Reduviidae
Guides
Acholla
Autumn Assassins
Acholla is a genus of assassin bugs (Reduviidae) in the tribe Harpactorini. Adults are most conspicuous in autumn, though they can be found from July onward in some regions. The genus contains three recognized species: A. multispinosa (widespread in eastern and central North America), A. ampliata (western North America), and A. tabida (California and Mexico). These predatory true bugs are primarily arboreal and associated with woodlands and orchards.
Acholla ampliata
Acholla ampliata is an arboreal assassin bug in the family Reduviidae, distributed across western North America from California to Colorado and south to Arizona, New Mexico, and Mexico. Adults are most active in autumn, though they can be found from July onward. The species is distinguished from similar assassin bugs by its relatively smooth body lacking prominent leg spines. It preys on caterpillars and other insects associated with trees, including pest species such as the Codling Moth.
Acholla multispinosa
Acholla multispinosa is a species of assassin bug in the family Reduviidae. It is the most widespread species in its genus, occurring across eastern North America from New England south through the Appalachians to Tennessee and North Carolina, and west through the Great Lakes region to Kansas, Nebraska, and southeast Iowa. Adults are most conspicuous in autumn, though they can be found beginning in July. The species is arboreal, primarily inhabiting woodlands and orchards.
Apiomerus
Bee Assassins, Bee Assassin Bugs
Apiomerus is a genus of brightly colored, conspicuous assassin bugs in the family Reduviidae, commonly known as bee assassins. The genus contains approximately 110 described species and represents the largest clade within the monophyletic tribe Apiomerini. Members are characterized by their use of plant resin as 'sticky traps' to capture prey, a trait unique among assassin bugs. Females possess specialized tibial combs for resin collection and application onto egg masses, providing maternal care. The genus exhibits significant sexual dimorphism and extreme diversity in genital morphology, hypothesized to result from sexual selection driving speciation.
Apiomerus californicus
California Bee Assassin
Apiomerus californicus is a species of assassin bug in the family Reduviidae, first described by Berniker and Szerlip in 2011. It belongs to the Apiomerini tribe, commonly known as bee assassins, which are specialized predators of bees and other pollinators. The species is found in western North America, particularly in California and surrounding regions.
Apiomerus cazieri
Desert Bee Assassin
Apiomerus cazieri is a species of assassin bug (family Reduviidae) endemic to the Chihuahuan and Sonoran Deserts of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. The species was described in 2011 and is commonly known as the Desert Bee Assassin. It is an active predator with documented prey including the checkered beetle Trichodes ornatus and honey bees (Apis mellifera). The species belongs to the genus Apiomerus, whose members are frequently observed hunting on flowers where they ambush pollinators.
Apiomerus flaviventris
Yellow-bellied Bee Assassin, bee assassin bug
Apiomerus flaviventris is a predatory assassin bug in the family Reduviidae, commonly known as the yellow-bellied bee assassin. This species is notable for its specialized feeding habits targeting bees and its remarkable use of plant-derived chemical defenses. Females collect resin from brittlebush (Encelia farinosa) and apply it to their eggs as a protective barrier against predation, particularly by ants. The species inhabits arid and semiarid regions of southwestern North America.
Apiomerus immundus
Apiomerus immundus is a species of assassin bug in the family Reduviidae, described by Bergroth in 1898. The genus Apiomerus, commonly known as "bee assassins" or "bee killers," comprises exclusively New World species that are ambush predators. Most Apiomerus species are characterized by their habit of perching on flowers to capture visiting bees and other insects. The specific epithet "immundus" (Latin for "unclean" or "dirty") may allude to the debris-accumulating behavior observed in related species.
Apiomerus longispinis
Black Bee Assassin
Apiomerus longispinis is a species of assassin bug in the family Reduviidae. It is found in Central America and North America.
Apiomerus montanus
Mountain Bee Assassin
Apiomerus montanus is a species of assassin bug in the family Reduviidae, commonly known as the Mountain Bee Assassin. It belongs to a genus of exclusively New World predatory insects often called 'bee killers' for their habit of ambushing flower-visiting insects. The species was formally described in 2011 during a revision of the crassipes and pictipes species groups of Apiomerus. Like other members of its genus, it is an ambush predator that captures prey using its raptorial forelegs and subdues them with a venomous proboscis.
Apiomerus spissipes
Plains Bee Assassin
Apiomerus spissipes is a species of assassin bug in the family Reduviidae, commonly known as the Plains Bee Assassin. It ranges broadly across the Great Plains of North America and is replaced further east by the closely related but generally darker A. crassipes. The species is known for its habit of ambushing pollinators on flowers, particularly bees, though it will prey on other insects as well. Its coloration has been observed to include pale ventral surfaces with black front and hind margins.
Atrachelus
Atrachelus is a genus of assassin bugs in the family Reduviidae, comprising at least two described species: A. cinereus and A. mucosus. The genus is found in the Americas and belongs to the subfamily Harpactorinae, a diverse group of predatory true bugs. Species in this genus share the general characteristics of harpactorine assassin bugs but specific diagnostic features remain poorly documented in available literature.
Atrachelus cinereus
Atrachelus cinereus is a species of assassin bug in the family Reduviidae. It has a broad distribution spanning Central America, North America, and South America. The species was described by Fabricius in 1798, with the nominate subspecies Atrachelus cinereus cinereus. A second subspecies, Atrachelus cinereus wygodzinskyi (also spelled wygoszinskyi), was described by Elkins in 1954. Like other assassin bugs, it is presumed to be a predatory insect, though specific details of its biology remain poorly documented in the available literature.
Atrachelus cinereus cinereus
Atrachelus cinereus cinereus is a subspecies of assassin bug in the family Reduviidae, first described by Fabricius in 1798. It belongs to the subfamily Harpactorinae, a diverse group of predatory true bugs. The genus Atrachelus is part of the Harpactorini tribe, which contains numerous species distributed across the Americas. This subspecies has a broad geographic range spanning North, Central, and South America as well as the Caribbean.
Barce
Barce is a genus of thread-legged bugs in the family Reduviidae, subfamily Emesinae, tribe Metapterini. The genus was established by Stål in 1866 and contains approximately 10 described species. These predatory true bugs are characterized by their elongated, slender legs adapted for capturing prey on vegetation.
Barce aberrans
Barce aberrans is a species of thread-legged assassin bug in the family Reduviidae, subfamily Emesinae. It was described by McAtee and Malloch in 1925 and is native to North America. As a member of the Metapterini tribe, it belongs to a group of reduviids characterized by slender, elongated bodies and raptorial forelegs adapted for capturing prey. The species is part of the diverse emesine fauna of North America, though detailed biological information remains limited in published literature.
Barce fraterna
Barce fraterna is a thread-legged bug (subfamily Emesinae) in the assassin bug family Reduviidae. The species has a broad distribution spanning the Caribbean, Central America, North America, and South America, including the Galápagos Islands. Three subspecies are recognized: B. f. annulipes, B. f. banksii, and the nominate B. f. fraterna. Like other emesines, it possesses the characteristic elongated, slender legs adapted for predation on other arthropods.
Barce fraterna fraterna
Barce fraterna fraterna is a subspecies of thread-legged bug (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Emesinae) first described by Thomas Say in 1832. It belongs to the tribe Metapterini, a group of predatory true bugs characterized by slender, elongate bodies and raptorial forelegs adapted for capturing prey. The subspecies occurs across a broad geographic range spanning North, Central, and South America, including the Galápagos Islands.
Barce werneri
Barce werneri is a species of thread-legged bug (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Emesinae) described by Wygodzinsky in 1966. It belongs to the tribe Metapterini within the subfamily Emesinae, a group characterized by their slender, elongate bodies and raptorial forelegs adapted for predation. The species has been recorded from North America, though specific details regarding its biology and ecology remain limited.
Castolus
Castolus is a genus of assassin bugs (family Reduviidae) comprising approximately 16 described species. Members of this genus belong to the subfamily Harpactorinae, a diverse group of predatory true bugs. The genus was established by Carl Stål in 1858. Like other reduviids, species in this genus are predatory, though specific natural history details for most Castolus species remain poorly documented.
Charadracarinae
Charadracarinae is a subfamily of assassin bugs (Reduviidae) within the true bugs (Hemiptera). The group is poorly studied and contains few described species. Members are found in arid regions of the Old World, particularly in Africa and the Middle East. The subfamily was established to accommodate genera with distinctive morphological features that separate them from other reduviid subfamilies.
Ctenotrachelus
Ctenotrachelus is a genus of assassin bugs in the family Reduviidae, established by Stål in 1868. The genus comprises more than 20 described species and is classified within the subfamily Stenopodainae. Members of this genus are predatory true bugs that share the general characteristics of reduviid assassin bugs, including raptorial forelegs adapted for capturing prey. The genus has been documented in the Americas, with specific collection records from Florida, USA.
Ctenotrachelus shermani
Ctenotrachelus shermani is a species of assassin bug in the family Reduviidae, subfamily Stenopodainae. It is a predatory true bug found across a broad geographic range spanning the Caribbean, North America, and South America. The species was described by Barber in 1929. Observations suggest it is established and active in tropical and subtropical regions.
Diaditus pictipes
Diaditus pictipes is a species of assassin bug in the family Reduviidae, first described by Champion in 1898. It belongs to the subfamily Stenopodainae, a group of predatory true bugs characterized by raptorial forelegs adapted for capturing prey. The species has been recorded from the Caribbean, Central America, and North America, though specific details about its biology remain poorly documented.
Doldina interjungens
Doldina interjungens is a species of assassin bug in the family Reduviidae, first described by Bergroth in 1913. It belongs to the subfamily Harpactorinae, one of the largest and most diverse groups within the assassin bugs. The species is recorded from Central America and North America.
Emesaya
Emesaya is a genus of thread-legged assassin bugs (Reduviidae: Emesinae) described by McAtee & Malloch in 1925. Members of this genus are characterized by their elongated, slender bodies and raptorial forelegs adapted for predation. The genus includes at least one well-studied species, Emesaya brevipennis, for which life history data has been documented through laboratory rearing.
Emesini
thread-legged bugs
Emesini is a tribe of thread-legged bugs (Reduviidae: Emesinae) characterized by extremely slender bodies and elongated legs. The tribe contains multiple genera distributed worldwide, with some species exhibiting specialized cave-dwelling habits. Members of this tribe include both surface-dwelling and cavernicolous species, with documented arachnophilous behavior in several taxa.
Empicoris culiciformis
thread-legged assassin bug
Empicoris culiciformis is a predatory true bug in the family Reduviidae, characterized by its delicate build and raptorial forelegs. The species has a Holarctic distribution spanning Europe, the Palearctic, North Africa, and North America. It is rarely encountered due to its cryptic lifestyle in concealed habitats.
Empicoris errabundus
thread-legged assassin bug
Empicoris errabundus is a thread-legged assassin bug in the family Reduviidae. It is found across the Caribbean, Central America, and North America. Members of this genus are small, slender predatory insects that have been observed at ultraviolet light sources, likely hunting smaller insects attracted to the light.
Empicoris orthoneuron
thread-legged bug
Empicoris orthoneuron is a thread-legged assassin bug in the family Reduviidae, characterized by its elongated, slender body form adapted for predation. The species has been recorded across a broad geographic range spanning Central America, North America, and South America. It is one of many small, nocturnal predatory insects attracted to ultraviolet light sources. The species is currently treated as a synonym of Empicoris errabundus in some taxonomic databases.
Empicoris pilosus
thread-legged assassin bug
Empicoris pilosus is a thread-legged assassin bug in the family Reduviidae, characterized by its extremely slender, elongated legs adapted for capturing prey on vegetation. The species has been recorded in both Europe and North America, though specific details about its biology remain sparse. It belongs to a group of reduviids known for their specialized predatory habits on small insects.
Empicoris rubromaculatus
Thread Bug
Empicoris rubromaculatus is a thread-legged assassin bug in the family Reduviidae, commonly known as the thread bug. It is characterized by its elongated, slender body and exceptionally long, thread-like legs. The species has been documented in North America and Oceania, with distribution records from the Azores islands including Faial, Flores, Pico, São Miguel, and Santa Maria. It has been observed at ultraviolet light sources, suggesting nocturnal activity.
Empicoris vagabundus
thread-legged bug
Empicoris vagabundus is a small predatory insect in the family Reduviidae, commonly known as thread-legged bugs. The species measures 6–7 mm in length and is distinguished by its elongated, slender legs. It has been documented across Europe, much of Asia, and the Americas, inhabiting deciduous trees where it hunts barklice and other small insects. The species is attracted to ultraviolet light sources and has been observed as bycatch in mosquito surveillance traps.
Empicoris winnemana
thread-legged bug
Empicoris winnemana is a species of thread-legged assassin bug in the family Reduviidae, described by McAtee & Malloch in 1925. It is native to North America. Like other members of the genus Empicoris, it is characterized by exceptionally slender, elongated legs adapted for predation on small insects. The species is poorly documented in scientific literature, with limited observational records.
Fitchia spinosula
Fitchia spinosula is a species of assassin bug in the family Reduviidae, first described by Carl Stål in 1872. It belongs to the subfamily Harpactorinae, a diverse group of predatory true bugs. The species is known from North America, with records primarily from the western Nearctic region. Like other reduviids, it is presumed to be predatory, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented.
Gardena
thread-legged bug
Gardena is a genus of thread-legged assassin bugs in the subfamily Emesinae, tribe Emesini. It is the second-largest genus in its tribe, with 46 described species. Members of this genus are characterized by their elongated, slender bodies and raptorial forelegs adapted for capturing prey. The genus was established by Dohrn in 1859.
Gnathobleda
Gnathobleda is a genus of assassin bugs in the family Reduviidae, subfamily Stenopodainae. It was established by Stål in 1859 and contains at least four described species distributed in the Neotropical region. The genus is characterized by distinctive morphological features typical of the Stenopodainae, a subfamily known for slender-bodied predatory bugs. Species within this genus have been documented from South America, including Argentina.
Harpactorinae
Assassin bugs
Harpactorinae is the largest subfamily of Reduviidae (assassin bugs), comprising approximately 300 genera and 2,000 described species worldwide. Members are characterized by diverse predatory strategies, including raptorial forelegs for prey capture and, in some genera, adhesive secretions used as sticky traps. Several genera—notably Zelus, Pselliopus, Sinea, and Apiomerus—have been investigated for biological pest control applications in agricultural systems.
Heza
Heza is a genus of assassin bugs in the family Reduviidae, first described in 1843. The genus contains more than 30 described species distributed throughout the Americas. These insects are predatory true bugs belonging to the subfamily Harpactorinae, one of the most diverse groups within Reduviidae.
Heza similis
Heza similis is a species of assassin bug described by Carl Stål in 1859. It belongs to the family Reduviidae, a diverse group of predatory true bugs. The species has a broad distribution spanning the Caribbean Sea, Central America, North America, and South America. As a member of the Harpactorinae subfamily, it likely exhibits the typical assassin bug predatory lifestyle, though specific biological details remain poorly documented in the scientific literature.
Leistarchini
thread-legged bugs
Leistarchini is a tribe of thread-legged bugs within the subfamily Emesinae (family Reduviidae). Members of this group are characterized by their elongated, slender bodies and extremely long, thin legs—adaptations for living in narrow spaces such as spider webs and crevices. The tribe was established by Carl Stål in 1862. These predatory true bugs are part of the diverse assassin bug fauna, though specific biological details for many constituent genera remain poorly documented.
Lophoscutus prehensilis
Lophoscutus prehensilis is a species of ambush bug in the family Reduviidae. It belongs to the subfamily Phymatinae, a group of predatory true bugs known for their raptorial forelegs used to capture prey. The species was first described by Fabricius in 1803. Two subspecies are recognized: the nominate form and L. p. minor. It occurs in both Central America and North America.
Lophoscutus uhleri
Lophoscutus uhleri is a species of ambush bug in the family Reduviidae, subfamily Phymatinae. The species was described by Handlirsch in 1897. Phymatine reduviids are predatory true bugs characterized by their raptorial forelegs used to capture prey. Members of the genus Lophoscutus are known from North America.
Macrocephalus cimicoides
Macrocephalus cimicoides is an ambush bug in the family Reduviidae, first described by Swederus in 1787. As a member of the subfamily Phymatinae, it belongs to a group of predatory true bugs characterized by raptorial forelegs adapted for catching prey. The species occurs in North America.
Metapterini
Metapterini is a tribe of thread-legged bugs within the assassin bug subfamily Emesinae (family Reduviidae). Members of this tribe are characterized by their elongated, slender legs and raptorial forelegs adapted for capturing prey. The tribe was established by Carl Stål in 1874 and is distinguished from other Emesinae tribes by specific morphological features of the head and leg structure.
Microtomus luctuosus
Tamaulipan White-winged Assassin
Microtomus luctuosus is a species of assassin bug in the family Reduviidae, native to the Americas. It belongs to the subfamily Hammacerinae, which includes species commonly known as bark assassin bugs. The species has been recorded across a broad geographic range spanning North, Central, and South America. Like other members of its genus, it is likely associated with woodland habitats and cryptic microhabitats such as beneath bark. The specific epithet 'luctuosus' (Latin for 'mournful' or 'sorrowful') may refer to its coloration.
Microtomus purcis
Eastern White-winged Assassin, bark assassin bug
Microtomus purcis is a strikingly colored assassin bug in the family Reduviidae, found in North America. The species is notable for its aposematic coloration—black body with creamy-white wing bases and bright red abdominal segments and hind legs. Despite its conspicuous appearance, it is primarily nocturnal and spends daylight hours concealed under loose bark of dead trees. The species has been documented from the Ozark Highlands and surrounding regions, with adult activity recorded from September through March and nymphs found in late autumn.
Nomotettix cristatus
crested pygmy grasshopper, crested grouse locust, northern crested grouse locust
Nomotettix cristatus is a small pygmy grasshopper in the family Tetrigidae, commonly known as the crested pygmy grasshopper or crested grouse locust. It is one of approximately 35 Nearctic species of Tetrigidae. The species exhibits three recognized subspecies with distinct geographic distributions across North America. Like other members of its family, it is characterized by an elongated pronotum that extends over the abdomen, a trait distinguishing pygmy grasshoppers from typical grasshoppers in Acrididae.
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stemhumanRelevanceinteraction-with-humanssimilarTaxamust-include-reasonmisconceptionsonly-if-meaningfulextraDetailsimportant-additional-contextSTYLE-RULESclear-direct-sentencesavoid-fluff-filler-languagerepeating-taxonomy-in-proseoverly-technical-jargonconcrete-statementsabstract-descriptionsQUALITY-RULEScompleteness-highmost-fields-well-supportedcompleteness-mediumpartial-but-reliablecompleteness-lowsparse-datahasInferredContenttrue-ONLY-if-generalization-usedotherwise-falseOUTPUT-FORMATstrictly-match-JSON-schemano-extra-fieldsno-commentary-outside-JSONwater-associatedthree-subspeciesN.-c.-cristatusN.-c.-compressusN.-c.-floridanussmall-size399-observationsexact-matchmedium-completenessno-inferred-contentfactual-correctness-prioritizedconservative-approachinformative-contentno-fluffno-vague-generalizationscautious-language-where-neededno-fabricationunique-field-contentfocused-sectionsJSON-schema-complianceno-commentaryOncerotrachelus acuminatus
Oncerotrachelus acuminatus is a species of assassin bug in the family Reduviidae. It is found across the Caribbean, Central America, and North America. The species was originally described by Thomas Say in 1832 under the name Reduvius acuminatus. As a member of the subfamily Saicinae, it belongs to a group of reduviid bugs characterized by particular morphological and ecological traits, though specific details of its biology remain poorly documented in the scientific literature.
Oncerotrachelus pallidus
Oncerotrachelus pallidus is a species of assassin bug in the family Reduviidae, first described by Barber in 1922. It belongs to the subfamily Saicinae, a group of thread-legged assassin bugs characterized by their slender, elongated bodies and raptorial forelegs adapted for predation. The species is known from North America, though specific details regarding its biology, ecology, and distribution within this range remain poorly documented in available literature.