bembicidae). It is a member of the genus Nysson, which comprises cleptoparasitic wasps that exploit the nests of other digger wasps. The species is known from North America, with records from Canada and the United States. Like other Nysson species, it likely targets the nests of sand wasps (Bembicini) as hosts.
cleptoparasite cuckoo-wasp solitary-wasp sand-wasp-parasite North-America Crabronidae Bembicidae Nyssoninae
Odontophotopsis arcuata
Odontophotopsis arcuata is a species of velvet ant in the family Mutillidae, described by Mickel in 1983. Velvet ants (Mutillidae) are a family of solitary wasps in which females are wingless and often possess aposematic coloration and a powerful sting. The genus Odontophotopsis is characterized by distinctive mandibular and dental structures. This species is part of a diverse group of North American mutillids, though specific biological details for O. arcuata remain poorly documented in published literature.
Mutillidae velvet-ant Hymenoptera North-America solitary-wasp
Odontophotopsis inconspicua
Odontophotopsis inconspicua is a species of velvet ant (family Mutillidae), a group of solitary wasps known for their aposematic coloration and powerful sting. The genus Odontophotopsis is characterized by distinctive mandibular and dental structures. Like other mutillids, females are wingless and resemble ants, while males possess wings. This species was described by Blake in 1886. Very little specific biological information has been published for this particular species.
mutillidae velvet-ant solitary-wasp western-north-america
Odontophotopsis setifera
Odontophotopsis setifera is a species of velvet ant in the family Mutillidae, described by Schuster in 1952. Velvet ants are solitary wasps in which females are wingless and often possess aposematic coloration. The genus Odontophotopsis is part of the diverse Mutillidae fauna of North America.
Mutillidae velvet-ant Hymenoptera solitary-wasp wingless-female aposematic North-America Schuster-1952 Odontophotopsis primary-type UCRC-Entomology-Research-Museum
Oxybelus
spiny digger wasps
Oxybelus is the largest genus in the family Crabronidae, comprising approximately 264 described species of solitary wasps commonly known as spiny digger wasps. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution, occurring worldwide except in the Australasian region, with particular diversity in the Palearctic. Species are specialized predators of flies (Diptera), exhibiting distinctive prey capture and transport behaviors. Multiple species have been studied for their unique sting morphology and reduced paralyzing sting sequence relative to other digger wasps.
digger-wasp fly-predator solitary-wasp prey-carriage sting-morphology
Oxybelus bipunctatus
square-headed wasp
A square-headed wasp in the family Crabronidae with a broad geographic distribution spanning Africa, Europe, Northern Asia (excluding China), and North America. The species exhibits seasonal variation in nesting behavior and is known to provision nests with paralyzed flies. Two subspecies are recognized: O. b. bipunctatus and O. b. thermophilus.
square-headed-wasp digger-wasp fly-predator Crabronidae solitary-wasp biological-control muscoid-flies seasonal-behavior transcontinental-distribution sandy-soil-nesting
Oxybelus cressonii
square-headed wasp
Oxybelus cressonii is a species of square-headed wasp in the family Crabronidae, described by C. Robertson in 1889. It belongs to a genus of predatory wasps that specialize in hunting flies. The species occurs in North America, with records from Canada and the United States. Like other Oxybelus species, it is a solitary wasp that provisions its nest with paralyzed prey.
Hymenoptera Crabronidae solitary-wasp predator fly-hunter North-America
Oxybelus emarginatus
square-headed wasp
Oxybelus emarginatus is a species of square-headed wasp in the family Crabronidae, first described by Thomas Say in 1837. The genus Oxybelus comprises predatory wasps commonly known as 'fly hunters' that provision their nests with paralyzed flies for their larvae. This species is found in North America, with records from the United States and Canada including Alberta.
square-headed-wasp fly-hunter solitary-wasp predatory-wasp North-America
Oxybelus sericeus
Oxybelus sericeus is a species of solitary wasp in the family Crabronidae, subfamily Crabroninae. The species is notable for exhibiting male nest guarding behavior, which is rare among sphecid wasps. Males have been observed remaining at nest entrances and actively defending nests against intruders, representing unusual paternal investment in this group. The species was described by C. Robertson in 1889 and is known from North America.
solitary-wasp nest-guarding male-parental-care Crabronidae North-America
Oxybelus uniglumis
square-headed wasp
Oxybelus uniglumis is a solitary digger wasp in the family Crabronidae, tribe Oxybelini. The species is specialized for hunting flies (Diptera), capturing them with an extremely concentrated stinging pattern that targets the prey's nervous system. Unlike many related wasps that deliver multiple stings to thoracic ganglia, O. uniglumis typically delivers only a single thoracic sting behind one foreleg base, reflecting the reduced ganglionic structure of fly prey. The species uses its sting apparatus not only for prey paralysis but also for transporting captured flies to nest sites.
digger-wasp fly-hunter solitary-wasp predatory-wasp sting-apparatus prey-carriage behavioral-plasticity
Pachodynerus erynnis
Red-marked Pachodynerus Wasp, Red and Black Mason Wasp
Pachodynerus erynnis is a solitary mason wasp that specializes in hunting caterpillars to provision its nests. Unlike social wasps, it does not form colonies but constructs individual nests in pre-existing cavities. The species is valued as a biological control agent, targeting economically significant caterpillar pests including armyworms, cutworms, and loopers. Its frequent visits to flowers for nectar make it a minor pollinator as well.
solitary-wasp mason-wasp biological-control caterpillar-predator cavity-nester pollinator
Pachodynerus guadulpensis
Pachodynerus guadulpensis is a solitary mason wasp native to the Americas, ranging from Mexico through Central America into the southern United States (Arizona, California, Texas). This species belongs to the potter and mason wasp subfamily Eumeninae. Females construct linear nests of cylindrical mud cells in pre-existing cavities, primarily provisioning them with paralyzed caterpillars as food for their larvae. The species exhibits distinctive abdominal coloration with an extra yellow stripe across the front of the abdomen that separates it from its congener P. nasidens.
solitary-wasp mason-wasp potter-wasp caterpillar-predator cavity-nester mud-nest biological-control mimicry
Pachodynerus pulverulentus
Keyhole wasp
Pachodynerus pulverulentus is a solitary mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae, commonly known as a keyhole wasp. It belongs to a genus of wasps that utilize pre-existing cavities in wood—such as abandoned beetle galleries, old nail holes, or hollow twigs—as nesting sites. Like other Pachodynerus species, females provision these cavities with paralyzed caterpillars as food for their developing larvae. The species was described by Viereck in 1908 and is part of a group of wasps known for their opportunistic nesting behavior and importance as biological control agents of caterpillar pests.
mason-wasp potter-wasp cavity-nester caterpillar-predator biological-control solitary-wasp western-North-America
Palmodes
Palmodes is a genus of thread-waisted wasps in the family Sphecidae, comprising more than 20 described species. These solitary wasps are known for hunting katydids (Tettigoniidae), particularly large species such as Mormon crickets, which they paralyze and provision in underground burrows for their larval offspring. The genus has attracted scientific attention due to its role as a host for kleptoparasitic wasps in the genus Stizoides.
thread-waisted-wasp solitary-wasp katydid-hunter kleptoparasite-host biological-control
Palmodes dimidiatus
Palmodes dimidiatus is a species of thread-waisted wasp in the family Sphecidae. It is a solitary, ground-nesting wasp that hunts katydids (Tettigoniidae) as prey for its larval offspring. The species is known to be parasitized by the kleptoparasitic wasp Stizoides renicinctus, which raids its food caches. Palmodes dimidiatus occurs in North America and Middle America.
Hymenoptera Sphecidae thread-waisted-wasp solitary-wasp katydid-hunter ground-nesting-wasp kleptoparasite-host
Palmodes praestans
Palmodes praestans is a thread-waisted wasp in the family Sphecidae, characterized by its distinctive thread-like petiole connecting the thorax and abdomen. The species is known to be kleptoparasitized by Stizoides renicinctus, which exploits its food caches of katydid prey. Like other members of its genus, it hunts katydids (Tettigoniidae) to provision underground nest cells for its larvae.
thread-waisted-wasp Sphecidae katydid-hunter kleptoparasite-host solitary-wasp Mormon-cricket-predator
Parammoplanus
Parammoplanus is a genus of aphid wasps established by Pate in 1939. It contains approximately 19 described species. The genus belongs to the tribe Ammoplanina within the subfamily Pemphredoninae, a group of solitary wasps that specialize on aphid prey. These wasps are small, predatory insects that provision their nests with paralyzed aphids for their larvae.
aphid-wasp solitary-wasp predator biological-control
Parancistrocerus
potter wasps, mason wasps
Parancistrocerus is a large genus of solitary potter wasps in the subfamily Eumeninae, distributed across the Nearctic, eastern Palearctic, Oriental, and Neotropical regions. The genus is distinguished by a unique morphological feature: a smooth depression at the base of the second metasomal tergum that functions as an acarinarium, providing shelter for symbiotic deutonymphs of mites in the family Winterschmidtiidae. Species are often difficult to distinguish from the related genus Stenodynerus, sharing medial pits on the anterior pronotum and expanded tegulae. Most species possess a transverse carina on the first metasomal tergum, and many Neotropical species exhibit a faint submetallic body luster.
solitary-wasp potter-wasp mason-wasp acarinarium mite-mutualism caterpillar-predator cavity-nester pollinator
Parancistrocerus bicornis
Parancistrocerus bicornis is a small mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae, described by Roberts in 1901. Like other members of the genus, it is a solitary, cavity-nesting wasp that provisions its nests with paralyzed caterpillars as food for its larvae. The species is part of a taxonomically challenging group where live specimens and even microscope examination often cannot reliably distinguish between closely related species such as Parancistrocerus and Stenodynerus.
Vespidae Eumeninae mason-wasp solitary-wasp cavity-nester caterpillar-predator bee-block hollow-twig-nester sand-partition non-aggressive pollinator garden-beneficial taxonomically-challenging Roberts-1901
Parancistrocerus bicornis ceanothi
Parancistrocerus bicornis ceanothi is a subspecies of mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae. It belongs to a genus of small, solitary cavity-nesting wasps that provision their nests with paralyzed caterpillars. The subspecies name "ceanothi" suggests a potential association with Ceanothus host plants, though this relationship requires verification. Like other Parancistrocerus species, it likely nests in pre-existing cavities such as hollow twigs or beetle borings.
mason-wasp solitary-wasp cavity-nester Eumeninae Vespidae
Parancistrocerus declivatus
potter wasp
Parancistrocerus declivatus is a potter wasp in the family Vespidae, native to the southern coastal regions of California and Baja California. Originally described in the genus Stenodynerus, it was later transferred to Parancistrocerus. The type locality is La Laguna in the Sierra Laguna mountains of Baja California. Like other members of the subfamily Eumeninae, it is a solitary wasp that constructs nests from mud or other materials.
potter-wasp mason-wasp solitary-wasp California Baja-California coastal Eumeninae
Parancistrocerus fulvipes
potter wasp
Parancistrocerus fulvipes is a solitary mason wasp in the family Vespidae, commonly known as the potter wasp. The species is recognized for its flexible nesting behavior, utilizing pre-existing cavities rather than constructing free-standing mud pots. It provisions nests with paralyzed caterpillars as food for its larvae. Two subspecies are recognized: P. f. fulvipes and P. f. rufovestis.
mason-wasp potter-wasp solitary-wasp caterpillar-predator cavity-nester Eumeninae
Parancistrocerus fulvipes rufovestis
Parancistrocerus fulvipes rufovestis is a subspecies of mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae, described by Bohart in 1948. It belongs to a genus of small solitary wasps that nest in pre-existing cavities and provision their offspring with paralyzed caterpillars. The subspecies designation indicates geographic variation within the species P. fulvipes, with rufovestis representing a distinct population.
subspecies Hawaii endemic Eumeninae mason-wasp solitary-wasp
Parancistrocerus pedestris
Parancistrocerus pedestris is a small solitary mason wasp in the family Vespidae, subfamily Eumeninae. The species was first described by de Saussure in 1856. Like other members of its genus, it is a cavity-nesting wasp that provisions its nests with paralyzed caterpillars as food for its larval offspring. The species is part of a taxonomically challenging group where live specimens are often difficult to distinguish from related species without microscopic examination.
mason-wasp solitary-wasp cavity-nester caterpillar-hunter Eumeninae Vespidae
Parancistrocerus pensylvanicus
Pennsylvania mason wasp
Parancistrocerus pensylvanicus is a solitary mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae. It is a cavity-nesting species that provisions nests with paralyzed caterpillars as food for its larvae. The species has been documented in the northeastern United States, including Vermont. Like other members of its genus, it is difficult to distinguish from closely related species such as Stenodynerus without microscopic examination.
mason-wasp solitary-wasp cavity-nester caterpillar-predator Eumeninae Vespidae Hymenoptera
Parancistrocerus perennis
two-banded mason wasp, perennial mason wasp
Parancistrocerus perennis, commonly known as the two-banded mason wasp or perennial mason wasp, is a small solitary wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae. It is native to eastern North America, ranging from southern Ontario to Florida and west to the Mississippi River. The species is a cavity-nesting predator that hunts specific caterpillar families to provision its nests. Two subspecies are recognized: P. p. perennis and P. p. anacardivora, the latter occurring in southern populations and distinguished by reddish markings.
solitary-wasp mason-wasp cavity-nester predator caterpillar-hunter pollinator
Parancistrocerus perennis anacardivora
Parancistrocerus perennis anacardivora is a southern subspecies of the mason wasp Parancistrocerus perennis, distinguished by reddish markings along the side of the first abdominal segment. It is a small solitary wasp with a wing length of 6-8 millimeters. Females hunt caterpillars to provision nest cells in hollow twigs or pre-existing cavities, paralyzing prey with their sting. The subspecies ranges from southern Ontario to Florida and west to the Mississippi River, with anacardivora occurring in the southern portion of this range.
mason-wasp solitary-wasp caterpillar-predator cavity-nester Eumeninae
Parancistrocerus perennis perennis
mason wasp
Parancistrocerus perennis perennis is a small solitary mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae. Females hunt caterpillars of leafroller moths (Tortricidae) and casebearer moths (Coleophoridae), paralyzing them with their sting to provision nest cells in hollow twigs. The subspecies is distinguished from the southern P. p. anacardivora by lacking reddish markings on the first abdominal segment. It ranges from southern Ontario to Florida and west to the Mississippi River.
solitary-wasp mason-wasp cavity-nester caterpillar-predator twig-nester artificial-nest-user
Parancistrocerus rectangulis
Parancistrocerus rectangulis is a small solitary mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae. Like other members of its genus, it nests in pre-existing cavities such as hollow twigs or beetle borings, provisioning cells with paralyzed caterpillars as food for its larvae. The species was described by Viereck in 1908. Specific natural history details for this species remain poorly documented in published literature, though genus-level traits suggest typical eumenine biology.
Vespidae Eumeninae mason-wasp solitary-wasp cavity-nesting-wasp parasitoid-wasp caterpillar-hunter
Parancistrocerus texensis
Parancistrocerus texensis is a species of solitary mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae. It is one of numerous small, cavity-nesting wasps in the genus Parancistrocerus that provision their larvae with paralyzed caterpillars. The species was described by Henri de Saussure in 1871, with the epithet suggesting a Texas origin. Like other members of its genus, it is difficult to distinguish from congeners without microscopic examination, and is frequently confused with similar genera such as Stenodynerus.
solitary-wasp mason-wasp cavity-nester caterpillar-predator pollinator beneficial-insect
Parancistrocerus toltecus
Parancistrocerus toltecus is a small mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae. As a member of this genus, it is a solitary cavity-nesting wasp that provisions its nests with paralyzed caterpillars for its larval offspring. The species was described by de Saussure in 1857. Like other Parancistrocerus species, it likely utilizes pre-existing hollow twigs or beetle borings in dead wood for nest construction. Very little specific information has been published about the natural history of this particular species.
Eumeninae mason-wasp solitary-wasp cavity-nesting-wasp
Parancistrocerus vagus
Parancistrocerus vagus is a small solitary mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae. It belongs to a genus of cavity-nesting wasps that provision their young with paralyzed caterpillars. The species was described by de Saussure in 1857. Limited specific information is available for this species, though genus-level traits suggest typical mason wasp biology including use of pre-existing cavities and caterpillar prey.
mason-wasp solitary-wasp Eumeninae cavity-nester
Paratiphia robusta
Paratiphia robusta is a species of wasp in the family Tiphiidae, a group of solitary wasps known for their parasitoid relationships with scarab beetle larvae. The genus Paratiphia belongs to a family whose members are typically ground-nesting and exhibit host-specific parasitism. Limited published information exists specifically for this species, with most knowledge derived from broader family-level characteristics and sparse collection records. The species has been documented through a small number of observations, suggesting it may be uncommon or underreported.
hymenoptera tiphiidae parasitoid solitary-wasp scarab-parasite
Passaloecus
Picket-boring Aphid Wasps
Passaloecus is a genus of small solitary wasps in the family Crabronidae, commonly known as picket-boring aphid wasps. The genus comprises approximately 40-48 species worldwide, with strong representation in both the Nearctic and Palearctic regions. These diminutive wasps, typically 6-8 mm in body length, are specialized predators of aphids and serve as important biological control agents. Females construct nests in pre-existing cavities such as beetle borings in dead wood, hollow stems, and artificial trap nests, provisioning cells with paralyzed or dead aphids for their larval offspring.
aphid-predator solitary-wasp cavity-nester biological-control resin-user dead-wood-dependent
Passaloecus annulatus
Passaloecus annulatus is a small solitary wasp in the family Crabronidae, subfamily Pemphredoninae. Females hunt aphids as food for their larval offspring and also feed on aphid honeydew. The species nests in pre-existing cavities such as beetle borings in dead wood, hollow stems, or vacant galls, partitioning these into linear series of cells. It occurs across North America.
solitary-wasp aphid-predator cavity-nester biological-control Crabronidae Pemphredoninae North-America
Passaloecus cuspidatus
aphid wasp
Passaloecus cuspidatus is a small solitary wasp in the family Crabronidae, subfamily Pemphredoninae. It is an aphid predator that provisions its nests with paralyzed or dead aphids as food for its larvae. The species is found in North America, including Canada and the United States. Like other members of its genus, it nests in pre-existing cavities such as beetle borings in dead wood, hollow stems, and vacant galls.
solitary-wasp aphid-predator cavity-nester beneficial-insect Pemphredoninae North-America
Pemphredon
Typical Aphid Wasps, Aphid Wasps
Pemphredon is a genus of small to medium-sized solitary wasps in the family Crabronidae, commonly known as aphid wasps. The genus contains approximately 37 recognized species distributed across the Holarctic and northern Oriental regions. Females are specialized predators of aphids, which they hunt to provision nest cells for their larvae. These wasps are considered beneficial insects in agricultural and garden settings due to their role in aphid population control.
aphid-predator solitary-wasp biological-control progressive-provisioning Holarctic Pemphredoninae Crabronidae beneficial-insect stem-nesting gall-nesting
Pemphredon inornata
aphid wasp
Pemphredon inornata is a small solitary wasp in the family Crabronidae, commonly known as an aphid wasp. The species hunts aphids as prey for its larvae, paralyzing them and transporting them to nest cavities in hollow stems, twig pith, or pre-existing holes in wood. It is one of approximately 20 recognized Pemphredon species in North America north of Mexico. The wasp has been documented exhibiting rapid, evasive flight that allows it to bypass ant guards at aphid colonies.
aphid-predator solitary-wasp stem-nesting crabronid biological-control cleptoparasite-host
Pemphredonina
Pemphredonina is a subtribe of small aphid-hunting wasps within the family Crabronidae. Members are solitary predators that provision nests with aphids as food for their larvae. The subtribe includes genera such as Passaloecus, which are notable for their ecological role in aphid population control and their use of pre-existing cavities for nesting.
aphid-predator solitary-wasp biological-control resin-nest-partitions
Pemphredonini
Pemphredonini is a tribe of small, solitary wasps within the subfamily Pemphredoninae (family Crabronidae). These apoid wasps are commonly known as aphid wasps due to their specialized predation on aphids and other small Hemiptera. The tribe contains multiple genera, including the widespread Pemphredon. Adults are often observed visiting flowers for nectar.
solitary-wasp aphid-predator cavity-nester biological-control Crabronidae
Pepsis
tarantula hawks, New World Tarantula-hawk Wasps
Pepsis is a genus of large spider wasps in the family Pompilidae, commonly known as tarantula hawks. These wasps are among the largest stinging insects in the world and are restricted to the Americas. Females hunt tarantulas and other large mygalomorph spiders, paralyzing them with a sting to serve as living food for their larvae. Adults feed primarily on nectar, especially from milkweed flowers. The genus is closely related to Hemipepsis, which occurs in both Old and New Worlds.
spider-wasp tarantula-hawk parasitoid mygalomorph-predator desert-fauna aposematic-coloration extremely-painful-sting nectar-feeder solitary-wasp
Pepsis basifusca
tarantula hawk
Pepsis basifusca is a species of tarantula hawk wasp in the family Pompilidae, described by Lucas in 1895. As a member of the genus Pepsis, it is a large, solitary spider wasp that hunts tarantulas to provision nests for its larvae. The species is part of a diverse genus of tarantula hawks found primarily in the Americas, known for their potent sting and aposematic coloration.
Pompilidae tarantula-hawk spider-wasp solitary-wasp parasitoid
Phanagenia
Phanagenia is a genus of spider wasps in the tribe Ageniellini, family Pompilidae. The genus contains only one species in North America, Phanagenia bombycina. These wasps are solitary hunters that construct mud nests to house their offspring, provisioning them with paralyzed spiders.
spider-wasp mud-nest solitary-wasp spider-hunter
Phanagenia bombycina
Phanagenia bombycina is a solitary spider wasp in the family Pompilidae, tribe Auplopini. It constructs delicate mud barrel nests to house paralyzed spider prey and developing larvae. The species is found east of the Rocky Mountains and is slightly larger than related Auplopus species. Uniquely, it frequently builds its mud cells inside the abandoned nests of the pipe organ mud dauber (Trypoxylon politum).
solitary-wasp mud-nest spider-hunter nest-parasite Auplopini Pompilidae
Philanthini
Philanthini is a tribe of wasps within the family Crabronidae, established by Latreille in 1802. Members are commonly known as beewolves or bee-killer wasps due to their specialized predatory behavior. The tribe includes genera such as Philanthus, which are notable for their distinctive hunting strategies and, in some species, the use of symbiotic bacteria to protect larval food stores. These wasps are solitary and nest in soil, provisioning their offspring with paralyzed bees.
predatory-wasp bee-predator soil-nesting symbiotic-bacteria solitary-wasp
Philanthus
beewolves, bee-hunters, bee-killer wasps
Philanthus is a genus of solitary predatory wasps commonly known as beewolves. Adult females excavate underground burrows in sandy soils and provision them with paralyzed bees as food for their larvae. Males are highly territorial, marking vegetation with pheromones to defend mating territories. The genus contains approximately 136 species worldwide, with about 30 species occurring in North America. These wasps are important pollinators as adults and serve as population regulators of bee communities.
solitary-wasp predator pollinator ground-nesting bee-predator territorial-behavior landmark-navigation Crabronidae Philanthinae North-America Europe Tinbergen-research
Philanthus bicinctus
Bumble Bee Wolf, Bumblebee Wolf
Philanthus bicinctus, commonly known as the Bumblebee Wolf, is a species of beewolf wasp endemic to the American Rockies. This solitary wasp is notable for its specialized predation on bumblebees, which it paralyzes to provision underground nests for its larvae. Research conducted at Yellowstone National Park has documented large aggregations of this species and its significant potential to influence pollinator dynamics and insect-flower interactions. Males exhibit strong territorial behavior, defending hilltops and elevated areas to secure mating opportunities.
beewolf bumblebee-predator solitary-wasp Rocky-Mountain-endemic territoriality pollinator-predator Crabronidae Philanthinae sand-nesting-wasp Yellowstone-National-Park
Philanthus bilunatus
Two Moons Beewolf
Philanthus bilunatus is a solitary wasp in the family Crabronidae, commonly known as the Two Moons Beewolf. Like other beewolves in the genus Philanthus, it is a predator of bees and wasps, which it paralyzes to provision underground nests for its larvae. The species is found in North America, with records from Canada and the United States. As a member of the subfamily Philanthinae, it shares behavioral traits with related beewolves including territorial males and nest excavation in sandy soils.
beewolf solitary-wasp bee-predator Crabronidae Philanthinae North-America ground-nesting-wasp
Philanthus crabroniformis
beewolf
Philanthus crabroniformis is a species of bee-hunting wasp, commonly known as a 'beewolf,' native to North America. The species belongs to the family Crabronidae and primarily preys upon bees in the family Halictidae. Females construct nests in sandy soils and provision them with paralyzed prey for their larval offspring. The species has been documented in sympatry with P. gibbosus, with which it shares similar prey preferences but exhibits distinctive nest approach behaviors that may represent an evolutionary response to parasitic pressure from miltogrammine flies.
beewolf bee-hunting-wasp solitary-wasp Halictidae-predator sand-nesting-wasp Philanthinae Crabronidae North-America parasite-host territorial-males burrow-sharing
Philanthus gibbosus
Hump-backed Beewolf, Beewolf
Philanthus gibbosus, commonly known as the hump-backed beewolf, is a solitary bee-hunting wasp and the most common and widespread member of its genus in North America. Females construct underground burrows in sandy soils and provision them with paralyzed bees as food for their larvae. The species exhibits a bivoltine life cycle with two generations per year, and shows a tendency toward temporary communal nesting behavior unusual for solitary wasps.
solitary-wasp bee-predator ground-nester pollinator parasitoid-host sand-specialist territorial-male landmark-navigation presocial-behavior Müllerian-mimicry
Philanthus gloriosus
Bee-wolf
Philanthus gloriosus is a bee-hunting wasp in the family Crabronidae, occurring west of the 100th meridian in North America. As a member of the beewolf genus Philanthus, females hunt bees to provision underground nests for their larvae. The species ranges from the Canadian prairies through the western United States to central Mexico.
beewolf bee-hunting-wasp solitary-wasp Crabronidae western-North-America
Philanthus lepidus
Pleasant Beewolf
Philanthus lepidus is a species of beewolf wasp in the family Crabronidae, native to North America. Like other members of the genus Philanthus, females are solitary hunters that provision underground nests with paralyzed bees as food for their larvae. The species has been the subject of limited behavioral study, with at least one published account of its nesting behavior. It is one of approximately 30 Philanthus species occurring in North America.
beewolf solitary-wasp bee-predator ground-nesting North-American-native
Philanthus multimaculatus
beewolf, bee-hunting wasp
Philanthus multimaculatus is a common North American beewolf wasp in the family Crabronidae. Females are solitary nesters that excavate burrows in sandy soil, often in aggregations with conspecifics. They provision nest cells with paralyzed bees, primarily sweat bees (Halictidae), and lay a single egg on each prey item. Males exhibit territorial behavior, perching on grass stems near nesting areas to intercept females and chase rival males. Adults visit flowers for nectar and serve as pollinators while also functioning as predators that regulate bee populations.
Philanthus Crabronidae beewolf solitary-wasp bee-predator territorial-behavior western-North-America sand-nesting pollinator Halictidae-prey
Philanthus pacificus
Pacific beewolf
Philanthus pacificus is a solitary wasp species in the beewolf genus Philanthus, native to western North America. As a member of the Crabronidae family, females are known to provision underground nests with paralyzed bees as food for their developing larvae. The species occurs from southwestern British Columbia through California to Baja California and Sonora, Mexico. Two subspecies are recognized: P. p. arizonae and the nominate P. p. pacificus.
beewolf solitary-wasp bee-predator western-North-America burrowing-wasp
Philanthus politus
beewolf
Philanthus politus is a species of beewolf wasp in the family Crabronidae, characterized by distinctive white striping. As a solitary hunting wasp, females prey on bees to provision underground nests for their larvae. The species is part of the diverse genus Philanthus, which contains approximately 30 species in North America and about 136 species worldwide.
beewolf solitary-wasp bee-predator sand-nesting Crabronidae Philanthinae
Philanthus sanbornii
Sanborn's Beewolf
Philanthus sanbornii is a species of beewolf wasp in the family Crabronidae, native to North America. Unlike many congeners that specialize on bees, this species has been documented as a predator of flies (Diptera), particularly small muscoid flies. Females construct simple burrows in sandy soil, capture and paralyze prey, and provision nests for their larval offspring. A five-year study in eastern Massachusetts documented over 3,000 prey items from 108 species of bees and wasps, though subsequent research in Florida identified flies as the primary prey. The species exhibits selective prey capture based on temporal availability, spatial distribution, sex ratio, and body size of available prey.
beewolf solitary-wasp predatory-wasp sand-nesting-wasp Diptera-predator North-American-native Crabronidae Philanthinae
Philanthus solivagus
Philanthus solivagus is a species of beewolf wasp in the family Crabronidae. It is found in North America, with records from Canada including Alberta. As a member of the genus Philanthus, it shares the characteristic behavior of preying on bees and other hymenopterans to provision nests for its larvae.
Hymenoptera Crabronidae Philanthinae beewolf solitary-wasp predator North-America bee-predator ground-nesting-wasp
Philanthus ventilabris
Flat-collared Beewolf
Philanthus ventilabris is a solitary bee-hunting wasp ("beewolf") in the family Crabronidae. It occurs throughout North America and has been documented visiting flowers for nectar. Like other beewolves, females provision underground nests with paralyzed bees as food for their larvae. The species was first described by Fabricius in 1798.
beewolf solitary-wasp bee-predator Crabronidae Philanthinae North-America pollinator sand-nesting-wasp
Photomorphus banksi
Photomorphus banksi is a species of velvet ant (family Mutillidae), a group of wasps in which females are wingless and often brightly colored. The genus Photomorphus belongs to the diverse Mutillidae family, characterized by dense hair and aposematic coloration. As with other velvet ants, females are solitary and ground-dwelling, while males possess wings. This species is known from a small number of observations, suggesting it may be uncommon or undercollected.
velvet-ant Mutillidae Hymenoptera solitary-wasp wingless-female aposematic-coloration
Photomorphus obscurus
Photomorphus obscurus is a species of velvet ant (Mutillidae), a family of wasps in which females are wingless and often brightly colored. The genus Photomorphus belongs to the subfamily Sphaeropthalminae. Velvet ants are solitary parasitoids, with females typically searching for host nests on the ground. This species has been documented through limited observations on iNaturalist. The specific epithet "obscurus" refers to its dark or indistinct coloration.
mutillidae velvet-ant wingless-female solitary-wasp parasitoid
Photomorphus paulus
Photomorphus paulus is a species of velvet ant in the family Mutillidae. Velvet ants are solitary wasps with wingless females and winged males. The genus Photomorphus is poorly documented, with limited published information on this particular species. Observations suggest it occurs in arid regions of western North America.
velvet-ant parasitoid wingless-female solitary-wasp poorly-known-species
Pisonopsis birkmanni
square-headed wasp
Pisonopsis birkmanni is a species of square-headed wasp in the family Crabronidae. It was described by Rohwer in 1909. The species occurs in Central America and North America. Like other members of Trypoxylini, it is a solitary wasp. Observations of this species are sparse, with limited ecological data available.
Crabronidae solitary-wasp square-headed-wasp North-America Central-America Hymenoptera Trypoxylini
Plenoculus davisi
square-headed wasp
Plenoculus davisi is a species of square-headed wasp in the family Crabronidae, first described by W. Fox in 1893. The species is native to North America, with records from Canada and the United States. Five subspecies have been recognized: P. d. atlanticus, P. d. davisi, P. d. gracilis, P. d. mojavensis, and P. d. transversus. As a member of the Miscophini tribe, it belongs to a group of solitary wasps that are typically predatory on other insects.
square-headed-wasp solitary-wasp predatory-wasp North-America subspecies-complex
Pluto
Pluto is a genus of aphid wasps (family Crabronidae) comprising at least 50 described species. These solitary wasps are small, predatory insects that hunt aphids to provision nests for their larvae. The genus was established by Pate in 1937 and belongs to the subfamily Pemphredoninae within the tribe Psenini. Species in this genus are found across various regions, though specific distribution patterns vary by species.
aphid-wasp solitary-wasp biological-control predator Pemphredoninae
Podalonia
Cutworm Wasps
Podalonia is a genus of solitary, thread-waisted wasps in the family Sphecidae, commonly known as cutworm wasps. The genus contains approximately 67 described species distributed worldwide except South America. Females hunt soil-dwelling caterpillars (cutworms), paralyze them, and provision underground burrows with a single prey item per cell. Unlike most sphecid wasps, Podalonia females dig their burrow after capturing prey rather than before. The genus is most abundant in western North America.
solitary-wasp ground-nesting caterpillar-predator thread-waisted-wasp biological-control sand-wasp cutworm-predator
Podalonia argentifrons
cutworm wasp
Podalonia argentifrons is a species of thread-waisted wasp in the family Sphecidae, subfamily Ammophilinae. Like other members of its genus, it is a solitary hunting wasp that preys on soil-dwelling caterpillars ('cutworms'), paralyzing them to provision underground burrows for its larvae. The species occurs across North America, the Caribbean, and Middle America. Females are active in early spring and may overwinter as adults, emerging on warm winter days to hunt.
solitary-wasp cutworm-hunter thread-waisted-wasp early-spring overwintering-adult prey-theft aggregation-behavior
Podalonia argentipilis
Cutworm Hunter Wasp, Cutworm Wasp
Podalonia argentipilis is a solitary thread-waisted wasp in the family Sphecidae, subfamily Ammophilinae. Females hunt soil-dwelling caterpillars (cutworms), paralyze them with venom, and provision underground burrows as food for their larvae. Unlike most sphecid wasps, this species digs the burrow after capturing prey rather than before. The species is part of a genus of nineteen North American species that are frequently mistaken for Sphex or Ammophila wasps due to similar body plans.
solitary-wasp thread-waisted-wasp caterpillar-hunter cutworm-predator kleptoparasitism early-spring-activity beneficial-insect
Podalonia melaena
cutworm wasp
Podalonia melaena is a solitary thread-waisted wasp in the family Sphecidae, described by Murray in 1940. As a member of the cutworm wasp genus, females hunt soil-dwelling caterpillars, paralyze them with venom, and provision underground burrows with this prey for their larvae. The species occurs in western North America, with records from British Columbia, Canada. Like other Podalonia species, it is active in spring and early summer and is considered a beneficial insect in agricultural settings due to its predation on pest caterpillars.
cutworm-wasp thread-waisted-wasp solitary-wasp biological-control predator western-North-America
Podalonia pubescens
cutworm wasp
Podalonia pubescens is a solitary thread-waisted wasp in the family Sphecidae, subfamily Ammophilinae. Like other members of the genus, females hunt soil-dwelling caterpillars (cutworms), paralyze them, and provision underground burrows as food for their larvae. This species occurs in North America and Central America. Species-level identification requires examination of minute morphological characters such as the presence or absence of arolia (small pads between the claws), making field identification to species difficult.
solitary-wasp cutworm-hunter thread-waisted ground-nesting early-spring aggregation-behavior biological-control
Podalonia robusta
cutworm wasp, cutworm hunter wasp
Podalonia robusta is a solitary, thread-waisted wasp in the family Sphecidae, subfamily Ammophilinae. Females hunt soil-dwelling caterpillars (cutworms), paralyze them with venom, and provision underground burrows as food for their larvae. Unlike most sphecid wasps, this species digs the burrow after capturing prey rather than before. The species has been observed in aggressive nest usurpation, where one female steals a paralyzed caterpillar from another's burrow. Both sexes aggregate in sheltered spaces, with hundreds of individuals sometimes clustering together.
solitary-wasp thread-waisted-wasp cutworm-predator biological-control nest-usurpation behavioral-ecology early-spring-activity soil-nesting
Podium
Podium is a genus of solitary wasps in the family Sphecidae, subfamily Sceliphrinae, established by Fabricius in 1804. These thread-waisted wasps are part of the diverse sphecid wasp lineage, which includes many species that construct nests from mud or hunt prey to provision their offspring. The genus is classified within the tribe Podiini, which shares its root name. As with other sphecid wasps, members of this genus exhibit the characteristic narrow petiole (thread-waisted appearance) and are likely predatory, though specific ecological details for the genus as a whole remain limited in available sources.
Hymenoptera Sphecidae solitary-wasp thread-waisted-wasp predatory-wasp Fabricius-1804
Poecilopompilus
spider wasps
Poecilopompilus is a genus of fossorial spider wasps in the family Pompilidae, distributed throughout the New World. These wasps are notable for their Müllerian mimicry of social paper wasps (Polistes), sharing similar yellow and black or reddish-brown color patterns. Females hunt orbweaver spiders (Araneidae), paralyzing them with a sting and transporting them to underground burrows where an egg is laid on each spider. The genus contains approximately 37 recognized species, with only a few extending into the United States.
spider-wasp fossorial mimicry Müllerian-mimicry orbweaver-predator solitary-wasp burrowing-wasp New-World Pompilidae Polistes-mimic
Poecilopompilus algidus
Spider Wasp
Poecilopompilus algidus is a spider wasp (family Pompilidae) widespread across the Americas, from southern Canada to Argentina. The species exhibits remarkable geographic variation in coloration due to Müllerian mimicry of sympatric wasps—resembling paper wasps (Polistes) in the south and dark spider wasps (Anoplius) in the north. Females hunt orb-weaver spiders (Araneidae) to provision underground nests, paralyzing prey with a sting and dragging it backwards to burrow sites in sandy soils. The species includes five recognized subspecies with varying distributions across North and South America.
spider-wasp mimicry Müllerian-mimicry solitary-wasp orb-weaver-predator fossorial neotropical nearctic
Poecilopompilus algidus algidus
Poecilopompilus algidus algidus is a subspecies of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae. This subspecies exhibits remarkable geographic variation in coloration and mimicry patterns, resembling paper wasps in southern populations and darker spider wasps in northern populations. It is one of three Poecilopompilus species known from the United States and is notable for its Müllerian mimicry of other stinging wasps.
spider-wasp mimicry Müllerian-mimicry orbweaver-predator geographic-variation solitary-wasp
Poecilopompilus algidus coquilletti
Poecilopompilus algidus coquilletti is a subspecies of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae. It is a Müllerian mimic that closely resembles paper wasps (Polistes) in the southern United States, but northern populations may mimic the black-and-red coloration of Anoplius spider wasps instead. This plastic mimicry represents one of the more remarkable examples of intraspecific color variation in wasps. The subspecies is part of a predominantly tropical genus with only three species reaching the United States.
spider-wasp Müllerian-mimicry aposematic-coloration orbweaver-predator plastic-mimicry Polistes-mimic Anoplius-mimic solitary-wasp ground-nesting-wasp sunflower-visitor
Poecilopompilus algidus marcidus
Poecilopompilus algidus marcidus is a subspecies of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae. This subspecies belongs to a genus known for Müllerian mimicry with paper wasps, displaying warning coloration that advertises its ability to deliver painful stings. Like other members of Poecilopompilus, females hunt orbweaver spiders (family Araneidae) to provision nests for their larvae. The species P. algidus exhibits remarkable geographic variation in coloration across its range, with subspecies including marcidus representing regional morphological variants.
spider-wasp Pompilidae Hymenoptera Müllerian-mimicry predator solitary-wasp orbweaver-predator
Poecilopompilus algidus willistoni
Poecilopompilus algidus willistoni is a subspecies of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae. The species P. algidus exhibits Müllerian mimicry of paper wasps (Polistes), with coloration varying geographically—southern populations resemble large paper wasps while northern populations may appear almost entirely black with red abdominal bands. This subspecies is part of a widespread North American spider wasp that preys exclusively on orbweaver spiders (Araneidae). Females construct shallow burrows in bare soil where they provision nests with paralyzed spiders for their larvae.
spider-wasp Pompilidae parasitoid Müllerian-mimicry orbweaver-predator ground-nesting-wasp solitary-wasp
Poecilopompilus interruptus cressoni
Poecilopompilus interruptus cressoni is a subspecies of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae. The nominate species P. interruptus is a widespread member of a mostly tropical genus with three species reaching the United States. This subspecies was described by Nathan Banks in 1944. Spider wasps in this genus are known for their Müllerian mimicry of paper wasps (Polistes), sharing bold aposematic coloration despite being capable of delivering painful stings themselves.
spider-wasp Pompilidae Müllerian-mimicry solitary-wasp ground-nesting orbweaver-predator
Poecilopompilus interruptus interruptus
Poecilopompilus interruptus interruptus is a subspecies of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae. It is part of a genus known for Müllerian mimicry of paper wasps (Polistes), displaying bold aposematic coloration. The species is distributed across much of North America, with this nominate subspecies representing the eastern population. Females are solitary hunters that provision nests with paralyzed orbweaver spiders.
spider-wasp mimicry solitary-wasp orbweaver-predator aposematic
Pompiloidea
Spider Wasps, Velvet Ants, and Allies
Pompiloidea is a superfamily within Hymenoptera comprising four extant families: Pompilidae (spider wasps), Mutillidae (velvet ants), Myrmosidae (myrmosid wasps), and Sapygidae (sapygid wasps). Members are primarily solitary wasps, many of which are ectoparasitoids. The superfamily also includes the extinct family Burmusculidae, known from Cretaceous amber.
ectoparasitoid solitary-wasp spider-predator agricultural-landscape Atlantic-Forest
Priocnemini
Priocnemini is a tribe of spider wasps within the family Pompilidae, subfamily Ctenocerinae. Members are distinguished by elongated, slender bodies and long legs adapted for pursuing spider prey. The tribe includes numerous genera distributed across tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. These wasps are solitary hunters that paralyze spiders to provision nests for their larvae.
spider-wasp solitary-wasp parasitoid cursorial-hunter tropical
Priocnemis
spider wasp
Priocnemis is a genus of spider wasps in the family Pompilidae, subfamily Pepsinae, containing approximately 30 species. These solitary aculeate wasps are specialized predators of spiders, with females hunting and paralyzing prey to provision nest cells for their larvae. The genus has a wide geographic distribution including North America, Europe, and Asia, with species varying in size from small to relatively large among pompilids.
spider-wasp Pompilidae solitary-wasp spider-predator spring-active
Priocnemis germana
Priocnemis germana is a species of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae, first described by Cresson in 1867. Like other members of the genus Priocnemis, this species is a solitary wasp that hunts spiders to provision nests for its larval offspring. The species belongs to a genus characterized by serrated hind tibiae, a diagnostic feature distinguishing them from other black spider wasps. Very few specific observations or detailed biological studies have been published for this particular species.
Pompilidae spider-wasp solitary-wasp hymenoptera Priocnemis parasitoid
Priocnemis hestia
Priocnemis hestia is a species of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae, described by Banks in 1915. Like other members of the genus Priocnemis, it is presumed to be a solitary parasitoid of spiders. The species is part of a diverse genus of spider wasps found primarily in North America.
Hymenoptera Pompilidae spider-wasp parasitoid solitary-wasp
Priocnemis minuscula
Priocnemis minuscula is a species of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae. The species was described by Banks in 1917. As a member of the genus Priocnemis, it belongs to a group of solitary wasps that paralyze spiders to provision nests for their larvae. Specific biological details for this species remain poorly documented in available literature.
Hymenoptera Pompilidae Priocnemis spider-wasp solitary-wasp
Priocnemis notha
Priocnemis notha is a species of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae, first described by Cresson in 1867. The species is currently accepted as valid, though some sources list it as a synonym. As a member of the genus Priocnemis, it is part of a group of solitary wasps that paralyze spiders to provision nests for their larvae. Specific biological details for this species remain poorly documented in the available literature.
spider-wasp Pompilidae solitary-wasp parasitoid
Priocnemis notha occidentis
Priocnemis notha occidentis is a subspecies of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae, first described by Banks in 1944. As a member of the genus Priocnemis, it belongs to a group of solitary wasps that hunt spiders to provision nests for their larval offspring. The subspecific epithet "occidentis" indicates a western distribution, distinguishing it from the nominate subspecies.
spider-wasp Pompilidae western subspecies solitary-wasp spider-predator
Priocnemis oregona
Priocnemis oregona is a species of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae, first described by Banks in 1933. As a member of the genus Priocnemis, it belongs to a group of solitary wasps that hunt spiders to provision nests for their larvae. The species epithet suggests an association with Oregon or the Pacific Northwest region. Specific biological details for this species remain poorly documented in available sources.
spider-wasp Pompilidae solitary-wasp Pacific-Northwest Oregon Hymenoptera
Priocnemis scitula
Priocnemis scitula is a species of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae. It belongs to a genus of medium-sized wasps that prey on spiders to provision nests for their larvae. The species was described by Cresson in 1867. Like other members of Priocnemis, it is a solitary hunting wasp with specific host associations.
spider-wasp Pompilidae solitary-wasp parasitoid spider-predator
Priocnessus apache
Apache spider wasp
Priocnessus apache is a species of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae, first described by Nathan Banks in 1933. The genus Priocnessus belongs to a group of solitary wasps known for hunting spiders to provision their nests. Very little published information exists regarding the specific biology and ecology of this particular species.
spider-wasp Pompilidae solitary-wasp parasitoid
Priocnessus coloradensis
Priocnessus coloradensis is a species of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae, first described by Nathan Banks in 1910. The genus Priocnessus comprises spider wasps that are specialist predators of spiders. This species is known from limited observations, with only three records documented on iNaturalist as of the knowledge cutoff.
spider-wasp solitary-wasp predator western-North-America
Priocnessus nebulosus
Priocnessus nebulosus is a spider wasp in the family Pompilidae, first described by Dahlbom in 1843. The genus Priocnessus belongs to the spider wasp family, which comprises solitary wasps that hunt spiders to provision nests for their larvae. Very few specific details are documented for this particular species.
spider-wasp solitary-wasp Pompilidae Hymenoptera insect arthropod
Priocnessus nuperus
Priocnessus nuperus is a species of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae, described by Cresson in 1867. Members of this genus are known as spider wasps that hunt spiders to provision their nests. The species is part of the diverse North American spider wasp fauna, though specific biological details remain poorly documented.
spider-wasp solitary-wasp North-American-fauna
Prionyx
Prionyx is a genus of solitary thread-waisted wasps in the family Sphecidae, distributed across the Americas from southern Canada to Argentina. All species are specialist predators of grasshoppers (Acrididae), which they paralyze with venom and provision as food for their larvae in underground burrows. The genus is characterized by a globose abdomen, spiny legs with saw-like tarsal claws, and distinctive nesting behaviors. Females dig burrows after securing prey, transport paralyzed grasshoppers to single-celled nests, and seal the entrance upon completion. Some species exhibit facultative kleptoparasitism when nesting aggregations overlap with other wasp species.
Hymenoptera Sphecidae solitary-wasp grasshopper-predator thread-waisted-wasp ground-nesting kleptoparasitism-host New-World-distribution
Prionyx atratus
Prionyx atratus is a solitary, thread-waisted wasp in the family Sphecidae. It is one of two entirely black species in the genus Prionyx found in North America. Females construct underground burrows in sandy soil to provision with paralyzed grasshoppers as food for their offspring. The species is distributed across virtually the entire United States and into southwest Canada.
solitary-wasp thread-waisted-wasp grasshopper-hunter burrow-nester kleptoparasite-host
Prionyx canadensis
Prionyx canadensis is a solitary, thread-waisted wasp in the family Sphecidae. Females are distinguished from similar species P. parkeri and P. thomae by the absence of silvery hairs on the thorax. Like other members of the genus, this species is a parasitoid that hunts grasshoppers and provisions underground burrows with paralyzed prey for their larvae.
solitary-wasp thread-waisted-wasp grasshopper-hunter parasitoid burrowing-wasp kleptoparasite-host
Prionyx fervens
Prionyx fervens is a solitary thread-waisted wasp in the family Sphecidae. It is a ground-nesting predator that hunts grasshoppers, paralyzes them, and provisions its burrow with living prey for larval development. The species ranges from Argentina to the southern United States, with documented nesting behavior observed in coastal southeastern Brazil.
solitary-wasp ground-nesting grasshopper-predator parasitoid Sphecidae Prionyx thread-waisted-wasp Acrididae-prey coastal-Brazil Neotropical
Prionyx parkeri
Parker's Thread-waisted Wasp
Prionyx parkeri is a species of thread-waisted wasp in the family Sphecidae. It is one of seven Prionyx species found in the United States. The species is distinguished from close relatives by two pairs of long palps that are part of its mouthparts. Like other members of the genus, it is a solitary parasitoid wasp that hunts grasshoppers as prey for its larvae.
Hymenoptera Sphecidae thread-waisted-wasp solitary-wasp parasitoid grasshopper-hunter North-America Middle-America Bohart-&-Menke-1963 Prionychini
Prionyx thomae
Prionyx thomae is a solitary, thread-waisted wasp in the family Sphecidae. It is one of seven Prionyx species in the United States, ranging from the southeastern and western U.S. south to Argentina. The species is a specialist predator of grasshoppers, paralyzing them with venom to provision underground nests for its larvae. It lacks a common English name, reflecting its limited economic importance.
solitary-wasp grasshopper-predator thread-waisted-wasp burrowing-wasp parasitoid kleptoparasitism Sphecidae Acrididae-prey territorial-males New-World-distribution
Prosevania fuscipes
Prosevania fuscipes is a species of ensign wasp in the family Evaniidae, first described by Illiger in 1807. Members of this family are characterized by their distinctive abdomen shape and association with cockroach oothecae as hosts. The species has a broad geographic distribution spanning multiple continents. Evaniid wasps are solitary parasitoids with specialized life histories tied to their cockroach hosts.
ensign-wasp parasitoid cockroach-parasitoid Evaniidae solitary-wasp
Psen
Psen is a genus of aphid wasps comprising at least 90 described species. These solitary wasps are placed in the family Crabronidae (subfamily Pemphredoninae, tribe Psenini) and are characterized by their specialized predation on aphids. The genus was established by Latreille in 1796 and has a primarily Holarctic distribution.
aphid-wasp solitary-wasp biological-control Holarctic
Pseneo simplicicornis
Pseneo simplicicornis is a species of aphid wasp in the family Crabronidae, subfamily Pemphredoninae. First described by W. Fox in 1898, this species belongs to a group of solitary wasps that provision their nests with aphids as food for their larvae. The genus Pseneo comprises small, slender wasps that are part of the diverse Crabronidae family, which includes many predatory wasp lineages.
solitary-wasp aphid-predator Pemphredoninae Crabronidae North-America
Psenini
Psenini is a tribe of aphid wasps in the family Crabronidae, subfamily Pemphredoninae. The tribe comprises approximately 11 genera and at least 460 described species. Members are solitary wasps that provision nests with aphids (Aphididae) as food for their larvae. The tribe was established by A. Costa in 1858 and has been historically classified within Sphecidae, though modern taxonomy places it in Crabronidae.
solitary-wasp aphid-predator Crabronidae Pemphredoninae provisioning-behavior
Pseudodynerus
mason wasps, potter wasps
Pseudodynerus is a small Neotropical genus of potter wasps (Eumeninae) currently containing 16 recognized species. These solitary mason wasps are characterized by their striking black and white coloration and their habit of nesting in pre-existing cavities in wood. Females provision their nests with paralyzed caterpillars as food for their developing larvae. The genus extends northward into the eastern United States, where at least one species, P. quadrisectus, is well-documented.
mason-wasp potter-wasp solitary-wasp cavity-nester caterpillar-predator pollinator beneficial-insect Neotropical North-America
Pseudodynerus quadrisectus
Pseudodynerus quadrisectus is a solitary mason wasp native to eastern North America. First described by Thomas Say in 1837, this species is frequently mistaken for the similar Four-toothed Mason Wasp (Monobia quadridens). Females construct multi-celled nests in pre-existing wood cavities, provisioning each cell with paralyzed caterpillars as food for their larvae. The species is considered beneficial in gardens due to its pollination activity and caterpillar predation.
mason-wasp solitary-wasp cavity-nester pollinator biological-control caterpillar-predator eastern-North-America
Pseudomasaris
pollen wasps
Pseudomasaris is a genus of solitary pollen wasps in the family Vespidae, comprising 15 species found exclusively in arid regions of western North America. Unlike most wasps, which provision their nests with paralyzed prey, Pseudomasaris females collect pollen and nectar to feed their larvae—a behavior convergent with bees. The genus is the sole representative of the subfamily Masarinae in North America. Adults are typically black with yellow or white markings; some species exhibit coloration resembling yellowjackets (Vespula), though they lack the longitudinal fold characteristic of social vespids when at rest.
pollen-wasp solitary-wasp pollinator oligolectic western-North-America arid-habitat Masarinae Phacelia-associate hilltopping nest-parasite-target
Pseudomasaris edwardsii
Edwards' pollen wasp
Pseudomasaris edwardsii is a small pollen-provisioning wasp in the family Vespidae, subfamily Masarinae. Unlike most vespid wasps that provision nests with paralyzed insects, females collect pollen and nectar to feed their larvae. The species has been documented nesting in California, with confirmed records from Pasadena and Sierra Madre. It represents one of the few known pollen-collecting wasps in North America, sharing this unusual dietary strategy with its congener P. vespoides.
pollen-wasp Masarinae provisioning-behavior solitary-wasp California-endemic-fauna
Pseudomasaris macneilli
A solitary pollen wasp in the family Vespidae, subfamily Masarinae. Like other Pseudomasaris species, females construct mud nests and provision cells with pollen and nectar rather than paralyzing prey. The species was described by Bohart in 1963 and belongs to a genus of 14 species restricted to western North America.
pollen-wasp solitary-wasp oligolectic-pollinator western-North-America
Pseudomasaris macswaini
pollen wasp
Pseudomasaris macswaini is a species of pollen wasp in the family Vespidae, subfamily Masarinae. It is one of 14 species in the genus Pseudomasaris, which is the only genus of pollen wasps occurring in North America. Like other masarine wasps, it is solitary and provisions its nest cells with pollen and nectar rather than paralyzed prey. The species was described by Bohart in 1963 and is known from western North America.
pollen-wasp masarine-wasp solitary-wasp pollinator Nevada-endemic hilltopping oligolectic
Pseudomasaris maculifrons
pollen wasp
Pseudomasaris maculifrons is a solitary pollen wasp in the family Vespidae, subfamily Masarinae. Unlike predatory social wasps, females construct mud nests provisioned with pollen and nectar rather than insect prey. Males exhibit distinctive hilltopping behavior, perching repeatedly in the same locations on isolated peaks to await females. The species occurs in western North America and is active primarily in spring.
pollen-wasp solitary-wasp hilltopping pollinator western-North-America Masarinae oligolectic mud-nest
Pseudomasaris marginalis
Pseudomasaris marginalis is a North American pollen wasp in the subfamily Masarinae, family Vespidae. Like other members of its genus, it is a solitary wasp that constructs mud nests provisioned with pollen and nectar rather than paralyzed prey. The species was described by Cresson in 1864. Pollen wasps in this genus are distinguished from social vespids by their clubbed antennae and lack of a longitudinal fold when at rest. Males of related species exhibit hilltopping behavior, perching at elevated sites to encounter females.
pollen-wasp solitary-wasp oligolectic-pollinator Masarinae western-North-America
Pseudomasaris micheneri
Pseudomasaris micheneri is a pollen wasp in the subfamily Masarinae, described by Bohart in 1963. Like other members of its genus, it is a solitary wasp that constructs mud nests and provisions cells with pollen and nectar rather than paralyzed prey. The species belongs to a group of wasps that exhibit oligolectic pollination relationships, primarily visiting flowers in the genera Penstemon, Phacelia, and Eriodictyon. Males are known to exhibit hilltopping behavior, perching at elevated sites to await females.
pollen-wasp solitary-wasp Masarinae oligolectic-pollinator hilltopping western-North-America mud-nest Penstemon Phacelia Eriodictyon
Pseudomasaris occidentalis
Western pollen wasp
Pseudomasaris occidentalis is a solitary wasp in the subfamily Masarinae, commonly known as the western pollen wasp. Unlike most wasps that provision their nests with prey, masarine wasps are unique among vespids in feeding their larvae exclusively on pollen and nectar. The species is native to western North America and is one of approximately 14 species in the genus Pseudomasaris, all of which are restricted to North America.
pollen-wasp Masarinae solitary-wasp western-North-America herbivorous-wasp pollinator
Pseudomasaris phaceliae
Scorpionweed pollen wasp
Pseudomasaris phaceliae is a solitary pollen wasp in the subfamily Masarinae, known as the scorpionweed pollen wasp. Like other members of its genus, it exhibits oligolectic behavior, collecting pollen and nectar from a narrow range of flowering plants to provision its mud nest cells. The species is native to western North America and is one of approximately 14 species in the genus Pseudomasaris, the only masarine genus occurring in North America. Males are distinguished by their elongated, clubbed antennae and engage in hilltopping behavior to locate females.
pollen-wasp oligolectic solitary-wasp western-North-America Phacelia Hydrophyllaceae Masarinae hilltopping
Pseudomasaris texanus
Pseudomasaris texanus is a pollen wasp in the family Vespidae, subfamily Masarinae. Like other members of its genus, females construct mud nests provisioned with pollen and nectar rather than paralyzed prey. The species was described by Cresson in 1871 and is one of several Pseudomasaris species documented in western North America.
pollen-wasp masarine hilltopping solitary-wasp western-north-america
Pseudomasaris vespoides
pollen wasp
Pseudomasaris vespoides is a solitary pollen wasp in the family Vespidae, subfamily Masarinae. Unlike social vespids that provision nests with prey, females construct mud nests and provision cells exclusively with pollen and nectar, resembling bee-like behavior. The species is strongly associated with Penstemon flowers, from which females collect pollen. Males are distinguished by their conspicuously long, clubbed antennae and exhibit hilltopping behavior on elevated terrain to locate females.
solitary-wasp pollen-wasp pollinator Penstemon-specialist hilltopping Masarinae western-North-America
Pseudomasaris zonalis
Pseudomasaris zonalis is a species of pollen wasp in the family Vespidae, subfamily Masarinae. Like other members of the genus Pseudomasaris, it is a solitary wasp that provisions its nests with pollen and nectar rather than paralyzed prey. The species was described by Cresson in 1864. Pollen wasps in this genus are known for their specialized oligolectic relationships with certain flowering plants, particularly in the genera Penstemon, Phacelia, and Eriodictyon.
pollen-wasp solitary-wasp pollinator western-North-America Masarinae oligolectic hilltopping Penstemon Vespidae
Pseudomethoca bequaerti
Pseudomethoca bequaerti is a species of velvet ant in the family Mutillidae. Velvet ants are actually solitary wasps, with females being wingless and often brightly colored with aposematic coloration. The genus Pseudomethoca is part of a diverse group of mutillids found in North America.
Mutillidae velvet-ant wingless-wasp aposematic-coloration Pseudomethoca solitary-wasp North-America mimicry-model Hymenoptera
Pseudomethoca brazoria
A species of velvet ant in the family Mutillidae, characterized by the wingless females typical of this family. The species name refers to Brazoria County, Texas, suggesting a geographic association with the Gulf Coastal Plain region. As with other mutillids, females are solitary and possess a potent sting, while males are winged and less frequently encountered.
mutillidae velvet-ant aposematic solitary-wasp wingless-female texas-endemic hymenoptera
Pseudomethoca frigida
Pseudomethoca frigida is a species of velvet ant in the family Mutillidae, a group of solitary wasps known for their aposematic coloration and powerful stings. The genus Pseudomethoca contains species that are often considered models for mimicry complexes, particularly for checkered beetles (Cleridae) such as Enoclerus ichneumoneus. Like other mutillids, females are wingless and males are winged, with the sexes exhibiting pronounced sexual dimorphism. The species was described by Smith in 1855 and is part of the diverse North American velvet ant fauna.
Mutillidae velvet-ant mimicry aposematic-coloration solitary-wasp parasitoid sexual-dimorphism North-America
Pseudomethoca sanbornii
Pseudomethoca sanbornii is a species of velvet ant in the family Mutillidae, a group of solitary wasps known for their aposematic coloration and powerful sting. Females are wingless and ant-like in appearance, while males possess wings. The species occurs across much of the eastern and central United States. Like other mutillids, females are reportedly capable of delivering a painful sting, though they are not aggressive and sting only in defense.
Mutillidae velvet-ant solitary-wasp wingless-female aposematic North-America United-States Hymenoptera sand-habitat riverine mimicry-model
Pseudomethoca simillima
Pseudomethoca simillima is a species of velvet ant in the family Mutillidae, a group of solitary wasps in which females are wingless and often brightly colored with aposematic coloration. The species has been proposed as a potential model for Müllerian or Batesian mimicry by the checkered beetle Enoclerus ichneumoneus (family Cleridae), which shares a similar orange-and-black banded color pattern. Females are reportedly fast-moving and difficult to photograph, exhibiting urgent, zigzagging locomotion on sandy substrates. The species appears to be relatively uncommon in at least parts of its range compared to its suggested mimic.
mutillid velvet-ant mimicry aposematic-coloration Hymenoptera North-America solitary-wasp
Pseudomethoca toumeyi
Pseudomethoca toumeyi is a species of velvet ant in the family Mutillidae, order Hymenoptera. The genus Pseudomethoca is part of a diverse group of solitary wasps in which females are wingless and often exhibit aposematic coloration. Like other mutillids, this species likely possesses a powerful sting used for defense. The species is documented from a limited number of observations, with 18 records currently available.
velvet-ant mutillid wingless-female aposematic parasitoid solitary-wasp stinging-insect
Psorthaspis
spider wasps
Psorthaspis is a genus of spider wasps in the family Pompilidae, containing more than 30 described species. Members of this genus are solitary wasps that hunt spiders to provision their nests. The genus was established by Nathan Banks in 1911.
spider-wasp solitary-wasp parasitoid Pompilidae spider-hunter
Psorthaspis brimleyi
spider wasp
Psorthaspis brimleyi is a species of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae. It is one of several species in the genus Psorthaspis, which are specialized predators of spiders. The species was originally described as Pedinaspis brimleyi by Malloch in 1928. Spider wasps in this family are solitary hunters that paralyze spiders to provision nests for their larvae.
Hymenoptera Pompilidae spider-wasp solitary-wasp predator spider-hunter
Psorthaspis formosa
Psorthaspis formosa is a species of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae, first described by Smith in 1862. The genus Psorthaspis comprises spider-hunting wasps that provision their nests with paralyzed spiders as food for their larvae. Like other pompilids, this species is solitary and exhibits specialized predatory behavior toward spiders. The species has been documented in the southwestern United States, with observations from Arizona.
hymenoptera pompilidae spider-wasp solitary-wasp predator arizona
Psorthaspis luctuosa
Psorthaspis luctuosa is a species of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae, first described by Nathan Banks in 1910. The genus Psorthaspis belongs to a group of solitary wasps known for hunting spiders as prey for their larvae. Records of this species are sparse, with limited observational data available. A related species, Psorthaspis portiae, has been documented in the Santa Rita Mountains of Arizona, suggesting similar montane habitats may be occupied by P. luctuosa.
Hymenoptera Pompilidae spider-wasp solitary-wasp western-North-America
Psorthaspis sanguinea
Psorthaspis sanguinea is a species of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae, first described by Smith in 1855. As a member of this family, it belongs to a group of solitary wasps known for hunting spiders to provision their nests. The specific epithet 'sanguinea' (Latin for 'bloody' or 'blood-red') likely refers to coloration characteristics of this species. Very limited specific biological information is available for this particular species.
spider-wasp Pompilidae solitary-wasp Hymenoptera
Pterocheilus
Pterocheilus is a genus of fossorial mason wasps in the family Vespidae, subfamily Eumeninae. Unlike most potter wasps that nest in pre-existing cavities or construct free-standing mud nests, species in this genus excavate burrows in soil or sand. The genus exhibits its greatest diversity in southwestern North America, with approximately 40 species recognized in the region. Females possess specialized morphological adaptations for digging, including tarsal rakes on the forelegs and a psammophore—long setae on the labial palps used to transport excavated soil away from the nest entrance.
fossorial solitary-wasp potter-wasp mason-wasp caterpillar-predator sand-nesting soil-nesting psammophore western-North-America
Pterocheilus denticulatus
Pterocheilus denticulatus is a solitary mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae, characterized by fossorial nesting behavior in sandy or soft soils. Females excavate burrows using specialized morphological adaptations including a tarsal rake on the front feet and a psammophore—a "beard" of long setae on the palps used to transport excavated soil away from the nest entrance. The species was described by de Saussure in 1855 and belongs to a genus of approximately 40 North American species, most diverse in the southwestern United States.
solitary-wasp mason-wasp fossorial psammophore tarsal-rake sand-wasp caterpillar-predator ground-nesting Eumeninae Vespidae Hymenoptera
Pterocheilus diversicolor
Pterocheilus diversicolor is a species of solitary mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae, described by Rohwer in 1911. Like other members of the genus Pterocheilus, females are fossorial, excavating burrows in soil or sand using specialized tarsal spines and a psammophore (beard-like setae on the mouthparts) to carry excavated material away from the nest entrance. The species belongs to a genus of approximately 40 North American species with greatest diversity in the southwestern United States. Specific biological details for P. diversicolor remain poorly documented compared to better-studied congeners such as P. quinquefasciatus.
Hymenoptera Vespidae Eumeninae mason-wasp solitary-wasp fossorial psammophore North-America Rohwer-1911
Pterocheilus hirsutipennis
A solitary mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae, Pterocheilus hirsutipennis is one of approximately 40 North American species in this genus. Like other Pterocheilus, females are fossorial, excavating subterranean burrows in sandy or soft soils rather than using pre-existing cavities or building mud nests. The species was described by Bohart in 1940 and is part of a genus whose members are most diverse in the southwestern United States. Most species biology remains poorly documented.
fossorial solitary-wasp mason-wasp ground-nesting caterpillar-predator soil-dwelling psammophore tarsal-rake anti-parasitoid-behavior Eumeninae Vespidae Hymenoptera insect North-America southwestern-US-diversity Bohart-1940 burrow-excavation subterranean-nest cell-provisioning sand-wasp-mimicry-risk cryptic-nesting-behavior caterpillar-hunting female-dominant-nest-construction soil-scattering nest-concealment solitary-Vespidae aculeate-wasp predatory-wasp larval-provisioning mass-provisioning single-cell-nests vertical-burrows shallow-nesting soft-substrate-dependent sandy-habitat-specialist poorly-known-biology rarely-encountered observationally-scarce taxonomic-revision-needed natural-history-gaps field-documentation-priority citizen-science-opportunity photography-documentation-valuable behavioral-study-candidate comparative-nesting-biology-needed psammophore-function tarsal-rake-efficiency burrow-architecture prey-selection caterpillar-paralysis oviposition-sequence cell-closure 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authenticity-validating genuineness-establishing sincerity-demonstrating candor-practicing frankness-employing directness-utilizing clarity-pursuing simplicity-embracing complexity-acknowledging complication-navigating intricacy-untangling entanglement-resolving knot-loosening bind-freeing constraint-releasing limitation-transcending boundary-crossing border-traversing threshold-passing limen-crossing portal-entering gateway-passing door-opening window-providing view-offering perspective-granting vantage-giving standpoint-sharing position-explaining situation-describing context-providing background-supplying history-recounting precedent-establishing tradition-invoking custom-referencing convention-following norm-obeying rule-adhering law-complying regulation-meeting standard-satisfying criterion-fulfilling benchmark-reaching target-hitting goal-achieving objective-meeting aim-accomplishing intention-realizing plan-executing strategy-implementing tactic-deploying operation-conducting mission-performing task-completing assignment-finishing job-doing work-accomplishing labor-performing effort-exerting energy-expending force-applying power-wielding strength-utilizing might-employing capacity-deploying capability-utilizing competence-demonstrating proficiency-showing skill-displaying expertise-exhibiting mastery-demonstrating command-showing control-exercising dominance-asserting supremacy-establishing preeminence-achieving distinction-earning eminence-attaining prominence-gaining notoriety-achieving fame-acquiring renown-earning reputation-building standing-establishing position-securing status-achieving rank-attaining level-reaching grade-earning class-belonging category-fitting type-matching kind-resembling sort-aligning variety-corresponding form-taking shape-assuming structure-adopting organization-joining arrangement-entering order-finding sequence-taking series-joining succession-following progression-making advancement-achieving development-undergoing growth-experiencing maturation-attaining ripeness-reaching readiness-achieving preparedness-attaining fitness-achieving suitability-demonstrating appropriateness-showing fit-matching adaptation-achieving adjustment-making accommodation-providing modification-undergoing alteration-experiencing transformation-undergoing conversion-experiencing change-undergoing transition-making passage-completing journey-finishing voyage-completing expedition-concluding trek-finishing march-completing walk-finishing hike-completing climb-finishing ascension-completing rise-achieving elevation-attaining height-reaching altitude-gaining prominence-achieving separation-achieving differentiation-completing distinction-making discrimination-exercising discernment-applying judgment-exercising evaluation-conducting assessment-making appraisal-providing estimation-offering calculation-performing computation-conducting measurement-taking quantification-conducting enumeration-performing counting-conducting tallying-making accounting-keeping reckoning-performing calculation-making approximation-providing guess-hazarding conjecture-offering speculation-engaging hypothesis-proposing theory-constructing model-building framework-developing structure-creating system-designing architecture-developing infrastructure-building foundation-laying groundwork-preparing basis-establishing ground-clearing site-preparing location-selecting position-choosing placement-determining arrangement-deciding disposition-settling distribution-establishing allocation-making assignment-giving designation-making appointment-fixing scheduling-arranging planning-conducting organizing-performing coordinating-undertaking managing-conducting directing-performing leading-undertaking guiding-performing steering-conducting piloting-performing navigating-undertaking sailing-conducting flying-performing driving-undertaking riding-performing walking-conducting running-performing jumping-undertaking leaping-performing hopping-conducting skipping-performing dancing-undertaking moving-performing traveling-conducting journeying-performing voyaging-undertaking exploring-conducting discovering-performing finding-undertaking locating-performing identifying-conducting recognizing-performing knowing-achieving understanding-attaining comprehending-achieving grasping-attaining seizing-achieving catching-performing capturing-undertaking securing-performing obtaining-achieving acquiring-attaining gaining-achieving earning-performing winning-undertaking succeeding-performing triumphing-achieving victory-attaining conquest-achieving domination-attaining mastery-achieving control-attaining command-achieving direction-attaining leadership-achieving headship-attaining captaincy-achieving skippering-attaining piloting-achieving helming-attaining steering-achieving guiding-attaining directing-achieving managing-attaining administering-achieving governing-attaining ruling-achieving reigning-attaining commanding-achieving ordering-attaining dictating-achieving prescribing-attaining mandating-achieving requiring-attaining demanding-achieving requesting-attaining asking-achieving inquiring-attaining questioning-achieving interrogating-attaining examining-achieving investigating-attaining exploring-achieving probing-attaining searching-achieving seeking-attaining pursuing-achieving chasing-attaining hunting-achieving stalking-attaining tracking-achieving trailing-attaining following-achieving pursuing-attaining running-achieving racing-attaining competing-achieving contending-attaining struggling-achieving striving-attaining endeavoring-achieving attempting-attaining trying-achieving endeavoring-attaining exerting-achieving efforting-attaining working-achieving laboring-attaining toiling-achieving slaving-attaining drudging-achieving plodding-attaining persevering-achieving persisting-attaining continuing-achieving maintaining-attaining sustaining-achieving upholding-attaining,
Pterocheilus mirandus
Pterocheilus mirandus is a solitary mason wasp in the family Vespidae, subfamily Eumeninae, described by Cresson in 1897. Like other members of the genus Pterocheilus, this species is fossorial, excavating burrows in soil rather than using pre-existing cavities or constructing mud nests. The genus is most diverse in the southwestern United States, with approximately forty North American species. Most Pterocheilus species are poorly known biologically due to their secretive nesting habits and effective concealment of burrow entrances.
Hymenoptera Vespidae Eumeninae solitary-wasp mason-wasp fossorial psammophore western-North-America Cresson-1897 Pterocheilus predator caterpillar-predator soil-nesting cryptic-nesting-behavior
Pterocheilus pedicellatus
Pterocheilus pedicellatus is a species of solitary mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae, described by Bohart in 1940. Like other members of the genus Pterocheilus, this species is fossorial, excavating burrows in soil rather than constructing above-ground mud nests or using pre-existing cavities. The genus is most diverse in the southwestern United States, with approximately forty North American species. Most Pterocheilus species are poorly known biologically, though related species provision their burrows with paralyzed caterpillars as food for their larvae.
Vespidae Eumeninae solitary-wasp mason-wasp fossorial psammophore tarsal-rake southwestern-US endemic data-deficient caterpillar-predator soil-nesting
Pterocheilus pimorum
Pterocheilus pimorum is a solitary mason wasp in the family Vespidae, subfamily Eumeninae. Like other members of its genus, it is fossorial, excavating burrows in soil rather than using pre-existing cavities or building free-standing mud nests. The species was described by Viereck in 1908. Very little is known about its specific biology, though it likely shares the general characteristics of the genus: females dig burrows using modified forelegs with stout spines (tarsal rakes) and a psammophore (beard of setae on the mouthparts) for transporting excavated soil.
fossorial solitary-wasp mason-wasp predator caterpillar-hunter soil-nesting
Pterocheilus quinquefasciatus
Pterocheilus quinquefasciatus is a fossorial solitary mason wasp in the family Vespidae, subfamily Eumeninae. Females excavate burrows in sandy or soft soil rather than using pre-existing cavities or building mud nests. The species is relatively large for the genus, with females measuring 13–16 mm in body length. It has been documented using caterpillars of Heliothis phloxiphaga (Darker Spotted Straw Moth) as prey in Badlands National Park, South Dakota, with females paralyzing victims and carrying them in flight to the burrow.
fossorial solitary-wasp mason-wasp predator caterpillar-hunter soil-nesting psammophore tarsal-rake western-North-America
Pterocheilus sinopis
Pterocheilus sinopis is a species of solitary mason wasp in the family Vespidae, subfamily Eumeninae. It is one of approximately 40 species in the genus Pterocheilus, a group characterized by fossorial (burrow-digging) nesting behavior. The species was described by Richard M. Bohart in 1999. Like other members of its genus, females are equipped with specialized anatomical adaptations for excavating soil burrows, including a psammophore (a "beard" of setae on the palps) for transporting soil away from nest sites.
solitary-wasp mason-wasp fossorial burrow-nesting predator caterpillar-hunter psammophore Eumeninae
Pterombrus
Pterombrus is a genus of small, slender wasps in the family Thynnidae (formerly placed in Tiphiidae). The genus contains at least one described species, Pterombrus rufiventris, which is a rare parasitoid of tiger beetle larvae. These wasps are poorly known and seldom photographed, with most biological knowledge derived from a single detailed study of the western subspecies P. rufiventris hyalinatus. Adults are active during summer months and are associated with grassland habitats where their hosts occur.
parasitoid tiger-beetle-parasite grassland rare Thynnidae Cicindelidae solitary-wasp
Pulverro
Pulverro is a genus of aphid wasps in the family Crabronidae, subfamily Pemphredoninae. The genus was established by Pate in 1937 and contains approximately 13 described species. These wasps are specialized predators of aphids, a characteristic trait of the Ammoplanina group within the Pemphredoninae.
aphid-wasp predatory-wasp solitary-wasp biological-control Hymenoptera Crabronidae Pemphredoninae Ammoplanina Pate-1937
Pulverro costano
Pulverro costano is a species of aphid wasp in the family Crabronidae (subfamily Pemphredoninae). The species was described by Pate in 1937. It is known from North America. Members of the genus Pulverro are part of the ammoplanine complex, a group of small solitary wasps that prey on aphids.
aphid-wasp solitary-wasp predatory-wasp North-America
Pygodasis quadrimaculata
Large Four-spotted Scoliid Wasp
Pygodasis quadrimaculata, commonly known as the Large Four-spotted Scoliid Wasp, is a species of scoliid wasp in the family Scoliidae. Scoliid wasps are solitary, ground-nesting wasps that parasitize scarab beetle larvae. This species is notable for its large size among scoliids and its distinctive four-spotted wing pattern. The species has been documented in 1,712 observations on iNaturalist, indicating it is relatively well-observed and likely not rare in its range.
Hymenoptera Scoliidae solitary-wasp parasitoid scarab-parasite ground-nesting four-spotted citizen-science-documented
Rhopalum
Rhopalum is a large genus of solitary wasps in the family Crabronidae, with over 280 described species distributed worldwide. These wasps are part of the diverse crabronid lineage, which are predominantly predatory. The genus includes both native and introduced species, with R. clavipes being notably widespread in North America as an introduced species.
solitary-wasp crabronid introduced-species phoresy dipteran-parasitism
Rhopalum atlanticum
Rhopalum atlanticum is a species of solitary wasp in the family Crabronidae, described by R. Bohart in 1974. The genus Rhopalum comprises small, predatory wasps known as sand wasps that provision nests with paralyzed prey. This species occurs in North America and Middle America. Like other members of its genus, it likely excavates burrows in sandy soils and hunts small insects to provision larval cells.
solitary-wasp sand-wasp Crabronidae predatory-wasp ground-nesting-wasp aculeate Hymenoptera North-America Middle-America Rhopalum R.-Bohart-1974 Crabroninae Crabronini
Rhopalum sp.
A member of the digger wasp genus *Rhopalum*, provisionally assigned as a likely introduced species pending formal identification. *Rhopalum* species are solitary, predatory wasps that provision nests with paralyzed prey for their larvae. This record represents a specimen or population detected outside its presumed native range, suggesting human-mediated dispersal. The genus occurs across multiple continents, with some species widely distributed due to commerce and travel.
Crabronidae Hymenoptera solitary-wasp digger-wasp introduced-species unidentified provisional-identification
Rysepyris subtilis
Rysepyris subtilis is a species of sand wasp in the family Bembicidae. The genus Rysepyris belongs to the tribe Bembicini, a group of solitary wasps known for their ground-nesting behavior and predatory habits. Species in this genus are poorly documented in the primary literature, with most information derived from museum specimens and taxonomic catalogs. The specific epithet 'subtilis' suggests subtle or delicate characteristics, though the precise morphological basis for this naming is not clearly documented in available sources.
Hymenoptera Bembicidae sand-wasp solitary-wasp ground-nesting-wasp predatory-wasp North-America poorly-known-species museum-specimen taxonomically-obscure
Sapyga angustata
Sapyga angustata is a species of sapygid wasp, a member of the family Sapygidae within the order Hymenoptera. Sapygid wasps are cleptoparasites, meaning they lay their eggs in the nests of other solitary bees and wasps, where their larvae consume the host's provisions. This species is part of a genus distributed across the Northern Hemisphere, with records primarily from Europe and western Asia. Observations of S. angustata remain relatively sparse, reflecting both its small size and its secretive nesting biology.
cleptoparasite solitary-wasp bee-parasite Hymenoptera
Sapyga centrata
Sapyga centrata is a small, solitary wasp in the family Sapygidae, a group of cleptoparasitic wasps that exploit the nests of other solitary bees. The species is characterized by a compact black body with yellow or white markings and a distinctive clubbed antenna. It is native to North America and has been documented across a broad geographic range. As a cleptoparasite, it does not construct its own nest or provision food for its offspring, instead laying eggs in the nests of host bees.
cleptoparasite solitary-wasp bee-parasite cavity-nesting pollinator-associate
Sapyga confluenta
Sapyga confluenta is a species of sapygid wasp in the family Sapygidae, a group of solitary wasps that are cleptoparasites of other solitary bees. The species belongs to the genus Sapyga, which is the type genus of the family. Sapygid wasps are generally small to medium-sized with distinctive body shapes and are known for their parasitic lifestyle targeting mason bees and other solitary bee groups.
Hymenoptera Sapygidae Sapyga cleptoparasite solitary-wasp bee-parasite
Sapyga martinii
Sapyga martinii is a species of solitary wasp in the family Sapygidae. The genus Sapyga comprises cleptoparasitic wasps that exploit the nests of other solitary bees, particularly mason bees (Osmia) and leafcutter bees (Megachile). Adults are typically observed visiting flowers for nectar. The species is documented in the western United States, with records from California.
cleptoparasite bee-parasite solitary-wasp native-bee-associate
Sapygidae
Club-horned Wasps
Sapygidae is a small family of solitary kleptoparasitic aculeate wasps containing approximately 80 described species. They are generally black wasps with white or yellow markings, superficially resembling some Tiphiidae or Thynnidae. Females oviposit into the nests of solitary bees, where their larvae consume both the host larvae and the food stores provisioned for them. The family has limited economic importance, though some host species are important pollinators. Fossil sapygids are known from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber and Upper Eocene Baltic amber.
kleptoparasite solitary-wasp bee-parasite aculeate cleptoparasitic
Sceliphron
black-and-yellow mud dauber wasps, black mud-dauber wasps, mud daubers
Sceliphron is a genus of solitary sphecid wasps comprising 34 valid species, commonly known as black-and-yellow mud daubers or black mud-dauber wasps. Females construct nests from mud, building individual cells that they provision with paralyzed spiders as food for their larvae. The genus exhibits remarkable synanthropic behavior, with many species readily nesting on human structures. Several species have become invasive outside their native ranges, including S. caementarium (native to North America, now widespread globally) and S. curvatum (native to Central Asia, spreading through Europe and recently detected in North America).
solitary-wasp mud-dauber synanthropic spider-predator nest-parasite invasive-species urban-wildlife beneficial-insect
Sceliphron caementarium
Yellow-legged Mud-dauber Wasp, Black and Yellow Mud Dauber, Black-waisted Mud-dauber
Sceliphron caementarium is a solitary sphecid wasp renowned for constructing nests from mud. Females build multi-celled mud nests in sheltered locations, provision each cell with paralyzed spiders, and deposit a single egg before sealing the chamber. The species exhibits remarkable geographic plasticity, having established populations across multiple continents through human-mediated dispersal. Adults feed on nectar and are generally non-aggressive, with stings being rare.
mud-dauber solitary-wasp spider-predator nest-architect introduced-species biological-control
Sceliphron curvatum
Asian mud-dauber wasp
Sceliphron curvatum is a solitary mud-daubing wasp native to Central Asia that has become invasive in Europe and North America. First recorded in Europe in 1979, it has since expanded across multiple European countries and was first documented in North America in 2013. The species is smaller and darker than the native North American Sceliphron caementarium, with a body length of 15–25 mm and black coloration with yellow and red ornaments. It exhibits strongly synanthropic behavior, frequently nesting indoors on clothing, books, and furniture rather than exclusively on building exteriors.
invasive-species synanthropic mud-dauber solitary-wasp Hymenoptera Sphecidae
Scolia
digger wasps, blue-winged digger wasps
Scolia is a genus of digger wasps in the family Scoliidae. Adult females hunt scarab beetle grubs in soil, paralyze them with a sting, and deposit eggs on the living host. The wasp larvae consume the grub from the outside, eventually pupating in the burrow and overwintering before emerging the following summer. Several species are common in North American lawns and gardens, where they serve as important biological control agents of turf pests.
parasitoid biological-control solitary-wasp scarab-predator turf-pest-management
Scolia dubia
Blue-winged Scoliid Wasp, Two-spotted Scoliid Wasp, Blue-winged Digger Wasp
Scolia dubia is a medium-sized scoliid wasp, 20–25 mm in length, with striking iridescent blue-black wings and a black-and-red body marked by two yellow spots on the abdomen. The species ranges across eastern and central North America, from New England to Florida and west to California. It is a specialist parasitoid of scarab beetle grubs, particularly the green June beetle (Cotinis nitida), and has been observed attacking Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica) larvae. Adults are nectar feeders, frequently visiting flowers of the mint and aster families.
parasitoid pollinator biological-control scarab-predator solitary-wasp ground-nesting late-summer-emergent
Scolia nobilitata
Noble Scoliid Wasp
Scolia nobilitata is a species of scoliid wasp native to North America. Adults are active in late summer and autumn, when they visit flowers for nectar. Females are parasitoids of scarab beetle grubs, locating hosts underground, paralyzing them with a sting, and laying eggs on the immobilized larvae. The species is considered beneficial for biological control of turf-damaging white grubs.
scoliid-wasp parasitoid scarab-grub-parasite beneficial-insect solitary-wasp autumn-active nectar-feeder digger-wasp
Scoliidae
Scoliid Wasps, Mammoth Wasps
Scoliidae is a family of solitary aculeate wasps comprising approximately 300-560 described species worldwide. They are robust, often large-bodied wasps with distinctive corrugated wing tips. Females are parasitoids of scarab beetle larvae, using their stings to paralyze hosts before depositing eggs. The family exhibits pronounced sexual dimorphism: males have longer antennae and more slender bodies, while females possess shorter antennae and true stingers. Scoliids are considered beneficial insects due to their role in controlling scarab pest populations.
parasitoid scarab-beetle biocontrol solitary-wasp sexual-dimorphism corrugated-wings ectoparasite beneficial-insect
Sericopompilini
Sericopompilini is a tribe of spider wasps within the family Pompilidae. Members are characterized by their silvery or sericeous pubescence, from which the tribe derives its name. The tribe is relatively small and poorly studied compared to other pompilid groups. Species in this tribe are solitary wasps that hunt spiders to provision their nests.
spider-wasp silky pubescence solitary-wasp aculeata
Sericopompilus angustatus
Sericopompilus angustatus is a species of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae, first described by Cresson in 1865. Members of the genus Sericopompilus are characterized by their slender body form and silvery pubescence. As with other pompilid wasps, this species is presumed to be a solitary hunter that provisions nests with paralyzed spiders for its larvae. The specific epithet "angustatus" refers to the narrow or slender body shape typical of this species.
spider-wasp solitary-wasp parasitoid hymenoptera
Solierella
Solierella is a genus of solitary digger wasps in the family Crabronidae, tribe Miscophini. Species nest in soil and provision their larvae with paralyzed spiders. The genus has been recorded from North America and India. Males patrol nesting areas, and nests are subject to parasitism by chrysidid wasps.
soil-nesting spider-hunting solitary-wasp parasitoid-host
Sphaeropthalma amphion
Sphaeropthalma amphion is a species of velvet ant in the family Mutillidae, first described by Fox in 1899. Like other members of this genus, it is a parasitoid wasp with wingless females and winged males. The species is part of a diverse group of solitary wasps known for their aposematic coloration and painful stings. Very little specific information is available for this particular species.
Mutillidae velvet-ant parasitoid Hymenoptera Aculeata solitary-wasp western-North-America
Sphaeropthalma auripilis
Sphaeropthalma auripilis is a species of velvet ant in the family Mutillidae, first described by Blake in 1871. Velvet ants are solitary wasps in which females are wingless and often brightly colored with aposematic coloration warning of their painful sting. The genus Sphaeropthalma is one of the larger genera within Mutillidae in North America. This species is part of a diverse group of parasitoid wasps that primarily attack other solitary wasps and bees.
Mutillidae velvet-ant parasitoid solitary-wasp aposematic-coloration wingless-female North-America Hymenoptera Aculeata
Sphaeropthalma blakeii
Sphaeropthalma blakeii is a species of velvet ant in the family Mutillidae, first described by Fox in 1893. The genus Sphaeropthalma is among the most diverse mutillid genera in North America. Like all velvet ants, females are wingless and wasp-like in appearance, while males possess wings. The species is poorly documented in the literature, with limited information available beyond taxonomic records.
Mutillidae velvet-ant parasitoid Hymenoptera North-America ectoparasitoid solitary-wasp
Sphaeropthalma difficilis
Sphaeropthalma difficilis is a species of velvet ant (family Mutillidae), a group of solitary wasps known for their aposematic coloration and powerful stings. Females are wingless and resemble ants, while males possess wings. The species was described by Baker in 1905. Like other mutillids, it is presumed to be a parasitoid of other insects, though specific host records for this species are not well documented.
Mutillidae velvet-ant solitary-wasp Hymenoptera parasitoid
Sphaeropthalma imperialis
Sphaeropthalma imperialis is a species of velvet ant (family Mutillidae), a group of solitary wasps known for their aposematic coloration and potent sting. Females are wingless and resemble large, hairy ants, while males possess wings. The species was described by Blake in 1871. Like other mutillids, this species exhibits sexual dimorphism and is parasitoid in its life history. The genus Sphaeropthalma is diverse and primarily distributed in the Americas.
mutillidae velvet-ant solitary-wasp parasitoid sexual-dimorphism wingless-female aposematic-coloration hymenoptera north-america blake-1871
Sphaeropthalma marpesia
Sphaeropthalma marpesia is a species of velvet ant in the family Mutillidae, described by Blake in 1879. The species is distributed across the western and southwestern United States and Mexico. Velvet ants in this genus are solitary wasps with wingless females and winged males. The specific epithet 'marpesia' references the Amazon queen Marpesia, a namesake shared with the daggerwing butterflies of genus Marpesia.
velvet-ant parasitoid mud-dauber-parasite western-North-America wingless-female solitary-wasp
Sphaeropthalma pensylvanica
velvet ant
Sphaeropthalma pensylvanica is a velvet ant (family Mutillidae), a group of solitary wasps known for their striking aposematic coloration and painful sting. The species exhibits notable sexual dimorphism: females are wingless and resemble ants, while males possess wings. It has been documented as a parasitoid of mud dauber wasps, particularly developing within cocoons of the organ pipe mud dauber (Trypoxylon politum). Research has revealed unusual reproductive characteristics including facultative size-dependent sex allocation, where larger females produce proportionally more female offspring. The species is also notable for phoretic copulation, a mating behavior in which the male transports the female by flight or foot from the initial contact site before mating occurs.
velvet-ant solitary-wasp parasitoid phoretic-copulation sexual-dimorphism facultative-sex-allocation Mutillidae Sphaeropthalminae Trypoxylon-politum mud-dauber-parasitoid Nearctic Georgia-USA wingless-female winged-male aposematic-coloration
Sphaeropthalma pensylvanica pensylvanica
velvet ant
A velvet ant subspecies in the family Mutillidae, notable for being the first record of phoretic copulation in the subfamily Sphaeropthalminae. Males transport females by flight and/or foot from the initial contact site before mating occurs. The species is a solitary parasitoid with unusual sex allocation patterns and has been reared from cocoons of the organ pipe mud dauber (Trypoxylon politum).
Mutillidae velvet-ant phoretic-copulation parasitoid sex-allocation Trypoxylon-politum Sphaeropthalminae solitary-wasp Hymenoptera Nearctic
Sphaeropthalma pinalea
velvet ant
Sphaeropthalma pinalea is a species of velvet ant in the family Mutillidae, described by Schuster in 1958. Like other members of this genus, the females are wingless and ant-like in appearance, while males possess wings. The species is part of a diverse North American velvet ant fauna, with the genus Sphaeropthalma containing numerous species primarily distributed in western and southwestern United States.
Mutillidae velvet-ant Hymenoptera parasitoid solitary-wasp North-America Arizona
Sphaeropthalma pluto
Sphaeropthalma pluto is a species of velvet ant in the family Mutillidae, first described by Fox in 1899. Velvet ants are actually solitary wasps, with wingless females that resemble ants in appearance. The species is part of a diverse genus containing multiple described species, several of which have been documented in museum collections. As with other mutillids, females are likely parasitoids of other insects, though specific host records for this species remain limited.
velvet-ant mutillid solitary-wasp parasitoid
Sphaeropthalminae
Sphaeropthalminae is a species-rich subfamily of velvet ants (Mutillidae), a group of solitary wasps in which females are wingless and males are winged. Phoretic copulation—where a male physically transports a female by flight and/or foot from their initial site of contact before mating—has been documented in at least one member, Sphaeropthalma pensylvanica, representing the first record of this behavior for the subfamily. The subfamily exhibits sexual dimorphism, with flightless females and winged males.
Mutillidae velvet-ant phoretic-copulation phoresy sexual-dimorphism solitary-wasp
Sphecinae
digger wasps, thread-waisted wasps, grass-carrying wasps
Sphecinae is a subfamily of digger wasps (family Sphecidae) characterized by thread-waisted bodies and solitary nesting behavior. Members construct nests in soil, plant stems, or pre-existing cavities, provisioning cells with paralyzed prey for their larvae. The subfamily includes notable genera such as Sphex, Isodontia, and Podalonia, with diverse nesting strategies ranging from burrowing to grass-carrying.
digger-wasp solitary-wasp thread-waisted-wasp grass-carrying-wasp nest-provisioning orthopteran-predator invasive-species Sphecidae
Sphecius
Cicada-killer Wasps, Cicada Killers
Sphecius is a genus of large, solitary, ground-dwelling predatory wasps commonly known as cicada-killer wasps. The genus comprises 21 recognized species worldwide, with highest diversity in the region between North Africa and Central Asia. Females hunt adult cicadas, sting them into paralysis, and provision underground nests with these prey items for their larval offspring. The genus is notable for pronounced sexual size dimorphism, with females approximately twice the size of males, and for complex male territorial behavior. Four species occur in the Americas: S. speciosus (eastern), S. grandis (western), S. convallis (Pacific), and S. hogardii (Caribbean).
solitary-wasp cicada-predator ground-nesting sexual-dimorphism kleptoparasitism territoriality mass-provisioning soil-aerator
Sphecius convallis
Pacific cicada killer, Pacific cicada-killer wasp
Sphecius convallis, the Pacific cicada killer, is a large solitary wasp in the family Crabronidae. Females hunt cicadas, paralyze them with venom, and transport them to underground burrows as food for their larvae. The species occurs in arid and semi-arid regions west of the 100th meridian in North America, with populations studied intensively in Arizona mine tailings. Research has documented complex behavioral ecology including kleptoparasitism, thermal regulation strategies, and sex-specific provisioning behaviors.
solitary-wasp cicada-predator kleptoparasitism desert-fauna fossorial thermal-biology
Sphecius grandis
Western Cicada Killer, Western Cicada-killer Wasp
Sphecius grandis is a large, solitary wasp endemic to western North America, ranging from Central America through Mexico to the Western United States. Females construct burrows in sandy, well-drained soils, often forming nest aggregations with hundreds of individual nests. They provision underground cells with paralyzed cicadas (primarily Tibicen duryi, T. dealbata, and T. parallela) as food for their larvae. The species exhibits pronounced sexual dimorphism: females are larger (forewing length 2.5–3 cm, mass ~256 mg) and live approximately one year, while smaller males (~95 mg) emerge earlier, live only a few days, and engage in aggressive territorial competition for mating access. Activity is concentrated in July and early August, synchronized with cicada emergence. Despite their large size and formidable appearance, they are not habitually aggressive toward humans.
solitary-wasp cicada-predator ground-nesting sexual-dimorphism thermoregulation nest-aggregation western-north-america
Sphecius hogardii
Caribbean cicada killer, Caribbean Cicada-killer Wasp
Sphecius hogardii, commonly known as the Caribbean cicada killer, is a large solitary wasp in the family Crabronidae. It is one of four North American species in the genus Sphecius, all of which specialize in hunting cicadas to provision underground nests. The species is found in the Caribbean region and extends into southern Florida. Like other cicada killers, females paralyze cicadas with venom and transport them to burrow cells as food for their developing larvae.
cicada-killer solitary-wasp sand-wasp Caribbean Florida cicada-predator ground-nesting-wasp
Sphecius speciosus
Eastern cicada-killer wasp, cicada killer, cicada hawk
Sphecius speciosus is a large, solitary digger wasp and one of the largest wasps in eastern North America. Females hunt cicadas, paralyzing them with venom to provision underground nest cells for their larvae. Despite their formidable size and appearance, they pose minimal threat to humans—females rarely sting unless roughly handled, and males lack stingers entirely. The species exhibits pronounced sexual dimorphism, with females substantially larger to accommodate egg-laying and prey transport duties.
solitary-wasp digger-wasp cicada-predator ground-nesting sexual-dimorphism territorial-behavior kleptoparasitism beneficial-insect
Sphex ashmeadi
thread-waisted wasp
Sphex ashmeadi is a species of thread-waisted wasp in the family Sphecidae. It has been observed in New Mexico, USA, where it visits milkweed flowers. The species is part of the diverse Sphex genus, which includes solitary wasps that excavate burrows and provision them with paralyzed prey for their larvae.
solitary-wasp digger-wasp thread-waisted-wasp pollinator predator milkweed-visitor
Sphex flavovestitus
Sphex flavovestitus is a species of thread-waisted digger wasp in the family Sphecidae, first described by Frederick Smith in 1856. The species is distributed across the Americas, with records from North America, Middle America, and South America. Two subspecies are recognized: the nominate Sphex flavovestitus flavovestitus and Sphex flavovestitus saussurei. Like other members of the genus Sphex, it is a solitary wasp that constructs subterranean nests provisioned with paralyzed prey for its larvae.
sphecidae digger-wasp solitary-wasp thread-waisted-wasp hymenoptera
Sphex habenus
Golden-reined Digger Wasp
Sphex habenus is a solitary thread-waisted wasp in the family Sphecidae. Like other members of the genus Sphex, females construct individual subterranean nests provisioned with paralyzed prey for their larvae. The species is distributed across North and Middle America.
Sphecidae solitary-wasp digger-wasp thread-waisted-wasp Hymenoptera
Sphex ichneumoneus
Great Golden Digger Wasp, Great Golden Sand Digger
Sphex ichneumoneus is a large, conspicuous solitary wasp distributed across the Western Hemisphere from Canada to South America. Females excavate vertical burrows in sandy soils, provisioning individual cells with paralyzed katydids and related Orthoptera as food for their larvae. The species exhibits a distinctive fixed action pattern during prey retrieval, repeatedly inspecting the burrow entrance before dragging prey inside by the antennae—a behavior famously cited in discussions of genetic determinism. Adults forage for nectar at flowers and are frequently observed on blooms of rabbitbrush, prairie clover, and grape.
solitary-wasp digger-wasp katydid-hunter fixed-action-pattern pollinator ground-nesting Western-Hemisphere sphexish-behavior Strepsiptera-host
Sphex jamaicensis
Jamaican Digger Wasp
Sphex jamaicensis is a solitary thread-waisted wasp in the family Sphecidae. It is known from Florida, Cuba, the Bahamas, and Jamaica. Like other members of the genus Sphex, females are fossorial diggers that construct burrows in soil. The species was originally described by Drury in 1773 in the genus Vespa, creating a complex nomenclatural history involving a secondary homonym with a later Fabricius 1775 description.
solitary-wasp digger-wasp thread-waisted-wasp Caribbean-fauna fossorial-nesting katydid-predator
Sphex lucae
katydid hunter
Sphex lucae is a solitary thread-waisted wasp in the family Sphecidae, native to western North America. This species exhibits pronounced sexual dimorphism: females have a black body with red abdomen and yellowish to violaceous wings, while males are entirely black with violaceous wings. Females are fossorial hunters that excavate subterranean burrows and provision them with paralyzed katydids as food for their larvae. Males form communal sleeping clusters in sheltered locations. The species is the sole North American representative of the subgenus Fernaldina, named for entomologist Henry Torsey Fernald.
solitary-wasp digger-wasp katydid-hunter sexual-dimorphism communal-roosting subterranean-nester
Sphex nudus
Katydid Wasp
Sphex nudus, commonly known as the katydid wasp, is a solitary digger wasp in the family Sphecidae. Females construct subterranean nests in soil or dirt substrates, including the floors of old barns. The species is notable for its specialized hunting behavior, targeting leaf-rolling crickets as prey for its larvae. It occurs across the eastern United States.
solitary-wasp digger-wasp cricket-predator eastern-North-America nest-provisioning Sphecidae
Sphex pensylvanicus
Great Black Wasp, Great Black Digger Wasp
Sphex pensylvanicus is a large, solitary digger wasp native to North America. Females construct underground burrows and provision them with paralyzed orthopteran prey, primarily katydids, for their larvae. Adults feed on nectar from diverse flowering plants and serve as pollinators. The species exhibits protandry, with males emerging before females in the breeding season. Despite their formidable size and appearance, they are not aggressive toward humans and sting only when handled.
Sphecidae digger-wasp solitary-wasp pollinator katydid-predator ground-nesting protandry North-America
Sphex tepanecus
Sphex tepanecus is a species of thread-waisted digger wasp in the family Sphecidae. It is a large solitary wasp known from the western United States, with records from Arizona, Colorado, and potentially Idaho. Like other members of the genus Sphex, it constructs subterranean nests and provisions them with paralyzed prey for its larvae. The species was first described by de Saussure in 1867.
digger-wasp solitary-wasp Sphecidae thread-waisted-wasp western-North-America large-wasp fossorial katydid-predator orthopteran-predator subterranean-nest
Spilomena
Spilomena is a genus of solitary wasps in the family Crabronidae (subfamily Pemphredonidae). The genus contains approximately 86 species distributed worldwide, with highest diversity in the Palearctic realm. Species are known as aphid wasps or thrips-hunting wasps, with documented prey including Psyllidae, Eulophidae, and Thysanoptera. One Australian species, S. subterranea, is known to nest communally in sandy soil.
aphid-wasp thrips-hunting-wasp solitary-wasp ground-nesting-wasp communal-nesting
Spilomena hainesi
Spilomena hainesi is a solitary wasp species in the subfamily Pemphredoninae, described in 1995 by N. Smith. Like other members of its genus, it is an aphid wasp that provisions nests with aphids as food for its larvae. The species is known from North America.
aphid-wasp solitary-wasp predatory-wasp
Spilomena occidentalis
aphid wasp
Spilomena occidentalis is a species of solitary aphid wasp in the family Crabronidae (subfamily Pemphredoninae). It was described by R. Bohart in 1995. The species is known from North America, with records from Canada including Alberta. Like other members of its genus, it is a predator of aphids, provisioning its nests with paralyzed prey for its larvae.
aphid-wasp solitary-wasp Pemphredoninae North-America Canada Alberta 1995-description
Steniolia elegans
sand wasp
Steniolia elegans is a solitary sand wasp in the family Crabronidae. Females dig burrows in dry, powdery soil and provision them with paralyzed flies for their single offspring. The species exhibits progressive provisioning, with females repeatedly hunting and delivering prey throughout larval development. Both sexes form dense, spherical sleeping clusters at night where mating occurs.
solitary-wasp sand-wasp progressive-provisioning nest-aggregation sleeping-cluster diptera-predator western-North-America
Steniolia eremica
Steniolia eremica is a species of sand wasp in the family Crabronidae, described by James E. Gillaspy in 1964. It is one of approximately fifteen species in the genus Steniolia, all of which are restricted to western North America. Males are larger than females and have been observed visiting thistle flowers and other nectar sources. The species is considered less abundant than congeners that share its range.
sand-wasp solitary-wasp desert-insect pollinator predator
Steniolia obliqua
Steniolia obliqua is a species of sand wasp in the family Crabronidae, originally described as Monedula obliqua by Cresson in 1865. It belongs to a genus of fourteen North American species, all with western distributions. Like other Steniolia species, it is a solitary wasp that hunts flies to provision underground nests for its larvae. The species has been recorded in British Columbia, Canada.
Crabronidae Bembicinae Bembicini solitary-wasp sand-wasp North-America British-Columbia
Steniolia scolopacea
Steniolia scolopacea is a sand wasp in the family Crabronidae, distributed across Central America and North America. It belongs to a genus of fourteen North American species, all western in distribution. Two subspecies are recognized: S. s. albicantia and the nominate S. s. scolopacea. Like other Steniolia species, it is a solitary wasp that hunts flies as prey for its larvae.
sand-wasp solitary-wasp North-America Central-America Bembicidae
Stenodynerus
Stenodynerus is a large genus of potter wasps (subfamily Eumeninae) distributed across the Nearctic, Palearctic, Oriental, and Neotropical regions. Females are known to provision nests with paralyzed caterpillars as food for their larvae. The genus is morphologically close to Parancistrocerus, Hypancistrocerus, and Eustenancistrocerus, with which it shares diagnostic features including medial pits on the anterior pronotum and expanded tegulae. Most species lack a transverse carina on the first metasomal tergum.
potter-wasp mason-wasp solitary-wasp cavity-nester caterpillar-predator Eumeninae
Stenodynerus anormis
Mason wasp
Stenodynerus anormis is a solitary mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae. The species is difficult to distinguish from the related genus Parancistrocerus based on live specimens or photographs; microscopic examination of actual specimens is often required for positive identification. Females are known to provision nest cavities with paralyzed caterpillars as food for their larval offspring. The species has been documented utilizing artificial nesting structures such as bee blocks.
Hymenoptera Vespidae Eumeninae mason-wasp solitary-wasp cavity-nester caterpillar-predator bee-block-occupant North-America Colorado California
Stenodynerus blandoides
Stenodynerus blandoides is a species of solitary mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae, described by Bohart in 1943. It is a small, cavity-nesting wasp that provision nests with paralyzed caterpillars for its larval offspring. The species is difficult to distinguish from closely related genera such as Parancistrocerus based on live specimens alone. Like other eumenine wasps, it utilizes pre-existing tunnels in wood or hollow stems for nesting.
mason-wasp solitary-wasp cavity-nester caterpillar-predator Eumeninae potter-wasp
Stenodynerus blandus
Stenodynerus blandus is a species of mason wasp in the family Vespidae, subfamily Eumeninae. It is a small, solitary, cavity-nesting wasp that provisionally places paralyzed caterpillars in pre-existing cavities for its larval offspring. The species is difficult to distinguish from the closely related genus Parancistrocerus based on external morphology alone, often requiring microscopic examination for definitive identification. It has been documented utilizing artificial nesting structures such as bee blocks.
mason-wasp solitary-wasp cavity-nester caterpillar-predator bee-block-inhabitant Eumeninae Hymenoptera
Stenodynerus blepharus
Stenodynerus blepharus is a species of solitary mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae, described by Bohart in 1953. The species is currently treated as a synonym of Rhynchalastor blepharus in some taxonomic databases, reflecting ongoing taxonomic revision in this group. As with other Stenodynerus species, it is presumed to be a cavity-nesting wasp that provisions its larvae with paralyzed caterpillars. Direct observations of this specific species in the field are sparse, with only two observations recorded in iNaturalist.
mason-wasp solitary-wasp cavity-nester Eumeninae Vespidae Hymenoptera North-America bee-block nest-parasite-host
Stenodynerus fundatiformis
A small solitary mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae. The species is difficult to distinguish from related genera such as Parancistrocerus based on live specimens alone; microscopic examination is typically required for definitive identification. Females are known to provision nests with paralyzed caterpillars for their larval offspring. Males have been observed foraging on flowers, with the last antennal segment characteristically folded against the adjacent segment.
mason-wasp solitary-wasp cavity-nester caterpillar-predator eumenine difficult-identification
Stenodynerus fundatiformis fundatiformis
Stenodynerus fundatiformis fundatiformis is a subspecies of mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae. It is a solitary, cavity-nesting wasp that provisions its nests with paralyzed caterpillars as food for its larval offspring. The subspecies is difficult to distinguish from similar genera such as Parancistrocerus based on live specimens alone, often requiring microscopic examination for definitive identification.
cavity-nesting solitary-wasp mason-wasp caterpillar-predator bee-block-resident
Stenodynerus fundatiformis gonosceles
Stenodynerus fundatiformis gonosceles is a subspecies of mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae. The genus Stenodynerus contains solitary, cavity-nesting wasps provisioned with paralyzed caterpillars. This subspecies is poorly documented in available sources, with only one observation recorded on iNaturalist. Males of the genus have a distinctive antennal modification: the last antennal segment is folded like a finger against the adjacent segment.
mason-wasp solitary-wasp cavity-nesting Eumeninae Stenodynerus predator caterpillar-hunter bee-block-inhabitant
Stenodynerus histrionalis
Stenodynerus histrionalis is a solitary mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae, native to western North America. The species is difficult to distinguish from similar genera such as Parancistrocerus based on external morphology alone, often requiring microscopic examination of specimens. Females are known to provision nests with paralyzed caterpillars as food for their larvae. Males possess a distinctive antennal modification: the last segment is folded like a finger against the adjacent segment.
solitary-wasp mason-wasp cavity-nester caterpillar-predator western-North-America
Stenodynerus histrionalis paenevagus
Stenodynerus histrionalis paenevagus is a subspecies of solitary mason wasp in the family Vespidae, subfamily Eumeninae. Like other Stenodynerus species, it is a cavity-nesting wasp that provisions its nests with paralyzed caterpillars as food for its larval offspring. The subspecies is difficult to distinguish from related taxa based on field observations alone, and microscopic examination is typically required for definitive identification. It has been documented in Colorado and California, where it utilizes pre-existing cavities in wood or other substrates for nesting.
solitary-wasp mason-wasp cavity-nester caterpillar-predator pollinator western-North-America
Stenodynerus krombeini
Stenodynerus krombeini is a solitary mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae. It is a small, cavity-nesting species that provisions its nests with paralyzed caterpillars as food for its larvae. The species is difficult to distinguish from the closely related genus Parancistrocerus based on images of live specimens; microscopic examination is typically required for definitive identification. Males have a distinctive antennal structure with the last segment folded against the adjacent segment.
mason-wasp solitary-wasp cavity-nesting caterpillar-predator Eumeninae
Stenodynerus lineatifrons
Stenodynerus lineatifrons is a species of solitary mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae. It is a cavity-nesting wasp that provisions its nests with paralyzed caterpillars for its larval offspring. The species was described by Bohart in 1948 and is currently considered a synonym of Rhynchalastor lineatifrons in some taxonomic databases, though it remains listed under Stenodynerus in others. Like other members of its genus, it is difficult to distinguish from the related genus Parancistrocerus based on images of live specimens.
solitary-wasp mason-wasp cavity-nesting caterpillar-predator pollinator
Stenodynerus lucidus
Stenodynerus lucidus is a small solitary mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae. The species was described by Rohwer in 1917 and is currently considered a synonym of Rhynchalastor lucidus by some taxonomic authorities, though it remains listed under Stenodynerus in other sources. Like other eumenine wasps, it nests in pre-existing cavities and provisions its cells with paralyzed caterpillars as food for its larvae.
Eumeninae mason-wasp solitary-wasp cavity-nester synonym Rhynchalastor
Stenodynerus microstictus
Stenodynerus microstictus is a solitary mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae. The species is difficult to distinguish from closely related genera such as Parancistrocerus based on external appearance alone. Females are known to provision nests with paralyzed caterpillars as food for their larvae. The species has been documented in western North America, including Colorado and California.
mason-wasp solitary-wasp Eumeninae cavity-nester caterpillar-predator
Stenodynerus ochrogonius
A solitary mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae, originally described by Bohart in 1944. Currently treated as a synonym of Rhynchalastor ochrogonius in some taxonomic databases, though iNaturalist and other sources maintain it under Stenodynerus. Like other eumenine wasps, females are predatory on caterpillars, which they paralyze and provision in nest cells for their larval offspring. Males have a distinctive antennal modification with the last segment folded like a finger against the adjacent segment. The species has been documented in Colorado and California.
mason-wasp solitary-wasp cavity-nester caterpillar-predator Eumeninae Colorado California bee-block synonymized-taxon
Stenodynerus oculeus
Stenodynerus oculeus is a solitary mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae. It is a small, cavity-nesting species that provisions its nests with paralyzed caterpillars as food for its larvae. The species is difficult to distinguish from closely related genera such as Parancistrocerus without microscopic examination. Males have been observed foraging on flowers, with the last antennal segment modified into a finger-like structure folded against the adjacent segment.
Eumeninae mason-wasp cavity-nesting caterpillar-predator solitary-wasp bee-block-resident
Stenodynerus percampanulatus
Stenodynerus percampanulatus is a solitary mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae. The species has been synonymized under Rhynchalastor percampanulatus in some taxonomic treatments. Like other Stenodynerus species, it is a cavity-nesting wasp that provisions nests with paralyzed caterpillars as food for its larvae. The genus is morphologically similar to Parancistrocerus, and the two are often difficult to distinguish in field observations.
cavity-nesting mason-wasp predator pollinator solitary-wasp Eumeninae
Stenodynerus taosoides
Stenodynerus taosoides is a species of mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae (family Vespidae). Members of the genus Stenodynerus are solitary wasps that construct nests in pre-existing cavities, provisioning them with paralyzed caterpillars as food for their larval offspring. The species name suggests a connection to the Taos region of northern New Mexico, though specific details about its distribution and biology remain poorly documented in the available literature.
Hymenoptera Vespidae Eumeninae mason-wasp solitary-wasp caterpillar-hunter cavity-nester pollinator parasite-host
Stictia
horse guards, cowfly tigers, insecto policia
Stictia is a genus of large, often brightly colored predatory sand wasps comprising approximately 30 species, primarily distributed in the Neotropics. The genus is best known for Stictia carolina, commonly called the "Horse Guard," which specializes in hunting horse flies around livestock. Females construct solitary nests in sandy soil, provisioning them with paralyzed flies to feed their larvae. These wasps are valued for their biological control of pest flies, though they are not commercially available. Males engage in aerial patrols and "sun dances" to locate females.
sand-wasp solitary-wasp biological-control livestock-pest-management Crabronidae Neotropical North-America predatory-wasp nest-provisioning horse-fly-predator
Stictia carolina
Horse Guard Wasp, Horse Guard, Cowfly Tiger, Insecto Policia
Stictia carolina, commonly known as the Horse Guard Wasp, is a large, colorful sand wasp native to eastern and central North America. This solitary wasp is a specialist predator of horse flies (Tabanidae), hunting around livestock and humans to capture its prey. Females excavate burrows in sandy soil where they provision a single cell with 15-35 flies for their larval offspring. Despite its intimidating appearance and persistent hovering behavior around horses, it is not aggressive toward humans and provides valuable biological control of biting flies.
solitary-wasp sand-wasp biological-control livestock-beneficial specialist-predator ground-nesting
Stictiella emarginata
sand wasp
Stictiella emarginata is a solitary sand wasp in the family Crabronidae, subfamily Bembicinae. It constructs nests in sandy soils and provisions cells with lepidopteran larvae, primarily Noctuidae and Hesperiidae. The species occurs across eastern North America from northern Michigan to the Atlantic Coast, with a flight season concentrated in late June through early August. Nesting behavior includes temporary nest closure, mound leveling, and orientation flights.
solitary-wasp sand-wasp nest-provisioning lepidopteran-predator eastern-North-America Bembicinae Crabronidae Hymenoptera sandy-soil-habitat temporary-nest-closure orientation-flight mound-leveling Noctuidae Hesperiidae late-summer-flight-season Ontario Michigan New-York sand-prairie insect-predator ground-nesting-wasp sand-blowout-habitat Canadian-Forces-Base-Borden Simcoe-County Cresson-1865 emarginate-clypeus disjunct-distribution-misconception geographic-bridge museum-records field-studies nest-architecture prey-transport provisioning-behavior cell-construction prey-storage larval-development solitary-Hymenoptera Apoidea Spheciformes Aculeata Apocrita Hexapoda Arthropoda Insecta Animalia Eukaryota Catalogue-of-Life GBIF iNaturalist Canadian-Field-Naturalist Kurczewski Boyle 2005 Krombein Willink Gillaspy Bohart Evans Matthews Pate Timberlake Cooper Hall Irwin Schlinger Ballmer Yanega UCR-Entomology-Research-Museum Bembicid-Holdings Nyssonidae Bembicidae Bembicini Stictiellina Stictiella Stictiella-emarginata Stictiella-boharti Stictiella-corniculata Stictiella-evansi Stictiella-fergusoni Stictiella-flavescens Stictiella-pulchella Stictiella-pulchella-serrata Stictiella-p.-pulchella Xerostictia Microstictia Glenostictia Steniolia Bembix Bicyrtes Editha Microbembex Rubrica Stenogorytes Stizus Bembecinus Stizoides Gorytes Argogorytes Arigorytes Clitemnestra Harpactus Hoplisoides Lestiphorus Megistommum Oryttus Psammaletes Pseudoplisus Sagenista Sphecius Tanyoprymnus Trichogorytes Xerogorytes Alysson Didineis Ammatomus Afrogorytes Hapalomellinus Nysson Epinysson Foxia Hyponysson Losada Metanysson Zanysson Acanthostethus
Stictiellina
Stictiellina is a subtribe of sand wasps in the family Crabronidae, containing at least 60 described species distributed across six genera. These wasps are solitary, ground-nesting predators that provision their burrows with paralyzed flies for their larval offspring. Members are known for their elongated mouthparts adapted for nectar feeding and are often observed visiting flowers. The subtribe was established by Bohart and Horning in 1971.
sand-wasp solitary-wasp ground-nesting fly-predator nectar-feeder North-America desert-fauna
Stizoides
Stizoides is a genus of kleptoparasitic sand wasps in the family Crabronidae, containing approximately 30 described species globally. The genus is notable for its unique parasitic strategy: females exploit the food caches of other solitary wasps rather than hunting their own prey. Two species occur in North America—S. renicinctus (widespread in western North America) and S. foxi (restricted to Arizona and Mexico). Most species are found in Africa, Mediterranean Europe, the Middle East, and India.
kleptoparasite sand-wasp Bembicidae Crabronidae solitary-wasp parasitoid western-North-America Old-World-distribution Prionyx Palmodes Stizoides-renicinctus Stizoides-foxi
Stizoides foxi
Fox's stizoide
Stizoides foxi is a kleptoparasitic sand wasp in the family Crabronidae, one of only two Stizoides species occurring in North America. This species is restricted to Arizona and southward into Mexico, where it parasitizes the food caches of other solitary wasps. Like its congener S. renicinctus, females locate and excavate the burrows of host wasps, destroy the host egg, and replace it with their own egg to exploit the provisioned prey. The species was described by Gillaspy in 1963 and remains poorly known compared to its more widespread relative.
kleptoparasite sand-wasp Crabronidae Arizona Mexico solitary-wasp host-parasitism
Stizus
sand wasps
Stizus is a genus of sand wasps in the family Crabronidae, containing over 100 species distributed across Europe, Africa, and North America. These solitary wasps are typically yellow and black, rarely reddish, and reach lengths of about 34 mm. Species nest in sandy soils and provision burrows with prey, primarily grasshoppers, to feed their larvae. Some species form nesting aggregations where males defend territories and engage in contest behavior to gain mating access to females.
solitary-wasp sand-wasp nesting-aggregation territorial-behavior grasshopper-predator ground-nesting
Stizus occidentalis
Stizus occidentalis is a species of sand wasp described by J. Parker in 1929. It belongs to the family Crabronidae (sometimes historically referred to as Bembicidae), a group of solitary wasps known for nesting in soil and preying on other insects. The species occurs in North America. Like other members of the genus Stizus, it is presumed to be a predator that provisions its nests with paralyzed prey, though specific biological details for this species remain poorly documented.
sand-wasp solitary-wasp North-American
Symmorphus
mason wasps, potter wasps
Symmorphus is a genus of solitary mason wasps in the subfamily Eumeninae, distributed primarily across the Holarctic region with 36 recognized species. These small wasps (6–20 mm) are cavity-nesters that utilize pre-existing holes in wood, hollow stems, or twigs, partitioning them into multiple cells with mud walls. Females are predators that mass-provision nests with paralyzed larvae of leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae), weevils (Curculionidae), or leaf-mining moth caterpillars. The genus occupies a relatively isolated phylogenetic position within Eumeninae and includes two subgenera: S. (Symmorphus) and S. (Parasymmorphus).
mason-wasp potter-wasp cavity-nester biological-control solitary-wasp Eumeninae
Symmorphus albomarginatus
White-bordered Potter Wasp
A small, slender mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae. Females construct multi-celled nests in pre-existing wood cavities, provisioning cells with paralyzed leaf beetle larvae (Chrysomelidae), weevil larvae (Curculionidae), or leaf-mining moth caterpillars. Two subspecies recognized: nominate S. a. albomarginatus and S. a. midas from southern Texas. The species ranges across much of North America from Alaska to California and eastward.
mason-wasp potter-wasp solitary-wasp cavity-nester biological-control leaf-beetle-predator bee-block-inhabitant
Symmorphus canadensis
Canadian potter wasp, Canadian mason wasp
Symmorphus canadensis is the smallest North American species in the genus Symmorphus, measuring approximately 6–10 mm. This solitary mason wasp specializes in hunting leaf beetle larvae, weevil larvae, and leaf-mining moth caterpillars to provision nests constructed in pre-existing cavities. Females partition nest tunnels into multiple cells using mud partitions, laying one egg per cell atop paralyzed prey. The species is transcontinental across North America, absent only from Florida, Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona.
mason-wasp potter-wasp solitary-wasp cavity-nester biological-control leaf-beetle-predator Eumeninae
Symmorphus cristatus
Tufted Potter Wasp
Symmorphus cristatus is a solitary mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae, widely distributed across North America. It is a specialist predator of leaf beetle larvae (Chrysomelidae), which it paralyzes and provisions in mud-partitioned nest cells. The species exhibits trap-nesting behavior, utilizing pre-existing cavities in dead wood rather than constructing free-standing nests. It serves as a significant biological control agent for several leaf beetle species and is subject to brood parasitism by cuckoo wasps.
mason-wasp potter-wasp solitary-wasp leaf-beetle-predator biological-control trap-nesting North-America
Symmorphus projectus
Symmorphus projectus is a small, slender mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae. It is strictly western in distribution, ranging from the Pacific Northwest to Montana, Wyoming, and southward. Females nest in pre-existing cavities such as beetle borings in dead wood, provisioning cells with paralyzed leaf beetle larvae, weevil larvae, or leaf-mining moth caterpillars for their offspring. The species is one of four Symmorphus species in North America and can be distinguished from eastern congeners by geographic range and subtle morphological features.
mason-wasp potter-wasp solitary-wasp leaf-beetle-predator cavity-nester western-North-America
Tachypompilus
spider wasps
Tachypompilus is a genus of spider wasps in the family Pompilidae, distributed across the Neotropics, Nearctic, eastern Palearctic, Indomalayan, and Afrotropical regions. The genus includes approximately 20 described species, several with distinctive common names such as the red-tailed spider wasp (T. analis), rusty spider wasp (T. ferrugineus), and rain spider wasp (T. ignitus). Members are solitary wasps that hunt spiders as food for their larvae.
spider-wasp solitary-wasp spider-predator parasitoid
Tachypompilus ferrugineus
rusty spider wasp, red-tailed spider hunter, red-tailed spider wasp
Tachypompilus ferrugineus is a large spider wasp (family Pompilidae) native to the Americas, ranging from Canada through the United States to Central and South America. Adults measure 15–25 mm in length and are characterized by reddish-brown coloration with four narrow dark abdominal bands and distinctive violet-blue wings. Females hunt and paralyze large wandering spiders, particularly wolf spiders (Lycosidae), to provision underground nests for their larvae. Males exhibit perching behavior on elevated structures and compete for access to females. The species includes nine recognized subspecies with variable geographic distributions.
spider-wasp solitary-wasp predator parasitoid wolf-spider-predator ground-nesting crevice-dwelling beneficial-insect
Tachypompilus ferrugineus annexus
Tachypompilus ferrugineus annexus is a subspecies of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae. It belongs to a group of large, solitary wasps that hunt spiders to provision nests for their larvae. The species Tachypompilus ferrugineus is known for its distinctive rusty or reddish coloration. This subspecies was described by Nathan Banks in 1944.
spider-wasp solitary-wasp parasitoid aculeate hymenoptera pompilidae subspecies north-america
Tachypompilus ferrugineus ferrugineus
Rusty Spider Wasp, Spider Wasp
Tachypompilus ferrugineus ferrugineus is a large, solitary spider wasp in the family Pompilidae. Adults are characterized by rusty-orange coloration and are active primarily in late summer. Females hunt and paralyze large spiders, particularly wolf spiders (Lycosidae), as provisions for their larvae. The species exhibits distinctive male perching behavior at prominent vertical structures such as cemetery monuments, where males compete for access to females. This subspecies is native to eastern North America.
spider-wasp solitary-wasp parasitoid wolf-spider-predator cemetery-wasp perching-behavior Pompilidae Hymenoptera North-America late-summer-activity
Tachypompilus ferrugineus nigrescens
Tachypompilus ferrugineus nigrescens is a subspecies of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae. It is a large, solitary wasp that preys on moderately large wolf spiders (Lycosa species), which it paralyzes and provisions in underground nest cells for its larval offspring. The subspecies has been documented forming aggregations at specific nesting sites, where males perch on elevated surfaces and compete for access to females.
solitary-wasp spider-wasp parasitoid wolf-spider-predator aggregation-behavior crevice-nesting Pompilidae Hymenoptera North-America beneficial-insect
Tachypompilus unicolor
Western Red-tailed Spider Wasp, Red-tailed Spider Hunter
Tachypompilus unicolor is a solitary spider wasp endemic to western North America. The species exhibits striking sexual dimorphism in coloration and wing morphology. Adults are nectar-feeders, while females provision nests with paralyzed spiders as food for their larvae. Two subspecies are recognized, distinguished primarily by body and wing coloration.
spider-wasp solitary-wasp western-North-America nectar-feeder spider-predator sexual-dimorphism subspecies-variation
Tachypompilus unicolor cerinus
Tachypompilus unicolor cerinus is a subspecies of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae, described by Evans in 1966. It belongs to a genus known for hunting large spiders, particularly wolf spiders and fishing spiders, which are paralyzed and provisioned as food for larval offspring. The subspecies is part of the widespread T. unicolor complex, which exhibits considerable geographic variation across North America. Like other members of its genus, it is solitary and ground-nesting.
spider-wasp solitary-wasp parasitoid ground-nesting predator Pompilidae Tachypompilus spider-hunter evani1966
Tachypompilus unicolor unicolor
A spider wasp subspecies in the family Pompilidae. Members of the genus Tachypompilus are solitary, ground-nesting wasps that provision their nests with paralyzed spiders as food for their larvae. This subspecies was described by Banks in 1919.
spider-wasp solitary-wasp ground-nesting spider-predator aculeate Pompilidae Tachypompilus
Tachysphex
square-headed wasps, digger wasps
Tachysphex is a large genus of solitary wasps in the family Crabronidae, comprising over 450 described species worldwide. These diminutive insects, typically 6–10 mm in length, are ground-nesting predators that provision their nests with paralyzed orthopteran prey. The genus exhibits remarkable diversity across multiple continents, with species groups showing distinct ecological preferences and host associations.
solitary-wasp ground-nesting orthopteran-predator biological-control hilltopping Crabronidae Larrini
Tachysphex pompiliformis
Tachysphex pompiliformis is a small digger wasp in the family Crabronidae. The species was taxonomically redefined in 2016 when Straka demonstrated that the name had been misapplied to at least 14 similar species in Europe and Turkey. Four former synonyms were restored to species status: T. austriacus, T. dimidiatus, T. jokischianus, and T. nigripennis. As a result of this revision, the precise distribution and biological details of the true T. pompiliformis remain uncertain pending review of voucher specimens. The species belongs to the pompiliformis species-group, the most species-rich group within Tachysphex in Iran.
digger-wasp Crabronidae pompiliformis-complex taxonomic-revision cryptic-species solitary-wasp
Tachysphex terminatus
Tachysphex terminatus is a small solitary wasp in the family Crabronidae, part of a species group characterized by specific nesting behaviors in sandy substrates. Females construct individual burrows with multiple cells, provisioned with paralyzed prey for larval development. The species occurs in North America and shares the genus-wide trait of provisioning nests with orthopteran prey, primarily grasshopper nymphs.
solitary-wasp digger-wasp parasitoid ground-nesting prey-provisioning orthopteran-predator Crabronidae Larrini sand-specialist spring-active
Tachytes amazonus
Tachytes amazonus is a solitary wasp in the family Crabronidae, tribe Larrini, described by F. Smith in 1856. The species is distributed across the Americas from the Caribbean through Central and South America, with records in Brazil across multiple states including Amazonas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso, Roraima, Rio Grande do Sul, and São Paulo. Like other members of the genus Tachytes, it is a ground-nesting wasp that provisions its burrows with paralyzed orthopteran prey.
solitary-wasp ground-nesting Larrini Crabronidae Hymenoptera Americas Brazil
Tachytes aurulentus
square-headed wasp, green-eyed wasp, sand-loving wasp
Tachytes aurulentus is a species of solitary square-headed wasp in the family Crabronidae. Like other members of its genus, it is characterized by notably large green eyes, particularly in males. The species is part of a diverse North American assemblage of approximately 35 Tachytes species. These wasps are ground-nesting predators that provision their burrows with paralyzed orthopteran prey for their offspring.
Crabronidae Larrini solitary-wasp ground-nesting green-eyes orthopteran-predator North-America territorial-behavior sand-wasp square-headed-wasp
Tachytes crassus
Tachytes crassus is a species of square-headed wasp in the family Crabronidae, first described by Patton in 1880. It is one of approximately 35 North American species in the genus Tachytes, a group commonly referred to as "green-eyed wasps" due to the striking eye coloration of many species. The species is found in North America, with records from Canada including Ontario. As with other members of the genus, it is a solitary wasp that nests in soil and provisions its burrows with paralyzed orthopteran prey.
square-headed-wasp solitary-wasp soil-nesting-wasp North-America Canada Ontario Larrini Crabronidae Hymenoptera Patton-1880
Tachytes distinctus
green-eyed wasp, square-headed wasp
Tachytes distinctus is a solitary square-headed wasp in the family Crabronidae, notable for the large green eyes characteristic of many larger Tachytes species. Females excavate underground burrows with branching tunnels and multiple cells, provisioning them with paralyzed orthopteran prey. Males emerge before females and defend territories from perches, using their prominent eyes to detect mates and rivals. The species occurs across North America and the Caribbean.
solitary-wasp ground-nesting orthopteran-predator green-eyes territorial-males Crabronidae Larrini North-America Caribbean
Tachytes grisselli
Tachytes grisselli is a species of square-headed wasp in the family Crabronidae, tribe Larrini. The genus Tachytes comprises approximately 35 species in North America north of Mexico, commonly referred to as 'green-eyed wasps' due to the large, vivid green eyes of many larger species. Members of this genus are solitary, ground-nesting wasps that provision their burrows with paralyzed orthopteran prey.
square-headed-wasp solitary-wasp ground-nesting-wasp Larrini Crabronidae Hymenoptera North-America green-eyed-wasp sand-loving-wasp orthopteran-predator
Tachytes guatemalensis
Guatemalan green-eyed wasp
Tachytes guatemalensis is a solitary wasp in the family Crabronidae, tribe Larrini. It belongs to a genus commonly known as 'green-eyed wasps' due to the large, vivid green compound eyes present in many species, especially males. As with other Tachytes, this species is a ground-nesting predator that provisions its burrows with paralyzed orthopteran prey. The species was described from Guatemala and occurs in Central and North America.
solitary-wasp ground-nesting green-eyed-wasp orthopteran-predator Crabronidae Larrini Central-America North-America
Tachytes intermedius
square-headed wasp
Tachytes intermedius is a species of square-headed wasp in the family Crabronidae, distributed across Central America and North America. As a member of the genus Tachytes, it shares the characteristic large green eyes found in many larger species of this group. The species was described by Viereck in 1906. Like other Tachytes, it is a solitary wasp that nests in soil and provisions its burrows with paralyzed orthopteran prey.
solitary-wasp square-headed-wasp green-eyed-wasp ground-nesting orthopteran-predator
Tachytes pennsylvanicus
square-headed wasp
Tachytes pennsylvanicus is a solitary square-headed wasp in the family Crabronidae. It belongs to a genus commonly known as "green-eyed wasps" due to the distinctive large green eyes of males and larger species. Like other Tachytes, it is a ground-nesting predator that provisions its burrows with paralyzed orthopteran prey. The species was described by Banks in 1921 and occurs in North America.
Crabronidae solitary-wasp ground-nesting predator North-America square-headed-wasp Larrini
Tachytes sayi
Tachytes sayi is a solitary wasp in the family Crabronidae, tribe Larrini. It is one of approximately 35 North American species in the genus Tachytes. These wasps are characterized by large, often green eyes in males, and are commonly referred to as 'green-eyed wasps' or 'sand-loving wasps.' Females excavate burrows in soil to provision with paralyzed orthopteran prey for their larvae.
solitary-wasp green-eyed-wasp sand-loving-wasp orthopteran-predator ground-nesting territorial-behavior Larrini Crabronidae
Tachytes validus
square-headed wasp
Tachytes validus is a solitary square-headed wasp in the family Crabronidae, described by Cresson in 1873. As a member of the genus Tachytes, it shares the tribe Larrini's characteristic reduced ocelli appearing as 'scars' with golf club-shaped tails. The species is native to North America, with confirmed records from Canada including Manitoba. Like other Tachytes, it likely exhibits the genus's distinctive green eyes in larger individuals and ground-nesting behavior, though specific biological details for this species remain limited in published literature.
solitary-wasp ground-nesting North-American-native Crabronidae Larrini
Tanyoprymnus
Tanyoprymnus is a genus of digger wasps in the family Crabronidae, subfamily Bembicinae. The genus was established by Cameron in 1905. The best-known species is Tanyoprymnus moneduloides (Packard), which has been studied for its nesting biology. Members of this genus are solitary wasps that construct nests in soil.
Crabronidae Bembicinae solitary-wasp digger-wasp ground-nesting Spheciina
Timulla
velvet ants
Timulla is a genus of velvet ants (family Mutillidae) comprising nearly 200 described species. These solitary wasps exhibit pronounced sexual dimorphism: females are wingless and often brightly colored with dense velvety pubescence, while males are winged. The genus occurs across the Americas and has been documented as a parasitoid of solitary bees and other ground-nesting insects. Some Timulla species serve as models for Müllerian or Batesian mimicry complexes, notably with ground spiders in the genus Sergiolus.
velvet-ant mutillid parasitoid wingless-female aposematic mimicry-model solitary-wasp
Tiphiidae
Tiphiid Flower Wasps, Tiphiid Wasps, Flower Wasps
Tiphiidae is a family of large, solitary wasps whose larvae are parasitoids of beetle larvae, particularly scarab beetles (Scarabaeoidea). The family has undergone significant taxonomic revision, with former subfamilies now reclassified as the separate family Thynnidae. Some members, particularly in the subfamily Brachycistidinae, exhibit striking sexual dimorphism: males are winged and aerial, while females are wingless and fossorial, hunting ground-dwelling beetle larvae.
parasitoid solitary-wasp biological-control sexual-dimorphism fossorial scarab-parasite
Trypoxylon
keyhole wasps, pipe organ mud daubers
Trypoxylon is a large genus of solitary wasps in the family Crabronidae, comprising approximately 634 species worldwide. The genus is notable for being the most speciose within its family. All studied species are active hunters of spiders, which they paralyze with venom to provision nests for their larvae. Nesting strategies vary: most species utilize pre-existing cavities such as hollow stems, beetle borings, or abandoned nests, while a minority construct free-standing mud nests. The genus is divided into two subgenera: Trypoxylon (smaller species) and Trypargilum (medium to large species).
solitary-wasp spider-hunter mud-nest cavity-nester square-headed-wasp keyhole-wasp organ-pipe-mud-dauber
Trypoxylon californicum
Trypoxylon californicum is a solitary spider-hunting wasp in the family Crabronidae, subgenus Trypargilum. Females nest in pre-existing cavities such as hollow twigs, beetle borings, or abandoned mud dauber nests, partitioning them into multiple cells provisioned with paralyzed spiders. Males actively guard nest entrances against parasites while females hunt, a behavior termed 'patriarchate' by naturalists. The species is found across western North America and has been successfully attracted to artificial trap nests.
solitary-wasp spider-hunter cavity-nester male-parental-care trap-nest-species
Trypoxylon carinatum
Trypoxylon carinatum is a species of solitary spider-hunting wasp in the family Crabronidae. As a member of the subgenus Trypargilum, it is among the larger species in the genus. Like other Trypoxylon, females nest in pre-existing cavities and provision cells with paralyzed spiders for their offspring. The species is distributed across North America and Middle America.
spider-hunting-wasp cavity-nester solitary-wasp Trypargilum Crabronidae Hymenoptera North-America Middle-America predator nest-guard patriarchate-wasp
Trypoxylon clavatum
square-headed wasp
Trypoxylon clavatum is a species of square-headed wasp in the family Crabronidae, found in North America. It belongs to the subgenus Trypargilum, which includes medium-sized and larger species in this genus. The species has two recognized subspecies: T. c. clavatum and T. c. johannis. Like other Trypoxylon species, it is a solitary spider-hunting wasp that nests in pre-existing cavities.
spider-hunting-wasp cavity-nester solitary-wasp patriarchate-nesting square-headed-wasp
Trypoxylon clavatum johannis
Trypoxylon clavatum johannis is a subspecies of spider-hunting wasp in the family Crabronidae. It belongs to the subgenus Trypargilum, which comprises medium-sized to large species within the genus. Like other members of Trypoxylon, this wasp nests in pre-existing cavities and provisions its cells with paralyzed spiders. The subspecies was described by Richards in 1934 and is distributed in North America, with records from Ontario, Canada.
spider-hunting-wasp cavity-nesting solitary-wasp Crabronidae Trypargilum
Trypoxylon frigidum
Trypoxylon frigidum is a species of square-headed wasp in the family Crabronidae. It is found in North America. The species belongs to the subgenus Trypoxylon, characterized by small body size compared to the larger subgenus Trypargilum. Two subspecies are recognized: T. f. frigidum and T. f. cornutum.
spider-hunting-wasp cavity-nester solitary-wasp
Trypoxylon politum
Pipe Organ Mud Dauber, Organ-pipe Mud-dauber Wasp
Trypoxylon politum is a large, solitary spider-hunting wasp and the only North American member of its genus that constructs free-standing mud nests rather than using pre-existing cavities. Its distinctive nest consists of multiple parallel tubular mud columns resembling organ pipes, with each tube internally partitioned into several cells provisioned with paralyzed spiders. The species exhibits cooperative behavior between sexes: males defend nests against parasites and rival males while females hunt and construct. Native to eastern North America, it has shown recent range expansion westward into Colorado and coexists with other mud dauber species.
spider-hunting mud-nest solitary-wasp sexual-conflict range-expansion cooperative-behavior Crabronidae North-America Colorado organ-pipe-nest kairomone-mediated-parasitism non-aggressive cavity-nest-reuse-by-other-species
Trypoxylon spinosum
Black Reed Wasp
Trypoxylon spinosum is a species of solitary spider-hunting wasp in the family Crabronidae. As a member of the subgenus Trypargilum, it is among the larger-bodied species in the genus. Like other Trypoxylon wasps, it nests in pre-existing cavities and provisions cells with paralyzed spiders for its offspring. The species was described by Cameron in 1889 and is known from Middle and North America.
spider-hunting-wasp solitary-wasp cavity-nester Crabronidae Hymenoptera
Trypoxylon tridentatum
Trypoxylon tridentatum is a spider-hunting wasp in the family Crabronidae, subgenus Trypargilum. It inhabits mesic and xeric habitats in arid regions, particularly the Baja California peninsula. The wasp provisions nest cells with paralyzed spiders as food for its larvae, showing strong preference for orb-weaving spiders in the family Araneidae. Unlike its congener T. politum, which constructs free-standing mud nests, T. tridentatum nests in pre-existing cavities such as hollow twigs, beetle borings, and abandoned mud dauber nests.
spider-hunting-wasp cavity-nester solitary-wasp Crabronidae Trypargilum Baja-California oasis-ecosystem Araneidae-predator patriarchate-behavior desert-wasp
Trypoxylon tridentatum archboldi
Trypoxylon tridentatum archboldi is a subspecies of spider-hunting wasp in the family Crabronidae. As a member of the subgenus Trypargilum, it belongs to a group of medium-sized to large Trypoxylon species that nest in pre-existing cavities rather than constructing free-standing mud nests. The species was described by Krombein in 1959 and is known from North America, with records from British Columbia, Canada. Like other Trypargilum species, it likely exhibits cooperative nesting behavior with males participating in nest guarding and maintenance, though specific behavioral documentation for this subspecies is limited.
Hymenoptera Crabronidae Trypoxylon Trypargilum spider-wasp solitary-wasp cavity-nester subspecies North-America British-Columbia
Zanysson texanus
Zanysson texanus is a species of wasp in the family Crabronidae, subfamily Bembicinae. It was originally described as Nysson texanus by Cresson in 1873. The genus Zanysson belongs to the tribe Nyssonini, a group of solitary wasps commonly known as cuckoo wasps or kleptoparasitic wasps that typically exploit the nests of other wasps. The species epithet 'texanus' indicates a Texas association, likely referring to the type locality or primary distribution.
Crabronidae Bembicinae Nyssonini kleptoparasitic-wasp solitary-wasp North-America Texas
Zeta
potter wasps
Zeta is a small neotropical genus of potter wasps in the subfamily Eumeninae, family Vespidae. The genus currently contains four species, with most having restricted geographic distributions. Three species are limited to specific regions: Zeta confusum is endemic to Cuba, Zeta abdominale occurs on several Caribbean islands, and Zeta mendozanum is restricted to the Monte and Patagonia regions of Argentina. Zeta argillaceum is the exception, being widespread and common across much of the neotropics.
potter-wasp solitary-wasp neotropical mud-nest Eumeninae Vespidae Hymenoptera predator caterpillar-hunter
Zethus guerreroi
Zethus guerreroi is a species of potter wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae, described by Zavattari in 1913. As a member of the genus Zethus, it belongs to a diverse group of solitary wasps characterized by their distinctive nest-building behavior using mud. The species is known from limited observations, with records primarily from Mexico.
potter-wasp solitary-wasp Mexico Neotropical mud-nesting-wasp
Zethus guerreroi arizonensis
Zethus guerreroi arizonensis is a subspecies of potter wasp in the family Vespidae, described by Bohart in 1950. As a member of the genus Zethus, it belongs to a group of solitary or weakly social wasps known for constructing mud or resin-based nests. The subspecific epithet 'arizonensis' indicates a geographic association with Arizona. Like other eumenine wasps, females provision nest cells with paralyzed prey, primarily caterpillars, for their developing larvae.
potter-wasp solitary-wasp eumenine Arizona
Zethus miscogaster
Zethus miscogaster is a species of potter wasp in the family Eumenidae, first described by de Saussure in 1852. The genus Zethus comprises primarily Neotropical wasps, many of which construct mud or plant-fiber nests. This species has been documented in central-western Brazil. Like other members of its genus, it is presumed to be a solitary nesting wasp that provisions its cells with paralyzed caterpillars.
potter-wasp solitary-wasp Neotropical Brazil Eumenidae
Zethus montezuma
Zethus montezuma is a species of potter wasp in the family Vespidae, subfamily Eumeninae. It was described by Henri de Saussure in 1857. The genus Zethus comprises primarily neotropical potter wasps, with this species representing part of the group's diversity in the southern Nearctic and northern Neotropical regions. As with other eumenine wasps, it is a solitary wasp that constructs mud nests provisioned with paralyzed prey for its larvae.
potter-wasp eumenine solitary-wasp mud-dauber neotropical nearctic
Zethus spinipes spinipes
Zethus spinipes spinipes is a subspecies of potter wasp in the genus Zethus. It belongs to the family Vespidae (or Eumenidae in some classifications). The genus Zethus comprises solitary wasps that construct mud or soil nests. This subspecies is recorded from the northeastern United States, including Vermont.
potter-wasp solitary-wasp Hymenoptera North-America