Nanoparticles
Guides
Curtara insularis
Ringspot Leafhopper
Curtara insularis is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, commonly known as the Ringspot Leafhopper. The species is characterized by brochosomes—nanoparticle coatings that produce superhydrophobic and anti-reflective properties on its exoskeleton and wings. Brochosomes in this species appear smoother and more circular compared to the more angular forms found in related genera such as Gyponana. The species has been documented across multiple localities in North and South America.
Empoa aureotecta
Empoa aureotecta is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae, described by Sanders and DeLong in 1917. The genus Empoa belongs to the tribe Empoascini, a group of small, often greenish leafhoppers that feed on plant sap. Members of this genus and related taxa are known for producing brochosomes—nanoparticle coatings that make their bodies superhydrophobic and anti-reflective. The specific epithet "aureotecta" (from Latin aureus "golden" + tectus "covered") likely refers to a golden or yellowish coloration or covering characteristic of this species.
Empoa rubricola
Empoa rubricola is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. Described by Christian in 1954, this species belongs to a genus of small, often brightly colored leafhoppers. Like other Empoa species, it likely possesses brochosomes—nanoparticles that provide water-repellent and anti-reflective properties to the cuticle. The species has been recorded from northeastern North America including Delaware, New Hampshire, Ontario, Québec, and Wisconsin.
Empoa scripta
Empoa scripta is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. Like other members of the genus Empoa, it possesses the distinctive brochosomes—nanoparticle coatings that provide superhydrophobic and anti-reflective properties to the exoskeleton and wings. The species has been documented across parts of North America including British Columbia, Idaho, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, and New York.
Empoasca
Empoasca n-species is a leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, a group of small plant-feeding insects known for their piercing-sucking mouthparts and economically significant pest status. Leafhoppers in this genus are recognized for causing "hopperburn" damage to crops through their toxic saliva. The specific epithet "n-species" indicates this is an undescribed or placeholder designation for a species within the diverse Empoasca genus, which contains numerous agricultural pests including the potato leafhopper (E. fabae) and the tea green leafhopper (E. onukii).
Eratoneura
Eratoneura is a genus of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Young in 1952. The genus contains at least 190 described species, placing it among the more species-rich genera within the subfamily Typhlocybinae. Members of this genus, like other leafhoppers, produce brochosomes—nanoparticles that coat their bodies for waterproofing and anti-reflective protection. Eratoneura fulleri has been specifically documented depositing brochosome clusters on wing edges for redistribution or repair of its protective coating.
Eratoneura abjecta
Eratoneura abjecta is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae, described by Beamer in 1931. As a member of the genus Eratoneura, it possesses the distinctive brochosomes—nanoparticle coatings that confer superhydrophobic and anti-reflective properties to the cuticle. The species has been documented in New Hampshire. Like other typhlocybine leafhoppers, it is presumed to feed on plant vascular tissues.
Eratoneura acantha
Eratoneura acantha is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Ross and DeLong in 1950. Like other members of its genus, it possesses brochosomes—nanoparticles that coat the exoskeleton and wings, providing superhydrophobic and anti-reflective properties. The species is recorded from Maryland and New Hampshire in the northeastern United States.
Eratoneura adunca
Eratoneura adunca is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. It was first described by Beamer in 1932. Like other members of its genus, it produces and coats itself in brochosomes—nanoparticles that provide water-repellent and anti-reflective properties to its exoskeleton and wings.
Eratoneura basilaris
Eratoneura basilaris is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Thomas Say in 1825. Like other members of the genus Eratoneura, it belongs to the subfamily Typhlocybinae and tribe Erythroneurini. Leafhoppers in this family are small, plant-feeding insects characterized by their distinctive brochosomes—nanoparticle coatings that provide water-repellent and anti-reflective properties.
Eratoneura beeri
Eratoneura beeri is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. Like other members of the genus Eratoneura, it produces brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles that coat the body and wings, conferring superhydrophobic and anti-reflective properties. The species was described by Hepner in 1972. Specific ecological details for E. beeri remain poorly documented in the available literature.
Eratoneura bella
Eratoneura bella is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described by McAtee in 1920. As a member of the Typhlocybinae subfamily, it belongs to a group of small, plant-feeding insects known for their specialized mouthparts and, in many species, production of brochosomes—nanoparticles that create water-repellent and anti-reflective coatings. The genus Eratoneura is part of the diverse Erythroneurini tribe, which contains numerous Nearctic leafhopper species.
Eratoneura bifida
Eratoneura bifida is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae, described by Beamer in 1931. Like other members of the genus Eratoneura, it produces brochosomes—nanoparticle secretions that create a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on its body and wings. The species has been documented in the United States, with iNaturalist observations primarily from the eastern and central regions.
Eratoneura carmini
Eratoneura carmini is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. Like other members of the genus Eratoneura, it produces brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles that provide a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on its exoskeleton and wings. The species has been recorded across multiple North American regions including the southwestern United States and parts of Canada.
Eratoneura certa
Eratoneura certa is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. Like other members of the genus Eratoneura, it possesses brochosomes—unique nanoparticles produced by leafhoppers that create a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on the cuticle and wings. The species was described by Beamer in 1932 and has been recorded from Maryland, New Hampshire, and Ontario.
Eratoneura comoides
Eratoneura comoides is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. Like other leafhoppers in its genus, it possesses brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles that create a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on the cuticle. The species was described by Ross and DeLong in 1953. It belongs to a diverse genus of small, often colorful leafhoppers associated with vegetation.
Eratoneura emquu
Eratoneura emquu is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae, described by Ross and DeLong in 1953. Like other members of its genus, it is a small plant-feeding insect that produces brochosomes—unique nanoparticles that coat its body surface. The species has been documented in several eastern U.S. states including Florida, Maine, Mississippi, and New Hampshire. Very few direct observations of this species have been recorded.
Eratoneura fulleri
Eratoneura fulleri is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae, described by Hepner in 1967. Research has documented its distinctive brochosome coating—nanoparticles that create superhydrophobic and anti-reflective properties on the cuticle. This species has been specifically studied for its brochosome distribution patterns, which include dense clusters on the outer wing edges used for redistribution across the body.
Eratoneura hartii
Red Apple Leafhopper
Eratoneura hartii is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae, commonly known as the Red Apple Leafhopper. Like other members of its genus, it produces brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles that coat the body and wings, conferring superhydrophobic and anti-reflective properties. The species has been recorded in the eastern and midwestern United States. As a typhlocybine leafhopper, it is presumed to feed on plant vascular tissues, though specific host associations for this species are not well documented.
Eratoneura hymac
Eratoneura hymac is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Robinson in 1924. As a member of the subfamily Typhlocybinae, it is a small plant-feeding insect that produces brochosomes—hollow, soccer ball-shaped nanoparticles that coat its body for waterproofing and anti-reflective protection. The species has been documented in research on brochosome distribution and wettability properties.
Eratoneura imbricariae
A leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. As with other Eratoneura species, it produces brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles formed in the Malpighian tubules and distributed across the cuticle using comb-like spines on the hind legs. These brochosomes confer superhydrophobic and anti-reflective properties to the exoskeleton and wings. The species has been recorded in Illinois.
Eratoneura inepta
Eratoneura inepta is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae, described by Beamer in 1932. Like other members of the genus Eratoneura, it produces brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles that form a hydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on its body and wings. The species has been documented in research on brochosome distribution and wing wettability.
Eratoneura lenta
Eratoneura lenta is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. Like other members of its genus, it produces brochosomes—complex nanoparticles that create a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on its body and wings. The species was described by Beamer in 1932. As a typhlocybine leafhopper, it belongs to a group known for small size and association with vascular plants.
Eratoneura lusoria
Eratoneura lusoria is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. Like other members of the genus Eratoneura, it produces brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles that create a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on its body and wings. These microscopic structures are formed in the Malpighian tubules and distributed across the cuticle using comb-like spines on the hind legs. The species was described by Van Duzee in 1924.
Eratoneura manus
Eratoneura manus is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Beamer in 1932. As a member of the subfamily Typhlocybinae, it shares the characteristic brochosome-producing capabilities common to this group. The species has been recorded in the northeastern United States, specifically New Hampshire and New York. Like other Eratoneura species, it likely feeds on plant phloem sap.
Eratoneura marilandicae
Eratoneura marilandicae is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Ross in 1957. As a member of the genus Eratoneura, it belongs to a group of small, plant-feeding insects known for producing brochosomes—nanoparticles that coat their bodies and wings. The species has been documented in Maryland and New Hampshire. Like other leafhoppers in this genus, it likely exhibits the characteristic superhydrophobic and anti-reflective properties conferred by brochosome coatings.
Eratoneura micheneri
Eratoneura micheneri is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. Like other members of the genus Eratoneura, it produces brochosomes—hollow, soccer ball-shaped nanoparticles that coat its body and wings, creating a superhydrophobic and anti-reflective surface. The species has been documented in 55 iNaturalist observations. Brochosomes are formed in the Malpighian tubules and distributed using comb-like spines on the hind legs.
Eratoneura mirifica
Eratoneura mirifica is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. It is one of many species within the genus Eratoneura, a group of small plant-feeding insects commonly known as leafhoppers. The species was described by Beamer in 1932. Like other members of its genus, it produces brochosomes—nanoparticles that provide water-repellent and anti-reflective properties to its exoskeleton.
Eratoneura morgani
Eratoneura morgani is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described by DeLong in 1916. It belongs to the subfamily Typhlocybinae, a group of small leafhoppers commonly known as sharpshooters or typhlocybine leafhoppers. Like other members of the genus Eratoneura, it possesses brochosomes—specialized nanoparticles that provide water-repellent and anti-reflective properties to its cuticle.
Eratoneura opulenta
Eratoneura opulenta is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae, described by Beamer in 1932. Like other members of the genus Eratoneura, this species produces brochosomes—complex nanoparticles that coat the body surface, rendering it superhydrophobic and anti-reflective. The species has been documented in scientific literature regarding brochosome distribution patterns on its wings.
Eratoneura parva
Eratoneura parva is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. Like other members of its genus, it produces brochosomes—complex nanoparticles that coat the body and wings, providing superhydrophobic and anti-reflective properties. The species was described by Beamer in 1932 and belongs to a group of small, plant-feeding insects that have become subjects of biomaterials research due to their unique surface coatings.
Eratoneura rotunda
Eratoneura rotunda is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Beamer in 1931. As a member of the subfamily Typhlocybinae and tribe Erythroneurini, it belongs to a diverse group of small, plant-feeding insects. Like other leafhoppers in its genus, it possesses specialized nanoparticles called brochosomes that provide water-repellent and anti-reflective properties to its exoskeleton.
Eratoneura stoveri
Eratoneura stoveri is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. As a member of the genus Eratoneura, it shares with other leafhoppers the distinctive trait of producing brochosomes—nanoparticles that create a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on the body and wings. The species was described by Ross and DeLong in 1950. Like other Eratoneura species, it is a plant-feeding insect in the order Hemiptera.
Eratoneura trivittata
Eratoneura trivittata is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. Like other members of its genus, it possesses brochosomes—nanoparticles that provide water-repellent and anti-reflective properties to its exoskeleton. The species was described by Robinson in 1924.
Eratoneura ungulata
Eratoneura ungulata is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Beamer in 1932. As a member of the subfamily Typhlocybinae, it possesses brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles that provide superhydrophobic and anti-reflective properties to its exoskeleton and wings. The species has been documented in Illinois and New Hampshire. Like other leafhoppers, it is a plant-feeding insect with specialized adaptations for waterproofing and surface protection.
Graphocephala coccinea coccinea
Red-banded Leafhopper, Candystriped Leafhopper, Scarlet-and-Green Leafhopper
Graphocephala coccinea coccinea is a subspecies of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, commonly known as the Red-banded Leafhopper or Candystriped Leafhopper. This subspecies is restricted to coastal areas along the Atlantic seaboard of North America, where it feeds on plant sap using piercing-sucking mouthparts. Adults measure 5.7–8.4 mm in length, with females slightly larger than males. The species produces brochosomes, unique nanoparticles that render its exoskeleton superhydrophobic and anti-reflective.
Graphocephala hieroglyphica
Hieroglyphic Leafhopper
Graphocephala hieroglyphica is a sharpshooter leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, characterized by distinctive patterned coloration typical of the genus. Like other Graphocephala species, it possesses brochosomes—nanoparticle coatings that make its exoskeleton superhydrophobic and anti-reflective. The species is found across North America from Alabama to British Columbia, inhabiting diverse environments including prairies, woodlands, and wetlands.
Graphocephala hieroglyphica atra
Graphocephala hieroglyphica atra is a subspecies of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae. Like other members of the genus Graphocephala, it possesses brochosomes—protein-lipid nanoparticles produced in the Malpighian tubules and applied to the body surface using comb-like spines on the hind legs. These brochosomes render the cuticle superhydrophobic and anti-reflective. The subspecies designation 'atra' indicates a dark or black coloration variant of the species G. hieroglyphica. Leafhoppers in this genus are plant feeders that use piercing-sucking mouthparts to extract xylem fluids.
Gypona melanota
Gypona melanota is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Spångberg in 1878. As a member of the genus Gypona, it produces brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles that coat its exoskeleton and wings, conferring superhydrophobic and anti-reflective properties. The species has been documented in several North American regions including Alberta, Arizona, Colorado, Connecticut, and Georgia. Brochosomes of Gypona species feature distinctive angular, geometric pit structures compared to the smoother brochosomes of some related genera.
Gypona verticalis
Gypona verticalis is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Carl Stål in 1864. As a member of the Gyponini tribe, it belongs to a group of leafhoppers characterized by their broad, somewhat flattened body form. The genus Gypona is notable for producing brochosomes—nanoparticles that coat the body and provide superhydrophobic and anti-reflective properties. This species has been recorded from the southwestern United States and Mexico.
Gypona vexana
Gypona vexana is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, described by DeLong in 1942. As a member of the Gyponini tribe, it produces brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles that create a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on its body. The species is recorded from western North America, with confirmed distribution in Colorado, Idaho, and Utah. Like other Gypona species, it exhibits brochosomes with more angled, geometric pit structures compared to some related genera.
Gyponana angulata
Gyponana angulata is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, characterized by its production of brochosomes—microscopic nanoparticles that create a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on its exoskeleton. The species was first described by Spångberg in 1878 under the basionym Gypona angulata. Brochosomes produced by Gyponana species feature distinctive angular, geometric pit structures compared to the smoother, more circular brochosomes of some other leafhopper genera. These nanoparticles are formed in the Malpighian tubules and distributed across the body using comb-like spines on the hind legs.
Gyponana avara
Gyponana avara is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, described by DeLong in 1942. Like other members of its genus, it produces brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles that form a highly water-repellent and anti-reflective coating on its exoskeleton and wings. The species has been documented in the eastern United States.
Gyponana cacumina
Gyponana cacumina is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, described by DeLong in 1942. Like other members of its genus, it produces brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles that form a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on its body and wings. The species has been recorded from multiple states in the northeastern United States and Arizona.
Gyponana cana
Gyponana cana is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Burmeister in 1839. Like other members of the genus Gyponana, this species produces brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles that form a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on its exoskeleton and wings. The species has been documented across multiple U.S. states including California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, and Kansas.
Gyponana cf-protenta
A leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, Gyponana cf-protenta is distinguished by its production of brochosomes—complex nanoparticles that coat the body and wings. These particles, formed in the Malpighian tubules and distributed using comb-like hind leg spines, create a superhydrophobic and anti-reflective surface. The species is part of a genus known for brochosomes with distinctly angled, geometric pit morphology compared to smoother forms in related genera. Research on this taxon contributes to bioinspired materials science.
Gyponana cf-salsa
Gyponana cf-salsa is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, notable for producing distinctive brochosomes—geometric nanoparticles that coat its body surface. The brochosomes of Gyponana species feature more angled, geometric pits compared to those of some other leafhopper genera. These nanoparticles render the insect's cuticle superhydrophobic and anti-reflective. The species is attracted to blacklight traps and has been documented in North American collections.
Gyponana elongata
Gyponana elongata is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Ball in 1935. As a member of the genus Gyponana, it produces brochosomes—hollow, soccer ball-shaped nanoparticles that coat its body surface. These brochosomes, measuring approximately 500 nanometers in diameter with angular, geometric surface pits, render the cuticle superhydrophobic and anti-reflective. The species is known from California, with minimal observational records.
Gyponana expanda
Laminate Leafhopper
Gyponana expanda is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by DeLong in 1942. Like other members of the genus Gyponana, this species produces brochosomes—complex nanoparticles that create a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on its exoskeleton and wings. The species has been recorded in several Midwestern and Northeastern U.S. states. Leafhoppers in this genus are known for their distinctive brochosome morphology, which features more angled, geometric pits compared to brochosomes of some other leafhopper genera.
Gyponana flavilineata
Gyponana flavilineata is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae. As a member of the genus Gyponana, it produces brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles that form a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on its exoskeleton and wings. The species has been documented across multiple U.S. states and Canadian provinces.