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• Dielis tolteca

  Toltec scoliid wasp

  Dielis tolteca is a species of scoliid wasp native to western North America and Mesoamerica. The species is known to parasitize scarab beetle grubs, with females hunting underground hosts to provision their offspring. Adults have been observed feeding on flowering plants, particularly mustards (Brassicaceae) and goldenrods (Solidago). The species has been documented in McInnis Canyons National Conservation Area in western Colorado, where it is active as a spring-emerging species.

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eticCampsomerini-sensu-strictomonophyleticAustralasian-genus-Trisciloasister-remaining-memberssampled-genera-non-monophyleticCampsomeriellaMegascoliaScoliafossil-dataEarly-Cretaceous-origincrown-Scoliidaesplit-Scoliini-ColpaCampsomerini-s.s.Late-Cretaceousposterior-meanscrown-agesPaleogeneage-95%-HPD-intervalsK-Pg-boundaryfossils-less-certain-placementolder-agesstem-agesNearctic-scoliid-cladesBeringia-dispersalOligocene-later-Eocenefoundation-future-researchscoliid-wasp-evolution-biogeographyfirst-genome-scale-datamodel-based-methodsprecision-dating-analysespaucity-well-preserved-fossilsreliably-attributablecrown-grouphigher-level-taxonomy-dire-need-revisiontaxonomic-changes-predicateddatasets-extend-geographic-taxonomic-samplingPart-IIphylogenetic-inferenceexonic-DNA-sequencesmultiple-codingsnucleotidesamino-acidscodonsempirical-studiesdata-type-choicemodel-choiceless-expected-violationinaccurate-inferenceassessing-phylogenetic-model-adequacyinference-reliability-indicationsimulation-based-approachdetect-model-inadequacyphylogenetic-posterior-predictiondata-coding-variationsimulated-data-multiple-modelscodon-modelsprocess-heterogeneity-lineagesselection-heterogeneity-sitescodon-usage-selectioninference-posterior-predictive-checksnucleotide-amino-acid-modelsGTR-familysignificant-differencesamino-acid-nucleotide-treatmentsdetect-model-violationmagnitude-error-estimate-interest-similarcorroborate-other-studiestree-length-estimation-errortopology-reconstruction-errornot-always-correlatedamino-acid-modelsmore-accurate-topologiestree-length-errors-greaternucleotide-modelsbranch-heterogeneous-codon-modelsmagnitude-directiondata-coding-dependencedata-generating-process-propertiesposterior-predictive-checks-data-filteringpractical-effect-size-thresholdslow-inference-reliabilityestablished-separatelyamino-acid-nucleotide-datacaution-advisedcareful-model-selectiondata-coding-careful-selectionaccurate-tree-length-inference-important2012-graduate-programdoctorate-entomologydissertation-researchphylogenetics-evolution-taxonomy-Scolliidaebachelor's-degree-biology2012Notre-Dame-University-Louaize-NDUundergraduate-researchbee-pollinator-identificationAmerican-University-Beirutgenetic-diversity-assessmentSpartium-junceum-populationsSpanish-broomrush-broomweaver's-broominsect-collection-establishmentNDU-specimen-collectionUC-Davis-teamnational-Linnaean-Games2015-Entomological-Society-of-America-meetingEntomology-GamesUniversity-of-Florida32-year-history-first-winvideoBohart-Museum-locationRoom-1124-Academic-Surge-BuildingCrocker-Lanecurrently-closed-publiclive-petting-zooMadagascar-hissing-cockroachesstick-insectstarantulasinsect-themed-gift-shoponlineShahid-Siddiqueassistant-professorseminar-coordinatorZoom-technical-issues[email protected]seminar-listTrisciloa-saussureiNew-Guinea-nativeBohart-Museum-specimenBug-EricWasp-WednesdayCampsomerisDecember-22-2010mystery-waspDecemberemail-friendspecies-recorded-recently-ArizonaMexican-borderSabino-Canyon-Recreation-AreaFred-Heathoutstanding-naturalistIntroduction-to-Southern-California-ButterfliesSabino-Canyon-Volunteer-NaturalistsDecember-14male-specimenCampsomeris-ephippiumDesert-LavenderHyptis-emoryiconspicuous-distinctiveno-image-neededemail-list-messageDavid-LazaroffSCVN-foundercameraimage-permissionlong-antennaeslender-bodypseudostingerposterior-abdomengender-revealrobust-femalesshorter-antennaereal-stingerretractable-stingerhosts-larval-offspringspring-2009-imagesouth-Texassouth-to-EcuadorSunday-December-19failed-to-findcommon-local-speciesCampsomeris-toltecamales-feedingnectar-Coreocarpus-arizonicusLittle-LemonheadQueen-butterfliesMexican-YellowsScoliidae-familyall-parasitoidsparasitoid-definitionheavy-spiny-legsdig-up-scarab-grubsting-brief-paralysissingle-egghost-larvaleave-scenehost-regains-consciousnessmotor-skillsunderground-existenceplant-roots-feedingwasp-egg-hatchesexternal-parasitebeetle-grubpleasure-of-huntSabino-CanyonFred-Heath-outdoorsDavid-Lazaroff-image10:00-AMEmail-ThisBlogThisShare-to-XShare-to-FacebookShare-to-Pinterestanimalsbugsinsectsnaturewaspswildlifecommentsgreat-storybeautiful-waspslearn-somethingenvy-abilityoutside-warm-weatherimpending-snowbug-hunt-hopetwo-blogsMosquito-Hawksame-Lemonhead-bushworld-shrinks-DecemberTumacacori-NHPlast-week-sightingphoto-contactmore-sightings-head's-upsecond-photo-speciesuncertainArizona-couple-speciesspecimen-in-hand-neededBeatty's-Guest-RanchMiller-Canyonapple-trees-pollinatinglast-weekendblog-author-unable-replyworking-to-resolvenewer-postolder-posthomesubscribe-post-commentsatomGBIF-taxonomy-matchaccepted-statusexact-matchAnimalia-Arthropoda-Insecta-Hymenoptera-Scoliidae-Dielisdistribution-recordsNA-NTMexico-statesBaja-California-SurCampecheChiapasCoahuilaGuanajuatoGuerreroJaliscoMichoacánMorelosOaxacaQuintana-RooSinaloaTabascoVeracruzEl-Salvador-San-SalvadorGuatemala-HuehuetenangoHonduras-ComayaguaNicaragua-RivasMap-3HaitiUnited-StatesBradley-1828Hurd-1952Porter-1981MacKay-1987iNaturalist-taxon2987-observationspreferred-common-nameWikipedia-summarySolidago-plantsiNaturalist-taxonomyGrasshoppers-of-ColoradoGrasshoppers-of-Wyoming-and-the-WestEntomologygrasshopper-namesgenus-speciescommon-scientificspecies-genusabdominalis-Chloealtisadmirabilis-Syrbulaagrestis-Trimerotropisalba-Hypochloraalpinus-Ceuthophilusalpinus-Melanoplusalutacea-Schistocercaangustipennis-Melanoplusapiculata-Pardalophoraargentinus-Oecanthusarizonae-Melanoplusaspera-Trachyrhachysbicolor-Dactylotumbispinosus-Melanoplusbivittata-Mermiriabivittatus-Melanoplusbolli-Spharagemonborealis-Melanoplusbowditchi-Melanoplusbrachyptera-Pseudopomalabrevipes-Daihniabruneri-Melanoplusbrunneus-Stenobothruscalifornica-Trimerotropiscalifornicus-Oecanthuscampestris-Trimerotropiscapito-Hippopedoncarlinianus-Circotettixcarolina-Dissosteirachenopodii-Aeoloplidescincta-Trimerotropiscitrina-Trimerotropisclavatus-Aeropedelluscollare-Spharagemoncoloradus-Amphitornuscomplanatipes-Melanoplusconfusus-Melanoplusconspersa-Arphiaconspersa-Chloealtiscorallipes-Xanthippuscoronata-Trachyrhachyscrenulata-Cordillacriscurtipennis-Chorthippuscyaneipennis-Trimerotropiscyaneus-Leprusdawsonii-Melanoplusdelicatula-Psoloessadeorum-Ageneotettixdifferentialis-Melanoplusdiscolor-Melanoplusdodgei-Melanopluselliotti-Aulocaraenigma-Oedaloenotusequale-Spharagemonfasciatus-Melanoplusfemoratum-Aulocarafemurrubrum-Melanoplusflavidus-Melanoplusfoedus-Melanoplusfontana-Trimerotropisformosus-Tropidolophusfratercula-Trimerotropisfusiformis-Ceuthophilusgladstoni-Melanoplusglaucipes-Melanoplusgracile-Stethophymagracilis-Trimerotropishaldemanii-Pardalophorahaydeni-Derotmemahirtipes-Acrolophitushumile-Spharagemoninconspicua-Trimerotropisinfantilis-Melanopluskeeleri-Melanopluskennicotti-Melanopluskiowa-Trachyrhachyslakinus-Melanopluslatifasciata-Trimerotropislongipennis-Dissosteiramagna-Brachystolamagnifica-Trimerotropismelanoptera-Trimerotropismontanus-Xanthippusmontezuma-Syrbulanebrascensis-Phoetaliotesneglectus-Cratypedesnevadensis-Acrolophitusniveus-Oecanthusnubilum-Boopedonobscura-Opeiaoccidentalis-Melanoplusoccipitalis-Cordillacrisocelote-Hippiscusolivacea-Campylacanthaoregonensis-Melanopluspackardii-Melanopluspallidipennis-Trimerotropispardalinus-Metatorparviceps-Cibolacrispelidna-Orphulellapellucida-Camnulapicta-Mermiriapistrinaria-Trimerotropisplattei-Mestobregmaponderosus-Melanopluspseudonietana-Arphiaquadrimaculatum-Phlibostromaquadripunctatus-Oecanthusrabula-Circotettixregalis-Melanoplusrobusta-Udeopsyllarobustus-Leprusrufa-Heliaulasanguinipes-Melanoplussimplex-Anabrussimplex-Arphiasimplex-Eritettixsordidus-Encoptolophussparsa-Trimerotropisspeciosa-Orphulellaspeciosus-Hesperotettixsplendidus-Melanoplusspretus-Melanoplusspurcata-Dissosteirasubgracilis-Encoptolophussulcifrons-Conozoatenuipennis-Aeoloplidestexana-Conozoatexana-Mermiriatexana-Psoloessatolteca-Trimerotropistrifasciatus-Hadrotettixtristis-Melanoplusturnbulli-Aeoloplidesutahensis-Ceuthophilusverruculatus-Trimerotropisvirgata-Paropomalaviridifasciata-Chortophagaviridis-Hesperotettixwyomingensis-Paropomalaxanthoptera-Arphiayarrowii-Melanoplusnot-true-grasshoppersAcrididaediscussed-manualconfused-with-grasshopperstop-of-pageback-to-contentsnavigation-main-pagelearn-morebiologydistribution-mapsfact-sheetskey-to-stagesgrasshopper-developmentgrasshopper-names-common-scientificgrasshopper-names-species-genusgrasshopper-names-genus-speciesAcrolophitus-hirtipesAcrolophitus-nevadensisAeoloplides-chenopodiiAeoloplides-tenuipennisAeoloplides-tumbulliAeropedellus-clavatusAgeneotettix-deorumAmphitomus-coloradusAnabrus-simplexArphia-conspersaArphia-pseudonietanaArphia-simplexArphia-xanthopteraAulocara-elliottiAulocara-femoratumBoopedon-nubilumBrachystola-magnaCamnula-pellucidaCampylacantha-olivaceaCeuthophilus-alpinusCeuthophilus-fusiformisCeuthophilus-utahensisChloealtis-abdominalisChloealtis-conspersaChorthippus-curtipennisChortophaga-viridifasciataCibolacris-parvicepsCircotettix-carlinianusCircotettix-rabulaConozoa-suicifronsConozoa-texanaCordillacris-crenulataCordillacris-occipitalisCratypedes-neglectusDactylotum-bicolorDaihnia-brevipesDerotmema-haydeniDissosteira-carolinaDissosteira-longipennisDissosteira-spurcataEncoptolophus-sordidusEncoptolophus-subgracilisEritettix-simplexGryllus-sppHadrotettix-trifasciatusHeliaula-rufaHesperotettix-speciosusHesperotettix-viridisHippiscus-oceloteHippopedon-capitoHypochlora-albaLeprus-cyaneusLeprus-robustusMelanoplus-alpinusMelanoplus-angustipennisMelanoplus-arizonaeMelanoplus-bispinosusMelanoplus-bivittatusMelanoplus-borealisMelanoplus-bowditchiMelanoplus-bruneriMelanoplus-complanatipesMelanoplus-confususMelanoplus-dawsoniiMelanoplus-differentialisMelanoplus-discolorMelanoplus-dodgeiMelanoplus-fasciatusMelanoplus-femurrubrumMelanoplus-flavidusMelanoplus-foedusMelanoplus-gladstoniMelanoplus-glaucipesMelanoplus-infantilisMelanoplus-keeleriMelanoplus-kennicottiMelanoplus-lakinusMelanoplus-occidentalisMelanoplus-oregonensisMelanoplus-packardiiMelanoplus-ponderosusMelanoplus-regalisMelanoplus-sanguinipesMelanoplus-splendidusMelanoplus-spretusMelanoplus-tristisMelanoplus-yarrowiiMermiria-bivittataMermiria-pictaMermiria-texanaMestobregma-platteiMetator-pardalinusOecanthus-argentinusOecanthus-californicusOecanthus-niveusOecanthus-quadripunctatusOedaloenotus-enigmaOpeia-obscuraOrphulella-pelidnaOrphulella-speciosaPardalophora-apiculataPardalophora-haidemaniiParopomala-virgataParopomala-wyomingensisPhlibostroma-quadrimaculatumPhoetaliotes-nebrascensisPseudopomala-brachypteraPsoloessa-delicatulaPsoloessa-texanaSchistocerca-alutaceaSpharagemon-bolliSpharagemon-collareSpharagemon-equaleSpharagemon-humileStenobothrus-brunneusStethophyma-gracileSyrbula-admirabilisSyrbula-montezumaTrachyrhachys-asperaTrachyrhachys-coronataTrachyrhachys-kiowaTrimerotropis-agrestisTrimerotropis-californicaTrimerotropis-campestrisTrimerotropis-cinctaTrimerotropis-citrinaTrimerotropis-cyaneipennisTrimerotropis-fontanaTrimerotropis-fraterculaTrimerotropis-gracilisTrimerotropis-inconspicuaTrimerotropis-latifasciataTrimerotropis-magnificaTrimerotropis-melanopteraTrimerotropis-pallidipennisTrimerotropis-pistrinariaTrimerotropis-sparsaTrimerotropis-toltecaTrimerotropis-verruculatusTropidolophus-formosusUdeopsylla-robustaXanthippus-corallipesXanthippus-montanustrue-grasshoppersAcrididae-discussedmanual-confusedgrasshoppers-toppage-backcontents-navigationmain-pagelearn-more-biologydistribution-maps-factsheets-keystages-grasshopperdevelopment-grasshoppersColorado-grasshoppersWyoming-WestEntomology-GRASSHOPPERSCOLORADO-GRASSHOPPERNAMES-GENUSSPECIES-GRASSHOPPERNAMES-COMMONSCIENTIFIC-GRASSHOPPERNAMES-SPECIESGENUS-abdominalisChloealtis-ThomasUhler-agrestisTrimerotropis-McNeillDodge-alpinusCeuthophilus-ScudderScudder-alutaceaSchistocerca-ScudderDodge-apiculataPardalophora-HarrisSaussure-arizonaeMelanoplus-ScudderScudder-bicolorDactylotum-ThomasScudder-bivittataMermiria-ServilleSay-bolliSpharagemon-MorseFieber-bowditchiScudder-brevipesDaihnia-HaldemanScudder-brunneusStenobothrus-ThomasBruner-californicusOecanthus-SaussureMcNeill-capitoHippopedon-StalThomas-carolinaDissosteira-LBruner-cinctaTrimerotropis-ThomasScudder-clavatusAeropedellus-ThomasScudder-coloradusAmphitornus-ThomasScudder-confususScudder-conspersaChloealtis-HarrisHaldeman-coronataTrachyrhachys-ScudderBruner-curtipennisChorthippus-HarrisBruner-cyaneusLeprus-CockerellScudder-delicatulaPsoloessa-ScudderScudder-differentialisMelanoplus-ThomasScudder-dodgeiThomas-enigmaOedaloenotus-ScudderSay-fasciatusMelanoplus-F-WalkerScudder-femurrubrumMelanoplus-DeGeerScudder-foedusThomas-formosusTropidolophus-SayMcNeill-fusiformisScudder-glaucipesScudder-gracilisScudder-haydeniDerotmema-ThomasSay-humileBruner-infantilisThomas-kennicottiThomas-lakinusScudder-longipennisDissosteira-ThomasGirard-magnificaTrimerotropis-RehnMcNeill-montanusXanthippus-ThomasSaussure-nebrascensisPhoetaliotes-ThomasThomas-nevadensisAcrolophitus-ThomasDeGeer-nubilumBoopedon-SayThomas-occidentalisThomas-oceloteHippiscus-SaussureScudder-oregonensisScudder-pallidipennisTrimerotropis-BurmeisterSaussure-parvicepsCibolacris-BrunerBurmeister-pellucidaCamnula-ScudderWalker-pistrinariaTrimerotropis-SaussureThomas-ponderosusThomas-quadrimaculatumPhlibostroma-ThomasBeutenmuller-rabulaCircotettix-RehnHebard-regalesMelanoplus-DodgeHaldeman-robustusLeprus-HebardScudder-sanguinipesMelanoplus-FabriciusHaldeman-simplexArphia-ScudderScudder-sordidusEncoptolophus-BurmeisterThomas-speciosaOrphulella-ScudderScudder-splendidusMelanoplus-HebardWalsh-spurcataDissosteira-SaussureCaudell-sulcifronsConozoa-ScudderScudder-texanaConozoa-BrunerBruner-texanaBrunner-trifasciatusHadrotettix-SayBruner-turnbulliAeoloplides-CaudellThomas-verruculatusTrimerotropis-ScudderScudder-viridifasciataChortophaga-DeGeerScudder-wyomingensisParopomala-ThomasBurmeister-yarrowiispecies-not-truegrasshoppers-Acrididaediscussed-manual-becausetop-of-thepage-back-toContents-Navigation-MainPage-Grasshoppers-ofColorado-LEARN-MOREBiology-Distribution-MapsFact-Sheets-Keyto-Stages-ofGrasshopper-Development-BiologyDistribution-Maps-LEARNMORE-Distribution-MapsFact-Sheets-LEARNMORE-Grasshoppers-ofColorado-Fact-Sheetsof-Grasshopper-DevelopmentLEARN-MORE-Grasshoppers

• Stictocephala stimulea

  Stictocephala stimulea is a treehopper species in the family Membracidae, first described by Van Duzee in 1914. Treehoppers in this genus are characterized by their enlarged, often ornate pronotum that extends over the body like a helmet or thorn. The specific epithet 'stimulea' suggests possible resemblance to or association with stinging organisms, though this refers to appearance rather than actual sting. Like other membracids, this species likely feeds on plant phloem sap using piercing-sucking mouthparts.

  MembracidaetreehopperAuchenorrhynchaCicadomorphaStictocephalaCeresiniSmiliinaeHemipterasap-feederpronotumhelmetthorn-mimicryplant-feeding-insectphloem-feedercryptic-colorationcamouflageVan-Duzee-1914NearcticNorth-AmericaFloridaNorth-CarolinaSouth-Dakotaunderstudied-speciesdata-deficienttaxonomyentomologyinsectarthropodtrue-bugauchenorrhynchancicadomorphleafhopper-relativeplant-hopperornate-pronotumpronotal-extensiondorsal-helmetinsect-morphologyinsect-systematicsbiodiversitynatural-historyconservationinsect-ecologyinsect-behaviorinsect-developmentinsect-distributionbiogeographyspecies-descriptiontype-specimenoriginal-descriptionhistorical-taxonomymuseum-specimencollection-recordoccurrence-dataGBIFiNaturalistcitizen-scienceobservation-recordrange-mapdistribution-datageographic-rangeendemicnative-speciesregional-faunalocal-biodiversityhabitat-specificityhost-plantfeeding-guildphytophagousherbivoreplant-insect-interactioncoevolutionmimicrydefensecrypsisevolutionary-adaptationmorphological-adaptationexoskeleton-modificationstructural-colorationinsect-identificationfield-guidediagnostic-charactertaxonomic-keyspecies-complexcryptic-speciesmorphological-variationgeographic-variationphenotypic-plasticitylife-historyreproductionovipositionnymphinstarmetamorphosishemimetabolousincomplete-metamorphosispopulation-dynamicscommunity-ecologyfood-webtrophic-levelprimary-consumerecosystem-functionnutrient-cyclingenergy-flowbiological-controlpest-statusagricultural-relevanceforestryurban-ecologyinvasive-potentialclimate-changehabitat-lossconservation-statusdata-gapresearch-needtaxonomic-revisionphylogeneticsmolecular-systematicsDNA-barcodingintegrative-taxonomynatural-history-collectionspecimen-digitizationopen-dataFAIR-databiodiversity-informaticsbiological-databasetaxonomic-authoritynomenclaturezoological-nomenclatureInternational-Code-of-Zoological-Nomenclaturetype-localitytype-specimen-depositionauthor-citationoriginal-combinationcurrent-combinationsynonymyhomonymynomenclatural-acttaxonomic-historyclassification-systemphylogenetic-classificationevolutionary-relationshipsmonophylycladelineagestem-groupcrown-groupdivergence-timemolecular-clockfossil-recordpaleontologyextantextinctliving-fossilevolutionary-historybiogeographic-historydispersalvicariancerange-expansionrange-contractionrefugiumglacial-relictpostglacial-colonizationanthropogenic-impacthuman-disturbanceland-use-changeurbanizationagricultural-intensificationpesticide-usehabitat-fragmentationconnectivitycorridorprotected-areaconservation-planningsystematic-conservation-planningpriority-areahotspotendemic-areacenter-of-origincenter-of-diversityevolutionary-significant-unitmanagement-unitpopulationmetapopulationsource-sink-dynamicsdemographyvital-ratessurvivalfecunditygeneration-timepopulation-growth-ratecarrying-capacitydensity-dependenceregulationlimiting-factorenvironmental-stochasticitydemographic-stochasticitygenetic-stochasticityinbreeding-depressionoutbreeding-depressiongenetic-diversityheterozygosityallelic-richnesseffective-population-sizegenetic-driftgene-flowmigrationisolation-by-distanceisolation-by-resistancelandscape-geneticspopulation-genomicsphylogeographyhistorical-demographycoalescent-theoryapproximate-Bayesian-computationspecies-distribution-modelecological-niche-modelhabitat-suitabilitybioclimatic-envelopeclimate-envelopeniche-conservatismniche-evolutionrealized-nichefundamental-nichebiotic-interactioncompetitionpredationparasitismmutualismcommensalismamensalismfacilitationapparent-competitionindirect-interactiontrophic-cascadetop-down-controlbottom-up-controlmesopredator-releasekeystone-speciesecosystem-engineerfoundation-speciesdominant-speciescharacteristic-speciesindicator-speciesumbrella-speciesflagship-speciessurrogate-speciesfocal-speciestarget-speciespest-speciesinvasive-speciesnaturalized-speciesalien-speciesnon-native-speciesintroduced-speciescryptogenic-speciesrange-shiftpoleward-shiftelevational-shiftphenological-shifttemporal-mismatchtrophic-mismatchphenologyseasonalityvoltinismunivoltinebivoltinemultivoltinepartial-generationprolonged-diapauseaestivationhibernationoverwinteringoverwintering-strategycold-hardinessfreeze-tolerancefreeze-avoidancesupercoolingcryoprotectantthermal-biologythermoregulationbehavioral-thermoregulationmicroclimate-selectionhabitat-selectionoviposition-site-selectionhost-selectionmate-choicesexual-selectionsperm-competitioncryptic-female-choicereproductive-isolationprezygotic-isolationpostzygotic-isolationspeciationallopatric-speciationsympatric-speciationparapatric-speciationperipatric-speciationreinforcementhybridizationintrogressionhybrid-zoneclineecotonecontact-zonesecondary-contactexogenous-selectionendogenous-selectionecological-speciationmutation-order-speciationsexual-conflictsexual-dimorphismsexual-size-dimorphismsexual-dichromatismpolymorphismcolor-polymorphismmorphphasegregarious-phasesolitary-phasedensity-dependent-polyphenismreaction-normgenotype-environment-interactionplasticitycanalizationgene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• Tortopus

  Tortopus is a genus of burrowing mayflies in the family Polymitarcyidae, restricted to six species based on cladistic revision: T. igaranus, T. circumfluus, T. harrisi, T. zottai, T. bellus, and T. arenales. The genus is characterized by distinctive morphological synapomorphies including female parastyli receptors with long anterior furrows, entirely flattened penes, and nymphs bearing two subapical tubercles on mandibular tusks. Nymphs construct U-shaped tunnels in clay banks, a behavior that renders them difficult to sample with standard aquatic survey methods.

  EphemeropteraPolymitarcyidaeburrowing-mayfliesNeotropicalclay-bank-habitatU-shaped-tunnelsmandibular-tusksTortopsisCampsurinaePanamerican-distributioncladistic-revisionsynapomorphyparastyli-receptorsflattened-penesfurcasternal-protuberancessubapical-tubercleslimnological-sampling-biasnymph-morphologyadult-morphologytype-species-T.-igaranusnew-species-T.-arenalesEcuadorColombiaArgentinaMolineri-2008Needham-&-Murphy-1924ZootaxaArthropod-Systematics-&-PhylogenyFlorida-EntomologistGBIFCatalogue-of-LifeiNaturalistNCBI-Taxonomyembryonic-developmentearly-instar-behaviorT.-harrisiT.-bellusT.-circumfluusT.-zottaiT.-igaranusT.-incertusT.-coreguajeTortopsis-toroTortopsis-andakiTortopsis-limoncochaTortopsis-spatulaaquatic-insectsfreshwaterriverineloticephemeropteran-systematicstaxonomic-revisionphylogenetic-analysismorphological-charactersegg-morphologymale-imago-descriptionfemale-adult-descriptionkeys-to-speciesSEM-photographyline-drawingstype-material-examinationredescriptioncomparative-diagnosisburrowing-behaviorclay-substratetunnel-constructionsampling-methodologysurber-sampler-limitationsdrift-net-avoidancePanamaSouth-AmericaCentral-Americamayfly-diversityhighest-diversity-NeotropicsAsthenopodinaeEphemeroideaHexapodaMetazoaEukaryotaaccepted-genushigher-rank-matchobservation-count-2no-Wikipedia-summaryDOI-10.11646/zootaxa.2481.1.1DOI-10.11646/zootaxa.2436.1.4DOI-10.3897/asp.79.e62735DOI-10.2307/3493493Scott-et-al.-1959NavásUlmerTraverLugo-Ortiz-&-McCaffertyDomínguezBanksMcDunnoughPictetNeedham-&-Murphyfreshwater-ecologyaquatic-entomologyinsect-developmentnymphal-stagesimago-descriptionalate-adultswing-venationR-sectorgonopore-structureparastyli-lengthpedestal-morphologylateral-view-curvaturemandibular-morphologytusk-tuberclesmesosternal-structureabdominal-sternum-notchfurcasternumprotuberance-configurationreceptor-socket-orientationIR-veinR2-veinclaw-like-structuregonopore-associationpenis-base-separationfemale-fore-wingadditional-veinscomparative-morphologytype-specimenholotypeallotypeparatypeneotropical-speciesnew-species-descriptionspecies-keyidentification-keymale-adult-keyfemale-adult-keynymph-keygeneric-keyPolymitarcyidae-generasystematicsphylogenycladisticsmonophylysister-groupcharacter-statetransformation-seriesparsimony-analysismorphological-data-setexternal-morphologyegg-chorionmicropyleegg-bursterhatchingemergencebehavioral-studyearly-instarembryologyovipositionsubstrate-preferencehabitat-specificityendemicregional-diversityconservationbiomonitoringwater-quality-indicatormacroinvertebratebenthicinfaunalinterstitialhyporheicriver-bankstream-bankerosionsedimentparticle-sizeclay-contentbank-stabilityroot-matvegetation-associationflow-regimecurrent-velocitydepthwidthstream-ordercatchmentbasinecoregionbiogeographydispersalcolonizationvicariancespeciationadaptive-radiationmorphological-divergenceconvergent-evolutionhomoplasycharacter-conflictbootstrap-supportBremer-supportconsensus-treestrict-consensusmajority-ruletaxonomic-stabilitynomenclatural-actoriginal-descriptionsubsequent-designationtype-localitytype-depositorymuseum-collectionspecimen-preservationalcohol-preservationslide-mountingSEM-preparationimaging-techniquesscientific-illustrationphotographymeasurementmorphometricsratiosproportionsallometrysexual-dimorphismgeographic-variationintraspecific-variationinterspecific-variationdiagnostic-charactersidentification-confidencetaxonomic-expertiseliterature-reviewbibliographic-searchdatabase-queryonline-repositoryopen-accesspaywallabstract-onlyfull-text-unavailablecitation-analysisreference-listsource-qualityevidence-strengthknowledge-gapresearch-needfuture-studycollaborationfield-workcollection-tripsampling-effortspecimen-availabilitytype-examinationrevision-scopetaxonomic-conceptcircumscriptioninclusionexclusionspecies-groupspecies-complexcryptic-speciesmorphospeciesphylogenetic-speciesevolutionary-significant-unitoperational-taxonomic-unitDNA-barcodingmolecular-systematicsintegrative-taxonomytraditional-taxonomyalpha-taxonomybeta-taxonomygamma-taxonomyclassification-hierarchyLinnaean-systemrank-based-nomenclaturephylogenetic-nomenclatureclade-namecrown-groupstem-grouptotal-evidencecongruenceincongruencedata-partitioncharacter-weightingimplied-weightingequal-weightingordered-charactersunordered-charactersmultistate-charactersbinary-characterscontinuous-charactersmeristic-charactersqualitative-charactersquantitative-charactersmorphological-matrixdata-matrixcharacter-matrixtaxon-samplingcharacter-samplingmissing-datainapplicable-datapolymorphismintraspecific-polymorphismfixed-differencediagnostic-differenceunique-derived-characterautapomorphyshared-derived-charactersymplesiomorphyconvergent-characterparallel-evolutionreversalcharacter-optimizationACCTRANDELTRANunambiguous-optimizationambiguous-optimizationmost-parsimonious-treetree-lengthconsistency-indexretention-indexrescaled-consistency-indexhomoplasy-indexcharacter-fitcharacter-congruencecharacter-supportbranch-supportnode-supportclade-stabilitytaxonomic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