Old-world
Guides
Ampulex
cockroach wasps, jewel wasps
Ampulex is a large cosmopolitan genus of cockroach-hunting wasps in the family Ampulicidae, comprising over 130 species concentrated in tropical regions of the Old World. Fewer than 15 species occur in the New World, and fewer than 5 are native to Europe or the United States. The genus is notable for its specialized parasitoid biology: females sting cockroaches with venom that induces a state of hypokinesia—suppressed escape response and reduced locomotion without paralysis—then lead the subdued host to a shelter, lay eggs on its legs, and seal it inside where the larva consumes the living host. The emerald jewel wasp Ampulex compressa is the best-studied species and has spread globally alongside its host cockroaches.
Antheminia sulcata
Antheminia sulcata is a species of stink bug in the family Pentatomidae, order Hemiptera. The genus Antheminia is part of a group of Old World stink bugs with limited documentation in available English-language sources. Records from iNaturalist indicate observations of this species, though detailed natural history information appears sparse in the accessible literature. The species epithet 'sulcata' refers to grooved or furrowed features, likely describing surface sculpturing on the body.
Banisia
Banisia is a genus of moths in the family Thyrididae, established by Walker in 1863. The genus is classified within the subfamily Striglininae and contains approximately 12 described species distributed across tropical and subtropical regions. Species within this genus exhibit the characteristic wing patterns and morphology typical of thyridid moths, including intricate reticulate or banded forewing markings. The genus has been documented from Africa, Asia, and Indian Ocean islands including the Seychelles.
Braconinae
Braconinae is a large subfamily of braconid parasitoid wasps comprising more than 2,000 described species. Members are small to medium-sized wasps, typically dark in coloration though some exhibit red, orange, or pale coloration. They possess cyclostome mouthparts and females usually have a long ovipositor. The subfamily is found worldwide with highest diversity in the Paleotropical region.
parasitoididiobiontectoparasitoidbiocontrolcyclostomeovipositorPaleotropical-diversityLepidoptera-parasitoidColeoptera-parasitoidconcealed-host-larvaevenom-paralysisBracon-brevicornisAtanycolusBaryproctusBraconCeratobraconCoeloidesGlyptomorphaIphiaulaxPseudovipioVipioMegalommumPhylogeny-of-the-Braconinaetribal-classificationAphrastobraconiniBraconiniCoeloidiniCompsobraconiniTropobraconiniVirgulibraconiniAdeshiniArgamaniiniBathyaulaciniEuurobraconiniGlyptomorphiniGnathobraconiniPhysaraiiniRhammuriniVaepelliniMyosotiseiniAspidobraconiniCeratobraconiniVipioniniIphiaulaciniAcanthobraconiniTurkeyIranChinaThailandPakistanAnatoliapistachio-longhorn-beetleCalchaenesthes-pistacivoraScolytidaeCurculionidaeBuprestidaeconiferous-treesbroadleaved-treesMalaise-traplight-trappinghost-carrying-behaviorPycnobraconoidesTrigastrothecaPhysaraiaNesaulaxCurreiaEndovipioAmyosomaMegacoeloidesAlienoclypeusAtanycolus-insolitusBracon-amaculatusBracon-quadrimaculatusBracon-rhinchitiBracon-murgabensisBracon-querceusBracon-karakumicusBracon-hylobiiBracon-irkutensisBracon-longiantennatusBracon-longigenisCoeloides-sordidatorGlyptomorpha-disparBracon-selviaeBracon-bachtiaeBracon-dersimensisGlyptomorpha-nachitshevanicaChelonus-erythrogasterCoeloides-glaboventrisCoeloides-longquanusCoeloides-flavusCoeloides-changbaiensisMegalommum-pistacivoraeMegalommum-xanthocepsMegalommum-jacobsoniMegalommum-ayyariMegalommum-philippinenseMegalommum-dodecanesiMegalommum-ceresenseMegalommum-inareatumMegalommum-antefurcaleMegalommum-tibialePhysaraia-nanensisPhysaraia-panhaiPhysaraia-sakaeratensisPhysaraia-sinensisPhysaraia-sumatranaPhysaraia-tigeriTrigastrotheca-doiphukhaensisTrigastrotheca-pariyanonthaeTrigastrotheca-sureerataeTrigastrotheca-tridentataDoi-Phu-Kha-National-ParkArdahanErzurumIğdırKarsKastamonuTunceliFars-provinceNan-provinceSakaeratZhejiang-UniversityChinese-Academy-of-ForestryDNA-barcodingBOLD-SystemsBugGuide.netWikispeciesWikimedia-CommonsEncyclopedia-of-LifeSystematic-EntomologyZootaxaZooKeysCheck-ListJournal-of-Hymenoptera-ResearchJournal-of-Animal-and-Plant-SciencesPMC11214016PMC1287356828S-rRNACOI16S-rRNA18S-rRNAEF-1αCADelongation-factor-1-alphacytochrome-c-oxidase-subunit-Imitochondrialnuclearmolecular-phylogenymorphological-phylogenymonophyletictribus-novcomb.-novsp.-novsyn.-novincertae-sedisNew-WorldOld-WorldAustralianWest-PalaearcticOrientalIndo-AustralianAsian-TurkeyEuropean-Turkeybiogeographical-provinceszoogeographical-regionschecklistfaunisticstaxonomysystematicsrevisionnew-speciesnew-recordsnew-combinationsnew-synonymsnew-tribepreliminary-keydichotomous-keydiagnostic-characterstype-specimenvoucher-specimenholotypeparatypefemale-specimenadult-specimenlight-trapaerial-netfield-collection2011-20141980-2009observationiNaturalist14342-observationsCharadracarinae
Charadracarinae is a subfamily of assassin bugs (Reduviidae) within the true bugs (Hemiptera). The group is poorly studied and contains few described species. Members are found in arid regions of the Old World, particularly in Africa and the Middle East. The subfamily was established to accommodate genera with distinctive morphological features that separate them from other reduviid subfamilies.
Chloroprocta
Chloroprocta is a genus of blow flies in the family Calliphoridae, subfamily Chrysomyinae. The genus was described by Wulp in 1896. Species in this genus are associated with carrion and decomposing organic matter. The genus contains relatively few described species and is primarily distributed in the Old World tropics and subtropics.
Chrysomya
Old World blow fly
Chrysomya is a genus of blow flies in the family Calliphoridae, native to the Old World. The genus is distinguished by metallic blue-green coloration, thick setae on the meron, and plumose arista. Several species have become forensically significant due to their predictable developmental rates and association with carrion, with some species recently expanding into North America.
Cithaeron
Cithaeron is a genus of small, nomadic spiders in the family Cithaeronidae. Members are characterized by depressed posterior median eyes and pseudosegmented tarsi. The genus includes species with Old World origins that have become established as human-mediated introductions in multiple regions, including the Americas. Cithaeron praedonius, the best-known species, was first documented in Florida in 2011 and has since been recorded in multiple counties.
Diaphorina
Diaphorina is a genus of Old World sap-sucking hemipteran bugs in the family Liviidae, containing approximately 68 to 74 species. The genus is typified by the subfamily Diaphorininae and includes Diaphorina citri, the Asian citrus psyllid, a globally significant agricultural pest. Species in this genus are phloem-feeders primarily associated with host plants in the Rutaceae family.
Dielis tolteca
Toltec scoliid wasp
Dielis tolteca is a species of scoliid wasp native to western North America and Mesoamerica. The species is known to parasitize scarab beetle grubs, with females hunting underground hosts to provision their offspring. Adults have been observed feeding on flowering plants, particularly mustards (Brassicaceae) and goldenrods (Solidago). The species has been documented in McInnis Canyons National Conservation Area in western Colorado, where it is active as a spring-emerging species.
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protected]seminar-listTrisciloa-saussureiNew-Guinea-nativeBohart-Museum-specimenBug-EricWasp-WednesdayCampsomerisDecember-22-2010mystery-waspDecemberemail-friendspecies-recorded-recently-ArizonaMexican-borderSabino-Canyon-Recreation-AreaFred-Heathoutstanding-naturalistIntroduction-to-Southern-California-ButterfliesSabino-Canyon-Volunteer-NaturalistsDecember-14male-specimenCampsomeris-ephippiumDesert-LavenderHyptis-emoryiconspicuous-distinctiveno-image-neededemail-list-messageDavid-LazaroffSCVN-foundercameraimage-permissionlong-antennaeslender-bodypseudostingerposterior-abdomengender-revealrobust-femalesshorter-antennaereal-stingerretractable-stingerhosts-larval-offspringspring-2009-imagesouth-Texassouth-to-EcuadorSunday-December-19failed-to-findcommon-local-speciesCampsomeris-toltecamales-feedingnectar-Coreocarpus-arizonicusLittle-LemonheadQueen-butterfliesMexican-YellowsScoliidae-familyall-parasitoidsparasitoid-definitionheavy-spiny-legsdig-up-scarab-grubsting-brief-paralysissingle-egghost-larvaleave-scenehost-regains-consciousnessmotor-skillsunderground-existenceplant-roots-feedingwasp-egg-hatchesexternal-parasitebeetle-grubpleasure-of-huntSabino-CanyonFred-Heath-outdoorsDavid-Lazaroff-image10:00-AMEmail-ThisBlogThisShare-to-XShare-to-FacebookShare-to-Pinterestanimalsbugsinsectsnaturewaspswildlifecommentsgreat-storybeautiful-waspslearn-somethingenvy-abilityoutside-warm-weatherimpending-snowbug-hunt-hopetwo-blogsMosquito-Hawksame-Lemonhead-bushworld-shrinks-DecemberTumacacori-NHPlast-week-sightingphoto-contactmore-sightings-head's-upsecond-photo-speciesuncertainArizona-couple-speciesspecimen-in-hand-neededBeatty's-Guest-RanchMiller-Canyonapple-trees-pollinatinglast-weekendblog-author-unable-replyworking-to-resolvenewer-postolder-posthomesubscribe-post-commentsatomGBIF-taxonomy-matchaccepted-statusexact-matchAnimalia-Arthropoda-Insecta-Hymenoptera-Scoliidae-Dielisdistribution-recordsNA-NTMexico-statesBaja-California-SurCampecheChiapasCoahuilaGuanajuatoGuerreroJaliscoMichoacánMorelosOaxacaQuintana-RooSinaloaTabascoVeracruzEl-Salvador-San-SalvadorGuatemala-HuehuetenangoHonduras-ComayaguaNicaragua-RivasMap-3HaitiUnited-StatesBradley-1828Hurd-1952Porter-1981MacKay-1987iNaturalist-taxon2987-observationspreferred-common-nameWikipedia-summarySolidago-plantsiNaturalist-taxonomyGrasshoppers-of-ColoradoGrasshoppers-of-Wyoming-and-the-WestEntomologygrasshopper-namesgenus-speciescommon-scientificspecies-genusabdominalis-Chloealtisadmirabilis-Syrbulaagrestis-Trimerotropisalba-Hypochloraalpinus-Ceuthophilusalpinus-Melanoplusalutacea-Schistocercaangustipennis-Melanoplusapiculata-Pardalophoraargentinus-Oecanthusarizonae-Melanoplusaspera-Trachyrhachysbicolor-Dactylotumbispinosus-Melanoplusbivittata-Mermiriabivittatus-Melanoplusbolli-Spharagemonborealis-Melanoplusbowditchi-Melanoplusbrachyptera-Pseudopomalabrevipes-Daihniabruneri-Melanoplusbrunneus-Stenobothruscalifornica-Trimerotropiscalifornicus-Oecanthuscampestris-Trimerotropiscapito-Hippopedoncarlinianus-Circotettixcarolina-Dissosteirachenopodii-Aeoloplidescincta-Trimerotropiscitrina-Trimerotropisclavatus-Aeropedelluscollare-Spharagemoncoloradus-Amphitornuscomplanatipes-Melanoplusconfusus-Melanoplusconspersa-Arphiaconspersa-Chloealtiscorallipes-Xanthippuscoronata-Trachyrhachyscrenulata-Cordillacriscurtipennis-Chorthippuscyaneipennis-Trimerotropiscyaneus-Leprusdawsonii-Melanoplusdelicatula-Psoloessadeorum-Ageneotettixdifferentialis-Melanoplusdiscolor-Melanoplusdodgei-Melanopluselliotti-Aulocaraenigma-Oedaloenotusequale-Spharagemonfasciatus-Melanoplusfemoratum-Aulocarafemurrubrum-Melanoplusflavidus-Melanoplusfoedus-Melanoplusfontana-Trimerotropisformosus-Tropidolophusfratercula-Trimerotropisfusiformis-Ceuthophilusgladstoni-Melanoplusglaucipes-Melanoplusgracile-Stethophymagracilis-Trimerotropishaldemanii-Pardalophorahaydeni-Derotmemahirtipes-Acrolophitushumile-Spharagemoninconspicua-Trimerotropisinfantilis-Melanopluskeeleri-Melanopluskennicotti-Melanopluskiowa-Trachyrhachyslakinus-Melanopluslatifasciata-Trimerotropislongipennis-Dissosteiramagna-Brachystolamagnifica-Trimerotropismelanoptera-Trimerotropismontanus-Xanthippusmontezuma-Syrbulanebrascensis-Phoetaliotesneglectus-Cratypedesnevadensis-Acrolophitusniveus-Oecanthusnubilum-Boopedonobscura-Opeiaoccidentalis-Melanoplusoccipitalis-Cordillacrisocelote-Hippiscusolivacea-Campylacanthaoregonensis-Melanopluspackardii-Melanopluspallidipennis-Trimerotropispardalinus-Metatorparviceps-Cibolacrispelidna-Orphulellapellucida-Camnulapicta-Mermiriapistrinaria-Trimerotropisplattei-Mestobregmaponderosus-Melanopluspseudonietana-Arphiaquadrimaculatum-Phlibostromaquadripunctatus-Oecanthusrabula-Circotettixregalis-Melanoplusrobusta-Udeopsyllarobustus-Leprusrufa-Heliaulasanguinipes-Melanoplussimplex-Anabrussimplex-Arphiasimplex-Eritettixsordidus-Encoptolophussparsa-Trimerotropisspeciosa-Orphulellaspeciosus-Hesperotettixsplendidus-Melanoplusspretus-Melanoplusspurcata-Dissosteirasubgracilis-Encoptolophussulcifrons-Conozoatenuipennis-Aeoloplidestexana-Conozoatexana-Mermiriatexana-Psoloessatolteca-Trimerotropistrifasciatus-Hadrotettixtristis-Melanoplusturnbulli-Aeoloplidesutahensis-Ceuthophilusverruculatus-Trimerotropisvirgata-Paropomalaviridifasciata-Chortophagaviridis-Hesperotettixwyomingensis-Paropomalaxanthoptera-Arphiayarrowii-Melanoplusnot-true-grasshoppersAcrididaediscussed-manualconfused-with-grasshopperstop-of-pageback-to-contentsnavigation-main-pagelearn-morebiologydistribution-mapsfact-sheetskey-to-stagesgrasshopper-developmentgrasshopper-names-common-scientificgrasshopper-names-species-genusgrasshopper-names-genus-speciesAcrolophitus-hirtipesAcrolophitus-nevadensisAeoloplides-chenopodiiAeoloplides-tenuipennisAeoloplides-tumbulliAeropedellus-clavatusAgeneotettix-deorumAmphitomus-coloradusAnabrus-simplexArphia-conspersaArphia-pseudonietanaArphia-simplexArphia-xanthopteraAulocara-elliottiAulocara-femoratumBoopedon-nubilumBrachystola-magnaCamnula-pellucidaCampylacantha-olivaceaCeuthophilus-alpinusCeuthophilus-fusiformisCeuthophilus-utahensisChloealtis-abdominalisChloealtis-conspersaChorthippus-curtipennisChortophaga-viridifasciataCibolacris-parvicepsCircotettix-carlinianusCircotettix-rabulaConozoa-suicifronsConozoa-texanaCordillacris-crenulataCordillacris-occipitalisCratypedes-neglectusDactylotum-bicolorDaihnia-brevipesDerotmema-haydeniDissosteira-carolinaDissosteira-longipennisDissosteira-spurcataEncoptolophus-sordidusEncoptolophus-subgracilisEritettix-simplexGryllus-sppHadrotettix-trifasciatusHeliaula-rufaHesperotettix-speciosusHesperotettix-viridisHippiscus-oceloteHippopedon-capitoHypochlora-albaLeprus-cyaneusLeprus-robustusMelanoplus-alpinusMelanoplus-angustipennisMelanoplus-arizonaeMelanoplus-bispinosusMelanoplus-bivittatusMelanoplus-borealisMelanoplus-bowditchiMelanoplus-bruneriMelanoplus-complanatipesMelanoplus-confususMelanoplus-dawsoniiMelanoplus-differentialisMelanoplus-discolorMelanoplus-dodgeiMelanoplus-fasciatusMelanoplus-femurrubrumMelanoplus-flavidusMelanoplus-foedusMelanoplus-gladstoniMelanoplus-glaucipesMelanoplus-infantilisMelanoplus-keeleriMelanoplus-kennicottiMelanoplus-lakinusMelanoplus-occidentalisMelanoplus-oregonensisMelanoplus-packardiiMelanoplus-ponderosusMelanoplus-regalisMelanoplus-sanguinipesMelanoplus-splendidusMelanoplus-spretusMelanoplus-tristisMelanoplus-yarrowiiMermiria-bivittataMermiria-pictaMermiria-texanaMestobregma-platteiMetator-pardalinusOecanthus-argentinusOecanthus-californicusOecanthus-niveusOecanthus-quadripunctatusOedaloenotus-enigmaOpeia-obscuraOrphulella-pelidnaOrphulella-speciosaPardalophora-apiculataPardalophora-haidemaniiParopomala-virgataParopomala-wyomingensisPhlibostroma-quadrimaculatumPhoetaliotes-nebrascensisPseudopomala-brachypteraPsoloessa-delicatulaPsoloessa-texanaSchistocerca-alutaceaSpharagemon-bolliSpharagemon-collareSpharagemon-equaleSpharagemon-humileStenobothrus-brunneusStethophyma-gracileSyrbula-admirabilisSyrbula-montezumaTrachyrhachys-asperaTrachyrhachys-coronataTrachyrhachys-kiowaTrimerotropis-agrestisTrimerotropis-californicaTrimerotropis-campestrisTrimerotropis-cinctaTrimerotropis-citrinaTrimerotropis-cyaneipennisTrimerotropis-fontanaTrimerotropis-fraterculaTrimerotropis-gracilisTrimerotropis-inconspicuaTrimerotropis-latifasciataTrimerotropis-magnificaTrimerotropis-melanopteraTrimerotropis-pallidipennisTrimerotropis-pistrinariaTrimerotropis-sparsaTrimerotropis-toltecaTrimerotropis-verruculatusTropidolophus-formosusUdeopsylla-robustaXanthippus-corallipesXanthippus-montanustrue-grasshoppersAcrididae-discussedmanual-confusedgrasshoppers-toppage-backcontents-navigationmain-pagelearn-more-biologydistribution-maps-factsheets-keystages-grasshopperdevelopment-grasshoppersColorado-grasshoppersWyoming-WestEntomology-GRASSHOPPERSCOLORADO-GRASSHOPPERNAMES-GENUSSPECIES-GRASSHOPPERNAMES-COMMONSCIENTIFIC-GRASSHOPPERNAMES-SPECIESGENUS-abdominalisChloealtis-ThomasUhler-agrestisTrimerotropis-McNeillDodge-alpinusCeuthophilus-ScudderScudder-alutaceaSchistocerca-ScudderDodge-apiculataPardalophora-HarrisSaussure-arizonaeMelanoplus-ScudderScudder-bicolorDactylotum-ThomasScudder-bivittataMermiria-ServilleSay-bolliSpharagemon-MorseFieber-bowditchiScudder-brevipesDaihnia-HaldemanScudder-brunneusStenobothrus-ThomasBruner-californicusOecanthus-SaussureMcNeill-capitoHippopedon-StalThomas-carolinaDissosteira-LBruner-cinctaTrimerotropis-ThomasScudder-clavatusAeropedellus-ThomasScudder-coloradusAmphitornus-ThomasScudder-confususScudder-conspersaChloealtis-HarrisHaldeman-coronataTrachyrhachys-ScudderBruner-curtipennisChorthippus-HarrisBruner-cyaneusLeprus-CockerellScudder-delicatulaPsoloessa-ScudderScudder-differentialisMelanoplus-ThomasScudder-dodgeiThomas-enigmaOedaloenotus-ScudderSay-fasciatusMelanoplus-F-WalkerScudder-femurrubrumMelanoplus-DeGeerScudder-foedusThomas-formosusTropidolophus-SayMcNeill-fusiformisScudder-glaucipesScudder-gracilisScudder-haydeniDerotmema-ThomasSay-humileBruner-infantilisThomas-kennicottiThomas-lakinusScudder-longipennisDissosteira-ThomasGirard-magnificaTrimerotropis-RehnMc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Euchromiusini is a tribe of grass moths within the family Crambidae. The tribe comprises small to medium-sized moths associated primarily with grassland and savanna habitats. Members are predominantly distributed across the Old World, with highest diversity in the Afrotropical and Palearctic regions. The genus Euchromius, which gives the tribe its name, contains the majority of described species.
Hypocacculus metallescens
clown beetle
Hypocacculus metallescens is a small histerid beetle first described from Europe in 1834. The species has a broad Old World distribution spanning the Mediterranean basin, North Africa, the Middle East, and Central Asia, with introduced populations established in Florida, USA. As a member of the clown beetle family Histeridae, it likely occupies habitats associated with decaying organic matter.
Massala
Massala is a genus of moths in the family Erebidae, subfamily Calpinae. It was established by Francis Walker in 1865. Species in this genus are distributed primarily in tropical and subtropical regions of the Old World, including parts of Africa, Asia, and Australia. The genus is part of the diverse erebid moth fauna and is characterized by features typical of calpine moths.
Micropholcus
cellar spiders
Micropholcus is a genus of cellar spiders (Pholcidae) characterized by long legs and relatively fragile bodies. It is one of only two pholcid genera with both Old and New World distributions, though morphological and ecological differences exist between geographic groups. The genus currently contains at least 29 species, with major taxonomic revisions in 2014 (transfers from Leptopholcus) and 2024 (description of twelve new Old World species). The type species M. fauroti has a pantropical distribution and has been introduced globally.
Ochrostomus
Ochrostomus is a genus of seed bugs in the family Lygaeidae, established by Carl Stål in 1874. Members of this genus belong to the subfamily Lygaeinae and are characterized by their relatively small to medium size and association with seed-feeding habits typical of the family. The genus is primarily distributed in the Old World tropics and subtropics. As with many lygaeid genera, species-level taxonomy remains partially unresolved, and ecological data for most species are limited.
Orgerius
Orgerius is a genus of planthoppers in the family Dictyopharidae, tribe Orgeriini. Members are characterized by elongated, often slender body forms typical of the subfamily Orgeriinae. The genus was established by Stål in 1859 and contains species distributed across parts of the Old World.
Phaneroptera
Sickle-bearing Bushcrickets
Phaneroptera is a genus of bush crickets (katydids) in the family Tettigoniidae, established by Jean Guillaume Audinet-Serville in 1831. It is the type genus of the subfamily Phaneropterinae. Species occur across Europe, Africa, and Asia. The genus includes approximately 40 described species, with Phaneroptera falcata (the sickle-bearing bush-cricket) as the type species. Some species have been documented as florivores, feeding selectively on flowers.
Psara
Psara is a genus of moths in the family Crambidae, subfamily Spilomelinae. The genus was established by Snellen in 1875 and contains multiple species distributed across tropical and subtropical regions. These moths are generally small to medium-sized with characteristic wing patterns typical of the subfamily.
Pyralini
snout moths
Pyralini is a tribe of snout moths within the subfamily Pyralinae, described by Latreille in 1809. The tribe centers around the type species Pyralis farinalis, the meal moth, a significant pest of stored cereals. Members are generally larger-bodied snout moths, often displaying bright brown to yellow coloration. The tribal boundaries remain provisional, with ongoing discoveries and taxonomic revisions expected to alter the current circumscription.
Sphaeroderma
Sphaeroderma is a genus of flea beetles (Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Alticini) comprising approximately 250 species distributed across the Old World. Members of this genus are small leaf beetles characterized by enlarged hind femora adapted for jumping. The genus has been subject to taxonomic revision, with new species continuing to be described from montane regions.
Stelis
leach orchids
Stelis is a genus of Old World cleptoparasitic bees in the family Megachilidae, tribe Anthidiini. These bees are obligate cleptoparasites, meaning they do not construct their own nests but instead lay eggs in the nests of host bees, where their larvae consume the host's pollen provisions. The genus was established by Panzer in 1806 and contains multiple species distributed across Europe, Asia, and into the Arabian Peninsula. Some species have shown recent range expansions, with new country records continuing to be documented.
Thiotricha
Thiotricha is a large, morphologically diverse genus of gelechiid moths in the subfamily Thiotrichinae. The genus is mainly concentrated in the Old World, with particularly high diversity in China where over 100 species have been documented. Species are distinguished by genital morphology and external characters, with Chinese taxa organized into four species groups based on morphology and molecular data. Larvae of studied species construct portable cases and feed on flowers, seeds, or leaves of various host plants.
Trachelas
Trachelas is a genus of hunting spiders in the family Trachelidae, established by Ludwig Carl Christian Koch in 1872. The genus contains approximately 99 species with worldwide distribution across tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions. Trachelas sensu stricto is restricted to the Old World, while New World species represent a distinct lineage only distantly related to the core group. The genus has undergone significant taxonomic revision, with species previously assigned to Corinnidae now placed in Trachelidae.