New-world
Guides
Acalymma
striped cucumber beetles, cucumber beetles
Acalymma is a genus of leaf beetles in the family Chrysomelidae comprising approximately 72 described species in the Western Hemisphere. The genus is primarily distributed in the New World, with most species occurring in North America including Mexico. Two species, A. vittatum (striped cucumber beetle) and A. trivittatum (western striped cucumber beetle), are major agricultural pests of cucurbit crops. Acalymma species are specialists on plants in the family Cucurbitaceae, with adults feeding on leaves, flowers, and fruit, and larvae feeding on roots.
Acanthostichus
Acanthostichus is a genus of predatory, subterranean ants in the subfamily Dorylinae. The genus contains 24 described species distributed across the New World from the southern United States to northern Argentina. These ants are rarely encountered due to their underground lifestyle, and many species are known from very few specimens. Species identification relies heavily on petiole morphology.
Achradocera arcuata
Achradocera arcuata is a species of long-legged fly in the family Dolichopodidae, first described by Van Duzee in 1924. The species belongs to a New World genus revised in 2024, with confirmed records from western North America and the Hawaiian Islands. Like other dolichopodids, it possesses characteristically elongated legs and a streamlined body. The species was included in a comprehensive taxonomic revision that documented diagnostic morphological features and clarified its systematic position within the genus.
Acrolophinae
Burrowing Webworm Moths, Tube Moths
Acrolophinae is a subfamily of small moths within the family Tineidae, containing approximately 300 species across five genera. Members are commonly known as burrowing webworm moths or tube moths due to larval habits. The group is restricted to the New World and is considered closely related to other Tineidae. Larvae construct silk tubes or burrows in which they feed and develop.
Acrotaeniini
Acrotaeniini fruit flies
Acrotaeniini is a tribe of tephritid fruit flies within the subfamily Tephritinae, established by Foote, Blanc & Norrbom in 1993. The tribe comprises eleven genera distributed primarily in the New World, including the well-known genus Tomoplagia. Members are characterized by distinctive wing patterns and are associated with various host plants. The tribe has been documented in at least 601 observations on iNaturalist, indicating moderate field recognition.
Acrotaphus
Acrotaphus is a genus of spider-attacking parasitoid wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, subfamily Pimplinae, tribe Ephialtini. The genus contains 27 described species distributed across the New World, with particularly high diversity in the Neotropics including the Brazilian Amazon. These wasps are ectoparasitoids of orb-weaver spiders in the families Araneidae and Tetragnathidae. A defining characteristic of the genus is the ability to induce behavioral modification in host spiders, causing them to construct specialized "cocoon webs" that support and protect the wasp pupae.
Acutalini
Acutalini is a tribe of treehoppers in the family Membracidae, containing approximately 26 described species distributed from Canada to Brazil and Peru. Members are characterized by distinctive forewing venation including separate R, M, and Cu veins near the wing base, presence of R2+3 as a distinct branch, and R4+5 confluent with M distad of the M fork. Nymphs are cryptic, solitary, and not ant-attended, with unique morphological features including paired scoli on thoracic and abdominal segments. Adults are primarily Neotropical, with many species associated with forest canopy habitats.
Alcathoe
Alcathoe is a genus of clearwing moths in the family Sesiidae, restricted to the New World tropics and extending north into the southern United States. These moths are notable for their striking wasp mimicry, with five species currently recognized north of Mexico. Males possess distinctive morphological features including highly bipectinate antennae and often a single tail-like appendage from the abdomen tip that approximates the dangling legs of wasps. The genus is rarely encountered due to diurnal activity and general disinterest in light traps.
Alcathoe verrugo
Alcathoe verrugo is a clearwing moth in the family Sesiidae, native to the New World tropics and southern United States. Like other sesiids, it exhibits wasp mimicry, with transparent wings and a slender body that resembles hymenopterans in flight. The genus Alcathoe contains five species north of Mexico, all rarely encountered. Males possess a single tail-like abdominal appendage that approximates the dangling legs of wasps.
Amorbia
leafroller moths
Amorbia is a New World genus of tortricid moths containing approximately 29 species distributed from Brazil through Central America, the Caribbean, Mexico, and into the United States and Canada. Larvae of at least some species are known leafrollers that feed on host plants including blackberry (Rubus). The genus has been subject to systematic revision, with eight informal species groups proposed based on morphological characters. Several species are of economic concern as pests of Rubus crops in Mexico.
Anasa scorbutica
Anasa scorbutica is a species of leaf-footed bug in the family Coreidae, first described by Fabricius in 1775. It belongs to the genus Anasa, which includes several species associated with cucurbit plants. The species has been documented across a broad geographic range spanning the Caribbean, Central America, North America, and South America. Specific biological details beyond distribution and taxonomy remain poorly documented in available sources.
Anatrytone
Anatrytone is a genus of skipper butterflies in the family Hesperiidae, distributed across the New World. The genus contains at least eight described species organized into two species-groups: the logan group (including the Delaware skipper) and the mella group. Species within this genus are generally associated with grassland and open habitat ecosystems. The genus was established by Dyar in 1905.
Apenes
Apenes is a genus of ground beetles in the family Carabidae, established by LeConte in 1851. The genus comprises at least 80 described species, with a distribution centered in southern and neotropical regions of the New World. Only two species extend into northern regions. Members belong to the tribe Lebiini within the subfamily Lebiinae.
Apilocrocis
Apilocrocis is a genus of moths in the family Crambidae, subfamily Spilomelinae. The genus was established by Amsel in 1956 and contains approximately 11 described species distributed across the Americas, from the United States through Central America to South America. Species within this genus are relatively small crambid moths, with several described by Hampson in the early 20th century and additional species described by Munroe in 1968.
Apiomerus
Bee Assassins, Bee Assassin Bugs
Apiomerus is a genus of brightly colored, conspicuous assassin bugs in the family Reduviidae, commonly known as bee assassins. The genus contains approximately 110 described species and represents the largest clade within the monophyletic tribe Apiomerini. Members are characterized by their use of plant resin as 'sticky traps' to capture prey, a trait unique among assassin bugs. Females possess specialized tibial combs for resin collection and application onto egg masses, providing maternal care. The genus exhibits significant sexual dimorphism and extreme diversity in genital morphology, hypothesized to result from sexual selection driving speciation.
Apiomerus immundus
Apiomerus immundus is a species of assassin bug in the family Reduviidae, described by Bergroth in 1898. The genus Apiomerus, commonly known as "bee assassins" or "bee killers," comprises exclusively New World species that are ambush predators. Most Apiomerus species are characterized by their habit of perching on flowers to capture visiting bees and other insects. The specific epithet "immundus" (Latin for "unclean" or "dirty") may allude to the debris-accumulating behavior observed in related species.
Apodemia
metalmark butterflies
Apodemia is a New World genus of metalmark butterflies (family Riodinidae) ranging from Canada to Brazil. The genus contains approximately 18 described species, including the type species Apodemia mormo (Mormon metalmark). Species-level taxonomy has undergone revision; Apodemia paucipuncta was transferred to the new genus Hallonympha based on morphological and behavioral characters. Oviposition behavior varies geographically: northern populations of A. mormo deposit single eggs on soil or rocks, while southern populations lay eggs in groups on host plants.
Araneus detrimentosus
Araneus detrimentosus is an orb-weaving spider in the family Araneidae, found from the United States through Central America to Colombia. It constructs spiral wheel-shaped webs typical of the family. The species was first described by O. Pickard-Cambridge in 1889.
Argyrotaenia
leafroller moths
Argyrotaenia is a genus of tortricid moths in the tribe Archipini, established by Stephens in 1852. The genus includes species commonly known as leafroller moths due to the larval habit of rolling or folding leaves for shelter. Several species are economically significant agricultural pests, particularly in orchards. The genus has a primarily New World distribution, with species ranging from North America through Central and South America, and has been recorded as far south as Argentina and Chile. Some species exhibit sexual dimorphism in wing pattern and size.
Aristaria theroalis
Aristaria theroalis is the sole species in the monotypic genus Aristaria, a moth in the family Erebidae. It is found in the United States and Costa Rica. The species was first described by Francis Walker in 1859, originally placed in the genus Bleptina. It belongs to the subfamily Hypeninae, commonly known as snout moths.
Atanus
Atanus is a genus of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae, established by Oman in 1938. The genus comprises more than 40 described species distributed across North, Central, and South America. Members are classified in the subfamily Deltocephalinae and tribe Platymetopiini. As typical leafhoppers, they likely share the piercing-sucking mouthparts and jumping hind legs characteristic of the family.
Athysanella
Athysanella is a genus of leafhoppers in the tribe Chiasmini, family Cicadellidae. The genus is monophyletic and distinguished from the related genus Icaia by several derived characters of the male genitalia. Most species are found in the New World. The genus contains subgenera including Athysanella (Athysanella) and Athysanella (Amphipyga), with subgenus A. (Diphipyga) restricted to three species retaining plesiomorphic genitalia characters.
Attina
Fungus-growing Ants
Attina is a subtribe of fungus-growing ants within the subfamily Myrmicinae, comprising all known ant species that participate in obligate ant-fungus mutualism. These ants cultivate fungi as their sole food source, with leafcutter ants (genera Atta and Acromyrmex) being the most well-known members. The subtribe is sister to Dacetina and represents one of only two known groups of organisms (along with humans) that practice agriculture. Attina ants are native to the New World tropics and subtropics, where they play significant roles in nutrient cycling and soil modification.
Attini
fungus-growing ants, higher myrmicine ants
Attini is a tribe of New World ants renowned for cultivating symbiotic fungi in specialized nest chambers called fungus gardens. This mutualism, dating back approximately 30 million years, represents one of the most complex examples of agriculture outside humans. The ants provision their fungal cultivars with organic substrates including plant material, insect carcasses, and feces, while receiving nutrition from specialized fungal structures. The tribe encompasses diverse foraging strategies, from generalized debris collection to the conspicuous leaf-cutting behavior of Atta and Acromyrmex species. Attini ants maintain intricate associations with additional microbes, including actinobacteria that produce antibiotics protecting the fungal gardens from pathogens.
Augochlorella neglectula
sweat bee
Augochlorella neglectula is a metallic green sweat bee in the family Halictidae. It is one of sixteen recognized species in the genus Augochlorella, which is distributed across the New World. The species exhibits the bright metallic coloration typical of the tribe Augochlorini, making it visually similar to congeners and other augochlorine bees. Subspecific variation includes the coastal form A. neglectula maritima, though this has been synonymized with the nominate subspecies in some treatments.
Augochloropsis
metallic sweat bees
Augochloropsis is a genus of metallic sweat bees in the family Halictidae, comprising at least 140 described species. These bees are characterized by brilliant metallic coloration, typically bright green or blue-green, though some species exhibit gold, red, or purple hues. The genus displays remarkable behavioral plasticity, with social organization ranging from solitary to communal, semisocial, and primitively eusocial nesting. Augochloropsis is restricted to the New World, with the majority of species occurring in tropical and subtropical regions and a smaller number extending into temperate North America.
Belvosia
Belvosia is a genus of tachinid flies (Diptera: Tachinidae) in the tribe Goniini. The genus contains over 100 species distributed across the New World from Canada to Argentina. Belvosia species are parasitoids of caterpillars, with females laying microtype eggs on host food plant foliage that are ingested by feeding larvae. A 2023 revision described 33 new species from Costa Rica, bringing the total from 72 to 107 species.
Brachylinga pavida
stiletto fly
Brachylinga pavida is a species of stiletto fly in the family Therevidae, originally described by Coquillett in 1893. The species underwent taxonomic revision in 2006, when B. pilosa (Kröber) was synonymized under B. pavida. It belongs to a genus of 24 species distributed in the New World. As a member of the Therevidae, it possesses the characteristic elongated, piercing mouthparts that give stiletto flies their common name.
Brachypeplus
sap beetle
Brachypeplus is a genus of sap-feeding beetles in the family Nitidulidae. The genus contains at least two described species. Detailed life stage descriptions are available for Brachypeplus glaber, including egg, larval, pupal, and adult morphology. DNA barcoding and rearing methods have been used to confirm life stage identifications for this species.
Brachypeplus glaber
Brachypeplus glaber is a species of sap-feeding beetle in the family Nitidulidae, first described by LeConte in 1878. It is the first New World Brachypeplus species for which complete life stage descriptions are available, including egg, larval, pupal, and adult stages. The species is found in North America.
Braconinae
Braconinae is a large subfamily of braconid parasitoid wasps comprising more than 2,000 described species. Members are small to medium-sized wasps, typically dark in coloration though some exhibit red, orange, or pale coloration. They possess cyclostome mouthparts and females usually have a long ovipositor. The subfamily is found worldwide with highest diversity in the Paleotropical region.
parasitoididiobiontectoparasitoidbiocontrolcyclostomeovipositorPaleotropical-diversityLepidoptera-parasitoidColeoptera-parasitoidconcealed-host-larvaevenom-paralysisBracon-brevicornisAtanycolusBaryproctusBraconCeratobraconCoeloidesGlyptomorphaIphiaulaxPseudovipioVipioMegalommumPhylogeny-of-the-Braconinaetribal-classificationAphrastobraconiniBraconiniCoeloidiniCompsobraconiniTropobraconiniVirgulibraconiniAdeshiniArgamaniiniBathyaulaciniEuurobraconiniGlyptomorphiniGnathobraconiniPhysaraiiniRhammuriniVaepelliniMyosotiseiniAspidobraconiniCeratobraconiniVipioniniIphiaulaciniAcanthobraconiniTurkeyIranChinaThailandPakistanAnatoliapistachio-longhorn-beetleCalchaenesthes-pistacivoraScolytidaeCurculionidaeBuprestidaeconiferous-treesbroadleaved-treesMalaise-traplight-trappinghost-carrying-behaviorPycnobraconoidesTrigastrothecaPhysaraiaNesaulaxCurreiaEndovipioAmyosomaMegacoeloidesAlienoclypeusAtanycolus-insolitusBracon-amaculatusBracon-quadrimaculatusBracon-rhinchitiBracon-murgabensisBracon-querceusBracon-karakumicusBracon-hylobiiBracon-irkutensisBracon-longiantennatusBracon-longigenisCoeloides-sordidatorGlyptomorpha-disparBracon-selviaeBracon-bachtiaeBracon-dersimensisGlyptomorpha-nachitshevanicaChelonus-erythrogasterCoeloides-glaboventrisCoeloides-longquanusCoeloides-flavusCoeloides-changbaiensisMegalommum-pistacivoraeMegalommum-xanthocepsMegalommum-jacobsoniMegalommum-ayyariMegalommum-philippinenseMegalommum-dodecanesiMegalommum-ceresenseMegalommum-inareatumMegalommum-antefurcaleMegalommum-tibialePhysaraia-nanensisPhysaraia-panhaiPhysaraia-sakaeratensisPhysaraia-sinensisPhysaraia-sumatranaPhysaraia-tigeriTrigastrotheca-doiphukhaensisTrigastrotheca-pariyanonthaeTrigastrotheca-sureerataeTrigastrotheca-tridentataDoi-Phu-Kha-National-ParkArdahanErzurumIğdırKarsKastamonuTunceliFars-provinceNan-provinceSakaeratZhejiang-UniversityChinese-Academy-of-ForestryDNA-barcodingBOLD-SystemsBugGuide.netWikispeciesWikimedia-CommonsEncyclopedia-of-LifeSystematic-EntomologyZootaxaZooKeysCheck-ListJournal-of-Hymenoptera-ResearchJournal-of-Animal-and-Plant-SciencesPMC11214016PMC1287356828S-rRNACOI16S-rRNA18S-rRNAEF-1αCADelongation-factor-1-alphacytochrome-c-oxidase-subunit-Imitochondrialnuclearmolecular-phylogenymorphological-phylogenymonophyletictribus-novcomb.-novsp.-novsyn.-novincertae-sedisNew-WorldOld-WorldAustralianWest-PalaearcticOrientalIndo-AustralianAsian-TurkeyEuropean-Turkeybiogeographical-provinceszoogeographical-regionschecklistfaunisticstaxonomysystematicsrevisionnew-speciesnew-recordsnew-combinationsnew-synonymsnew-tribepreliminary-keydichotomous-keydiagnostic-characterstype-specimenvoucher-specimenholotypeparatypefemale-specimenadult-specimenlight-trapaerial-netfield-collection2011-20141980-2009observationiNaturalist14342-observationsBrechmorhoga
clubskimmers
Brechmorhoga is a genus of dragonflies in the family Libellulidae, commonly called clubskimmers due to their widened abdominal segments resembling those of clubtail dragonflies (Gomphidae). The genus was established by Kirby in 1894 and contains approximately 16 species distributed in the Americas. Members can be distinguished from true clubtails by their contiguous eyes, a characteristic feature of skimmers. The genus includes notable species such as the pale-faced clubskimmer (B. mendax), masked clubskimmer (B. pertinax), and slender clubskimmer (B. praecox).
Bucrates
conehead katydids
Bucrates is a genus of conehead katydids (Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae) in the tribe Copiphorini, established by Burmeister in 1838. Species in this genus are characterized by their elongated, cone-shaped heads and are found in both North and South America. The genus has been documented in the southeastern and southwestern United States as well as parts of Brazil.
Calomantispinae
Calomantispinae is a subfamily of mantidflies (Mantispidae, Neuroptera) characterized by distinctive morphological features that distinguish them from the larger Mantispinae subfamily. The subfamily contains multiple genera distributed across Australia and the New World, including the endemic New World genus Nolima and Australian genera such as Calomantispa and Asperala. Species within this subfamily are small to moderate-sized neuropterans with raptorial forelegs convergent with those of praying mantises.
Calyxochaetus
Calyxochaetus is a genus of long-legged flies in the family Dolichopodidae, subfamily Sympycninae. Formerly treated as a subgenus of Sympycnus, it is now recognized as a distinct genus containing 36 species in the New World. The genus was revised in 2024, with species organized into five species groups based on morphological characters.
Carcharodini
Carcharodini is a tribe of skipper butterflies within the subfamily Pyrginae, comprising approximately 35 genera distributed throughout tropical regions worldwide. The group is considered plesiomorphic and morphologically inconspicuous compared to other Pyrginae tribes. Taxonomic boundaries have been revised based on phylogenetic studies to maintain monophyly, with Carcharodini now treated as distinct from the historically broader Pyrgini. Members occur in both New World and Afrotropical regions, with most genera restricted to the Americas.
Catabenoides
Catabenoides is a genus of owlet moths (Noctuidae) established in 2002 by Poole. The genus was created to accommodate five species previously placed in Catabena and has since expanded to 14 recognized species. It is a New World genus with a xerophytic distribution spanning arid and semi-arid regions from the southern United States through Mexico to South America.
Centruroides
bark scorpion, bark scorpions
Centruroides is a highly speciose genus of buthid scorpions comprising at least 100 species distributed throughout the southern United States, Mexico, Central America, the Antilles, and northern South America. Commonly known as bark scorpions, members of this genus are notable for their strong fluorescence under ultraviolet light—except immediately after moulting—and several species possess venom potent enough to cause human fatalities. The genus includes species adapted to diverse habitats ranging from tropical rainforests to arid regions, with some showing marked intra-domiciliary tendencies in urban environments.
Ceratocampinae
Royal Moths
Ceratocampinae is a subfamily of giant silk moths in the family Saturniidae, commonly known as royal moths. Species are found exclusively in the New World. The subfamily includes large, strikingly colored moths with reduced or vestigial adult mouthparts; adults do not feed. Larvae are typically large and often bear prominent horns or tubercles, though they are harmless despite their fierce appearance. Representative genera include Citheronia (regal moth), Eacles (imperial moth), and Anisota.
Chlosyne janais
crimson patch, janais patch
Chlosyne janais is a common New World butterfly in the family Nymphalidae, known as the crimson patch or janais patch. It ranges from Colombia north through Central America and Mexico to southern Texas, with occasional sightings extending into northern Texas and southeastern Mexico. The species inhabits lowland tropical to subtropical forest edges, fields, and riparian areas. Adults feed on flower nectar, while larvae feed gregariously on acanthus shrubs, particularly Anisacanthus wrightii and Odontonema callistachyus. Reproduction is continuous in the tropics; in temperate areas, multiple broods occur from July to November.
Chrosiothes
Chrosiothes is a genus of comb-footed spiders in the family Theridiidae, established by Eugène Louis Simon in 1894. The genus contains 27 species distributed primarily in the New World, with most species occurring from the United States to Brazil. Males are noticeably smaller than females, with females of C. jamaicensis measuring approximately 2.9 mm compared to 1.6 mm for males. The genus is considered a senior synonym of Theridiotis.
Chyphotes evansi
Chyphotes evansi is a species of wasp in the family Bradynobaenidae, a group of aculeate Hymenoptera. The genus Chyphotes is endemic to the New World, with species distributed primarily in arid and semi-arid regions of North and South America. Bradynobaenidae are solitary wasps, and like other members of this family, Chyphotes species are likely parasitoids or predators, though specific biological details for C. evansi remain poorly documented. The species was named in honor of the entomologist Howard E. Evans.
Chyphotidae
Chyphotid Wasps
Chyphotidae is a small family of wasps in the order Hymenoptera, recently separated from Bradynobaenidae based on molecular and morphological studies. The family contains two subfamilies: Chyphotinae (nocturnal) and Typhoctinae (diurnal). Females are wingless and resemble velvet ants (Mutillidae), but can be distinguished by a visible suture between the pronotum and mesonotum. Biological knowledge remains extremely limited, with only a single confirmed host association documented.
Clausicella
Clausicella is a genus of tachinid flies (Diptera: Tachinidae) established by Rondani in 1856. The genus contains at least 18 described species distributed across the Americas, with records from North America through South America. As members of the tribe Leskiini within subfamily Tachininae, these flies are parasitoids, though specific host associations remain poorly documented for most species.
Climaciella
wasp mantidflies
Climaciella is a genus of wasp mantidflies in the family Mantispidae, comprising approximately 10 described species distributed from North America through Central America to South America and parts of the Caribbean. Adults are notable for their striking Batesian mimicry of polistine paper wasps (Vespidae), featuring a constricted "wasp waist," wings folded longitudinally over the back rather than pitched roof-like, and darkened wing bases that simulate the longitudinal fold of vespid wings. The genus is best known from the common and widespread species C. brunnea, which has been extensively studied for its unique life history involving obligate spider egg-sac parasitism.
Condica n-sp-three
Condica n-sp-three is an undescribed species within the genus Condica, a group of moths in the family Noctuidae. As a provisional designation ("n-sp-three"), this taxon has not received formal scientific description and lacks published morphological or ecological documentation. The genus Condica comprises small to medium-sized owlet moths primarily distributed in the New World. Species in this genus are generally nocturnal and exhibit cryptic coloration.
Conura
Conura is a large genus of chalcidid wasps comprising over 300 described species, with approximately 295 species occurring in the New World. The genus is divided into three subgenera and 63 species groups based on morphological patterns. Species exhibit diverse life history strategies including primary parasitism of lepidopteran pupae and hyperparasitism through other parasitoid wasps.
Coptocycla
Coptocycla is a genus of tortoise beetles in the family Chrysomelidae, subfamily Cassidinae. The genus contains approximately 58 described species. Members of this genus are leaf beetles characterized by their distinctive body form, with the elytra and pronotum expanded to cover the body margins. These beetles are primarily found in the Americas.
Cosmetidae
Pied Harvestmen
Cosmetidae is one of the largest families of harvestmen (Opiliones), comprising over 700 species across 125+ genera. The family is endemic to the New World with a Nearctic-Neotropical distribution, reaching its greatest diversity in Mexico, Central America, and northern South America, particularly the Andean regions. The northern range extends into the southern United States. The family name derives from the Greek 'kosmetós' meaning 'ornate,' referring to the elaborate white, yellow, or occasionally green, orange, or red markings on the dorsal body. The family has undergone substantial taxonomic revision, with seven subfamilies currently recognized following phylogenetic analyses.
Crenitulus suturalis
Crenitulus suturalis is a small water scavenger beetle (family Hydrophilidae) with a broad distribution across the Americas, ranging from the eastern and central United States through Central America to South America. The species was originally described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1866 and has been historically confused with or included in discussions of darkling beetles due to taxonomic name similarities with unrelated species. As a member of the subfamily Chaetarthriinae, it occupies moist or aquatic microhabitats distinct from the arid-adapted darkling beetles with which it shares no close relationship.
Creontiades rubrinervis
Creontiades rubrinervis is a plant bug species in the family Miridae, first described by Stål in 1862. It has a broad distribution across the Americas, with records from the United States through Central America to South America. The species is part of a genus whose members are generally associated with vegetation, though specific ecological details for this species remain limited.
Crypticerya
fluted scales, channeled mealybugs
Crypticerya is a genus of giant scale insects in the family Monophlebidae, comprising 28 described species as of 2024. All species are native to the Americas. The genus was established by Cockerell in 1895 as a subgenus of Icerya, elevated to genus rank in 1899, synonymized in 1926, and revived in 2008. Species in this genus are commonly known as "fluted scales" or "channeled mealybugs" due to the longitudinal grooves or channels present on the ovisacs of species that produce them. Many species are significant agricultural and urban pests.
Curius
Curius is a genus of longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae) and the sole genus in the tribe Curiini. It contains four described species distributed in the Americas. The genus was established by Newman in 1840. Members are classified in the subfamily Cerambycinae, a diverse group of wood-boring beetles.
Cuterebra
rodent bots, Glire Bot Flies
Cuterebra is a genus of New World bot flies (subfamily Cuterebrinae) comprising approximately 78 species that parasitize rodents and lagomorphs. Adults are large, robust flies resembling bumble bees, with non-functional mouthparts and short lifespans devoted entirely to reproduction. Females oviposit near host burrow entrances; larvae hatch in response to host body heat, enter through natural orifices or wounds, and develop subcutaneously for approximately one month before exiting to pupate in soil. The genus exhibits notable host specificity, with individual species typically restricted to single host species or closely related groups.
Cuterebra atrox
Cuterebra atrox is a species of New World skin bot fly in the family Oestridae. Like other members of the genus Cuterebra, it is a parasitic fly whose larvae develop subcutaneously in mammalian hosts. The species was described by Clark in 1848. Adults are rarely encountered in the field and do not feed, lacking functional mouthparts.
Cuterebra bajensis
Cuterebra bajensis is a species of New World skin bot fly in the family Oestridae, described by Sabrosky in 1986. The species belongs to a genus of obligate mammalian parasites whose larvae develop subcutaneously in rodents and lagomorphs. Adults are rarely encountered in the field and do not feed.
Cuterebra buccata
rabbit bot fly
Cuterebra buccata is a New World bot fly in the family Oestridae, commonly known as the rabbit bot fly. Adults are large, bumble bee-sized flies that lack functional mouthparts and do not feed. The species is host-specific to lagomorphs, particularly cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus). Larvae develop subcutaneously in warbles, feeding on host fluids rather than tissue. Adults are rarely encountered in the field and have short lifespans focused on reproduction.
bot-flymyiasisparasitelagomorphrabbitOestridaeCuterebrinaebumble-bee-mimicrywarblesubcutaneous-parasitehost-specificnon-feeding-adultpupariumCuterebraSylvilaguscottontail-rabbitNew-WorldNorth-AmericaVirginiaMissouriVermontspring-emergencelate-summer-prevalencerarely-encounteredshort-lived-adultevolutionary-coevolutionbenign-parasitismsoil-pupationlarval-migrationsubcutaneous-developmentDipteraInsectaentomologymedical-entomologyveterinary-entomologywildlife-diseaseparasitologyhost-parasite-interactioncuterebridrabbit-parasitelagomorph-parasitebotwarble-flygadflyOestrus-buccataFabricius-1775Cuterebra-buccata-(Fabricius,-1775)Cylindridia
Cylindridia is a genus of flower weevils in the family Curculionidae, containing seven valid species. The genus was established by Casey in 1920 and has a broad distribution from Canada to Argentina. At least four species are known to develop within the culms of sedges (Cyperaceae).
Desmiphora
Desmiphora is a genus of longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae: Lamiinae) comprising approximately 50 species distributed across the New World tropics and subtropics. The genus is characterized by distinctive fasciculate tufts (pencils) of erect or suberect hairs on the body. Most species occur in Brazil, with some extending northward to southern Texas. The genus was established by Audinet-Serville in 1835 and includes two subgenera: Antenniphora and Desmiphora.
Desmiphorini
Desmiphorini is a tribe of longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae) within the subfamily Lamiinae, distributed across the New World and Asia. Members are characterized by distinctive tufts or fascicles of erect hairs (pencils) on the body, often functioning in crypsis against bark or foliage. The tribe includes genera such as Desmiphora, Graphidessa, Miccolamia, and Ceiupaba, with species ranging from minute (Miccolamia minuta, considered the smallest cerambycid in China) to larger forms. Many species exhibit cryptic coloration matching their host substrates, with some showing potential caterpillar mimicry.
Diasemiodes
Diasemiodes is a genus of small moths in the family Crambidae, subfamily Spilomelinae. The genus was established by Munroe in 1957 and contains at least four described species distributed in the Americas. These moths are part of the diverse grass moth group, though specific ecological details remain limited in the literature.
Diguetidae
coneweb spiders, desertshrub spiders
The Diguetidae are a small family of haplogyne spiders commonly known as coneweb or desertshrub spiders. They are endemic to the New World and primarily associated with arid and desert environments. Members construct distinctive webs featuring a horizontal sheet with a central tubular retreat, often camouflaged with plant debris. The family contains only two genera and approximately 15 species, with the genus Diguetia being the sole representative in North America. These spiders are considered relatively primitive among araneomorphs due to their unmodified female genitalia and simple male pedipalps.
Dikraneurini
Dikraneurini is a diverse tribe of leafhoppers in the subfamily Typhlocybinae, containing 74 genera and 497 valid species worldwide. Members are small, slender, phloem-feeding insects typically 3.0–3.5 mm in length, often with white to yellowish coloration. The tribe is economically significant as it includes potential agricultural pests and belongs to the leafhopper family most associated with plant pathogen transmission. Dikrella mella, a member of this tribe, has been documented as a potential pest of avocado in Mexico.
Dioprosopa
drone flies
Dioprosopa is a genus of hoverflies (family Syrphidae) in the tribe Syrphini, containing two described species found in the New World. The genus was elevated from subgenus rank in 2018 based on phylogenetic studies. Both species occur in tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas, where they contribute to ecosystem services through adult pollination and larval predation on agricultural pests.
Diphleps
jumping tree bugs
Diphleps is a genus of jumping tree bugs in the family Miridae, established by Bergroth in 1924. The genus contains five described species distributed in the New World tropics. Species in this genus are arboreal and possess enlarged hind femora adapted for jumping. The genus is relatively poorly studied compared to other mirid genera.
Diplochaetus
Diplochaetus is a genus of ground beetles in the family Carabidae, established by Chaudoir in 1872. The genus contains at least four described species distributed across North, Central, and South America. Members of this genus belong to the tribe Pogonini within the subfamily Trechinae. These beetles are part of the diverse ground beetle fauna inhabiting various terrestrial environments in the Americas.
Diplotaxis curvaticeps
Diplotaxis curvaticeps is a species of scarab beetle described by Fall in 1909. It belongs to the subfamily Melolonthinae, a group commonly known as May or June beetles and chafers. The species is distributed across parts of Central America and North America, with documented occurrences in the southwestern United States (Texas) and several Mexican states including Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, and Tamaulipas. As a member of the genus Diplotaxis, it is part of a group of small scarab beetles often associated with sandy habitats and nocturnal activity patterns.
Disphragis
Disphragis is a genus of notodontid moths (family Notodontidae, subfamily Heterocampinae) containing approximately 137 species. The genus was erected by Jacob Hübner in 1820 and is restricted to the New World. Species-level taxonomy has been revised in recent decades, with several new species described from Central America.
Distichona
Distichona is a genus of tachinid flies in the family Tachinidae, subfamily Exoristinae, tribe Goniini. The genus was established by Wulp in 1890 and contains eight described species distributed across the Americas. As a member of the Tachinidae, species in this genus are presumably parasitoids, though specific host associations remain undocumented. The genus is rarely encountered, with minimal observational records available.
Donacia cincticornis
Girdle-horned Pond Lily Leaf Beetle
Donacia cincticornis is a species of aquatic leaf beetle in the subfamily Donaciinae, characterized by its association with aquatic vegetation. The species is known from the Caribbean, Central America, and North America. Three subspecies have been described: D. c. cincticornis, D. c. tenuis, and D. c. tryphera. Like other members of the genus Donacia, it is closely tied to freshwater habitats.
Dorcaschema
Dorcaschema is a genus of longhorn beetles in the family Cerambycidae, subfamily Lamiinae. The genus is native to the New World. Species in this genus are characterized by their elongated bodies and long antennae typical of cerambycids. The genus was established by Haldeman in 1847.
Dorymyrmex bicolor
Bicolored Pyramid Ant
Dorymyrmex bicolor is a small ant species (~2-3 mm) in the subfamily Dolichoderinae, commonly known as the bicolored pyramid ant. It exhibits distinctive two-toned coloration and builds conspicuous crater-shaped nest mounds in bare soil. The species lacks a functional sting and instead relies on chemical defense via a slit-like acidopore. Native to arid and semi-arid regions of the Americas, it is a dominant, disturbance-tolerant species with significant ecological roles in seed dispersal and plant germination. Recent phylogeographic studies indicate complex population structure shaped by topographic barriers and incomplete lineage sorting.
Dysmerus
Dysmerus is a genus of small beetles in the family Laemophloeidae, comprising 15 species distributed across the New World from the southeastern United States to Bolivia and the West Indies. The genus remained monotypic for over a century until a 2025 revision resurrected two synonymized species and described 12 new species. Males possess a grotesquely modified antennal scape of unknown function, a diagnostic feature of the genus. These beetles are rarely encountered, though adults occasionally come to light at night.
Ecliminae
Ecliminae is a subfamily of Bombyliidae (bee flies) containing genera distributed across the New World and Australasian/Oceanian regions. The genus Lepidophora is restricted to the New World with eight species, while Marmasoma is endemic to Australia. At least some species exhibit parasitic life histories, with immature stages developing in hymenopteran hosts.
Efferia bicolor
Lesser Mesquite Hammertail
Efferia bicolor is a species of robber fly in the family Asilidae, commonly known as the Lesser Mesquite Hammertail. It belongs to the genus Efferia, a large group of predatory flies found primarily in the Americas. The species was first described by Bellardi in 1861. Like other robber flies, it is an aerial predator that captures other insects in flight.
Efferia rapax
Yellow-haired Hammertail
Efferia rapax is a species of robber fly in the family Asilidae, commonly known as the Yellow-haired Hammertail. Robber flies in this genus are predatory insects known for their aggressive hunting behavior, capturing other insects in flight. The species is part of a large and diverse genus of medium to large-sized robber flies distributed primarily in the New World. Specific biological details for E. rapax are limited in published literature.
Ephuta
Ephuta is a widespread New World genus of velvet ants (Mutillidae) whose ecology remains poorly understood. The genus contains at least nine described species in Panama alone, with additional undescribed morphospecies. Ephuta species exhibit strong seasonal variation in abundance, peaking during the transition from dry to rainy season. As cleptoparasites, they develop in the nests of spider wasps (Pompilidae), with confirmed host records including Auplopus subaurarius in Brazil.
Erythroneurini
Erythroneurini is a diverse tribe of leafhoppers in the subfamily Typhlocybinae, comprising over 180 genera. The tribe has been extensively studied in the New World and southwestern China, with major taxonomic revisions published for genera including Erythroneura, Erasmoneura, Zyginama, Eratoneura, and Erythridula. Species within this tribe exhibit complex synonymies and are associated with woody deciduous vegetation.
Erythrothrips
Erythrothrips is a genus of predatory thrips in the family Aeolothripidae, established by Moulton in 1911. The genus contains approximately 11 described species distributed primarily in the Americas, with species recorded from the southwestern United States through Mexico to Brazil. Members of this genus are predatory, placing them among the beneficial thrips that contribute to biological control of pest insects.
Esenbeckia
horse-fly
Esenbeckia is a genus of horse-flies (family Tabanidae) established by Rondani in 1863. Members are characterized by large, often vividly colored compound eyes and robust body form typical of tabanid flies. The genus is distinct from the plant genus of the same name (family Rutaceae), which was described earlier by Kunth. Species within Esenbeckia are found in the Americas and are diurnal, fast-flying insects.
Euarestoides
Euarestoides is a genus of true fruit flies in the family Tephritidae, established by Benjamin in 1934. The genus comprises six species distributed across the New World, from Canada through the Caribbean and Central America to South America. Species are associated with host plants in the Asteraceae family, particularly ragweeds (Ambrosia), sagebrushes (Hymenoclea), and related genera. The genus was revised taxonomically in 2019, with three new species described from Peru, Brazil, and Colombia.
Eublemma cinnamomea
Eublemma cinnamomea is a small moth in the family Erebidae, first described in 1868. It has a wingspan of approximately 17 mm. The species is widespread across the New World tropics, ranging from the southern United States through Central America to Argentina.
Eucelatoria
Eucelatoria is a genus of tachinid flies (Diptera: Tachinidae) comprising approximately 70 species distributed throughout the Western Hemisphere from southern Canada to northern Argentina. The genus is characterized by distinctive reproductive morphology in females of certain species groups, notably the sword-like piercer found in the E. ferox species group. Species within this genus are parasitoids of Lepidoptera larvae, with documented host associations including Noctuidae (Helicoverpa zea, Heliothis virescens, Heliothis armigera) and Crambidae caterpillars. Several species, particularly E. bryani, have been extensively studied for their potential as biological control agents of agricultural pests.
Euderces
Euderces is a genus of small longhorn beetles in the family Cerambycidae, characterized by remarkable ant-mimicry. Most species measure less than 5 mm in length and exhibit Batesian mimicry of ants, particularly species of Camponotus. The genus has its center of diversity in southern Mexico and Guatemala, with species distributed from North America through South America. Notable examples include E. velutinus, which closely resembles the tropical ant Camponotus sericeiventris. Four species occur in the United States.
Eumorpha
sphinx moths, hawk moths
Eumorpha is a New World genus of sphinx moths (Sphingidae) comprising 26 described species distributed primarily across North, Central, and South America. The genus is characterized by variable larval eyespots—circular markings on the posterior body segments that function in predator deterrence. Molecular phylogenetic studies indicate Eumorpha originated in Central and South America and subsequently expanded into North America. Adults are medium to large hawkmoths with rapid, agile flight; many species are crepuscular or nocturnal flower visitors. Larvae are hornworms that feed primarily on members of the grape family (Vitaceae), though host plant associations vary among species.
Euphalerus
Euphalerus is a genus of jumping plant lice (psyllids) in the family Psyllidae, first described by Schwarz in 1904. Members of this genus are small sap-feeding insects that inhabit the New World tropics and subtropics. The genus is distinguished by specific wing venation patterns and genitalic structures characteristic of the Psyllidae family. Euphalerus species are associated with various host plants, though specific associations remain incompletely documented.
Euphoria
flower chafers, fruit chafers
Euphoria is a genus of scarab beetles in the subfamily Cetoniinae, commonly known as flower or fruit chafers. The genus contains 59 species as of 2012 and is native to the Americas, with its highest diversity in Mexico and Central America. These beetles are characterized by their association with flowers and fruits, where adults feed and aggregate.
Euphorticus
Euphorticus is a genus of ground beetles in the family Carabidae, established by G.Horn in 1881. It belongs to the tribe Lachnophorini within the subfamily Lebiinae. The genus contains five described species distributed across the Americas, from the United States to South America.
Eurysphindus
Eurysphindus is a genus of cryptic slime mold beetles in the family Sphindidae, established by J.L. LeConte in 1878. The genus comprises eight described species distributed primarily in the New World, with most species described or revised by McHugh in 1993. Species within this genus are small, inconspicuous beetles associated with myxomycete (slime mold) fruiting bodies. The genus was comprehensively revised by McHugh (1993), who described four new species and redescribed three others.
Foxia
Foxia is a genus of cleptoparasitic wasps in the family Crabronidae, subfamily Bembicinae. The genus comprises 10 described species distributed across arid regions of the New World, from the United States south through Chile and Argentina. These wasps are obligate cleptoparasites, meaning they exploit the nests and provisions of other wasp species rather than constructing their own nests or hunting prey directly.
Galeopsomyia
Galeopsomyia is a New World genus of minute parasitoid wasps in the family Eulophidae. Species within this genus function as hyperparasitoids, attacking gall-inducing wasps of the genera Eurytoma and Torymus, and have been documented as parasitoids of gall midges (Cecidomyiidae) and the citrus leafminer. A notable species was fortuitously discovered providing biological control of the citrus pest Phyllocnistis citrella. The genus exhibits intraspecific phenotypic matching in ovipositor size relative to gall thickness.
Gibbobruchus
pea and bean weevils, seed beetles
Gibbobruchus is a genus of seed beetles in the subfamily Bruchinae (Chrysomelidae), first described by Pic in 1913. The genus contains approximately seven described species distributed in the Americas. Members are primarily associated with seeds of Bauhinia (Fabaceae) and related genera in the tribe Cercideae. The genus has been subject to recent taxonomic revision, with new species described from the Amazon basin and phylogenetic analyses supporting monophyly and distinct species groups.
Glenurus
Picture-winged Antlions
Glenurus is a New World genus of antlions in the family Myrmeleontidae, comprising approximately 12 described species. The genus is distinguished by striking wing patterning, with some species displaying black, white, and pink wingtips. Adults are delicate, slender insects with lacy wings that superficially resemble damselflies but possess short, thick, clubbed antennae. The common name "picture-winged antlions" refers to this distinctive wing coloration.
Goniotropis
Goniotropis is a genus of ground beetles in the family Carabidae, subfamily Paussinae, containing at least 40 described species. Adults are large, parallel-sided beetles found in the New World tropics. Larvae are burrow-dwelling predators with a distinctive terminal disk composed of modified urogomphi and dorsal plates. The genus ranges from southern Arizona to northern Argentina.
Halysidota
tussock moths
Halysidota is a genus of arctiine tussock moths in the family Erebidae, erected by Jacob Hübner in 1819. The genus contains approximately 40 described species distributed primarily in the Americas, with records from the United States through Central and South America to the Caribbean. Several species are well-known, including Halysidota tessellaris (pale tiger moth or banded tussock moth) and Halysidota harrisii (sycamore tussock moth). The genus has been subject to ongoing taxonomic revision, with new species and subspecies described as recently as 2017.
Haplaxius
Haplaxius is a genus of cixiid planthoppers (Hemiptera: Cixiidae) in the tribe Oecleini, containing at least 60 described species with a New World distribution. The genus was reinstated by Emeljanov in 1989 for New World species formerly placed in Myndus. Several species are economically significant as vectors of phytoplasmas causing lethal diseases in palms. Haplaxius crudus transmits Candidatus Phytoplasma palmae, the causal agent of lethal yellowing in coconut palms and lethal wilt in oil palms, causing substantial agricultural losses in the Caribbean, Central America, South America, and the southern United States.
Haplorhynchites pseudomexicanus
Haplorhynchites pseudomexicanus is a species of leaf-rolling weevil in the family Attelabidae. The genus Haplorhynchites comprises approximately 40 species distributed primarily in the New World, with most species occurring in Central and South America. H. pseudomexicanus was described by Hamilton in 1974 and is currently known from limited collection records. Like other attelabid weevils, members of this genus are associated with various host plants where adults feed on foliage and females prepare leaf rolls or other structures for oviposition.
Heilipus
pine weevils
Heilipus is a genus of New World weevils in the family Curculionidae, containing over 280 described species distributed from the southern United States to northern Argentina. The genus is characterized by two primary feeding guilds: seed borers that develop within fruits of Lauraceae, and trunk borers that tunnel into stems of host trees. Several species are significant agricultural pests, particularly of avocado (Persea americana) and other commercial crops. The Brazilian Atlantic Forest has been proposed as a possible center of origin for the genus based on high diversity of both weevils and host plants.
Hemiscolopendra
bark centipedes
Hemiscolopendra is a genus of bark centipedes in the family Scolopendridae, comprising approximately six described species distributed across North, Central, and South America. These centipedes are commonly found in wooded habitats where they inhabit bark, leaf litter, and other decaying organic matter. The genus was established by Kraepelin in 1903 and represents a moderately diverse lineage within the large-bodied scolopendrid centipedes.
Heraclides
New World Giant Swallowtails and Allies
Heraclides is a genus of swallowtail butterflies (family Papilionidae) native to the Americas, commonly referred to as the New World Giant Swallowtails and Allies. These are large, conspicuous butterflies often with bold black and yellow or black and green coloration. The genus includes species formerly classified under Papilio subgenus Heraclides, now generally treated as a distinct genus based on morphological and molecular evidence. Members are known for their strong flight and association with citrus and related host plants.
Herdoniini
Herdoniini is a tribe of plant bugs within the family Miridae, subfamily Mirinae. The tribe comprises approximately eight genera and more than thirty described species, though some sources cite fewer described species. Genera include Barberiella, Closterocoris, Cyphopelta, Dacerla, Heidemanniella, Mexicomiris, Paradacerla, and Paraxenetus. Members are small to medium-sized true bugs with the characteristic piercing-sucking mouthparts of the family.
Heterachthes
Heterachthes is a genus of longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae) established by Newman in 1840. It belongs to the tribe Tropidini within the subfamily Cerambycinae. The genus contains multiple species distributed in the Americas, with records from Colombia and the United States (Vermont). As with other cerambycines, members are wood-boring beetles whose larvae develop in plant material.
Heza
Heza is a genus of assassin bugs in the family Reduviidae, first described in 1843. The genus contains more than 30 described species distributed throughout the Americas. These insects are predatory true bugs belonging to the subfamily Harpactorinae, one of the most diverse groups within Reduviidae.
Hoplandriini
Hoplandriini rove beetles
Hoplandriini is a tribe of small rove beetles (Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) containing at least 5 genera and 21 described species. The tribe includes the genus Microlia, whose members are pollen-feeders frequently associated with flowers of Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae, Asteraceae, and Monimiaceae. Some species, such as Microlia cayaponia, have been observed foraging on Cayaponia flowers and may compete with pollinators for pollen resources. The tribe occurs in the New World and Australasia.
Hypomicrogaster
Hypomicrogaster is a genus of braconid wasps in the subfamily Microgastrinae, containing over 40 described species. The genus was taxonomically revised in 2015, with 40 new species described and four previously named species redescribed. Species in this genus are parasitoids of Lepidoptera, with documented associations to 11 lepidopteran families and 52 confirmed host species feeding on 34 plant families. The genus is distributed across North, Central, and South America.
Issinae
Issinae is a subfamily of planthoppers within the family Issidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea). The group contains multiple tribes including the recently erected Picumnini and subtribe Duroidina within Parahiraciini. Taxonomic revisions continue to clarify relationships within this subfamily, particularly regarding New World taxa. The subfamily is characterized by specific morphological features including wing venation and body form typical of the Issidae family.
Labena
Labena is a genus of ichneumon wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, subfamily Labeninae. The genus contains at least 40 described species distributed primarily in the New World. Species have been documented from North America through Central America, including the Yucatán Peninsula. Labena species are associated with wood-boring beetles, with at least one species documented in proximity to the cerambycid Callidiellum rufipenne.
Laniifera
Laniifera is a genus of snout moths (family Crambidae, subfamily Spilomelinae) containing two species: L. cyclades and L. rawlinsi. The genus was erected by George Hampson in 1899 with Pachynoa cyclades Druce, 1895 as type species. The caterpillars of L. cyclades are specialized feeders on Opuntia cacti and are recognized as pests of commercial prickly pear cultivation.
Lepidophora
bee flies
Lepidophora is a genus of bee flies in the family Bombyliidae, comprising eight described species restricted to the New World. The genus exhibits a distinctive hunch-backed body shape and includes species with notable mimicry patterns. Larvae are kleptoparasites of solitary wasp nests, usurping provisions rather than parasitizing larvae directly. Adults are commonly observed feeding on nectar from flowers.
Leschenaultia
Leschenaultia is a genus of tachinid flies comprising approximately 35 described species distributed across the New World, from Canada to Argentina. Species in this genus are parasitoids of Lepidoptera, with documented hosts spanning at least seven families including Lasiocampidae, Erebidae, Noctuidae, and Saturniidae. The genus has been studied primarily for its role in biological control of forest tent caterpillar and other caterpillar pests. Female flies locate hosts using volatile cues from damaged plants and host frass, with oviposition strategies varying between macrotype eggs deposited directly on host integument and microtype eggs placed on foliage.
Leschenaultia bicolor
Leschenaultia bicolor is a tachinid fly parasitoid that attacks lepidopteran caterpillars. Females deposit microtype eggs on leaves, which are ingested by host caterpillars during feeding. The species has been recorded from multiple Halysidota species (Erebidae) and is distributed across the New World from Canada to Argentina. A 2020 study provided the first description and illustration of male and female terminalia for this species.
Libytheana
New World Snouts
Libytheana is a genus of nymphalid butterflies in the snout butterfly subfamily Libytheinae, established by Michener in 1943. The genus comprises four species, with Libytheana carinenta (American snout) being the most widespread and migratory, occurring across North and South America. The remaining three species—L. terena, L. motya, and L. fulvescens—are restricted to the Caribbean. These butterflies are characterized by their distinctive elongated labial palps that form a prominent "snout," a defining feature of the subfamily.
Limonethe
Limonethe is a genus of ichneumon wasps in the family Ichneumonidae containing approximately five described species. Members of this genus are distributed throughout the New World from Canada to Argentina. The genus is characterized by distinctive morphological features including a nearly square-shaped areolet and large, dense punctures on the post-petiole. Many species exhibit infuscated wings, a red abdomen, and a black head and mesosoma with narrow white markings along the inner eye margins.
Lutzomyia
phlebotomine sand flies, New World sand flies
Lutzomyia is a genus of phlebotomine sand flies comprising nearly 400 species, restricted to the New World. At least 33 species have documented medical importance as vectors of human disease. The genus is one of only two in the subfamily Phlebotominae that transmit Leishmania parasites, the causative agents of leishmaniasis. Lutzomyia species also vector Carrion's disease (bartonellosis) and various arboviruses.
Madura
Madura is a genus of leaf-footed bugs (Coreidae) described by Stål in 1860. These true bugs belong to the subfamily Hydarinae and are found in the New World tropics and subtropics, with records from Mexico, the Caribbean, Panama, and Texas. The genus comprises multiple species of medium to large-sized heteropterans characterized by their expanded hind tibiae and leaf-like expansions on the hind legs typical of the family Coreidae.
Mastinocerini
Mastinocerini is a tribe of glow-worm beetles within the family Phengodidae, comprising at least 190 described species across 24 genera. Members of this tribe are distributed primarily in the New World, with significant diversity in Central and South America. The tribe was established by LeConte in 1881 and includes the type genus Mastinocerus. These beetles are notable for their bioluminescent larvae, which use light production to lure prey.
Mastogenius
Mastogenius is a genus of minute jewel beetles (family Buprestidae) characterized by extremely small body size—adults measure approximately 2 mm in length. The genus contains approximately 40 described species distributed across the Americas, from the southwestern United States through Central America and into South America. Adults are typically collected by beating oak foliage, and at least one species has been recorded from Florida sand oak (Quercus geminata). The genus is among the smallest buprestids in North America, making field identification challenging without close examination.
Mecidea
narrow stink bugs
Mecidea is a genus of narrow-bodied stink bugs (Pentatomidae) comprising eight described species. It is the sole genus in the tribe Mecideini native to the New World. Species are grass-feeding specialists found in xeric and semiarid grasslands, with documented activity throughout the year including winter months. The genus has been studied primarily through life history work on M. major and M. minor in the southwestern United States.
Megaderus
Megaderus is a genus of long-horned beetles (Cerambycidae) first described by Dejean in 1821. The genus contains at least two described species: Megaderus bifasciatus, distributed across North and Central America, and Megaderus stigma, found in South and Central America. Both species are classified within the subfamily Cerambycinae and tribe Trachyderini. The genus is represented by 352 observations on iNaturalist, indicating moderate documentation in citizen science records.
Megalopygidae
New World Flannel Moths, Flannel Moths, Crinkled Flannel Moths
Megalopygidae is a family of moths occurring in North America and the New World tropics, with larvae commonly known as puss caterpillars or asps. The caterpillars are covered in long, soft hairs that conceal hollow venomous spines capable of delivering severe stings. The family contains two subfamilies in the United States: Megalopyginae (genus Megalopyge, 7 species) and Trosiinae (genera Norape and Trosia, 5 species). The venom system is unique among Lepidoptera, consisting of aerolysin-like pore-forming toxins called megalysins that were recruited via horizontal gene transfer from bacteria.
Melipotis indomita
Indomitable Melipotis, Indomitable Graphic Moth
Melipotis indomita is a moth in the family Erebidae, first described by Francis Walker in 1858. It is widely distributed across the Americas, ranging from the West Indies and Mexico through much of the United States. The species has a wingspan of 40–55 mm and produces multiple generations per year. Larvae feed exclusively on Prosopis species.
Melipotis januaris
January melipotis moth, January Graphic
Melipotis januaris is a moth species in the family Erebidae, first described by Achille Guenée in 1852. It exhibits a broad New World distribution spanning the Caribbean, Florida, and from Mexico to Paraguay. Adults have a wingspan of approximately 35 mm. The larvae are known to feed on Inga laurina.
Messatoporus
Messatoporus is a large New World genus of ichneumonid wasps in the subfamily Cryptinae, comprising 89 valid species. The genus is monophyletic and distinguished by a unique combination of morphological synapomorphies including specialized mandible structure and propodeal features. Species exhibit a morphological gradient from forms resembling other Osprynchotina to a highly derived morphotype with convergent traits similar to Gabuniina, interpreted as adaptations for locating and accessing deeply concealed hosts.
Messatoporus rufiventris
Messatoporus rufiventris Cushman, 1929 is a species of ichneumon wasp in the subfamily Cryptinae. It was originally described as a valid species but has been synonymized under Messatoporus discoidalis (Cresson) based on a 2013 revision of the genus. The genus Messatoporus is a large New World group containing 89 recognized species, characterized by distinctive morphological features including a long tapered mandible with reduced ventral tooth and a specialized ovipositor structure. No specific biological or ecological data has been documented for M. rufiventris itself.
Metacanthus multispinus
Green Stilt Bug
Metacanthus multispinus is a stilt bug in the family Berytidae, commonly known as the Green Stilt Bug. It has a broad distribution across the Americas, ranging from the southern United States through Mexico, Central America, and into northern South America. The species is characterized by the elongated, slender legs typical of stilt bugs, which elevate the body above the substrate.
Metacyrba
Metacyrba is a genus of jumping spiders (family Salticidae) established by Frederick Octavius Pickard-Cambridge in 1901. The genus name derives from Greek μετά ('after, beside') combined with the related salticid genus Cyrba. It contains seven species and one subspecies distributed across the Americas, from the United States through Mexico and the Caribbean to northern South America.
Metanema
Metanema is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae, subfamily Ennominae. The genus was erected by Achille Guenée in 1857 (published 1858) and currently contains approximately 14 described species distributed primarily in the Americas. Species within this genus are part of the diverse geometrid moth fauna, commonly known as inchworm or geometer moths due to the characteristic looping locomotion of their larvae.
Microctenochira
Microctenochira is a genus of tortoise beetles in the family Chrysomelidae, containing at least 110 described species. Members of this genus exhibit the characteristic domed carapace of tortoise beetles, with some species possessing translucent elytra with opaque patterns. The genus occurs in the New World tropics, with documented observations from Costa Rica and other Central American regions. Larvae of at least some species construct protective structures from shed exoskeletons and fecal material.
Microlia
Microlia is a small genus of rove beetles (Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Hoplandriini) comprising approximately twelve species. The genus has a disjunct distribution across Australasian and New World regions, with recent records from Brazil representing the first South American occurrences. Members of this genus are obligate pollen-feeders, with multiple species documented in association with flowers of Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae, Asteraceae, and Monimiaceae.
Micropholcus
cellar spiders
Micropholcus is a genus of cellar spiders (Pholcidae) characterized by long legs and relatively fragile bodies. It is one of only two pholcid genera with both Old and New World distributions, though morphological and ecological differences exist between geographic groups. The genus currently contains at least 29 species, with major taxonomic revisions in 2014 (transfers from Leptopholcus) and 2024 (description of twelve new Old World species). The type species M. fauroti has a pantropical distribution and has been introduced globally.
Microtomus luctuosus
Tamaulipan White-winged Assassin
Microtomus luctuosus is a species of assassin bug in the family Reduviidae, native to the Americas. It belongs to the subfamily Hammacerinae, which includes species commonly known as bark assassin bugs. The species has been recorded across a broad geographic range spanning North, Central, and South America. Like other members of its genus, it is likely associated with woodland habitats and cryptic microhabitats such as beneath bark. The specific epithet 'luctuosus' (Latin for 'mournful' or 'sorrowful') may refer to its coloration.
Micrutalini
Micrutalini is a tribe of treehoppers (Hemiptera: Membracidae: Smiliinae) containing two genera: Micrutalis and Trachytalis. The tribe is distinguished by exceptionally small fifth-instar nymphs (3.0–3.5 mm) and unique morphological features including ventrolateral scoli in some species—a condition unknown elsewhere in Smiliinae. Nymphs are cryptic, solitary, and not associated with ants. The tribe occurs throughout much of the Americas and the West Indies.
Myrmedonota
Myrmedonota is a genus of rove beetles (Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) first described by Cameron in 1920. The genus was first recorded from Mexico in 2013 with the description of two new species, M. shimmerale and M. xipe. Members of this genus exhibit myrmecophilous associations, aggregating toward agitated ants and potentially preying on them. The genus is suggested to be more diverse in the New World than previously recognized, though its taxonomy remains in a state of confusion.
Neivamyrmex
Legionary Ants
Neivamyrmex is a genus of New World army ants comprising approximately 129 species. Colonies are nomadic, establishing temporary bivouacs nightly rather than constructing permanent nests. Most species are predominantly subterranean, with occasional surface foraging at night or during overcast conditions. The genus is distinguished from related army ants by workers lacking a subapical tooth on the tarsal claw.
Neocallotillus
Calloused Clerids
Neocallotillus is a genus of checkered beetles in the family Cleridae, subfamily Tillinae. It was erected in 2016 by Burke and Zolnerowich to accommodate species formerly placed in Callotillus. The genus is distinguished by specific morphological features of the pronotum and elytra. It occurs in arid and semi-arid regions of the southwestern United States and Mexico.
Neoplea
pygmy backswimmers
Neoplea is a genus of minute aquatic predatory true bugs in the family Pleidae, commonly known as pygmy backswimmers. The genus contains at least 25 described species distributed across North and South America, with numerous undescribed species. Members are small-bodied (approximately 1.5 mm), active predators in lentic freshwater habitats. The best-studied species, Neoplea striola, has been investigated for its potential role in trophic cascades in fishless subtropical ponds.
Neorileya
Neorileya is a genus of minute parasitoid wasps in the family Eurytomidae, subfamily Rileyinae. These micro-Hymenoptera are egg parasitoids of true bugs (Hemiptera), with documented hosts in Coreidae, Pentatomidae, and Reduviidae. The genus contains at least seven described species distributed across the New World from central California to Argentina. Neorileya species develop as endoparasitoids within host eggs, with some species causing significant mortality in agricultural pest populations.
Neoscona oaxacensis
Western Spotted Orbweaver, Zig-zag Spider
Neoscona oaxacensis is a large orb-weaving spider distributed across the Americas from the United States to South America, including the Galápagos Islands. Females reach 9–18 mm in body length, males 6–13 mm. The species exhibits highly variable dorsal abdominal patterning, with a distinctive black-and-white pattern that aids identification. It constructs spiral orb webs to capture flying insects and is active primarily from late spring through autumn. The species was first described from Oaxaca, Mexico in 1863.
Neotuerta
Neotuerta is a genus of moths in the family Noctuidae, subfamily Agaristinae. The genus was established by Sergius G. Kiriakoff in 1976. It comprises at least five described species distributed across the Americas, from the southern United States through Central America and the Caribbean to South America. The genus appears to be associated with dry or sandy habitats based on species epithets and collection localities.
New-genus-on-dichanthelium
New-genus-on-dichanthelium is a genus of delphacid planthoppers in the family Delphacidae. The genus name derives from its association with host plants in the genus Dichanthelium, a group of panic grasses. Delphacids are characterized by a movable spur on the hind tibia, an adaptation for jumping. Species in this genus appear to be specialized feeders on Dichanthelium grasses.
Niesthrea
scentless plant bugs, hibiscus scentless plant bugs
Niesthrea is a genus of scentless plant bugs in the family Rhopalidae, tribe Niesthreini. The genus comprises approximately 20 described species distributed primarily in the New World, from the United States through Central and South America. Species in this genus are associated with plants in the family Malvaceae, with some species serving as important biological control agents against agricultural weeds such as velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti). The best-studied species, Niesthrea louisianica, exhibits striking orange, black, and white coloration and has been extensively investigated for its potential in integrated pest management programs.
Niesthrea sidae
Niesthrea sidae is a species of scentless plant bug in the family Rhopalidae, native to the New World. It is one of approximately 20 recognized species in the genus Niesthrea, which was taxonomically revised in 2019 with six new species described. The species occurs across broad geographic regions including the Caribbean, Central America, North America, and South America. Like other members of its genus, it is associated with plants in the mallow family (Malvaceae).
Nolima pinal
Nolima pinal is a mantidfly species endemic to the southwestern United States, ranging from Arizona to Nevada. First described by Rehn in 1939, the species was redescribed in a 2019 taxonomic revision that synonymized N. dine and N. kantsi under it. The species is distinguished by distinctive male abdominal cuticular structures and genitalic morphology, including a strongly projecting, deeply bifid male mediuncus apex and a female spermatheca with a distal accessory gland. Its forewing has a short subcostal space with Sc contacting C near the middle of the costal margin, distal to the pterostigma base.
Notomicrus
Notomicrus is a genus of small water beetles in the family Noteridae, first described by Sharp in 1882. Species occur in freshwater habitats across the New World, from North America through Central America to South America and the Caribbean. The genus includes at least 13 described species, with several recent descriptions from Guadeloupe and Suriname. Some species exhibit unusual reproductive traits, including suspected obligate parthenogenesis.
Oestrophasia
Oestrophasia is a genus of tachinid flies (Diptera: Tachinidae) in the tribe Dufouriini. Members of this genus are parasitoid flies, with at least one species, Oestrophasia (Cenosoma) sabroskyi, documented as a parasitoid of weevils (Curculionidae). The genus contains six described species distributed in the New World.
Olcella
frit flies
Olcella is a genus of small frit flies in the family Chloropidae, subfamily Oscinellinae. The genus contains approximately 11 described species with highest diversity in South America, particularly Argentina. Several Nearctic species have been documented engaging in kleptoparasitism, feeding on prey fluids from insects captured by predators such as spiders, assassin bugs, and mantids. Species in this genus possess a long geniculate (elbowed) proboscis that facilitates feeding on exposed fluids without disturbing the predator.
Orasema
Orasema is a genus of chalcid wasps in the family Eucharitidae containing at least 50 described species. These wasps are specialized parasitoids of myrmicine ants (Formicidae: Myrmicinae), with documented hosts including Pheidole, Wasmannia, and Solenopsis. The genus is widespread in the New World, ranging from northern Argentina to southern Canada. Several species groups have been established based on morphology and molecular phylogeny, with the stramineipes group being the most diverse. Some species have been associated with minor agricultural damage when ovipositing into crop plant leaves.
Orasema castilloae
Orasema castilloae is a species of chalcid wasp in the family Eucharitidae, described in 2020. It belongs to the Orasema tolteca species group, one of several species groups within the widespread New World genus Orasema. Members of this genus are specialized parasitoids of myrmicine ants (Formicidae: Myrmicinae). The species is known from the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico.
Orsodacnidae
Ravenous Leaf Beetles
Orsodacnidae is a small family of leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomeloidea) that was historically classified as a subfamily of Chrysomelidae but is now recognized as distinct. The family contains two subfamilies: Aulacoscelidinae (genera Aulacoscelis, Janbechynea) and Orsodacninae (genus Orsodacne). Members of this family exhibit specialized feeding relationships with cycads and other plants, with documented seed predation by immature stages and folivory by adults.
Orthodes majuscula
Rustic Quaker
Orthodes majuscula, commonly known as the Rustic Quaker, is a noctuid moth described by Herrich-Schäffer in 1868. It is widespread throughout the New World, ranging from eastern North America through Central America to South America. Adults are active from May to August and have a wingspan of 28–35 mm.
Ozodiceromyia
stiletto flies
Ozodiceromyia is a genus of stiletto flies (family Therevidae) comprising approximately seven described species distributed across North America, Central America, and northern South America. The genus was established by Bigot in 1890 and belongs to the cycloteline subfamily of Therevidae. Species in this genus are part of the diverse assemblage of predatory flies within the stiletto fly family, though specific ecological details for most species remain poorly documented.
Pachycondyla harpax
rapacious panther ant
Pachycondyla harpax is a widespread New World ponerine ant known from South America, Central America, the Caribbean, and the southern United States. It is a conspicuous ground-nesting species that forages singly rather than in trails. The species has been documented from over 1,500 collection sites and shows a broad latitudinal range from approximately 32°N in Texas to 32°S in southern Brazil.
Palaemnema
shadowdamsels
Palaemnema is a genus of damselflies in the family Platystictidae, commonly known as shadowdamsels. They inhabit the New World tropics and subtropics, ranging from Arizona south to Peru and French Guiana. These insects are adapted to life in deeply shaded forest environments, particularly near small streams.
Palpada
Plushback Flies
Palpada is a genus of 85 species of flower flies (hoverflies) in the tribe Eristalini, distributed across the Neotropical and Nearctic regions. Adults are often colorful and bee-like in appearance. The genus is distinguished from related Eristalini genera by specific morphological characters including uniform eye pile, pale hairs on the meron, and distinctive wing venation. Larvae are aquatic 'rat-tailed' maggots with extensible breathing siphons that allow survival in low-oxygen environments.
Palpada agrorum
Double-banded Plushback
Palpada agrorum is a common syrphid fly commonly known as the Double-banded Plushback. Adults are flower visitors that obtain nectar and pollen. Larvae are aquatic filter-feeders of the rat-tailed type, possessing an extensible posterior breathing siphon. The species was first described by Fabricius in 1787 and belongs to the agrorum species group within the genus Palpada.
Paracrias
Paracrias is a genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Eulophidae, occurring exclusively in the New World with greatest diversity in the tropics. Larvae are gregarious parasitoids of immature stages of beetles, primarily within Curculionoidea. Host records include weevils (Curculionidae), leaf-rolling weevils (Attelabidae), and bruchine seed beetles (Chrysomelidae). The genus has been studied for its potential as a biological control agent of seed and bud pests.
Paragrilus
Paragrilus is a genus of jewel beetles (family Buprestidae) in the subfamily Agrilinae, native to the Americas. The genus contains approximately 70 described species distributed across North, Central, and South America, with four species occurring in the United States. Species are generally small, dark-colored beetles with reduced metallic luster compared to many other buprestids. They are distinguished from the related and more diverse genus Agrilus by their antennae, which can be received into grooves along the sides of the pronotum.
Paromius longulus
dirt-colored seed bug
Paromius longulus is a species of dirt-colored seed bug in the family Rhyparochromidae. It is distributed throughout the New World, with records from the United States through the Caribbean and Central America to South America. The species belongs to the tribe Myodochini, a group characterized by ground-dwelling habits and seed-feeding ecology.
Perithemis
Amberwings
Perithemis is a genus of small dragonflies in the family Libellulidae, commonly known as amberwings. Males are distinguished by their amber-colored wings. The genus includes approximately 12 described species distributed in the New World, with notable species including the Eastern Amberwing (P. tenera) and the Mexican Amberwing (P. intensa).
Phengodes laticollis
glowworm beetle
Phengodes laticollis is a glowworm beetle in the family Phengodidae, notable for pronounced sexual dimorphism and bioluminescence across all life stages. Females are larviform, larger than males, and produce yellow or green light from organs on trunk segments. Males are smaller, winged, and possess large curved mandibles. The species has been documented circumventing millipede chemical defenses through specialized predatory behavior.
Phengodidae
glowworm beetles, glow-worms, railroad-worms, trenecitos, bigotudos
Phengodidae is a family of bioluminescent beetles commonly known as glowworm beetles. The family contains over 250 described species distributed throughout the New World from southern Canada to Chile, with additional diversity in Western Asia through the subfamily Cydistinae. Females and larvae possess bioluminescent organs that emit yellow, green, or red light; the Brazilian railroad worm Phrixothrix hirtus is the only terrestrial organism known to produce true red light. Females are larviform and typically much larger than males, which are winged, short-lived, and often attracted to lights. The family was formerly considered to include the Old World Rhagophthalmidae, now recognized as a separate family.
Phengodini
Phengodini is a tribe of glowworm beetles within the family Phengodidae, established by LeConte in 1861. Members are characterized by bioluminescent larvae and adult females, a trait shared across the family. The tribe contains multiple genera distributed primarily in the Americas. Adult males are typically winged and non-luminous, while females are larviform and emit light.
Phloeolaemus
Phloeolaemus is a genus of small beetles in the family Laemophloeidae, established by Casey in 1916. The genus contains at least 16 described species distributed across North America, Central America, and the Caribbean. These beetles are associated with dead and decaying plant material, particularly in palm and woody debris habitats.
Phrynus
whip spiders, tailless whip scorpions
Phrynus is a genus of whip spiders (order Amblypygi) comprising approximately 40 described species, primarily distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the New World. The genus is characterized by dorsoventrally flattened bodies, extraordinarily elongated antenniform front legs used for sensory detection, and raptorial pedipalps for prey capture. Most species inhabit forested environments where they shelter in crevices, under rocks, or in tree holes during daylight hours and emerge nocturnally to hunt. Several species exhibit notable behavioral complexity including territoriality, cannibalism, maternal care of offspring, and sophisticated navigational abilities using multisensory cues.
Phyllophaga
May beetles, June bugs, June beetles, July beetles
Phyllophaga is a large genus of New World scarab beetles comprising over 900 species. Adults are nocturnal, attracted to artificial lights, and feed on foliage of trees and shrubs. Larvae are soil-dwelling white grubs that feed on plant roots. The genus is economically significant as both adults and larvae can cause damage to agricultural crops and turf. Some species exhibit flightlessness and diurnal activity, representing derived traits within the genus.
Picumna
Picumna is a genus of planthoppers in the family Issidae, characterized by four spines on the hind tibia—a diagnostic feature distinguishing it from similar genera. The genus was erected by Stål in 1864 and is now placed in the tribe Picumnini. Species occur in the Southwestern United States and Central America.
Piezogaster
leaf-footed bugs
Piezogaster is a genus of leaf-footed bugs in the family Coreidae, containing at least 30 described species distributed across the New World. Recent taxonomic revision has clarified species boundaries, resurrected P. alternatus from synonymy, and described two new species. Members of this genus are found from the southwestern United States through Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Platyceroides
Platyceroides is a genus of stag beetles (family Lucanidae) established by Benesh in 1946. The genus contains approximately 16 described species. It belongs to the tribe Platyceroidini within the subfamily Lucaninae.
Poecilognathini
Poecilognathini is a tribe of bee flies (family Bombyliidae) established by Evenhuis in 1990. Members are classified within the subfamily Phthiriinae. The tribe contains multiple genera of small to medium-sized flies that share distinctive morphological features related to wing venation and body structure. The group is primarily distributed in the New World tropics and subtropics.
Poecilopompilus
spider wasps
Poecilopompilus is a genus of fossorial spider wasps in the family Pompilidae, distributed throughout the New World. These wasps are notable for their Müllerian mimicry of social paper wasps (Polistes), sharing similar yellow and black or reddish-brown color patterns. Females hunt orbweaver spiders (Araneidae), paralyzing them with a sting and transporting them to underground burrows where an egg is laid on each spider. The genus contains approximately 37 recognized species, with only a few extending into the United States.
Poecilopompilus interruptus
Interrupted Spider Wasp
Poecilopompilus interruptus is a New World spider wasp in the family Pompilidae. Adults are highly variable in coloration, displaying combinations of rufous-brown, yellow, and black markings. Females are 13 mm in length with curled antennae tips, while males have straight or gently curved antennae. The species exhibits Müllerian mimicry of paper wasps (Polistes). It preys exclusively on orb-weaver spiders (Araneidae) and has been documented visiting numerous flowering plants and extrafloral nectaries.
Pogonomyrmecini
Pogonomyrmecini is a tribe of myrmicine ants established in 2015, containing three extant genera: Pogonomyrmex, Hylomyrma, and Patagonomyrmex. The tribe was erected following phylogenetic revision of the subfamily Myrmicinae. Members include the well-known harvester ants (Pogonomyrmex), which are conspicuous seed-collecting ants in arid regions of the Americas. The tribe represents a relatively recent taxonomic reorganization based on molecular and morphological evidence.
Polacantha
Polacantha is a genus of robber flies (Asilidae) established by Martin in 1975. The genus contains approximately 10 described species distributed primarily in the Americas. Species in this genus are predatory flies that hunt other insects in flight. Most species were described by Martin in his 1975 revision of the genus.
Polygrammodes
Polygrammodes is a genus of crambid snout moths in the subfamily Spilomelinae. The genus contains multiple species distributed primarily in the New World. Adults are typically medium-sized moths with relatively broad wings. Larval stages are associated with various host plants, though specific associations vary by species.
Proconiini
sharpshooters
Proconiini is a large tribe of xylem-feeding leafhoppers (Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae) comprising approximately 422 species in 58 genera, restricted to the New World. Members are commonly known as sharpshooters due to their rapid, directed flight patterns. The tribe includes major agricultural pests and vectors of Xylella fastidiosa, a phytopathogenic bacterium causing diseases in citrus, grapes, almonds, and other crops. Proconiini species exhibit distinctive morphological adaptations including brachyptery in high-altitude Andean forms and unique egg brochosome production for offspring protection.
Psellidotus
Psellidotus is a genus of soldier flies in the family Stratiomyidae, subfamily Stratiomyinae, and tribe Stratiomyini. The genus was established by Rondani in 1863 and contains approximately 50 described species distributed primarily in the New World, with greatest diversity in the Neotropical region. Adults are characterized by patterned eyes with horizontal banding, a trait associated with detection of horizontally polarized light and linked to the aquatic larval habitat typical of stratiomyine flies. The genus is taxonomically challenging, particularly in South America where species boundaries with the related genus Hedriodiscus become unclear.
Pselliopus
orange assassin bugs
Pselliopus is a genus of assassin bugs in the family Reduviidae, subfamily Harpactorinae. The genus contains 27 described species restricted to the New World. Several species, particularly Pselliopus barberi, are noted for their bright orange and black coloration and relatively large size. Members of this genus are predatory insects that have been observed feeding on various arthropod prey including aphids, leafhoppers, and bees. Some species are considered potential biological control agents for pest management.
Pseudochalcura
Pseudochalcura is a genus of chalcid wasps in the family Eucharitidae, containing approximately 14 described species. All species are specialized parasitoids of ants (Formicidae). The genus is widespread in the New World, ranging from the Yukon and Alaska to northern Chile and Argentina.
Pseudopachybrachius
dirt-colored seed bugs
Pseudopachybrachius is a genus of dirt-colored seed bugs in the family Rhyparochromidae, established by Malipatil in 1978. The genus comprises eight described species distributed primarily in the New World. Species identification relies heavily on male genitalia morphology and external diagnostic characters. The group includes the taxonomically challenging 'vinctus-group' of four closely related species.
Psychonoctua
Psychonoctua is a genus of carpenter moths (family Cossidae, subfamily Zeuzerinae) established by Grote in 1865. The genus occurs across the New World from the southwestern United States through Central America to South America, with species documented in California, Texas, the Caribbean, and countries including Argentina, Peru, Colombia, Brazil, and Guyana. Recent taxonomic revisions have expanded the genus to include species transferred from the related genus Schreiteriana.
Ptilothrix
chimney bees, mallow bees
Ptilothrix is a genus of solitary, ground-nesting bees in the family Apidae, tribe Emphorini, with an amphitropical distribution in the New World. These bees range from 7 to 15 mm in body length and are distinguished by prominent, coarse scopae on their hind legs adapted for collecting large-grained pollen. Females excavate nests in hard-packed soil using water carried from ponds to moisten the substrate, constructing distinctive turreted or chimney-like nest entrances. The genus exhibits narrow pollen specialization (oligolecty), with species specializing on particular plant families including Malvaceae, Convolvulaceae, Onagraceae, Cactaceae, Pontederiaceae, and Asteraceae.
Rhiginia
Rhiginia is a genus of assassin bugs (Reduviidae) established by Stål in 1859. The genus is placed in the subfamily Ectrichodiinae, a group of reduviids commonly known as millipede assassin bugs due to their specialized predation on millipedes. Species of Rhiginia are generally active, alert, and strong fliers. The genus is restricted to the New World, with species documented from the Americas.
Robustagramma
lesser dung flies
Robustagramma is a genus of small flies in the family Sphaeroceridae (lesser dung flies), established in 2005 by Marshall & Cui. It comprises 54 species arranged in 8 species groups, of which 52 were described as new in the original monograph. The genus is distributed from Canada to Argentina and represents a distinctive clade within the subfamily Limosininae.
Schizocerella
purslane sawflies
Schizocerella is a genus of sawflies in the family Argidae containing at least two species: Schizocerella pilicornis and Schizocerella lineata. Both species are associated with purslane (Portulaca) as host plants. The genus was historically confused, with S. lineata only recognized as distinct from S. pilicornis in 2007 based on mitochondrial DNA analysis. Males are readily identified by their uniquely forked terminal antennal segments.
Selenomorphini
Selenomorphini is a small tribe of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Iassinae. It was established by Evans in 1974 and currently comprises at least six genera including Pachyopsis, Scaroidana, Parapachyopsis, and Uhleriana. The tribe exhibits a disjunct biogeographic pattern, with species occurring in the New World and New Caledonia. Recent taxonomic work has focused on Brazilian fauna, describing new species and genera and providing detailed morphological redescriptions including first illustrations of female genitalia.
Sennius
seed beetles, pea and bean weevils
Sennius is a New World genus of seed beetles (subfamily Bruchinae) within Chrysomelidae, containing at least 20 described species. Species are organized into multiple species groups, with the S. abbreviatus group being the largest and most thoroughly studied, comprising 14 species. The genus is characterized by distinctive male genitalia morphology, particularly patterns of sclerites and internal sac structure. Several species have been described from Mexico, Central America, and South America, with ongoing taxonomic revisions revealing new species and clarifying host plant relationships.
Sennius leucostauros
Sennius leucostauros is a seed beetle in the subfamily Bruchinae, described in 1973. It belongs to the S. abbreviatus species group, which is distinguished by patterns of sclerites and the shape of the male internal sac. The species occurs in Central and North America. As a member of Sennius, it likely develops in seeds, though specific host plants have not been documented.
Sericoptera
Sericoptera is a genus of New World geometrid moths erected by Herrich-Schäffer in 1855. The genus contains seven described species distributed from Canada to Bolivia. Adults are characterized by distinctive wing patterns of white to cream ground color with pale brown transverse bands. The type species is Sericoptera mahometaria (Herrich-Schäffer, [1853]), originally described as Geometra mahometaria.
Siproeta epaphus
Rusty-tipped Page, Brown Siproeta
Siproeta epaphus, commonly known as the rusty-tipped page or brown siproeta, is a New World butterfly species in the family Nymphalidae. It is a tropical butterfly with large wings averaging 7.0–7.5 cm in wingspan, characterized by striking black, brown, white, and rusty orange coloration. The species is resident year-round in tropical habitats and ranges from southern North America through Central America to central South America. Three subspecies are recognized, with the nominate subspecies S. epaphus epaphus being the most widespread and displaying the characteristic rusty orange wing tips.
Spalacopsis
Spalacopsis is a genus of longhorn beetles in the family Cerambycidae, subfamily Agapanthiinae. The genus contains approximately 17 described species distributed across the Americas, from the southern United States through Central America to South America. Species were described between 1829 and 1973, with several named by Tyson in the early 1970s. The genus is part of the tribe Agapanthiini, a group of cerambycids often associated with herbaceous vegetation.
Sparganothoides
Sparganothoides is a New World genus of tortricid moths established in 1986, containing 32 described species. The genus exhibits greatest species diversity at middle elevations from central and southern Mexico through Costa Rica. A 2009 systematic revision organized species into six monophyletic groups based primarily on male genitalia morphology. Biological data remain limited, derived mainly from laboratory rearings of eight species.
Spathidexia
Spathidexia is a New World genus of tachinid flies in the tribe Thelairini, characterized by females possessing a blade-like ovipositor (from Latin 'spatha', sword). The genus contains approximately 24 nominal species distributed across the Americas, with seven species north of Mexico and 12 in the Neotropics showing minimal geographic overlap. All species studied from Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica are parasitoids of caterpillars in Nymphalidae (Satyrinae) and Hesperiidae (Hesperiinae) that feed on monocots. Males and females exhibit sexual dimorphism in orbital bristles and abdominal coloration patterns.
Stenomacra
bordered plant bugs
Stenomacra is a genus of bordered plant bugs in the family Largidae, established by Stål in 1870. The genus contains at least eight described species distributed primarily in the Americas, with records from the southwestern United States through Central America to South America, including Ecuador and Panama. Species in this genus are associated with vegetation, particularly flowering plants, and have been observed feeding on plant sap and honeydew. Some species have been studied for their mating behavior and ecological roles in agroecosystems.
Stiphrosoma pectinatum
Stiphrosoma pectinatum is a species of small fly in the family Anthomyzidae, described as new to science by Roháček & Barber in 2005. It is one of 14 New World species revised in the 2005 taxonomic treatment, distinguished by specific male and female genitalic structures. The species occurs in eastern North America from Canada through the eastern United States.
Stittocapsus
Stittocapsus is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae, established by Knight in 1942. The genus contains at least three described species distributed in the Americas, including North and South America. As members of Miridae, these insects are likely small, soft-bodied true bugs with piercing-sucking mouthparts.
Stobaera
Stobaera is a genus of delphacid planthoppers established by Stål in 1859, containing approximately 14 described species. These insects belong to the family Delphacidae, a diverse group of small planthoppers characterized by a distinctive movable spur on the hind tibia. The genus is part of the large superfamily Delphacoidea within the order Hemiptera. Species in this genus are found in various regions and are documented through hundreds of observational records.
Symphrasinae
thorny lacewings
Symphrasinae is a subfamily of thorny lacewings within Rhachiberothidae (Neuroptera), recently transferred from Mantispidae. It comprises three genera—Anchieta, Plega, and Trichoscelia—with 60 described species distributed exclusively in the New World from the southwestern United States to southern Argentina. Members possess raptorial forelegs for prey capture. The genus Plega has been documented as an ectoparasitoid of sawfly larvae and pupae.
Synergini
inquiline gall wasps
Synergini is a tribe of inquiline gall wasps in the family Cynipidae. Members have lost the ability to induce their own galls and instead inhabit galls created by other cynipid wasps, primarily those in tribe Cynipini. The tribe includes genera such as Synergus, Saphonecrus, Lithosaphonecrus, and Ufo. Most species are associated with oaks (Quercus) and related Fagaceae. A 2015 taxonomic revision transferred three former Synergini genera to other tribes: Ceroptres to its own tribe Ceroptresini, and Periclistus and Synophromorpha to Diastrophini.
Tabudamima
Tabudamima is a genus of stiletto flies (family Therevidae, order Diptera) established by Irwin & Lyneborg in 1981. The genus was revised by Webb & Irwin in 1999, who also described the related new genus Incoxoverpa. As a therevid genus, its species are likely predatory in the larval stage, though specific life history details remain poorly documented. The genus is distinguished from the related Tabuda by specific morphological features of the male genitalia and wing venation.
Tanypezidae
Stretched-foot Flies
Tanypezidae is a small family of acalyptrate Diptera containing 28 species in two genera. The family is primarily New World in distribution, with Tanypeza (2 species) occurring in North America and the Palearctic, and Neotanypeza (26 species) restricted to the Neotropics. Species are characterized by their relatively large size, semispherical heads, stout bodies, and notably long, thin legs that give the family its common name. The biology of most species remains poorly known.
Tarache
Tarache is a genus of moths in the family Noctuidae, subfamily Acontiinae, erected by Jacob Hübner in 1823. The genus comprises primarily New World species, most of which were formerly classified under the genus Acontia. Taxonomic authorities differ on its status: Catalogue of Life treats Tarache as accepted, while GBIF and some lepidopteran resources list it as a synonym of Acontia. The genus includes approximately 50 described species arranged in three main species groups (aprica, bilimeki, and lucasi groups).
Telebasis salva
Desert Firetail
Telebasis salva, commonly known as the desert firetail, is a species of narrow-winged damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae. It was first described by Hagen in 1861 under the basionym Agrion salva. The species has a broad distribution across the Americas, ranging from North America through Central America to South America. The IUCN lists it as Least Concern (LC) with a stable population, last reviewed in 2018.
Tetracha
Metallic Tiger Beetles
Tetracha is a genus of metallic tiger beetles in the family Cicindelidae, containing approximately 100 described species. The genus was formerly treated as a subgenus of Megacephala but was elevated to full generic status based on morphological and molecular evidence. Tetracha species are exclusively New World in distribution, contrasting with the Old World distribution of Megacephala. Four species occur in the United States: T. carolina, T. floridana, T. virginica, and T. impressa.
Thopeutis
grass moth
Thopeutis is a genus of grass moths in the family Crambidae, subfamily Crambinae, and tribe Haimbachiini. It was established by Hübner in 1818. The genus contains six described species distributed primarily in the Americas. Some historical classifications incorrectly placed it in Pyralidae.
Tillinae
checkered beetles (subfamily)
Tillinae is a subfamily of checkered beetles (family Cleridae) comprising approximately 164 described species across 11 genera in the New World. The subfamily is characterized by diagnostic morphological features including procryptosternum fused to pronotal extension, closed procoxal cavities, and 5-5-5 tarsal formula. Body size ranges from 3 to 40 mm. The genus Cymatodera dominates the subfamily with approximately 134 species, exhibiting its greatest diversity in Mexico.
Titanoecidae
Rock Weavers
Titanoecidae is a family of cribellate spiders comprising five genera and approximately 67 species. Members are primarily dark-colored web-builders that construct woolly, cribellate silk webs. The family occurs across the New World and Eurasia, with several species inhabiting high-altitude mountain environments where they can achieve high local abundance. The family was elevated from Amaurobiidae by Lehtinen in 1967.
Toxomerus politus
maize calligrapher
Toxomerus politus, commonly known as the maize calligrapher, is a small hoverfly (Diptera: Syrphidae) measuring 8–9 mm. The species is native to North America but has been introduced and is expanding its distribution across Central and South America, with recent records from Chile. Adults and larvae are associated with corn (Zea mays), feeding on pollen. The species has been studied for its male genitalia morphology and sperm ultrastructure using advanced microscopy techniques.
Trachelas
Trachelas is a genus of hunting spiders in the family Trachelidae, established by Ludwig Carl Christian Koch in 1872. The genus contains approximately 99 species with worldwide distribution across tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions. Trachelas sensu stricto is restricted to the Old World, while New World species represent a distinct lineage only distantly related to the core group. The genus has undergone significant taxonomic revision, with species previously assigned to Corinnidae now placed in Trachelidae.
Trachyderini
Trachyderini is a tribe of long-horned beetles (Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae) comprising at least 140 genera and 650 described species. Members are predominantly diurnal, medium to large-sized, and frequently exhibit bright coloration. The tribe has a primarily New World distribution, with notable diversity in southwestern North America, Mexico, Central America, and South America, though some genera extend into the Palearctic region including Mongolia. Several genera display striking mimicry of wasps or other beetles.
Triepeolus simplex
cuckoo bee
Triepeolus simplex is a cleptoparasitic bee species in the family Apidae, described by Robertson in 1903. It belongs to the simplex species group, characterized by females possessing a trapezoidal or triangular pseudopygidial area with bright, reflective setae and a concave apical margin. As a cuckoo bee, it does not construct nests or collect pollen but instead parasitizes the nests of other bee species. The species occurs in North America and is part of an entirely New World group of Triepeolus species.
Uramyini
Uramyini is a tribe of tachinid flies (Diptera: Tachinidae) within the subfamily Dexiinae, distributed in the New World. Members are characterized by a distinctive combination of morphological traits including bare prosternum, bare arista, haired eyes, and a cylindrical body plan. The tribe has been documented to contain parasitoid species that attack caterpillars, particularly those in the family Megalopygidae. Taxonomic placement of Uramyini remains under discussion, with some evidence suggesting it may represent a nested sub-clade within Voriini.
Urosigalphus
A genus of braconid wasps comprising over 100 described species distributed across North, Central, and South America. Species in this genus are parasitoids, with documented associations including beetle hosts in families Bruchidae and Curculionidae. Colombian species have been collected primarily from forest understories using Malaise traps.
Valgus
Valgus is a genus of small scarab beetles in the family Scarabaeidae, subfamily Cetoniinae. Most described species occur in Asia, with some extending into northern Africa and Europe. Three species are native to the New World, and one species is found in South Africa. Adults are characterized by their strongly flattened bodies and distinctive scale-like setae covering both dorsal and ventral surfaces.
Vazquezitocoris
Vazquezitocoris is a genus of leaf-footed bugs in the family Coreidae, established by Brailovsky in 1990. The genus comprises approximately 14 described species distributed across the Americas, from the southwestern United States through Central America to South America. Members of this genus belong to the tribe Hypselonotini within the subfamily Coreinae. As true bugs in the order Hemiptera, species in this genus possess piercing-sucking mouthparts characteristic of the group.
Warwickia
May beetles, junebugs
Warwickia is a genus of scarab beetles in the subfamily Melolonthinae, established in 2005. It contains one described species, Warwickia pilosa. The genus belongs to the tribe Warwickiini, which was erected to accommodate this taxon. Warwickia represents a relatively recent addition to the classification of New World scarab beetles.
Xyonysius basalis
Xyonysius basalis is a seed bug species in the family Lygaeidae, first described by Dallas in 1852. The species has a broad distribution across the Americas, ranging from the Caribbean through Central America to North and South America. It belongs to the subfamily Orsillinae and tribe Metrargini. Available information on its biology and ecology remains limited.
Zanysson
Zanysson is a strictly New World genus of digger wasps in the family Crabronidae, subfamily Bembicinae. The genus was established by Rohwer in 1921 and remained taxonomically stagnant for over 80 years until the description of Z. gemmatus from Colombia in 2007. Members are assumed to be cleptoparasites of other crabronid wasps, though direct biological observations are lacking for most species. The genus includes at least three described species distributed from the southwestern United States through Mexico to northwestern South America.
Zelus nugax
Zelus nugax is a species of assassin bug in the family Reduviidae, first described by Stål in 1862. As a member of the genus Zelus, it possesses the characteristic sticky forelegs used to capture prey, a trait that has earned these insects the common name 'sundew assassin bugs.' The species is distributed across the Americas, with records from the Caribbean, Middle America, North America, and South America. Like other Zelus species, it is a predatory insect that feeds on other small arthropods.
Zopherini
A tribe of beetles within the family Zopheridae, characterized by heavily sclerotized bodies and a primarily New World distribution. The tribe comprises multiple genera including Noserinus, Nosoderma, Phloeodes, Sesaspis, and Verodes. A 2008 phylogenetic analysis revised the generic classification, elevated Sesaspis from synonymy, and described two new Central American species.