Arctic
Guides
Aeropedellus arcticus
Arctic Grasshopper
Aeropedellus arcticus is a species of grasshopper in the family Acrididae, described by Hebard in 1935. It belongs to the genus Aeropedellus, commonly known as clubhorned grasshoppers due to their distinctive clavate antennae. The species epithet 'arcticus' suggests an association with arctic or high-latitude environments. As a member of the subfamily Gomphocerinae, it is part of a group characterized by slant-faced grasshoppers with specific antennal modifications. The species is known from Alaska and broader North America, though detailed biological studies appear limited compared to its congener A. clavatus.
Aeshna juncea
Common Hawker, Moorland Hawker, Sedge Darner
Aeshna juncea, known as the Common Hawker, Moorland Hawker, or Sedge Darner, is a large hawker dragonfly with a Holarctic distribution spanning the Palearctic from Ireland to Japan and northern North America. It is one of the larger Aeshna species and is strongly associated with acidic bog habitats, particularly in Scotland where it is a prominent bog specialist. The species has a flight period from June to early October. Recent genomic research has revealed that Alaskan populations underwent population bottlenecks during the most recent ice age, and the species has been used as a model for studying genome size variation in Odonata driven by transposons and repetitive elements.
Agrenia
Agrenia is a genus of springtails (Collembola: Isotomidae) distributed across arctic, boreal, and mountainous regions of the northern hemisphere. The genus was formerly monotypic but now contains multiple species divided into two groups: the bidenticulata-group (with mucronal seta) and the agilis-group (without mucronal seta). Species exhibit morphological variation in claw structure related to latitude, with some populations showing sexual polymorphism and cyclomorphosis.
Agrenia bidenticulata
Agrenia bidenticulata is the type species of the genus Agrenia, a springtail in the family Isotomidae. It belongs to the bidenticulata species group, characterized by the presence of a mucronal seta. Populations show considerable morphological variation across their range, with Buryatian mountain forms differing from typical arctic populations in claw length. The species exhibits sexual polymorphism (epitoky) and cyclomorphosis.
Alopecosa hirtipes
Alopecosa hirtipes is an Arctic wolf spider (family Lycosidae) distributed across northern North America and Eurasia. The species has been studied for its reproductive biology, with research documenting correlations between female body size, mass, and clutch characteristics. As a ground-dwelling lycosid, it inhabits tundra and cold-adapted habitats where it exhibits typical wolf spider behaviors including maternal care of egg sacs.
Ameronothrus
Ameronothrus is a genus of oribatid mites comprising approximately 13 described species. The genus is characterized by littoral (intertidal) habitat associations, with some species such as A. lineatus exhibiting remarkable arctic adaptations including extended life cycles spanning 5+ years, larviparous reproduction, and temperature-synchronized development. Several species have been described from marine and coastal environments across holarctic regions.
Anarta nigrolunata
Pied Alpine Beauty
Anarta nigrolunata is a noctuid moth first described by Alpheus Spring Packard in 1867. It is known by the common name Pied Alpine Beauty. The species occurs in Arctic and alpine environments across North America. It was formerly placed in the genus Hadula but is now classified in Anarta. It is distinct from the similar Anarta melanopa, which was previously considered conspecific.
Anurida
Anurida is a genus of springtails (Collembola) in the family Neanuridae, established in 1865 by Laboulbène. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution with species occupying diverse habitats including intertidal marine zones, river floodplains, riparian areas, and forest ecosystems. Well-studied species include the intertidal specialist Anurida maritima, which exhibits complex tidal-entrained behaviors, and the terrestrial A. granaria, which has documented mycophagous associations. The genus shows notable morphological diversity in chaetotaxy and eye reduction, with some species groups exhibiting cryptic genetic divergence despite morphological similarity.
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quenseli
Labrador Tiger Moth
Apantesis quenseli, the Labrador tiger moth, is a species of tiger moth in the family Erebidae. It inhabits high-altitude alpine environments and polar regions across the Northern Hemisphere. The species was transferred from the genus Grammia to Apantesis in 2016, reflecting revised understanding of tiger moth phylogeny. Multiple subspecies have been described across its broad geographic range.
Aphelia gregalis
Aphelia gregalis is a small tortricid moth described by Razowski in 1981. The species is known from Alaska, representing a northern distribution within the genus Aphelia. Adults have a wingspan of approximately 21 mm. As a member of the tribe Archipini, it belongs to a diverse group of leafroller moths, though specific biological details remain poorly documented.
Araneus groenlandicola
Greenland Orbweaver
Araneus groenlandicola is a species of orb-weaver spider in the family Araneidae. It is known from a limited geographic range spanning the northernmost regions of North America, including Greenland, Canada, and the northern United States. The species was described by Embrik Strand in 1906. As with other members of the genus Araneus, it constructs spiral wheel-shaped webs for prey capture.
Arctacaridae
Arctacaridae is a small family of mites in the order Mesostigmata, discovered and described by Evans in 1955 from arctic regions of North America. The family contains two genera, Arctacarus and Proarctacarus, with six recognized species total. These mites are among the few mesostigmatid lineages specifically adapted to cold, high-latitude environments. The genus Proarctacarus was established in 2003 based on specimens from Canada and the northwestern United States.
Arctia alpina
Arctic Tiger Moth
Arctia alpina is a tiger moth in the family Erebidae, distributed across high-latitude and high-altitude regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The species inhabits northern Scandinavia, Siberia, Alaska, northwestern Canada, and mountainous areas of southern Siberia and northern Mongolia. Adults have a wingspan of 42–50 mm. Larvae feed on specific host plants including dandelion, Vaccinium species, and dwarf willow. The species was transferred from the genus Acerbia to Arctia in a broader taxonomic revision of tiger moth genera.
Arctia opulenta
Opulent Tiger Moth
Arctia opulenta is a tiger moth in the family Erebidae, first described by Henry Edwards in 1881. It is a small, diurnal species restricted to high-latitude tundra habitats across northern North America. The species is notable for its Arctic-alpine distribution and specialized larval diet on willow species.
Berninelsonius hyperboreus
Beringian Click Beetle
Berninelsonius hyperboreus is a click beetle (family Elateridae) endemic to the Beringian region of the Arctic. The species was described by Gyllenhal in 1827 and represents one of the few elaterid beetles adapted to extreme northern environments. It is known from a very small number of observations and collections, reflecting both its restricted range and the difficulty of accessing its habitat. The genus Berninelsonius is monotypic, containing only this species.
Boloria chariclea
Arctic fritillary, purplish fritillary
Boloria chariclea is a Holarctic butterfly in the family Nymphalidae, known as the Arctic fritillary or purplish fritillary. It inhabits cold northern environments including tundra, taiga, alpine meadows, and acid bogs. The species exhibits a two-year life cycle in some populations, with larvae hibernating during first and second winters. Multiple subspecies are recognized across its broad range, including the endemic B. c. montinus isolated in the White Mountains of New Hampshire for approximately 9,000 years.
Boloria freija
Freija fritillary
Boloria freija is a circumboreal fritillary butterfly found in Arctic and subarctic habitats across the Northern Hemisphere. The species exhibits a two-year life cycle, with larvae feeding on specific bog and tundra plants including cloudberry and various Ericaceae. Adults are active during brief summer periods in northern latitudes.
Boloria frigga
Frigga Fritillary
Boloria frigga is a circumboreal fritillary butterfly distributed across northern bogs and tundra habitats. The species exhibits a biennial life cycle, producing one generation every two years. Larvae feed on specific bog plants including cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus) and small cranberry (Vaccinium oxycoccos). The species name derives from Frigg, a goddess in Norse mythology.
Boloria polaris
Polaris Fritillary
Boloria polaris is a high-arctic butterfly in the family Nymphalidae, occurring across the northernmost regions of the Palearctic and Nearctic. It is notable for its extreme northern distribution, being one of only six butterfly species recorded on Canada's Ellesmere Island. The species exhibits a two-year life cycle, with adults flying in late June to mid-July. Its larvae feed on specific tundra plants including Dryas octopetala and Vaccinium species.
Bombus frigidus
frigid bumblebee, frigid bumble bee
Bombus frigidus is a rare, cold-adapted bumblebee species native to arctic and subarctic regions of North America. Described by Frederick Smith in 1854, this species exhibits several specialized adaptations to its harsh environment, including thermoregulatory abilities that allow it to maintain flight at low temperatures, shortened copulation duration compared to other bumblebees, and an early-emergence colony cycle synchronized with brief arctic summers. The species has developed a notable mutualistic relationship with Mertensia paniculata, using floral color cues to efficiently locate nectar. Despite its rarity, B. frigidus is currently classified as Least Concern, though climate change poses a significant long-term threat to its specialized habitat.
Bombus natvigi
High Arctic Bumble Bee
Bombus natvigi is a cuckoo bumble bee endemic to the Nearctic Arctic, recognized as a distinct species from Bombus hyperboreus in 2015 based on genetic analysis. It is a brood parasite that invades colonies of Bombus polaris, using pheromones to manipulate host workers into rearing its offspring. The species is currently listed as Data Deficient by the IUCN Red List, reflecting limited knowledge of its population status and ecology. Its taxonomic status remains debated, with some subsequent studies treating it as a subspecies of B. hyperboreus.
Bombus neoboreus
Active Bumble Bee
Bombus neoboreus, commonly known as the active bumble bee, is an arctic species of bumblebee described by Sladen in 1919. Its range spans northern Canada and extends westward into Alaska. The species is adapted to cold, high-latitude environments. It is among the less-studied North American bumble bees, with relatively few documented observations.
Bombus polaris
Polar Bumble Bee
Bombus polaris is a social Arctic bumble bee adapted to extreme cold environments, occurring above the Arctic Circle in circumpolar regions. It possesses specialized thermoregulatory abilities, dense insulating hair, and constructs heavily insulated nests to survive near-freezing temperatures. The species has an accelerated colony cycle compressed into a short growing season of two to three months. It serves as a critical early-season pollinator in Arctic ecosystems and is the primary host for two social parasite species, Bombus hyperboreus and Bombus natvigi.
Bryophacis
Bryophacis is a genus of rove beetles (family Staphylinidae, subfamily Mycetoporinae) established by Reitter in 1909. The genus occurs in both the Palearctic and Nearctic regions, with documented species in Europe and North America. North American species were revised taxonomically in 1993, resulting in the description of new species and generic reassignments from related genera.
Carabus chamissonis
Fisher's worm and slug hunter
Carabus chamissonis is a ground beetle species restricted to tundra environments across northern North America. It occupies open, dry tundra habitats with better drainage than those used by the related Carabus truncaticollis. The species exhibits brachyptery (reduced wings) and nocturnal activity patterns. Adults overwinter within their own pupal cavities, an unusual behavior among ground beetles. Disjunct populations occur on isolated mountaintops in New England, far south of the main Arctic range.
Carabus vietinghoffii
Vietinghoff's worm and slug hunter
Carabus vietinghoffii is a ground beetle in the family Carabidae with a broad distribution spanning northern regions of North America, Europe, and Asia. The species occurs in boreal forest, sub-Arctic, and Arctic tundra habitats, where it has been documented as far north as 81°N latitude on Ellesmere Island. Research indicates this beetle is a predator, contributing to the high proportion of carnivorous beetles found in northern ecosystems. The species exhibits several recognized subspecies across its range, including C. v. vietinghoffii in North America and Alaska, and C. v. fulgidus and others in Russia and China.
Carterocephalus skada
Western Arctic Skipper
Carterocephalus skada, commonly known as the Western Arctic Skipper, is a species of butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It belongs to the genus Carterocephalus, which includes several Arctic and subarctic skipper species. The species is part of a group of butterflies adapted to cooler climates and northern latitudes.
Chetogena
Chetogena is a genus of tachinid flies (Diptera: Tachinidae) comprising parasitoid species. Members are solitary parasitoids that attack various Lepidoptera hosts. Some species exhibit specialized reproductive behaviors, including egg retention in response to host deprivation. The genus has been studied for biological control potential against agricultural pests.
Chiloxanthus stellatus
shore bug
Chiloxanthus stellatus is a predatory shore bug in the family Saldidae, distributed across Arctic and temperate regions of Europe, Northern Asia, and North America. The species inhabits moist tundra and shoreline habitats, functioning as an arthropod predator in these ecosystems. Research in Arctic Alaska has documented its population density and habitat distribution patterns in tundra environments.
Colias gigantea
Giant Sulphur, Giant Northern Sulfur
Colias gigantea, the giant sulphur, is a medium-sized butterfly in the family Pieridae found across northern North America. It inhabits tundra and willow bog habitats from Alaska eastward across Canada to the Atlantic coast, with disjunct populations in the northern Rocky Mountains. Adults are active from June through early August, with larvae feeding exclusively on willow species (Salix spp.) and adults taking flower nectar.
Colias hecla
Hecla Sulphur, Northern Clouded Yellow
A small to medium-sized sulphur butterfly of the Pieridae family, restricted to high-latitude and high-altitude regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The species shows pronounced sexual dimorphism in wing pattern, with females displaying distinctive yellow 'windows' interrupting the black marginal band. First described from Greenland, where it occurs without congeners. Multiple subspecies are recognized across its fragmented Holarctic range.
Colias tyche
Booth's sulphur, pale Arctic clouded yellow
Colias tyche is a small to medium-sized butterfly in the family Pieridae, distinguished by its pale green to greenish-white or greenish-yellow wings with visible brown veins and grey-green suffusion on the hindwing bases. The species exhibits sexual dimorphism in wing borders: males have dark borders with pale yellow spots, while females have wider dark borders with black spots. It is one of the northernmost Colias species, with a Holarctic distribution spanning Arctic and subarctic regions of North America and Eurasia. The species name references Tyche, the Greek deity of chance and luck.
Corymbitodes lobatus
Alaskan Click Beetle
A click beetle species in the family Elateridae, known from high-latitude regions of North America. The species is documented from Alaska and the Northwest Territories of Canada. Adults are active during the brief Arctic summer. The common name reflects its association with Alaskan habitats, though its range extends into northern Canada.
Desoria canadensis
Desoria canadensis is a species of springtail in the family Isotomidae, described by Brown in 1932. This small hexapod belongs to the class Collembola, a group of wingless arthropods commonly found in soil and leaf litter. The species occurs in Arctic, subarctic, and northern North American regions. As with most springtails, it likely plays a role in decomposition and nutrient cycling in soil ecosystems.
Diacheila
Diacheila is a genus of ground beetles in the family Carabidae, subfamily Elaphrinae. The genus comprises at least four described species, including one extinct species. Members are distributed across Holarctic regions, with some species restricted to Central Asia. The genus is notable for its Arctic and Subarctic specialization, particularly the well-studied D. polita, which exhibits photoperiod-driven life cycle timing.
Diacheila arctica
Arctic Diacheila
Diacheila arctica is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae. It has a Holarctic distribution, occurring in Europe, Northern Asia (excluding China), and North America. The species is classified within the subfamily Elaphrinae, a group of small to medium-sized carabid beetles often associated with moist habitats. Two subspecies are recognized: D. a. arctica (Gyllenhal, 1810) and D. a. amoena (Faldermann, 1835).
Dicyrtoma fusca
Dicyrtoma fusca is a species of globular springtail in the family Dicyrtomidae, distributed across the United States and Europe. The species exhibits variable coloration ranging from yellowish-red to dark red, with a distinctive pattern of two intersecting dorsal stripes forming a cross shape on the back. A lighter form (var. 1) and a darker subspecies (D. fusca var. rufescens) have been described, with the latter being predominantly European and characterized by yellowish eyes. The species possesses the characteristic pronged antennae typical of the genus Dicyrtoma.
springtailglobular-springtailCollembolaSymphypleonaDicyrtomidaeDicyrtomaDicyrtoma-fuscaDicyrtoma-fusca-var.-rufescensDicyrtoma-fusca-Var-1United-StatesEuropeAzoresArcticSub-arcticLubbock-1873pronged-antennaedorsal-stripescross-patternreddish-colorationyellowish-reddark-redvariable-colorationeye-colorationsubspeciescolor-variantDiplocolenus aquilonius
Diplocolenus aquilonius is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, described by Ross & Hamilton in 1970. The species is recorded from Alaska and Yukon, representing a northern distribution within its genus. As a member of the subfamily Deltocephalinae, it belongs to a diverse group of plant-feeding leafhoppers.
Dolichovespula albida
Arctic Yellowjacket
Dolichovespula albida, commonly known as the Arctic Yellowjacket, is a social wasp species in the family Vespidae. It is closely related to other Dolichovespula species such as D. arctica and D. arenaria, with which it shares ecological and behavioral traits. The species is primarily associated with northern and high-elevation habitats. Like other members of its genus, it constructs paper nests and exhibits social colony behavior with distinct castes.
Emblyna borealis
Emblyna borealis is a spider species in the family Dictynidae, distributed across boreal regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The species occurs in Arctic and subarctic environments including Greenland, northeastern Siberia, Canada, and the United States. As a member of the mesh-web weavers, it constructs characteristic tangled webs.
Emblyna borealis cavernosa
Emblyna borealis cavernosa is a subspecies of mesh-web weaver spider in the family Dictynidae. It is known from high-latitude and high-altitude regions of the northern hemisphere, including Greenland, northern Canada, and northeastern Siberia. The subspecies designation suggests cave-associated or subterranean habitat preferences, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented. Like other dictynid spiders, it constructs irregular mesh webs for prey capture.
Erebia fasciata
banded alpine
Erebia fasciata, commonly known as the banded alpine, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae, subfamily Satyrinae. It is distributed across high-latitude regions of the Northern Hemisphere, ranging from central Siberia through Alaska, Yukon, and the Canadian Arctic to Hudson Bay, with additional populations on Banks Island and Victoria Island. The species exhibits a wingspan of 38–53 mm. Adults are active from May to late July depending on location, with larvae feeding on Carex species.
Erebia rossii
Ross's Alpine, Arctic Alpine
Erebia rossii is a circumpolar butterfly species in the family Nymphalidae, subfamily Satyrinae. It occurs in Arctic and subarctic regions of North America and Eurasia. The species shows sexual dimorphism in eyespot patterns and has been documented with multiple subspecies across its broad range.
Eremaeidae
Family of oribatid mites in the order Sarcoptiformes. Found across Palearctic and Nearctic regions, with species inhabiting soil and litter from arid zones to the High Arctic. Includes genera Eremaeus, Eueremaeus, Tricheremaeus, Carinabella, Asperemaeus, and others. Sexual reproduction. Both immatures and adults feed primarily on fungi.
Eristalis gomojunovae
Arctic Drone Fly
A species of hoverfly in the genus Eristalis, commonly known as the Arctic Drone Fly. Described by Violovich in 1977, this species belongs to the drone fly group within the family Syrphidae. Like other Eristalis species, it is presumed to exhibit Batesian mimicry of bees or wasps. The specific epithet honors an individual, following the naming convention for this species. Very limited information exists on its biology and ecology compared to better-studied congeners such as Eristalis tenax.
Eucosma tarandana
Eucosma tarandana is a species of tortricid moth in the subfamily Olethreutinae, first described by Heinrich Benno Möschler in 1874. It belongs to a large genus of small moths commonly known as bell moths or tortrix moths. The species is part of the Eucosmini tribe, whose larvae are predominantly associated with coniferous and deciduous trees.
Eupithecia gelidata
Frosted Pug
Eupithecia gelidata is a small geometrid moth with a wingspan of 17–22 mm, distributed across northern boreal and arctic regions. Adults are active from June to mid-July, with one generation per year. Larval host plant associations vary geographically: South Bohemian populations are obligatorily associated with Ledum palustre, while subarctic and boreal populations use Salix spp. as alternative hosts. The species has been documented visiting apple flowers, contributing to nocturnal pollination services.
Folsomia stella
Folsomia stella is a species of springtail in the family Isotomidae, first described from North America in 1977. It belongs to a genus of small, elongate Collembola commonly found in soil and leaf litter habitats. The species has been recorded from multiple geographic regions including Arctic and sub-Arctic zones, Caribbean mainland, Hawaii, northern North America, and Pacific North America. Like other Folsomia species, it is likely a decomposer in soil ecosystems, though specific ecological studies on this species are limited.
Greya variabilis
Greya variabilis is a small moth in the family Prodoxidae, described by Davis & Pellmyr in 1992. It occurs across a broad geographic range spanning arctic Russia, Alaska, and the western coast of North America. The species inhabits contrasting environments: tundra in the northern part of its range and moist coniferous forests in the south.
Gynaephora
Arctic woolly bear moths, grassland caterpillars (Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau species)
A genus of tussock moths (Lymantriinae: Erebidae) distributed across the Holarctic in alpine, Arctic, and Subarctic regions. Best known for exceptionally slow larval development, with some species requiring multiple years to complete their life cycle. Females are flightless or nearly so, while males are strong fliers that actively search for mates. The genus includes both Arctic species (e.g., G. groenlandica, G. rossii) and high-altitude Asian species (e.g., G. alpherakii, G. menyuanensis) that are significant pests of alpine meadows on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.