Synonym

Guides

• Abagrotis benjamini

  Coastal Heathland Cutworm Moth

  Abagrotis benjamini is a moth in the family Noctuidae, described by Franclemont in 1955. It is currently treated as a synonym of Abagrotis nefascia. The species is known from coastal heathland habitats in North America, with records from Alberta, Canada. As a member of the cutworm moth group, it likely shares ecological traits with related Abagrotis species, though specific biological details remain poorly documented.

  Noctuidaecutworm-mothcoastal-heathlandAlbertasynonymFranclemont-1955LepidopteraNorth-America

• Acleris pulverosana

  Acleris pulverosana is a synonym of Acleris hastiana, a species of tortricid moth in the family Tortricidae. The name was described by Francis Walker in 1863 but is not currently accepted as a valid species. Records exist from Belgium, suggesting it has been historically documented in western Europe. As a synonym, biological information attributed to this name should be verified against current taxonomy under Acleris hastiana.

  synonymtortricidaebelgiumeurope

• Acleris viburnana

  Viburnum Acleris Moth

  Acleris viburnana is a tortricid moth currently treated as a synonym of Acleris schalleriana (Clemens, 1860). It is associated with viburnum plants, as indicated by its specific epithet and common name. Records exist from Belgium and the Azores (Pico, São Miguel). The species has been documented on iNaturalist with over 1,300 observations, suggesting it is regularly encountered by observers.

  Tortricidaesynonymviburnum-associated

• Acronicta liturata

  Acronicta liturata is a moth species in the family Noctuidae, originally described by Smith in 1897. It is currently treated as a synonym of Acronicta brumosa in taxonomic databases. The species belongs to the dagger moth genus Acronicta, a group known for caterpillars with distinctive tufts or 'daggers' of setae. Like other members of this genus, it is presumed to have a life cycle involving herbivorous larval stages and nocturnal adult moths.

  LepidopteraNoctuidaeAcronictasynonymNorth-Americadagger-moth

• Acupalpus punctulatus

  Marsh ground beetle

  Acupalpus punctulatus is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae, tribe Stenolophini. It was described by Hatch in 1953 and is currently treated as a synonym of Anthracus punctulatus in some taxonomic databases. The species is known by the common name "marsh ground beetle," suggesting an association with wetland or moist habitats. Very few observations exist in public databases, indicating it may be rarely encountered or underreported.

  Carabidaeground-beetleStenolophinimarsh-beetlesynonymrarely-observed

• Acupalpus tener

  A small ground beetle in the family Carabidae, originally described by LeConte in 1857. Currently treated as a synonym of Anthracus tener. The species is part of the tribe Stenolophini, a group of small carabid beetles commonly found in various terrestrial habitats.

  CarabidaeColeopteraground-beetlesynonymLeConte-1857United-States

• Acylophorus pratensis

  Acylophorus pratensis is a rove beetle species in the family Staphylinidae, first described by LeConte in 1863. The species is currently recognized as a synonym of Amacylophorus pratensis. It has been documented in limited observations across parts of Canada and the northeastern and midwestern United States.

  rove-beetleStaphylinidaeColeopterasynonymNorth-America

• Admontia rufochaeta

  Admontia rufochaeta is a tachinid fly described by Curran in 1927. It is currently recognized as a junior synonym of Admontia nasoni. The species was originally described from North American material. As a synonym, it retains no independent taxonomic status.

  synonymtachinidNorth-America

• Agabus cordatus

  Agabus cordatus is a species of predaceous diving beetle in the family Dytiscidae, originally described by LeConte in 1853. It is currently treated as a synonym of Ilybiosoma cordatum, a genus distinguished from Agabus by subtle morphological features of the male genitalia and body proportions. Like other members of the subfamily Agabinae, it is an aquatic beetle inhabiting freshwater systems. Records indicate presence in North America.

  synonymdiving-beetleaquatic-beetleNorth-American-faunataxonomic-revision

• Agabus triton

  Agabus triton is a species of predaceous diving beetle in the family Dytiscidae, described by Fall in 1922. The species is currently treated as a synonym of Agabus amnicola. It has been recorded from Europe, Northern Asia (excluding China), and North America. As a member of the Dytiscidae, it belongs to a family of aquatic beetles adapted to life in freshwater habitats.

  ColeopteraDytiscidaeAgabussynonymaquatic-beetlepredaceous-diving-beetle

• Agrilaxia arizonae

  Agrilaxia arizonae is a species of metallic wood-boring beetle (family Buprestidae) native to the southwestern United States and Mexico. The species is currently treated as a synonym of Agrilaxia flavimana, though this status remains ambiguous in some taxonomic sources. It is associated with oak habitats in montane regions of Arizona and has been collected by sweeping foliage of Quercus arizonica (Arizona white oak) and other oak species.

  BuprestidaeAgrilaxiaoak-associatedArizonasky-islandssynonymmontanesweeping-methodology

• Aleochara littoralis

  Aleochara littoralis is a species of rove beetle in the family Staphylinidae, first described by Wollaston in 1864. The species is currently treated as a synonym of Aleochara obscurella in some taxonomic databases, though this status appears inconsistent across sources. It has been recorded from Europe, Morocco, and the Canary Islands.

  rove-beetleStaphylinidaeColeopterasynonymtaxonomic-uncertainty

• Allonemobius sparsalus

  Allonemobius sparsalus is a small cricket species described by Fulton in 1930, currently treated as a synonym within the genus Allonemobius (family Trigonidiidae). The species has been recorded from coastal and southeastern United States localities. Like other members of Allonemobius, it belongs to a group of ground-dwelling crickets often associated with moist or grassy habitats. The taxonomic status of this name requires verification against current revisions of the genus.

  cricketground-cricketTrigonidiidaeNorth-Americasynonym

• Amorbia synneurana

  Amorbia synneurana is a synonym of Amorbia cuneana (Walsingham), commonly known as the western avocado leafroller moth. The name was proposed by Barnes & Busck in 1920 but was synonymized with A. cuneana in the 2007 revision of the genus Amorbia. No biological data specific to A. synneurana as a distinct entity exists; records under this name refer to A. cuneana.

  synonymTortricidaeSparganothinileafroller-mothwestern-avocado-leafroller-moth

• Amphigonalia aridella

  Amphigonalia aridella is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, originally described by DeLong in 1948. The species is currently treated as a synonym of Neokolla aridella. It has been recorded from arid regions of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico.

  leafhopperaridsouthwestern-North-Americasynonym

• Amphinemura linda

  Amphinemura linda is a species of spring stonefly in the family Nemouridae. It was described by Ricker in 1952. The species is currently considered a synonym of Amphinemura palmeni. It has been recorded from North America, with distribution records from Alberta, Alaska, British Columbia, and Iowa, as well as from Finland.

  PlecopteraNemouridaespring-stoneflysynonymNorth-AmericaFinland

• Amplicephalus nebulosus

  Amplicephalus nebulosus is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, originally described as Endria nebulosa by Ball in 1900. It is currently treated as a synonym of Endria nebulosa in major taxonomic databases. The species has been recorded from both North America (Colorado) and parts of Asia (Buryat, Chita, Chuvash, Hentiy regions), indicating a transcontinental distribution. As a member of the subfamily Deltocephalinae, it belongs to a large and diverse group of leafhoppers with varied host plant associations.

  leafhopperCicadellidaeDeltocephalinaesynonymEndria-nebulosatranscontinental-distribution

• Andrena cyanura

  Andrena cyanura is a species of mining bee in the family Andrenidae, described by Cockerell in 1916. It is currently treated as a synonym of Andrena transnigra in major taxonomic databases including Catalogue of Life and GBIF. The species was originally described from North America. As a member of the genus Andrena, it would share the general biology of mining bees: solitary, ground-nesting bees that excavate tunnels in soil to provision with pollen for their larvae.

  mining-beeAndrenidaesolitary-beesynonymNorth-Americaground-nesting-beeCockerell-1916

• Anomala carlsoni

  Anomala carlsoni is a species of scarab beetle described by Hardy in 1976. It is currently recognized as a synonym of Leptohoplia carlsoni in some taxonomic databases, reflecting ongoing taxonomic uncertainty in the Rutelinae subfamily. The species is known from California, USA, placing it within the Nearctic realm. Like other members of the genus Anomala, it belongs to the chafer group of scarab beetles, though specific ecological and biological details remain undocumented in the available literature.

  scarabaeidaerutelinaechafernearcticcaliforniasynonymtaxonomy-uncertain

• Anomala cavifrons

  Anomala cavifrons is a species of shining leaf chafer in the family Scarabaeidae, originally described by LeConte in 1868. The species is currently recognized as a synonym of Paranomala cavifrons. It belongs to the subfamily Rutelinae, a group commonly known as shining leaf chafers. Limited specific information is available regarding its biology and ecology.

  scarab-beetleshining-leaf-chaferRutelinaesynonym

• Anomala flavilla

  shining leaf chafer

  Anomala flavilla is a species of shining leaf chafer in the family Scarabaeidae. The species was described by Bates in 1888 and is currently recognized as a synonym of Paranomala flavilla in some taxonomic databases. As a member of the subfamily Rutelinae, it belongs to a group of scarab beetles commonly known as shining leaf chafers, characterized by their metallic or iridescent coloration. Information regarding its biology, distribution, and ecology remains limited in available sources.

  ScarabaeidaeRutelinaeshining-leaf-chafersynonymBates-1888Paranomala

• Anomala flavipennis okaloosensis

  Panhandle Beach Anomala Beetle

  Anomala flavipennis okaloosensis is a subspecies of scarab beetle described by Potts in 1977. It is currently treated as a synonym in major taxonomic databases, with the accepted name being Paranomala flavipennis. The subspecies epithet "okaloosensis" suggests a geographic association with Okaloosa County or the Florida Panhandle region. Like other members of the genus Anomala, it belongs to the tribe Anomalini within the subfamily Rutelinae, a group commonly known as shining leaf chafers.

  ScarabaeidaeRutelinaeAnomalinisynonymFloridasoutheastern-United-Statesleaf-chafer1977-descriptionPottsParanomala-flavipennisOkaloosa-CountyPanhandle-Beach-Anomala-Beetle

• Anomala foraminosa

  shining leaf chafer

  Anomala foraminosa is a species of shining leaf chafer in the family Scarabaeidae. The species was described by Bates in 1888 and is currently classified under the genus Anomala, though it has also been placed in Paranomala in some taxonomic treatments. As a member of the Rutelinae subfamily, it belongs to a diverse group of scarab beetles commonly known as shining leaf chafers. The species has been documented in 61 observations on iNaturalist.

  scarableaf-chaferRutelinaeshining-leaf-chaferAnomalaParanomalaBates-1888synonymColeopteraScarabaeidaeAnomalini

• Anomala hardyorum

  Hardy's Dune Beetle, Hardys' dune beetle

  Anomala hardyorum, commonly known as Hardy's Dune Beetle, is a species of shining leaf chafer in the family Scarabaeidae. The species was described by Potts in 1976 and is endemic to the Algodones Dunes of North America. It is currently recognized as a synonym of Paranomala hardyorum in some taxonomic databases. As a member of the genus Anomala, it belongs to a group of scarab beetles commonly referred to as chafers or shining leaf chafers.

  endemicdune-specialistscarab-beetleshining-leaf-chaferAlgodones-DunesCaliforniaBaja-CaliforniasynonymParanomalaPotts-1976

• Anomala oblivia

  pine chafer

  Anomala oblivia, commonly known as the pine chafer, is a species of shining leaf chafer in the family Scarabaeidae. It was described by Horn in 1884. The species is currently recognized as a synonym of Paranomala oblivia in some taxonomic databases. Very little specific information is available about its biology or ecology.

  scarabaeidaerutelinaeshining-leaf-chaferpine-chafersynonymdata-deficient

• Anomala undulata

  shining leaf chafer

  Anomala undulata is a species of shining leaf chafer in the family Scarabaeidae. It is currently recognized as a synonym of Paranomala undulata according to GBIF taxonomy. The species was described by Melsheimer in 1845 and belongs to the diverse group of scarab beetles commonly known as chafers, many of which are associated with feeding on plant material.

  ColeopteraScarabaeidaeRutelinaechaferleaf-chafersynonymParanomala

• Anoplius brevihirta

  Anoplius brevihirta is a species of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae. According to current taxonomic databases, this name is treated as a synonym of Anoplius cylindricus. The species was originally described by Nathan Banks in 1945. As a member of the genus Anoplius, it belongs to a diverse group of spider wasps known for hunting wolf spiders and other ground-dwelling spiders to provision their nests.

  spider-waspPompilidaesynonymtaxonomy

• Anthepiscopus

  Anthepiscopus is a genus of small flies originally described by Becker in 1891. It is currently treated as a synonym of Iteaphila within the family Iteaphilidae, though some sources still list it under Empididae. The genus contains at least two described species, including A. caelebs (the type species) and A. antipodus. These flies are found in Europe and northern North America.

  empidoiddance-flysynonym

• Anthonomus consors

  cherry curculio

  Anthonomus consors, commonly known as the cherry curculio, is a species of true weevil in the beetle family Curculionidae. The species was described by Dietz in 1891. It belongs to the genus Anthonomus, a large and economically significant group of weevils that includes several agricultural pests. The common name suggests an association with cherry plants, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented in available sources.

  weevilcurculionidaeanthonomuscherry-curculiocoleopterainsectaarthropodaanimaliadietz-1891tachypterellus-consorssynonym

• Antistrophus pisum

  Antistrophus pisum is a species of gall wasp in the family Cynipidae. It is a synonym of Antistrophus lygodesmiaepisum, a monophagous cynipid wasp that induces pea-like stem galls on the rush skeletonplant (Lygodesmia juncea). The species occurs in the Loess Hills region of western Iowa and extreme northwestern Missouri, where its host plant persists as a hypsithermal relict in hilltop prairie remnants. The galls are solid, succulent structures that exude latex-like sap when damaged.

  gall-waspcynipidmonophagousLoess-Hillsprairie-relictconservation-concernstem-galllatexsynonymLygodesmia-juncea

• Apanteles diacrisiae

  Apanteles diacrisiae is a species of braconid wasp described by Risbec in 1951. According to GBIF and Catalogue of Life records, this name is currently treated as a synonym of Apanteles bambeytriplus. The genus Apanteles belongs to the subfamily Microgastrinae, a diverse group of small parasitoid wasps (typically 1-5 mm) that are among the most common parasitoids recovered from caterpillars. Species in this genus are known to parasitize lepidopteran larvae, with many showing high host specificity.

  parasitoidBraconidaeMicrogastrinaetaxonomy-uncertainsynonym

• Apogeshna acestealis

  Apogeshna acestealis is a moth species described by Walker in 1859. It is currently treated as a junior synonym of Apogeshna stenialis, commonly known as the checkered apogeshna moth. The species belongs to the family Crambidae and subfamily Spilomelinae. Records indicate it has been documented in Vermont and other parts of the United States.

  mothCrambidaeSpilomelinaesynonymNorth-America

• Aporus luxus assimilis

  Aporus luxus assimilis is a subspecies of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae, originally described by Banks in 1917. Current taxonomic databases list this name as a synonym of Aporus luxus rather than a valid subspecies. The parent species A. luxus is a small iridescent blue-black wasp, 8–15 mm in length, known from western North America. Adults are commonly found on flowers of umbellifers and other plants where they feed on nectar. Females hunt trapdoor spiders (family Euctenizidae), paralyzing them and using the spider's own burrow as a nest for their offspring.

  spider-waspPompilidaesynonymparasitoidtrapdoor-spider-predatorwestern-North-Americaumbellifer-visitorblue-black-wasp

• Apterodryinus

  Apterodryinus is a genus of dryinid wasps erected by R. Perkins in 1907. The genus is currently treated as a synonym of Gonatopus. It was established for species characterized by reduced or absent wings in females. Records indicate presence in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden.

  synonymdryinidaegonatopuswing-reductionScandinavia

• Arachnospila arcta

  Arachnospila arcta is a species of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae, first described by Cresson in 1865. The species is currently treated as a synonym of Arachnospila arctus. Members of this genus are solitary wasps that provision nests with paralyzed spiders. The taxon has been documented in very few observations, suggesting it is either rare, undercollected, or primarily of historical taxonomic interest due to its synonym status.

  pompilidaespider-waspsynonymsolitary-waspaculeatahymenopterararely-observed

• Arachnospila scelestus

  Arachnospila scelestus is a species of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae. The species was originally described as Pompilus scelestus by Cresson in 1865 and later transferred to the genus Arachnospila. As with other members of this family, it is presumed to be a solitary wasp that hunts spiders to provision nests for its offspring, though specific natural history details for this species remain poorly documented. The species is currently treated as a synonym in some taxonomic databases, reflecting ongoing revisions within the genus.

  spider-waspsolitary-waspsynonympoorly-known

• Aradus crenatus

  flat bug

  Aradus crenatus is a species of flat bug in the family Aradidae, first described by Thomas Say in 1832. The species has been recorded from Central America and North America, with additional reports from Europe. GBIF indicates its current accepted status is as a synonym of Aradus conspicuus, though this taxonomic treatment may vary across sources. As with other members of the genus Aradus, it belongs to a group of cryptic insects associated with dead wood habitats.

  flat-bugAradidaeHemipterasynonymsaproxylic

• Argia fumipennis atra

  Black Dancer

  Argia fumipennis atra is a subspecies of damselfly commonly known as the Black Dancer. It belongs to the family Coenagrionidae and is currently treated as a synonym of Argia fumipennis. The subspecies was described by Gloyd in 1968 and is found in North America and Middle America, with confirmed presence in Vermont, USA. As a member of the genus Argia, it shares the typical characteristics of dancer damselflies, which are known for their distinctive wing-flicking behavior.

  OdonatadamselflyCoenagrionidaeArgiaNorth-Americasynonym

• Asciodes quietalis

  Asciodes quietalis is a moth species originally described by Walker in 1859 as Scoparia quietalis. It is currently treated as a synonym of Asciodes gordialis, a species in the family Crambidae (subfamily Spilomelinae). The taxon has been documented in 46 iNaturalist observations. As a synonym, it does not represent a currently recognized valid species, and biological information attributed to this name should be referred to the accepted species Asciodes gordialis.

  synonymCrambidaeSpilomelinaeWalker-1859

• Asiopus

  Asiopus is a genus of leaf beetles in the family Chrysomelidae, currently treated as a synonym of Cryptocephalus. It was established by Lopatin in 1965 for certain Palaearctic species. The genus name continues to appear in some databases and literature due to historical usage. Species formerly placed in Asiopus share the general characteristics of Cryptocephalus, including compact bodies and enlarged hind femora.

  synonymtaxonomydata-qualityChrysomelidaeCryptocephalus

• Aspila

  Aspila is a junior synonym of Grapholita, a genus of tortrix moths in the family Tortricidae. The name was established by Stephens in 1834 but has been synonymized under Grapholita, which is the type genus of the tribe Grapholitini within the subfamily Olethreutinae. Specimens historically identified under Aspila are now classified within Grapholita.

  synonymhistorical-nameTortricidaeLepidopteraGrapholita

• Asterocampa celtis antonia

  Empress Antonia

  Asterocampa celtis antonia is a subspecies of tawny emperor butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is currently recognized as a synonym of Asterocampa leilia according to GBIF taxonomy, though NCBI and iNaturalist maintain it as a distinct subspecies. The taxon was originally described by W.H. Edwards in 1878 as Apatura antonia.

  butterflyNymphalidaeAsterocampasynonymhackberry-feedersap-feeder

• Ataenius punctifrons

  Ataenius punctifrons is a species of scarab beetle in the family Scarabaeidae, originally described by Cartwright in 1974. GBIF records indicate this name is currently treated as a synonym of Ataenius texanus. The species has been documented from the Nearctic and Neotropical regions, including multiple U.S. states and Mexican states as well as parts of Central America and the Caribbean.

  scarab-beetleAphodiinaedung-beetlesynonymNearcticNeotropicalturfgrass-associated-genus

• Auleutes asper

  minute seed weevil

  Auleutes asper is a species of minute seed weevil in the family Curculionidae. It is native to North America and is currently classified as a synonym of Lixus asper. As a member of the tribe Auleutini, it belongs to a group of small weevils associated with seeds.

  seed-weevilCurculionidaeNorth-Americasynonym

• Baphala

  snout moths

  Baphala is a genus of snout moths established by Carl Heinrich in 1956. It is currently treated as a junior synonym of Vitula, a genus within the subfamily Phycitinae of the family Pyralidae. The genus originally included seven described species, with Baphala pallida (Comstock, 1880) being among the earliest described. Species originally placed in Baphala are now classified under Vitula.

  mothsnout-mothPyralidaePhycitinaesynonymVitula

• Belladonna

  Belladonna

  Belladonna is a genus of bulbous flowering plants in the family Amaryllidaceae, native to South Africa. The most notable species, Amaryllis belladonna, is commonly known as the belladonna lily or 'naked lady' due to its leafless flowering stalks in summer. The name 'belladonna' derives from Italian, meaning 'beautiful lady.' The genus is now treated as a synonym of Amaryllis in modern taxonomy. Plants in this group produce showy pink flowers that attract pollinators including honey bees.

  bulbornamentalsynonymSouth-African-native

• Bembidion amnicum

  Bembidion amnicum is a synonym of Bembidion nubiculosum, a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae. The name was published by Casey in 1918. The currently accepted name is Bembidion (Notaphus) nubiculosum.

  synonymCarabidaeColeopteraground-beetleBembidion

• Bembidion intermedium

  Bembidion intermedium is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae. It is currently classified as a synonym of Bembidion (Peryphus) lenae in some taxonomic treatments, though GBIF recognizes it as an accepted species. The species was described by Poppius in 1906 and is known from North America.

  Carabidaeground-beetleNorth-AmericasynonymPoppius-1906

• Benthalia

  Benthalia is a genus of non-biting midges in the family Chironomidae, established by Lipina in 1939. The genus is currently treated as a synonym of Einfeldia in the Catalogue of Life, reflecting ongoing taxonomic revision in the Chironomini tribe. Species historically placed in Benthalia are primarily benthic, inhabiting the bottom sediments of aquatic environments.

  Chironomidaenon-biting-midgesbenthicfreshwaterDipterasynonymEinfeldiapalearctic

• Boloria chariclea rainieri

  Tacoma Fritillary

  Boloria chariclea rainieri is a subspecies of fritillary butterfly in the family Nymphalidae, known by the common name Tacoma Fritillary. It was described by Barnes and McDunnough in 1913. GBIF lists this name as a synonym, with the accepted name placed in the genus Clossiana as Clossiana chariclea. The subspecies appears to be associated with the Pacific Northwest region of North America based on its epithet.

  fritillaryPacific-NorthwestsynonymsubspeciesTacomaMount-Rainier

• Bombylius ater

  Bombylius ater is a species of bee fly in the family Bombyliidae, originally described by Scopoli in 1763. The species is currently recognized as a synonym of Bombylella atra, though it was historically placed in the genus Bombylius. Bee flies in this group are characterized by their hairy bodies, long proboscises for nectar feeding, and parasitic larval stages. The genus Bombylius includes species that are active primarily in spring and are known for their hovering flight behavior.

  bee-flyparasitoidpollinatorDipteraBombyliidaeBelgiumsynonym

• Bombylius heximaculatus

  Bombylius heximaculatus is a species of bee fly in the family Bombyliidae, described by Johnson & Johnson in 1975. Currently listed as a synonym of Bombylius albicapillus in the Catalogue of Life, this species belongs to the tribe Bombyliini, which includes bee flies with spring adult activity. Members of this genus are characterized by their bee-like appearance, hovering flight behavior, and parasitic larval stages that target the larvae of solitary bees and other insects.

  bee-flyBombyliidaesynonymparasitoidDiptera

• Boreothrinax dichaetus

  Boreothrinax dichaetus is a species of fly in the family Pyrgotidae, originally described by Steyskal in 1978. The species is currently treated as a synonym of Pyrgota dichaetus, reflecting taxonomic uncertainty or reclassification within the genus. Pyrgotidae are a family of parasitoid flies known for attacking scarab beetles. Records indicate no documented observations in citizen science databases, suggesting rarity or limited detection.

  DipteraPyrgotidaesynonymscarab-parasitoidrarely-observed

• Botrodus estriatus

  Botrodus estriatus is a small beetle species in the family Murmidiidae, a group of minute fungus beetles. The species was first described by Thomas L. Casey in 1890. GBIF currently lists this name as a synonym of Botrodus championi. Records indicate presence in North America.

  synonymminute-fungus-beetleNorth-American-beetle

• Brachiacantha decora

  Decorated Spurleg, decorated lady beetle

  Brachiacantha decora Casey, 1899 is a North American lady beetle (family Coccinellidae) historically recognized as a distinct species. A 2020 taxonomic revision synonymized it with Brachiacantha bistripustulata (Fabricius, 1801), rendering B. decora a junior synonym. The species belongs to the dentipes species group within Brachiacantha. No independent biological data exist for B. decora as a separate taxon; all ecological information refers to the synonymized B. bistripustulata.

  synonymlady-beetleCoccinellidaeNorth-Americadentipes-group

• Brephidium exilis

  Western Pygmy Blue, Pygmy Blue

  Brephidium exilis, commonly known as the Western Pygmy Blue, is the smallest butterfly species in North America. Despite its diminutive size, it is widespread and relatively common across its range, though often overlooked due to its minute stature. The species belongs to the family Lycaenidae (gossamer-winged butterflies) and is recognized as a synonym of Brephidium exile.

  butterflyLycaenidaesmallestNorth-AmericaHawaiisynonymcommon-speciesoverlookedminiature

• Brontaea humilis

  Brontaea humilis is a small muscid fly described by Zetterstedt in 1860. It belongs to the family Muscidae, which includes house flies and related species. The species has been recorded from Norway and Sweden. Very little is known about its biology or ecology, and it appears to be rarely encountered based on limited observation records.

  MuscidaeDipteraScandinaviasynonymrarely-recorded

• Cacozelia pemphusalis

  Cacozelia pemphusalis is a species of snout moth described by Herbert Druce in 1899. It is currently recognized as a synonym of Cacozelia albimedialis. The species has been documented in the southwestern United States, particularly Arizona.

  snout-mothPyralidaeEpipaschiinaesynonym

• Cafius femoralis

  Cafius femoralis is a rove beetle species in the family Staphylinidae, originally described from the North Pacific region. GBIF records indicate this name is currently treated as a synonym of Cafius mutatus. The species has documented distribution records along the western coast of North America from Alaska to California, with additional records from British Columbia and Oregon.

  rove-beetleStaphylinidaeNorth-Pacificcoastalsynonym

• Cagiva

  Cagiva is a genus of tortricid moths (family Tortricidae) described by Pogue in 1990. It is currently treated as a synonym of the genus Cochylimorpha. The genus was established within the tribe Cochylini, subfamily Tortricinae. Records associated with this name originate from Denmark, Norway, and Sweden.

  synonymtortricidaelepidopteramoths

• Calaphidina

  Calaphidina is a subtribe of aphids within the tribe Calaphidini and subfamily Calaphidinae, established by Oestlund in 1919. The group is currently treated as a synonym in modern taxonomic databases, indicating it has been merged with or subsumed under other taxonomic concepts. Members of this group are part of the diverse aphid fauna that feed on various host plants, though specific diagnostic features distinguishing this subtribe remain poorly documented in contemporary literature.

  aphidsubtribesynonymCalaphidinaeSternorrhyncha

• Calleidina

  Calleidina is a subtribe of ground beetles in the family Carabidae, established by Chaudoir in 1873. It is currently treated as a synonym within the tribe Lebiini (subfamily Lebiinae). The subtribe historically grouped certain genera of small to medium-sized carabid beetles, though modern taxonomic revisions have reassigned its constituent taxa. As a synonym, it no longer represents a valid grouping in contemporary classifications but persists in older literature and databases.

  CarabidaeLebiinaeLebiinihistorical-taxonomysynonymground-beetles

• Calles cladotrichis

  Calles cladotrichis is a species of weevil in the family Curculionidae. The species was described by Pierce in 1912 and is currently recognized as a synonym of Tylodes cladotrichis. It belongs to the genus Calles, a group of weevils in the diverse superfamily Curculionoidea. Available records indicate extremely limited documentation, with only three observations recorded on iNaturalist.

  synonympoorly-documentedtaxonomic-uncertainty

• Callophrys gryneus loki

  Juniper Hairstreak, Olive Hairstreak

  Callophrys gryneus loki is a subspecies of juniper hairstreak butterfly historically recognized from parts of the central and southern United States. The name is currently treated as a synonym in GBIF, with specimens reclassified under the nominate form Callophrys gryneus. These butterflies are associated with juniper and cedar host plants. Adults have been observed nectaring on milkweeds and other flowering plants in prairie and open woodland habitats. The taxon represents part of a complex of similar hairstreaks whose taxonomy remains under revision.

  Lycaenidaehairstreakjunipersynonymprairiewoodlandnectar-feedingdiurnalNorth-AmericaLepidoptera

• Callophrys gryneus rosneri

  Rosner's Hairstreak, Juniper Hairstreak

  Callophrys gryneus rosneri is a subspecies of juniper hairstreak butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is currently recognized as a synonym of Mitoura gryneus in GBIF taxonomy, though iNaturalist maintains it as a distinct subspecies under Callophrys. The taxon was described by K. Johnson in 1976. Like other juniper hairstreaks, it is associated with juniper host plants.

  LycaenidaeTheclinaehairstreakjunipersubspeciessynonymNorth-America

• Callophrys gryneus smilacis

  juniper hairstreak, olive hairstreak

  Callophrys gryneus smilacis is a subspecies of juniper hairstreak butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. The subspecies is currently treated as a synonym of Mitoura gryneus in some taxonomic databases. Adults are associated with juniper and hackberry-bumelia-juniper woodland habitats. The species has been documented in Oklahoma and Vermont, with observations in late August. The taxonomic status of this subspecies remains unsettled, with conflicting treatments across sources.

  LycaenidaeTheclinaehairstreakjuniperOklahomasynonymtaxonomic-uncertainty

• Callophrys gryneus thornei

  Juniper Hairstreak, Thorne's Juniper Hairstreak

  Callophrys gryneus thornei is a subspecies of juniper hairstreak butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is currently considered a synonym of Callophrys thornei. The species is associated with juniper habitats and has been documented in North America. Like other members of the gryneus complex, adults likely feed on nectar from various flowers and larvae feed on juniper species.

  LycaenidaehairstreakjunipersynonymNorth-Americagreen-hairstreak

• Callophrys irus arsace

  Callophrys irus arsace is a historically reported subspecies of the frosted elfin butterfly, originally described from coastal regions of the southeastern United States (Carolinas and Virginia). Genetic analysis of preserved specimens found no evidence that this subspecies is genetically distinct from the nominate subspecies C. i. irus. Field surveys conducted in 2019 and 2021 failed to locate any extant populations within its historical range. The subspecies has not been observed in over two decades and may be extirpated.

  butterflyLycaenidaefrosted-elfinsubspeciesextirpatedconservation-geneticscoastal-plainVirginiaCarolinasmuseum-specimensgenetic-analysishabitat-occupancypine-barrensynonym

• Calopompilus albopilosus

  Calopompilus albopilosus is a species of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae. The species was described by Cresson in 1867. Current taxonomy recognizes this name as a synonym of Chirodamus albopilosus. Members of the genus Calopompilus are known for their specialized predation on spiders.

  spider-waspsynonymPompilidaeHymenopteraAculeata

• Calopompilus maculipennis

  Calopompilus maculipennis is a species of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae, originally described by Smith in 1855. The species is currently recognized as a synonym of Chirodamus maculipennis. It belongs to the aculeate wasps, a group characterized by stinging apparatus derived from the ovipositor. As with other pompilid wasps, members of this genus are solitary hunters that provision their nests with paralyzed spiders.

  spider-wasppompilidsynonymaculeatasolitary-wasp

• Cambogia tegularia

  Cambogia tegularia is a moth species described by Guenée in 1858. It is currently recognized as a synonym of Eois tegularia, a species within the subfamily Larentiinae of the Geometridae family. The genus Cambogia is no longer accepted as valid in modern taxonomy, with its species reassigned to Eois. This is a tropical geometrid moth found in the Indo-Australian region.

  synonymhistorical-nameGeometridaeLarentiinaeEois

• Cancer gracilis

  Cancer gracilis is a species of true crab in the family Cancridae, originally described by Dana in 1852. It is currently recognized as a synonym of Metacarcinus gracilis. The species belongs to the diverse group of decapod crustaceans characterized by a hard carapace and ten walking legs. Like other members of the genus, it is a marine crab found in coastal waters.

  crabdecapodmarinesynonym

• Celastrina echo nigrescens

  Northwestern Azure

  Celastrina echo nigrescens, the Northwestern Azure, is a subspecies of the western azure butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is currently recognized as a synonym of Celastrina ladon. The subspecies was described by J. Fletcher in 1903. Like other azure butterflies, it is associated with specific host plants including California buckeye (Aesculus californica).

  azurebluebutterflysynonymwestern-North-AmericaLycaenidae

• Cepheoidea

  Cepheoidea is a superfamily of oribatid mites within the order Sarcoptiformes, established by Berlese in 1896. The group is currently treated as a synonym of Cepheusoidea in modern classifications. Oribatid mites in this group are primarily soil-dwelling decomposers.

  mitesoribatidasoil-mitesdecomposerssynonym

• Ceratagallia arida

  Aceratagallia arida is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, originally described as Ceratagallia arida by Oman in 1933. The species has been transferred to the genus Aceratagallia, though it is still frequently referenced by its original name in literature and databases. It is recorded from western North America including Alberta, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, and Texas.

  leafhopperCicadellidaeHemipteraNorth-Americasynonym

• Ceratagallia curta

  Ceratagallia curta is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Oman in 1933. It is currently treated as a synonym of Aceratagallia curta in some taxonomic databases, reflecting ongoing uncertainty in generic placement within the Megophthalminae subfamily. Distribution records indicate occurrence in Arizona, USA and Mexico.

  leafhopperCicadellidaeMegophthalminaeHemipteraArizonaMexicosynonymtaxonomic-uncertainty

• Ceratagallia inconspicua

  Ceratagallia inconspicua is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Baker in 1898. The species is currently treated as a synonym of Aceratagallia inconspicua in some taxonomic databases, reflecting ongoing taxonomic revision in this genus. It has been recorded from the southwestern United States including Arizona, California, and Nevada. As a member of the leafhopper family Cicadellidae, it belongs to a group known for plant-feeding habits and potential role as vectors of plant pathogens, though specific biological details for this species remain poorly documented.

  leafhopperCicadellidaeHemipterasynonymsouthwestern-USpoorly-known

• Ceratagallia nana

  Ceratagallia nana is a small leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Oman in 1933. It belongs to a genus of minute leafhoppers within the tribe Agalliini. The species is currently considered a synonym of Aceratagallia nana in some taxonomic databases, reflecting ongoing taxonomic revision in this group. Distribution records indicate occurrence in Arizona.

  leafhopperCicadellidaeHemipteraArizonasynonymAgalliiniAuchenorrhynchaOman-1933CeratagalliaAceratagallia

• Ceratagallia nanella nanella

  Ceratagallia nanella nanella is a subspecies of leafhopper originally described from Arizona by Oman in 1933. It is currently treated as a synonym of Aceratagallia nanella, reflecting taxonomic revisions that merged the genus Ceratagallia into Aceratagallia. The subspecies designation has not been maintained in recent literature. Records are limited to the type locality region.

  synonymleafhopperArizonaCicadellidaehistorical-taxon

• Ceratagallia nitidula

  Ceratagallia nitidula is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, originally described by Oman in 1933. The species has been reclassified under the genus Aceratagallia in some taxonomic treatments, and is currently considered a synonym of Aceratagallia nitidula in major biodiversity databases. It belongs to the tribe Agalliini within the subfamily Megophthalminae. Distribution records indicate occurrence in Arizona, USA and Mexico.

  leafhopperCicadellidaeMegophthalminaeAgalliiniNorth-AmericaMexicoArizonasynonymAceratagallia

• Ceratagallia obscura

  Ceratagallia obscura is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae. It is currently recognized as a synonym of Aceratagallia obscura. The species has been recorded from western North America including Arizona, California, Oregon, and Ontario, Canada. Very little specific biological information is available for this taxon.

  leafhopperCicadellidaeHemipterasynonymwestern-North-America

• Ceratagallia robusta whitcombi

  Ceratagallia robusta whitcombi is a subspecies of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, originally described by Hamilton in 1998. The taxon is currently treated as a synonym of Aceratagallia robusta, reflecting ongoing taxonomic revisions within the Agalliini tribe. It is recorded from several southeastern and southwestern U.S. states.

  leafhopperCicadellidaeMegophthalminaeAgalliinisynonymUnited-Statessoutheastern-USsouthwestern-US

• Ceratocapsus punctulatus

  Ceratocapsus punctulatus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. The species was described by Reuter in 1876 and is currently considered a synonym of Ceratocapsus cubanus. Records indicate occurrence in Brazil and Cuba. As a member of the genus Ceratocapsus, it belongs to a group of mirid plant bugs commonly attracted to lights at night.

  HemipteraMiridaeplant-bugsynonymNeotropical

• Cerceris flavofasciata floridensis

  Cerceris flavofasciata floridensis is a subspecies of the crabronid wasp C. flavofasciata, described by Banks in 1915. It is currently treated as a synonym in taxonomic databases. The parent species belongs to a genus of solitary, ground-nesting predatory wasps that specialize on particular beetle prey. While specific information for this subspecies is sparse, congeners such as C. fumipennis have been extensively studied for their role in biosurveillance of invasive buprestid beetles.

  CrabronidaePhilanthinaesolitary-waspground-nestingpredatory-waspsubspeciessynonymNorth-AmericaFloridaCercerisHymenoptera

• Chiomara georgina

  Chiomara georgina is a species of skipper butterfly (family Hesperiidae) described by Reakirt in 1868. According to GBIF taxonomy records, this name is currently treated as a synonym of Chiomara asychis. The genus Chiomara comprises Neotropical skippers, though specific ecological details for this nominal species remain poorly documented in available sources.

  skipperHesperiidaeNeotropicalsynonymLepidoptera

• Chlorops crocota

  Chlorops crocota is a species of frit fly in the family Chloropidae, described by Loew in 1863. It is currently treated as a synonym of Chlorops crocotus. Chloropidae are small, often yellowish flies commonly known as grass flies or frit flies, many of which are associated with grasses and cereal crops. The specific biology and ecology of this nominal taxon remain poorly documented due to its synonymized status.

  DipteraChloropidaefrit-flygrass-flysynonym

• Chlorops rufescens

  Chlorops rufescens is a species of frit fly in the family Chloropidae, order Diptera. The species was described by Roser in 1840. A junior synonym, Chlorops rufescens Oldenberg, 1923, has been published but the Roser authorship takes priority. The species belongs to the genus Chlorops, a diverse group of small flies commonly known as grass flies or frit flies. As with many Chloropidae, detailed natural history information for this specific species remains limited in published literature.

  ChloropidaeDipterafrit-flygrass-flysynonym

• Chrysops celatus

  deer fly

  Chrysops celatus is a species of deer fly in the family Tabanidae, first described by Pechuman in 1949. It exhibits diel host-seeking activity patterns and has been recorded in northwest Florida and Vermont, USA. The species is currently considered a synonym of Chrysops atlanticus by some taxonomic authorities.

  Tabanidaedeer-flybiting-flyNorth-Americasynonymblood-feedingdiel-activity

• Chrysops cincticornis

  Ring-clawed Deer Fly

  Chrysops cincticornis is a deer fly in the family Tabanidae, first described by Walker in 1848. It is commonly known as the Ring-clawed Deer Fly. The species has been documented in Vermont and other parts of the United States, with 291 observations recorded on iNaturalist. Research on this species has focused on its oviposition behavior and fecundity, with laboratory studies showing females deposit eggs in gelatinous masses on mud substrates near water, averaging 156 eggs per female.

  deer-flyTabanidaeDipteramedical-entomologyovipositionfecundityring-clawed-deer-flyVermontUnited-Statesmud-substrategelatinous-egg-massChrysopsinaeChrysopsiniWalker-1848iNaturalistlaboratory-rearingegg-mass156-eggsrange-42-312near-watermud-like-substrateegg-depositionreproductionbehavioral-studymedical-entomology-researchinsect-vectorsbiting-fliestabanid-flieshorse-fliesdeer-fliesChrysopsNorth-AmericaNew-Englandobservation-recordssynonym-status-in-Catalogue-of-Lifeaccepted-status-in-GBIFarthropodinsectflyBrachyceraTabanomorphaHexapodaPterygotaAnimaliaArthropodaInsectacincticornisChrysops-cincticornis-Walker-1848Chrysops-(Chrysops)-cincticornisdeerflyhorseflytabanidbiting-flyvectoroviposition-behaviorfecundity-studyJournal-of-Medical-Entomology198210.1093/jmedent/19.5.597gelatinous-secretionmudwaterlaboratory-conditionsmean-fecundityegg-productionreproductive-biologyentomologyinsect-behaviorinsect-reproductiondipterantrue-flytwo-winged-flynematoceranCyclorrhaphaAschizaSchizophoraAcalyptrataeCalyptrataeOestroideaMuscoideaHippoboscoideaGlossinidaeCalliphoridaeSarcophagidaeMuscidaeFanniidaeAnthomyiidaeScathophagidaeOestridaeTachinidaeSiphonapteraPhthirapteraHemipteraColeopteraLepidopteraHymenopteraNeuropteraMegalopteraRaphidiopteraTrichopteraStrepsipteraMecopteraDipluraProturaCollembolaZygentomaArchaeognathaEphemeropteraOdonataPlecopteraGrylloblattodeaMantophasmatodeaPhasmatodeaOrthopteraDermapteraEmbiopteraZorapteraIsopteraBlattodeaMantodeaPhyllodocidaNotopteraWalker1848speciestaxongelatinoushabitatdistributionGBIFCatalogue-of-LifeNCBIlaboratory-studybehaviorlife-cyclesubstratemud-likemeanrange42-312femaleobservationrecordspecimencollectionmuseumresearchstudyarticleabstractDOIbiologyecologyhorse-flyacceptedsynonymtaxonomyclassificationUS291-observationslaboratory291-iNaturalist-observationsGBIF-distribution-recordsaccepted-species-statussynonym-in-Catalogue-of-Life156-eggs-mean-fecundityrange-42-312-eggs1982-Journal-of-Medical-Entomology-publicationDOI-10.1093/jmedent/19.5.597entomology-researchdipteran-biology

• Chrysops clavicornis

  deer fly

  Chrysops clavicornis is a species of deer fly in the family Tabanidae, described by Brennan in 1935. It belongs to the genus Chrysops, a diverse group of biting flies commonly known as deer flies or yellow flies. The species is characterized by clubbed antennae, as indicated by its specific epithet 'clavicornis' (from Latin clavus = club, cornu = horn). Like other members of the genus, it is likely a blood-feeding fly with females requiring blood meals for egg development.

  deer-flyTabanidaebiting-flyblood-feedingBrennan-1935clubbed-antennaeChrysopsinaeChrysopsiniDipteraBrachyceraTabanomorphasynonymrarely-observed

• Cicindela patruela huberi

  Huber's Tiger Beetle

  Cicindela patruela huberi is a subspecies of the northern barred tiger beetle, described by Johnson in 1989. GBIF lists this taxon as a synonym, suggesting taxonomic uncertainty or consolidation with other forms. The parent species C. patruela is associated with sandy forest habitats in the upper Midwest of North America. This subspecific epithet honors an individual named Huber, likely in recognition of contributions to tiger beetle study.

  CarabidaeCicindelinaetiger-beetleNorth-Americasynonymsandy-forest-habitatupper-Midwest

• Cicindela tranquebarica arida

  Death Valley Tiger Beetle

  Cicindela tranquebarica arida is a subspecies of the oblique-lined tiger beetle, known by the common name Death Valley Tiger Beetle. It is currently considered a synonym of Cicindela arida. The species to which it belongs, C. tranquebarica, is a spring-fall active tiger beetle found in open, sandy to clay habitats across North America, with adults typically present for only a few weeks. The subspecific epithet 'arida' suggests an association with arid environments.

  arid-habitatspring-fall-speciesDeath-Valleysynonym

• Clivina vespertina

  Clivina vespertina is a ground beetle species in the family Carabidae, originally described by Putzeys in 1867. The species is currently treated as a synonym of Semiclivina vespertina, reflecting ongoing taxonomic revisions within the genus Clivina and related genera. It belongs to the tribe Clivinini within the subfamily Scaritinae, a group of small, fossorial ground beetles. The species has been recorded from the United States and Uruguay.

  CarabidaeScaritinaeClivininiground-beetlesynonymSemiclivinaPutzeys-1867

• Codatractus valeriana

  Codatractus valeriana is a skipper butterfly (Hesperiidae) originally described from Middle America. The species has undergone taxonomic revision, with current treatment placing it in the genus Thorybes as Thorybes valeriana, rendering Codatractus valeriana a synonym. Records indicate presence in both Middle and North America. As a hesperiid, it likely exhibits the characteristic rapid, darting flight pattern of skippers, though specific behavioral details remain poorly documented.

  LepidopteraHesperiidaeskippersynonymMiddle-AmericaNorth-America

• Conocephalus fasciatus fasciatus

  Conocephalus fasciatus fasciatus is a subspecies of katydid in the family Tettigoniidae. It belongs to the genus Conocephalus, commonly known as meadow katydids or coneheads. The subspecies is currently listed as a synonym in taxonomic databases.

  katydidTettigoniidaeOrthopterasubspeciessynonym

• Cophura albosetosa

  Cophura albosetosa is a species of robber fly (family Asilidae) described by Hine in 1908. It is currently considered a synonym of Cophura scitula. The genus Cophura belongs to the subfamily Brachyrhopalinae, a group of predatory flies known for their agile flight and ambush hunting behavior. As a synonym, this name is no longer used in valid taxonomic classification.

  synonymrobber-flyDipteraAsilidae

• Cratotocha ampliata

  Cratotocha ampliata is a species of gall midge in the family Cecidomyiidae, described by Plakidas in 2017. It was originally described as Anaretella ampliata and later transferred to the genus Cratotocha. As a member of the subfamily Lestremiinae, it belongs to a group of cecidomyiids whose larvae typically develop in association with fungi or decaying organic matter rather than forming plant galls. The species is currently recognized as a synonym of Anaretella ampliata in some taxonomic databases.

  CecidomyiidaeDipteragall-midgeLestremiinaesynonymNeotropical2017-description

• Crypticerya townsendi

  Townsend's giant scale bug

  Crypticerya townsendi is a species of giant scale insect in the family Monophlebidae (sometimes historically placed in Margarodidae). It was originally described by Cockerell in 1899 and is currently considered a synonym of Steatococcus townsendi in some taxonomic treatments, though it remains listed under Crypticerya in other sources including iNaturalist and NCBI. The species is known from the United States and belongs to a group of large, often conspicuous scale insects commonly referred to as 'giant scale bugs.'

  scale-insectHemipteraMonophlebidaesynonymUnited-States

• Cryptocheilus terminatus terminatus

  Cryptocheilus terminatus terminatus is a subspecies of spider wasp in the family Pompilidae. The genus Cryptocheilus is known for hunting spiders to provision nests for their larvae. This subspecies was described by Thomas Say in 1828. It is currently treated as a synonym of Cryptocheilus terminatum terminatum in some taxonomic databases. Records indicate it has been observed in North America, specifically in association with flowering saltcedar (Tamarix) in Colorado.

  spider-waspPompilidaeHymenopteraNorth-AmericaColoradonectar-feedingsaltcedar-associatesynonym

• Cupido amyntula maritima

  Cupido amyntula maritima is a subspecies of the eastern tailed-blue butterfly described by Leblanc in 1985. The taxon is currently recognized as a synonym of Elkalyce amyntula, with records from Vermont and the United States. It belongs to the family Lycaenidae, a diverse group of small butterflies commonly known as gossamer-wings or blues.

  synonymsubspeciesLycaenidaeNorth-Americabutterfly

• Cybilla

  Cybilla is a genus of tortricid moths described by Pogue in 1990. The genus is currently recognized as a synonym of Cochylimorpha, a larger genus within the tribe Cochylini. The taxonomic status remains contested in some databases, with Catalogue of Life listing it as a synonym while GBIF recognizes it as accepted. Species previously placed in Cybilla are small to medium-sized moths with characteristic tortricid wing patterns.

  tortricidaecochylinisynonymmothslepidoptera

• Cyllopsis pyracmon

  Nabokov's Satyr

  Cyllopsis pyracmon, commonly known as Nabokov's satyr, is a butterfly species in the family Nymphalidae. It is recognized as a synonym of Euptychia pyracmon in some taxonomic databases. The species is found in North America and has been documented in alpine and forested habitats. Two subspecies are recognized: C. p. pyracmon and C. p. henshawi.

  butterflysatyrNymphalidaeNorth-AmericaalpinesynonymEuptychia

• Cymaenes trebius

  Cymaenes trebius is a synonym of Cymaenes odilia, a skipper butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It was described by Mabille in 1891. The species is known from distribution records on San Andrés, a Colombian island in the Caribbean Sea. As a synonym, this name is no longer in active use for current taxonomy.

  skipperCaribbeansynonymColombiaisland-endemic

• Cymindis platicollis atripennis

  Cymindis platicollis atripennis (Casey, 1920) is a subspecies of ground beetle in the family Carabidae. GBIF indicates this name is currently treated as a synonym of Pinacodera atripennis. The taxon was originally described from the United States. Very little specific information is available for this infraspecific name.

  Carabidaeground-beetlesynonymUnited-StatesNorth-America

• Cymindis punctigera

  Cymindis punctigera is a ground beetle species described by LeConte in 1851. It is currently treated as a synonym of Pinacodera punctigera. The species belongs to the subfamily Lebiinae within the family Carabidae. Records indicate occurrence in Mexico and the United States.

  synonymground-beetleCarabidaeLebiinaeNearctic

• Cymindis rufostigma

  Cymindis rufostigma is a ground beetle species described by Hunting in 2013. It is currently recognized as a synonym of Pinacodera rufostigma (Hunting, 2013). The species belongs to the subfamily Lebiinae, a group of small to medium-sized predatory beetles. Records indicate occurrence in the United States.

  synonymCarabidaeLebiinaeground-beetleUSA2013-description

• Cyparium ater

  Cyparium ater is a species of rove beetle in the family Staphylinidae, subfamily Scaphidiinae. Described by Casey in 1900, this species is currently treated as a synonym of Cyparium atrum. The genus Cyparium belongs to the tribe Cypariini within the scaphidiine rove beetles. Very little is known about the biology or ecology of this species.

  ColeopteraStaphylinidaeScaphidiinaerove-beetleNorth-AmericaTexassynonymdata-deficient

• Dadobiina

  Dadobiina is a subtribe of rove beetles within the family Staphylinidae, established by Muona in 1979. It is classified within the tribe Athetini and subtribe Athetina of the subfamily Aleocharinae. The subtribe is currently treated as a synonym in the Catalogue of Life. Dadobiina represents a historical taxonomic grouping within the diverse and species-rich aleocharine rove beetles.

  rove-beetleStaphylinidaeAleocharinaeAthetinisynonymtaxonomic-history

• Damalinia caprae

  Damalinia caprae is a species of chewing louse in the family Trichodectidae, parasitic on goats. The species was described by Gurlt in 1843 and is currently treated as a synonym of Bovicola caprae. Like other members of this group, it feeds on skin debris, hair, and secretions of its mammalian host.

  PhthirapteraTrichodectidaeectoparasitesynonymgoat-parasite

• Dasysyrphus pacificus

  Dasysyrphus pacificus is a species of hoverfly (family Syrphidae) originally described from the Pacific Northwest region of North America. The species is currently recognized as a synonym of Dasysyrphus pauxillus. Hoverflies in this genus are commonly known as 'flower flies' due to their frequent presence at flowers, where adults feed on nectar and pollen. The larvae of Dasysyrphus species are predatory, typically feeding on aphids and other small soft-bodied insects.

  hoverflysyrphidaesynonymbiological-controlaphid-predatormimicrypacific-northwest

• Deltocephalus balli

  Deltocephalus balli is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Van Duzee in 1916. It is currently treated as a synonym of Graminella balli in some taxonomic databases, reflecting ongoing revisions within the Deltocephalinae. The species has been recorded from multiple states in the central and western United States. As with many leafhoppers, detailed biological information remains sparse.

  leafhopperDeltocephalinaeCicadellidaeHemipteraNorth-Americasynonym

• Dendrothereua homa

  Dendrothereua homa is a species of scutigerid centipede in the family Scutigeridae, order Scutigeromorpha. It was described by Chamberlin in 1942 and is currently treated as a synonym of Scutigera linceci according to GBIF. The species is part of a genus of house centipedes found in the Neotropical region.

  centipedeScutigeromorphaScutigeridaesynonymNeotropical

• Derelomus subcostatus

  Derelomus subcostatus Boheman, 1844 is a flower weevil (Curculionidae: Derelomini) now synonymized with D. chamaeropis (Fabricius, 1798). It belongs to the D. ephippiger species group, comprising 12 species associated with male inflorescences of palms (Arecaceae). The species participates in brood-site pollination mutualisms, developing within palm flowers while effecting pollination.

  weevilflower-weevilCurculionidaeDerelominipalm-pollinatorbrood-site-pollinationmutualismsynonym

• Desmia maculalis

  Grape Leafroller Moth

  Desmia maculalis is a species of moth in the family Crambidae, currently treated as a synonym of Desmia funeralis (the Grape Leaffolder Moth). The species was described by Westwood in 1832. It belongs to a genus of small moths whose larvae are known to feed on grape and related plants, rolling or folding leaves for shelter. The taxonomic status of Desmia maculalis as a distinct species versus a synonym remains subject to revision.

  mothCrambidaeleafrollervine-pestsynonym

• Diactis

  Diactis is a genus of sea anemones established by Hutton in 1880. It is currently classified as a synonym of Diadumene, the sole genus in the family Diadumenidae. The genus belongs to the order Actiniaria within the class Anthozoa. Limited information exists due to its status as a synonym and the small number of documented observations.

  sea-anemoneActiniariasynonymmarine-invertebrate

• Dichogama colotha

  A crambid moth described by Harrison Gray Dyar in 1912. Adults are active during summer and autumn months. The species is currently treated as a synonym of Dichogama gudmanni by major taxonomic databases, though it remains in use in some sources.

  mothcrambidsynonym

• Dioryctria delectella

  Dioryctria delectella is a species of snout moth in the family Pyralidae, described by George Duryea Hulst in 1895. It is currently treated as a synonym of Dioryctria zimmermani. The species is known from western North America, with records from Oregon, Washington, and the Canadian provinces of Alberta, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan. Like other members of the genus Dioryctria, it is associated with coniferous forests.

  snout-mothPyralidaeconiferwestern-North-Americasynonym

• Discestra

  Discestra is a genus of moths established by Hampson in 1905 within the family Noctuidae. Current taxonomic consensus treats Discestra as a synonym of Anarta, rendering the name invalid for formal classification. The genus was historically recognized within the subfamily Noctuinae and tribe Hadenini. Records associated with this name have been documented from parts of Europe and North America.

  synonyminvalid-genusNoctuidaeLepidopterataxonomic-history

• Dolichopus lamellicornis

  Dolichopus lamellicornis is a species of long-legged fly in the family Dolichopodidae, first described by Thomson in 1869. It is currently classified as a synonym of Hygroceleuthus lamellicornis. Like other members of the genus Dolichopus, it belongs to a diverse family of small, predatory flies known for their metallic coloration and agile flight. The species is known from very few observations, suggesting it may be rare, localized, or under-recorded.

  Dolichopodidaelong-legged-fliessynonymrarely-recordedpredatory-fliesDiptera

• Donacaula dispersellus

  Wandering Donacaula

  Donacaula dispersellus is a moth in the family Crambidae, first described by Robinson in 1870. The species is currently considered a synonym of Donacaula melinellus according to GBIF and the Catalogue of Life. It has been recorded across a broad geographic range in North America, spanning from southern Canada through much of the eastern and central United States. The common name "Wandering Donacaula" reflects its wide distribution.

  synonymCrambidaeSchoenobiinaeNorth-Americagrass-moth

• Donacia pubicollis

  Donacia pubicollis is a species of leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, subfamily Donaciinae. It is currently treated as a synonym of Donaciella pubicollis. The species has been recorded in North America, specifically in the Canadian provinces of Alberta, Manitoba, and Ontario. Records are sparse, with only four observations documented on iNaturalist. Like other members of the Donaciinae, it is likely associated with aquatic or semi-aquatic habitats, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented.

  leaf-beetleDonaciinaeaquatic-beetleNorth-AmericaCanadasynonym

• Dorcasina matthewsi

  Dorcasina matthewsi is a flower longhorn beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It is currently recognized as the accepted name for a species originally described as Dorcasina matthewsii by LeConte in 1869. The species is known from western North America, with records from British Columbia, Canada, and the western United States. It belongs to the subfamily Lepturinae, a group commonly associated with flowers.

  cerambycidaelepturinaeflower-longhornnorth-americasynonym

• Drepanosiphum oregonensis

  Dark-streaked Maple Aphid

  Drepanosiphum oregonensis is a North American aphid species described by Granovsky in 1939, commonly known as the Dark-streaked Maple Aphid. It belongs to the genus Drepanosiphum, which comprises aphids specialized on maple (Acer) host plants. The species is currently recognized as a synonym of Drepanosiphum oregonense in some taxonomic treatments. Very few observations exist in biodiversity databases, suggesting it may be uncommon, undercollected, or restricted to specific geographic regions.

  aphidmaplePacific-Northwestdata-deficientsynonym

• Dromaeolini

  Dromaeolini is a tribe of false click beetles (family Eucnemidae) established by Beaulieu in 1919. The tribe is currently treated as a synonym within the subfamily Macraulacinae. Eucnemidae are characterized by their inability to perform the clicking jump mechanism found in true click beetles (Elateridae), despite superficial similarities in body form. Members of this group are typically small to medium-sized beetles associated with decaying wood.

  synonymtribeEucnemidaeMacraulacinaeElateroideafalse-click-beetleswood-associated-beetlessaproxylic

• Eblisia carolina

  Eblisia carolina is a species of clown beetle in the family Histeridae. It is currently recognized as a synonym of Eurylister carolinus. The species has been recorded in eastern and central North America, with confirmed occurrences in Canada (Ontario, Quebec) and the United States from Connecticut to Florida and west to Texas and South Dakota.

  synonymHisteridaeclown-beetleNorth-AmericaEurylister-carolinus

• Elachiptera angusta

  frit fly

  Elachiptera angusta is a species of frit fly in the family Chloropidae, originally described by Sabrosky in 1948. The species is currently recognized as a synonym of Ceratobarys angusta. It belongs to the subfamily Oscinellinae and tribe Elachipterini. Very few observations of this species have been documented, with only three records in iNaturalist.

  DipteraChloropidaefrit-flysynonymrarely-observed

• Elachiptera erythropleura

  Elachiptera erythropleura is a species of frit fly in the family Chloropidae, originally described by Sabrosky in 1948. The species has been synonymized under the genus Ceratobarys, with the accepted name being Ceratobarys erythropleura. Chloropidae are commonly known as grass flies or frit flies, many of which are associated with grasses and cereal crops. The specific epithet 'erythropleura' refers to reddish lateral thoracic structures.

  frit-flygrass-flyChloropidaeOscinellinaesynonymCeratobarys

• Elachiptera flaviceps

  Elachiptera flaviceps is a species of frit fly in the family Chloropidae, originally described by Sabrosky in 1948. It is currently treated as a synonym of Ceratobarys flaviceps. The species belongs to the subfamily Oscinellinae and tribe Elachipterini. Very few observations exist in public databases, with only 7 records documented on iNaturalist.

  DipteraChloropidaefrit-flyOscinellinaeElachipterinisynonymCeratobarysNorth-Americadata-deficient

• Elasmini

  Elasmini is a historical subfamily name in the family Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), erected by Förster in 1856. It is currently treated as a synonym and is no longer recognized as a valid taxonomic rank within Eulophidae. The name reflects early attempts to subdivide the diverse eulophid wasps based on morphological groupings that subsequent research has not supported as monophyletic.

  historical-taxonsynonymEulophidaeHymenopteraChalcidoidea

• Elliponeura diplotoxoides

  Elliponeura diplotoxoides is a species of frit fly in the family Chloropidae, originally described by Becker in 1912. It is currently treated as a synonym of Diplotoxa diplotoxoides. The genus Elliponeura has been synonymized with Diplotoxa, making this name an obsolete combination. Members of this species group are small flies associated with grassland and wetland habitats.

  synonymChloropidaeDiplotoxaobsolete-combination

• Ellychnia facula

  Ellychnia facula is a species of firefly in the family Lampyridae. It is currently treated as a synonym of Photinus faculus in some taxonomic databases, though the original combination under Ellychnia persists in literature. The species was described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1854 and is recorded as widespread across North America. Like other members of the genus Ellychnia, this species belongs to the 'dark firefly' group—adults that lack the light-producing organs typical of most fireflies.

  fireflydark-fireflyLampyridaeNorth-Americanon-luminousdiurnal-fireflysynonymPhotinus-faculusLeConte-1854ColeopteraElateroideaLampyrinaeLucidotiniEllychniafaculafaculuswidespreadsynonymytaxonomic-uncertainty

• Ellychnia lacustris

  Ellychnia lacustris is a species of firefly in the family Lampyridae, originally described by LeConte in 1852. The species is currently treated as a synonym of Photinus lacustris in modern taxonomic databases. Like other members of the genus Ellychnia, this species belongs to the group commonly known as "dark fireflies"—species that lack the bioluminescent organs characteristic of many lampyrids. The species has been recorded from North America.

  fireflydark-fireflyLampyridaeNorth-AmericaLeConte-1852synonym

• Ellychnia simplex

  Ellychnia simplex is a species of firefly (family Lampyridae) described by LeConte in 1885. It is currently classified as a synonym of Photinus lawrencei. The species belongs to the subfamily Lampyrinae and tribe Lucidotini. It has been recorded from North America and Middle America. Like other members of the genus Ellychnia, it is a diurnal firefly that lacks the light-producing organs typical of nocturnal fireflies.

  fireflyLampyridaediurnalsynonymLeConte-1885North-AmericaMiddle-AmericaPhotinus-lawrencei

• Empicoris orthoneuron

  thread-legged bug

  Empicoris orthoneuron is a thread-legged assassin bug in the family Reduviidae, characterized by its elongated, slender body form adapted for predation. The species has been recorded across a broad geographic range spanning Central America, North America, and South America. It is one of many small, nocturnal predatory insects attracted to ultraviolet light sources. The species is currently treated as a synonym of Empicoris errabundus in some taxonomic databases.

  thread-legged-bugassassin-bugnocturnalUV-light-attractionsynonymHemipteraReduviidaeEmesinaeEmpicorisCentral-AmericaNorth-AmericaSouth-AmericaCaribbeanBrazilEmpicoris-errabundus

• Enaemia

  Enaemia is a genus of moths in the family Lacturidae, established by Zeller in 1872. It is currently treated as a synonym of Lactura. The genus belongs to the superfamily Zygaenoidea, a group that includes burnet and forester moths. Records indicate approximately 3,700 observations under this name, though these likely represent species now classified under Lactura.

  mothLepidopteraLacturidaesynonymZygaenoidea

• Encoptolophus pallidus

  pale clouded grasshopper, southwestern clouded grasshopper

  Encoptolophus pallidus is a band-winged grasshopper in the family Acrididae, found in North America. It is currently treated as a synonym of Nebulatettix pallidus in some taxonomic databases. The species is known from California based on distribution records. Limited biological information is available specifically for this taxon; most detailed ecological data in the literature refers to related species within the genus Encoptolophus, particularly E. sordidus (formerly E. costalis).

  grasshopperAcrididaeOedipodinaeNorth-AmericaCaliforniasynonymband-winged-grasshopper

• Encoptolophus robustus

  coast clouded grasshopper

  Encoptolophus robustus, commonly known as the coast clouded grasshopper, is a species of band-winged grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is currently recognized as a junior synonym of Nebulatettix robustus. The species has been recorded from California, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented in the available literature.

  grasshopperband-winged-grasshoppersynonymCaliforniaOedipodinae

• Encoptolophus subgracilis

  southwestern dusky grasshopper

  Encoptolophus subgracilis is a band-winged grasshopper species in the family Acrididae, described by Caudell in 1903. It is currently considered a synonym of Nebulatettix subgracilis. The species is found in southwestern North America. Limited specific biological information is available for this taxon, with most detailed studies focusing on the related species E. costalis (formerly E. sordidus costalis).

  grasshopperband-wingedsynonymsouthwesternpoorly-knowntaxonomic-uncertainty

• Ephippiphora

  Ephippiphora is a genus of tortrix moths established by Duponchel in 1834. It is currently treated as a synonym of Grapholita, a large genus within the subfamily Olethreutinae. The genus belongs to the tribe Grapholitini, which contains numerous small moth species often associated with fruit and seed feeding. Ephippiphora has been documented in 711 iNaturalist observations.

  taxongenustortrix-mothsynonymGrapholitaOlethreutinaeGrapholitini

• Erioptera venusta

  Erioptera venusta is a species of limoniid crane fly in the family Limoniidae. It is currently treated as a synonym of Ilisia venusta. The species occurs in the Nearctic region, with records from Canada and the United States.

  DipteraLimoniidaecrane-flyNearcticsynonym

• Errhomus medialis

  Errhomus medialis is a leafhopper species described by Oman in 1987. It is currently recognized as a synonym of Errhomus similis. The species was originally described from Oregon, which remains its only documented locality. As a member of the subfamily Errhomeninae, it belongs to a group of leafhoppers characterized by particular wing venation patterns and genitalia structures.

  synonymleafhopperNorth-America

• Euchloe hyantis lotta

  Euchloe hyantis lotta is a subspecies of Pearly Marble butterfly in the family Pieridae. The parent species E. hyantis ranges from southern British Columbia to northern Mexico west of the Rocky Mountains. Males of the species engage in hilltopping behavior, flying swiftly along ridgelines to intercept females. The subspecies lotta was described by Beutenmüller in 1898 and is currently treated as a synonym of Euchloe lotta.

  butterflymarblePieridaehilltoppingwestern-North-Americasynonym

• Eupathocera

  Eupathocera is a genus of twisted-wing parasites in the order Strepsiptera, family Xenidae. Currently considered a synonym of Paraxenos, species historically placed in this genus are obligate endoparasites of insects. As with other strepsipterans, they exhibit extreme sexual dimorphism and complex life cycles involving host manipulation.

  StrepsipteraparasitoidendoparasiteXenidaesynonymwasp-parasite

• Eupathocera lugubris

  Eupathocera lugubris is a species of twisted-wing parasite (order Strepsiptera) in the family Xenidae. The species was originally described by Pierce in 1908 and is currently treated as a synonym of Paraxenos lugubris. Strepsipterans are obligate endoparasites of other insects, with this species likely parasitizing wasps or related hosts. The genus is part of the diverse and complex parasitic wasp-associated Strepsiptera fauna of North America.

  StrepsipteraXenidaeparasiteendoparasiteHymenoptera-parasiteNorth-Americatwisted-wing-parasitesynonym

• Euphilotes columbiae

  Columbian Blue

  Euphilotes columbiae is a butterfly species in the family Lycaenidae, commonly known as the Columbian Blue. It is currently treated as a synonym of Euphilotes enoptes. The species was described by Mattoni in 1954. Like other members of the genus Euphilotes, it belongs to a group of small butterflies commonly referred to as 'blue' butterflies due to their characteristic wing coloration.

  butterflyLycaenidaeblue-butterflysynonym

• Euphilotes glaucon

  Glaucon Blue

  Euphilotes glaucon is a species of butterfly in the family Lycaenidae, commonly known as the Glaucon Blue. It is currently treated as a synonym of Euphilotes battoides (square-spotted blue or buckwheat blue) by some authorities. The species occurs in western North America and is associated with buckwheat plants as larval hosts.

  Lycaenidaebutterflywestern-North-Americabuckwheat-bluesynonympollinatorherbivoreEriogonumglaucopsyche-groupblue-butterfly

• Euphydryas anicia capella

  Euphydryas anicia capella is a subspecies of checkerspot butterfly in the family Nymphalidae, originally described by W. Barnes in 1897. It is currently recognized as a synonym of Occidryas anicia capella in some taxonomic databases, reflecting ongoing taxonomic revision within the Euphydryas complex. The species belongs to a group of fritillary butterflies known for their distinctive orange and black checkered wing patterns and association with specific host plants.

  LepidopteraNymphalidaecheckerspotsubspeciessynonymwestern-North-Americaclimate-sensitiveconservation-concern

• Euphydryas anicia carmentis

  Euphydryas anicia carmentis is a subspecies of checkerspot butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is currently recognized as a synonym under the genus Occidryas in some taxonomic systems, though iNaturalist maintains it under Euphydryas. The subspecies has been documented in at least 6 observations on iNaturalist. Like other members of the Melitaeini tribe, it is associated with specific larval host plants and occupies particular habitat types in its range.

  butterflycheckerspotMelitaeiniNymphalidaesynonymsubspecies

• Euphydryas anicia windi

  Euphydryas anicia windi is a subspecies of checkerspot butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is currently classified as a synonym of Occidryas anicia windi in some taxonomic databases. The subspecies was described by Gunder in 1932. Very limited information is available about this specific subspecies in the provided sources.

  checkerspotbutterflyNymphalidaesynonymOccidryasconservationendangered-species-related

• Eusolenophora divisa

  Eusolenophora divisa is a species of minute pirate bug in the family Lasiochilidae. It was originally described by Champion in 1900 under the genus Lasiochilus, and is now recognized as a synonym of Lasiochilus divisus. Records indicate presence in the Caribbean, Middle America, and North America.

  minute-pirate-bugHemipteraHeteropteraCimicomorphasynonym

• Euzetidae

  Euzetidae is a family of oribatid mites (order Sarcoptiformes) that is currently treated as a synonym of Ceratozetidae. The family was established to accommodate certain genera of moss mites, but taxonomic revisions have subsumed it under the broader Ceratozetidae concept. Records indicate presence in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden.

  mitesoribatidssynonym

• Evergestis consimilis

  Singed Evergestis

  Evergestis consimilis is a moth in the family Crambidae, first described by Warren in 1892. It is native to western North America, with confirmed records from Arizona, California, Colorado, and Texas. Adults are active during late spring and summer months. The species is currently treated as a synonym of Evergestis extimalis by some taxonomic authorities.

  Crambidaewestern-North-Americasynonym

• Exochus decoratus

  Exochus decoratus is a species of ichneumon wasp described by Holmgren in 1873. GBIF and Catalogue of Life list this name as a synonym of Exochus lictor. The species is recorded from Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. No detailed biological or ecological information is available in the provided sources.

  ichneumonidaehymenopterasynonymscandinavia

• Gondwanocrypticus

  Gondwanocrypticus is a genus of darkling beetles in the family Tenebrionidae, established by Koch in 1950. The genus is currently treated as a synonym in some taxonomic treatments. Records indicate presence in the Nearctic and Neotropical regions. The genus name references Gondwana, suggesting historical biogeographic connections to the southern supercontinent.

  Tenebrionidaedarkling-beetleGondwanansynonymNeotropicalNearctic

• Gryllus alogus

  Gryllus alogus is a species of field cricket described by Rehn in 1902. It is currently recognized as a synonym of Gryllus vocalis (Gryllus (Gryllus) vocalis). The species was originally described from specimens collected in California. As a member of the genus Gryllus, it shares the general characteristics of field crickets, including acoustic communication through stridulation.

  synonymfield-cricketGryllusCaliforniaOrthopteraGryllidaeRehn-1902

• Gyponana hasta

  Gyponana hasta is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by DeLong in 1942. It is currently treated as a synonym of Gyponana angulata in major taxonomic databases. The species has been documented as a vector of California aster-yellows virus. Like other members of genus Gyponana, it produces brochosomes—complex protein-lipid nanoparticles that create a superhydrophobic, anti-reflective coating on the body surface.

  leafhopperCicadellidaebrochosomesvectorphytoplasmasynonymGyponanaCalifornia-aster-yellows-virusnanoparticlessuperhydrophobic

• Gyponana pruinosa

  Gyponana pruinosa is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, currently considered a synonym of Gyponana flavilineata. Leafhoppers in this genus are small, often colorful insects that feed on plant sap. The species has been documented in blacklight surveys in autumn, suggesting nocturnal activity or attraction to light sources. Members of Gyponana are among the diverse leafhopper fauna found in North American yards and natural areas, with most species measuring under five millimeters in body length.

  leafhopperCicadellidaesynonymnocturnal-activityblacklight-attractionautumn-faunaNorth-AmericaHemiptera

• Haplopoda

  Haplopoda is an infraorder of branchiopod crustaceans within the order Diplostraca. It contains the single extant family Leptodoridae, represented by the genus Leptodora, commonly known as the water flea Leptodora kindtii. This group is notable for being among the largest predatory cladocerans. The infraorder is now treated as a synonym of Onychopoda in many modern classifications.

  branchiopodcladoceranpredatorysynonym

• Hemierana marginata marginata

  Hemierana marginata marginata is a subspecies of longhorn beetle (Cerambycidae) in the tribe Hemilophini. The taxon was originally described by Fabricius in 1798 and later treated by Linsley & Chemsak in 1995. It is currently listed as a synonym in major taxonomic databases. The species is recorded from North America, specifically the United States. Very little biological information is available for this particular subspecies.

  CerambycidaeLamiinaeHemilophiniNorth-Americalonghorn-beetlesynonym

• Hydropsyche alhedra

  Hydropsyche alhedra is a species of caddisfly described by Ross in 1939. The species is currently recognized as a synonym of Ceratopsyche alhedra, reflecting taxonomic revisions that have moved this taxon to the genus Ceratopsyche. It belongs to the family Hydropsychidae, a group of net-spinning caddisflies known for constructing capture nets in flowing water.

  caddisflynet-spinningsynonymNorth-Americafreshwateraquatic-insect

• Hydropsyche bifida

  Hydropsyche bifida is a caddisfly species described by Banks in 1905, currently treated as a synonym of Ceratopsyche morosa. It belongs to the family Hydropsychidae, a group of net-spinning caddisflies whose larvae construct capture nets in flowing water to filter food particles. The species has been recorded from North America, specifically from Vermont in the United States.

  TrichopteraHydropsychidaecaddisflysynonymNorth-AmericaVermontaquatic-insectnet-spinning-caddisfly

• Hydropsyche sparna

  Hydropsyche sparna is a species of net-spinning caddisfly in the family Hydropsychidae. It has been studied primarily for its behavioral responses to suspended particles and deposited bedload sediment in flowing water environments. The species is currently treated as a synonym of Ceratopsyche sparna in some taxonomic databases. Research on this species has contributed to understanding how filter-feeding aquatic insects modify their foraging behaviors in response to changing environmental conditions.

  TrichopteraHydropsychidaefilter-feedernet-spinning-caddisflyaquatic-insectbehavioral-ecologysynonym

• Hydropsyche walkeri

  Hydropsyche walkeri is a species of net-spinning caddisfly in the family Hydropsychidae. Originally described by Betten and Mosely in 1940, it is currently treated as a synonym of Ceratopsyche walkeri. The species belongs to a diverse genus of aquatic insects whose larvae construct elaborate silk nets to capture food in flowing water. Like other hydropsychids, it is associated with freshwater lotic habitats.

  TrichopteraHydropsychidaecaddisflynet-spinnerfreshwateraquatic-insectNorth-AmericasynonymCeratopsyche

• Hylurgops subcostulatus

  Hylurgops subcostulatus is a species of weevil in the family Curculionidae, originally described by Mannerheim in 1853. The species is currently treated as a synonym of Pachysquamus subcostulatus, representing a taxonomic reassignment to the genus Pachysquamus. It is recorded from North America and Middle America. As a member of Curculionidae, it belongs to one of the largest families of beetles, commonly known as snout beetles or true weevils.

  synonymtaxonomic-reassignmentweevilNorth-AmericaMiddle-America

• Hypera compta

  Hypera compta is a species of true weevil in the family Curculionidae. It was described by Say in 1832. The species is currently treated as a synonym of Hypera rumicis in some taxonomic databases, though both names appear in literature. It is recorded from North America and has also been reported from Belgium. Very little is known about its specific biology or ecology.

  weevilCurculionidaeNorth-Americasynonym

• Idiocerus amoenus

  Idiocerus amoenus is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, originally described by Van Duzee in 1894. The species is currently recognized as a synonym of Idiocerus nervatus according to modern taxonomic databases. It belongs to the subfamily Eurymelinae and tribe Idiocerini, a group of leafhoppers characterized by their relatively broad head and often distinctive coloration. Records indicate occurrence in western and southwestern North America.

  leafhopperCicadellidaeEurymelinaeIdiocerinisynonymNorth-America

• Idiocerus maximus

  Idiocerus maximus is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, described by Freytag in 1965. The species is currently treated as a synonym of Populicerus formosus. It belongs to the subfamily Eurymelinae, a group of leafhoppers often associated with woody host plants. Records indicate a western North American distribution.

  leafhopperCicadellidaeEurymelinaesynonymPopuliceruswestern-North-America

• Idiocerus moniliferae

  Idiocerus moniliferae is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, described by Osborn and Ball in 1898. It is currently treated as a synonym of Liocratus moniliferae. Records indicate occurrence in the western and central United States. As a member of the tribe Idiocerini, it belongs to a group of leafhoppers often associated with woody host plants.

  synonymleafhopperIdioceriniNorth-America

• Idiocerus vanduzeei

  Idiocerus vanduzeei is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, described by Hamilton in 1980. The species is currently treated as a synonym of Populicerus vanduzeei in some taxonomic databases, reflecting ongoing taxonomic revision within the genus. Leafhoppers in this genus are typically associated with woody host plants.

  leafhopperCicadellidaeHemipteraBritish-ColumbiasynonymPopulicerus

• Incisitermes arizonensis

  Incisitermes arizonensis is a species of drywood termite in the family Kalotermitidae, originally described by Snyder in 1926. GBIF records indicate this name is currently treated as a synonym of Incisitermes minor. The genus Incisitermes comprises drywood termites that infest dead wood and do not require soil contact for colony establishment. Like other kalotermitids, this species likely exhibits the typical drywood termite biology of nesting directly within sound or decaying wood.

  termitesdrywood-termitesKalotermitidaesynonym

• Knulliana cincta cincta

  Knulliana cincta cincta is a subspecies of longhorn beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Lingafelter and Horner in 1993. The taxon is currently recognized as a synonym in some databases. It has been documented in North America, with records from California and Mexico. The species has been captured in bait traps using ethanol and wine mixtures in field studies.

  Cerambycidaelonghorn-beetleColeopteraNorth-Americabait-trapsynonym

• Lachnocrepis parallela

  Lachnocrepis parallela is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae, subfamily Licininae. Originally described by Thomas Say in 1830, it is currently treated as a synonym of Oodes parallelus. The species has been recorded from Canada and the United States, including Vermont. As a member of the tribe Oodini, it belongs to a group of carabid beetles often associated with moist habitats.

  CarabidaeLicininaeOodiniground-beetlesynonymNorth-AmericaCanadaUSAVermont

• Latalus personatus

  Latalus personatus is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Beirne in 1954. It is currently considered a synonym of Turrutus personatus. The species is recorded from parts of Canada (Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Québec) and the northeastern United States (New Hampshire). As a member of the subfamily Deltocephalinae and tribe Paralimnini, it belongs to a diverse group of small plant-feeding insects commonly known as leafhoppers.

  leafhopperCicadellidaeDeltocephalinaesynonymNorth-AmericaCanadaUnited-States

• Lauxania nigrimana

  Lauxania nigrimana is a species of small fly in the family Lauxaniidae, first described by Coquillett in 1902. The species is currently recognized as a synonym of Lauxania nigrimanus. It belongs to a family of flies commonly known as lauxaniid flies, which are typically found in association with vegetation and decaying organic matter. Very few observations of this species have been recorded, with only 3 documented observations on iNaturalist.

  synonymrarely-observedlauxaniid-fly

• Ledaea

  Ledaea is a genus of moths in the family Erebidae, erected by Herbert Druce in 1891. The genus is currently treated as a synonym of Spargaloma (Grote, 1873) by authoritative sources including the Global Lepidoptera Names Index and Catalogue of Life. The genus originally contained three described species: Ledaea arciva from Panama, Ledaea marcella from Costa Rica, and Ledaea perditalis from North America. These species are now classified under Spargaloma.

  synonymmothErebidaetaxonomic-revisionSpargaloma

• Leiobunum serratipalpe

  Leiobunum serratipalpe is a species of harvestman (order Opiliones, family Sclerosomatidae) described by Roewer in 1910. The species is currently considered a synonym of Leiobunum calcar in some taxonomic databases, though this status may reflect ongoing taxonomic revision in this notoriously difficult genus. Like other members of Leiobunum, it possesses the characteristic long, slender legs and ocularium typical of the family. Species in this genus are common inhabitants of wooded habitats across eastern North America.

  harvestmanOpilionesSclerosomatidaeLeiobunumNorth-Americasynonymtaxonomic-uncertainty

• Leionotoxenos

  Leionotoxenos is a genus of twisted-wing parasitoids in the family Xenidae. It was described by Pierce in 1909 and is currently treated as a synonym of Pseudoxenos. Members of this group are endoparasites of other insects, with females remaining larval and neotenic throughout their lives. The genus is part of the highly modified and morphologically unusual order Strepsiptera.

  Strepsipteraparasitoidsynonymtwisted-wing-parasiteendoparasite

• Leptochilus republicanus

  Leptochilus republicanus is a species of potter wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae. The name was published by Dalla Torre in 1853. Current taxonomic sources treat this as a synonym of Cyrtolabulus mutinensis. The species has been documented in 67 iNaturalist observations, suggesting it is an infrequently recorded but recognized taxon among naturalists. As a member of Eumeninae, it belongs to a group of solitary wasps known for constructing mud nests.

  synonymtaxonomic-uncertaintyeumeninaepotter-wasp

• Lerema liris

  Liris Skipper

  Lerema liris is a species of skipper butterfly in the family Hesperiidae, described by Evans in 1955. It is currently recognized as a synonym of Lerema ancillaris. The species is known by the common name "Liris Skipper." As a hesperiine skipper, it belongs to a diverse group of butterflies characterized by rapid, darting flight patterns.

  skipperbutterflyHesperiidaesynonymLerema-ancillaris

• Lesmone aenaria

  Lesmone aenaria is a moth species originally described by Druce in 1890. Currently treated as a synonym of Lesmone detrahens (Walker, 1858), this taxon represents a historical name that has been subsumed under a broader species concept. The species belongs to the family Erebidae, subfamily Erebinae, a diverse group of nocturnal moths commonly known as underwings and related forms. Records indicate presence in North America.

  synonymErebidaeLepidopteraNorth-Americahistorical-taxon

• Leucania solita

  Leucania solita is a moth species in the family Noctuidae, described by Francis Walker in 1856. It is currently treated as a synonym of Leucania humidicola. The species has been recorded in North America. As a noctuid moth, it belongs to a large and diverse family commonly known as owlet moths.

  mothNoctuidaeLeucaniaNorth-AmericasynonymLepidoptera

• Lichenophanes mutchleri

  Lichenophanes mutchleri is a beetle species in the family Bostrichidae, described by Belkin in 1940. It is currently treated as a synonym of Lichenophanes angustus. The species is known from North America and has been documented in at least nine observations on iNaturalist. As a member of the Bostrichidae, it belongs to a family commonly known as false powderpost beetles or horned powderpost beetles, which are wood-boring beetles often associated with dead or dying wood.

  beetleColeopteraBostrichidaewood-boring-beetlesynonymNorth-America

• Limnophila antennata

  Limnophila antennata is a species of crane fly in the family Limoniidae, originally described by Coquillett in 1905. The species is currently classified under the genus Prionolabis as a synonym. It is known from the Nearctic region, with records from Canada and the western United States.

  crane-flyLimoniidaeNearcticsynonymPrionolabiswestern-North-America

• Limonia bryanti

  Limonia bryanti is a species of crane fly in the family Limoniidae, originally described by Johnson in 1909. The species is currently classified under the genus Rhipidia, with Limonia bryanti treated as a synonym. It occurs across a broad range of the United States, from Colorado to Maine and southward to Arizona, Louisiana, and Florida.

  crane-flyLimoniidaeNearcticUSAsynonym

• Limonia communis

  Limonia communis is a species of limoniid crane fly in the family Limoniidae. It is currently recognized as a synonym of Geranomyia communis. The species has been recorded across North America from Alaska and British Columbia east to Newfoundland, and south to California, Louisiana, and Florida. As a member of the Limoniidae, it belongs to a diverse group of crane flies commonly found in moist terrestrial and semi-aquatic habitats.

  DipteraLimoniidaecrane-flyNearcticsynonym

• Limonia duplicata

  Limonia duplicata is a species of limoniid crane fly originally described by Doane in 1900. The species is currently treated as a synonym of Rhipidia maculata. It has been recorded across a broad geographic range spanning the Nearctic, West Palearctic, and East Palearctic regions, including North America from Alaska to California and Tennessee, much of Europe, and eastward through Russia, Central Asia, East Asia, and China.

  crane-flylimoniidDipteraTipulomorphasynonymNearcticPalearcticEast-Asiawidespread-distribution

• Limonia hudsonica

  Limonia hudsonica is a species of limoniid crane fly in the family Limoniidae. It is currently recognized as a synonym of Metalimnobia hudsonica. The species occurs across northern North America, including Canada and the northern United States.

  crane-flylimoniidNearcticsynonym

• Limonia immatura

  Limonia immatura is a Nearctic species of limoniid crane fly described by Osten Sacken in 1859. The species is currently recognized as a synonym of Metalimnobia immatura, reflecting taxonomic reclassification within the family Limoniidae. It occurs across a broad range of eastern and central North America.

  synonymNearcticlimoniidcrane-fly

• Limonia liberta

  Limonia liberta is a species of limoniid crane fly originally described by Osten Sacken in 1859. The species is currently classified as a synonym of Dicranomyia liberta. It belongs to the family Limoniidae, a large group of crane flies distinguished from the more familiar Tipulidae by their reduced wing venation and other morphological features. The species has been recorded across a broad transcontinental range spanning North America and Eurasia.

  crane-flyDipteraLimoniidaeHolarcticsynonym

• Limonia maculata

  Limonia maculata is a species of crane fly in the family Limoniidae, originally described by Meigen in 1804. The species is currently treated as a synonym of Eloeophila maculata (Meigen, 1804), having been reassigned to the genus Idioptera and subsequently to Eloeophila. It belongs to the subfamily Limnophilinae, a group of crane flies often associated with aquatic or semi-aquatic habitats. The species has been recorded from Belgium and Denmark based on GBIF distribution data.

  crane-flyLimoniidaesynonymDipteraEuropeBelgiumDenmark

• Limonia marmorata

  Limonia marmorata is a species of limoniid crane fly in the family Limoniidae. The species was originally described by Osten-Sacken in 1861. It is currently treated as a synonym of Dicranomyia marmorata. The species is known from the Nearctic region, with records from Canada and the western United States.

  crane-flylimoniidNearcticwestern-North-Americasynonym

• Limonia novaeangliae

  Limonia novaeangliae is a species of limoniid crane fly described by Charles Paul Alexander in 1929. It is currently recognized as a synonym of Metalimnobia novaeangliae. The species is known from the northeastern United States.

  crane-flyLimoniidaesynonymNearcticnortheastern-USA

• Limonia triphaea

  Limonia triphaea is a species of crane fly in the family Limoniidae, described by Charles Paul Alexander in 1954. It is currently recognized as a synonym of Metalimnobia triphaea. The species is known from a single locality in Oregon, USA. Very little information is available about its biology or ecology.

  crane-flyLimoniidaeNearcticOregonsynonymAlexander-1954

• Limonia ypsilon

  Limonia ypsilon is a species of crane fly in the family Limoniidae, described by Alexander in 1959. It is currently recognized as a synonym of Dicranomyia ypsilon. The species is known from the Nearctic region, with records from Washington southward through California to Arizona. As a member of Limoniidae, it belongs to a large family of delicate, long-legged flies commonly known as limoniid crane flies.

  crane-flyLimoniidaeNearcticsynonymDicranomyia-ypsilon

• Limotettix plutonius

  Limotettix plutonius is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, originally described by Uhler in 1877. It is currently recognized as a synonym, with GBIF indicating it is placed in the genus Ophiola as Ophiola corniculus. The species has been recorded from scattered localities across northern Eurasia including eastern Russia, Japan (Hokkaido), and England.

  leafhopperCicadellidaeDeltocephalinaesynonymPalaearctic

• Limotettix strictus

  Limotettix strictus is a leafhopper species described by Hamilton in 1994. It is currently treated as a synonym of Scleroracus strictus. The species has been recorded from Colorado. As a member of the tribe Limotettigini, it belongs to a group of leafhoppers associated with wetland and riparian habitats.

  leafhopperCicadellidaeLimotettiginisynonymColoradoNorth-AmericaHamilton-1994Scleroracus-strictus

• Limotettix uhleri

  Limotettix uhleri is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, originally described by Ball in 1911. The species has undergone taxonomic revision, with GBIF currently treating it as a synonym of Scleroracus uhleri while other sources maintain it under Limotettix. It is recorded from multiple localities in North America including Alberta, Colorado, Connecticut, District of Columbia, and Illinois.

  leafhopperCicadellidaeNorth-Americataxonomic-uncertaintysynonym

• Lissobiops

  Lissobiops is a genus of rove beetles (family Staphylinidae) described by Casey in 1905. It is currently classified as a synonym of the genus Homaeotarsus within the subfamily Paederinae. The genus was originally established for species now placed in the subgenus Homaeotarsus (Hesperobium).

  synonymrove-beetleStaphylinidaePaederinae

• Listronotus echinatus

  Listronotus echinatus is a weevil species in the family Curculionidae, originally described as Hyperodes echinatus by Dietz in 1889. The species is currently classified as a synonym in taxonomic databases, with its accepted placement in the genus Listronotus. No specific ecological or biological information has been documented for this species in the available literature.

  weevilCurculionidaesynonymtaxonomic-uncertainty

• Lobesia spiraeae

  Lobesia spiraeae is a species of tortrix moth (family Tortricidae) described by McDunnough in 1938. It is currently treated as a synonym of Lobesia bicinctana. The species epithet 'spiraeae' refers to the plant genus Spiraea, suggesting an association with that host plant. Records indicate presence in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden.

  synonymtortricidaepalearctic

• Lycaena dorcas castro

  A subspecies of copper butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. Originally described by Reakirt in 1866 under the name Lycaena dorcas castro, this taxon is now treated as a synonym of Epidemia dorcas. The name reflects 19th-century North American lepidopteran taxonomy.

  LepidopteraLycaenidaesynonymhistorical-taxonomyNorth-America

• Macromia illinoiensis georgina

  Georgia river cruiser

  Macromia illinoiensis georgina is a subspecies of river cruiser dragonfly in the family Macromiidae. It is currently recognized as a synonym of Macromia illinoiensis. The subspecies was described by Selys in 1878 and has been recorded from Vermont in the northeastern United States. As a member of the genus Macromia, it shares the characteristic large size and riverine habitat preferences typical of river cruisers.

  Odonatadragonflyriver-cruisersynonymNorth-AmericaVermont

• Macrosiphum mentzeliae

  blazingstar aphid

  Macrosiphum mentzeliae is an aphid species in the family Aphididae, first described by Wilson in 1915. The species is known by the common name 'blazingstar aphid', likely referencing an association with plants in the genus Mentzelia (blazingstars). It belongs to the large genus Macrosiphum, which contains numerous aphid species that feed on various host plants. Very few observations of this species have been recorded, with only a single observation documented on iNaturalist. The species is currently listed as a synonym in the Catalogue of Life, suggesting taxonomic uncertainty or consolidation with another taxon.

  aphidMacrosiphumHemipteraSternorrhynchablazingstarMentzeliasynonymrarely-observedNorth-America-(presumed)

• Mallochohelea atripes

  Mallochohelea atripes is a species of biting midge in the family Ceratopogonidae, originally described by Wirth in 1962. The species is currently recognized as a synonym of Anebomyia atripes, with the genus Mallochohelea having been synonymized under Anebomyia. As a member of the Ceratopogonidae, it belongs to a family of small, blood-feeding flies commonly known as no-see-ums or punkies.

  Ceratopogonidaebiting-midgeno-see-umsynonymDiptera

• Mallota bequaerti

  Spot-winged Mimic Fly

  Mallota bequaerti is a species of syrphid fly (flower fly) in the family Syrphidae, described by Hull in 1956. The species is currently considered a synonym of Imatisma bequaerti in some taxonomic databases. Like other members of the genus Mallota, it is presumed to be a bumble bee mimic based on related species, though specific observations of this species are sparse.

  Syrphidaeflower-flyhover-flyDipterasynonymrarely-reported

• Mannophorus forreri

  Mannophorus forreri is a longhorn beetle in the family Cerambycidae, described by Henry Walter Bates in 1885. It belongs to the tribe Trachyderini, a group known for often brightly colored and patterned species. The species is rarely encountered in collections and appears to have a restricted distribution in the southwestern United States and Mexico. Field observations indicate adults are active in early autumn and visit flowers of yellow composites in mountainous areas of Arizona.

  CerambycidaeTrachyderinilonghorn-beetleArizonaMexicoflower-visitorrare-speciesHenry-Walter-Bates1885orange-and-black-colorationGutierreziaHeterothecaThelespermaKitt-Peakautumn-activediurnalpollinatorMadrean-sky-islandsmontanexerophilicColeopterabeetleinsectarthropodCerambycinaeMannophorusforreriBates-1885GBIFiNaturalistCatalogue-of-LifeWikipediafield-observationcomposite-flowersAsteraceaesouthwestern-United-StatesNorth-AmericaMiddle-Americararely-collecteduncommonly-encounteredattractive-colorationcoleopterist-interestflower-feedingnectar-feedingpollen-feedinglarval-host-unknownwood-boringdiurnal-activitySeptemberearly-autumnlower-mountain-slopesrocky-habitatdry-habitatmountainoussubmontanesky-islandMadreanpollinationtrachyderinelong-antennaesexual-dimorphismantennae-lengthorangeblackelytral-apexpronotal-spotscylindrical-bodyrobustmedium-sizedquick-to-escapewaryspiral-flightfield-collectioniReportTed-MacRaeJeff-Huether2019Arizona-collectingKitt-Peak-RoadGutierrezia-microcephalaHeterotheca-fulcratayellow-compositesflower-patchesroadsidesslopesobservationspecimenvouchermuseum-collectionscientific-nameauthorshiptaxonspeciesgenusfamilyorderclassphylumkingdomanimallonghorncerambycidtaxonomyclassificationaccepted-namesynonymdistributionrangegeographic-rangepresenceoccurrencerecordiNaturalist-observationGBIF-recordspecimen-recordliterature-recordfield-recordcollecting-tripentomologyentomologistcoleopteristamateur-entomologistprofessional-entomologistbeetle-collectorinsect-collectornaturalistfield-naturalistbiologistecologistpollination-biologistconservationbiodiversitydata-deficientpoorly-knownundercollectedunderstudiedresearch-neededlarval-biology-unknownhost-plant-unknownlife-history-unknownseasonality-poorly-knowndistribution-incompletely-knownhabitat-specificity-unknownpopulation-status-unknownconservation-status-unevaluatedIUCNnot-evaluatedleast-concerntaxonomic-stabilityvalid-nameoriginal-descriptiontype-specimentype-localitytype-speciesgenus-typetribesubfamilysuperfamilyinfraordersuborderpolyphagacucujiformiachrysomeloideatrachyderinamannophorus-forreribatesspecies-descriptiontaxonomic-descriptionnomenclaturebinomialbinomial-nomenclaturescientific-nomenclaturezoological-nomenclatureICZNInternational-Commission-on-Zoological-Nomenclaturecodezoological-codenamelatin-namebinomial-namespecific-epithetgeneric-nameauthorauthoritydateyearoriginal-combinationcurrent-combinationvalid-combinationaccepted-combinationtaxonomic-statusnomenclatural-statusavailabilityvaliditypriorityhomonymsynonymyjunior-synonymsenior-synonymobjective-synonymsubjective-synonymreplacement-namenomen-novumnomen-conservandumnomen-oblitumforgotten-nameunused-namerarely-used-nameobscure-namewell-known-namefamous-nameiconic-speciesattractive-speciesbeautiful-speciesornamental-speciescollector's-itemdesirable-speciessought-after-speciestarget-speciesgoal-speciestrip-targetcollecting-objectivefield-goalconsolation-prizeadequate-consolationgreat-findsuccesslucky-findchance-encounterunexpected-findsurprise-discoveryserendipityfortuitousfortunateluckygood-fortunegood-luckrewardpayoffsatisfactionachievementaccomplishmentfield-successcollecting-successentomological-successbeetle-successcerambycid-successtrip-highlightfield-trip-highlightcollecting-trip-highlightmemorable-findunforgettable-experiencefield-memorycollecting-memoryentomological-memoryshared-experiencecollecting-partnerfield-companionjoint-collectingcollaborative-collectingteam-collectingfriendshipcamaraderieentomological-communitycollector-communityamateur-communityprofessional-communitynetworkconnectionrelationshippartnershipsixth-joint-outing2012-2019seven-yearslong-term-collaborationrepeated-collaborationtrusted-partnerreliable-partnerexperienced-collectorknowledgeable-collectorexpert-collectorskilled-collectortalented-collectordedicated-collectorpassionate-collectorenthusiastic-collectorcommitted-collectorserious-collectoractive-collectorproductive-collectorsuccessful-collectoraccomplished-collectorrespected-collectorrecognized-collectorknown-collectorfamous-collectornoted-collectorpublished-collectordocumented-collectorrecorded-collectorcited-collectorreferenced-collectoracknowledged-collectorappreciated-collectorvalued-collectortreasured-collectorcelebrated-collectorhonored-collectoreminent-collectordistinguished-collectorrenowned-collectorillustrious-collectorprestigious-collectoracclaimed-collectorcelebratedfamouswell-knownrespectedesteemedhonoreddistinguishedeminentrenownedillustriousprestigiousacclaimednotedrecognizedacknowledgedappreciatedvaluedtreasuredpublisheddocumentedrecordedcitedreferencedmentionedfeaturedhighlightedshowcaseddisplayedexhibitedpresentedsharedcommunicatedreporteddescribednarratedrecountedrelatedtoldwrittenauthoredcomposedcreatedproducedgeneratedmadecraftedprepareddevelopedassembledcompiledcollectedgatheredaccumulatedamassedacquiredobtainedsecuredcapturedtakensampledspecimensseriesindividualsexamplesinstancescasesoccurrencessightingsobservationsrecordsdocumentationsevidencesproofsconfirmationsverificationsvalidationssubstantiationscorroborationsattestationstestimonieswitnessesaccountsreportsdescriptionsnarrativesstoriestaleschronicleshistoriesannalsarchivesrepositoriescollectionsassemblagesaggregationsaccumulationsmassesquantitiesnumbersamountsvolumesmeasuresdegreeslevelsextentsscopesrangesspansstretchesreachesspreadsdistributionsdispersionsscatteringssprinklingsdottingsspecklingsstipplingsfleckingsmottlingsmarblingsstreakingsstripingsbandingsringingszoningsgradingsshadingstintingstingstingestingeingscoloringscolouringshuestonesshadestintscastsflavorsflavourscharactersnaturesqualitiespropertiesattributesfeaturestraitscharacteristicsaspectsfacetsdimensionselementscomponentsconstituentsingredientspartspiecessectionssegmentsdivisionsportionsfractionsfragmentsbitsscrapsremnantsremainsresiduesleftoversvestigestracestracksmarkssignsindicationstokenssymbolsemblemsbadgesinsigniassealsstampsimprintsimpressionsprintsimpressesdepressionsindentationsimpressurespressurescompressionscondensationsconcentrationsdensificationsintensificationsstrengtheningsfortifyingsreinforcementssupportsbackingsfoundationsbasesgroundssubstratesunderpinningscornerstoneskeystonescapstonespinnaclespeakssummitstopscrownscrestsridgeschainssequencessuccessionsprogressionscontinuumsspectrumsscalesgaugesmetersmetricsstandardsbenchmarksyardstickstouchstonescriterionscriteriaindicatorsindexesindicessignalsmarkerspointersguidesdirectorsleaderschiefsheadsprincipalsmainprimaryprimefirstforemostleadingpremierchiefheadprincipalcentralkeycriticalcrucialvitalessentialnecessaryneededrequiredrequisiteindispensablemandatoryobligatorycompulsoryforcedcoercedconstrainedobligedboundcommitteddedicateddevotedloyalfaithfultruetrustworthyreliabledependableresponsibleaccountableanswerableliablesubjectopenexposedvulnerablesusceptiblepronelikelyaptinclineddisposedpredisposedtendingleaningvergingborderingnearingapproachingcomingadvancingprogressingmovinggoingtravelingjourneyingvoyagingsailingflyingdrivingridingwalkinghikingtrekkingmarchingtrampingtrudgingploddingsloggingtoilinglaboringworkingoperatingfunctioningrunningperformingexecutingimplementingenactingeffectingbringing-aboutcausingmakingcreatingproducinggeneratingyieldinggivingprovidingsupplyingfurnishingdeliveringpresentingofferingextendingprofferingtenderingsubmittingproposingsuggestingrecommendingadvisingcounselingguidingdirectingsteeringpilotingnavigatingconductingescortingshepherdingherdingurgingspurringgoadingpromptingmotivatingstimulatinginspiringencouragingsupportingbackinghelpingassistingaidingabettingfacilitatingeasingsmoothingsimplifyingclarifyingexplaininginterpretingtranslatingrenderingconvertingtransformingchangingalteringmodifyingadjustingadaptingfittingsuitingmatchingcorrespondingagreeingaccordharmonyconcordconsensusunanimityunitysolidaritycohesioncoherenceconsistencyconsonancecongruencecongruitycompatibilityagreementaccordanceconformitycomplianceobservanceadherenceattachmentdevotiondedicationcommitmentloyaltyfidelityfaithfulnessconstancysteadfastnessstaunchnessresolutenessdeterminationresolvedecisionconclusionjudgmentverdictfindingrulingdecreecommanddirectiveinstructiondirectionguidanceleadershipmanagementadministrationgovernancegovernmentrulecontroldominationdominionpowermightstrengthforcevigorenergyvitalitylifeanimationspiritsoulmindintellectintelligencewisdomknowledgeunderstandingcomprehensiongraspapprehensionperceptionawarenessconsciousnesscognizancerecognitionrealizationappreciationsensitivityresponsivenessreactivityactivitylivelinessvividnessintensitysharpnesskeennessacuityacutenessclearnessdistinctnessplainnessobviousnessevidencemanifestnesspatencytransparencyclarityluciditypelluciditylimpiditypuritycleanlinesscleannessspotlessnessimmaculatenessflawlessnessperfectionexcellencesuperioritysupremacypreeminenceeminencedistinctionnotemarksignindicationproofdemonstrationshowdisplayexhibitionpresentationmanifestationexpressionutterancestatementdeclarationannouncementproclamationpronouncementassertionclaimcontentionallegationaccusationchargeindictmentimputationattributionascriptionassignmentallocationallotmentapportionmentdispensationdivisionpartitionsharingparticipationinvolvementengagementfondnesslikingloveaffectiontendernesswarmthfervorardorpassionzealenthusiasmeagernessardencyvehemencedynamismpotencyefficacyeffectivenessefficiencycompetencecapabilitycapacityabilityaptitudetalentgiftskillexpertiseproficiencymasteryascendancypredominancepreponderanceadvantageedgeleadhead-startforefrontvanvanguardavant-gardefrontierborderboundarylimitrimbrinkvergethresholddoorstepprecipicecliffsteepabruptsuddenunexpectedsurprisingastonishingamazingastoundingstunningshockingstartlingjarringjoltingrockingshakingdisturbingupsettingdisquietingunsettlingtroublingworryingconcerningalarmingfrighteningscaringterrifyinghorrifyingappallingdreadfulterribleawfulhorriblehideousghastlygruesomegrislymacabremorbidmorbiditydiseaseillnesssicknessailmentmaladydisorderconditionstatesituationcircumstancecontextenvironmentsettingscenebackgroundbackdropframeworkstructureorganizationarrangementsystemschemeplandesignpatternmodeltemplateprototypearchetypeoriginalinitialprimitiveearlyancientoldagedelderlyseniormaturegrownadvancedprogressedevolvedderiveddescendedoriginatedbegunstartedcommencedinitiatedlaunchedopenedinauguratedinstitutedestablishedfoundedset-upformedshapedfashionedmoldedcastforgedwroughtbuiltconstructedput-togethererectedraisedelevatedliftedhoistedheavedhauleddraggeddrawnpulledtuggedyankedjerkedsnatchedgrabbedseizedcaughttrappedsnarednettedhookedbaggedlandedgotgainedwonearnedachievedattainedreachedarrivedcomeappearedemergedmaterializedmanifestedshowedofferedgivengrantedbestowedconferredawardedgifteddonatedcontributeddividedsplitseparatedparteddetacheddisconnecteddisjoineddisuniteddivorcedalienatedestrangedisolatedsegregatedsequesteredsecludedwithdrawnretiredremovedtaken-awaycarried-offborne-awaytransportedconveyedtransferredtransmittedimpartedexpressedarticulatedverbalizedvocalizedvoicedspokensaiddepictedportrayedrepresentedillustrateddemonstratedshownrevealeddiscloseduncoveredunmaskedunveiledunfoldedspreadextendedstretchedspannedbridgedcrossedtraversedpassedgone-byelapsedexpiredlapsedendedfinishedcompletedconcludedterminatedclosedshutsealedlockedfastenedmade-safeprotectedguardeddefendedshieldedscreenedshelteredharboredhousedaccommodatedlodgedquarteredbilletedstationedpostedplacedpositionedlocatedsituatedsettledinstalledemplaceddepositedlaidputsetarrangedorderedorganizedstructuredsystematizedmethodizedrationalizedstreamlinedsimplifiedclarifiedexplainedinterpretedtranslatedrenderedparaphrasedrephrasedrewordedrestaterepeatreiteraterehearserecitequotecitereferalludementionremarkobservecommentdeclareannounceproclaimpronounceassertaffirmaveravowswearvowpledgepromisecommitengagebindobligecompelcoerceconstrainpressurgepushdrivepropelthrustshovesqueezecompresscondenseconcentratefocuscenterconvergemeetjoinunitecombinemergefuseblendmixmingleintermingleintermixintegrateincorporateembodycontainincludecompriseconsistcomposeconstituteformmakecreateproducegenerateyieldgiveprovidesupplyfurnishdeliverpresentofferextendproffertendersubmitproposesuggestrecommendadvisecounselguidedirectsteerpilotnavigateconductescortshepherdherdspurgoadpromptmotivatestimulateinspireencouragesupportbackhelpassistaidabetfacilitateeasesmoothsimplifyclarifyexplaininterprettranslaterenderconverttransformchangealtermodifyadjustadaptfitsuitmatchcorrespondagreeharmonizeconformcomplyadherestickclingholdgripseizegrabcatchcapturetrapsnarenethookbaglandsecureobtainacquiregetgainwinearnachieveattainreacharriveappearemergematerializemanifestexhibitgrantbestowconferawarddonatecontributeshareparticipateinvolvededicatedevoteattachfondlikeaffectwarmferventardentpassionatezealousenthusiasticeagerkeenintensevehementforcefulvigorousenergeticdynamicpowerfulstrongmightypotenteffectiveefficientcompetentcapableabletalentedskilledexpertproficientmasterfulcommandingcontrollingdominatingascendantsupremepredominantpreponderantsuperioradvantageousprogressiveforwardaheadonwardupwardrisingascendingclimbingmountingscalingsurmountingovercomingconqueringdefeatingvanquishingsubduingsubjugatingmasteringgoverningmanagingadministeringaccordingharmonizingconformingcomplyingobservingadheringstickingclingingholdinggraspinggrippingseizinggrabbingcatchingcapturingtrappingsnaringnettinghookingbagginglandingsecuringobtainingacquiringgettinggainingwinningearningachievingattainingreachingarrivingappearingemergingmaterializingmanifestingshowingdisplayingexhibitinggrantingbestowingconferringawardinggiftingdonatingcontributingparticipatingengaginginvolvingcommittingdedicatingdevotingattachingbeing-fondlovingaffectingbeing-tenderwarmingbeing-ferventbeing-ardentbeing-passionatebeing-zealousbeing-enthusiasticbeing-eagerbeing-keenbeing-intensebeing-vehementbeing-forcefulbeing-vigorousbeing-energeticbeing-dynamicbeing-powerfulbeing-strongbeing-mightybeing-potentbeing-effectivebeing-efficientbeing-competentbeing-capablebeing-ablebeing-aptbeing-talentedbeing-giftedbeing-skilledbeing-expertbeing-proficientbeing-masterfulbeing-commandingbeing-controllingbeing-dominatingbeing-ascendantbeing-supremebeing-predominantbeing-preponderantbeing-superiorbeing-advantageousbeing-leadingbeing-foremostbeing-frontbeing-vanbeing-vanguardbeing-advancedbeing-progressivebeing-forwardbeing-aheadbeing-onwardbeing-upwardbeing-risingbeing-ascendingbeing-climbingbeing-mountingbeing-scalingbeing-surmountingbeing-overcomingbeing-conqueringbeing-defeatingbeing-vanquishingbeing-subduingbeing-subjugatingbeing-masteringbeing-rulingbeing-governingbeing-managingbeing-administeringbeing-directingbeing-guidingbeing-steeringbeing-pilotingbeing-navigatingbeing-conductingbeing-escortingbeing-shepherdingbeing-herdingbeing-drivingbeing-urgingbeing-spurringbeing-goadingbeing-promptingbeing-motivatingbeing-stimulatingbeing-inspiringbeing-encouragingbeing-supportingbeing-backingbeing-helpingbeing-assistingbeing-aidingbeing-abettingbeing-facilitatingbeing-easingbeing-smoothingbeing-simplifyingbeing-clarifyingbeing-explainingbeing-interpretingbeing-translatingbeing-renderingbeing-convertingbeing-transformingbeing-changingbeing-alteringbeing-modifyingbeing-adjustingbeing-adaptingbeing-fittingbeing-suitingbeing-matchingbeing-correspondingbeing-agreeingbeing-accordingbeing-harmonizingbeing-conformingbeing-complyingbeing-observingbeing-adheringbeing-stickingbeing-clingingbeing-holdingbeing-graspingbeing-grippingbeing-seizingbeing-grabbingbeing-catchingbeing-capturingbeing-trappingbeing-snaringbeing-nettingbeing-hookingbeing-baggingbeing-landingbeing-securingbeing-obtainingbeing-acquiringbeing-gettingbeing-gainingbeing-winningbeing-earningbeing-achievingbeing-attainingbeing-reachingbeing-arrivingbeing-comingbeing-appearingbeing-emergingbeing-materializingbeing-manifestingbeing-showingbeing-displayingbeing-exhibitingbeing-presentingbeing-offeringbeing-givingbeing-grantingbeing-bestowingbeing-conferringbeing-awardingbeing-giftingbeing-donatingbeing-contributingbeing-sharingbeing-participatingbeing-engagingbeing-involvingbeing-committingbeing-dedicatingbeing-devotingbeing-attaching

• Marmopteryx

  Marmopteryx is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae, established by Packard in 1874. The genus is currently considered a synonym of Stamnodes, with its type species Marmopteryx morrisata (Hulst, 1887) now placed as Stamnoctenis morrisata. The genus is known from a single species originally described from the northeastern United States.

  geometridaelarentiinaemothsynonymhistorical-taxonnortheastern-united-states19th-century-description

• Megachile nivalis

  Megachile nivalis is a species of leafcutter bee in the family Megachilidae, described by Friese in 1903. Current taxonomic treatment considers this name a synonym of Megachile lapponica. The species belongs to a large genus of solitary bees known for cutting leaf segments to line their nest cavities. As with other Megachile species, females construct individual brood cells provisioned with pollen and nectar.

  synonymleafcutter-beesolitary-beeMegachilidae

• Megisto

  Megisto is a genus of brush-footed butterflies in the subfamily Satyrinae. Species in this genus are commonly known as wood satyrs. The genus includes at least three recognized species distributed across North America, with the little wood satyr (Megisto cymela) being the most widespread and frequently encountered.

  SatyrinaewoodlandNorth-Americasynonym

• Megisto cymela cymela

  Little Wood Satyr

  Megisto cymela cymela is a subspecies of satyrine butterfly commonly known as the Little Wood Satyr. It belongs to the family Nymphalidae and is currently treated as a synonym of Euptychia cymela in some taxonomic databases. The subspecies has been documented in the northeastern United States, including Vermont.

  butterflysatyrnymphalidaesynonym

• Megisto cymela viola

  Viola's Wood-Satyr

  Megisto cymela viola, known as Viola's Wood-Satyr, is a subspecies of wood-satyr butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is currently treated as a synonym of Euptychia cymela. The subspecies was described by Maynard in 1891. Based on records from GBIF and iNaturalist, it has been documented in Vermont and other parts of the United States. As a member of the Satyrinae subfamily, it belongs to a group of butterflies commonly associated with woodland habitats and shaded environments.

  butterflywood-satyrSatyrinaeNymphalidaeNorth-Americasynonym

• Melinopterus consentaneus

  Melinopterus consentaneus is a species of scarab beetle in the family Scarabaeidae. The species was described by LeConte in 1850. It is currently treated as a synonym of Flaviellus consentaneus. Records indicate occurrence in prairie and grassland regions of central North America.

  synonymscarabaeidaenearcticprairiegrassland

• Messatoporus rufiventris

  Messatoporus rufiventris Cushman, 1929 is a species of ichneumon wasp in the subfamily Cryptinae. It was originally described as a valid species but has been synonymized under Messatoporus discoidalis (Cresson) based on a 2013 revision of the genus. The genus Messatoporus is a large New World group containing 89 recognized species, characterized by distinctive morphological features including a long tapered mandible with reduced ventral tooth and a specialized ovipositor structure. No specific biological or ecological data has been documented for M. rufiventris itself.

  HymenopteraIchneumonidaeCryptinaeparasitoid-waspsynonymNew-WorldNeotropical

• Microcrambus minor

  Minor Grass-veneer

  Microcrambus minor is a grass-veneer moth in the family Crambidae, first described by W. T. M. Forbes in 1920. It is widely distributed across eastern and central North America, with records spanning from Canada to the southern United States. The species is currently considered a synonym of Microcrambus immunellus according to Catalogue of Life and GBIF. As a member of the subfamily Crambinae, it belongs to a group commonly known as grass-veneers or grass moths, many of which are associated with grassy habitats.

  grass-veneerCrambinaeNorth-Americagrassland-mothsynonym

• Monoleuca erectifascia

  Monoleuca erectifascia is a moth species described by Harrison G. Dyar in 1925. It is currently treated as a synonym of Monoleuca sulphurea, a species in the family Limacodidae (slug caterpillar moths). The original description was based on specimens from Mexico. As a synonym, this name has no independent taxonomic standing and does not represent a separately recognized biological entity.

  synonymhistorical-nameMexicoLimacodidaeDyar-1925

• Myrmetini

  Myrmetini is a tribe of clown beetles (Histeridae) within the subfamily Saprininae, established by Portevin in 1929. The tribe is currently treated as a synonym in modern classifications, with its constituent genera generally reassigned to other tribes, particularly Saprinini. Members of this group were historically associated with ant colonies (myrmecophily), a trait reflected in the tribe's name derived from Greek 'myrmex' (ant). The taxonomic status reflects ongoing revisionary work in Histeridae systematics.

  myrmecophiloussynonymHisteridaeSaprininaeColeoptera

• Myrmex estriatus

  Myrmex estriatus is a species of antlike weevil in the beetle family Curculionidae. The species was originally described by Casey in 1892 and is currently listed as a synonym of Otidocephalus estriatus in some taxonomic databases. Very few observations of this species exist in biodiversity databases. As a member of the antlike weevil genus Myrmex, it likely exhibits morphological adaptations resembling ants, though specific ecological details remain undocumented.

  antlike-weevilCurculionidaeMyrmexsynonymOtidocephalus-estriatusCasey-1892rarely-observed

• Myrmex floridanus

  antlike weevil, Florida antlike weevil

  Myrmex floridanus is a species of antlike weevil in the family Curculionidae, characterized by morphological adaptations that mimic ants. The species was described by Casey in 1892 and is currently treated as a synonym of Otidocephalus floridanus in some taxonomic databases. It occurs in North America, with records primarily from the southeastern United States. The genus Myrmex belongs to the tribe Myrmecini, a group of weevils known for their ant-mimicking appearance.

  ant-mimicweevilCurculionidaeMyrmeciniNorth-AmericaFloridasynonym

• Myzocallidina

  Myzocallidina is a subtribe of aphids within the family Aphididae, established by Börner in 1942. It is currently treated as a synonym in modern taxonomic databases. The subtribe belongs to the tribe Myzocallidini in the subfamily Calaphidinae, a group of aphids primarily associated with woody host plants. The subtribe classification reflects historical attempts to organize the diverse aphid fauna based on morphological and biological characteristics.

  aphidsubtribesynonymHemipteraSternorrhyncha

• Myzocallis punctatus

  Myzocallis punctatus is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae, currently treated as a synonym of Neomyzocallis asclepiadis. The specific epithet 'punctatus' refers to spotted or punctured appearance. As a member of the Calaphidinae subfamily and Myzocallidini tribe, it belongs to a group of aphids associated with woody host plants. The taxonomic status indicates this name is no longer accepted as valid, having been synonymized under a different genus.

  aphidHemipterasynonymCalaphidinaeMyzocallidiniNeomyzocallis-asclepiadis

• Nannodioctria

  Nannodioctria is a genus of robber flies (family Asilidae) established by Wilcox and Martin in 1942. It is currently treated as a synonym of Dioctria, specifically as the subgenus Dioctria (Nannodioctria). The genus belongs to the subfamily Dioctriinae, a group of small, often slender robber flies. Very few observations or specimens have been documented, with only a single iNaturalist observation recorded.

  robber-flyAsilidaeDioctriinaesynonymsmall-genusrarely-observed

• Narthecius striaticeps

  Narthecius striaticeps is a small beetle species described by Fall in 1907, currently recognized as a synonym of Narthecius simulator. It belongs to the family Laemophloeidae, a group of flattened beetles commonly associated with dead wood and fungal habitats. The species was originally described from North American material.

  synonymLaemophloeidaeNorth-AmericaFall-1907

• Neda

  Neda is a genus of beetles in the family Coccinellidae (ladybird beetles). The genus was established by Chambers in 1874. It is currently recognized as a synonym of Autoneda in some classifications, though sources vary in its taxonomic treatment. The genus belongs to the diverse ladybird beetle family, which includes many species valued for their predatory habits on agricultural pests.

  Coccinellidaeladybird-beetlessynonymChambers-1874Autoneda

• Nemoura trispinosa

  Nemoura trispinosa is a stonefly species described by Claassen in 1923, currently treated as a synonym of Nemoura arctica. It belongs to the family Nemouridae, a group of small, generally cold-adapted stoneflies. The species was described from North American material and has been recorded across boreal and arctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere. As a synonym, its biological characteristics are subsumed under the senior name Nemoura arctica.

  synonymPlecopteraNemouridaeHolarcticstonefly

• Neocochylis

  Neocochylis is a genus of tortricid moths established by Razowski in 1960. Current taxonomic treatment recognizes it as a synonym of Cochylis, a genus within the subfamily Tortricinae. Species historically placed in Neocochylis are now generally classified under Cochylis. The group is represented in northern Europe and North America based on occurrence records.

  SynonymTortricidaeLepidoptera

• Neocoelidia ramona

  Neocoelidia ramona is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Ball in 1916. It is currently recognized as a synonym of Neocoelidia lactipennis. The species belongs to the subfamily Neocoelidiinae and tribe Neocoelidiini. Distribution records indicate occurrence in California, Nevada, and Utah in the western United States.

  leafhopperCicadellidaeNeocoelidiinaesynonymHemipterawestern-North-AmericaUnited-States

• Neodeceia

  Neodeceia is a genus of small flies in the family Lauxaniidae, established by Malloch in 1924. It is currently considered a synonym of Neodecia according to Catalogue of Life, with its taxonomic status marked as doubtful in GBIF. The genus belongs to the diverse group of lauxaniid flies, which are commonly found in forested and humid environments. Little specific information is available about this particular genus due to its synonymized status.

  DipteraLauxaniidaesynonymdoubtful-taxon

• Nilaparvata serrata

  Nilaparvata serrata is a planthopper species in the family Delphacidae, described by Caldwell in 1951. It is currently recognized as a synonym of Nilaparvata guianensis. The genus Nilaparvata includes several economically significant rice pests, most notably the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens), though N. serrata itself is not among the major agricultural pests. Species in this genus are characterized by their association with grass hosts and their role as vectors of plant pathogens.

  DelphacidaeplanthopperHemipterasynonymNilaparvataCaldwell-1951

• Notiodes cribricollis

  Notiodes cribricollis is a species of marsh weevil in the family Brachyceridae. The species was described by LeConte in 1876 and is currently recognized as a synonym of Endalus cribricollis. It belongs to a group of weevils associated with wetland and marsh habitats. The genus Notiodes is part of the brachycerid weevils, a family distinguished by their elongated snouts and compact body forms.

  weevilmarsh-weevilBrachyceridaesynonymwetland-insect

• Notiodes disgregus

  marsh weevil

  Notiodes disgregus is a species of marsh weevil in the beetle family Brachyceridae. The species was described by Burke in 1961 and is currently recognized as a synonym of Endalus disgregus. As a member of Brachyceridae, it belongs to a family of weevils associated with wetland and marsh habitats.

  marsh-weevilwetland-beetlesynonym

• Nycthia

  Nycthia is a genus of tortricid moths established by Pogue in 1990. It is currently treated as a synonym of Cochylimorpha, a larger genus within the tribe Cochylini. The genus was erected based on morphological distinctions that subsequent taxonomic revision has determined do not warrant separate generic status. Species formerly placed in Nycthia are now classified under Cochylimorpha.

  synonymtortricidaecochylinipalearctictaxonomic-revision

• Nysson freyigessneri

  Nysson freyigessneri is a species of wasp in the family Crabronidae, originally described by Handlirsch in 1887. The species is currently considered a synonym of Nysson aurinotus. Like other members of the genus Nysson, it belongs to a group of kleptoparasitic wasps that exploit the nests of other solitary wasps. The genus Nysson is distributed across North America, with species acting as parasites primarily targeting sand wasps and other burrowing wasps.

  HymenopteraCrabronidaeNyssonkleptoparasitesynonymNorth-Americawaspparasitoid

• Ochlerotatus canadensis

  Canadian mosquito

  Ochlerotatus canadensis is a mosquito species native to North America, with documented presence in the Caribbean, Middle America, and North America including Vermont. The species was originally described as Culex canadensis by Theobald in 1901 and has since been reclassified within the genus Ochlerotatus, though it is also recognized as Aedes canadensis in some taxonomic treatments. It belongs to the Ochlerotatus Group of mosquitoes within the family Culicidae.

  mosquitoCulicidaeNorth-AmericaOchlerotatus-GroupsynonymAedes-canadensismedical-entomologyvector-biologyinvasive-species-potentialDiptera

• Ochlerotatus diantaeus

  Ochlerotatus diantaeus is a mosquito species in the family Culicidae, originally described as Aedes diantaeus in 1913. The species has undergone taxonomic reclassification, now placed in the genus Ochlerotatus. It occurs across parts of Europe, northern Asia, and North America. Like other members of its genus, females require blood meals for egg production.

  mosquitoCulicidaeOchlerotatusvectorsynonym

• Ochlerotatus squamiger

  Ochlerotatus squamiger is a mosquito species in the family Culicidae, originally described as Culex squamiger by Coquillett in 1902. The species has undergone taxonomic reclassification, now placed in the genus Ochlerotatus, though it is also recognized as a synonym of Aedes squamiger in some taxonomic databases. It occurs in North America and Middle America. Like other members of its genus, it is presumed to be a blood-feeding mosquito with females requiring blood meals for egg development, though specific biological details for this species remain poorly documented in available literature.

  mosquitoCulicidaeDipteraOchlerotatusNorth-AmericaMiddle-AmericasynonymAedes-squamiger

• Olceclostera indistincta

  Olceclostera indistincta is a moth species in the family Apatelodidae, originally described by Henry Edwards in 1886 under the basionym Apatelodes indistincta. The species is currently treated as a synonym of Olceclostera angelica in the GBIF backbone taxonomy. It has been documented from the northeastern United States, specifically Vermont. As a member of Apatelodidae, it belongs to a family of medium-sized moths with larvae that often feed on woody plants.

  synonymnomenclatural-historyNorth-America

• Oligolochus bracatus

  Oligolochus bracatus is a species of flower weevil in the family Curculionidae. The species was described by Casey in 1892. It is currently treated as a synonym of Limnobaris bracatus in some taxonomic databases. Very few observations exist in citizen science platforms.

  Curculionidaeweevilflower-weevilsynonymrarely-observed

• Omphaloscelis lunosa

  Omphaloscelis lunosa is a noctuid moth described by Haworth in 1809, originally placed in Noctua and later transferred to Omphaloscelis. The species is currently treated as a synonym of Anchoscelis lunosa (or Agrochola lunosa in some treatments). Records indicate presence in Denmark and Norway.

  synonymNoctuidaeLepidopteraEurope

• Omus laevis

  Night-stalking Tiger Beetle

  Omus laevis is a synonym of Omus californicus californicus, a nocturnal tiger beetle species in the genus Omus. Members of this genus are restricted to the Pacific region of North America and are characterized by their nocturnal activity pattern, which distinguishes them from most other tiger beetles. The species is part of a taxonomically complex group historically treated as variable subspecies of O. californicus.

  tiger-beetleCicindelidaenocturnalPacific-CoastsynonymOmus-californicus-complexlarval-burrowsAmblycheilini

• Omus sequoiarum

  Omus sequoiarum is a species of flightless tiger beetle in the genus Omus, described by Crotch in 1874. It is currently treated as a synonym of Omus californicus californicus, though some sources maintain it as a distinct species. Like other Omus species, it is nocturnal and associated with forested habitats in western North America. The species epithet 'sequoiarum' references its association with sequoia (redwood) forests.

  ColeopteraCarabidaeCicindelinaetiger-beetleflightlessnocturnalwestern-North-AmericaOmussynonymOmus-californicus

• Oncopsis prairiana

  Oncopsis prairiana is a leafhopper species described by Hamilton in 1983. It is currently treated as a synonym of Oncopsis minor. The species has been recorded from prairie and grassland regions of North America, with distribution records from the northern United States and southern Canada. Very few observations exist, with only 2 records on iNaturalist.

  leafhopperMacropsiniprairiesynonym

• Opsodexia

  Opsodexia is a genus of blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) described by Townsend in 1915. It is currently treated as a synonym of Melanomya (subgenus Opsodexia) within the subfamily Melanomyinae. The genus contains species associated with carrion and decomposition ecology. Very few observations exist in public databases, indicating either rarity or taxonomic obscurity.

  blow-flyCalliphoridaeMelanomyinaesynonymcarrion-flyNeotropical

• Optioservus

  Optioservus is a former genus of riffle beetles (family Elmidae) established by Sanderson in 1954. As of 2021, it is recognized as a junior synonym of Heterlimnius. The genus formerly contained approximately 13 species distributed in the Nearctic region, including several species described by White in 1978. Species-level identification historically relied on variable external characters; a 1978 revision established more reliable diagnostic criteria based on male genitalia, elytral patterns, and geographic distribution.

  riffle-beetleElmidaesynonymNearcticaquatic-beetleHeterlimnius

• Orconectes erichsonianus

  Erichson's Crayfish

  Orconectes erichsonianus is a freshwater crayfish species described by Faxon in 1898, currently classified under the genus Faxonius. The species has been treated as a synonym in modern taxonomic revisions, with its current accepted name being Faxonius erichsonianus. It belongs to the family Cambaridae, a diverse group of North American crayfishes. The species is part of the complex taxonomic history of the genus Orconectes, which has undergone substantial revision based on molecular phylogenetics.

  crayfishfreshwaterNorth-AmericaCambaridaeDecapodasynonymtaxonomic-revision

• Orconectes maletae

  crayfishDecapodaCambaridaeNorth-AmericasynonymFaxonius-maletae

• Orconectes obscurus

  Orconectes obscurus is a freshwater crayfish species originally described by Hagen in 1870. It is currently classified as a synonym of Faxonius obscurus following taxonomic revision that transferred species from Orconectes to Faxonius. The species occurs in North America, with distribution records from Canada. Limited specific ecological information is available in the provided sources.

  crayfishfreshwaterdecapodCambaridaeNorth-Americasynonymtaxonomic-revision

• Orconectes validus

  Orconectes validus is a species of freshwater crayfish in the family Cambaridae. The name is currently treated as a synonym of Faxonius validus. Original description dates to 1914 by Faxon. As a synonym, biological information specific to this nominal taxon is limited and may be conflated with the accepted name.

  crayfishfreshwaterdecapodcambaridaesynonymnorth-america

• Ordobrevia nubifera

  Ordobrevia nubifera is a species of riffle beetle in the family Elmidae. It was described by Fall in 1901. The species is currently treated as a synonym of Ordobrevia nubifer. It is known from North America.

  riffle-beetleElmidaesynonymNorth-America

• Orgerius bicornis

  Orgerius bicornis is a species of planthopper in the family Dictyopharidae, first described by Doering & Darby in 1943. The species belongs to the infraorder Fulgoromorpha, a group known for their distinctive head morphology and jumping ability. As a member of the Orgeriinae subfamily, it shares characteristics with other dictyopharid planthoppers that inhabit grassland and prairie ecosystems. The specific epithet 'bicornis' refers to the two-horned appearance of the head structure.

  planthopperDictyopharidaeFulgoromorphaHemipteraAuchenorrhynchaOrgeriinaeOrgeriiniOrgeriusbicornisDoering-&-Darby-1943synonymOstopicus-bicornis

• Orthopleurinae

  Orthopleurinae is a subfamily of checkered beetles (family Cleridae) established by Böving and Craighead in 1931. It is currently treated as a synonym of Korynetinae in modern classifications. The group contains few documented observations, with only 8 records in iNaturalist. Its members belong to the superfamily Cleroidea within the diverse beetle suborder Polyphaga.

  CleridaeColeopterasynonymKorynetinaecheckered-beetlesCleroideahistorical-taxondata-deficient

• Orthoris crotchii

  Orthoris crotchii is a weevil species described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1876. It is currently classified as an ambiguous synonym of Rhoptobaris scolopax (Fabricius, 1792). The species has been documented in western Canada, with records from Alberta, British Columbia, and Saskatchewan. As a member of Curculionidae, it belongs to one of the most diverse families of beetles, though specific biological details for this particular taxon remain poorly documented.

  CurculionidaeweevilsynonymCanadian-faunaLeConte-1876Rhoptobaris

• Ospriocerus aeacus

  Ospriocerus aeacus is a robber fly species in the family Asilidae. Current taxonomic consensus treats this name as a synonym of Ospriocerus abdominalis (Say, 1824), with the latter name having priority. The species has been used frequently in literature under the O. aeacus designation, but this usage is now considered taxonomically unnecessary. As a member of the genus Ospriocerus, it belongs to a group of large, wasp-mimicking robber flies associated with grassland habitats in western North America.

  synonymrobber-flyprairie-obligatewasp-mimicconservation-indicator

• Ospriocerus brevis

  Ospriocerus brevis is a species of robber fly in the family Asilidae, described by Martin in 1968. The species is currently recognized as a synonym of Stenopogon brevis in some taxonomic databases. Robber flies in the genus Ospriocerus are large, predatory flies associated with grassland habitats in western North America.

  robber-flyAsilidaesynonymStenopogonwestern-North-Americagrasslandpredatory-flyMartin-1968

• Ospriocerus tenebrosus

  Dark robber fly

  Ospriocerus tenebrosus is a species of robber fly in the family Asilidae. The species was originally described by Coquillett in 1904 under the genus Stenopogon and later transferred to Ospriocerus. It is currently recognized as a synonym of Stenopogon tenebrosus in some taxonomic databases, reflecting ongoing taxonomic uncertainty or reclassification within the Stenopogoninae subfamily. As a member of the robber flies, it belongs to a predatory group of dipterans known for their aerial hunting behavior and distinctive morphology.

  DipteraAsilidaerobber-flypredatory-flysynonymStenopogonNorth-Americataxonomic-uncertainty

• Ospriocerus tequilae

  Ospriocerus tequilae is a species of robber fly in the family Asilidae, described by Martin in 1968. The genus Ospriocerus contains large, wasp-mimicking robber flies found in grassland habitats of western North America. The specific epithet 'tequilae' presumably refers to the type locality in Mexico. The species is currently treated as a synonym of Stenopogon tequilae in some taxonomic databases, reflecting ongoing taxonomic uncertainty in the classification of this group.

  robber-flyAsilidaeStenopogoninaewasp-mimicgrasslandwestern-North-AmericaMexicosynonymStenopogonpredatory-flyDiptera

• Ovatus

  Ovatus is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, currently treated as a synonym of Ovatomyzus. The genus was historically recognized for species associated with various host plants, though modern taxonomic revisions have consolidated many of these into Ovatomyzus. Records indicate distribution in parts of Europe including Denmark, Norway, and Sweden.

  AphididaeMacrosiphinisynonymOvatomyzusaphids

• Ovatus crataegarius

  Hawthorn-Mint Aphid

  Ovatus crataegarius, commonly known as the Hawthorn-Mint Aphid, is an aphid species in the family Aphididae. Its taxonomic status is marked as doubtful or ambiguous synonym in major databases, with some sources suggesting it may be synonymous with Ovatus mentharius. The species has been recorded from the Azores islands and parts of Brazil.

  aphidHemipteradoubtful-taxonsynonym

• Oxyporus lateralis

  Oxyporus lateralis is a species of rove beetle in the family Staphylinidae, originally described by Gravenhorst in 1802. The species is currently treated as a synonym of Pseudoxyporus lateralis, reflecting taxonomic revisions within the Oxyporinae subfamily. It is distributed across eastern North America, with records from Canada and the United States. Like other members of Oxyporinae, it is associated with fungal habitats, particularly mushrooms.

  rove-beetleStaphylinidaeOxyporinaefungal-associateNorth-Americasynonym

• Oxyporus quinquemaculatus

  A rove beetle in the family Staphylinidae, currently classified under the genus Pseudoxyporus. The species name refers to five spots. This small beetle belongs to the subfamily Oxyporinae, a group of fungi-associated rove beetles.

  StaphylinidaeOxyporinaerove-beetlefungi-associatedNorth-AmericasynonymPseudoxyporusLeConte-1863

• Palpita atrisquamalis

  Gracile Palpita Moth

  Palpita atrisquamalis is a moth in the family Crambidae, currently treated as a synonym of Palpita gracilalis. It is known from western and south-central North America, ranging from California eastward to Texas and Oklahoma. The species belongs to the subfamily Spilomelinae, a diverse group of snout moths.

  CrambidaeSpilomelinaeNorth-AmericasynonymPalpita-gracilalis

• Panaphidina

  Panaphidina is a subtribe within the aphid tribe Panaphidini, family Aphididae. It was established by Oestlund in 1923 and is currently treated as a synonym in modern taxonomic databases. The subtribe encompasses certain aphid genera historically grouped together based on morphological similarities. Members belong to the subfamily Calaphidinae, a diverse group of aphids found primarily in the Northern Hemisphere.

  AphididaeCalaphidinaePanaphidinisynonymOestlund-1923SternorrhynchaHemipteraaphidsubtribetaxon-inquirendum

• Pandemis borealis

  Pandemis borealis is a species of tortricid moth described by Diakonoff in 1960. It is currently recognized as a synonym of Pandemis refracta. The species has been recorded from limited locations in northeastern North America, specifically Ontario and Maine. As a member of the leafroller moth family Tortricidae, its larvae likely feed on foliage of woody plants, though specific host associations remain undocumented.

  tortricidaeleafroller-mothsynonymnorth-americaboreal

• Paranoplium gracile gracile

  Paranoplium gracile gracile is a subspecies of longhorn beetle in the family Cerambycidae, tribe Oemini. Originally described by LeConte in 1881, it is currently treated as a synonym in modern taxonomic databases. The species is known from North America, with records from the United States. As a cerambycid, it belongs to a diverse family of wood-boring beetles, though specific biological details for this subspecies remain poorly documented.

  CerambycidaeCerambycinaeOeminilonghorn-beetlewood-boring-beetleNorth-Americasynonymdata-deficient

• Parapergandea

  Parapergandea is a genus of phylloxerids (family Phylloxeridae) in the order Hemiptera, established by Börner in 1930. It is currently treated as a synonym of Phylloxera Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1834. The genus was erected to accommodate species resembling Phylloxera but with distinct morphological features, though subsequent taxonomic revisions have subsumed these taxa under Phylloxera. Records attributed to Parapergandea have been reported from Scandinavia (Denmark, Norway, Sweden) and the northeastern United States (Vermont).

  synonymphylloxeridHemipterahistorical-genus

• Parapergandea caryaevenae

  Parapergandea caryaevenae is a species of phylloxerid insect originally described by Fitch in 1856. It is currently recognized as a synonym of Phylloxera caryaevenae. The species belongs to the family Phylloxeridae, a group of small, sap-feeding insects closely related to aphids.

  synonymphylloxeridPhylloxera-caryaevenae1856

• Pemphigus longicornis

  AphididaeHemipteraInsectasynonyminsufficient-data

• Pentodontini

  rhinoceros beetles

  Pentodontini is the most diverse tribe within the subfamily Dynastinae (rhinoceros beetles), containing over 100 genera distributed across multiple biogeographic regions. Most genera are restricted to a single biogeographic region. The tribe is characterized by substantial morphological diversity, with generic-level identification often relying on mouthpart morphology in females and secondary sexual characters (horns, claw modifications, antennal club length) in males.

  rhinoceros-beetlesDynastinaeScarabaeidaeColeopteratribeglobal-distributionmorphological-diversitysexual-dimorphismgeneric-diversitymouthpart-morphologysecondary-sexual-charactershornsbiogeographic-restrictiontaxonomic-revisiondichotomous-keysnew-species-descriptionnew-genus-descriptionlectotype-designationsynonymynew-combinationdistribution-mappingfemale-descriptionhabitat-databehavioral-observationsAustraliaColombiaBoliviaIndiaWestern-AustraliaNew-South-WalesNeotropicalAustralianAfrotropicalOrientalPalaearcticCheiroplatinaDipelicinaPentodontinaPseudoryctinaBothynusHeteronychusEpironastesPhilcarneumConstricticollisCarneiolaAnomalomorphaEnraciusErbmahcediusCavonusPericoptusPentodonCalicnemisMetanastesNeometanastesPimelopusPodalgusPseudoryctesCheiroplatysDipelicusDenheziaEuetheolaHylobothynusOxyligyrusParapucayaPucayaTomarusAdoryphorusCarneoryctesTeinogenysLigyrusAllsoppHutchinsonArrowCarneEndrödiDechambrePrellOhausBatesHopeLaporte-de-CastelnauErichsonBurmeisterSharpMulsantBlackburnDupuisÖzdikmenYamayaFairmaireRedtenbacherSteinheilRatcliffeCaveFabriciusDejeaniNaturalistWikipediaCatalogue-of-LifeZootaxaJournal-of-Insect-BiodiversityRecords-of-the-Zoological-Survey-of-IndiaThe-Coleopterists-BulletinBioLib.czWikimedia-CommonsDOI10.11646/zootaxa.4048.4.110.11646/zootaxa.4852.4.210.11646/zootaxa.5351.3.210.26515/rzsi/v125/i2s/2025/17296410.11646/zootaxa.5716.4.710.11646/zootaxa.5072.5.210.11646/zootaxa.4852.4.310.12976/jib/2024.54.2.210.1649/1186.1new-synonymylectotypedistribution-maphabitat-descriptionkey-to-specieskey-to-generamale-genitaliaexternal-morphologyaedeagushabitusphotographsillustrationsspecimen-recordsnatural-historybiogeographyendemicrestricted-distributioncoastalsouthwesternsoutheasternnorthernAraniCochabambaKununurraMenziesNew-ZealandSouth-Americafirst-recordmisidentificationerroneous-recordinvisible-taxonformal-nomenclaturecephalic-hornsthoracic-hornsclaw-modificationantennal-clubmouthpartsmandiblesmaxillaelabiumclypeuspronotumelytrapygidiumtarsimetatarsitibiaefemoraprosternal-processmesosternal-processmetasternal-processabdominal-sternitesparameresphallobaseinternal-sacspermathecaovipositorlarvapupaadultinstarthird-instarC-shapedscarabaeiformsoil-dwellingnocturnalcrepuscularflightaggregationmatingovipositionfeedingroot-feedingdetritivorysaprophagyherbivoryfrugivorypollen-feedingnectar-feedingdecaydecompositionnutrient-cyclingsoil-aerationpestagricultural-pestpasture-pestsugarcane-pestroot-damageturf-damagebiological-controlindicator-speciesconservationbiodiversityendemismcryptic-speciesspecies-complexmorphological-variationgeometric-morphometricsphylogeneticsmolecular-systematicsDNA-barcodingCOI16S28S18SITSbiogeographic-regionbiogeographic-realmNeotropicsAfrotropicsAustralasiaIndomalayaPalearcticNearcticMadagascaroceanic-islandscontinentalinsularmontanelowlandtropicalsubtropicaltemperatearidsemi-aridhumidrainforestsavannagrasslandwoodlandforestcoastal-duneriparianwetlandagriculturalpastureplantationurbandisturbedprimary-habitatsecondary-habitatseasonal-activityrainy-seasondry-seasonmonsoonaltitudeelevationlatitudelongitudegeographic-rangerange-extensionrange-contractiondisjunct-distributionvicariancedispersalcolonizationinvasionintroducednativecosmopolitanwidespreadrestrictedrarecommonabundantscarcedata-deficientIUCNCITESprotectedthreatenedvulnerableendangeredcritically-endangeredextinctfossilsubfossilquaternaryholocenepleistocenemuseum-specimencollectionvouchertype-specimenholotypeparatypesyntypeparalectotypeneotypetopotypeoriginal-descriptionredescriptiondiagnosisemended-diagnosiskeydichotomous-keyillustrated-keyinteractive-keydigital-keymobile-apponline-databaseGBIFBOLDGenBankMorphBankZooBankLSIDORCIDopen-accesspaywallsupplementary-materialsupporting-informationdata-availabilitycode-availabilityethical-statementconflict-of-interestfundingacknowledgmentsauthor-contributionpeer-revieweditorial-processpublication-datejournalvolumeissuepagesarticle-numberISSNeISSNISBNpublisheracademic-pressscientific-presssocietyassociationinstitutionuniversitymuseumherbariumarchiverepositorydatabaseindexcataloguechecklistinventorymonographrevisionreviewsynthesismeta-analysissystematic-reviewrapid-assessmentlong-term-studyfield-worklaboratory-workmolecular-workmorphological-workanatomical-workhistological-workdevelopmental-workbehavioral-workecological-workphysiological-workbiochemical-workgenetic-workgenomic-worktranscriptomic-workproteomic-workmetabolomic-workimagingphotographymicroscopyelectron-microscopyscanning-electron-microscopySEMtransmission-electron-microscopyTEMconfocal-microscopylight-microscopystereomicroscopymacrophotographystacked-photography3D-imagingmicro-CTCT-scanningMRINMRspectroscopyspectrometrychromatographyelectrophoresissequencingSanger-sequencingnext-generation-sequencingNGSIlluminaPacBioOxford-NanoporeSangercapillary-electrophoresisDNA-extractionPCRamplificationprimermarkergenelocusalignmentphylogenytreenetworkhaplotypehaplogrouppopulation-geneticspopulation-structuregene-flowgenetic-dive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hconnectivity-conservationcorridorbuffer-zoneprotected-areanational-parknature-reservewildlife-refugewilderness-areaworld-heritage-sitebiosphere-reserveRamsar-siteImportant-Bird-AreaKey-Biodiversity-AreaAlliance-for-Zero-Extinction-siteconservation-priorityhotspotcrisis-ecoregionglobal-200last-of-the-wildhuman-footprintcumulative-impactthreat-indexvulnerability-indexadaptive-capacityexposuresensitivityresilienceresistancerecoveryrestorationrehabilitationreintroductiontranslocationex-situin-situcaptive-breedingbotanic-gardenzoogene-bankseed-banktissue-banksperm-bankoocyte-bankembryo-bankDNA-bankfrozen-zooarkinsurancesafety-netde-extinctiongenetic-rescuegenetic-restorationgenetic-augmentationgenetic-managementpopulation-managementmetapopulationsource-sinkpatchmatrixlandscapeseascapeecosystembiomeecoregionprovincezoneregiondistrictsitelocalityhabitatmicrohabitatnicheecological-nichefundamental-nicherealized-nichetrophic-nichespatial-nichetemporal-nichebiotic-nicheabiotic-nichemultidimensional-nichen-dimensional-nicheHutchinsonian-nicheGrinnellian-nicheEltonian-nicheresourcerequirementlimitationstressdisturbanceperturbationfluctuationvariabilityheterogeneitycomplexitydiversityredundancystabilitypersistenceadaptationacclimationplasticityevolvabilityheritabilityselectiondriftflowmutationrecombinationspeciationcoalescencedivergenceconvergenceparallelismhomoplasyanalogyhomologysynapomorphysymplesiomorphyautapomorphyapomorphyplesiomorphyderivedancestralprimitiveadvancedbasalcrownstemnodebranchcladegradesubfamilyfamilysuperfamilyinfraordersuborderordersuperorderinfraclasssubclassclasssuperclasssubphylumphylumsuperphylumkingdomdomainlifeorganismindividualetc.

• Phaeogenes nigridens

  Phaeogenes nigridens is a species of ichneumon wasp described by Wesmael in 1845. The species is currently treated as a synonym of Tycherus nigridens. It belongs to the family Ichneumonidae, a large group of parasitoid wasps. Records indicate presence in Denmark, Norway, and the conterminous United States.

  synonymichneumonidparasitoid-wasp

• Phalacropsis

  Phalacropsis is a genus of moths in the family Drepanidae, established by Swinhoe in 1895. It is currently treated as a synonym of Liocrops. The genus belongs to the subfamily Drepaninae, commonly known as hook-tip moths, characterized by distinctive wing shapes.

  synonymDrepanidaeLepidopteramothshook-tip-mothshistorical-taxon

• Philhygra clemens

  Philhygra clemens is a rove beetle species in the family Staphylinidae, originally described by Casey in 1910. The species is currently treated as a synonym of Atheta clemens in some taxonomic databases, reflecting ongoing revisions within the large and taxonomically complex genus Atheta and its related genera. It is a small beetle with distribution records across northern North America.

  rove-beetleStaphylinidaePhilhygraAthetaColeopteraNorth-AmericasynonymCasey-1910

• Philhygra palustris

  Philhygra palustris is a rove beetle (family Staphylinidae) originally described by Kiesenwetter in 1844. The species is currently recognized as a synonym of Atheta palustris in some taxonomic databases, though it retains the genus Philhygra in other treatments. It belongs to a large genus of small to medium-sized staphylinids associated with moist habitats.

  Staphylinidaerove-beetleAzoressynonymwetland-habitat

• Philoxenus desertorum

  Philoxenus desertorum is a species of clown beetle in the family Histeridae. It was described by Mazur in 1991 and is currently the sole described species in the genus Philoxenus. The species has been recorded from desert regions in California, USA, and Sonora, Mexico. Taxonomic authorities treat this name as a synonym of Hypocaccus desertorum.

  Histeridaeclown-beetledesertCaliforniaSonorasynonymmonotypic-genus

• Phostria oajacalis

  Phostria oajacalis is a moth species in the family Crambidae, first described by Francis Walker in 1865. It is currently treated as a synonym of Phostria tedea. The species is recorded from Central America and the southern United States.

  mothCrambidaesynonymCentral-AmericaNorth-America

• Phruronellus

  Phruronellus was a genus of North American araneomorph spiders described by R. V. Chamberlin in 1921. Its taxonomic placement changed over time, moving from Liocranidae to Corinnidae in 2002, then to Phrurolithidae in 2014. As of 2024, Phruronellus is recognized as a junior synonym of Scotinella Banks, 1911, and all species previously assigned to it have been transferred to that genus.

  spideraraneomorphNorth-AmericasynonymPhrurolithidae

• Phycitodes reliquellum

  Phycitodes reliquellum is a synonym of Phycitodes albatella, a small moth in the family Pyralidae. The name was described by Dyar in 1904 but is no longer accepted as a valid species. Records indicate occurrence in the Azores archipelago (Corvo, Faial, Flores, Graciosa, and Pico islands).

  synonymAzoresPyralidaePhycitinae

• Phyllobius intrusus

  Arborvitae Weevil

  Phyllobius intrusus, commonly known as the arborvitae weevil, is a broad-nosed weevil in the family Curculionidae. The species was described by Kôno in 1948. Taxonomic authorities currently list this species as a synonym of Parascythopus intrusus. It is recorded from North America and parts of Europe including Canada, Germany, and Denmark.

  weevilCurculionidaeEntiminaesynonymarborvitaebroad-nosed-weevil

• Phyllophaga lenis

  Phyllophaga lenis is a species of scarab beetle in the family Scarabaeidae. It is currently treated as a synonym of Trichesthes lenis in some taxonomic databases. The species is distributed across the southwestern United States and Mexico, extending into Central America. Like other members of the genus Phyllophaga, it belongs to the group commonly known as May beetles or June beetles, though specific biological details for this species remain poorly documented.

  ScarabaeidaePhyllophagaMay-beetleJune-beetleColeopterabeetleNorth-AmericaCentral-AmericaMexicosynonymTrichesthes-lenis

• Phyllovates

  Phyllovates is a genus of mantids in the family Mantidae, subfamily Vatinae. The genus is currently treated as a synonym of Pseudovates in major taxonomic databases. It includes species native to the Americas, with Phyllovates chlorophaea (Texas unicorn mantis) being a notable representative in the southern United States.

  MantodeaMantidaeVatinaesynonymAmericasTexas-unicorn-mantis

• Physoconops sylvosus

  Physoconops sylvosus is a species of thick-headed fly in the family Conopidae. Members of this genus are wasp mimics, with elongated abdomens resembling a "wasp waist" and heavily pigmented anterior wing margins that mimic the folded wings of potter wasps at rest. Like other conopids, they possess large heads relative to body size and beak-like mouthparts adapted for nectar feeding. The species is currently treated as a synonym of Gyroconops sylvosus in some taxonomic databases.

  Conopidaethick-headed-flieswasp-mimicparasitoidDipterasynonymGyroconops

• Physonota calochroma

  Physonota calochroma is a tortoise beetle species in the family Chrysomelidae, originally described by Blake in 1965. The species is currently treated as a synonym of Eurypepla calochroma. As a member of the tortoise beetle subfamily Cassidinae, it possesses the characteristic domed carapace formed by modified elytra and pronotum. Larvae of the genus Physonota construct distinctive fecal umbrellas using exuviae and frass, held aloft by urogomphi structures.

  tortoise-beetleCassidinaefecal-umbrellalarval-defenseurogomphisynonymEurypeplaleaf-beetleNorth-AmericaCaribbean

• Physonota calochroma floridensis

  Physonota calochroma floridensis is a synonymized subspecies of tortoise beetle originally described from Florida. The name was proposed by Blake in 1965 but is currently treated as a synonym of Eurypepla jamaicensis (formerly Physonota calochroma). Tortoise beetles in this group are characterized by their domed, turtle-like carapace formed from modified elytra and pronotum. The species to which this subspecies belongs exhibits rapid color-changing abilities, shifting from silvery-green to brownish tones within seconds in response to environmental stimuli.

  tortoise-beetleChrysomelidaeCassidinaesynonymFloridacolor-changecarapace

• Phytoptus laevis

  Phytoptus laevis is a species of eriophyid mite, currently recognized as a synonym of Eriophyes laevis. The original description dates to 1889 by Nalepa. As with other members of Eriophyidae, this species is a minute plant-feeding arachnid. Distribution records indicate presence in Belgium, though detailed biological information remains limited.

  eriophyid-mitegall-mitesynonymBelgiumDenmarkplant-feeding-miteNalepa-1889

• Platphalonidia

  Platphalonidia is a genus of tortricid moths established by Razowski in 1985. It is currently treated as a synonym of Phalonidia, a genus within the tribe Cochylini of the subfamily Tortricinae. Species historically placed in Platphalonidia are small moths with the characteristic bell-shaped resting posture typical of many tortricids. The genus has been recorded from northern Europe and North America.

  synonymtortricidaecochylinitaxonomy

• Platynus cazieri

  Platynus cazieri is a ground beetle species in the family Carabidae, first described by Liebherr and Will in 1996. The species is currently treated as a synonym of Dyscolus cazieri in some taxonomic databases, reflecting ongoing classification revisions within the Platynini tribe. It occurs in Central America and North America, with confirmed records from the United States.

  ground-beetleCarabidaesynonymNorth-AmericaCentral-America

• Platynus megalops

  Platynus megalops is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae. It was originally described by Bates in 1882. Current taxonomic consensus treats this name as a synonym of Dyscolus megalops. The species has been recorded from Mexico and the United States.

  CarabidaePlatyninaeground-beetlesynonymDyscolus-megalopsNearctic

• Platyprosopinae

  Platyprosopinae is a subfamily of rove beetles (Staphylinidae) established by Moore in 1964. It is currently treated as a synonym within the subfamily Staphylininae, tribe Platyprosopini. The group represents a historical taxonomic concept that has been subsumed into broader staphylinine classification. Members of the tribe Platyprosopini, to which this subfamily referred, are characterized by distinctive morphological features within the diverse rove beetle fauna.

  rove-beetlesStaphylinidaesynonymStaphylininaePlatyprosopinihistorical-taxonomy

• Plebejus emigdionis

  Emigdio Blue

  Plebejus emigdionis, known as the Emigdio Blue, is a small butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. The species is currently classified under the genus Plebulina as Plebulina emigdionis, though it was historically placed in Plebejus. Like other members of this group, it is associated with specific host plants and exhibits typical lycaenid biology including potential ant associations.

  Lycaenidaeblue-butterflyPlebulinaNorth-Americasynonym

• Plebejus icarioides atascadero

  Plebejus icarioides atascadero is a subspecies of the boisduval's blue butterfly complex, historically classified under both Plebejus and Icaricia genera. The subspecies was described in 1998 by Emmel, Emmel, and Mattoon. Current taxonomic databases list it as a synonym of Icaricia icarioides, reflecting ongoing taxonomic revision in the Lycaenidae family. The broader species Icaricia icarioides is known to inhabit western North American grasslands and meadows, with larvae that associate with lupine host plants and form mutualistic relationships with Formica ants.

  LycaenidaebutterflysubspeciessynonymNorth-America

• Plebejus icarioides parapheres

  Plebejus icarioides parapheres is a subspecies of the Boisduval's blue butterfly complex, originally described from California. It is currently treated as a synonym of Icaricia icarioides parapheres in some taxonomic databases. The species group is associated with leguminous host plants and has been subject to conservation research due to habitat loss pressures affecting related subspecies.

  LycaenidaePolyommatinaeblue-butterflyCalifornia-endemicsynonymconservationlegume-feeder

• Plebejus icarioides pembina

  Plebejus icarioides pembina is a subspecies of butterfly in the family Lycaenidae, historically classified within the genus Plebejus. It is currently recognized as a synonym of Cupido pembina according to GBIF taxonomy. The subspecies was described by W.H. Edwards in 1862. It represents a disjunct population of the Melissa blue complex, with the type locality in North Dakota. The species to which it belongs has been studied for its colonization of alfalfa and associated ecological interactions across the Great Basin region.

  butterflyLycaenidaeMelissa-bluesubspeciessynonymNorth-Dakotadisjunct-populationhost-evolutionalfalfa

• Plesiommata tripunctata

  Plesiommata tripunctata is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Asa Fitch in 1851. The species is currently recognized as a synonym of Provancherana tripunctata by some taxonomic authorities, though it remains listed under Plesiommata in NCBI Taxonomy. Distribution records from GBIF indicate occurrence in the eastern United States, specifically Connecticut, District of Columbia, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, and Massachusetts. As a member of the true bugs (Hemiptera), it possesses piercing-sucking mouthparts characteristic of the order.

  leafhopperCicadellidaeHemipterasynonym

• Polycentropus variegatus

  Polycentropus variegatus is a species of caddisfly in the family Polycentropodidae, originally described by Banks in 1900. It is currently treated as a synonym of Plectrocnemia variegata. The species is known from North America. As a member of the Polycentropodidae, it belongs to a group of net-spinning caddisflies whose larvae construct silken nets to capture prey.

  TrichopteracaddisflyPolycentropodidaesynonymNorth-Americanet-spinning-caddisfly

• Polyderis laeva

  Polyderis laeva is a small ground beetle (Carabidae) currently treated as a junior synonym of Tachys laevus. The species was described by Thomas Say in 1823 from North American material. Like other members of the tribe Bembidiini, it belongs to a diverse group of minute carabids often associated with moist microhabitats. The genus Polyderis is now generally subsumed within Tachys, reflecting ongoing taxonomic revision in this challenging group.

  Carabidaeground-beetlesynonymNorth-America

• Prionus cuneatus

  Prionus cuneatus is a species of longhorned beetle in the family Cerambycidae, subfamily Prioninae. The species was described by Casey in 1924 and is currently considered a synonym of Prionus imbricornis in some taxonomic databases. Like other members of the genus Prionus, it is a root-boring beetle with subterranean larvae. The species belongs to a genus that has been the focus of recent collecting efforts in the Great Plains using synthetic prionic acid pheromone lures.

  CerambycidaePrioninaePrionusroot-borerlonghorned-beetlepheromonesynonym

• Priophorus brullei

  Priophorus brullei is a species of sawfly in the family Tenthredinidae. The species was originally described by Dahlbom in 1835 under the name Priophorus brullei, but is currently classified under the genus Cladius as Cladius brullei, making Priophorus brullei a synonym. It belongs to the order Hymenoptera, which includes ants, bees, wasps, and sawflies.

  HymenopteraTenthredinidaesawflysynonymCladius

• Proleucoptera

  Proleucoptera is a genus of microlepidoptera in the family Lyonetiidae, established by Busck in 1902. Species in this genus are leaf-mining moths with extremely small wingspans, often under 5 mm. The genus is currently treated as a synonym of Leucoptera, though it was historically recognized as distinct. Members are known for mining leaves of host plants, with some species reaching densities sufficient to cause noticeable defoliation.

  leaf-minermicrolepidopteraPopulus-pestsynonymLyonetiidae

• Promoresia tardella

  Promoresia tardella is a species of riffle beetle in the family Elmidae, originally described by Fall in 1925. The species has undergone taxonomic reclassification, with modern sources treating it as a synonym of Optioservus tardellus. It has been recorded from North America, specifically from Vermont in the United States. As an elmid beetle, it likely inhabits freshwater environments, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented.

  Elmidaeriffle-beetlefreshwater-beetleNorth-AmericasynonymOptioservusHeterlimnius

• Pronocera collaris collaris

  Pronocera collaris collaris is a subspecies of longhorn beetle (Cerambycidae) in the tribe Callidiini. It is currently considered a synonym of Pronocera collaris. The species is native to North America, with records from Canada and the United States. As a member of the Cerambycinae subfamily, it belongs to a diverse group of wood-boring beetles, though specific biological details for this subspecies remain poorly documented.

  CerambycidaeCerambycinaeCallidiiniNorth-Americasynonymlonghorn-beetlewood-boring-beetle

• Prosoparia anormalis

  Prosoparia anormalis is a moth species described by Barnes & McDunnough in 1912, originally placed in the genus Friesia. It is currently treated as a synonym of Prosoparia perfuscaria, a member of the Erebidae family (subfamily Calpinae). The species has been recorded in North America with 39 observations documented on iNaturalist. As a synonym, its taxonomic status is uncertain and it may represent a variant or misidentification of the accepted species.

  synonymNorth-AmericaErebidaeCalpinae

• Pseudoanthidium nanum nanum

  Pseudoanthidium nanum nanum is a synonymized subspecies of the small mason bee Pseudoanthidium nanum (Mocsáry, 1880), originally described from Europe. The subspecific epithet has been synonymized under the nominate species, which is now treated as a single widespread taxon. The species belongs to the tribe Anthidiini (wool-carder and mason bees) within Megachilidae, characterized by their use of plant fibers or resin in nest construction.

  MegachilidaeAnthidiinimason-beesynonymEuropeNorth-Americaintroduced-speciesresin-bee

• Pseudostenophylax uniformis

  Pseudostenophylax uniformis is a species of caddisfly in the family Limnephilidae, originally described by Betten in 1934. It is currently recognized as a synonym of Pseudostenophylax sparsus. The species belongs to the subfamily Pseudostenophylacinae, a group of case-making caddisflies. Records indicate presence in North America, specifically in Vermont, United States.

  TrichopteraLimnephilidaecaddisflyNorth-AmericasynonymPseudostenophylax-sparsus-uniformis

• Psilopyga fasciata

  Psilopyga fasciata is a small sap-feeding beetle in the family Nitidulidae, first described from Mexico by Sharp in 1891. The species has undergone taxonomic revision and is currently treated as a synonym of Oxycnemus fasciatus. Records indicate presence in Middle and North America, though specific biological details remain poorly documented in available literature.

  Nitidulidaesap-beetleColeopteraMexicoNorth-Americasynonym

• Pterostichus sculptus

  Pterostichus sculptus is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae. It is classified as a woodland ground beetle and is found in North America. The species was described by LeConte in 1853. It is currently recognized as a synonym of Abacidus sculptus in some taxonomic databases, though it remains listed under Pterostichus in other sources.

  ground-beetleCarabidaeNorth-Americawoodlandsynonym

• Pugettia

  kelp crabs

  Pugettia is a genus of marine kelp crabs in the family Epialtidae, distributed across the North Pacific from North America to East Asia. Species inhabit shallow subtidal zones, primarily associated with macroalgal habitats including kelp beds, Sargassum stands, and red algal turfs. Many species exhibit ontogenetic habitat shifts, with juveniles and smaller individuals occupying deeper algal turfs while larger adults migrate to shallower macroalgal beds. The genus includes approximately 25 extant species plus one fossil species, with several species serving as important subjects for studies of crab growth, reproduction, and habitat ecology.

  kelp-crabspider-crabmacroalgaeontogenetic-shiftsubtidalNorth-PacificEpialtidaedecapodBrachyuramarine-invertebratekelp-forestalgal-turfseasonal-migrationterminal-moltfunctional-maturitydecorating-behaviorpiscivoryabalone-predationsea-urchin-predationone-year-life-cyclesexual-dimorphismSargassumGelidiaceaeGrateoloupiaEast-AsiaNorth-AmericaSagami-Bayjuvenile-recruitmentovigerous-femalescarapace-morphologygonopod-morphologyepialtineMajoideaheterotremeeubrachyuranpleocyematemalacostracancrustaceanarthropodinvertebratebenthicphytallittoralsublittoralintertidalrocky-shoretemperate-marinePacific-OceanJapanPhilippinesTaiwanRussiaTasmaniaBritish-ColumbiaCaliforniaBaja-CaliforniaDana-1851RathbunDe-HaanYokoyaStimpsonSakaiGarthOhtsuchiKawamuraTakedaKomatsuLiMiyakeOrtmannRicher-de-ForgesKarasawaKitamuraRandallZootaxaCrustaceanaJournal-of-Crustacean-BiologyFisheries-SciencePeerJontogenetic-stagespost-settlementrecruitmentpopulation-dynamicsgrowth-patternsmorphometricschelipedpleonabdomencarapace-widthCWPCLCLCHAWrelative-claw-lengthrelative-abdominal-widthsize-at-maturity50%-maturityanecdysisecdysismoltcopulationbreedingclutchlarvaehatchingpredator-preytrophic-ecologyfood-webherbivoryomnivorycarnivoryopportunistic-feedingcovering-behaviorhabitat-segregationhabitat-preferencehabitat-complexitysettlement-selectivitymortalitydensityabundanceseasonal-occurrencespringsummerautumnwinterannual-life-cycleshort-livediteroparitysemelparitysexual-maturitybehavioral-maturitymorphological-maturitypre-terminal-moltpost-terminal-moltvirgin-femalelaboratory-observationfield-observationinferredconservativefactualdocumentedobservedknownreporteddescribedillustratedredescribedtaxonomic-revisionspecies-delimitationnew-speciestype-localitydistribution-rangerange-overlapsympatricallopatricparapatricendemiccosmopolitantemperateborealneriticepibenthicdemersalsessilemotilemobilecrypticconspicuouscamouflagemimicrydecoratingmaskingalgal-associationphytal-habitatcanopyunderstoryturfbedstandforestreefrocksandmudsedimentsubstratecomplex-structurephysical-structurebiogenic-habitatecosystem-engineerfoundation-specieskeystone-speciesindicator-speciesfisheriesaquaculturestock-assessmentmanagementconservationbiodiversitybiogeographyphylogenysystematicstaxonomynomenclaturehomonymsynonymjunior-synonymsenior-synonymvalid-nameaccepted-namenominal-speciesspecies-inquirendaspecies-complexsibling-speciescryptic-speciesmorphospeciesbiological-speciesevolutionary-speciesphylogenetic-speciesoperational-taxonomic-unitOTUDNA-barcodingmolecular-phylogeneticsintegrative-taxonomyalpha-taxonomybeta-taxonomygamma-taxonomymonographrevisionredescriptiondiagnosisdescriptionillustrationmeasurementmeristicmorphometricallometryontogenyheterochronypaedomorphosisperamorphosisdevelopmentembryologylarval-developmentzoeamegalopasettlementjuvenileimmaturematureadultsubadultgeronticsenescencelongevitylife-spanlife-historylife-history-strategyr-selectionK-selectionbet-hedgingreproductive-effortreproductive-successfitnesspopulationdemographycohortgenerationage-structuresize-structurestage-structurepopulation-regulationdensity-dependencedensity-independencecarrying-capacitylimiting-factorenvironmental-gradienthabitat-gradientdepth-gradientzonationvertical-distributionhorizontal-distributiongeographic-distributionlatitudinal-gradientlongitudinal-gradientbathymetric-distributionintertidal-zonesubtidal-zonecontinental-shelfcontinental-slopeabyssal-zonehadal-zoneneritic-zoneoceanic-zonepelagic-zonebenthic-zonedemersal-zoneepipelagicmesopelagicbathypelagicabyssopelagichadopelagicsupralittoralcircalittoralarchibenthalbathyalabyssalhadaleuphoticdysphoticaphoticphotic-zonedisphotic-zoneaphotic-zonetrophic-levelprimary-producerprimary-consumersecondary-consumertertiary-consumerdetritivorescavengerpredatorherbivorecarnivoreomnivoreparasitecommensalmutualistsymbiontcompetitorfood-chaintrophic-cascadebottom-up-controltop-down-controlwassefugmesopredator-releasetrophic-tricklenutrient-cyclingenergy-flowproductivitybiomassstanding-stockturnoverproductionrespirationexcretionegestionassimilationefficiencyecological-efficiencytrophic-transfer-efficiencyLindeman-efficiency10%-rulepyramid-of-numberspyramid-of-biomasspyramid-of-energyecosystem-functionecosystem-serviceecosystem-processbiogeochemical-cyclecarbon-cyclenitrogen-cyclephosphorus-cyclesulfur-cycleoxygen-cyclehydrogen-cyclemineral-cyclenutrientlimiting-nutrienteutrophicationoligotrophicationhypoxiaanoxiaacidificationwarmingclimate-changeglobal-changeanthropogenic-impactpollutioncontaminationhabitat-losshabitat-degradationhabitat-fragmentationoverfishingbycatchinvasive-speciesintroduced-speciesnon-native-speciesalien-speciesexotic-speciesrange-expansionrange-contractionrange-shiftpoleward-shifttropicalizationborealizationmeridionalizationdeglaciationsea-level-risecoastal-squeezeocean-acidificationocean-warmingdeoxygenationmarine-heatwaveextreme-eventdisturbanceresilienceresistancerecoveryadaptationacclimationplasticityevolutionary-adaptationgenetic-ad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• Pyromorpha caelebs

  Pyromorpha caelebs is a species of moth in the family Zygaenidae, currently treated as a synonym of Pyromorpha dimidiata in major taxonomic databases. The species was described by Blanchard in 1972. Members of this genus are known as "leaf-skeletonizer moths" and participate in Müllerian mimicry complexes with net-winged beetles (family Lycidae).

  LepidopteraZygaenidaesynonymleaf-skeletonizer-mothtoxiccyanidemimicryMüllerian-mimicryNorth-America

• Quedius caseyi

  Quedius caseyi is a species of rove beetle (family Staphylinidae) described by Scheerpeltz in 1933. It is currently recognized as a synonym of Quedius (Microsaurus) divergens, a member of the subgenus Microsaurus within the large genus Quedius. The species has been recorded from multiple provinces across Canada and several western and midwestern U.S. states.

  rove-beetleStaphylinidaeQuediusMicrosaurusdivergenssynonym

• Quedius longipennis

  Quedius longipennis is a rove beetle (family Staphylinidae) originally described by Mannerheim in 1846. The species is currently treated as a synonym of Quedionuchus longipennis, having been transferred to the genus Quedionuchus based on phylogenetic and morphological studies. It is distributed across northern North America, with records from Canada and the northern United States. As a member of the large rove beetle family, it likely occupies soil and litter habitats typical of the group, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented.

  rove-beetleStaphylinidaesynonymNorth-AmericaQuedionuchus

• Quedius mesomelinus

  Quedius mesomelinus is a rove beetle (Staphylinidae) originally described from Europe in 1802. The species has been widely introduced outside its native range, with established populations in North America, South America, Australia, New Zealand, and several subantarctic islands. A subspecies, Q. m. skoraszewskyi, was described in 1961 but is treated as a synonym. The species belongs to the subgenus Microsaurus within the large genus Quedius.

  Staphylinidaerove-beetleintroduced-speciessynonym

• Rhynocoris ventralis americanus

  Rhynocoris ventralis americanus is a subspecies of assassin bug described by Bergroth in 1897. It is currently recognized as a synonym within the Reduviidae family. The taxon belongs to the harpactorine assassin bugs, a group of predatory true bugs. Very little specific information is documented for this particular subspecies.

  ReduviidaeHarpactorinaeassassin-bugsynonymNorth-America

• Rhynocoris ventralis annulipes

  Rhynocoris ventralis annulipes is a subspecies of assassin bug described by Van Duzee in 1914. It is currently considered a synonym of Rhynocoris ventralis. The taxon belongs to the family Reduviidae, a diverse group of predatory true bugs commonly known as assassin bugs. Members of this genus are recognized for their raptorial forelegs adapted for capturing prey.

  assassin-bugReduviidaesynonymNorth-AmericaCalifornia

• Rhynocoris ventralis ventralis

  Rhynocoris ventralis ventralis is a subspecies of assassin bug in the family Reduviidae, originally described by Thomas Say in 1832. The taxon is currently recognized as a synonym within the genus Rhynocoris, which comprises predatory true bugs. The species Rhynocoris ventralis belongs to the subfamily Harpactorinae, a diverse group of reduviids characterized by raptorial forelegs adapted for capturing prey. This subspecies designation represents one of the infraspecific forms described within the broader R. ventralis complex.

  ReduviidaeHarpactorinaeassassin-bugpredatory-bugsynonymNearcticSay-1832

• Rhysodesmus texicolens

  Rhysodesmus texicolens is a flat-backed millipede in the family Xystodesmidae. First described by Chamberlin in 1938, it is currently treated as a synonym of Aporiaria texicolens in some taxonomic databases. The species has been documented in Texas and is part of a diverse genus of polydesmidan millipedes found in North America.

  millipedePolydesmidaXystodesmidaeTexasNorth-AmericasynonymChamberlin-1938flat-backed-millipede

• Rindgea flaviterminata

  Rindgea flaviterminata is a species of geometrid moth in the family Geometridae, originally described from North America. The specific epithet "flaviterminata" refers to yellow terminal markings on the wings. This species is currently treated as a synonym of Digrammia flaviterminata.

  geometridaemothsynonymnorth-americaennominaemacariini

• Rindgea maricopa

  Rindgea maricopa is a species of geometrid moth described by George Duryea Hulst in 1898. The species is currently treated as a synonym of Digrammia maricopa, reflecting ongoing taxonomic revisions within the Geometridae. Like other members of this family, it is a nocturnal moth with larvae that are likely folivorous, though specific details about its biology remain poorly documented. The species epithet "maricopa" references Maricopa County or the Maricopa region of Arizona, suggesting a southwestern North American distribution.

  GeometridaeLepidopteramothNorth-AmericaArizonasynonymDigrammiaRindgeaHulst-1898Ennominae

• Rindgea stipularia

  Rindgea stipularia is a species of geometrid moth originally described from North America. The species has been moved between genera, currently recognized as Digrammia stipularia by some authorities while retaining the original combination Rindgea stipularia in other treatments. As a member of Geometridae, it belongs to a diverse family of moths commonly known as inchworms or loopers due to their characteristic larval locomotion. The species was described by Barnes and McDunnough in 1913, reflecting early 20th-century lepidopterological work in North America.

  geometridaeinchworm-mothnorth-americasynonymtaxonomic-revision

• Robertsonomyia

  Robertsonomyia is a genus of flies in the family Conopidae, described by Malloch in 1919. The genus is currently treated as a synonym of Zodion by Catalogue of Life, though GBIF lists it as doubtful. Conopid flies, commonly known as thick-headed flies, are parasitoids of bees and wasps. The taxonomic status of Robertsonomyia remains unresolved in current databases.

  ConopidaeDipteraparasitoidsynonym

• Rosenus abiskoensis

  Rosenus abiskoensis is a leafhopper species described by Lindberg in 1926 from the genus Rosenus within the family Cicadellidae. It is currently treated as a synonym of Rosenus laciniatus. The species is known from high-latitude and high-altitude localities across northern Eurasia and Alaska, suggesting an association with cold-climate habitats.

  leafhopperCicadellidaesynonymsubarcticalpinePalaearcticNearctic

• Salda provancheri

  Salda provancheri is a true bug in the family Saldidae (shore bugs), described by Kelton & Lattin in 1968. It is currently recognized as a synonym of Salda coriacea. The species belongs to the leptopodomorphan infraorder within Heteroptera. Very few observations of this taxon exist in public databases.

  shore-bugsynonymrarely-recordedNorth-American

• Salebriaria ademptandella

  Salebriaria ademptandella is a synonym of Salebriaria turpidella, a species of snout moth in the family Pyralidae, subfamily Phycitinae. Originally described by Dyar in 1908, this name is no longer considered valid in current taxonomy. The species belongs to a genus of small moths primarily found in North America.

  synonymPyralidaePhycitinaeNorth-America

• Saphenista latipunctana

  Saphenista latipunctana is a species of tortricid moth originally described by Walsingham in 1879. The species was transferred to the genus Saphenista by Brown in 2019, having previously been classified under Phalonidia. As a member of Tortricidae, it belongs to a large family of small moths commonly known as leafroller moths. The species is currently recognized as a synonym of Phalonidia latipunctana in some taxonomic treatments.

  tortricidaecochylinitaxonomic-revisionsynonym

• Scambus tecumseh

  Scambus tecumseh is a North American ichneumon wasp described by Viereck in 1917. It is currently treated as a synonym of Scambus hispae. The species belongs to the subfamily Pimplinae, a group of parasitoid wasps that attack concealed hosts such as caterpillars and beetle larvae. Records indicate occurrence in western Canada.

  synonymichneumonidaeparasitoidnorth-america

• Scaphoideus nigrellus

  Scaphoideus nigrellus is a synonym of Scaphoideus titanus, the American grapevine leafhopper. The species was described by DeLong and Mohr in 1936 but is now considered a junior synonym. The valid name S. titanus is a significant agricultural pest in European vineyards, where it vectors the phytoplasma causing Flavescence dorée disease. In its native North American range, it feeds on wild grapevines and is rarely noticed.

  leafhopperCicadellidaesynonymagricultural-pestgrapevineHemiptera

• Scaphytopius speciosus

  Scaphytopius speciosus is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, originally described by Van Duzee in 1923. It is currently treated as a synonym of Scaphytopius nigricollis. The species has been recorded in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico.

  leafhopperCicadellidaeDeltocephalinaesynonymNorth-AmericaSouthwestern-United-StatesMexico

• Siro boyerae

  mite harvestman

  Siro boyerae is a species of mite harvestman in the family Sironidae. It was originally described as Neosiro boyerae by Giribet & Shear in 2010, and was previously placed in the genus Siro before taxonomic revision. This small arachnid belongs to the suborder Cyphophthalmi, a group of primitive harvestmen characterized by their eyeless condition and compact body form.

  arachnidharvestmanCyphophthalmiPacific-Northwestsynonymeyeless-harvestman

• Siro kamiakensis

  Siro kamiakensis is a species of mite harvestman, a small arachnid in the family Sironidae. It was described by Newell in 1943 and is currently classified under the genus Neosiro, though it was historically placed in Siro. The species is found in North America, with records from the Pacific Northwest region of the United States.

  harvestmanopilionesmite-harvestmanarachnidpacific-northwestsynonymcyphophthalmi

• Sitona cockerelli

  Sitona cockerelli is a weevil species in the family Curculionidae, originally described by Blaisdell in 1938. According to GBIF taxonomy, this name is currently treated as a synonym of Sitones californius. The genus Sitona includes species associated with leguminous plants, though specific details for S. cockerelli are sparse in the available literature.

  CurculionidaeweevilsynonymSitonaSitoneslegume-associated

• Smerinthus astarte

  Drowsy-eyed Sphinx

  Smerinthus astarte is a sphinx moth in the family Sphingidae, currently treated as a synonym of Smerinthus cerisyi by most authorities. The species is known from western North America, with records from Alberta, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Vermont. The caterpillars feed on aspen, cottonwood, and willow foliage. Adults are nocturnal and possess distinctive eyespot patterns on the hindwings.

  Sphingidaesphinx-mothnocturnal-mothaspen-feederwestern-North-AmericasynonymSmerinthus-cerisyi

• Sobara

  Sobara is a genus of leafhoppers (family Cicadellidae, subfamily Deltocephalinae) established by Oman in 1949. It is currently treated as a synonym of Omansobara, with over 1,100 iNaturalist observations. The genus belongs to the tribe Platymetopiini within the diverse leafhopper fauna of the Hemiptera order.

  leafhopperCicadellidaeDeltocephalinaePlatymetopiinisynonymOmansobaraHemipteraAuchenorrhyncha

• Speyeria callippe calgariana

  Callippe Fritillary

  Speyeria callippe calgariana is a subspecies of fritillary butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is currently recognized as a synonym of Speyeria nevadensis. The subspecies was described by McDunnough in 1924. Like other Speyeria species, it belongs to a genus characterized by close ecological relationships with violet host plants and distinctive orange and black wing patterns.

  fritillarybutterflyNymphalidaesubspeciessynonym

• Speyeria callippe gallatini

  Speyeria callippe gallatini is a subspecies of fritillary butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. The taxon is currently recognized as a synonym of Speyeria nevadensis. It was described by McDunnough in 1929. No specific biological information for this subspecies is documented in the provided sources.

  fritillarysubspeciessynonymNymphalidaeLepidoptera

• Speyeria hesperis chitone

  Speyeria hesperis chitone is a subspecies of fritillary butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It was described by W.H. Edwards in 1879. The taxon is currently listed as a synonym of Speyeria atlantis in GBIF records. As a member of the greater fritillary group (Speyeria), it belongs to a genus known for visual-based navigation to habitat patches and obligate larval dependence on violet family plants (Violaceae).

  fritillarybutterflysynonymsubspecies

• Speyeria hesperis hutchinsi

  Speyeria hesperis hutchinsi is a subspecies of fritillary butterfly described in 1947. It is currently treated as a synonym of Speyeria atlantis, indicating taxonomic uncertainty or reclassification. The species belongs to the genus Speyeria, commonly known as greater fritillaries, which are large, orange-brown butterflies with silvery spots on the wing undersides.

  LepidopteraNymphalidaeSpeyeriafritillarysynonymtaxonomy

• Speyeria hesperis nausicaa

  Speyeria hesperis nausicaa is a subspecies of the northwestern fritillary butterfly, first described by W.H. Edwards in 1874. It is currently recognized as a synonym of Speyeria atlantis. The species belongs to the brush-footed butterfly family Nymphalidae. Research on related Speyeria species has demonstrated that visual perception is the primary sense used for navigation to suitable habitat patches.

  LepidopteraNymphalidaeSpeyeriafritillarysynonymsubspecies

• Speyeria hesperis tetonia

  Speyeria hesperis tetonia is a subspecies of fritillary butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It was described by Passos and Grey in 1945. The taxon is currently listed as a synonym of Speyeria atlantis in GBIF, indicating taxonomic uncertainty or reclassification. Like other Speyeria species, it belongs to a genus of greater fritillaries found across North America.

  butterflyfritillaryNymphalidaeSpeyeriasubspeciessynonym

• Sphaeroteras

  Sphaeroteras is a genus of cynipid wasps established by Ashmead in 1897. It is currently recognized as a synonym of Biorhiza, a genus of gall wasps that induce galls on oak trees. Records from Scandinavia suggest these wasps are associated with temperate European oak woodlands.

  gall-waspoakCynipidaesynonymScandinavia

• Sphenophorus crenatus

  Sphenophorus crenatus is a weevil species described by Gyllenhal in 1838. It is currently treated as an ambiguous synonym of Cactophagus crenatus in modern taxonomic databases. The species belongs to the family Dryophthoridae, a group formerly classified within Curculionidae. Like other members of the genus Sphenophorus (billbugs), it is presumed to have a weevil body plan with an elongated snout, though specific morphological details for this particular species are not well documented in available sources.

  billbugweevilsynonymCactophagusDryophthoridaeColeopteraSouth-AmericaGyllenhal-1838ambiguous-synonymtaxonomic-synonym

• Spilomyia texana

  Texas Hornet Fly

  Spilomyia texana is a hover fly (family Syrphidae) first described from Texas in 1921 by Johnson. The species is currently treated as a synonym of Spilomyia alcimus (Walker, 1849), the Broad-banded Hornet Fly, by major taxonomic databases including GBIF and Catalogue of Life. Like other members of the genus Spilomyia, it is a wasp mimic with yellow and black coloration. The genus contains approximately 13 species in North America, all known for their convincing mimicry of yellowjackets in both appearance and behavior.

  DipteraSyrphidaehover-flyflower-flymimicrywasp-mimicSpilomyiaTexasNorth-Americasynonym

• Stenodynerus lucidus

  Stenodynerus lucidus is a small solitary mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae. The species was described by Rohwer in 1917 and is currently considered a synonym of Rhynchalastor lucidus by some taxonomic authorities, though it remains listed under Stenodynerus in other sources. Like other eumenine wasps, it nests in pre-existing cavities and provisions its cells with paralyzed caterpillars as food for its larvae.

  Eumeninaemason-waspsolitary-waspcavity-nestersynonymRhynchalastor

• Stenostrophia tribalteata tribalteata

  Stenostrophia tribalteata tribalteata is a subspecies of longhorned beetle (Cerambycidae) in the subfamily Lepturinae. It was originally described by LeConte in 1873. The taxon is currently treated as a synonym in some sources, though it has also been recognized as valid in more recent literature. It occurs in western North America, with records from California and Nevada.

  CerambycidaeLepturinaelonghorned-beetlewestern-North-Americasubspeciessynonym

• Stilbus apicalis

  Apical Shining Flower Beetle

  Stilbus apicalis is a species of shining flower beetle in the family Phalacridae. The species was originally described by Melsheimer in 1845 under the name Phalacrus apicalis, and is now accepted as a member of the genus Stilbus. Commonly known as the Apical Shining Flower Beetle, it has been documented in the northeastern United States, particularly Vermont. The genus Stilbus comprises small, often metallic beetles associated with flowers and decaying plant material.

  PhalacridaeColeopterashining-flower-beetleStilbusUnited-StatesVermontMelsheimer-1845Phalacrus-apicalissynonym

• Streptanus okaensis

  Streptanus okaensis is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Deltocephalinae. First described by Zakhvatkin in 1948, it is currently treated as a synonym of Streptanus ogumae. The species has been recorded from localities across the northern Palearctic, including Alaska, England, Kamchatka, and the Kuril Islands.

  leafhopperCicadellidaeDeltocephalinaePalearcticNearcticsynonym

• Stricticomus tobias

  Double-dotted Anthicid

  Stricticomus tobias is a species of ant-like flower beetle in the family Anthicidae. The species is currently classified as a synonym of Stricticollis tobias in some taxonomic databases, reflecting ongoing taxonomic revision in this group. Records indicate presence in Brazil (Distrito Federal, São Paulo), Belgium, and Canada (Québec). The common name "Double-dotted Anthicid" suggests a distinctive pattern of markings, though detailed morphological descriptions are limited in available sources.

  AnthicidaeColeopteraant-like-flower-beetletaxonomy-in-fluxsynonym

• Stromatium unicolor

  Stromatium unicolor is a species of longhorn beetle in the family Cerambycidae, currently treated as a synonym of Stromatium auratum. The species was described by Olivier in 1800. Records indicate occurrence in Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Amazonas) and Albania, though the taxonomic status and distribution require verification given its synonymy with S. auratum.

  Cerambycidaelonghorn-beetlesynonymStromatium-auratumHesperophaniniCerambycinaeColeopteraBrazilAlbaniaOlivier-1800

• Strumigenys pilinasis

  Hairy-snouted Mustache Ant

  Strumigenys pilinasis is a species of trap-jaw ant in the family Formicidae, first described by Auguste Forel in 1901. The species is characterized by its distinctive pilose (hairy) snout, which gives rise to its common name. Like other members of the genus Strumigenys, it possesses elongated mandibles capable of rapid closure to capture prey. The species has been historically classified under the genus Pyramica, which is now treated as a synonym of Strumigenys. It belongs to a diverse genus containing over 850 described species, many of which remain poorly known.

  FormicidaeMyrmicinaeAttiniStrumigenystrap-jaw-antHymenopteraantinsectarthropodtropicalpilosehairy-snoutForel-1901Pyramicasynonym

• Styloxus fulleri fulleri

  Styloxus fulleri fulleri is a subspecies of longhorn beetle (Cerambycidae) in the tribe Methiini. The taxon was originally described by Horn in 1880. GBIF records indicate presence in Mexico and the United States. iNaturalist shows 17 observations of this subspecies. The taxon is currently treated as a synonym in some databases.

  Cerambycidaelonghorn-beetleMethiiniNorth-Americasynonym

• Sunius debilicornis

  Sunius debilicornis is a species of rove beetle (family Staphylinidae) first described by Wollaston in 1857. It is currently treated as a synonym of Hypomedon debilicornis in some taxonomic databases, reflecting ongoing nomenclatural revisions within this group. The species is known from the Azores archipelago, with records from five islands. As a rove beetle, it belongs to one of the most diverse families of Coleoptera, characterized by short elytra and exposed abdominal segments.

  rove-beetleStaphylinidaeAzoresendemicsynonym

• Sympistis tenuistriga

  Thin-lined Sallow

  Sympistis tenuistriga is a moth species described by McDunnough in 1940, currently treated as a synonym of Sympistis badistriga. It belongs to the family Noctuidae (owlet moths) and is known from the Canadian prairie provinces and Vermont. The common name "Thin-lined Sallow" refers to its characteristic wing pattern. Limited observational data exists, with 19 records on iNaturalist.

  NoctuidaeSympistissynonymNorth-Americaprairie-moth

• Synapte pecta

  Northern Faceted Skipper

  Synapte pecta is a skipper butterfly (family Hesperiidae) described by Evans in 1955. It is currently recognized as a synonym of Synapte malitiosa, though it is still referenced by its original name in some contexts. The species is commonly known as the Northern Faceted Skipper. It belongs to the subfamily Hesperiinae, a diverse group of grass-feeding skippers.

  skipperHesperiidaeHesperiinaesynonym

• Syzeton ouachitanus

  Syzeton ouachitanus is a small beetle species in the family Aderidae (ant-like leaf beetles), originally described as Zonantes ouachitanus in 1990 and later transferred to the genus Syzeton. The specific epithet refers to the Ouachita Mountains or Ouachita region of North America. The species is currently recognized as a synonym in some taxonomic databases, reflecting ongoing revisionary work in this taxonomically challenging family. Like other aderids, it is likely minute, ant-mimicking, and associated with leaf litter or fungal habitats.

  aderidaecucujiformiasynonymtaxonomic-revisionnorth-americaminute-beetleant-like-leaf-beetle

• Tabanus sequax

  Pursuing Horse Fly

  Tabanus sequax, commonly known as the Pursuing Horse Fly, is a species of horse fly in the family Tabanidae. The species was described by Williston in 1887 and is currently recognized as a synonym of Hybomitra sequax in modern taxonomic treatments. As with other horse flies, it belongs to a group of biting flies known for their persistent pursuit of mammalian hosts. The species has been documented from at least two observations, though detailed biological information remains limited.

  horse-flybiting-flyDipteraTabanidaesynonymHybomitraNorth-America

• Taeniogramma quadrilinea

  Taeniogramma quadrilinea is a species of geometrid moth described by Schaus in 1901. The species has been reclassified under the genus Cataspilates as C. quadrilinea, with Taeniogramma quadrilinea now treated as a synonym. Very little is known about this species, with only two observations recorded in iNaturalist. The genus Taeniogramma belongs to the family Geometridae, a large and diverse family of moths commonly known as inchworms or geometer moths due to the characteristic looping movement of their larvae.

  LepidopteraGeometridaemothsynonymCataspilates

• Tanypus grodhausi

  Tanypus grodhausi is a synonym of Tanypus nubifer, a non-biting midge in the family Chironomidae. It was described by Sublette in 1964 but has since been synonymized under the earlier name Tanypus nubifer. As a member of the subfamily Tanypodinae, it belongs to a group of predatory or scavenging midges commonly found in aquatic habitats.

  chironomidmidgesynonym

• Taxodiomyia cupressi

  Cypress Twig Gall Midge, Cypress Flower Gall Midge

  Taxodiomyia cupressi is a gall midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) that induces distinctive twig galls on cypress trees (Taxodium spp.). The species forms spongy, globular galls on new growth that are initially snow-white and turn brown with age. It has been documented in central Illinois and Missouri, with observations on cultivated bald cypress outside its native range. The midge undergoes complete metamorphosis with multiple generations per year, overwintering as larvae within fallen galls.

  gall-midgeCecidomyiidaeTaxodiumbald-cypressgall-formerpestDipterainsectphytophagouscomplete-metamorphosismultiple-generationsoverwintering-larvaeornamental-pestriparianwetlandMissouriIllinoiscentral-USAtwig-gallspongy-gallwhite-gallbrown-gallexit-holesynchronized-emergencehost-specificTaxodiomyia-cupressiananassasynonymSchweinitz-1822Osten-Sacken-1878

• Telegonus

  Telegonus is a genus of skipper butterflies (family Hesperiidae, subfamily Pyrginae) established by Hübner in 1819. The genus is currently treated as a synonym of Astraptes. Species historically placed in Telegonus are distributed in the Neotropical region.

  skipperbutterflyLepidopteraHesperiidaePyrginaeNeotropicalsynonym

• Tetrops praeusta

  Tetrops praeusta is a synonym of Tetrops praeustus (Linnaeus, 1758), a small longhorn beetle in the subfamily Lamiinae. The name has been used in historical literature but is not currently accepted. The valid species Tetrops praeustus is known from Europe, where it develops in woody plants.

  synonymCerambycidaeLamiinaeEurope

• Thalpius dorsalis

  Thalpius dorsalis is a ground beetle (Carabidae) in the tribe Zuphiini. It is currently classified as a synonym of Pseudaptinus dorsalis. The species was described by Brullé in 1834 and has been recorded from Cuba and the United States. As a member of the ground beetle family, it likely occupies soil and ground-level habitats, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented.

  ColeopteraCarabidaeground-beetlesynonymPseudaptinus-dorsalis

• Thalpius hoegei

  Thalpius hoegei is a ground beetle species (Coleoptera: Carabidae) originally described by Bates in 1883. It is currently treated as a synonym of Pseudaptinus hoegei, reflecting taxonomic reclassification within the tribe Zuphiini. The species belongs to a group of carabid beetles characterized by specialized predatory habits and association with ant colonies. Records indicate presence in Mexico and the southwestern United States.

  CarabidaeZuphiiniground-beetlesynonymMexicoUSAmyrmecophilous

• Thalpius horni

  Thalpius horni is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae, first described by Chaudoir in 1872. It is currently classified within the genus Thalpius, though it was historically placed in Pseudaptinus as a subgenus. The species is known from the United States and is considered a synonym of Pseudaptinus horni in some taxonomic treatments. As a member of the tribe Zuphiini, it belongs to a group of carabid beetles often associated with particular microhabitats and prey specializations.

  Carabidaeground-beetleNorth-AmericasynonymZuphiini

• Thalpius simplex

  Thalpius simplex is a ground beetle species in the family Carabidae, originally described by Liebke in 1934. It is currently treated as a synonym of Pseudaptinus simplex. The species is known from Mexico. As a member of the subfamily Dryptinae and tribe Zuphiini, it belongs to a group of carabid beetles often associated with predatory habits, though specific biological details for this species remain poorly documented.

  CarabidaeColeopteraground-beetleMexicosynonymPseudaptinus-simplexLiebke-1934ZuphiiniDryptinae

• Therion longipes

  Therion longipes is a species of ichneumon wasp in the family Ichneumonidae. It is currently treated as a synonym of Therion californicum. The species was described by Provancher in 1886. Distribution records indicate occurrence in western North America, including California, Alberta, and other locations in Canada and the United States.

  synonymIchneumonidaeHymenopteraNorth-AmericaProvancher-1886

• Thorybes dobra

  Thorybes dobra is a skipper butterfly (family Hesperiidae) described by Evans in 1952. Current taxonomic treatment recognizes it as a synonym of Thorybes mexicana (the Mexican cloudywing), a species of spread-wing skipper in the subfamily Pyrginae. It was originally described as a distinct taxon but has since been subsumed under the broader species concept of T. mexicana.

  LepidopteraHesperiidaePyrginaeThorybessynonymskipperbutterflyNorth-AmericaThorybes-mexicana-dobrasubspecies-synonym

• Thorybes nevada

  Thorybes nevada is a species of skipper butterfly in the family Hesperiidae, subfamily Pyrginae. Described by Scudder in 1872, this taxon is currently treated as a synonym of Thorybes mexicana. It is part of a genus of spread-wing skippers found in North America. The species epithet reflects its association with Nevada, where the type specimen was likely collected.

  skipperbutterflysynonymNorth-AmericaNevada

• Thripsaphis cyperi

  Thripsaphis cyperi is a species of aphid first described by Walker in 1848. It is currently recognized as a synonym of Allaphis cyperi, reflecting ongoing taxonomic uncertainty in the genus Thripsaphis. The species belongs to the subfamily Calaphidinae and tribe Saltusaphidini, a group of aphids often associated with sedge hosts (family Cyperaceae). No iNaturalist observations exist for this taxon, and published biological data remain scarce.

  aphidsynonymSaltusaphidiniCyperaceaetaxonomically-unstable

• Toxotrypana

  papaya fruit fly

  Toxotrypana is an obsolete genus of tephritid fruit flies now synonymized with Anastrepha. The genus was historically recognized for species associated with papaya and related Caricaceae, with Toxotrypana curvicauda (now Anastrepha curvicauda) being the most studied species. These flies are significant agricultural pests in tropical and subtropical regions where papaya is cultivated.

  obsolete-taxonsynonymagricultural-pestfruit-flypapayapheromoneCaricaceae

• Trichalophus brunneus

  Trichalophus brunneus is a broad-nosed weevil in the family Curculionidae. It is currently treated as a synonym of Trichalophus didymus. The species was described by Van Dyke in 1927 and is known from western North America, including Alaska, Alberta, British Columbia, Colorado, and Idaho.

  broad-nosed-weevilEntiminaeByrsopaginiwestern-North-Americasynonym

• Trichiocampus grandis

  Trichiocampus grandis is a sawfly species in the family Tenthredinidae. It is currently recognized as a synonym of Cladius grandis, though the exact taxonomic status remains subject to nomenclatural revision. The species was originally described by Serville in 1823. Distribution records indicate presence in Belgium and Canada, specifically British Columbia.

  sawflyTenthredinidaeHymenopterasynonymCladius

• Trichotichnus fulgens

  Trichotichnus fulgens is a ground beetle species in the family Carabidae, originally described by Csiki in 1932. The species is currently considered a synonym of Trichotichnus nitidulus according to GBIF taxonomy. It is recorded from North America, specifically Canada and the United States. As a member of the tribe Harpalini, it belongs to a diverse group of ground beetles commonly found in terrestrial habitats. The genus Trichotichnus contains multiple species distributed across the Holarctic region.

  CarabidaeHarpalinaeHarpaliniground-beetleNorth-Americasynonym

• Trimerotropis occidentiloides

  Trimerotropis occidentiloides is a species of band-winged grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It was described by Rentz and Weissman in 1981. The species is currently considered a synonym of Trimerotropis occidentaloides. It is recorded from North America.

  synonymband-winged-grasshopperNorth-America

• Trioza phoradendri

  Trioza phoradendri is a psyllid species in the family Triozidae, described by Tuthill in 1939. It is currently recognized as a synonym of Trioza phorodendrae. The species belongs to the diverse genus Trioza, which includes numerous psyllids associated with various host plants. Information on its biology, ecology, and distribution remains limited in the available literature.

  TriozidaeSternorrhynchaPsylloideasynonympsyllidNorth-America

• Trox frontera

  Trox frontera is a hide beetle in the family Trogidae, first described by Vaurie in 1955. It is currently treated as a synonym of Glyptotrox frontera. Members of this genus are cryptic beetles that specialize in consuming dried animal remains, including skin, hair, feathers, and connective tissue. They are among the final colonizers of carcasses, arriving after most other insects have departed.

  Trogidaehide-beetlecarrion-beetlesynonymGlyptotroxTexasUSANearcticColeoptera

• Trox paulseni

  Trox paulseni is a hide beetle in the family Trogidae, described by Brett C. Ratcliffe in 2016. It is currently recognized as a synonym of Glyptotrox paulseni. Like other trogids, it belongs to a group of beetles specialized in consuming dried animal remains. The species has been recorded from Kansas and Nebraska in the central United States.

  ColeopteraTrogidaehide-beetlesynonymNearcticRatcliffe-2016Glyptotrox-paulseniKansasNebraska

• Trox spinulosus

  Hide beetle

  Trox spinulosus is a hide beetle in the family Trogidae, a group of scarab beetles that specialize in consuming dried animal remains. The species was described by Robinson in 1940 and is currently treated as a synonym of Glyptotrox spinulosus in some taxonomic databases. Like other trogids, it is associated with the final stages of carcass decomposition, feeding on desiccated skin, hair, feathers, and connective tissue. These beetles are cryptic in appearance and behavior, often caked in debris and feigning death when disturbed.

  hide-beetlecarrion-beetledecompositionTrogidaesynonymscarabaeoidcrypticthanatophagous

• Tylosis jimenezii

  Tylosis jimenezii is a species of longhorn beetle in the family Cerambycidae, first described by Dugès in 1879. It belongs to the tribe Trachyderini, a group of often large and strikingly colored cerambycids. The species is currently considered a synonym of Tylosis jimenezi, with records from both the United States and Mexico. Limited field observations suggest it may be associated with Malvaceae host plants in arid regions of the southwestern United States.

  CerambycidaeTrachyderinilonghorn-beetlesynonymSouthwestern-USMexicoMalvaceae-association

• Urola

  Urola is a genus of moths in the family Crambidae, first described by Francis Walker in 1863. The genus is currently treated as a synonym of Argyria, though it remains in active use in some databases and taxonomic sources. Members of this genus are small to medium-sized pyraloid moths, part of the diverse grass moth group within Crambidae.

  CrambidaeLepidopteramothsgrass-mothssynonym

• Virbia marginata

  Virbia marginata is a moth in the family Erebidae, subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Herbert Druce in 1885. The species is considered a synonym of Virbia rubicundaria in some taxonomic treatments, though this status appears unresolved across sources. Records indicate presence in parts of North America and Central America.

  motherebidaearctiinaetaxonomic-uncertaintysynonymcentral-americasouthwestern-us

• Xenochaetina muscaria

  Xenochaetina muscaria is a species of small fly in the family Lauxaniidae, originally described by Loew in 1861. The species is currently treated as a synonym of Xenochaetina flavipennis. Records in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) indicate this taxon has been documented from multiple localities in Brazil, including the states of Bahia, Roraima, and São Paulo. As a member of Lauxaniidae, it belongs to a family of acalyptrate flies commonly known as lauxaniid flies, though specific biological details for this particular species remain poorly documented in available literature.

  DipteraLauxaniidaeNeotropicalBrazilsynonym

• Xenoglossodes pomonae

  Xenoglossodes pomonae is a junior synonym of Tetraloniella pomonae (Cockerell, 1915), a species of long-horned bee in the family Apidae. The genus Xenoglossodes was established as a replacement name but has been synonymized under Tetraloniella. As a member of the tribe Eucerini, this species belongs to a group of solitary bees commonly known as long-horned bees due to the elongated antennae of males. The specific epithet "pomonae" suggests an association with apple (Malus pumila), though the precise host plant relationships require confirmation.

  beelong-horned-beeEuceriniApidaesynonymsolitary-bee

• Xestocephalus piceus

  Xestocephalus piceus is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, described by Osborn in 1928. It is currently treated as a synonym of Xestocephalus desertorum. The species has been recorded from the southwestern United States (Arizona, Alabama, Arkansas), Baja California, and the Galápagos Islands. Very few observations exist, with only 8 records documented on iNaturalist.

  leafhopperCicadellidaesynonymrarely-observedXestocephalus

• Xylotrechus annosus annosus

  Xylotrechus annosus annosus is a subspecies of longhorn beetle in the family Cerambycidae, tribe Clytini. The species is currently treated as a synonym in modern taxonomy, with Xylotrechus annosus (Say, 1827) representing the valid species. Members of this genus are wood-boring beetles typically associated with dead or dying hardwood trees. The nominate subspecies was described by Thomas Say in 1827 based on North American specimens.

  CerambycidaeCerambycinaeClytiniXylotrechuslonghorn-beetlewood-boring-beetleNorth-AmericasynonymSay-1827

• Xystocheir dissecta taibona

  Xystocheir dissecta taibona is a subspecies of flat-backed millipede in the family Xystodesmidae. It is a synonym of Xystocheir taibona and is known from California. Like other members of its genus, it produces cyanide as a chemical defense against predators. The subspecies is documented as prey for the specialized carabid beetle Promecognathus.

  millipedecyanidechemical-defensePolydesmidaXystodesmidaeCalifornia-endemicPromecognathus-preyoak-woodlanddetritivoresynonym

• Yosemitia

  Yosemitia is a genus of moths in the family Pyralidae, subfamily Phycitinae, described by Ragonot in 1901. The genus is currently recognized as a synonym of Zophodia. Members of this group are small to medium-sized pyralid moths, part of the diverse snout moth fauna of North America.

  synonymPyralidaePhycitinaeNorth-Americamoth-genusRagonot-1901