Odonata
Guides
Aeshna interrupta
Variable Darner
Aeshna interrupta, commonly known as the Variable Darner, is a dragonfly species in the family Aeshnidae native to North America. Its range extends from Alaska and the Northwest Territories through Newfoundland, south to New Hampshire and Michigan in the eastern United States, and to the mountains of New Mexico, Arizona, and California in the west. The species is named for the distinctive broken stripes on the sides of the thorax present in many male specimens. It occupies diverse habitats including northern and mountain peatlands, cattail marshes, and other wetland environments.
Aeshna juncea
Common Hawker, Moorland Hawker, Sedge Darner
Aeshna juncea, known as the Common Hawker, Moorland Hawker, or Sedge Darner, is a large hawker dragonfly with a Holarctic distribution spanning the Palearctic from Ireland to Japan and northern North America. It is one of the larger Aeshna species and is strongly associated with acidic bog habitats, particularly in Scotland where it is a prominent bog specialist. The species has a flight period from June to early October. Recent genomic research has revealed that Alaskan populations underwent population bottlenecks during the most recent ice age, and the species has been used as a model for studying genome size variation in Odonata driven by transposons and repetitive elements.
Aeshna sitchensis
zigzag darner
Aeshna sitchensis, commonly known as the zigzag darner, is a species of darner dragonfly in the family Aeshnidae. It is found in North America. The species is classified as Least Concern by the IUCN, with a stable population and no immediate threats to its survival. The IUCN status was last reviewed in 2017.
Aeshna umbrosa
Shadow Darner
Aeshna umbrosa, commonly known as the Shadow Darner, is a large dragonfly species in the family Aeshnidae. It is widely distributed across North America, occurring throughout almost all of Canada and most of the United States. The species is typically associated with shaded habitats, including forested wetlands and woodland streams. Adult Shadow Darners are powerful fliers and active predators.
Aeshna verticalis
Green-striped Darner
Aeshna verticalis, the green-striped darner, is a dragonfly species in the family Aeshnidae. It is distinguished from similar darners by its green lateral thoracic stripes. The species is found in northeastern North America and holds an IUCN conservation status of Least Concern with a stable population.
Amphiagrion
Red Damsels
Amphiagrion is a genus of small damselflies in the family Coenagrionidae, endemic to North America. The genus contains two recognized species: Amphiagrion abbreviatum (western red damsel) and Amphiagrion saucium (eastern red damsel). Males exhibit bright red coloration with black markings; females are duller. The genus is notable for its association with geothermal springs and specific perching site requirements.
Amphiagrion abbreviatum
Western Red Damsel
Amphiagrion abbreviatum, the western red damsel, is a narrow-winged damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae. It exhibits unusual habitat plasticity, occurring in both lentic and lotic freshwater systems. The species shows distinct perching and roosting behaviors that differ from sympatric congeners. It is widely distributed across western North America with stable populations.
Anax
Emperors, Green Darners
Anax is a genus of large dragonflies in the family Aeshnidae, commonly known as emperors and green darners. The genus includes some of the largest and most powerful dragonflies in the world, with species distributed across multiple continents. Several Anax species are notable long-distance migrants, with Anax junius (the common green darner) being one of the most studied migratory dragonflies in North America. The genus name derives from the ancient Greek word for 'lord' or 'king', reflecting their imposing size and predatory dominance.
Anax walsinghami
giant darner, giant green darner
Anax walsinghami is the largest dragonfly species in North America, with a wingspan reaching up to 120 mm and body length of 89–117 mm. Commonly known as the giant darner or giant green darner, this species belongs to the family Aeshnidae and is distributed across Central America and North America. Despite its impressive size, it is exceeded by the closely related giant Hawaiian darner (A. strenuus). The IUCN lists the species as Least Concern with a stable population.
Anisoptera
Dragonflies
Anisoptera is the suborder of dragonflies, distinguished from damselflies (Zygoptera) by their larger, stouter bodies, eyes that touch or nearly touch at the top of the head, and wings held horizontally away from the body at rest. The name derives from Greek roots meaning 'unequal wings,' referring to the broader hindwings compared to forewings. With over 3,000 described species globally, dragonflies represent one of the most ancient lineages of flying insects, with fossil relatives dating to the Triassic Period 250 million years ago. Adults are aerial predators with exceptional flight capabilities and vision, while larvae are aquatic predators found in diverse freshwater habitats.
Apanisagrion lais
Black-and-white Damsel
Apanisagrion lais is a damselfly species in the family Coenagrionidae, commonly known as the Black-and-white Damsel. It is the sole species in its genus and is recognized by its distinctive black-and-white coloration. The species occurs in Middle America and North America, with observations documented across its range.
Aphylla angustifolia
Broad-striped Forceptail
Aphylla angustifolia, commonly known as the broad-striped forceptail, is a species of clubtail dragonfly in the family Gomphidae. It was described by Garrison in 1986. The species is found in Central America and North America and holds a conservation status of Least Concern (LC) according to the IUCN.
Aphylla williamsoni
Two-striped Forceptail
Aphylla williamsoni, commonly known as the two-striped forceptail, is a species of clubtail dragonfly in the family Gomphidae. It is native to North America and is currently classified as Least Concern by the IUCN, with a stable population and no immediate threats to its survival. The species was originally described by Gloyd in 1936 under the basionym Gomphoides williamsoni before being transferred to the genus Aphylla.
Archilestes grandis
Great Spreadwing
Archilestes grandis, commonly known as the Great Spreadwing, is a large damselfly in the family Lestidae. It is one of the largest damselfly species in North America, often mistaken for a dragonfly due to its substantial size. The species is widespread across much of the United States and extends into Mexico and Central America. When startled, individuals frequently return to the same perch or one nearby.
Argia anceps
Cerulean Dancer
Argia anceps, commonly known as the cerulean dancer, is a narrow-winged damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae. The species was described by Rosser Garrison in 1996 and is found in Central America. Its IUCN conservation status is Least Concern with a stable population.
Argia cuprea
Coppery Dancer
Argia cuprea, commonly known as the coppery dancer, is a species of narrow-winged damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae. The species is widely distributed across the Americas, occurring in Central America, North America, and South America. It was first described by Hagen in 1861. The IUCN lists this species as Least Concern with a stable population, last assessed in 2018.
Argia emma
Emma's Dancer
Argia emma, commonly known as Emma's Dancer, is a species of narrow-winged damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae. It is found in North America. The species has been assessed by the IUCN as Least Concern (LC) with a stable population and no immediate threats to survival.
Argia fumipennis
Variable Dancer
Argia fumipennis, commonly known as the Variable Dancer, is a damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae native to North America. The species exhibits notable geographic variation in coloration, with eastern populations typically displaying violet thoracic coloration while western populations tend toward blue. It is a widespread and frequently observed species, with nearly 30,000 documented observations on iNaturalist.
Argia fumipennis atra
Black Dancer
Argia fumipennis atra is a subspecies of damselfly commonly known as the Black Dancer. It belongs to the family Coenagrionidae and is currently treated as a synonym of Argia fumipennis. The subspecies was described by Gloyd in 1968 and is found in North America and Middle America, with confirmed presence in Vermont, USA. As a member of the genus Argia, it shares the typical characteristics of dancer damselflies, which are known for their distinctive wing-flicking behavior.
Argia hinei
Lavender Dancer
Argia hinei, commonly known as the Lavender Dancer, is a damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae. It is native to the western United States and adjacent northern Mexico. The species belongs to the speciose genus Argia, which has been subject to extensive taxonomic revision by Rosser Garrison and colleagues.
Argia immunda
Kiowa Dancer
Argia immunda, the Kiowa dancer, is a species of narrow-winged damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae. It occurs in Central America and North America. The IUCN lists it as Least Concern with a stable population. Like other members of the genus Argia, it is commonly referred to as a 'dancer' due to its distinctive flight pattern.
Argia lugens
Sooty Dancer
Argia lugens, commonly known as the sooty dancer, is a narrow-winged damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae. The species occurs across Central America and North America. It is classified as Least Concern by the IUCN, with a stable population and no immediate threats to survival. The genus Argia is speciose and has been subject to extensive taxonomic revision by leading Odonata specialists.
Argia munda
Apache Dancer
Argia munda, commonly known as the Apache Dancer, is a species of narrow-winged damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae. It was described by Calvert in 1902 and is distributed across Central America and North America. The species holds a Least Concern (LC) conservation status from the IUCN, with a stable population and no immediate threats to its survival.
Argia nahuana
Aztec Dancer
Argia nahuana, commonly known as the Aztec Dancer, is a damselfly species in the family Coenagrionidae. It is a member of the diverse genus Argia, which contains approximately 114 species in the Western Hemisphere. The species exhibits distinctive morphological features including a forked dark stripe on the side of the thorax and blue postocular spots.
Argia rhoadsi
golden-winged dancer
Argia rhoadsi, commonly known as the golden-winged dancer, is a species of narrow-winged damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae. It was described by Calvert in 1902. The species is found in Central America and North America. Its IUCN conservation status is Least Concern (LC) with a stable population and no immediate threats to survival.
Argia tezpi
Tezpi Dancer
Argia tezpi, commonly known as the Tezpi Dancer, is a species of narrow-winged damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae. It belongs to the speciose genus Argia, which contains approximately 114 species in the Western Hemisphere. The species is currently classified as Least Concern by the IUCN, with a stable population and no immediate threats to its survival.
Argia tibialis
Blue-tipped Dancer
Argia tibialis, commonly known as the blue-tipped dancer, is a species of narrow-winged damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae. The species is distributed across Central America and North America. It has been classified as Least Concern by the IUCN, with a stable population and no immediate threats to its survival.
Argia tonto
Tonto Dancer
Argia tonto, commonly known as the Tonto Dancer, is a species of narrow-winged damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae. It is found in Central America and North America. The IUCN lists this species as Least Concern with a stable population and no immediate threats to its survival.
Arigomphus cornutus
Horned Clubtail
Arigomphus cornutus, commonly known as the Horned Clubtail, is a dragonfly species in the family Gomphidae. It is distributed across Canada and the United States. The species belongs to a genus of clubtail dragonflies characterized by expanded terminal abdominal segments.
Arigomphus pallidus
gray-green clubtail
Arigomphus pallidus, commonly known as the gray-green clubtail, is a dragonfly species in the family Gomphidae. It is found in North America. The species has been assessed by the IUCN as Least Concern (LC), with a stable population and no immediate threats to its survival. The genus Arigomphus is part of the clubtail dragonflies, characterized by their distinctive abdominal club-like expansions.
Brechmorhoga
clubskimmers
Brechmorhoga is a genus of dragonflies in the family Libellulidae, commonly called clubskimmers due to their widened abdominal segments resembling those of clubtail dragonflies (Gomphidae). The genus was established by Kirby in 1894 and contains approximately 16 species distributed in the Americas. Members can be distinguished from true clubtails by their contiguous eyes, a characteristic feature of skimmers. The genus includes notable species such as the pale-faced clubskimmer (B. mendax), masked clubskimmer (B. pertinax), and slender clubskimmer (B. praecox).
Calopteryx
Jewelwings
Calopteryx is a genus of large damselflies in the family Calopterygidae, commonly known as jewelwings. Males typically display brightly colored wings while females usually have clear wings, though some females develop male-like (androchrome) wing characteristics. The genus lacks a pterostigma, a wing cell found in most other odonates. Species occupy distinct zones within running water systems, with differential thermal adaptations driving habitat segregation.
Calopteryx dimidiata
Sparkling Jewelwing
Calopteryx dimidiata, commonly known as the sparkling jewelwing, is a small damselfly species endemic to the eastern and southeastern United States. It is one of the smallest members of the family Calopterygidae, measuring 37–50 mm in length. The species inhabits sandy forest streams with fast-flowing water, particularly acidic streams with abundant riverside vegetation. Adults are active from spring through autumn depending on latitude, with males defending small territories and engaging in ritualized courtship flights.
Cannaphila
narrow-winged skimmers, Convict Skimmers
Small Neotropical genus of dragonflies in the family Libellulidae. Contains three species: C. insularis (with subspecies C. i. insularis and C. i. funerea), C. mortoni, and C. vibex. One species, C. insularis, extends into North America. Adults are commonly called narrow-winged skimmers.
Cannaphila insularis
gray-waisted skimmer
Cannaphila insularis, commonly known as the gray-waisted skimmer, is a dragonfly species in the family Libellulidae. The species includes two recognized subspecies: C. i. insularis (nominate) and C. i. funerea. It is distributed across the Caribbean, Central America, and North America, with the nominate subspecies occurring on Hispaniola, Jamaica, and Isla de Pinos (Cuba), while C. i. funerea ranges from southern Texas through Colombia and is widely distributed in Cuba. The species inhabits lentic freshwater environments including lagoons, ponds, and slow-moving streams with abundant herbaceous vegetation. The last instar larva of C. i. funerea has been formally described, providing diagnostic morphological characters for identification.
Celithemis amanda
Amanda's Pennant
Celithemis amanda, commonly known as Amanda's Pennant, is a dragonfly species in the family Libellulidae. It is native to the southeastern United States. The species is part of a genus of small to medium-sized skimmer dragonflies found primarily in North America.
Celithemis elisa
Calico Pennant
Celithemis elisa, commonly known as the calico pennant, is a dragonfly species in the family Libellulidae native to eastern North America. Adults are small to medium-sized (24–34 mm body length) with distinctive brown spots at the wing bases and tips. The species inhabits calm freshwater bodies with emergent vegetation and exhibits spatial partitioning of perching microhabitats when co-occurring with congeners.
Celithemis fasciata
Banded Pennant
Celithemis fasciata, commonly known as the banded pennant, is a dragonfly species in the skimmer family Libellulidae native to the eastern and central United States. Adults are approximately 33 mm in length and are distinguished by extensive, sharply defined black markings on the wings, though wing pattern intensity varies geographically with northern individuals showing less coloration. The species inhabits lentic waters including ponds, lakes, and ditches. Research has demonstrated that individuals exhibit prey preference for small dipteran prey over larger alternatives and engage in prey switching behavior based on relative prey densities.
Celithemis martha
Martha's Pennant
Celithemis martha, commonly known as Martha's Pennant, is a dragonfly species in the family Libellulidae. It was described by Williamson in 1922 and is named in honor of entomologist Martha Wadsworth. The species occurs in North America and holds a Least Concern conservation status from the IUCN, with a stable population as of 2017.
Chromagrion
aurora damsels
Chromagrion is a genus of damselflies in the family Coenagrionidae, commonly known as aurora damsels. The genus contains a single described species, Chromagrion conditum. These insects are part of the pond damselfly family, which is one of the largest families within the Odonata order.
Chromagrion conditum
Aurora Damsel
Chromagrion conditum, commonly known as the Aurora Damsel, is the sole species in its genus. This small damselfly is distinguished by its striking coloration with bright yellow-green thorax and blue abdominal markings in males. It inhabits forested streams and seeps across eastern North America. The species is notable for its early spring emergence, often appearing before most other damselflies in its range.
Chrysops cincticornis
Ring-clawed Deer Fly
Chrysops cincticornis is a deer fly in the family Tabanidae, first described by Walker in 1848. It is commonly known as the Ring-clawed Deer Fly. The species has been documented in Vermont and other parts of the United States, with 291 observations recorded on iNaturalist. Research on this species has focused on its oviposition behavior and fecundity, with laboratory studies showing females deposit eggs in gelatinous masses on mud substrates near water, averaging 156 eggs per female.
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Eurasian Bluets, Northern Bluets
Coenagrion is a genus of damselflies in the family Coenagrionidae, commonly called Eurasian Bluets or Northern Bluets. Species are generally medium-sized with bright coloration. While predominantly Eurasian in distribution, three species occur in North America: C. angulatum, C. interrogatum, and C. resolutum. The genus exhibits phenotypic plasticity in thermal adaptation, with high-latitude populations showing significant thermal adaptation capacity.
Coenagrion resolutum
taiga bluet
Coenagrion resolutum, commonly known as the taiga bluet, is a damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae. Males exhibit blue coloration with black dorsal markings on abdominal segments 3–5, while females appear greenish-blue to yellowish-green with nearly contiguous black dorsal markings. The species has been studied for its larval growth ecology, showing slower development compared to sympatric species like Lestes disjunctus.
Coenagrionidae
Narrow-winged Damselflies, Pond Damselflies
Coenagrionidae is the largest family of damselflies, comprising over 1,300 species across more than 110 genera. Members are commonly known as narrow-winged or pond damselflies. They are distinguished from other damselfly families by wing venation characters, including two antenodal cross veins and the position of vein M3 relative to the nodus and arculus. The family has a worldwide distribution and is divided into six subfamilies: Agriocnemidinae, Argiinae, Coenagrioninae, Ischnurinae, Leptobasinae, and Pseudagrioninae.
Cordulegaster bilineata
brown spiketail
Cordulegaster bilineata, commonly known as the brown spiketail, is a dragonfly species in the family Cordulegastridae. It occurs in North America and is classified as Least Concern by the IUCN with a stable population. The species was described by Carle in 1983. Like other spiketails, females possess a prominent ovipositor that gives the group its common name.
Cordulegaster diadema
Apache spiketail
Cordulegaster diadema, commonly known as the Apache spiketail, is a dragonfly species in the family Cordulegastridae. Adults typically measure 74–88 millimeters in length. The species ranges from the southwestern United States through Mexico to Costa Rica. Females possess a prominent ovipositor that gives the species its common name 'spiketail'.
Cordulegaster dorsalis
Pacific spiketail
Cordulegaster dorsalis, commonly known as the Pacific spiketail, is a dragonfly species in the family Cordulegastridae. Larvae inhabit intermittent headwater streams and typically require three years to reach maturity, emerging as adults during July and August. The species shows evidence of sediment microhabitat partitioning, with smaller larval instars associated with finer-grained organic sediments.
Cordulegaster erronea
tiger spiketail
Cordulegaster erronea, the tiger spiketail, is a large, uncommon dragonfly in the family Cordulegastridae. It is a habitat specialist requiring small, pristine, spring-fed forest streams with muck bottoms and overhanging vegetation. The species has a long larval period estimated at 3-4 years and a brief adult flight period of approximately 2-3 weeks in early summer. Radio-telemetry studies in New Jersey have revealed limited adult movement, with individuals typically remaining within 100-200 meters of natal streams and showing strong site fidelity.
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sayi
Say's spiketail
Cordulegaster sayi, commonly known as Say's spiketail, is a dragonfly species in the family Cordulegastridae. It is endemic to the United States. The species belongs to a genus characterized by prominent spikelike ovipositors in females, a trait referenced in the common name 'spiketail.'