Dragonfly
Guides
Aeshna
Hawkers, Mosaic Darners
Aeshna is a genus of large dragonflies in the family Aeshnidae, commonly known as hawkers in the Old World and mosaic darners in North America. The genus name was coined by Danish entomologist Johan Christian Fabricius in 1775, possibly from a printer's error in spelling the Greek 'Aechma' (spear). Species in this genus are characterized by their relatively large size, brown thoraces and abdomens with distinctive blue, yellow, or green markings. The genus has undergone significant taxonomic revision, with many Neotropical and other species reclassified into separate genera such as Rhionaeschna, Afroaeschna, and others based on phylogenetic studies.
Aeshna canadensis
Canada Darner
Aeshna canadensis, the Canada darner, is a large dragonfly species in the family Aeshnidae. First described by Edmund Murton Walker in 1908, it is common throughout southern Canada and the northern United States. Adults are active from June to October. The species has been documented undertaking north-south migratory movements within its range, representing the first conclusive evidence of migration in the genus Aeshna in North America.
Aeshna constricta
Lance-tipped Darner
Aeshna constricta, commonly known as the Lance-tipped Darner, is a large dragonfly species in the family Aeshnidae. It is distributed across North America and holds a conservation status of Least Concern with a stable population. The species is one of approximately 30 species in the diverse genus Aeshna, which are among the largest and most powerful fliers in the dragonfly order.
Aeshna interrupta
Variable Darner
Aeshna interrupta, commonly known as the Variable Darner, is a dragonfly species in the family Aeshnidae native to North America. Its range extends from Alaska and the Northwest Territories through Newfoundland, south to New Hampshire and Michigan in the eastern United States, and to the mountains of New Mexico, Arizona, and California in the west. The species is named for the distinctive broken stripes on the sides of the thorax present in many male specimens. It occupies diverse habitats including northern and mountain peatlands, cattail marshes, and other wetland environments.
Aeshna juncea
Common Hawker, Moorland Hawker, Sedge Darner
Aeshna juncea, known as the Common Hawker, Moorland Hawker, or Sedge Darner, is a large hawker dragonfly with a Holarctic distribution spanning the Palearctic from Ireland to Japan and northern North America. It is one of the larger Aeshna species and is strongly associated with acidic bog habitats, particularly in Scotland where it is a prominent bog specialist. The species has a flight period from June to early October. Recent genomic research has revealed that Alaskan populations underwent population bottlenecks during the most recent ice age, and the species has been used as a model for studying genome size variation in Odonata driven by transposons and repetitive elements.
Aeshna palmata
Paddle-tailed Darner
Aeshna palmata, commonly known as the Paddle-tailed Darner, is a species of dragonfly in the family Aeshnidae. It is widely distributed across western Canada and the western United States. The species is named for its distinctive paddle-shaped cerci (appendages at the tip of the abdomen). It inhabits lakes, ponds, and slow-moving streams, typically with dense vegetation along the shorelines. The species was first scientifically described by Hermann Hagen in 1856.
Aeshna persephone
Persephone's Darner
Aeshna persephone, known as Persephone's Darner, is a species of dragonfly in the family Aeshnidae. It inhabits river systems in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. The species was described by Donnelly in 1961 and is named after Persephone, the Greek goddess associated with the underworld.
Aeshna sitchensis
zigzag darner
Aeshna sitchensis, commonly known as the zigzag darner, is a species of darner dragonfly in the family Aeshnidae. It is found in North America. The species is classified as Least Concern by the IUCN, with a stable population and no immediate threats to its survival. The IUCN status was last reviewed in 2017.
Aeshna umbrosa
Shadow Darner
Aeshna umbrosa, commonly known as the Shadow Darner, is a large dragonfly species in the family Aeshnidae. It is widely distributed across North America, occurring throughout almost all of Canada and most of the United States. The species is typically associated with shaded habitats, including forested wetlands and woodland streams. Adult Shadow Darners are powerful fliers and active predators.
Aeshna verticalis
Green-striped Darner
Aeshna verticalis, the green-striped darner, is a dragonfly species in the family Aeshnidae. It is distinguished from similar darners by its green lateral thoracic stripes. The species is found in northeastern North America and holds an IUCN conservation status of Least Concern with a stable population.
Aeshnidae
darners, hawkers, aeshnids
Aeshnidae is a family of large dragonflies known as darners in North America and hawkers elsewhere. The family includes some of the largest and fastest-flying dragonflies in the order Odonata, with over 450 species in more than 50 genera distributed nearly worldwide. Members are characterized by their powerful flight, elongated abdomens, and large compound eyes that meet at the top of the head. The family name derives from the Greek 'Aechma' meaning 'spear', though the spelling resulted from a printer's error.
Anax
Emperors, Green Darners
Anax is a genus of large dragonflies in the family Aeshnidae, commonly known as emperors and green darners. The genus includes some of the largest and most powerful dragonflies in the world, with species distributed across multiple continents. Several Anax species are notable long-distance migrants, with Anax junius (the common green darner) being one of the most studied migratory dragonflies in North America. The genus name derives from the ancient Greek word for 'lord' or 'king', reflecting their imposing size and predatory dominance.
Anax junius
Common Green Darner, Green Darner
Anax junius, the common green darner, is among the most abundant and widespread dragonflies in North America, ranging from Canada to Panama and with populations in the Caribbean, Tahiti, and Asia. This large aeshnid is renowned for its extensive seasonal migrations, with individuals traveling up to 2,800 km between northern breeding grounds and southern overwintering areas. The species exhibits complex population dynamics, with both migratory and resident cohorts coexisting at many locations. Adults are powerful aerial predators, while aquatic nymphs are similarly voracious, making this species a significant component of both terrestrial and aquatic food webs.
Anax longipes
Comet Darner
Anax longipes, commonly known as the Comet Darner, is a dragonfly species in the family Aeshnidae. It is a common North American species with a distinctive appearance and migratory behavior. Adults are large, powerful fliers that prey on other insects in flight. The species is part of the Migratory Dragonfly Partnership monitoring program due to its seasonal movements.
Anax walsinghami
giant darner, giant green darner
Anax walsinghami is the largest dragonfly species in North America, with a wingspan reaching up to 120 mm and body length of 89–117 mm. Commonly known as the giant darner or giant green darner, this species belongs to the family Aeshnidae and is distributed across Central America and North America. Despite its impressive size, it is exceeded by the closely related giant Hawaiian darner (A. strenuus). The IUCN lists the species as Least Concern with a stable population.
Anisoptera
Dragonflies
Anisoptera is the suborder of dragonflies, distinguished from damselflies (Zygoptera) by their larger, stouter bodies, eyes that touch or nearly touch at the top of the head, and wings held horizontally away from the body at rest. The name derives from Greek roots meaning 'unequal wings,' referring to the broader hindwings compared to forewings. With over 3,000 described species globally, dragonflies represent one of the most ancient lineages of flying insects, with fossil relatives dating to the Triassic Period 250 million years ago. Adults are aerial predators with exceptional flight capabilities and vision, while larvae are aquatic predators found in diverse freshwater habitats.
Aphylla
Greater Forceptails
Aphylla is a widespread Neotropical genus of dragonflies in the family Gomphidae. They are commonly known as the greater forceptails due to their distinctive forceps-like cerci (paired appendages at the abdomen tip). The genus occurs across Central and South America and contains multiple species.
Aphylla angustifolia
Broad-striped Forceptail
Aphylla angustifolia, commonly known as the broad-striped forceptail, is a species of clubtail dragonfly in the family Gomphidae. It was described by Garrison in 1986. The species is found in Central America and North America and holds a conservation status of Least Concern (LC) according to the IUCN.
Aphylla williamsoni
Two-striped Forceptail
Aphylla williamsoni, commonly known as the two-striped forceptail, is a species of clubtail dragonfly in the family Gomphidae. It is native to North America and is currently classified as Least Concern by the IUCN, with a stable population and no immediate threats to its survival. The species was originally described by Gloyd in 1936 under the basionym Gomphoides williamsoni before being transferred to the genus Aphylla.
Arigomphus
Pond Clubtails
Arigomphus is a genus of dragonflies in the family Gomphidae, commonly known as the pond clubtails. The genus contains seven recognized species, all endemic to North America. Males possess the club-shaped abdominal tip characteristic of gomphids, while females lack this feature. The genus is notable for its ability to complete development in artificial ponds, a trait uncommon among other gomphid genera.
Arigomphus cornutus
Horned Clubtail
Arigomphus cornutus, commonly known as the Horned Clubtail, is a dragonfly species in the family Gomphidae. It is distributed across Canada and the United States. The species belongs to a genus of clubtail dragonflies characterized by expanded terminal abdominal segments.
Arigomphus furcifer
Lilypad Clubtail
Arigomphus furcifer, commonly known as the lilypad clubtail, is a dragonfly species in the family Gomphidae. It is found in North America and holds a conservation status of Least Concern (LC) according to the IUCN, with a stable population and no immediate threats to its survival. The species is part of the genus Arigomphus, which comprises clubtail dragonflies often associated with aquatic habitats.
Arigomphus maxwelli
bayou clubtail
Arigomphus maxwelli, commonly known as the bayou clubtail, is a dragonfly species in the family Gomphidae. It belongs to the genus Arigomphus, a group commonly referred to as "pond clubtails." The species is native to North America and holds a least concern conservation status with stable populations.
Arigomphus pallidus
gray-green clubtail
Arigomphus pallidus, commonly known as the gray-green clubtail, is a dragonfly species in the family Gomphidae. It is found in North America. The species has been assessed by the IUCN as Least Concern (LC), with a stable population and no immediate threats to its survival. The genus Arigomphus is part of the clubtail dragonflies, characterized by their distinctive abdominal club-like expansions.
Arigomphus submedianus
Jade Clubtail
Arigomphus submedianus, the Jade Clubtail, is a medium-sized dragonfly in the family Gomphidae. Adults measure 51–55 mm in total length. The species is found in North America and is recognized by its greenish coloration and clubbed abdomen tip.
Basiaeschna janata
Springtime Darner
Basiaeschna janata, the Springtime Darner, is a small, bluish dragonfly in the family Aeshnidae. It is the sole member of the monotypic genus Basiaeschna. This species is notable for its early seasonal flight period, appearing in spring when most other darner species have not yet emerged. It is widely distributed across North America.
Boyeria grafiana
Ocellated Darner
Boyeria grafiana, the ocellated darner, is a dragonfly species in the family Aeshnidae. It is found in North America. The IUCN lists it as Least Concern with a stable population.
Boyeria vinosa
fawn darner
Boyeria vinosa, the fawn darner, is a dragonfly species in the family Aeshnidae. It inhabits rivers and streams in eastern North America, from southeastern Canada through the eastern United States. Adults are crepuscular, being most active at dusk. The species has a univoltine life cycle with egg diapause and approximately 10 months of larval development.
Brachymesia
Tropical Pennants
Brachymesia is a genus of dragonflies in the family Libellulidae, commonly known as tropical pennants. The genus contains multiple species distributed across the Americas, with B. gravida restricted to the United States and other species occurring throughout South America, the West Indies, and southern USA states. One species, B. herbida, has been studied in insular populations where it exhibits distinct behavioral patterns compared to sympatric libellulids.
Brachymesia gravida
Four-spotted Pennant
Brachymesia gravida, commonly known as the four-spotted pennant, is a dragonfly species in the family Libellulidae. It is native to North America and holds a Least Concern conservation status with stable populations. The species is relatively well-documented with over 12,000 observations on iNaturalist.
Brechmorhoga
clubskimmers
Brechmorhoga is a genus of dragonflies in the family Libellulidae, commonly called clubskimmers due to their widened abdominal segments resembling those of clubtail dragonflies (Gomphidae). The genus was established by Kirby in 1894 and contains approximately 16 species distributed in the Americas. Members can be distinguished from true clubtails by their contiguous eyes, a characteristic feature of skimmers. The genus includes notable species such as the pale-faced clubskimmer (B. mendax), masked clubskimmer (B. pertinax), and slender clubskimmer (B. praecox).
Brechmorhoga mendax
Pale-faced Clubskimmer
Brechmorhoga mendax is a dragonfly species in the family Libellulidae, commonly known as the Pale-faced Clubskimmer. It is a medium-sized dragonfly with a total length of 52–64 mm. Despite being a skimmer, it resembles clubtails (Gomphidae) in appearance, though its eyes meet at the top of the head—a definitive skimmer characteristic. The species has been documented in riverine habitats in the southwestern United States and Mexico.
Cannaphila insularis
gray-waisted skimmer
Cannaphila insularis, commonly known as the gray-waisted skimmer, is a dragonfly species in the family Libellulidae. The species includes two recognized subspecies: C. i. insularis (nominate) and C. i. funerea. It is distributed across the Caribbean, Central America, and North America, with the nominate subspecies occurring on Hispaniola, Jamaica, and Isla de Pinos (Cuba), while C. i. funerea ranges from southern Texas through Colombia and is widely distributed in Cuba. The species inhabits lentic freshwater environments including lagoons, ponds, and slow-moving streams with abundant herbaceous vegetation. The last instar larva of C. i. funerea has been formally described, providing diagnostic morphological characters for identification.
Celithemis
pennants, small pennants
Celithemis is a monophyletic genus of eight dragonfly species in the family Libellulidae, commonly known as pennants or small pennants. Species are primarily distributed in eastern North America. Males of multiple species perch conspicuously on vegetation to defend territories and exhibit resource partitioning through differential perch height selection.
Celithemis amanda
Amanda's Pennant
Celithemis amanda, commonly known as Amanda's Pennant, is a dragonfly species in the family Libellulidae. It is native to the southeastern United States. The species is part of a genus of small to medium-sized skimmer dragonflies found primarily in North America.
Celithemis bertha
Red-veined Pennant
Celithemis bertha, commonly known as the red-veined pennant, is a species of dragonfly in the family Libellulidae. It is found in North America and is classified as Least Concern by the IUCN, with a stable population. The species was first described by Williamson in 1922.
Celithemis elisa
Calico Pennant
Celithemis elisa, commonly known as the calico pennant, is a dragonfly species in the family Libellulidae native to eastern North America. Adults are small to medium-sized (24–34 mm body length) with distinctive brown spots at the wing bases and tips. The species inhabits calm freshwater bodies with emergent vegetation and exhibits spatial partitioning of perching microhabitats when co-occurring with congeners.
Celithemis fasciata
Banded Pennant
Celithemis fasciata, commonly known as the banded pennant, is a dragonfly species in the skimmer family Libellulidae native to the eastern and central United States. Adults are approximately 33 mm in length and are distinguished by extensive, sharply defined black markings on the wings, though wing pattern intensity varies geographically with northern individuals showing less coloration. The species inhabits lentic waters including ponds, lakes, and ditches. Research has demonstrated that individuals exhibit prey preference for small dipteran prey over larger alternatives and engage in prey switching behavior based on relative prey densities.
Celithemis martha
Martha's Pennant
Celithemis martha, commonly known as Martha's Pennant, is a dragonfly species in the family Libellulidae. It was described by Williamson in 1922 and is named in honor of entomologist Martha Wadsworth. The species occurs in North America and holds a Least Concern conservation status from the IUCN, with a stable population as of 2017.
Celithemis ornata
ornate pennant, faded pennant
Celithemis ornata is a species of skimmer dragonfly in the family Libellulidae, commonly known as the ornate pennant or faded pennant. The species is widely distributed across the Americas, occurring in Central America, North America, and South America. It holds a Least Concern conservation status from the IUCN, with a stable population and no immediate threats to its survival. The species was last reviewed by the IUCN in 2017.
Celithemis verna
double-ringed pennant
Celithemis verna, the double-ringed pennant, is a species of dragonfly (skimmer) in the family Libellulidae. It is native to North America and has been assigned a conservation status of Least Concern by the IUCN, with a stable population trend. The specific epithet 'verna' refers to spring, suggesting seasonal activity patterns.
Cordulegaster
Golden-ringed Spiketails, Goldenrings, Spiketails
Cordulegaster is a genus of large dragonflies in the family Cordulegastridae, commonly known as golden-ringed dragonflies or spiketails. The genus contains approximately 30 described species distributed across North America, Europe, and Asia. Members are characterized by their distinctive yellow or golden ring markings on the abdomen and, in females, prominent spikelike ovipositors used for inserting eggs into stream substrates. Several species are habitat specialists associated with forested streams and are of conservation concern, including C. heros, which is protected under the EU Habitats Directive.
Cordulegaster bilineata
brown spiketail
Cordulegaster bilineata, commonly known as the brown spiketail, is a dragonfly species in the family Cordulegastridae. It occurs in North America and is classified as Least Concern by the IUCN with a stable population. The species was described by Carle in 1983. Like other spiketails, females possess a prominent ovipositor that gives the group its common name.
Cordulegaster diadema
Apache spiketail
Cordulegaster diadema, commonly known as the Apache spiketail, is a dragonfly species in the family Cordulegastridae. Adults typically measure 74–88 millimeters in length. The species ranges from the southwestern United States through Mexico to Costa Rica. Females possess a prominent ovipositor that gives the species its common name 'spiketail'.
Cordulegaster dorsalis
Pacific spiketail
Cordulegaster dorsalis, commonly known as the Pacific spiketail, is a dragonfly species in the family Cordulegastridae. Larvae inhabit intermittent headwater streams and typically require three years to reach maturity, emerging as adults during July and August. The species shows evidence of sediment microhabitat partitioning, with smaller larval instars associated with finer-grained organic sediments.
Cordulegaster erronea
tiger spiketail
Cordulegaster erronea, the tiger spiketail, is a large, uncommon dragonfly in the family Cordulegastridae. It is a habitat specialist requiring small, pristine, spring-fed forest streams with muck bottoms and overhanging vegetation. The species has a long larval period estimated at 3-4 years and a brief adult flight period of approximately 2-3 weeks in early summer. Radio-telemetry studies in New Jersey have revealed limited adult movement, with individuals typically remaining within 100-200 meters of natal streams and showing strong site fidelity.
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sayi
Say's spiketail
Cordulegaster sayi, commonly known as Say's spiketail, is a dragonfly species in the family Cordulegastridae. It is endemic to the United States. The species belongs to a genus characterized by prominent spikelike ovipositors in females, a trait referenced in the common name 'spiketail.'
Cordulegastridae
Spiketails, biddie, flying adder
Cordulegastridae, commonly known as spiketails, is a family of dragonflies (Anisoptera) distributed across the Holarctic region. The family contains approximately 51 species in three to four genera, including Cordulegaster, Anotogaster, Neallogaster, and the recently restored Thecagaster and Zoraena. Adults are characterized by large black or brown bodies with yellow markings, blue-green eyes that meet at a single point, and a slow flight pattern 30–70 cm above water. Nymphs are specialized ambush predators that conceal themselves in sand or silt substrates of clean, flowing streams.
Coryphaeschna
Pilot Darners
Coryphaeschna is a genus of large dragonflies commonly known as pilot darners, comprising approximately 10 described species within the family Aeshnidae. The genus occurs primarily in the Neotropical region, with species ranging from the southern United States through Central America and into South America. Members of this genus are aerial predators typical of the darner group, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented for many species.
Coryphaeschna ingens
Regal Darner
Coryphaeschna ingens, commonly known as the regal darner, is a species of large dragonfly in the family Aeshnidae. It occurs across the Caribbean and North America, with a stable population and no immediate conservation concerns. The species is recognized by its substantial size and distinctive coloration typical of the genus Coryphaeschna.