Superhydrophobic
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Empoa aureotecta
Empoa aureotecta is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae, described by Sanders and DeLong in 1917. The genus Empoa belongs to the tribe Empoascini, a group of small, often greenish leafhoppers that feed on plant sap. Members of this genus and related taxa are known for producing brochosomes—nanoparticle coatings that make their bodies superhydrophobic and anti-reflective. The specific epithet "aureotecta" (from Latin aureus "golden" + tectus "covered") likely refers to a golden or yellowish coloration or covering characteristic of this species.
Empoa vestita
Empoa vestita is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. It was described by McAtee in 1926. Like other members of the genus Empoa, it produces brochosomes—nanoparticles that create a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on its body. The species has been recorded from several north-central U.S. states including Illinois, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, and New Hampshire.
Eratoneura abjecta
Eratoneura abjecta is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae, described by Beamer in 1931. As a member of the genus Eratoneura, it possesses the distinctive brochosomes—nanoparticle coatings that confer superhydrophobic and anti-reflective properties to the cuticle. The species has been documented in New Hampshire. Like other typhlocybine leafhoppers, it is presumed to feed on plant vascular tissues.
Eratoneura basilaris
Eratoneura basilaris is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Thomas Say in 1825. Like other members of the genus Eratoneura, it belongs to the subfamily Typhlocybinae and tribe Erythroneurini. Leafhoppers in this family are small, plant-feeding insects characterized by their distinctive brochosomes—nanoparticle coatings that provide water-repellent and anti-reflective properties.
Eratoneura beeri
Eratoneura beeri is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. Like other members of the genus Eratoneura, it produces brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles that coat the body and wings, conferring superhydrophobic and anti-reflective properties. The species was described by Hepner in 1972. Specific ecological details for E. beeri remain poorly documented in the available literature.
Eratoneura carmini
Eratoneura carmini is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. Like other members of the genus Eratoneura, it produces brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles that provide a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on its exoskeleton and wings. The species has been recorded across multiple North American regions including the southwestern United States and parts of Canada.
Eratoneura fulleri
Eratoneura fulleri is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae, described by Hepner in 1967. Research has documented its distinctive brochosome coating—nanoparticles that create superhydrophobic and anti-reflective properties on the cuticle. This species has been specifically studied for its brochosome distribution patterns, which include dense clusters on the outer wing edges used for redistribution across the body.
Eratoneura imbricariae
A leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. As with other Eratoneura species, it produces brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles formed in the Malpighian tubules and distributed across the cuticle using comb-like spines on the hind legs. These brochosomes confer superhydrophobic and anti-reflective properties to the exoskeleton and wings. The species has been recorded in Illinois.
Eratoneura ligata
Eratoneura ligata is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described by McAtee in 1920. It belongs to the subfamily Typhlocybinae and tribe Erythroneurini. Like other members of its genus, it produces brochosomes—nanoparticles that create a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on its body. The species has been documented in northeastern North America with observations from the District of Columbia, New Hampshire, Ohio, Québec, and Vermont.
Eratoneura lusoria
Eratoneura lusoria is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. Like other members of the genus Eratoneura, it produces brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles that create a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on its body and wings. These microscopic structures are formed in the Malpighian tubules and distributed across the cuticle using comb-like spines on the hind legs. The species was described by Van Duzee in 1924.
Eratoneura macra
Sandy Stream Leafhopper
Eratoneura macra is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Beamer in 1932. It belongs to the tribe Erythroneurini within the subfamily Typhlocybinae. Like other leafhoppers in the genus Eratoneura, this species produces brochosomes—nanoparticles that create a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on the exoskeleton. The species has been documented in the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada.
Eratoneura micheneri
Eratoneura micheneri is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. Like other members of the genus Eratoneura, it produces brochosomes—hollow, soccer ball-shaped nanoparticles that coat its body and wings, creating a superhydrophobic and anti-reflective surface. The species has been documented in 55 iNaturalist observations. Brochosomes are formed in the Malpighian tubules and distributed using comb-like spines on the hind legs.
Eratoneura mirifica
Eratoneura mirifica is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. It is one of many species within the genus Eratoneura, a group of small plant-feeding insects commonly known as leafhoppers. The species was described by Beamer in 1932. Like other members of its genus, it produces brochosomes—nanoparticles that provide water-repellent and anti-reflective properties to its exoskeleton.
Eratoneura opulenta
Eratoneura opulenta is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae, described by Beamer in 1932. Like other members of the genus Eratoneura, this species produces brochosomes—complex nanoparticles that coat the body surface, rendering it superhydrophobic and anti-reflective. The species has been documented in scientific literature regarding brochosome distribution patterns on its wings.
Eratoneura parva
Eratoneura parva is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. Like other members of its genus, it produces brochosomes—complex nanoparticles that coat the body and wings, providing superhydrophobic and anti-reflective properties. The species was described by Beamer in 1932 and belongs to a group of small, plant-feeding insects that have become subjects of biomaterials research due to their unique surface coatings.
Eratoneura stoveri
Eratoneura stoveri is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. As a member of the genus Eratoneura, it shares with other leafhoppers the distinctive trait of producing brochosomes—nanoparticles that create a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on the body and wings. The species was described by Ross and DeLong in 1950. Like other Eratoneura species, it is a plant-feeding insect in the order Hemiptera.
Eratoneura ungulata
Eratoneura ungulata is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Beamer in 1932. As a member of the subfamily Typhlocybinae, it possesses brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles that provide superhydrophobic and anti-reflective properties to its exoskeleton and wings. The species has been documented in Illinois and New Hampshire. Like other leafhoppers, it is a plant-feeding insect with specialized adaptations for waterproofing and surface protection.
Graphocephala coccinea coccinea
Red-banded Leafhopper, Candystriped Leafhopper, Scarlet-and-Green Leafhopper
Graphocephala coccinea coccinea is a subspecies of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, commonly known as the Red-banded Leafhopper or Candystriped Leafhopper. This subspecies is restricted to coastal areas along the Atlantic seaboard of North America, where it feeds on plant sap using piercing-sucking mouthparts. Adults measure 5.7–8.4 mm in length, with females slightly larger than males. The species produces brochosomes, unique nanoparticles that render its exoskeleton superhydrophobic and anti-reflective.
Graphocephala coccinea quadrivittata
Red-banded Leafhopper, Candy-striped Leafhopper, Scarlet-and-Green Leafhopper
Graphocephala coccinea quadrivittata is the inland subspecies of the candy-striped or red-banded leafhopper, distinguished from the coastal nominate subspecies G. c. coccinea by its slightly larger size and four-striped pattern. Adults display vivid scarlet and green longitudinal stripes on the dorsal surface, making them among the most visually striking leafhoppers in North America. This subspecies is a generalist feeder on plant xylem sap and is known to vector Pierce's Disease, a bacterial pathogen lethal to grapevines and other woody plants.
Gypona melanota
Gypona melanota is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Spångberg in 1878. As a member of the genus Gypona, it produces brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles that coat its exoskeleton and wings, conferring superhydrophobic and anti-reflective properties. The species has been documented in several North American regions including Alberta, Arizona, Colorado, Connecticut, and Georgia. Brochosomes of Gypona species feature distinctive angular, geometric pit structures compared to the smoother brochosomes of some related genera.
Gypona verticalis
Gypona verticalis is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Carl Stål in 1864. As a member of the Gyponini tribe, it belongs to a group of leafhoppers characterized by their broad, somewhat flattened body form. The genus Gypona is notable for producing brochosomes—nanoparticles that coat the body and provide superhydrophobic and anti-reflective properties. This species has been recorded from the southwestern United States and Mexico.
Gypona vexana
Gypona vexana is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, described by DeLong in 1942. As a member of the Gyponini tribe, it produces brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles that create a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on its body. The species is recorded from western North America, with confirmed distribution in Colorado, Idaho, and Utah. Like other Gypona species, it exhibits brochosomes with more angled, geometric pit structures compared to some related genera.
Gyponana angulata
Gyponana angulata is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, characterized by its production of brochosomes—microscopic nanoparticles that create a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on its exoskeleton. The species was first described by Spångberg in 1878 under the basionym Gypona angulata. Brochosomes produced by Gyponana species feature distinctive angular, geometric pit structures compared to the smoother, more circular brochosomes of some other leafhopper genera. These nanoparticles are formed in the Malpighian tubules and distributed across the body using comb-like spines on the hind legs.
Gyponana avara
Gyponana avara is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, described by DeLong in 1942. Like other members of its genus, it produces brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles that form a highly water-repellent and anti-reflective coating on its exoskeleton and wings. The species has been documented in the eastern United States.
Gyponana brevita
Gyponana brevita is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described by DeLong in 1942. Like other members of its genus, it produces brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles that form a highly water-repellent, anti-reflective coating on its exoskeleton and wings. The species has been documented in several eastern and midwestern U.S. states.
Gyponana cacumina
Gyponana cacumina is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, described by DeLong in 1942. Like other members of its genus, it produces brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles that form a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on its body and wings. The species has been recorded from multiple states in the northeastern United States and Arizona.
Gyponana cana
Gyponana cana is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Burmeister in 1839. Like other members of the genus Gyponana, this species produces brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles that form a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on its exoskeleton and wings. The species has been documented across multiple U.S. states including California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, and Kansas.
Gyponana cf-protenta
A leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, Gyponana cf-protenta is distinguished by its production of brochosomes—complex nanoparticles that coat the body and wings. These particles, formed in the Malpighian tubules and distributed using comb-like hind leg spines, create a superhydrophobic and anti-reflective surface. The species is part of a genus known for brochosomes with distinctly angled, geometric pit morphology compared to smoother forms in related genera. Research on this taxon contributes to bioinspired materials science.
Gyponana cf-salsa
Gyponana cf-salsa is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, notable for producing distinctive brochosomes—geometric nanoparticles that coat its body surface. The brochosomes of Gyponana species feature more angled, geometric pits compared to those of some other leafhopper genera. These nanoparticles render the insect's cuticle superhydrophobic and anti-reflective. The species is attracted to blacklight traps and has been documented in North American collections.
Gyponana expanda
Laminate Leafhopper
Gyponana expanda is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by DeLong in 1942. Like other members of the genus Gyponana, this species produces brochosomes—complex nanoparticles that create a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on its exoskeleton and wings. The species has been recorded in several Midwestern and Northeastern U.S. states. Leafhoppers in this genus are known for their distinctive brochosome morphology, which features more angled, geometric pits compared to brochosomes of some other leafhopper genera.
Gyponana flavilineata
Gyponana flavilineata is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae. As a member of the genus Gyponana, it produces brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles that form a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on its exoskeleton and wings. The species has been documented across multiple U.S. states and Canadian provinces.
Gyponana geminata
Gyponana geminata is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Osborn in 1905. Like other leafhoppers in the genus Gyponana, this species produces brochosomes—hollow, soccer ball-shaped nanoparticles that coat the exoskeleton and wings, rendering them superhydrophobic and anti-reflective. The brochosomes of Gyponana species feature distinctively angled, geometric pits that differ morphologically from those of other leafhopper genera. This species has been documented in northeastern North America.
Gyponana gladia
Gyponana gladia is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described by DeLong in 1942. Like other members of its genus, it possesses distinctive brochosomes—nanoparticles produced in the Malpighian tubules that create a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on the body and wings. The species has been documented at blacklight traps in autumn, suggesting nocturnal activity patterns. It is one of many small, often overlooked leafhopper species that contribute to the high diversity of Hemiptera in North American temperate regions.
Gyponana hasta
Gyponana hasta is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by DeLong in 1942. It is currently treated as a synonym of Gyponana angulata in major taxonomic databases. The species has been documented as a vector of California aster-yellows virus. Like other members of genus Gyponana, it produces brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles that create a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on the body surface.
Gyponana octolineata
Eight-lined Leafhopper
Gyponana octolineata, commonly known as the Eight-lined Leafhopper, is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae. Like other members of its genus, it produces distinctive brochosomes—nanoparticles that coat its exoskeleton and wings, rendering them superhydrophobic and anti-reflective. The species has been documented across western and central North America. It is attracted to blacklight traps and is active into the autumn months in temperate regions.
Gyponana offula
Gyponana cf-offula is a small leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae. Like other members of its genus, it produces brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles that coat its body surface. These brochosomes feature angular, geometric surface pits that create superhydrophobic and anti-reflective properties. The species has been documented in blacklight trap surveys and is part of ongoing research into bioinspired materials.
Gyponana omani
Gyponana omani is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, described by DeLong in 1942. As a member of the genus Gyponana, it produces distinctive brochosomes—hollow, geometric nanoparticles that coat its exoskeleton and wings. These brochosomes are characterized by more angled, geometric surface pits compared to those of some related genera. The species has been documented from Texas and Mexico.
Gyponana pollex
Gyponana pollex is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, described by Hamilton in 2017. Like other members of its genus, this species produces distinctive brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles that form a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on the body and wings. The brochosomes of Gyponana species are characterized by more angled, geometric surface pits compared to the smoother brochosomes of some related genera. This species has been documented in New Hampshire.
Gyponana praelonga
Gyponana praelonga is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by DeLong in 1942. Members of this genus, including G. praelonga, are notable for producing brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles that create a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on the exoskeleton. The brochosomes of Gyponana species feature distinctively angled, geometric pit structures compared to those of other leafhopper genera.
Gyponana quebecensis
Gyponana quebecensis is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described from Quebec in 1872. As a member of genus Gyponana, it produces brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles that create a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on its body and wings. The species has been documented across multiple U.S. states including Florida, Illinois, Maine, Montana, and New Hampshire.
Gyponana scrupulosa
Gyponana scrupulosa is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae. Like other members of its genus, it produces brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles that form a water-repellent, anti-reflective coating on its body. The species has been documented in several U.S. states including Illinois, Kansas, Florida, Georgia, and the District of Columbia. It is attracted to blacklight traps and has been collected in autumn.
Gyponana serpenta
Leafhopper
Gyponana cf. serpenta is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, notable for producing distinctive brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles that coat its body surface. The brochosomes of Gyponana species feature more angled, geometric pits compared to those of other leafhopper genera. These nanoparticles render the cuticle superhydrophobic and anti-reflective, properties that have attracted significant research interest for bioinspired materials design.
Gyponana sonora
Gyponana sonora is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, described by Hamilton in 1982. Like other members of the genus Gyponana, it produces brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles that create a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on its exoskeleton. Brochosomes from Gyponana species have been documented to feature more angled, geometric surface pits compared to those of other leafhopper genera. The species is associated with the Sonoran Desert region, as indicated by its specific epithet.
Gyponana striata
Gyponana striata is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, order Hemiptera. Like other members of its genus, it produces brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles that form a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on the body surface. The species has been documented from western and northeastern North America, with records from British Columbia to California and eastward to Connecticut and Delaware. Brochosomes of Gyponana species feature more angled, geometric surface pits compared to the smoother, more circular brochosomes of some related genera.
Gyponana toxotes
Gyponana toxotes is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, described by Hamilton in 1982. Like other members of the genus Gyponana, it produces brochosomes—hollow, soccer ball-shaped nanoparticles that create a superhydrophobic and anti-reflective coating on its body. The species has been documented in Florida. Brochosomes produced by Gyponana species feature more angled, geometric pits compared to those of some other leafhopper genera.
Gyponana tubera
Gyponana tubera is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, described by DeLong in 1942. As a member of the genus Gyponana, it possesses brochosomes—complex nanoparticles that coat the exoskeleton and wings, conferring superhydrophobic and anti-reflective properties. The species has been documented in scattered locations across the United States, with records from California to the eastern seaboard.
Gyponana vasta
Gyponana vasta is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, described by DeLong in 1942. Like other members of the genus Gyponana, it produces brochosomes—nanoparticles that create a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on its body. The species is recorded from the northeastern and mid-Atlantic United States.
Gyponana vincula
Gyponana vincula is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, described by DeLong in 1942. Like other members of its genus, it produces distinctive brochosomes—nanoparticles that create a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on its body. The species has been recorded from several Midwestern and Northeastern U.S. states.
Heteromurus nitidus
slender springtail
Heteromurus nitidus is a species of slender springtail (Collembola) characterized by a superhydrophobic cuticle that enables it to float on water. The species produces nitidane, an irregular prenylated diterpene with a unique seven-isoprene structure that dominates its cuticular lipids—unlike typical insects that rely on hydrocarbon mixtures. Its distribution is influenced by soil acidity, with documented interactions involving earthworms and predator pressure. The species exhibits seasonal changes in wetting behavior and tends to aggregate in coordinated groups.