American-southwest

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• Atrusca brevipennata

  little oak-apple gall wasp

  Atrusca brevipennata is a cynipid gall wasp that produces distinctive galls on oak leaves in western North America. Formerly known as Andricus pellucidus, this species was first described by Gillette in 1893 and later studied by Alfred Kinsey. The wasp is locally common in the American Southwest, with records extending as far north as Denver. It oviposits into leaves of shrub live oak (Quercus turbinella) and Gambel oak (Q. gambelii), inducing the formation of small oak-apple galls. The species is visually similar to Atrusca bella and may be confused with it in the field.

  gall-waspCynipidaeoak-gallQuercusAmerican-SouthwestAlfred-Kinseyhost-specificoak-apple-gallentomological-history

• Dielis tolteca

  Toltec scoliid wasp

  Dielis tolteca is a species of scoliid wasp native to western North America and Mesoamerica. The species is known to parasitize scarab beetle grubs, with females hunting underground hosts to provision their offspring. Adults have been observed feeding on flowering plants, particularly mustards (Brassicaceae) and goldenrods (Solidago). The species has been documented in McInnis Canyons National Conservation Area in western Colorado, where it is active as a spring-emerging species.

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eticCampsomerini-sensu-strictomonophyleticAustralasian-genus-Trisciloasister-remaining-memberssampled-genera-non-monophyleticCampsomeriellaMegascoliaScoliafossil-dataEarly-Cretaceous-origincrown-Scoliidaesplit-Scoliini-ColpaCampsomerini-s.s.Late-Cretaceousposterior-meanscrown-agesPaleogeneage-95%-HPD-intervalsK-Pg-boundaryfossils-less-certain-placementolder-agesstem-agesNearctic-scoliid-cladesBeringia-dispersalOligocene-later-Eocenefoundation-future-researchscoliid-wasp-evolution-biogeographyfirst-genome-scale-datamodel-based-methodsprecision-dating-analysespaucity-well-preserved-fossilsreliably-attributablecrown-grouphigher-level-taxonomy-dire-need-revisiontaxonomic-changes-predicateddatasets-extend-geographic-taxonomic-samplingPart-IIphylogenetic-inferenceexonic-DNA-sequencesmultiple-codingsnucleotidesamino-acidscodonsempirical-studiesdata-type-choicemodel-choiceless-expected-violationinaccurate-inferenceassessing-phylogenetic-model-adequacyinference-reliability-indicationsimulation-based-approachdetect-model-inadequacyphylogenetic-posterior-predictiondata-coding-variationsimulated-data-multiple-modelscodon-modelsprocess-heterogeneity-lineagesselection-heterogeneity-sitescodon-usage-selectioninference-posterior-predictive-checksnucleotide-amino-acid-modelsGTR-familysignificant-differencesamino-acid-nucleotide-treatmentsdetect-model-violationmagnitude-error-estimate-interest-similarcorroborate-other-studiestree-length-estimation-errortopology-reconstruction-errornot-always-correlatedamino-acid-modelsmore-accurate-topologiestree-length-errors-greaternucleotide-modelsbranch-heterogeneous-codon-modelsmagnitude-directiondata-coding-dependencedata-generating-process-propertiesposterior-predictive-checks-data-filteringpractical-effect-size-thresholdslow-inference-reliabilityestablished-separatelyamino-acid-nucleotide-datacaution-advisedcareful-model-selectiondata-coding-careful-selectionaccurate-tree-length-inference-important2012-graduate-programdoctorate-entomologydissertation-researchphylogenetics-evolution-taxonomy-Scolliidaebachelor's-degree-biology2012Notre-Dame-University-Louaize-NDUundergraduate-researchbee-pollinator-identificationAmerican-University-Beirutgenetic-diversity-assessmentSpartium-junceum-populationsSpanish-broomrush-broomweaver's-broominsect-collection-establishmentNDU-specimen-collectionUC-Davis-teamnational-Linnaean-Games2015-Entomological-Society-of-America-meetingEntomology-GamesUniversity-of-Florida32-year-history-first-winvideoBohart-Museum-locationRoom-1124-Academic-Surge-BuildingCrocker-Lanecurrently-closed-publiclive-petting-zooMadagascar-hissing-cockroachesstick-insectstarantulasinsect-themed-gift-shoponlineShahid-Siddiqueassistant-professorseminar-coordinatorZoom-technical-issues[email protected]seminar-listTrisciloa-saussureiNew-Guinea-nativeBohart-Museum-specimenBug-EricWasp-WednesdayCampsomerisDecember-22-2010mystery-waspDecemberemail-friendspecies-recorded-recently-ArizonaMexican-borderSabino-Canyon-Recreation-AreaFred-Heathoutstanding-naturalistIntroduction-to-Southern-California-ButterfliesSabino-Canyon-Volunteer-NaturalistsDecember-14male-specimenCampsomeris-ephippiumDesert-LavenderHyptis-emoryiconspicuous-distinctiveno-image-neededemail-list-messageDavid-LazaroffSCVN-foundercameraimage-permissionlong-antennaeslender-bodypseudostingerposterior-abdomengender-revealrobust-femalesshorter-antennaereal-stingerretractable-stingerhosts-larval-offspringspring-2009-imagesouth-Texassouth-to-EcuadorSunday-December-19failed-to-findcommon-local-speciesCampsomeris-toltecamales-feedingnectar-Coreocarpus-arizonicusLittle-LemonheadQueen-butterfliesMexican-YellowsScoliidae-familyall-parasitoidsparasitoid-definitionheavy-spiny-legsdig-up-scarab-grubsting-brief-paralysissingle-egghost-larvaleave-scenehost-regains-consciousnessmotor-skillsunderground-existenceplant-roots-feedingwasp-egg-hatchesexternal-parasitebeetle-grubpleasure-of-huntSabino-CanyonFred-Heath-outdoorsDavid-Lazaroff-image10:00-AMEmail-ThisBlogThisShare-to-XShare-to-FacebookShare-to-Pinterestanimalsbugsinsectsnaturewaspswildlifecommentsgreat-storybeautiful-waspslearn-somethingenvy-abilityoutside-warm-weatherimpending-snowbug-hunt-hopetwo-blogsMosquito-Hawksame-Lemonhead-bushworld-shrinks-DecemberTumacacori-NHPlast-week-sightingphoto-contactmore-sightings-head's-upsecond-photo-speciesuncertainArizona-couple-speciesspecimen-in-hand-neededBeatty's-Guest-RanchMiller-Canyonapple-trees-pollinatinglast-weekendblog-author-unable-replyworking-to-resolvenewer-postolder-posthomesubscribe-post-commentsatomGBIF-taxonomy-matchaccepted-statusexact-matchAnimalia-Arthropoda-Insecta-Hymenoptera-Scoliidae-Dielisdistribution-recordsNA-NTMexico-statesBaja-California-SurCampecheChiapasCoahuilaGuanajuatoGuerreroJaliscoMichoacánMorelosOaxacaQuintana-RooSinaloaTabascoVeracruzEl-Salvador-San-SalvadorGuatemala-HuehuetenangoHonduras-ComayaguaNicaragua-RivasMap-3HaitiUnited-StatesBradley-1828Hurd-1952Porter-1981MacKay-1987iNaturalist-taxon2987-observations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splendidusMelanoplus-spretusMelanoplus-tristisMelanoplus-yarrowiiMermiria-bivittataMermiria-pictaMermiria-texanaMestobregma-platteiMetator-pardalinusOecanthus-argentinusOecanthus-californicusOecanthus-niveusOecanthus-quadripunctatusOedaloenotus-enigmaOpeia-obscuraOrphulella-pelidnaOrphulella-speciosaPardalophora-apiculataPardalophora-haidemaniiParopomala-virgataParopomala-wyomingensisPhlibostroma-quadrimaculatumPhoetaliotes-nebrascensisPseudopomala-brachypteraPsoloessa-delicatulaPsoloessa-texanaSchistocerca-alutaceaSpharagemon-bolliSpharagemon-collareSpharagemon-equaleSpharagemon-humileStenobothrus-brunneusStethophyma-gracileSyrbula-admirabilisSyrbula-montezumaTrachyrhachys-asperaTrachyrhachys-coronataTrachyrhachys-kiowaTrimerotropis-agrestisTrimerotropis-californicaTrimerotropis-campestrisTrimerotropis-cinctaTrimerotropis-citrinaTrimerotropis-cyaneipennisTrimerotropis-fontanaTrimerotropis-fraterculaTrimerotropis-gracilisTrimerotropis-inconspicuaTrimerotropis-latifasciataTrimerotropis-magnificaTrimerotropis-melanopteraTrimerotropis-pallidipennisTrimerotropis-pistrinariaTrimerotropis-sparsaTrimerotropis-toltecaTrimerotropis-verruculatusTropidolophus-formosusUdeopsylla-robustaXanthippus-corallipesXanthippus-montanustrue-grasshoppersAcrididae-discussedmanual-confusedgrasshoppers-toppage-backcontents-navigationmain-pagelearn-more-biologydistribution-maps-factsheets-keystages-grasshopperdevelopment-grasshoppersColorado-grasshoppersWyoming-WestEntomology-GRASSHOPPERSCOLORADO-GRASSHOPPERNAMES-GENUSSPECIES-GRASSHOPPERNAMES-COMMONSCIENTIFIC-GRASSHOPPERNAMES-SPECIESGENUS-abdominalisChloealtis-ThomasUhler-agrestisTrimerotropis-McNeillDodge-alpinusCeuthophilus-ScudderScudder-alutaceaSchistocerca-ScudderDodge-apiculataPardalophora-HarrisSaussure-arizonaeMelanoplus-ScudderScudder-bicolorDactylotum-ThomasScudder-bivittataMermiria-ServilleSay-bolliSpharagemon-MorseFieber-bowditchiScudder-brevipesDaihnia-HaldemanScudder-brunneusStenobothrus-ThomasBruner-californicusOecanthus-SaussureMcNeill-capitoHippopedon-StalThomas-carolinaDissosteira-LBruner-cinctaTrimerotropis-ThomasScudder-clavatusAeropedellus-ThomasScudder-coloradusAmphitornus-ThomasScudder-confususScudder-conspersaChloealtis-HarrisHaldeman-coronataTrachyrhachys-ScudderBruner-curtipennisChorthippus-HarrisBruner-cyaneusLeprus-CockerellScudder-delicatulaPsoloessa-ScudderScudder-differentialisMelanoplus-ThomasScudder-dodgeiThomas-enigmaOedaloenotus-ScudderSay-fasciatusMelanoplus-F-WalkerScudder-femurrubrumMelanoplus-DeGeerScudder-foedusThomas-formosusTropidolophus-SayMcNeill-fusiformisScudder-glaucipesScudder-gracilisScudder-haydeniDerotmema-ThomasSay-humileBruner-infantilisThomas-kennicottiThomas-lakinusScudder-longipennisDissosteira-ThomasGirard-magnificaTrimerotropis-RehnMcNeill-montanusXanthippus-ThomasSaussure-nebrascensisPhoetaliotes-ThomasThomas-nevadensisAcrolophitus-ThomasDeGeer-nubilumBoopedon-SayThomas-occidentalisThomas-oceloteHippiscus-SaussureScudder-oregonensisScudder-pallidipennisTrimerotropis-BurmeisterSaussure-parvicepsCibolacris-BrunerBurmeister-pellucidaCamnula-ScudderWalker-pistrinariaTrimerotropis-SaussureThomas-ponderosusThomas-quadrimaculatumPhlibostroma-ThomasBeutenmuller-rabulaCircotettix-RehnHebard-regalesMelanoplus-DodgeHaldeman-robustusLeprus-HebardScudder-sanguinipesMelanoplus-FabriciusHaldeman-simplexArphia-ScudderScudder-sordidusEncoptolophus-BurmeisterThomas-speciosaOrphulella-ScudderScudder-splendidusMelanoplus-HebardWalsh-spurcataDissosteira-SaussureCaudell-sulcifronsConozoa-ScudderScudder-texanaConozoa-BrunerBruner-texanaBrunner-trifasciatusHadrotettix-SayBruner-turnbulliAeoloplides-CaudellThomas-verruculatusTrimerotropis-ScudderScudder-viridifasciataChortophaga-DeGeerScudder-wyomingensisParopomala-ThomasBurmeister-yarrowiispecies-not-truegrasshoppers-Acrididaediscussed-manual-becausetop-of-thepage-back-toContents-Navigation-MainPage-Grasshoppers-ofColorado-LEARN-MOREBiology-Distribution-MapsFact-Sheets-Keyto-Stages-ofGrasshopper-Development-BiologyDistribution-Maps-LEARNMORE-Distribution-MapsFact-Sheets-LEARNMORE-Grasshoppers-ofColorado-Fact-Sheetsof-Grasshopper-DevelopmentLEARN-MORE-Grasshoppers

• Moneilema annulatum

  cactus beetle, ambulated cactus beetle

  Moneilema annulatum is a flightless cactus beetle in the family Cerambycidae, first described by Thomas Say in 1824. Adults are found almost exclusively on opuntioid cacti (prickly pears and chollas), where they feed on plant tissues and flowers. Larvae tunnel within cactus stems, often causing visible damage in the form of hardened black exudate. The species occurs across western North America from the Great Plains to the Pacific coast.

  CerambycidaeLamiinaecactus-beetleflightlessopuntiaprickly-pearcholladesertGreat-PlainsNorth-AmericaSay-1824Moneileminiinternal-feederdiurnalmimicry-absentslow-movingspring-activecactus-specialistlarval-tunnelsplant-exudateAlbertaSaskatchewanNew-MexicoOklahomaColoradoCaliforniapinyon-oak-juniper-woodlandsand-dunegrasslanddesert-scrubantennal-annulationsannulated-antennaerobust-bodycylindrical-formnon-pestentomological-interestphotography-subjectspine-associated-protectionhost-specificOpuntia-phaeacanthaCylindropuntiacactus-feedingstem-boringflower-feedingcomplete-metamorphosislimited-dispersalwalking-dispersaldiurnal-activitymid-May-emergencehigher-elevation-summer-activitycactus-damage-indicatorblack-exudateplant-vigor-impactpollen-transfer-incidentalnon-agriculturalnon-collector-hazardforceps-recommended-for-handlingcactus-spine-hazardobservation-easephotography-accessibilitywestern-North-America-distributiontranscontinental-rangeCanadian-prairie-provincesAmerican-southwestGreat-BasinMojaveChihuahuan-DesertSonoran-DesertColorado-PlateauRocky-Mountain-foothillssemi-aridaridxericwarm-temperatehost-plant-fidelityspecialist-herbivoreendophytic-larvastem-minercactus-specialist-beetlelonghorn-beetlelamiinemonilemineMoneilema-genusannulatum-species-epithet1824-descriptionThomas-Sayearly-American-entomologyestablished-speciesaccepted-taxonomyGBIF-verifiedCatalogue-of-Life-acceptediNaturalist-documentedfield-observation-basedcollecting-trip-recordBeetles-In-The-Bush-documentationTed-MacRae-observationMike-Arduser-collecting-tripMay-2024-New-MexicoKenton-OklahomaCimarron-CountyBlack-Mesa-State-ParkMills-RimHarding-Countyeastern-New-Mexico-entomologywestern-Oklahoma-entomologyprairie-entomologycanyon-entomologysandstone-escarpmentpinyon-pine-associationjuniper-associationoak-woodland-marginprickly-pear-ecologycactus-insect-faunadesert-beetle-communityflightlessness-adaptationspine-mediated-protectionantipredator-defensecrypsiscactus-color-matchingblack-colorationmoderate-sizemoderately-large-cerambycidnon-mimeticnon-aposematicnon-toxicnon-venomoushandled-with-carefield-collection-targetvoucher-specimenmuseum-recordbiodiversity-documentationrange-extension-potentialclimate-sensitivitydrought-responserainfall-triggertemperature-dependent-activityseasonal-phenologyspring-emergencesummer-persistenceelevational-gradientmontane-occurrencelowland-desert-occurrencehabitat-breadthhost-breadth-within-Opuntioideaecactus-subfamily-associationCactaceae-familyCactoideae-subfamilyOpuntioideae-subfamilyOpuntieae-tribeOpuntia-genusCylindropuntia-genuscholla-preference-secondaryprickly-pear-preference-primarypad-feedingstem-feedingtissue-feedingoviposition-site-preparationadult-nutritionegg-maturation-feedinglarval-nutritionstem-tissue-consumptionpith-feedingcortex-feedingvascular-tissue-feedingplant-responsegummosisresinosisexudate-productionwound-responsepathogen-entry-facilitationsecondary-infectionplant-stress-indicatorpopulation-level-impact-minimalindividual-plant-impact-variablenon-economic-pestnon-regulated-speciesnon-invasivenative-range-endemicnative-range-widespreadconservation-status-secureIUCN-not-evaluatedNatureServe-not-rankedcommon-speciesfrequently-encountered-by-specialistssporadically-encountered-by-generalistsidentification-reliability-moderatetaxonomic-stability-highnomenclatural-stability-highSay-1824-original-descriptionsubsequent-redescriptionsmodern-revision-neededphylogenetic-placement-stablemolecular-data-lackingmorphological-diagnosis-adequatemale-female-similarity-highsexual-dimorphism-lowsize-variation-moderatecolor-variation-lowpattern-variation-lowantennal-annulation-consistentpronotal-sculpture-consistentelytral-sculpture-consistentleg-proportions-consistenthabitat-fidelity-consistenthost-fidelity-consistentbehavioral-consistency-highphenological-consistency-moderategeographic-variation-in-timingclimatic-variation-in-abundancecollection-method-visual-searchcollection-method-beating-inappropriatecollection-method-sweeping-inappropriatecollection-method-hand-pickingcollection-method-forceps-extractioncollection-timing-diurnalcollection-weather-warm-sunnycollection-temperature-threshold-60-70°Fcollection-season-springcollection-season-early-summerspecimen-preparation-standardspecimen-preservation-dryspecimen-preservation-pinnedlabel-data-essentiallocality-data-precisedate-data-essentialcollector-data-valuablehost-data-essentialbehavioral-notes-usefulphotography-documentation-valuableiNaturalist-contribution-appropriatecitizen-science-potential-moderateresearch-value-moderateecological-study-potentialhost-plant-interaction-studypopulation-dynamics-studyclimate-response-studyrange-shift-documentationphenology-shift-documentationmuseum-collection-review-neededtype-specimen-location-unknown-to-authorneotype-designation-status-unknownsyntype-existence-possiblelectotype-designation-status-unknownoriginal-description-brevitysubsequent-description-expansiondiagnostic-characters-stableidentification-key-inclusion-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