Anti-reflective
Guides
Curtara
Curtara is a genus of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae, tribe Gyponini, established by DeLong & Freytag in 1972. Species in this genus produce distinctive brochosomes—nanoparticles that coat their exoskeletons. Compared to other leafhopper genera such as Gyponana, Curtara brochosomes appear smoother and more circular in morphology, with less angular pitting. These nanoparticles function in waterproofing and anti-reflective camouflage.
Empoa rubricola
Empoa rubricola is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. Described by Christian in 1954, this species belongs to a genus of small, often brightly colored leafhoppers. Like other Empoa species, it likely possesses brochosomes—nanoparticles that provide water-repellent and anti-reflective properties to the cuticle. The species has been recorded from northeastern North America including Delaware, New Hampshire, Ontario, Québec, and Wisconsin.
Empoa scripta
Empoa scripta is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. Like other members of the genus Empoa, it possesses the distinctive brochosomes—nanoparticle coatings that provide superhydrophobic and anti-reflective properties to the exoskeleton and wings. The species has been documented across parts of North America including British Columbia, Idaho, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, and New York.
Eratoneura
Eratoneura is a genus of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Young in 1952. The genus contains at least 190 described species, placing it among the more species-rich genera within the subfamily Typhlocybinae. Members of this genus, like other leafhoppers, produce brochosomes—nanoparticles that coat their bodies for waterproofing and anti-reflective protection. Eratoneura fulleri has been specifically documented depositing brochosome clusters on wing edges for redistribution or repair of its protective coating.
Eratoneura acantha
Eratoneura acantha is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Ross and DeLong in 1950. Like other members of its genus, it possesses brochosomes—nanoparticles that coat the exoskeleton and wings, providing superhydrophobic and anti-reflective properties. The species is recorded from Maryland and New Hampshire in the northeastern United States.
Eratoneura beeri
Eratoneura beeri is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. Like other members of the genus Eratoneura, it produces brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles that coat the body and wings, conferring superhydrophobic and anti-reflective properties. The species was described by Hepner in 1972. Specific ecological details for E. beeri remain poorly documented in the available literature.
Eratoneura carmini
Eratoneura carmini is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. Like other members of the genus Eratoneura, it produces brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles that provide a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on its exoskeleton and wings. The species has been recorded across multiple North American regions including the southwestern United States and parts of Canada.
Eratoneura certa
Eratoneura certa is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. Like other members of the genus Eratoneura, it possesses brochosomes—unique nanoparticles produced by leafhoppers that create a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on the cuticle and wings. The species was described by Beamer in 1932 and has been recorded from Maryland, New Hampshire, and Ontario.
Eratoneura hymac
Eratoneura hymac is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Robinson in 1924. As a member of the subfamily Typhlocybinae, it is a small plant-feeding insect that produces brochosomes—hollow, soccer ball-shaped nanoparticles that coat its body for waterproofing and anti-reflective protection. The species has been documented in research on brochosome distribution and wettability properties.
Eratoneura inepta
Eratoneura inepta is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae, described by Beamer in 1932. Like other members of the genus Eratoneura, it produces brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles that form a hydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on its body and wings. The species has been documented in research on brochosome distribution and wing wettability.
Eratoneura marilandicae
Eratoneura marilandicae is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Ross in 1957. As a member of the genus Eratoneura, it belongs to a group of small, plant-feeding insects known for producing brochosomes—nanoparticles that coat their bodies and wings. The species has been documented in Maryland and New Hampshire. Like other leafhoppers in this genus, it likely exhibits the characteristic superhydrophobic and anti-reflective properties conferred by brochosome coatings.
Eratoneura noncuspidis
A species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. Like other members of its genus, it produces brochosomes—hollow, soccer ball-shaped nanoparticles that create a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on its body and wings. The species was described by Beamer in 1931.
Eratoneura parva
Eratoneura parva is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Typhlocybinae. Like other members of its genus, it produces brochosomes—complex nanoparticles that coat the body and wings, providing superhydrophobic and anti-reflective properties. The species was described by Beamer in 1932 and belongs to a group of small, plant-feeding insects that have become subjects of biomaterials research due to their unique surface coatings.
Graphocephala hieroglyphica atra
Graphocephala hieroglyphica atra is a subspecies of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae. Like other members of the genus Graphocephala, it possesses brochosomes—protein-lipid nanoparticles produced in the Malpighian tubules and applied to the body surface using comb-like spines on the hind legs. These brochosomes render the cuticle superhydrophobic and anti-reflective. The subspecies designation 'atra' indicates a dark or black coloration variant of the species G. hieroglyphica. Leafhoppers in this genus are plant feeders that use piercing-sucking mouthparts to extract xylem fluids.
Gyponana cf-protenta
A leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, Gyponana cf-protenta is distinguished by its production of brochosomes—complex nanoparticles that coat the body and wings. These particles, formed in the Malpighian tubules and distributed using comb-like hind leg spines, create a superhydrophobic and anti-reflective surface. The species is part of a genus known for brochosomes with distinctly angled, geometric pit morphology compared to smoother forms in related genera. Research on this taxon contributes to bioinspired materials science.
Gyponana geminata
Gyponana geminata is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Osborn in 1905. Like other leafhoppers in the genus Gyponana, this species produces brochosomes—hollow, soccer ball-shaped nanoparticles that coat the exoskeleton and wings, rendering them superhydrophobic and anti-reflective. The brochosomes of Gyponana species feature distinctively angled, geometric pits that differ morphologically from those of other leafhopper genera. This species has been documented in northeastern North America.
Gyponana omani
Gyponana omani is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, described by DeLong in 1942. As a member of the genus Gyponana, it produces distinctive brochosomes—hollow, geometric nanoparticles that coat its exoskeleton and wings. These brochosomes are characterized by more angled, geometric surface pits compared to those of some related genera. The species has been documented from Texas and Mexico.
Gyponana parallela
Gyponana parallela is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described by DeLong in 1942. As a member of the genus Gyponana, it produces brochosomes—complex nanoparticles that create a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on its body. The species has been recorded from the District of Columbia, Pennsylvania, and Washington State. Like other leafhoppers, it is a plant-feeding insect with piercing-sucking mouthparts.
Gyponana quebecensis
Gyponana quebecensis is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described from Quebec in 1872. As a member of genus Gyponana, it produces brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles that create a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on its body and wings. The species has been documented across multiple U.S. states including Florida, Illinois, Maine, Montana, and New Hampshire.
Gyponana serpenta
Leafhopper
Gyponana cf. serpenta is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, notable for producing distinctive brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles that coat its body surface. The brochosomes of Gyponana species feature more angled, geometric pits compared to those of other leafhopper genera. These nanoparticles render the cuticle superhydrophobic and anti-reflective, properties that have attracted significant research interest for bioinspired materials design.