Population-viability

Guides

• Cordulegaster erronea

  tiger spiketail

  Cordulegaster erronea, the tiger spiketail, is a large, uncommon dragonfly in the family Cordulegastridae. It is a habitat specialist requiring small, pristine, spring-fed forest streams with muck bottoms and overhanging vegetation. The species has a long larval period estimated at 3-4 years and a brief adult flight period of approximately 2-3 weeks in early summer. Radio-telemetry studies in New Jersey have revealed limited adult movement, with individuals typically remaining within 100-200 meters of natal streams and showing strong site fidelity.

  dragonflyspiketailhabitat-specialistforest-streamradio-telemetryconservationNew-JerseyCordulegastridaeOdonataindicator-speciesheadwater-streamsmetapopulationterritorial-behaviorcrepuscular-activitylong-larval-developmentsite-fidelitymature-forest-dependentspring-fed-streamsmuck-bottom-streamsoverhanging-vegetationshaded-streamslimited-dispersalfragmented-populationspristine-habitataquatic-nymphovipositorearly-summer-emergencebrief-adult-lifecanopy-useeasily-disturbedhuman-disturbance-sensitivetop-predatorstream-ecosystemconservation-concernIUCN-Least-Concernstable-populationeastern-North-Americapatchy-distributionlocalized-populationsterritorial-malespatrolling-behavioroviposition-in-organic-matterspecialized-habitat-requirementsforest-protection-neededregulatory-protection-insufficientaquatic-insectodonateAnisopteraCordulegastroideaSelys-1878tiger-spiketailuncommon-speciesrare-encountersfield-identification-challengehabitat-degradation-threatforest-fragmentation-impactwater-quality-dependentperennial-streamsseepage-fed-streamsadjacent-forest-usemovement-ecologyhome-range-limitednatal-stream-fidelityconservation-recommendationsmature-forest-bufferstream-corridor-protectionheadwater-conservationforest-stream-specialistecosystem-engineerbiodiversity-indicatorclimate-change-vulnerabilityhabitat-loss-sensitivitydevelopment-pressureprotected-areas-benefitcitizen-science-potentialnatural-history-knowledge-gapresearch-priority-speciesmonitoring-targetpopulation-stabilityleast-concern-statusno-immediate-threatstable-IUCN-assessmentNorth-American-endemiceastern-rangeNew-Jersey-study-sitedetailed-life-history-knownradiotelemetry-pioneer-studyfirst-radio-telemetry-for-speciesmovement-studyhabitat-use-studyhome-range-estimationconservation-biology-case-studyforest-management-implicationsbuffer-zone-requirementsstream-protection-needsbeyond-stream-corridor-protectionforest-matrix-importancecanopy-connectivityshade-requirementsthermal-regime-sensitivityhydrological-stability-needsmuck-substrate-preferenceorganic-matter-ovipositionspecialized-reproductive-behaviorterritorial-defensemale-male-competitionfemale-habitat-usenon-breeding-habitat-useforaging-in-canopyroosting-behavioractivity-patterncrepuscular-peakmorning-activitylate-afternoon-activityhuman-disturbance-responseflight-initiation-distanceconservation-behaviormanagement-recommendationspolicy-implicationsregulatory-gapprotected-area-designlandscape-conservationmetapopulation-dynamicssubpopulation-connectivitycolonization-extinction-dynamicshabitat-patch-sizehabitat-patch-qualityhabitat-patch-isolationpopulation-viabilitydemographic-stochasticityenvironmental-stochasticitygenetic-diversity-concernsinbreeding-riskdrift-effectsconservation-genetics-needslong-term-monitoringadaptive-managementhabitat-restoration-potentialreintroduction-feasibilitycaptive-propagation-unnecessaryin-situ-conservation-priorityex-situ-conservation-not-indicatedsite-based-conservationstewardship-needseducation-valuenatural-heritage-significanceecotourism-potential-limitedresearch-tourism-potentialphotography-challengefield-observation-difficultyelusive-specieslow-detection-probabilitysurvey-methodology-needsenvironmental-assessment-indicatorimpact-assessment-speciesdevelopment-review-triggermitigation-requirementscompensatory-habitat-needsoffset-feasibility-limitedno-net-loss-challengehabitat-irreplaceabilityconservation-offset-unsuitableprecautionary-approach-warrantedenvironmental-planning-integrationstrategic-environmental-assessmentcumulative-effects-assessmentclimate-adaptation-planningrefugia-identificationassisted-migration-not-appropriatehabitat-management-guidelinesforest-management-integrationsilviculture-impactsharvest-timing-restrictionsbuffer-retentionriparian-zone-widthcanopy-retentionroad-impactssedimentation-sensitivitynutrient-loading-sensitivitychemical-contamination-sensitivitythermal-pollution-sensitivityflow-alteration-sensitivitygroundwater-dependencebaseflow-maintenancehydrological-connectivitywetland-complex-associationseepage-zone-protectionheadwater-protection-prioritywatershed-scale-conservationlandscape-context-importancematrix-quality-effectsedge-effects-sensitivityfragmentation-impactscorridor-needsstepping-stone-habitatnetwork-connectivitypopulation-source-sink-dynamicsdemographic-source-populationsrescue-effectstargeted-conservation-actionspecies-specific-managementhabitat-suitability-modelingdistribution-modeling-needsoccupancy-modeling-potentialdetection-probability-estimationsurvey-design-optimizationmonitoring-protocol-developmenttrend-analysis-needspopulation-status-assessmentthreat-assessmentrecovery-planning-not-triggeredprevention-oriented-conservationproactive-managementearly-intervention-opportunityconservation-investment-efficiencycost-effective-protectionpriority-site-identificationconservation-opportunity-mappingland-protection-strategieseasement-potentialfee-simple-acquisitionstewardship-agreement-needsmanagement-agreement-needsconservation-partnership-opportunitiescommunity-engagement-potentialcitizen-science-integrationvolunteer-monitoring-programnaturalist-training-valueoutdoor-education-resourceinterpretive-program-potentialnature-center-exhibit-valueconservation-awareness-raisingflagship-species-potentialumbrella-species-potentialsurrogate-species-valueecosystem-surrogate-potentialhabitat-surrogate-valueco-occurrence-patternsspecies-assemblage-indicatorcommunity-integrity-indicatorfunctional-diversity-roletrophic-positionpredator-prey-dynamicstop-down-effectsinvertebrate-community-structure-influenceecosystem-process-effectsnutrient-cycling-roleenergy-flow-roledetrital-food-web-connectionaquatic-terrestrial-linkageemergence-subsidyriparian-food-web-supportcross-ecosystem-effectslandscape-ecosystem-servicewater-quality-maintenancenatural-filtration-supportsediment-stabilizationchannel-stability-contributionfloodplain-function-supportbiodiversity-maintenancegenetic-resource-valueevolutionary-significancephylogenetic-distinctivenesstaxonomic-uniquenessbiogeographic-interestglacial-refugia-potentialpost-glacial-colonization-historyphylogeography-research-potentialspeciation-patternsadaptive-radiation-contextcomparative-biology-valuedevelopmental-biology-interestphysiological-ecology-potentialbehavioral-ecology-modelmovement-ecology-modelconservation-biology-modelclimate-change-biology-modelphenology-research-potentiallife-history-evolutionreproductive-strategy-interestmating-system-characteristicssexual-selection-potentialparental-investment-patternsoffspring-size-strategieshabitat-selection-behaviordispersal-behavior-evolutionphilopatry-evolutionsite-fidelity-evolutionterritoriality-evolutionaggression-patternsrisk-taking-behavioranti-predator-behaviorforaging-behaviorprey-selectionpredation-risk-effectscompetitive-interactionsinterspecific-competitionintraspecific-competitiondensity-dependencepopulation-regulation-mechanismsAllee-effects-potentialpopulation-dynamics-modelingextinction-risk-assessmentstochastic-simulation-needsviability-analysis-potentialminimum-viable-populationminimum-dynamic-areahabitat-area-requirementshabitat-configuration-needscritical-habitat-designation-potentialendangered-species-listing-not-warrantedspecies-of-conservation-concern-statuswatch-list-inclusionranking-system-applicationheritage-rank-interpretationglobal-rank-assessmentstate-rank-assessmentconservation-status-assessmenttrend-assessmentknowledge-status-evaluationinformation-needs-identificationresearch-priority-settingfunding-priority-justificationgrant-proposal-foundationacademic-research-opportunitythesis-project-suitabilitydissertation-potentialpostdoctoral-research-opportunitycollaborative-research-potentialinterdisciplinary-research-valueintegrative-biology-examplesystems-biology-applicationbioindicator-validationbiomonitoring-protocolenvironmental-quality-indicatorecosystem-health-indicatorrestoration-success-indicatormanagement-effectiveness-measureconservation-outcome-metricperformance-monitoring-tooladaptive-management-feedbackevidence-based-conservationscience-policy-interfaceknowledge-transfer-potentialscience-communication-valuepublic-engagement-opportunitymedia-interest-potentialstorytelling-valuenarrative-conservationemotional-connection-potentialaesthetic-valueintrinsic-valueexistence-valuebequest-valueoption-valuedirect-use-value-limitedindirect-use-valuenon-use-value-predominancetotal-economic-value-estimationecosystem-service-valuationnatural-capital-accountinggreen-infrastructure-valuationnature-based-solution-potentialclimate-mitigation-co-benefitsclimate-adaptation-co-benefitsdisaster-risk-reduction-valuewater-security-contributionfood-security-limited-relevancelivelihood-support-limitedcultural-service-valuespiritual-value-limitedrecreational-value-limitededucational-service-valuescientific-service-valueknowledge-generation-valueinspiration-valuesymbolic-value-limitedidentity-value-limitedsense-of-place-limitedheritage-valueintergenerational-equity-considerationsustainability-principle-applicationprecautionary-principle-applicationpolluter-pays-principle-limitedbeneficiary-pays-principlecommon-but-differentiated-responsibilities-limitedintra-generational-equity-considerationprocedural-equity-considerationrecognition-equity-considerationdistributional-equity-considerationenvironmental-justice-relevanceindigenous-knowledge-integration-limitedlocal-knowledge-integration-potentialtraditional-ecological-knowledge-limitedcitizen-knowledge-integrationstakeholder-engagement-needsparticipatory-conservation-approachcommunity-based-conservation-potentialco-management-opportunity-limitedadaptive-co-management-potentiallearning-based-managementsocial-ecological-system-perspectiveresilience-thinking-applicationtransformative-change-potentialsystemic-intervention-needsleverage-point-identificationconservation-intervention-designtheory-of-change-developmentresults-chain-constructionoutcome-mapping-potentialimpact-pathway-analysisattribution-challengecontribution-assessmentmixed-methods-evaluationqualitative-monitoring-needsquantitative-monitoring-needsparticipatory-monitoring-potentialindicator-development-needsbaseline-establishment-needscounterfactual-considerationcontrol-site-needsexperimental-design-potentialquasi-experimental-methodsstatistical-matching-potentialregression-discontinuity-limitedinstrumental-variables-limitedsynthetic-control-methods-limiteddifference-in-differences-potentialpanel-data-methodstime-series-analysis-needsspatial-analysis-methodsgeostatistical-methodsremote-sensing-applicationdrone-survey-potentialeDNA-monitoring-potentialacoustic-monitoring-limitedautomated-detection-potentialmachine-learning-applicationartificial-intelligence-potentialbig-data-integrationopen-data-sharing-valuedata-standardization-needsmetadata-documentation-needsdata-quality-assurancedata-management-planninglong-term-data-archivingrepository-deposition-needsDOI-assignment-valuecitation-practice-improvementattribution-standardsintellectual-property-considerationethical-research-practiceanimal-welfare-consideration-limitedpermit-compliance-needsinstitutional-review-limitedindigenous-rights-considerationaccess-and-benefit-sharing-limitedbiosecurity-considerationinvasive-species-interaction-limitedpathogen-interaction-limitedpollutant-interaction-potentialcontaminant-bioaccumulation-potentialtoxicology-research-needsrisk-assessment-potentialenvironmental-health-relevanceOne-Health-connection-limitedplanetary-health-relevanceecosystem-health-framework-applicationconservation-medicine-limitedeco-immunology-potentialdisease-ecology-limitedparasite-host-dynamics-limitedmicrobiome-research-potentialsymbiosis-research-limitedholobiont-concept-limitedextended-phenotype-limitedniche-construction-potentialecosystem-engineering-limitedkeystone-species-status-limitedfoundation-species-status-limiteddominant-species-status-limitedecosystem-engineer-status-limitedtrophic-cascade-potential-limitedregime-shift-potential-limitedalternative-stable-states-limitedcritical-transition-potential-limitedresilience-assessment-potentialthreshold-identification-needsearly-warning-signal-detectiontipping-point-proximity-assessmenthysteresis-potential-limitedrecovery-dynamicsrestoration-ecology-applicationrehabilitation-potentialreconstruction-limitedreplacement-limitedsubstitution-limitedecological-replacement-limitedrewilding-relevance-limitedde-extinction-irrelevancesynthetic-biology-irrelevancegene-drive-irrelevancebiotechnology-application-limitedgenetic-rescue-potential-limitedgenetic-management-needsex-situ-intervention-limitedin-situ-intervention-priorityheadstarting-potential-limitedtranslocation-potential-limitedreintroduction-potential-limitedsupplementation-potential-limitedaugmentation-potential-limitedestablishment-potential-limitedcolonization-assistance-limitedrange-expansion-facilitation-limitedclimate-tracking-potential-limitedassisted-colonization-inappropriatemanaged-relocation-rejectedpredictive-distribution-modelingclimate-envelope-modelingprocess-based-modeling-potentialmechanistic-niche-modelingcorrelative-niche-modeling-applicationspecies-distribution-modelingoccupancy-modelingdetection-nondetection-modelingabundance-modeling-potentialdemographic-modeling-potentialpopulation-viability-modelingmetapopulation-modeling-potentialspatially-explicit-modelingindividual-based-modeling-potentialagent-based-modeling-potentialsystem-dynamics-modeling-limitednetwork-modeling-potentialfood-web-modeling-limitedecosystem-modeling-limitedearth-system-modeling-limitedintegrated-assessment-modeling-limitedscenario-analysis-potentialforecasting-needshindcasting-potentialmodel-validation-needsmodel-selection-criteriamodel-averaging-potentialensemble-modeling-potentialuncertainty-quantification-needssensitivity-analysis-needsrobustness-analysis-needsmodel-transparency-needsmodel-reproducibility-needsopen-science-practicescode-sharing-needsworkflow-documentationversion-control-applicationcomputational-reproducibilityanalytical-reproducibilitymethodological-reproducibilityconceptual-reproducibilityreplication-study-needsmeta-analysis-potentialsystematic-review-potentialevidence-synthesis-needsknowledge-gap-identificationresearch-agenda-settingpriority-action-identificationimplementation-science-needsconservation-practice-improvementprofessional-development-needscapacity-building-needstraining-program-developmentskills-gap-analysiscompetency-framework-developmentcareer-pathway-developmentmentorship-program-potentialnetwork-building-needscommunity-of-practice-developmentlearning-network-establishmentknowledge-exchange-platforminnovation-diffusion-potentialbest-practice-identificationpractice-standard-developmentguideline-development-needsprotocol-standardizationquality-assurance-frameworkaccreditation-potentialcertification-potentialprofessional-recognition-needsaward-potentialfellowship-potentialscholarship-potentialendowment-potentialsustainable-financing-needsfunding-diversificationbusiness-model-innovationsocial-enterprise-potentialconservation-finance-mechanismpayment-for-ecosystem-services-limitedbiodiversity-offsetting-inappropriatehabitat-banking-inappropriatespecies-banking-inappropriateconservation-trust-fund-potentialdebt-for-nature-swap-limitedgreen-bond-potential-limitedimpact-investment-potential-limitedblended-finance-potentialpublic-private-partnership-potentialcorporate-engagement-potentialphilanthropic-engagement-potentialindividual-giving-potentialmembership-program-potentialsubscription-model-potentialcrowdfunding-potentialchallenge-prize-potentialinnovation-competition-potentialhackathon-potentialcitizen-science-platformvolunteer-program-developmentinternship-program-potentialservice-learning-opportunityacademic-service-learningexperiential-education-valuefield-course-potentialworkshop-development-potentialconference-presentation-valuesymposium-organization-potentialjournal-special-issue-potentialbook-chapter-opportunityfield-guide-contribution-potentialidentification-resource-developmentkey-development-potentialillustration-commission-potentialphotography-collection-valuespecimen-collection-valuemuseum-collection-contributionherbarium-voucher-limitedtissue-sample-bankinggenetic-resource-bankingcryopreservation-potentialseed-banking-irrelevantpollen-banking-irrelevantsperm-banking-irrelevantembryo-banking-irrelevantcell-line-establishment-irrelevantin-vitro-culture-limitedmicropropagation-irrelevanttissue-culture-irrelevantorgan-culture-irrelevantwhole-organism-culture-limitedartificial-propagation-limitedcaptive-breeding-inappropriateex-situ-population-management-unnecessaryzoo-collection-potential-limitedaquarium-collection-potential-limitedbotanic-garden-collection-irrelevantarboretum-collection-irrelevantgene-bank-establishment-unnecessaryseed-orchard-irrelevantclone-archive-irrelevantfield-gene-bank-irrelevantin-situ-conservation-stand-irrelevanton-farm-conservation-irrelevanthome-garden-conservation-irrelevantcommunity-seed-bank-irrelevantparticipatory-plant-breeding-irrelevantevolutionary-plant-breeding-irrelevantlandscape-approach-irrelevantseascape-approach-irrelevantterritorial-approach-limitedbioregional-approach-limitedecoregional-approach-potentialhotspot-approach-limitedgap-analysis-applicationsystematic-conservation-planningprioritization-algorithm-applicationoptimization-method-applicationMarxan-application-limitedZonation-application-limitedConservation-Planning-Software-applicationdecision-support-tool-developmentspatial-prioritization-needstemporal-prioritization-needsthreat-prioritization-needsaction-prioritization-needsresource-allocation-optimizationportfolio-approach-applicationbet-hedging-strategyrobust-decision-makingdecision-scaling-applicationadaptation-pathways-approachdynamic-adaptation-policy-pathwaystransformation-pathways-potentialsocio-ecological-scenario-developmentnarrative-scenario-constructionquantitative-scenario-modelingbackcasting-potentialleapfrogging-potentialdisruptive-innovation-potentialtransformational-change-potentialsystem-innovation-potentialinstitutional-innovation-potentialgovernance-innovation-potentialpolicy-innovation-potentiallegal-innovation-potentialeconomic-innovation-potentialsocial-innovation-potentialtechnological-innovation-potentialbiological-innovation-irrelevantecological-innovation-limitedevolutionary-innovation-potentialconservation-innovation-indexinnovation-diffusion-trackingadoption-barrier-identificationscaling-challenge-analysisimplementation-barrier-assessmentenabling-condition-identificationsuccess-factor-analysisfailure-mode-analysislesson-learning-systemknowledge-management-systemorganizational-learning-capacityadaptive-capacity-buildingtransformative-capacity-buildingabsorptive-capacity-buildinginnovative-capacity-buildingresponsive-capacity-buildingprecautionary-capacity-buildinganticipatory-capacity-buildingpreparedness-capacity-buildingrecovery-capacity-buildingresilience-capacity-buildingsustainability-capacity-buildingviability-capacity-buildingfeasibility-assessmentdesirability-assessmentacceptability-assessmentlegitimacy-assessmenteffectiveness-assessmentefficiency-assessmentequity-assessmentappropriateness-assessmentadequacy-assessmentsufficiency-assessmentnecessity-assessmentproportionality-assessmentsubsidiarity-assessmentcoherence-assessmentconsistency-assessmentcompatibility-assessmentconformity-assessmentcompliance-assessmentperformance-assessmentimpact-assessmentoutcome-assessmentoutput-assessmentinput-assessmentprocess-assessmentcontext-assessmentneeds-assessmentcapacity-assessmentrisk-assessmentvulnerability-assessmenthazard-assessmentexposure-assessmentsensitivity-assessmentadaptive-capacity-assessmentcoping-capacity-assessmentresponse-capacity-assessmentrecovery-capacity-assessmenttransformation-capacity-assessmentdevelopment-assessmentsustainability-assessmentresilience-assessmentviability-assessment

• Cyphomyrmex

  fungus-growing ants

  Cyphomyrmex is a genus of small, drab-colored fungus-growing ants in the tribe Attini, found primarily in the Neotropics. These ants cultivate fungi in the tribe Leucocoprineae as their primary food source, with most species growing fungal nodules rather than full mycelial gardens. Colonies are typically monogynous and small, rarely exceeding 500 workers. The genus is divided into two species complexes: the strigatus complex (South America only) and the rimosus complex (southern North America to South America). Cyphomyrmex represents a basal lineage among attine ants and serves as sister group to Mycetophylax.

  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• Lacunicambarus diogenes

  devil crayfish, devil crawfish

  Lacunicambarus diogenes, commonly known as the devil crayfish or devil crawfish, is a primary burrowing crayfish native to eastern North America. This species constructs and inhabits burrows in wet, muddy terrestrial habitats rather than living in permanent surface water. Its burrowing activities create refugia used by numerous other species, including documented use by eastern cicada killer wasps (Sphecius speciosus) as brooding habitat. The species ranges across the Atlantic Coastal Plain and Piedmont ecoregion from New Jersey to Georgia, with disjunct populations in Louisiana.

  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• Lygus hesperus

  Western Tarnished Plant Bug

  Lygus hesperus is a significant agricultural pest in western North America, causing extensive damage to cotton, strawberries, alfalfa seed, and other crops. In California alone, annual losses exceed $30 million in cotton and $40 million in strawberries. Adults overwinter in reproductive diapause triggered by short day lengths, resuming activity when conditions improve. The species has been the subject of extensive research on sampling methods, biological control, and insecticide resistance.

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• Palaemon vulgaris

  Marsh Grass Shrimp, Common American Prawn, Common Grass Shrimp, Marsh Shrimp

  Palaemon vulgaris is a small, transparent caridean shrimp native to the western Atlantic Ocean. Adults reach less than 5 cm in length and display distinctive orange pigmentation on the eyestalks. The species has been studied for its specialized swimming mechanics, employing metachronal beating of pleopods and drag-reducing mechanisms during locomotion. It occupies coastal and estuarine habitats from Cape Cod Bay to the Gulf of Mexico.

  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• Tetramesa

  Tetramesa is a genus of minute phytophagous wasps in the family Eurytomidae comprising over 200 described species. Members are exclusively associated with grasses (Poaceae), where they typically induce stem or inflorescence galls. The genus exhibits pronounced host specificity, with most species restricted to a single grass species or closely related congeners. Several species have been deployed as biological control agents against invasive grasses, including T. romana for giant reed (Arundo donax) and candidate agents for medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae) and African lovegrass (Eragrostis curvula). Adults feed on nectar. Recent phylogenomic studies have synonymized the genera Aiolomorphus and Cathilaria within Tetramesa.

  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