Lepidoptera

  • Monarch Butterflies and their extraordinary migration
    At first glance, the monarch butterfly seems built for beauty, not endurance. Its paper-thin wings look like they could tear in a strong breeze, and its delicate body appears better suited for floating between flowers than crossing continents. Yet these seemingly fragile creatures pull off one of nature's most incredible feats: a 3,000-mile migration. Just like geese, caribou, and senior citizens, they undertake this migration to avoid the harsh winters of the north.
  • Atlas Moths
    Explore the captivating world of Atlas moths, the majestic giants of the moth kingdom, renowned for their immense wingspan and striking appearance. Delve into their fascinating physical characteristics, behaviors, life cycle, habitat preferences, and conservation status.

Guides

  • Abaeis nicippe

    Sleepy Orange

    Abaeis nicippe, commonly known as the Sleepy Orange, is a medium-sized butterfly in the family Pieridae. The species exhibits seasonal variation in coloration, with summer individuals typically bright orange and winter forms showing darker, more heavily marked wings. It is known for its hilltopping behavior, where males patrol ridge tops and summits to locate females. The species has been documented engaging in aerial competitions with other males when pursuing females.

  • Abagrotis benjamini

    Coastal Heathland Cutworm Moth

    Abagrotis benjamini is a moth in the family Noctuidae, described by Franclemont in 1955. It is currently treated as a synonym of Abagrotis nefascia. The species is known from coastal heathland habitats in North America, with records from Alberta, Canada. As a member of the cutworm moth group, it likely shares ecological traits with related Abagrotis species, though specific biological details remain poorly documented.

  • Abagrotis forbesi

    Forbes' dart moth

    A noctuid moth species described by Benjamin in 1921. The species is part of the diverse dart moth genus Abagrotis, which contains numerous North American species. The specific epithet honors an entomologist, likely William T.M. Forbes, a prominent lepidopterist. The species has been documented in North America with 23 iNaturalist observations, though detailed natural history information appears limited in available sources.

  • Abagrotis reedi

    Reed's Dart

    Abagrotis reedi is a noctuid moth described by John S. Buckett in 1969. It occurs across western and central North America, from California through the Rocky Mountain states to Iowa, with Canadian populations in the prairie provinces and British Columbia. The species has a moderate wingspan of 33–36 mm. It is one of approximately 30 species in the genus Abagrotis, a group of dart moths primarily distributed in North America.

  • Abrostolini

    Abrostolini is a small tribe of moths in the subfamily Plusiinae, family Noctuidae. The tribe was established by Eichlin and Cunningham in 1978 and contains two genera: Abrostola and Mouralia. Members of this tribe are part of the diverse noctuid moth fauna, with species distributed across various regions.

  • Acantholespesia comstocki

    Acantholespesia comstocki is a tachinid fly species described by Williston in 1889. As a member of the bristle fly family Tachinidae, it functions as a parasitoid of lepidopteran larvae. Its known hosts include butterflies from three families: Hesperiidae (skippers), Megathymidae (giant skippers), and Pyralidae (snout moths). The species occurs in the United States.

  • Acanthopteroctetes unifascia

    Acanthopteroctetes unifascia is a small moth in the family Acanthopteroctetidae, described by Davis in 1978. It is known from Montana, where adults are active in July. The species has been studied for its anatomical features, which retain ancestral traits while also showing unique specializations in larval trunk and adult head structures. These characteristics suggest it represents a transitional form in moth evolution.

  • Acasis

    Yellow-barred brindle (A. viretata), Olive-and-black carpet (A. viridata)

    Acasis is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae, subfamily Larentiinae, established by Philogène Auguste Joseph Duponchel in 1845. The genus contains at least three recognized species, including the well-documented Acasis viretata (Yellow-barred Brindle), which has been the subject of genome sequencing research. Species within this genus are small to medium-sized geometrid moths with distinctive wing patterns. Information on most species remains limited, with detailed biological data available primarily for A. viretata.

  • Acontiinae

    bird dropping moths

    Acontiinae is a subfamily of moths within the family Noctuidae, commonly known as bird dropping moths. The subfamily contains over 50 genera and approximately 430 described species distributed worldwide in temperate and tropical climates. Many species exhibit remarkable bird-dropping mimicry as adults, with cryptic coloration and patterning that renders them nearly invisible against lichen-covered bark or actual bird droppings.

  • Acontiini

    Acontiini is a tribe of moths within the subfamily Acontiinae (family Noctuidae). Members are generally small to medium-sized noctuoid moths. The tribe has been the subject of taxonomic revision, with some genera historically placed here later reassigned to related tribes. Acontiini includes species with diverse morphologies but generally shares characteristics of reduced or simplified wing venation patterns compared to other noctuine groups.

  • Acossus populi

    aspen carpenterworm

    Acossus populi is a moth in the family Cossidae, commonly known as the aspen carpenterworm. The species has a wingspan of 50–68 mm. It is distributed across western North America, including the western United States and parts of Canada. The larvae are specialized feeders on Populus species, particularly trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides). The species was first described by Francis Walker in 1856.

  • Acrapex

    Acrapex is a genus of noctuid moths established by George Hampson in 1894. Species in this genus are distinguished by their slender body form and specific wing venation patterns. The genus is placed within the subfamily Noctuinae.

  • Acrobasis caliginella

    Acrobasis caliginella is a snout moth (Pyralidae: Phycitinae) described by George Duryea Hulst in 1878. The species is restricted to the southwestern United States, with confirmed records from California and Arizona. Larvae feed on multiple oak species (Quercus spp.), including coast live oak and interior live oak. Like other Acrobasis species, it likely develops as a concealed feeder in host plant tissues.

  • Acrolophus

    Grass Tubeworm Moths

    Acrolophus is a genus of moths in the family Acrolophidae, originally described by Felipe Poey in 1832. The genus was formerly classified in the family Tineidae (clothes moths) but has been reassigned to Acrolophidae based on revised phylogenetic understanding. Species in this genus are commonly known as "grass tube moths" or "grass tubeworm moths" due to the distinctive larval behavior of spinning silken tubes at the base of grasses or around grass roots for concealment while feeding. The genus exhibits exceptional individual variation in color pattern within species, rendering field identification of many specimens difficult or impossible without dissection or molecular analysis.

  • Acrolophus

    grass tube moths

    Acrolophus is a genus of moths in the family Acrolophidae, commonly known as "grass tube moths." The family was formerly placed in Tineidae (clothes moths and kin) but has been reclassified based on updated evolutionary relationships. Larvae of many species construct silken tubes at the base of grasses or grass roots for concealment while feeding.

  • Acrolophus arcanella

    grass tubeworm moth

    Acrolophus arcanella, commonly known as the grass tubeworm moth, is a small moth species in the family Acrolophidae. It occurs in eastern North America, where its caterpillars are known to spin silken tubes at the base of grasses or grass roots for concealment while feeding. The species has a wingspan of approximately 25 mm. Like other members of the genus, it was formerly classified in the family Tineidae before being reassigned to Acrolophidae based on revised taxonomic understanding.

  • Acrolophus bicornutus

    Acrolophus bicornutus is a small moth species in the family Acrolophidae, described by Hasbrouck in 1964. It is known only from Florida. The wingspan measures approximately 13 mm. Like other members of the genus Acrolophus, it is commonly referred to as a "grass tube moth" due to larval habits of spinning silken tubes at grass bases or roots.

  • Acrolophus cockerelli

    Acrolophus cockerelli is a small moth in the family Acrolophidae, historically classified in Tineidae. The species occurs in the southwestern and western United States. Adults have a wingspan of approximately 17 mm. Larvae of Acrolophus species are known as "grass tube moths" for their habit of spinning silken tubes at grass bases or roots.

  • Acrolophus furcatus

    Acrolophus furcatus is a small moth in the family Acrolophidae, described by Lord Walsingham in 1887. The species is known from arid and semi-arid regions of southwestern North America, with records from Arizona, California, and Texas. Like other members of the genus, it is commonly referred to as a 'grass tubeworm moth' due to larval behavior. The family Acrolophidae was historically treated as a subfamily of Tineidae but is now recognized as distinct.

  • Acrolophus griseus

    Grass Tube Moth

    Acrolophus griseus is a small moth in the family Acrolophidae, described by Lord Walsingham in 1887. It belongs to a genus commonly known as 'grass tube moths' due to the larval habit of spinning silken tubes at grass bases or roots for concealment while feeding. The species occurs in arid and semi-arid regions of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. It was historically classified in the family Tineidae but has been reassigned to Acrolophidae based on phylogenetic studies.

  • Acrolophus griseus capitatus

    A subspecies of grass tube moth in the family Acrolophidae, described by Hasbrouck in 1964. Acrolophus species are characterized by caterpillars that construct silken tubes at the base of grasses or grass roots for concealment while feeding. The family Acrolophidae was historically placed within Tineidae but is now recognized as distinct. This subspecies belongs to a genus commonly encountered during moth surveys and blacklighting events in North America.

  • Acrolophus griseus griseus

    Acrolophus griseus griseus is a subspecies of grass tube moth in the family Acrolophidae. The genus Acrolophus was historically placed in the family Tineidae but has been reclassified to Acrolophidae based on modern phylogenetic studies. Members of this genus are known as "grass tube moths" due to larval behavior of spinning silken tubes at grass bases or roots for concealment while feeding. This subspecies represents a distinct population within the widespread species A. griseus.

  • Acrolophus mora

    dark acrolophus

    Acrolophus mora is a small moth in the family Acrolophidae, commonly known as the dark acrolophus. The species was described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1881. It occurs across eastern North America from Quebec to Florida and west to the Mississippi River drainage. Sexual dimorphism is present in wingspan, with males measuring approximately 20 mm and females approximately 26 mm.

  • Acrolophus mycetophagus

    Frilly Grass Tubeworm Moth

    A small moth in the family Acrolophidae, described by Donald R. Davis in 1990. The common name "Frilly Grass Tubeworm Moth" reflects its membership in a genus whose larvae construct silken tubes at grass bases or roots. The species occurs in the southeastern United States and has a wingspan of 16–17 mm.

  • Acrolophus occidens

    grass tube moth

    A species of grass tube moth in the family Acrolophidae. The genus Acrolophus was formerly placed in the family Tineidae (clothes moths) but has been reclassified based on updated taxonomy. Like other members of the genus, the caterpillars are known as "grass tube moths" for their habit of spinning silken tubes at the base of grasses or grass roots for concealment while feeding. Adults are attracted to blacklights and ultraviolet light sources.

  • Acrolophus piger

    piger grass tubeworm moth

    Acrolophus piger, commonly known as the piger grass tubeworm moth, is a small moth in the family Tineidae (subfamily Acrolophinae). First described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1900, this species is found in the southeastern United States. The genus Acrolophus is known as "grass tubeworm moths" because larvae typically spin silken tubes at the base of grasses or grass roots for concealment while feeding. Adult wingspan is approximately 16 mm.

  • Acrolophus quadrellus

    Acrolophus quadrellus is a small moth in the family Acrolophidae, described by Barnes and McDunnough in 1913. The species belongs to a genus commonly known as "grass tubeworm moths" due to larval behavior of spinning silken tubes at grass bases or roots. It is recorded from Arizona and broader North America, though specific details about its biology remain limited.

  • Acrolophus simulatus

    Acrolophus simulatus is a species of moth in the family Acrolophidae, described by Walsingham in 1882. It is one of many species in the genus commonly known as "grass tube moths" due to larval behavior. The species is documented from North America, with records from Florida and Texas. Like other members of Acrolophus, it is presumed to have larvae that construct silken tubes at the base of grasses or grass roots for concealment while feeding.

  • Acrolophus spilotus

    Spotted Grass Tubeworm Moth

    Acrolophus spilotus is a small moth in the family Acrolophidae, described by Donald R. Davis in 1990. It is one of many 'grass tubeworm moths' in the genus Acrolophus, a group whose caterpillars spin silken tubes at the base of grasses or grass roots for concealment while feeding. The species is known from a limited distribution in the southeastern United States.

  • Acrolophus walsinghami

    Acrolophus walsinghami is a small moth in the family Acrolophidae, first described by Möschler in 1890. The genus Acrolophus, commonly known as "grass tube moths," includes species whose larvae construct silken tubes at grass bases or roots for concealment while feeding. Adults are attracted to light and have been documented during moth surveys in late summer. The species has undergone taxonomic reclassification, formerly placed in the family Tineidae before being moved to Acrolophidae.

  • Acronicta

    Dagger Moths

    Acronicta is a genus of approximately 150 noctuid moth species distributed primarily in the temperate Holarctic, with some species extending into adjacent subtropical regions. Adults are medium-sized moths commonly known as dagger moths due to distinctive black dagger-shaped markings on the forewings of most species; some species display a conspicuous dark ring marking instead. The genus was established by Carl Linnaeus in 1758.

  • Acronicta afflicta

    afflicted dagger moth

    Acronicta afflicta, commonly known as the afflicted dagger moth, is a noctuid moth species found across eastern North America. Adults have a wingspan of approximately 36 mm and are active from May to September depending on location. The species is notable for its larval association with oak species (Quercus), distinguishing it ecologically from related dagger moths.

  • Acronicta albarufa exempta

    Acronicta albarufa exempta is a subspecies of dagger moth in the family Noctuidae. It belongs to the genus Acronicta, a diverse group of moths commonly known as dagger moths due to the dagger-like markings on their forewings. The subspecies designation indicates geographic or morphological variation within the species A. albarufa. Like other Acronicta species, it undergoes complete metamorphosis with caterpillar and adult moth stages.

  • Acronicta atristrigatus

    Acronicta atristrigatus is a species of owlet moth in the family Noctuidae. It was described by Smith in 1900. The species is recorded from North America and is assigned MONA/Hodges number 9232. As a member of the genus Acronicta, it belongs to a group commonly known as dagger moths, though specific natural history details for this particular species remain poorly documented.

  • Acronicta browni

    Acronicta browni is a moth species in the family Noctuidae, described by Mustelin and Leuschner in 2000. It belongs to the genus Acronicta, commonly known as dagger moths, characterized by distinctive dark dagger-shaped markings on the forewings of many species. The species is known from North America, with confirmed records from California. Like other members of its genus, it is presumed to have a typical noctuid life cycle with nocturnal adult activity.

  • Acronicta exilis

    exiled dagger moth, Lesser Oak Dagger

    Acronicta exilis is a noctuid moth commonly known as the exiled dagger moth or Lesser Oak Dagger. It is native to eastern North America, with documented populations in Iowa, New York, Maryland, Arkansas, Delaware, and Manitoba. The species is associated with oak habitats, as its larvae feed on Quercus species. Like other dagger moths, it likely exhibits typical noctuid life history traits including nocturnal adult activity and complete metamorphosis.

  • Acronicta falcula

    corylus dagger moth, Hazel Dagger

    Acronicta falcula is a North American noctuid moth commonly known as the corylus dagger moth or Hazel Dagger. The species was described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1877 and occurs primarily in the northeastern and north-central United States and adjacent Canada. It is associated with Corylus (hazel) species, on which its larvae feed. The species is considered rare in some parts of its range and is listed as a species of special concern in Connecticut.

  • Acronicta laetifica

    Pleasant Dagger, Pleasant Dagger Moth

    Acronicta laetifica, commonly known as the Pleasant Dagger, is a moth species in the family Noctuidae. It is a member of the dagger moth genus Acronicta, characterized by distinctive forewing markings that include a dark dagger-shaped streak. The species occurs across eastern North America, with larvae that feed on various woody plants.

  • Acronicta liturata

    Acronicta liturata is a moth species in the family Noctuidae, originally described by Smith in 1897. It is currently treated as a synonym of Acronicta brumosa in taxonomic databases. The species belongs to the dagger moth genus Acronicta, a group known for caterpillars with distinctive tufts or 'daggers' of setae. Like other members of this genus, it is presumed to have a life cycle involving herbivorous larval stages and nocturnal adult moths.

  • Acronicta nr-othello

    A North American dagger moth currently recognized as a near-relative to Acronicta othello, awaiting formal taxonomic resolution. The 'nr' designation indicates this population or specimen cluster resembles A. othello but may represent an undescribed species or distinct geographic variant. Dagger moths in this genus are characterized by their stout bodies and typically exhibit bold wing patterns with distinctive dark markings.

  • Acronicta spinea

    Acronicta spinea is a species of owlet moth in the family Noctuidae, first described by Grote in 1876. It belongs to the genus Acronicta, commonly known as dagger moths, characterized by distinctive dark markings on the forewings that often resemble a dagger shape. The species is recorded from North America, though specific details about its biology and ecology remain limited in available literature.

  • Acronicta superans

    Splendid Dagger, Splendid Dagger Moth

    A medium-sized noctuid moth with a 40–45 mm wingspan. Adults are active from May to August across much of eastern and central North America. The species has shown recent westward range expansion into Alberta.

  • Acronicta tota

    Acronicta tota is a moth species in the family Noctuidae, first described by Grote in 1879. It belongs to the dagger moth genus Acronicta, a diverse group of noctuid moths whose caterpillars often possess distinctive tufts or projections. The species is documented from Texas and has been recorded in North America. Like other members of its genus, it is presumed to be nocturnal and attracted to light sources, though specific behavioral details remain poorly documented.

  • Acronictinae

    Acronictinae is a large subfamily of moths within the family Noctuidae. Members are commonly known as dagger moths, a name derived from the distinctive dark, dagger-shaped markings present on the forewings of many species. The subfamily contains numerous species distributed across diverse habitats, with larvae that exhibit varied feeding habits.

  • Aethes

    Conch moths

    Aethes is a genus of small tortricid moths (family Tortricidae, subfamily Tortricinae, tribe Cochylini) comprising approximately 70-75 described species distributed across the Palaearctic region. Species are characterized by small size (wingspans typically 8-23 mm), narrow forewings, and often subtle coloration in yellow, brown, or grey tones with variable fasciation patterns. Larvae are generally associated with Asteraceae, feeding in stems, roots, and seed heads of host plants. The genus includes several well-known species such as Aethes cnicana (Thistle Conch) and Aethes hartmanniana that have been subject to intensive ecological study.

  • Aethes angulatana

    Angular Aethes Moth, angular aethes

    Aethes angulatana, commonly known as the Angular Aethes Moth, is a small tortricid moth described by Robinson in 1869. Adults are active during summer months, with flight periods varying by latitude. The species is relatively well-documented with over 200 iNaturalist observations.

  • Aethes deutschiana

    Aethes deutschiana is a small tortricid moth first described by Zetterstedt in 1839. It belongs to the genus Aethes, a group of moths commonly known as false bell moths or flat-bodied moths. The species has a notably broad geographic range spanning the Palearctic region and extending to North America, suggesting either natural dispersal capabilities or possible human-mediated introduction to the Nearctic.

  • Aethes sonorae

    streaked aethes moth

    Aethes sonorae is a small tortricid moth with a wingspan of approximately 13 mm. The species was described by Walsingham in 1884 from Sonora, Mexico, and has since been recorded from the southern United States. It belongs to the genus Aethes, a diverse group of small moths commonly known as the aethes moths.

  • Aethiophysa invisalis

    Invisible Crambid

    Aethiophysa invisalis is a small moth in the family Crambidae, commonly known as the Invisible Crambid. It was first described by French entomologist Achille Guenée in 1854. The species has a broad distribution across the Americas, with records from eastern North America through Central America to South America. Despite its common name, it is not particularly cryptic; the name likely refers to its small size and inconspicuous appearance among vegetation.

  • Aetole cera

    Aetole cera is a species of moth in the family Noctuidae, subfamily Acontiinae. Species in this genus are generally small to medium-sized moths with distinctive wing patterns. The genus Aetole is part of the diverse tribe Acontiini, which contains many species with cryptic or aposematic coloration.